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charge effect s are not a significant source of beam losses in PSR until the accumulated charge does not exceed 6 μC [5]. Figure 5: Evolution of transverse beam sizes along high - energy beam transport : (black) 𝜎𝜎 𝑥𝑥, 800 MeV; ( blue) 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦, 800 MeV; ( red) 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥, 700 MeV; (green) 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦, 700 MeV. ...
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REFERENCES [1] K. W. Jones and P. W. Lisowski , “LANSCE high power op- eration and m aintenance experience ”, in Proc . of AccApp ’03, San Antonio, TX, USA, Jun. 2003, p. 372. [2] T. F. Fronk, “ Aspects of b eam stability of the LANSCE ac- celerator facility ”, M. Sci. Thesis, Indiana University, Bloom- ington, I...
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c7b9b72f-ca35-43f8-8f96-0f70bcf0f51b
CRITICAL DESIGN ISSUES OF THE NOVEL MULTI-BEAM LANSCE FRONT END Y . K. Batygin, Los Alamos National Labor atory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87547, USA Abstract The proposed novel 100 MeV injector for the moderni- zation of the LANSCE Accelerat or Facility [1] aims to re- place the existing injector based on 750-keV Co...
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tor is the different degrees of space charge neutralization of the multi-component beam. Coupling between degrees of freedom in the presence of strong space charge forces of the beams results in unavoida ble beam mismatch in the Front End and requires careful six-dimensional matching of beams with accelerator struc...
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(IPF), while 800 MeV H- beams are distributed to four ex- perimental areas: the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, the Weapons Neutron Research facility (WNR), the Proton Radiography facility (pRad), and the Ultra-Cold Neutron facility (UCN). To reduce long-term operational risks and to realize future beam perform anc...
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with subsequent simultaneous acceleration of H+/ H- beams with multiple beam flavors in a single RFQ. Multi-beam structure is achieved with beam chopping and bunching in LEBT. Because H - beam leg accommodates 2 different types of beams (LBEG/UCN/pRad and WNR), the transverse matching assumes adjustment of eight T...
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c6e85a85-3b9e-40e7-bbc9-d72ce63d1965
with an additional solenoid in the common LEBT beam- line. The 3-MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport contains several choppers and rebunchers to match beams to the novel DTL. After RFQ and MEBT, beams are accelerated in the Drift Tube Linac from 3 MeV up to 100 MeV . . Figure 1: Layout of the proposed LANSCE Front ...
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Figure 2: LEBT dynamics of 25 ns chopped H- WNR beam pulse with subsequent bunching by the 10.0625 MHz Low Frequency Buncher: (red) vertical, (blue) horizontal. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3: (a-c)_ transverse beam emittances at...
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d36cb0bf-6f95-4836-94b9-9026355f8289
sure of residual gas 631 0 Torr is estimated as 𝜏௺ = 56 μs. Since the Lujan beam pulses are 625 μs long, such a beam would be fully space charge neutralized, which was ob- served experimentally in LANSCE 80-keV H- Test Stand [5]. However, the WNR beam, as a combination of short single bunches, separated by long...
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R I    , (1) where I is the beam current, S is the focusing period, R is the average beam radius, and 34/coI mc q is the characteristic beam current. Beam emittance growth due to space charge in transport systems is estimated as [6] 2 21( 1 )f o iW W    , (2) where /WW ~ 0.02 -0.1...
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transport with given beam radius and emittance. The value of the beam radius in LEBT is determined by the requirement to p rovide sufficiently lo ng beam drift be- fore beam waists for the placement of the chopper, Low Frequency Buncher, and merging area of the H+/ H- beams. For space charge dominant beam drift, t...
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beam current to avoid sign ificant emittance growth is limI = 13 mA, which is 30% larger than that in the present op- eration of the LANSCE fac ility. The further increase of beam current is restricted by the H- intra-beam stripping effect in the high-energy part of the machine, which in-creases beam loss as the squa...
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Table 1: Normalized Transv erse RMS Beam Emittance ( π mm mrad) and Charge Per Bunch in the Proposed LANSCE Front End Beam (Facility) Source 100 keV 3 MeV Q/b (pC) H-(Lujan/ pRad/UCN) H - (WNR) H+ (IPF) 0.2 0.2 0.03 0/26 0.47 0.12 0.45 0.68 0.17 60 125 20 Figure 4: Time structure of H- WNR an...
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a7791ea5-87ff-453c-921b-98499160a677
WNR beam is a sequence of single bunches, followed by a frequency of 0.56 MHz. Each WNR bunch is first cut from the DC beam with a short chopper pulse. The chopped beam pulse goes through the Low Frequency Buncher and receives modulation in longitudinal momentum. Then, in drift space, the WNR bunch ro tates in longi...
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0cb767e5-a85e-4e40-a2f9-d1f0f412b1ad
Analysis of chopper systems was done in [9]. The longi- tudinal bunch size, 2RLFBcWNR, is determined by the chopping pulse WNR , which is affected by the power sup- ply rise time and edge field of the chopper [10]. The tran- sient time in a traveling wave chopper with an aperture a = 5 cm is /( )tac = 11.4 n...
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da61e226-985c-4168-b79a-e32a9db3664f
= 1.7 m. Αfter the Low Frequency Buncher, the longitudi- nal beam radius is compressed as L w FB RR /2.35 =2.98 cm (see Fig. 3d). Therefore, at th e injection to RFQ, the longi- tudinal bunch size, 2wR= 2.7 , is larger than the longi- tudinal RF bucket. It results in the appearance of satellite WNR bunches after R...
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648e79bf-8093-432d-a2be-ece8f2603655
nas, Brazil, May 2021, p.1894 (2021). [2] K. W. Jones and P. W. Li sowski, “LANSCE High Power Op- eration and Maintenance Experience”, in Proc. 6th Int. Top. Meeting Nucl. Appl. Accel. Technol. (AccApp’03) , p. 372, San Antonio, USA, Jun. 2003 [3] Y . K. Batygin, D. A. Dimitrov, I. N. Draganic, D. V . Gorelov, E....
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for LANSCE Acceleration Facility ”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2687 052006 (2024). [5] Y . K. Batygin, I. N. Draganic, C. M. Fortgang, G. Rouleau, “Space Charge Neutralization of Low Energy H- Beam”, in Proc. IPAC’13, Shanghai, China, p. 1856 (2013). [6] M. Reiser, “Theory and Design of Charged Particle Beams”, Whiley...
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RF PHASE FEEDBACK AT KEK e- /e+ INJECTOR LINAC T. Miura1,2, T. Matsumoto1,2, H. Katagiri1, T. Natsui1,2, T. Kudo3 1High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba , Japan 2The Graduate University for Advanced Studies ( SOKENDAI ), Tsukuba , Japan 3Mitsubishi Electric System & Service Co., L td, T...
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back was introduced. The correction phase amount is de- termined by the feedback calculation for the RF at the ac- celerat ing structure outlet in non -injection mode (NIM) without beam acceleration. This value is then added to set phase as an offset phase value in each mode. This method has stabilised the RF ph...
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Figure 2 shows the RF drive system [3] in the injector LINAC . The RF frequency is 2856 MHz, and the RF pulse width from klystron is 4 µ s. The RF power is compressed by SLED, then the RF is fed to four accelerati ng structures. The low -level RF (LLRF) unit [4] receives beam mode in- formation and RF setting p...
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Each klystron unit is equipped with an RF monitor [ 5], which measures the RF amplitude and phase of the klystron, SLED, and accelerating tube outlet for every pulse. Figure 2: Klystron drive line using sub- booster amplifier (left) and individually drive system (right) . The RF amplitude is driven near the ...
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19a9bdef-f3f8-4d86-9c07-c050ea8a98e8
operation pattern s simultaneously . This paper describes t he details of phase feedback and the operational precautions. PHASE FEEDBACK As the cooling water temperature changes, the resonant frequency of the accelerating tube changes, causing a phase shift. There are three types of accelerating structures wi...
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56030ea7-b11e-4531-a8f9-c1a83ebce468
ters are equivalent to 2.10°, 2.32°, and 2.55°. The observed phase change of ACC is large at 5.6 deg for a change of 0.27 °C, and one of SLED is 2.9 deg. That means th e phase shift in the accelerating structure is equivalent to the differ- ence of them, 2.7 deg. This value is almost consistent with the design...
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6a6e4e8e-a874-4423-aa7f-45539c6a16c4
always be corrected, even if there is no beam acceleration. The injector LINAC has Non- Injection -Mode (NIM) that does not involve beam injection. The phase correction amount , 𝜑𝜑𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 , is determined by feedback calculation in the NIM mode . As shown in Eq. (1), the sum of the RF phase of eac...
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due to amplitude change caused by seasonal temperature fluctuations, the current amplitude tolerance is set to ±2% . Additionally, due to aging, poor contact in the coaxial ca- bles can cause sudden changes in amplitude and phase. When this happens, the feedback stops as the amplitude falls outside the acceptable ...
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143f722a-e299-4577-955f-9c586ff3ee35
pickup inside the standing wave cavity. The second peak waveform of the amplitude data is the RF accumulated in the cavity that is output immediately after the input RF is turned off. Feedback is performed using the phase information of this part. Finally , phase feedback has been introduced to all RF units. Case ...
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575bb182-04c3-4eec-8d8a-4f3cf1ee218a
However, with the introduction of phase feedback, beam operation can be resumed within a few minutes after RF on. The r esumption of beam operation in such a short time is supported not only by RF phase feedback but also by beam energy feedback and orbit feedback. Figure 5: Response of cooling water tempera...
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of a few minutes as it requires verification work before re- suming operation. In this case, since the RF turns off at only one klystron unit , there is no change in the cooling water temperature. However, the SLED and accelerating structures cool down, causing a significant phase change immediately after recover...
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The l ong-term phase drift of the correction phase s and the humidity are shown in Fig. 7. Figure 7: Long- term phase drift of the correction phase and the humidity. The phase feedback correction amount is set to 0° at the start of operation, so it was expected to return to around 0° during normal operat...
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the reference signal transmission systems sent to each sec- tor has already been reported [ 7]. The offset in the phase correction amount raises concerns about a relative phase shift with the beam. However, i n practice, the set phase for each mode is adjusted regularly to ensure the appropriate phase while observi...
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356efc98-3841-4324-afb5-4a2a50cab9ef
whether injection into each ring is occurring. This method has made the RF phase stable in all modes without consid- ering complex operating condit ion. The introduction of RF phase feedback has enabled stable beam acceleration even with fluctuations in the cooling water temperature. A significant humidity depende...
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7da71a6c-4855-4f11-b012-463202c2e629
[2] H. Kaji et al. , “Pulse -to-Pulse Modulation of Injector Linac with Event Timing System”, 19th IEEE -NPSS Real Time Conference, Nara, Japan, 2014, pp. 1 -5 doi:10.1109/RTC.2014.7097458 [3] T. Matsumoto et al ., “Low -Level RF System for the SuperKEKB Injector LINAC”, in Proc. IP AC’18 , Vancouver, Canada, ...
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Emittance, High -Current Electron Beams for SuperKEKB ”, in Proc. LINAC’1 4, Geneva , Swizerland , 2014 , pp. 21-25. [7] N. Liu et al. , “Measurement of the RF Reference Phase Sta- bility in the SuperKEKB Injector LINAC” , Proc . IP AC’18 , Vancouver, Canada, 2018, pp. 4815- 4818. doi:10.18429/JACoW- IPAC201...
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PROTOTYPING FOR THE ALBA II VACUUM SYSTEM* R. Parise†, P. Ros, L. Carvajal, O. Traver, J. Álvarez, G. Peña, L. Ribó, J. Boyer, P. Salmeron, B. Francisco, L. Nikitina, J. Ladrera, A. Fontanet, B. Zhang, M. Ning, V . Massana, L. Torino, M. Carlà, O. Blanco, T. Günzel, Z. Martí, I. Bellafont, M. Quispe, M. Ll...
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distributed directly onto the chamber walls. Nevertheless, crotch absorbers will be used at key locations. Due to the low conductivity in such small chambers, the entire ring will be NEG coated to accelerate vacuum conditioning and achieve the required ultimate pressure. Most of the vacuum chambers of the 268.8 m ...
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sents the o verall vacuum system status, the design and pro- duction of vacuum prototypes, and initial component tests. INTRODUCTION ALBA II is a major upgrade of the ALBA synchrotron light source in Spain, aiming to transform its storage ring into a fourth -generation, diffraction -limited facility [1]. The upgr...
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c7c547d4-1974-4e5d-9758-6a574825b3c5
early freeze was a strategic decision to reduce project risk and ensure timely use of committed funding before De- cember 2025 . This paper presents the current vacuum sys- tem des ign, details of the prototypes manufactured to date, and the strategy to adapt them to the evolving 5BA layout. ALBA II V ACUUM SYSTEM...
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minimize resistive wall impedance and allow distrib- uted pumping. • A conventional antechamber design will be imple- mented locally to manage synchrotron radiation (SR) power and accommodate photon absorbers and pump- ing elements. • Stainless -steel (SS) chambers will be used in corrector magnet locations to ...
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bly. Synrad+ and Molflow+ simulations [4] indicate that, with this strategy, an average pressure of 2.4 ×10⁻¹⁰ mbar CO-equivalent can be reached after 100 Ah of accumulated beam dose for the long dipole chamber, as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Conditioning plot for the chamber prototypes. Another key feature is...
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absorbers, typically rated at 75 l/s, to provide local pump- ing and complement the distributed NEG pumping. 2.4E -10 1.E-111.E-101.E-091.E-081.E-07 10 100 1000Mean CO equivalent at 350 mA [mbar] Beam dose [Ah]Conditioning plot: Mean CO -equivalent vsbeam dose QDS1 QD1 QDS1 without NEG QD1 without NEG ______________...
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PROTOTYPES DESIGN To validate the proposed solution and its manufactura- bility, the following prototypes are being fabricated: • A short dipole chamber in OFHC -Cu, with brazed flanges and NEG coating; • A long dipole chamber in CuCrZr, with integrated ab- sorber, avoiding brazing to prevent annealing; also ...
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typing: the QD (long dipole) and QDS (short dipole ). The tender for their manufacture was to FMB Berlin [8] in 2024. Delivery is expected the end of 20 25. The QD chamber spans six magnets and is approxi- mately 2 m long, entirely manufactured in CuCrZr and fea- turing NEG coating, depicted in Fig. 2b . Its desig...
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and external grooves to fit within the magnet pole s. To manage the SR power some strategies were adopted: cooling circuits along the full chamber length, with surface power densities targeted below 1 6 W/mm²; conical ab- sorber at the exit flange to shield sensitive downstream components such as BPM and gaskets ;...
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MPa with strain below 0.18 %. These values are all within ALBA’s design criteria for CuCrZr components . An example of these analyses can be found in Fig. 2c. The chamber maintains a minimum wall thickness of 1 mm in most of its sections, except in the dipole section in which a 0.8 mm thick wall was necessary . S...
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The cooling tubes will be attached using a low -tempe rature silver brazing alloy, combined with mechanical clamping to ensure thermal contact and mechanical integrity. The QDS chamber , shown in Fig. 2a, spans three mag- nets (1.3 m) and follows the same main design principles as the QD chamber. Its geometry is...
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c555bd6f-d76e-4ee4-b4b9-3618ae0538f2
To understand the mechanical behaviour of the annealed copper resulting from the brazing process, finite element simulations were performed under expected operational conditions. The results show minimal deformation and strain, with stresses below 9 MPa , within ALBA’s design criteria for annealed copper componen...
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the blocks was done by FMB Berlin, using TIG, and BC - TECH, using laser, each producing two complete prototype chambers, with the FMB versions also NEG coated . Dimensional inspection, vacuum leak testing and elec- tromagnetic measurements were performed on all four BPM chambers. The results can be found in [1 4]. ...
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(b) RF Shielded B ellows Three RF -shielding concepts were evaluated for the ALBA II bellows: gear -type, barrel -type, and RF fingers. The gear -type concept, inspired by developments at Sirius [15] and Soleil -II, integrate s the BPM block and bellows into a single unit, as studied in [16]. Despite its compact...
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Figure 3: (a) BPM and (b) RF -shielded bellows prototypes . Photon Absorbers To manage localized SR power at specific points along the storage ring, discrete crotch absorbers are included in the vacuum system layout. As part of the ALBA 01 proto- typing program, a Glidcop photon absorber , to be mounted on a dedi...
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53626493-4e5b-4ca9-b6e7-d990d9a9f65f
with a peak power density of 33 W/mm². Thermomechan- ical analyses predict a maximum temperature of 260 °C for the absorber , and 65 °C , for the cooling channel s. The re- sulting maximum stress is 185 MPa with strain remaining below 0.16%, all within design criteria for Glidcop com- ponents . Figure 4: Photon...
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• A fully machined CuCrZr version with no brazing. These samples aim to benchmark both manufacturability and functional performance, including compatibility with NEG coating, dimensional tolerances, and mechanical ro- bustness. NEG saturation behaviour will be evaluated through activation and pumping tests. This ...
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18f8d9e2-9f49-4ea6-b808-74fa6bb716f5
change provided more longitudinal space between magnets while maintaining the same bore diameter, allowing the in- tegration of a more tradition al, yet compact, photon ab- sorber to manage the SR power, replacing the function pre- viously handled by the integrated absorber in QD chamber. The BPM chamber and the RF ...
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load but at a lower peak power density. To provide the aperture needed for injection efficiency, the conical absorber at the exit flange, used to shadow downstream components, must now be asymmetric, with the right side (internal to the ring) slightly smaller. Other m oderate geometric adjustments , such as chan...
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98511e3f-1aff-4aff-a1ec-ac759d553adc
REFERENCES [1] F. Pérez et al. , “ALBA II Accelerator Upgrade Project Sta- tus”, in Proc. IPAC’25, Taipei, Taiwan, Jun. 2025, pp. 706– 709. doi:10.18429/JACoW- IPAC25-MOPS043 [2] G. Benedetti et al., “Progress on the 5BA lattice studies for ALBA-II”, presented at the IPAC'25, Taipei, Taiwan, Jun. 2025, paper WEPM...
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type Flanges to Accelerator Beam Pipes”, in Proc. IPAC’10 , Kyoto, Japan, May 2010, paper THPEA080, pp. 3855-3857. [6] J. Boyer et al. , “The girder system prototype for the ALBA II storage ring” , presented at MEDSI’25, Lund, Sweden , Sept. 2025, paper WEP62 , this conference. [7] L. Ribó et al. , “Layout o...
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c5a98e1f-9243-4522-9b0e-a53500a5983e
doi:10.18429/JACoW- MEDSI2023- WEOBM01 [11] L. Torino et al. , “Design of the BPM Button for ALBA II”, in Proc. IBIC’2 4, Beijing , China , Nov. 2024, pp. 174-177 . doi:10.18429/JACoW- IBIC2024- TUP55 [12] Kyocera. https://global.kyocera.com [13] BC-TECH. https://bctech.ch/en [14] L. Torino et al. , “Button BPM ...
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6a3c27ef-99f4-4efd-b36d-d907c9b550e2
[17] R. Ganter et al., “SLS 2.0 vacuum components design”, in Proc. IPAC'23 , Venice, Italy, May 2023, pp. 4301 -4304. doi:10.18429/JACoW- IPAC2023- THPA147 [18] M. Quispe et al., “Design of an Integrated Crotch Absorber for ALBA Synchrotron Light Source”, in Proc. MEDSI'18, Paris, France, Jun. 2018, pp. 258 -...
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d9deb3e7-ac4a-43b1-be7f-a67b90e3f7e9
DOSE CALCULATIONS FOR WARM QUADRUPOLES IN THE LHC OFF-MOMENTUM CLEANING INSERTION∗ K. Taylor, R. Bruce, A. Canesse, A. Lechner, S. Redaelli, V. Rodin, P. Schoofs CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract Interaction Region3 (IR3) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) houses the off-momentum collimation system, de- signedtoremove...
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quadrupolesduringapreviousshutdown,furthershielding may be required, prompting dose predictions through the HL-LHCeraintheearly2040s. ThispaperpresentsFLUKA simulations where the off-momentum proton and heavy ion lossesinLHCRun2(2014-2018)andRun3(2022-2026) are estimated from Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs). These estimates ...
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tor, which are made of carbon-reinforced carbon composite blocks. Here, they undergo nuclear interactions, generat- ingradiation showers. The showerspropagatedownstream impacting components, including the normal conducting quadrupoles within the IR3 region. This study summarises two analyses. The first involves calcula...
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expected magnet lifetime by comparing predicted exposure to estimated safe limits. ∗Researchsupported bythe HL-LHC project 1LHC operates with Pb ions about one month per year, HL-LHC will assumethe same operational scenario. Figure 1: Left: FLUKA model: Shielding inserts through quadrupole. Right: FLUKAmodel: tungstens...
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diationdamageresultsinembrittlementofthepolymer. The spacers secure the magnet components in place and with- stand significant force, and so a loss of mechanical strength duetoradiation-induceddegradationisofconcern. Previ- ousassessmentsestablishedradiationdoselimitsforthese materialsbeforedegradationoccurs: 10MGyforc...
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ForbothRun2andRun3geometries,separateFLUKA models were created for proton and Pb ion beams, using identicalcollimatorsettings,butwithdifferentbeamtypes. Eachmodelincorporateddetailedscoringalongthewarm quadrupoles in the longitudinal direction (or S position), lo- catedinthecoilandspacerregions. FLUKAscoringdefines the...
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Figure2: Acomparisonbetweenexperimentaldosesfrom BLM data with scaled simulated data as a function of the position in S along the beamline. The simulated data, ini- tiallyprovidesavalueperparticlelost,andsomustbescaled usingparticle losses- theseare calculatedbydividing the maximum experimental value by the correspondi...
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95c60db3-a10d-462d-b299-c687ce02a29a
accurately reflect real conditions, the beam depth was ad- justed2until the simulated BLM [ 9,10] values aligned well withexperimental measurementsfrom 2023stableprotons asseen inFig. 2. Futurestudieswith more realisticimpact distributions are planned in all IR3 collimators. AlimitationofthisapproachwasthatonlyBeam1was...
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simulateddoseinthemagnetcoilsandspacers. Thismethod- ology had previously been demonstrated in IR7 studies [ 11]. The experimental BLM data for each year, integrated over all operational LHC beam modes at 6.8TeV(6.5TeV inRun2),werecomparedwiththecorrespondingFLUKA simulation. Basedonexperimentaldata,particlelossesfor p...
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f6d97afb-05a6-40ce-be83-71732d7d5d95
and scaled by the number of days in operation for each year. ParticlelossesfortheHL-LHCoperationhadtobeextrap- olated. Inthecaseofprotons,thelossesperyearweretaken toapproximatelytwicethatof2024,basedonthecumulative beam intensity. Losses per year for ions were assumed to be equal to the total losses to date, as the HL...
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b481dc88-04d9-4a93-9653-8a9d98386094
peak dose on the spacers, shown in Fig. 4. Table 1: EstimatedProtons and Ions Lostper Year Protons Lost / year Pb Ions Lost / year Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2 Run 2 2015 5.86×10131.37×10131.71×10110.78×1010 2016 1.47×10141.21×1014NA NA 2017 1.46×10141.20×1014NA NA 2018 1.73×10141.73×10145.34×10112.26×1011 Total 5.24×10...
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Figure4: Detailedscoringallowstheobservationofdoses received specifically by the coils and spacers, where the insulating material within is most sensitive. Left – the dose from 1 year HL-LHC proton operation in MQWA.E5L3 quadrupole. Right – dose from 1 year HL-LHC Pb Ion operation in MQWA.E5L3 quadrupole. Dose contribu...
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doseoccurredattheupstreamendofthemagnet. Thedoses shownacross the whole magnet region demonstrate higher dosesthaninthecoils. Mostofthedoseimpactsthemagnet yokeandtheshieldinginserts-withtheshieldingabsorbing much of the dose that the coils would otherwise receive. In contrast,Run2datawithoutshieldingshowedamuchflatter...
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572c77df-5195-4284-9e47-2a18dcc2130f
HL-LHC – Protons (10 years) 25.0 1.50 HL-LHC – Ions (10 years) 0.41 0.10 Total 3.83 1.88 Figure5: Yearlypeakdosesreceivedalongthelengthofthe MQWA.E5L3coilduringHL-LHCProtonoperationshow a decrease with increase in S position - corresponding to the magnet depth, as the shielding effectively attenuates the radiation. The...
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c877ca2b-3dd5-4b98-bee4-78c6d4ec25e1
magnetdosesduringthePb-Pbionrunwerenegligiblecom- pared to protons, remaining at tens of kGy level. Given theshortdurationofPbionrunsofonlyonemonthayear, plus a lower integrated luminosity than protons, it can be concluded that ions do not pose a significant threat to the magnet integrity. CONCLUSION Using updated FLUK...
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81dbcf21-deb0-4b3f-9ed1-82da9eb991e1
REFERENCES [1]R. W. Assmann et al., “The Final Collimation System for the LHC”, in Proc.EPAC’06 , Edinburgh, UK, Jun. 2006, paper TUODFI01, pp. 986–988. [2]O. Aberle et al., “High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical Design Report”, CERN Yellow Re- ports: Monographs, CERN,Geneva,2020. doi:1/zero.alt4.23...
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e2a8bb91-c277-4545-9706-f8502dde5d77
doi:1/zero.alt4.1/zero.alt416/j.anucene.2/zero.alt414.11./zero.alt4/zero.alt47 [6]FLUKA.CERN website, https://fluka.cern[7]A. Mereghetti et al., “Linebuilder”, https://gitlab. cern.ch/bmi/fedb/coupling/linebuilder [8]A. Lechner et al., “Recap of previous energy deposition stud- ies for IR3 magnets”, https://indico.cern...
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6043ba31-935f-4334-82e6-60481cb0a53d
paperFRPMN071,pp.4192–4194. https://jacow.org/ pac2/zero.alt4/zero.alt47/PAPERS/FRPMN/zero.alt471.PDF [11]A. Canesse et al., “2022 & 2023 proton losses in LHC IR7”, https://indico.cern.ch/event/1382452/ contributions/5853968/attachments/2827/zero.alt4/zero.alt45/ 4938881/MCWG58-proton-losses-IR7-2.pdf
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aac50389-0cf9-494b-8fab-e9917560ac2b
MOXA1 TEST
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631f9a0a-3d80-4510-b750-022c401200d6
STATUS OF THE NATION AL IGNITION FACILITY (NIF) INTEGRATED COMPUTER CONTROL AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS M. Fedorov, A. Barnes, L. Beaulac, G. Brunton, A. Casey, J. Castro Morales, J. Dixon, C. Estes, M. Flegel, V . Gopalan, S. Heerey, R. Lacuata, V . Miller Kamm, M. Paul, B. Van Wonterghem, S. Weaver , Lawrence L...
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63d604bc-83f8-4897-affc-06ad55fba4b1
teriors of stars and planets, as well as our primary scientific applications: stockpile stewardship and fusion power. NIF control and diagnostic systems allow physicists to pre- cisely manipulate, measure and image this extremely dense and hot matter. A major focus in the past two years has been adding comprehensiv...
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2b0d73cd-7e54-4ca2-85f6-7d5a8d492b40
achieving record neutron yields in 2021. INTRODUCTION The National Ignition Facility is a large (3 football fields) and complex (192 laser beams) experimental phys- ics system (Fig. 1) [1] . It is efficiently operated 24x7 by a shift of the 12-14 Control Room ope rators with the help of the Integrated Computer...
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c364ce85-fb74-4467-8074-7bd7730972ef
National Security Applications, and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). For ICF, thermonuclear i gnition has been the long-term goal of the facility , defined as producing more energy from the DT target fusion than the 3w laser energy on the target (for example, 1. 9 MJ). The NIF was pursuing the ignition goal for ...
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duced from 14 to 3 operators. Controls and IT teams have supported the change, assuring continuity of operations of the networks, hardware and ICCS in a non -shot, monitor- ing mode. Figure 2: NIF Control with COVID -19 personnel protec- tions: plexiglass screens, masks, traffic barriers . Soon after the U.S. Ce...
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346c8bb9-1e5e-4b96-8cbd-832144657cf3
welcomed by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Admin- istration [ 2,3]. While initially the restarted operations progressed slowly and deliberately , soon the shot rate had ramped up to normal, and control teams had to address the need for support and maintenance activities such as ICCS releases. Traditionally, ...
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b196f393-0b61-43dd-a31c-8862a69ae466
and troubleshooting, ICCS software engineers were pre- sent in the NIF Control Room (Fig. 4) . Now, with the Con- trol Room access limited to operator shift only, and most of the software group s and IT teams working r emotely from their homes , we had to come up with new processes and tools . Figure 3: Acces...
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de534f87-478f-4e86-8a5b-bcbd85fdf46e
fice 365 for distributed “cloud ” collaboration (similar to Google Docs). Both s oftware release coordination and off - hours support have moved to these platforms (Fig. 5) [4]. EXPANDING LASER AND DIAGNOSTI CS CONTROLS CAPABILITIES With COVID -19 concerns addressed and mitigated, the control teams have return...
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0feb2a9f-31ce-443b-8d7e-3c8e381f5efe
600 rich API devices of 55 types (cameras, oscilloscopes, alignment, etc.). Figure 6: One of user interface panels developed for new Optical Thomson Scattering (OTS) Laser and Diagnostic . Several new diagnostic instruments, of varying com- plexity, are being added to ICCS every quarter. One of the most sophis...
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b004db3f-6d97-41b0-adb9-d88ce4d3b813
The design of the OTS control system and its alignment algorithms are covered by separate presentations at this conference [ 5,6]. Laser Diagnostics Controls While ICCS Target Diagnostic s capture a variety of data about behaviors of the targets, it is equally important to preci sely characterize the “driver ”...
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signed to obtain the energy measurements by placing a set of NIST -calibrated calorimeters into the target chamber, with a pinhole to separate 3w from unconverted 1w and 2w light (Fig. 8). Figure 8: Target Chamber Calorimeter . TC-CAL is a large (4.5 m+) and heavy (350 kg) mechan- ical device . ICCS developed ...
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tivated, adding over 400 control devices. In addition, a new motorized mirror pickoff was implemented, so a selected beam is automatically routed for a detailed characterization by calorimeters , oscilloscopes, cameras, and spectrometers on multiple 1w and 3w dia gnostic tables . Expanding Laser Master Oscillato...
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225da2d0-741c-4d31-a2fa-789002c9d68c
Figure 11: Laser pulse shape stability shot-to-shot im- proved 3X with the completion of 4 th Color project . Once the new hardware components and new enhanced design, the Pre-Shaped Pulse Generation (PSPG) , were uti- lized , the effort also resulted in 3X improvement in shot - to-shot stability of the laser pulse...
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ef677dd6-6fa9-4503-89bb-d9d9178d246b
rithms . The goal is to achieve 4X better short -term pulse shape stability, and better than 0.5% accuracy of actual waveform relative to the requested. Recent Achievements The multi -year efforts by NIF, LLNL and the broad sci- entific community to better understand and control ICF processes continue to pa y ...
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58875830-7d75-4e96-ad88-28c2c1758d7d
24x7 availability , continuous expansion of capabilities, and efficiency optimizations to produce even more high-qual- ity data. And since our facilities represent significant in- vestment of public funds and human capital, we also need to assure that facilities will continue t o produce knowledge for the next 10 ...
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57f62293-e2fe-4f13-b447-3fa2ed5e41e1
GigE drivers, mak ing these systems diskless for high avail- ability, consistency, and cyber security [11]. Looking further , we will be migrating a variety of NIF embedded controllers from aging PC104/VxWorks units to a modern, small factor platform. To support a broader range of R&D laser projects within P...
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af30aba9-da5b-43fa-ab83-5b32c8284ca6
has started to pay off, with fusion energy outputs rising, bringing NIF to the threshold of thermonuclear igniti on. Increased neutron yields attach new urgency to already planned sustainability efforts. Some of the video camera systems in the Target Bay will need to be replaced sooner than originally planned : t...
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1b8100d1-c5e2-4dda-bc0a-91980c1058cc
REFERENCES [1] M. L. Spaeth et al., “Description of the NIF Laser," Fusion Sci. Technol ., vol. 69, p.25 -145, Mar. 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/FST15 -144 [2] COVID -19 Protocols Keep NIF on Track , https://lasers.llnl.gov/news/covid -19-proto- cols-keep-nif-on-track [3] National Nuclear Security Admin...
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2b92f9ec-9c29-4513-9571-5bc338686b77
cal Thompson Scattering (OTS) Diagnostic ”, presented at ICALEPCS2021, Shanghai, PRC, Oc t. 2021 , this conference. [6] A. Awwal et al., “Image Processing Alignment Algorithms for the Optical Thomson Scattering Laser at the National
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f6d15e05-bfdf-410c-a494-0a5be930992d
Ignition Facility ”, presented at ICALEPCS2021, Shanghai , PRC, Oct . 2021 , this conference. [7] R. Wilson et al., “Experiences with Laser Survey Instrument Based Approach to National Ignition Facility Diagnostic Alignments ”, presented at ICALEPCS2017, Barcelona, Spain, October 2017 . [8] Di Nicola, J. M., ...
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b50aa4cf-15fb-4802-8077-7e8e35779f0b
of a 24x7 Operational Facility: Key Lessons Learned and Success Strategies from the NIF Control System Moderni- zation ”, presented at 17th International Conference on Ac- celerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems (ICALEPCS201 9), New York, U.S.A , October 201 9. [11] V. Gopalan et al., “Modernizin...
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70b950d5-68d3-4ee9-a363-a81f0d7fa0f5
PREPARATION OF PAPERS FOR JACoW CONFERENCES∗ A. N. Author†, H. Coauthor, Name of Institute or Affiliation, City, Country P. Contributor1, Name of Institute or Affiliation, City, Country 1also at Name of Secondary Institute or Affiliation, City, Country Abstract Many conference series have adopted the same standards for...
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for electronic publication at www.JACoW.org. The abstract itself is to act as a stand-alone entity and, as such, should not include citations. Any acronyms should be expanded on theirfirstoccurrence, bothinthe abstractandin therestof the paper. The abstract itself is to act as a stand-alone entity and, as such, should ...
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