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Basic Programming 2
Description:
You think you can code?
This problem will test you on various basic programming
techniques.
You are given two integers $N$ and $t$; and then an array $A$ of $N$ integers ($0$-based indexing).
Based on the value of $t$,
you will perform an action on $A$.
$t$
Action... | 26,400 |
Basic Remains
Description:
Given a base $b$ and
two non-negative base-$b$
integers $p$ and
$m$, compute $p \bmod m$ and print the result as a
base $b$ integer.
$p \bmod m$ is defined as
the smallest non-negative integer $k$ such that $p = am + k$ for some integer
$a$.
## Input
Input consi... | 26,401 |
Basin City Surveillance
Description:
Basin City is known for her
incredibly high crime rates. The police see no option but to
tighten security. They want to install traffic drones at
different intersections to observe who’s running on a red
light. If a car runs a red light, the drone will chase and sto... | 26,402 |
Basketball One-on-One
Description:
Alice and Barbara played some friendly games of one-on-one
basketball after work, and you agreed to help them keep score.
The rules of the game were simple:
* Each successful shot by a player earns them either one
or two points;
* The first player to eleven points w... | 26,403 |
Batch GCD
Description:
As we know, the security of the RSA problem relies on the
difficulty of factoring integers. Generally, the RSA modulus is
generated as follows:
* Pick two large prime integers $p$ and $q$,
* Compute $n = p \cdot
q$.
Pick two large prime integers $p$ and $q$,
Compute $n = p \c... | 26,404 |
Batmanacci
Description:
The Fibonacci sequence can be defined as
follows:
We get the sequence $1, 1, 2,
3, 5, 8, 13, 21, \ldots $. But there are many
generalizations of the Fibonacci sequence. One of them is to
start with other numbers, like:
And we get the sequence $5, 4,
9, 13, 22, 35, 57, \ldo... | 26,405 |
Bats!
Description:
Sweet Apple Acres has been infested by evil fruit-hungry
bats! The Apple family has called for Twilight Sparkle’s help
to get rid of them.
Twilight needs to use a powerful spell to eliminate the
threat the bats pose. Poring through the volumes of magic
books, she found an ancient sp... | 26,406 |
Batter Up
Description:
While the Chicago Cubs were ecstatic with their 2016 World
Series championship, they were eliminated from the playoffs in
2017. Looking ahead to 2018 they are beginning to embrace the
more data-driven analysis of player’s values known as
Sabermetrics.
For example, a player’s bat... | 26,407 |
Battle Simulation
Description:
A terrible monster is rampaging through Neo Tokyo 5! The
Earth Defense Force (EDF) has sent a mech unit1 to defeat the monster. Because there
is only a single mech unit available after previous monster
rampages, the EDF has decided to simulate the upcoming battle
between ... | 26,408 |
Battle of Hogwarts
Description:
The enemies are coming to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry. Please help Harry and his friends defend the
school!
Hogwarts can be viewed as a grid with $r$ rows and $c$ columns. The rows are numbered
from $1$ to $r$ from top to bottom, and the
columns are numbe... | 26,409 |
Battle of Pokenom
Description:
In order to become the very best Pokenom trainer, Bash - the
Pokenom trainer - must first understand the Pokenom battle
rules.
A Pokenom battle between two Pokenom trainers $A$ and $B$ goes as follow: First, each
Pokenom trainer must choose one Pokenom. For simplicity, let’s... | 26,410 |
Battleship
Description:
When playing battleship, players take turns trying to sink
the other players navy. Each player may take shots at one
coordinate at once. If he hits one of his enemy’s ships and the
enemy has any other ships left, he may continue. Else, the
other player may take shots. After hitt... | 26,411 |
Baza
Description:
The longest common prefix of two words is the longest word
that both words start with. For example, the longest common
prefix of the words “identity” and “idealistic” is the word
“ide”. A database contains $N$ words.
The algorithm to search for a query word $W$ in the database is primiti... | 26,412 |
Bazaar
Description:
In an epic but tiny pirate game, several players compete for
resources in order to gain a large enough booty to bury at
deserted islands. After pillaging resources from peaceful
settlements, players need to visit the bazaar in order to
exchange their goods for pieces o’ eight to add... | 26,413 |
Bazen
Description:
Mirko and Slavko have built a grand new pool in front of
their weekend getaway. The pool is an isosceles right triangle,
with legs of length 250.
Everything was perfect, girls were coming, the DJ was
coming, and the parties were wild. But, a problem arose when
they started serving f... | 26,414 |
Beacons
Description:
In ancient times, communication was not as swift as it is
today. When a kingdom was at war, it could take months to
muster all the armed forces. But by using fire-lit beacons at
strategic locations, it was still possible to quickly send
emergency signals.
When the first beacon is ... | 26,415 |
Beaking spackwards
Description:
The Danish communication robots KA-1 and Androia love
beaking spackwards: They switch parts of words and are
endlessly amused by the results. For instance, the word
“sodavand” becomes “vodasand” and “vaskeklud” becomes
“klaskevud.”
The rule is that string $x$ is said to... | 26,416 |
Bearly Made It
Description:
Barney the polar has wandered off on an adventure. Lost in
thought, he suddenly realizes he has strayed too far from his
mother and is stuck on an ice shelf. He can still see her in
the distance, but the only way back is by crossing a group of
other ice shelves, all of which... | 26,417 |
Beast Bullies
Description:
There are some animals with distinct strength levels getting
water from a watering hole. The more animals that are at the
watering hole the less water each animal will get. For this
reason some of the animals will try to force the others to
leave.
Periodically the weakest an... | 26,418 |
Beat the Spread!
Description:
Superbowl Sunday is nearly here. In order to pass the time
waiting for the half-time commercials and wardrobe
malfunctions, the local hackers have organized a betting pool
on the game. Members place their bets on the sum of the two
final scores, or on the absolute differen... | 26,419 |
Beautiful Bridges
Description:
The company Arch Bridges Construction (ABC) specializes
in—you guessed it—the construction of arch bridges. This
classical style of bridge is supported by pillars that extend
from the ground below the bridge. Arches between pillars
distribute the bridge’s weight onto the ... | 26,420 |
Beautiful Primes
Description:
John Nash is a talented mathematician at Princeton. Due to
his prolific contributions in academia, he was even recruited
to the Pentagon at a young age to crack enemy encrypted
telecommunication. In his first task, John was able to decipher
the code mentally, much to the a... | 26,421 |
Beautiful Square
Description:
Harry loves drawing. Harry also loves squares. Today, Harry
is going to draw a square.
Harry’s square can be divided into $n \cdot n$ unit squares. Let’s number
the rows from $1$ to
$n$ from top to bottom.
Similarly, let’s number the columns from $1$ to $n$, from left to ... | 26,422 |
Beavergnaw
Description:
When chomping a tree the beaver cuts a very specific shape
out of the tree trunk. What is left in the tree trunk looks
like two frustums of a cone joined by a cylinder with the
diameter the same as its height. A very curious beaver tries
not to demolish a tree but rather sort ou... | 26,423 |
Bee House Perimeter
Description:
Alice is a queen bee living in Beeland (a honeycomb
structure described by $R$, the number of cells of the side
of honeycomb). The cells in Beeland are numbered from
$1$ to $R^3 - (R-1)^3$ in row major order.
For example for $R = 3$,
the Beeland that Alice lives in ... | 26,424 |
Bee Problem
Description:
You are a busy little bee, and you have a problem. After
collecting nectar all day long, you are returning to the
beehive with a large supply of honey. You would really like to
take a nap now, but sadly, you have to store all the honey in
your beehive first. Opening up a cell i... | 26,425 |
Beehives
Description:
Bill’s hives all exist on a plane, and he knows some
distance d such that two hives within $d$ of each other will fight, and both
will produce sour honey. If a hive does not fight with any
other hives, it produces sweet honey. Given $d$ and the positions of $N$ beehives, output how ma... | 26,426 |
Beehives
Description:
Bees are one of the most industrious insects. Since they
collect nectar and pollen from flowers, they have to rely on
the trees in the forest. For simplicity they numbered the
$n$ trees from
$0$ to $n - 1$. Instead of roaming around all
over the forest, they use a particular l... | 26,427 |
Beekeeper
Description:
Bill’s affinity for a word is determined by how many pairs
of double vowels it has, where vowels are the letters
{a,e,i,o,u,y}. Given a list of words, find the word that has
the most pairs of double vowels, as it will be Bill’s favorite
word.
Notes:
* It is guaranteed that ther... | 26,428 |
Beep Code
Description:
Aecepece is having computer problems. Their computer will
not turn on, and is producing a beeping sound which is supposed
to help diagnose the issue, but they cannot seem to analyze it
by ear. Your task is to analyze a recording of this beeping
sound to determine what the problem... | 26,429 |
Beetle
Description:
A beetle finds itself on a thin horizontal branch. “Here
I am on a thin horizontal branch,” thinks the beetle,
“I feel pretty much like on an x-axis!”. It surely is
a beetle of deep mathematical thought.
There are also $n$
drops of dew on that same branch, each holding $m$ units of... | 26,430 |
Befunge
Description:
Befunge is a two-dimensional, stack-based, self-modifying
programming language, described as a cross between Forth and
Lemmings. It was created in 1993 by Chris Pressey. A Befunge
program is written on a $25\times
80$ torus of characters; control flow is choreographed
by follow... | 26,431 |
Begin The Offensive
Description:
Miku Nakano is smitten over her tutor
Fuutaro Uesugi. However, she knows
competition is stiff. The other $4$ quintuplets have begun scheming
elaborate plans in order to win over Fuu-kun’s heart. Despite the odds, Miku wants to remain true to herself. Miku recently has been ... | 26,432 |
Being Solarly Systematic
Description:
Professor Braino Mars is one of the top researchers in the
field of solar system creation. He runs various simulations to
test out his theories on planet formation, but he’s old school
and all of these simulations are done by hand. It’s time for
Braino to enter the... | 26,433 |
Bela
Description:
Young Mirko is a smart, but mischievous boy who often
wanders around parks looking for new ideas. This time he’s come
across pensioners playing the card game Belote. They’ve invited
him to help them determine the total number of points in a
game.
Each card can be uniquely determined ... | 26,434 |
Bell Ringing
Description:
Method ringing is used to ring bells in churches,
particularly in England. Suppose there are $6$ bells that have $6$ different pitches. We assign the
number $1$ to the bell
highest in pitch, $2$ to
the second highest, and so on. When the $6$ bells are rung in some order—each
... | 26,435 |
Bendilfærslur
Description:
Níels is very forgetful and has a lot of domains. When he
was setting up his website he forgot what domain the site had,
but thankfully he had written down the IP address that the
website was on. Now Níels needs to use the IP address to look
up the domain so he can share the ... | 26,436 |
BergMál
Description:
Now all the world’s programmers are trying to figure out how
you program in BergMál, so they have worked together to put a
keylogger on Bergur’s computer. The keylogger then sends back
what keys Bergur presses and in what order. Can you take the
info that the keylogger sent and rew... | 26,437 |
Bergur
Description:
Bergur has decided to go to a Hot Yoga class to burn some
fat. Bergur doesn’t think it’s good enough to just regularly
attend Hot Yoga classes, he wants to always stay at least as
long as he did the previous day. That is to say, Bergur intends
to show up for Hot Yoga every day for t... | 26,438 |
Berry Battle
Description:
Berry picking is hard work, but also a peaceful and relaxing
experience. After a long day of picking, it is common to see
nothing but berries once you close your eyes to sleep. As your
mind drifts into unconciousness, the berries will start living
their own life and create all... | 26,439 |
Berry Battle 2
Description:
Erik and his grandpa often go to the forest to pick
blueberries. Grandpa always finds the most berries, and even
though it is not a competition, Erik has had enough of this. He
has observed that grandpa uses a simple greedy strategy to pick
as many berries as possible. With ... | 26,440 |
Best Before
Description:
Given a possibly ambiguous date “$A/B/C$”, where $A, B, C$ are integers between
$0$ and $2999$, output the earliest possible
legal date between Jan 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2999 (inclusive)
using them as day, month and year (but not necessarily in that
order).
Recall that a year is... | 26,441 |
Best Compression Ever
Description:
Being educated in Computer Science and Mathematics is not
always easy. Especially not if you have “friends” who
repeatedly insist on showing you their new “proofs” that P
equals NP, that the Riemann Hypothesis is true, and so on.
One of your friends recently claims to ha... | 26,442 |
Best Compromise
Description:
There is a saying “a good compromise makes no one happy”. As
distressing as that may be, I guess most people still think it
is a good idea to seek the best agreement. The problem though,
is to define the measure in which the word “best” gets a
meaning. Let us consider $n$ p... | 26,443 |
Best Investing
Description:
Geraldine has designed a fantastic investment portfolio that
is guaranteed to grow at $r\%
$ every year, and she wants to maximize how much she can
get out of it. Starting now and for the next $y$ years, she can either deposit
money into or withdraw money from her account (b... | 26,444 |
Best Rational Approximation
Description:
Many microcontrollers have no floating point unit but do
have a (reasonably) fast integer divide unit. In these cases it
may pay to use rational values to approximate floating point
constants. For instance,
is a quite good approximation to
A best rational approxim... | 26,445 |
Best Relay Team
Description:
As the name of the event implies, such a sprint relay
consist of $4$ legs,
$100$ meters each. One
would think that the best team would simply consist of the
$4$ fastest $100$ m runners in the nation, but
there is an important detail to take into account: flying
star... | 26,446 |
Besta gjöfin
Description:
Sigrún got a lot of presents from all the guests that
attended her birthday party today. She has opened all the gifts
and noticed that they weren’t equally fun.
She made a list of all the gifts she got, from whom she got
each gift and a number denoting how much she enjoyed the gi... | 26,447 |
Better Productivity
Description:
ACME Inc. is reorganizing their factory, in order to
maximize their productivity of useless trinkets. The new
factory design consists of $p$ independent and identical
production lines. Each production line can be assigned some
number of workers.
The actual work is of c... | 26,448 |
Betting
Description:
The popular streaming platform switch.tv just unveiled their
newest feature: switch betting. Streamers can now get their
viewers to bet on two different options using switch points
(patented).
Each viewer bets some number of switch points for one of the
two options. The total amou... | 26,449 |
Between Dark and Dawn
Description:
Princess Celestia and Princess Luna will soon be abdicating
the throne to allow for the formal succession of their protégée
Princess Twilight Sparkle. In the transition, they have decided
to go on vacation, giving Twilight some experience in managing
the matters of th... | 26,450 |
Biased Standings
Description:
Usually, results of competitions are based on the scores of
participants. However, we are planning a change for the next
year of IPSC. During the registration each team will be able to
enter a single positive integer – their preferred place in the
ranklist. We would take a... | 26,451 |
Bicikli
Description:
A bicycle race is being organized in a land far, far away.
There are $N$ towns in the
land, numbered $1$ through
$N$. There are also
$M$ one-way roads between
the towns. The race will start in town $1$ and end in town $2$.
How many different ways can the route be set? Two rout... | 26,452 |
Bidirectional Code
Description:
For communication through space between earth and
satellites, one cannot simply transmit a message in the same
way as cellular communication like 4G. Because of the extremely
long distance a signal travels, the message might be distorted
by noise.
Throughout the years, ... | 26,453 |
Big And
Description:
You are building a boolean circuit and need to compute the
logical AND of a collection of
source signals. The problem is that you only have
access to a collection of identical AND gates that take two boolean inputs (i.e.
True or False) and outputs a single boolean value that
is... | 26,454 |
Big Boxes
Description:
Brandon Greg Jr. is moving to the United States to double
his salary. He has $n$
items that he needs to pack into $k$ big boxes. The $n$ items are currently arranged in a
row, and Brandon doesn’t want to bother reordering them, so he
will partition the $n$
items into $k$ grou... | 26,455 |
Big Brother
Description:
A good CCTV camera is expensive, so ideally you would only
use one. It would obviously have to be placed somewhere where
the entire office floor can be overlooked, so there are no
walls blocking some dark corner of the floor where your
workforce might hide.
While looking at th... | 26,456 |
Big Data
Description:
Today everyone is talking about big data. As a renowned data
provider in the area, you now have $N$ precious pieces of data. You want
to sell all $N$ pieces of
data to $N$ customers. You
can sell multiple pieces of data (including all and none) to a
single customer. However, e... | 26,457 |
Big Factoring
Description:
You are given a positive integer $n$ and should print the prime factors
of $n$.
## Input
The first and only line of input contains a positive integer
$2 \leq n \leq
10^{24}$.
## Output
Print the prime factors of $n$ in ascending order. If a prime
factor occurs multiple ti... | 26,458 |
Big Integers
Description:
Nick is preparing a problem for a programming contest about
comparing big integers. He has decided on the input format for
the integers: They will be expressed in base 62, with
$0$ through $9$ representing digit values
$0$ through $9$, lowercase letters a through z
represe... | 26,459 |
Big Totoro
Description:
Big Totoro is currently eating big acorns. There are
$N$ big acorns, each with
some size $s_i$.
Big Totoro starts off at size $K$. After eating a big acorn, Big
Totoro adds the size of that big acorn onto his current size.
However, Big Totoro can only eat a big acorn if the big... | 26,460 |
Big Truck
Description:
Your boss has hired you to drive a big truck, transporting
items between two locations in a city. You’re given a
description of the city, with locations of interest and the
lengths of roads between them. Your boss requires that you take
a shortest path between the starting and en... | 26,461 |
Biggest Slice
Description:
You are sharing a large, circular pizza with $n-1$ of your friends. Your technique
for slicing the pizza is shown in Figure 1; you rotate the
pizza clockwise about its center by angle $\theta $, and then you make a slice
from the center of the pizza straight to the right. You rep... | 26,462 |
Bijele
Description:
Mirko has found an old chessboard and a set of pieces in his
attic. Unfortunately, the set contains only white pieces, and
apparently an incorrect number of them. A set of pieces
should contain:
* One king
* One queen
* Two rooks
* Two bishops
* Two knights
* Eight pawns
One king... | 26,463 |
Bike Gears
Description:
Many multi-gear (multi-speed) bicycles have a drivetrain
mechanism that is structured as follows: the pedals are
attached to a front set of sprockets (toothed wheels), which is
connected by a chain to a back set of sprockets, which in turn
is attached to the rear wheel. The chai... | 26,464 |
Bike Parking
Description:
Sanne recently conceived a lucrative business idea: renting
out premium bike parking at the Eindhoven train station. To
maximize her profits, she divided the bike parking slots into
$N$ different tiers,
numbered from $0$ to
$N-1$. Tier 0, the premium
tier, is located v... | 26,465 |
Bikes and Barricades
Description:
Scott wants to ride his bike along a straight road. But the
road has some barricades! Scott will ride his bike up to the
first barricade and stop.
Model Scott’s straight road as the positive $Y$ axis, with Scott starting at the
origin. The barricades are line segments, sp... | 26,466 |
Bikes vs Cars
Description:
In Lund, biking is a very common method of transportation.
But it is sometimes difficult to fit both cars and cyclists on
the narrow streets. To improve the situation, the local
governor wants to completely redesign the local street
network.
There are $N$ important
locat... | 26,467 |
Biking Duck
Description:
Duckburg has recently started providing a very eco-friendly
way of public transport: bikes. At many bike stations
throughout the city, one can pick up a free bike, ride it to
another bike station, and drop it there. This gives Gladstone
two ways of transportion: on foot or by b... | 26,468 |
Bilateral Projects
Description:
However, money is tight and a new policy has been created:
the CEO wants at least one person from each project, and
additionally, she wants to invite as few people as possible.
This is where you come in. In order to help your friend get a
ticket to Barbados, you are to w... | 26,469 |
Bilað Lyklaborð
Description:
Sigurjón’s keyboard stopped working the other day when he
accidentally spilled soda all over it. After this the keyboard
has started, likely as an act of revenge, to sometimes type a
character multiple times when Sigurjón presses a key. Sigurjón
is furious over his keyboard... | 26,470 |
Billboards
Description:
There are $n$ wonderful
sponsors in total, so to be fair, we would like to give each of
them $1/n$ of the total
area of the billboard. However, this is complicated by the fact
that each marvelous sponsor potentially values sections of the
billboard differently. For example, ... | 26,471 |
Billiard
Description:
In a billiard table with horizontal side $a$ inches and vertical side
$b$ inches, a ball is
launched from the middle of the table. After $s > 0$ seconds the ball returns to
the point from which it was launched, after having made
$m$ bounces off the
vertical sides and $n$
b... | 26,472 |
Binary Choosing
Description:
Two years have passed, and Binary Town is having its next
round of biennial elections.1 The “binary
voting” system from last time confused a lot of people, so the
citizens have decided to not vote at all this year and instead
choose one citizen uniformly at random to become... | 26,473 |
Binary Exponentiation
Description:
You are given non-negative integers $a, e, m$ and should print
$a^e \pmod{m}$.
## Input
The first and only line of input contains non-negative
integers $a, e, m \leq
10^{18}$ separated by a space. We also have $m \geq 2$.
## Output
Print $a^e
\pmod{m}$.
**Sample ... | 26,474 |
Binary Heap
Description:
Your task is to implement a binary max-heap
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_heap)
in C++.
Your heap should have the time complexities $O(\log n)$ for the insert and remove
operations, and $O(1)$ for
the size and maximum operations.
## Template
You can download the templ... | 26,475 |
Binary Search
Description:
You are given an undirected graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Each vertex $v$ has a number $a_v$ written on it. This number is
either $0$ or $1$. A walk is a sequence
$v_1v_2 \dots v_k$ of
vertices in the graph such that any two consecutive vertices
are connected by an e... | 26,476 |
Binary Tree
Description:
A Binary Tree is a tree data structure where each node has
at most two children, distinguished as left and
right child, and the node having the children is
called the parent of those children.
An instruction string is a string consisting of the letters
L, R and
U. L stands... | 26,477 |
Binary Voting
Description:
Binary Town is holding its biennial elections. All
$k$ positions on its
council are open, and as usual Notnomde and Yraglac are the
only ones running for each position.
Having long since abandoned quaint majority voting, Binary
Town uses binary voting instead. In binary voti... | 26,478 |
Binary search tree
Description:
A binary search tree is a tree in which every node has at
most two children nodes (a left and a right child). Each node
has an integer written inside it. If the number $X$ is written inside a node, then the
numbers in its left subtree are less than $X$ and the numbers in its... | 26,479 |
Bing It On
Description:
Bing wants to showcase its clear superiority over Alphabet’s
lesser known search engine in the great bing-it challenge of
2016. In order to do this, they have pulled out all the stops
and decided to hire the very best of the best of Norwegian
engineers to do the work for them. B... | 26,480 |
Bingo Ties
Description:
Bingo is a game of chance played by a group of players. Each
player has his or her own bingo card with a $5$-by-$5$ grid of numbers. Each number
appears at most once per card. The bingo caller calls out a
sequence of randomly drawn numbers, and the players mark the
numbers that ... | 26,481 |
Bingo for the Win!
Description:
Bingo is a game of chance for multiple players. Each player
receives a sheet with some numbers, and a game master then
calls out these numbers in a random order. Players cross off
the numbers that they have heard, and the first player to cross
off all their numbers wins ... | 26,482 |
Bio Trip
Description:
Ollie MacDonald is in charge of a biological reserve used to
study the nesting habits of birds. Scattered throughout the
reserve are various types of nesting boxes, and one of Ollie’s
tasks is to regularly check on the boxes. The only way to
travel between the boxes is via a set o... | 26,483 |
Biometrics
Description:
A simple biometric system translates a human image into a
polygon by considering certain features (eyes, nose, ears,
etc.) to be vertices and connecting them with line segments.
The polygon has distinct vertices but may be degenerate in that
the line segments could intersect. Be... | 26,484 |
Bipartite Battle
Description:
A Bipartite Graph is an undirected graph whose vertices can
be partitioned into $2$
sets such that, for each edge $(u, v)$, $u$ and $v$ belong to different sets.
Socket has challenged Bash to a Bipartite Battle. In the
Bipartite Battle, Bash and Socket play a game with Bipart... | 26,485 |
Bird Rescue
Description:
Polly the Parrot is sitting at the top of her favorite tree
in Manhattan. In Manhattan, the roads are either avenues; going
north to south, or streets; going east to west. The avenues are
numbered $0$, $1$, $2$, and so on, from east to west,
with avenue $0$ being the
easter... | 26,486 |
Birds on a Wire
Description:
There is a long electrical wire of length $\ell $ centimetres between two poles
where birds like to sit. After a long day at work you like to
watch the birds on the wire from your balcony. Some time ago
you noticed that they don’t like to sit closer than
$d$ centimetres fro... | 26,487 |
Birthday Boy
Description:
Bobby has just joined a new company, and human resources has
asked him to note his birthday on the office calendar. Bobby
the Birthday Boy wants to feel special! Also, Bobby the
Birthday Boy does not mind lying for attention.
He notices that the longer people have not celebrated ... | 26,488 |
Birthday Cake
Description:
On his birthday, John’s parents made him a huge birthday
cake! Everyone had a wonderful dinner, and now it’s time to eat
the cake. There are $n$
candles on the cake. John wants to divide the cake into
$n$ pieces so that each
piece has exactly one candle on it, and there a... | 26,489 |
Birthday Candles
Description:
Minka the Martian is celebrating their birthday with many
friends. Similar to Earth birthdays, the occasion is
commemorated by blowing candles out on a cake. However, on Mars
the candles are placed on the cake differently: each of the
$N$ guests attending the
party wil... | 26,490 |
Birthday Gift
Description:
It’s your Venusian friend’s birthday. You don’t remember
their exact age, but you are sure it had to be no more than
$10^{18}$ years. You will
give them a decimal number (without leading zeros) for their
birthday. You want the number of digits to be equal to their
age. To... | 26,491 |
Birthday Memorization
Description:
Krarkl wants to learn the birthdays of all his $N$ friends, so he knows whom to
congratulate each day. Unfortunately collisions sometimes
arise, meaning several friends may have the same birthday. This
may confuse Krarkl, so he decided to only remember the birthday
of... | 26,492 |
Birthday Paradox
Description:
The Birthday Paradox is the name given to the surprising
fact that if there are just $23$ people in a group, there is a
greater than $50\% $
chance that a pair of them share the same birthday. The
underlying assumptions for this are that all birthdays are
equally likel... | 26,493 |
Birthday Party
Description:
Consider this example: James has three friends: Lucy, Sue,
and Mark. James is friends with all three of them, but
unfortunately he doesn’t have Mark’s phone number so he can’t
invite him directly. However, Sue has Mark’s number (and vice
versa) so she can invite Mark to Jame... | 26,494 |
Bishops
Description:
Yesterday was Sam’s birthday. The most interesting gift was
definitely the chessboard. Sam quickly learned the rules of
chess and defeated his father, all his friends, his little
sister, and now no one wants to play with him any more.
So he decided to play with another birthday gift –... | 26,495 |
Bit 4 Bit
Description:
The two robots ZF3 and XG2 are the hosts of the music show
Bit 4 Bit. On the show, they play all kinds of songs,
from the famous Chips Ahoy Matey to the lesser known
ones, like The Funky Algorithm. Now, they only need
some playlists for the next season!
ZF3 and XG2 start out wit... | 26,496 |
Bit Game
Description:
Alice and Bob play the following game. First, their mother
picks a subset of non-negative integers less than $2^{20}$. Alice then writes down
either $0$ or $1$ on a piece of paper. Starting with
Alice, they now alternate appending either $0$ or $1$ to the number currently on the
p... | 26,497 |
Bit by Bit
Description:
A brand new Ultra-CISC microprocessor has a collection of
instructions for manipulating individual bits of one of its
32-bit registers. The instructions work as described in the
following table. In all cases, bit zero is the low-order bit
and bit 31 is the high-order bit. The re... | 26,498 |
Bitaflipp
Description:
A Turing machine consists of two main parts. Firstly there
is a tape divided into small cells, which are numbered in
increasing order from $1$.
On each cell there is either a $0$ or a $1$. Above this tape here is a head.
This head is over one cell at a time, but it can move back ... | 26,499 |
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