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Magic Trick Description: You are performing a magic trick with a special deck of cards. You lay out the cards in a row from left to right, face up. Each card has a lower-case letter on it. Two cards with the same letter are indistinguishable. You select an audience member to perform an operation on th...
28,700
Magic Word Square Description: Cornelius has always enjoyed the fact that his name has nine unique letters. Recently he wrote his name as a $3 \times 3$ grid, but was disappointed to find that none of the rows or columns made words. Now he is wondering: is there a set of eight words such that a $3 \tim...
28,701
Magical Cows Description: Baxter Scott owns The Enlightened Dairy Co., a dairy company with magical cows. Early each morning, he brushes his teeth, strolls outside, and finds that the cows have doubled in number. With double the number of cows, he can produce double the quantity of milk. While he is ec...
28,702
Magical Crystals Description: There are $n$ cities in the Magical Island, numbered from $1$ to $n$. These cities are connected by $n-1$ bi-directional roads such that there is a unique path between every pair of cities. Each road has a congestion factor. The traffic condition on the Magical Island ...
28,703
Magical Distances Description: There are $n$ cities in the Magical Island, numbered from $1$ to $n$. These cities are connected by $m$ bi-directional roads such that there exists a path between every pair of cities. There may be multiple roads between two cities. Each road has a positive length. M...
28,704
Magical GCD Description: The Magical GCD of a nonempty sequence of positive integers is defined as the product of its length and the greatest common divisor of all its elements. Given a sequence $(a_1, \ldots , a_ n)$, find the largest possible Magical GCD of its connected subsequences. ## Input The...
28,705
Magical Mystery Knight's Tour Description: A knight’s tour on a rectangular board of $n$ rows and $m$ columns of squares (traditionally $8$-by-$8$) is a labelling of the squares by integers $1$ through $n \cdot m$ so that label $n+1$ is a knight’s move from label $n$. That is, $2$ squares horiz...
28,706
Magical Runes Description: You maintain a very nice collection of magical runes. They generally come in two types, type A and type B. You have arranged your runes on a shelf to show them off. Because they are magical runes, they change each day. That is, at the start of each day the leftmost rune will...
28,707
Magical String Description: Lajuk loves to play with magic, especially with a magical string. A magical string consists of $N$ lowercase English characters which has no substring containing $3$ or more identical characters, e.g., “aabbaacbb”, “icpc”, “asia”, “singapore” are magical strings. On the...
28,708
Magnesium Supplementation Description: At a recent doctor’s appointment, Brandon has been marked as being deficient in magnesium. His doctor has advised him to take exactly some number of picograms of magnesium a day. His doctor can prescribe pills that have any integer number of picograms of magnesium...
28,709
Mahjong Madness Description: Mahjong is an ancient game similar to poker, where players build hands of tiles to win. You are playing a very simple version of the game, where there is only one player and one “suit” of tiles. Tiles can be numbered from $1-9$, and there are a total of $4$ of each numbered...
28,710
Majority Card Description: You are going to play a Majority1 Card game. In this game, there will be a deck of cards, initially empty. Each card is labelled with a number between $1$ to $2~ 000~ 000~ 000$ (or just between $1$ to $20$ on some occasions.) You will play the game in $N$ rounds, consecut...
28,711
Majstor Description: Rock-paper-scissors is a popular two-player game. In the game, each of the players uses their hand to show one of three symbols: rock, paper or scissors. If both players show the same symbol, the game is a tie. Otherwise, scissors beat paper, paper beats rock and rock beats scissor...
28,712
Majór Skýrsla Description: You have been assigned the task of ordering and preparing a report for a British major. This major does mathematics research in his spare time, so he appreciates patterns and sequences in everything he sees. When he recieves a stack of papers he likes to consider the index of...
28,713
Make Them Meet Description: Mila and Laura have been friends online for a long time; they have never met in real life. Currently, they are both attending the same onsite event, which means that they will surely meet. However, the hotel where they both are staying is very big and confusing. Therefore, a...
28,714
Making A Meowth Description: After suffering an embarrassing defeat at the hands of Team Rocket, you come to the obvious conclusion that the only way to beat them is by teaching your own Meowth how to read. To prevent burn out, you’ve created the following study plan: your Meowth will read every $N$th pag...
28,715
Making Palindromes Description: An alphabetical string is a string consisting of $0$ or more capital letters (i.e. [‘A’..‘Z’]). Given an alphabetical string $S[1..N]$, determine the number of palindromic alphabetical strings of length $2N$ that contains $S$ as a subsequence (not necessarily contigu...
28,716
Malfunctioning Robot Description: Arthur is participating in the Vietnamese Robotic Olympiad $2\, 020$. In the first round, candidates must build a path-finding robot. More precisely, the organizers have prepared an infinite, obstacle-free grid. One candidate’s robot is placed at a starting positio...
28,717
Mali Description: Mirko and Slavko are playing a new game. Again. Slavko starts each round by giving Mirko two numbers $A$ and $B$, both smaller than 100. Mirko then has to slove the following task for Slavko: how to pair all given $A$ numbers with all given $B$ numbers so that the maximal sum of s...
28,718
Mall Mania Description: Waterloo has two giant shopping malls, each enclosing several city blocks. Kim and Pat like to shop and to walk within the malls but they don’t like walking between the malls because such walking does not contribute directly to the task at hand: shopping. They would therefore li...
28,719
Managing Packaging Description: Modern operating system distributions have tools to manage installed software, making it easy to keep the software up-to-date. Putting different pieces of software into ‘packages’ that can be installed separately keeps things simple and avoids duplicate effort and code. ...
28,720
Mancala Description: Mancala is a family of board games played around the world, sometimes called sowing games, or count-and-capture games, which describes the game play. One simple variant is a solitaire game called Tchoukaillon which was described by Véronique Gautheron. Tchoukaillon is played on...
28,721
Mandelbrot Description: Born in Warsaw, Benoît Mandelbrot (1924–2010) is considered the father of fractal geometry. He studied mathematical processes that described self-similar and natural shapes known as fractals. Perhaps his most well-known contribution is the Mandelbrot set, which is pictured below...
28,722
Manhattan Description: You are the mayor of a city with severe traffic problems. To deal with the situation, you have decided to make a new plan for the street grid. As it is impossible to make the streets wider, your approach is to make them one-way (only traffic in one direction is allowed on a stree...
28,723
Manhattan Mornings Description: As a New Yorker you are always very busy. Apart from your long work day you tend to have a very long list of errands that need to be done on any particular day. You really hate getting up early so you always end up going over your to-do list after work, but this is start...
28,724
Manhattan Positioning System Description: The Manhattan Positioning System (MPS) is a modern variant of GPS, optimized for use in large cities. MPS assumes all positions are discrete points on a regular two-dimensional grid. Within MPS, a position is represented by a pair of integers $(X,Y)$. To deter...
28,725
Manhattan Shopping Description: After attending the ProgNova contest, Peter walks out of the school to enjoy a weekend of shopping in Manhattan! Peter has a shopping list with $m$ different items (numbered $1$ to $m$) he wants to purchase. There are $n$ shopping malls in Manhattan. Each shopping mall ...
28,726
Manhattan Walk Description: It’s a grid system! You begin at the top left corner and want to walk to the bottom right corner. Every location is at integer coordinates, and has an arrow pointing down or right and a timer that, every few seconds, flips the arrow from down to right, or from right to down....
28,727
Manhattanstíflur Description: As you probably already know, the streets in Manhattan all lay north to south or east to west. Let us number the streets that go from north to south $0, 1, \dots , n$ where the $0$ is the street furthest west. Let us also number the streets going east to west $0, 1, \dots ...
28,728
Map Description: A pirate’s treasure map typically contains a series of instructions which, if followed, lead you from the landing place on a desert isle to the spot marked X where the treasure is buried. You are to construct such a series of instructions for a particular desert isle. The island is a ...
28,729
Map Colouring Description: A map maker wants to colour different countries or provinces on his maps using different colours. That is, he wants to colour countries that share a common border with a different colour. He has heard that any map can be coloured with four colours, but even after a lot of puz...
28,730
Map Tiles Description: Publishing maps is not an easy task. First you need some appropriate transformation to display the earth’s spherical shape in a two-dimensional plane. Then another issue arises – most high-quality maps are too large to be printed on a single page of paper. To cope with that, map ...
28,731
Map of Sweden Description: Vidar wants to know how large Sweden is. After a lot of effort, he has managed to launch a satellite into the atmosphere that can take several low-resolution images of Sweden for him. Unfortunately, the satellite’s camera is very poor. Each square in the image will either con...
28,732
Marathon Description: Next weekend, it’s time for the Codeville Ultramarathon, a $5\, 000$ kilometer race only for the sportiest of programmers. As it happens, you are responsible for organizing the medical coverage for the marathon. For simplicity, the race track can be seen as a single long line...
28,733
Marbles On A Tree Description: The task is to move the marbles such that each box contains exactly one marble. This is to be accomplished be a sequence of moves; each move consists of moving one marble to a box at an adjacent vertex. What is the minimum number of moves required to achieve the goal? ##...
28,734
March of the Penguins Description: Somewhere near the south pole, a number of penguins are standing on a number of ice floes. Being social animals, the penguins would like to get together, all on the same floe. The penguins do not want to get wet, so they have use their limited jump distance to get tog...
28,735
Marching Orders Description: Dean Bob Roberts is in charge of the order in which the professors of his college march in the graduation ceremonies. Because of complaints among certain professors from the newly created DEI Studies Department, it has been decided that the order in which they march should ...
28,736
Mario Description: In a final attempt to complete an impossible Super Mario level, you decided to write an AI and let it play the game for you. As a first step, we forget about badguys and only implement navigation. In this problem, you will implement navigation over a river. The river has width $W$ a...
28,737
Mario or Luigi Description: Mario and Luigi are playing a game where they pick distinct numbers $M, L$ ($0 \leq M,L < 2^{10^{18}}$). In order to place careful bets on the outcome of the game, you wish to know whose number is larger. Both Mario and Luigi have already shared their secret numbers ...
28,738
Marko Description: Good old Marko came across a new feature on his mobile phone – T9 input! His phone has a keyboard consisting of numbers looking like this: 1 2 3 abc def 4 5 6 ghi jkl mno 7 8 9 pqrs tuv wxyz In order to input a word using this keyboard, one needs to press a key multiple...
28,739
Mars Window Description: Your engineers have calculated that optimal launch windows occur once every 26 months, and that one of them occurs in April 2018. They also tell you that they will not have any Big Finished Rockets by then, so you will have to wait for a later launch window. Since your rocket ...
28,740
Marshland Rescues Description: The Marshland Accident Prevention Syndicate (or MAPS for short) has just assumed stewardship of a newly discovered marshland. The marshland is made up of areas that are solid ground and areas that are water-logged. Each water-logged area can be modelled by a convex polygo...
28,741
Martian DNA Description: As you are probably aware, human DNA can be represented as a long string over an alphabet of size four (A, C, G, T), where each symbol represents a distinct nucleobase (respectively; adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine). For martians, however, things are a bit different; resea...
28,742
Marvelous Marathon Description: A marathon race is being planned in the beautiful countryside. The course will be somewhere along a long, bidirectional, road. The organizers want to determine exactly where along this road the race should be in order to maximize the experience for the runners, so that t...
28,743
Massive Card Game Description: You and a friend have been playing a card game for a while. In the game, a player has a list of cards, each containing an integer. The goal is to guess exactly what cards the opponent has. To accomplish this, they take turns asking the opponent how many of the integers on...
28,744
Mastering Mastermind Description: Mastermind is a two-person code breaking game which works as follows. The first person (the code maker) creates a sequence of $n$ colored pegs (with duplicate colors allowed) and hides it from view. This sequence of pegs is the code. The second person (the code breake...
28,745
Matarinnkaup Description: A lot of food and drinks were sold at Nauthóll over the last few days. Now it is time to take inventory and figure out necessary purchases. This job falls to you. Given the recipes used at Nauthóll and all receipts from the past few days, how much was used of each ingredient? ...
28,746
Match Game Description: Match sticks can be used to form digital numbers. The arrangement of matches that forms each digit between ‘0’ and ‘9’ is illustrated in the figure. You are given two sequences of digits $X$ and $Y$. There are matches that have been arranged to form the digits in $X$. Can you m...
28,747
Match the Clocks Description: Toto and Moto are two retired brothers who are passionate about digital electronics, so they decide to enroll in studies at the Atlantic Circuit Programming College (ACPC). For their graduation project, they each choose to make a digital clock. As they often disagree, they...
28,748
Matchings Description: Yraglac has just finished building a robot! It’s fancy: two wheels, with an auto-balancing system, several cameras, wireless connectivity, and a sattelite dish. There’s just one little problem… He powered it up, sent it off for a test, and now it’s not responding to any inputs. ...
28,749
Matchsticks Description: Matchsticks are ideal tools to represent numbers. A common way to represent the ten decimal digits with matchsticks is the following: This is identical to how numbers are displayed on an ordinary alarm clock. With a given number of matchsticks you can generate a wide range of ...
28,750
Mate in One Description: When you are looking back in old editions of the New in Chess magazine, you find loads of chess puzzles. Unfortunately, you realize that it was way too long since you played chess. Even trivial puzzles such as finding a mate in one now far exceed your ability. But, perseveranc...
28,751
Math Homework Description: Since entering $2^\text {nd}$ grade Theta has daily math homework sheets. The problems on her worksheet usually go like this: It is always the same problem, just written in different ways: sometimes with horses, cows, sheep, goats, chickens, beetles, or even spiders – but ne...
28,752
Math Trade Description: Suppose a group of people have objects they want to trade, and objects they want to get in return: Name Has Wants Sally Clock Doll Steve Doll Painting Carlos Painting Clock Maria Candlestick Vase Notice how none of the people listed can pair off and trade with each other...
28,753
Math Worksheet Description: You are an elementary school student and you have been asked to solve a bunch of simple problems. You have to report your results in a nice pretty table. Of course, being a budding computer scientists, you are not going to solve these problems yourself; you are going to get ...
28,754
Mathemagicians Description: There are $n$ mathemagicians standing in a circle. Each mathemagician wears either a blue hat or a red hat. A mathemagician can cast a color change charm which changes the color of their hat to the same color as the hat of the mathemagician directly to the left or to the...
28,755
Matrica Description: A matrix is a rectangular table of letters. A square matrix is a matrix with an equal number of rows and columns. A square matrix $M$ is called symmetric if its letters are symmetric with respect to the main diagonal ($M_{ij} = M_{ji}$ for all pairs of $i$ and $j$). The follow...
28,756
Matrix Fraud Description: For the purposes of this problem: A matrix is a binary matrix if all its entries are $0$ or $1$. A matrix is a banded binary matrix if its rows and columns satisfy the following properties: * Every row has at least one $1$. * Every column has at least one $1$. * All $1$s in eac...
28,757
Matrix Inverse Description: Given a square $n\times n$ matrix $A$, the definition of its inverse $B=A^{-1}$ is the matrix that fulfills the equality: where $B$ and $I$ are $n\times n$ matrices, and $I$ is the identity matrix with ones along the diagonal, and zeros everywhere else: For this proble...
28,758
Matrix Keypad Description: When a button at row $i$ and column $j$ is pressed, the wire for row $i$ and the wire for column $j$ will carry an electrical current. If just a single button is pressed, it can be identified by sequentially checking if a current can be detected at each row wire and at ea...
28,759
Max Arithmetic Subsequence Description: You are given a strictly increasing array of $n$ numbers $0\leq a_1<a_2<\ldots <a_ n \leq 10^{18}$. Define an arithmetic progression subsequence as a series of indices $i_1<i_2<\ldots <i_ k$ such that $a_{i_2}-a_{i_1} = a_{i_3}-a_{i_2}\ldots = a_{i_ k}-a_{i_{k-1}...
28,760
Maximal Parentheticals Description: The Association for Curtailing Parentheses in Computations disbanded after last year’s schism regarding exponentiation. You are trying to archive and zombie-proof their documents, and have come across a series of arithmetic expressions. To make the expressions more i...
28,761
Maximal Sequences Description: The problem is simple. You are given a long sequence of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_ n$. Then you are given a query consisting of a start index $i$ and a subset of integers $B$. What is the longest consecutive subsequence of the given sequence that starts at po...
28,762
Maximizing (And Minimizing) Your Winnings Description: You are a contestant on a game show where the goal is to win as much money as you can. The game is played in a building with many numbered rooms, and starting from room 1 with no money, you take a fixed number of turns. For each turn you either stay ...
28,763
Maximizing Your Pay Description: It’s tougher to find work these days than it has been in the past. However, you are fortunate to have a job leading people on walking tours around various areas in your city. There are two interesting things about your job. First, your contract requires you to take peop...
28,764
Maximum Choice Description: Bryan is a passenger on a voyage to a distant planet. Like the other passengers he awaits in cryosleep. However, due to a malfunction he awoke early and finds himself awake and alone. The ship’s sophisticated navigation AI, ChatHAL, is responsible for waking passengers. It ...
28,765
Maximum Clique Description: In an undirected graph, a clique is defined to be a subsets of vertices where all pairs are connected. Given such a graph, determine the size of a largest clique. ## Input The first line contains the integer $V$ ($1 \le V \le 50$) and $E$ ($0 \le E \le \frac{V(V - 1)}{2}$)...
28,766
Maximum Color Clique Description: You found a complete, undirected graph with $n$ nodes, labeled $1$ to $n$. Each edge has a color. For simplicity, each color is identified by a number between $1$ and $300$ inclusive. Interestingly, you noticed that for each and every simple cycle in this graph, there ...
28,767
Maximum Expression Description: There is an expression with $n$ question marks, and $n-1$ operators between them. The operators only include addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Here is an example: You are going to replace every question mark with a digit from $\{ 0, 1, 2\} $. After the replacem...
28,768
Maximum Fix Description: A permutation is a list of integers $a_1,a_2,\dots ,a_ n$ where every number from $1$ to $n$ appears exactly once. We can rotate a permutation $a_1,a_2,\dots ,a_ n$ by $k$ to get a new permutation $b_1,b_2,\dots ,b_ n$ by moving the first $k$ elements to the end. For ex...
28,769
Maximum Flow Description: ## Input The first line of input contains a line with four non-negative integers, $2 \le n \le 500$, $0 \le m \le 10\, 000$, $0 \le s \le n-1$ and $0 \le t \le n-1$, separated by single spaces, where $n$ is the numbers of nodes in the graph, $m$ is the number of e...
28,770
Maximum Loot Description: A burglar wants to maximize the value of his loot given that he has a limited carrying capacity. Which items should he choose? More precisely, there is for every item $i$ a value $v_{i}$ and a cost (or weight) $c_{i}$, and there is a maximum cost $C$. The object is to fin...
28,771
Maximum Number of Colinear Points Description: ## Input Input contains several test cases. Each test case begins with an integer $n$ ($1 \leq n \leq 1000$). Then follow a list of n points, one per line, each of the form $x\ y$. Coordinates are integer with absolute value bounded by 10000. The give...
28,772
Maximum Rent Description: Yan and Fen have just accepted jobs in TechValley California allowing them to pursue their childhood dream of renting the most expensive apartment in the area. Yan and Fen have decided that the rent of an apartment denoted $R$ is a function of its square footage $x$ and t...
28,773
Maximum Subarrays Description: You may have heard of the “maximum subarray problem” from your university’s undergraduate algorithms course. The problem goes like this: You are given an array $A$ of $n$ integers, and the task is to find a contiguous subarray of $A$ whose sum is maximum. For example, in ...
28,774
Maxwell's Demon Description: Relax: No knowledge of thermodynamics is needed to solve this problem. Maxwell’s demon sits in a container of height $h$ and width $2w$. The container is divided into two adjacent chambers, each of height $h$ and width $w$. An impenetrable wall separates the two chambers, and ...
28,775
Mayhem Description: You are a seasoned Fight Club member who recently stumbled upon the classified plans of Project Mayhem, a secret organization that the other members have created to bring down consumerism and corporate America. To completely destabilize modern civilization, Tyler Durden and his Proj...
28,776
Maze Description: You have been blindfolded and deposited someplace in a maze. You have no idea where you are. You do know, however, that the maze is laid out on a grid, and that each grid location is either blocked or free. In fact, you have memorized a map of the maze. Also, your magnetic personality...
28,777
Maze Movement Description: Your boss gave you the task of creating a walking maze, and you are evaluating different designs. Before you commit to one, you want to know how quickly people can move in and out of each different maze. After all, your boss is interested in making money on this venture and, ...
28,778
Maze Reduction Description: Jay runs a small carnival that has various rides and attractions. Unfortunately, times are tough. A recent roller coaster accident, flooding in the restrooms, and an unfortunate clown incident have given Jay’s carnival a bad reputation with the public. With fewer paying cust...
28,779
MazeMan Description: You now work for a video game company - every programmer’s dream! You are working on a multiplayer game where players cooperate to enter a maze and try to consume all of the “dots” as quickly as possible. Each player enters the maze at a different entrance. The mazes are randomly g...
28,780
MeTube Description: You know that you should be sleeping by now... but you are going to just watch some more MeTube before going to bed. On MeTube, there are number of categories you are interested in. Each video on MeTube can belong to one or more categories. Before going to bed, you must have watche...
28,781
Mean Words Description: Little Timmy got caught by his teacher using some mean words. After getting sent to the principal, little Timmy learned his lesson - he should do his best to not get caught next time! What Timmy decided to do is to take all the mean words that he wants to say, and combine them ...
28,782
Measuring Problem Difficulty Description: If you are the lucky one to advance to the ACM-ICPC World Finals, one of the situations you will face is the World Finals competition itself. Wait, isn’t that the main reason to go there? In the beginning of each ACM-ICPC competition, there are two separate go...
28,783
Medals Description: In general, a ranking scheme can be thought of as a vector of positive weights. This vector is multiplied with the vector of medals won by each country, and the scalar product of the two vectors defines the score of the respective country, which is then used to produce the ranking. ...
28,784
Meeting Points Description: This problem is very simple. Given $n$ lines lying in the $x$-$y$ plane, determine the number of intersection points. Here are the details: * Each line is specified by two distinct points, $(x_1, y_1)$ and $(x_2, y_2)$, through which the line passes. * All $n$ ...
28,785
Mega Inversions Description: The $n^2$ upper bound for any sorting algorithm is easy to obtain: just take two elements that are misplaced with respect to each other and swap them. Conrad conceived an algorithm that proceeds by taking not two, but three misplaced elements. That is, take three elemen...
28,786
Meltdown Description: A polygon is lowered at a constant speed of $v$ metres per minute from the air into a liquid that dissolves it at a constant speed of $c$ metres per minute from all sides. Given a point $(x,y)$ inside the polygon that moves with the polygon, determine when the liquid reaches the ...
28,787
Melting Snow Description: The snowfall in Alberta is setting records this year. At the beginning of every single day, $S$ centimeters of snow falls. At the end of every single day, $P$ percent of the snow currently on the ground melts. As a member of the Alberta Consecutive Precipitation Calculation (A...
28,788
Memories of Passport Stamps Description: You just got your new passport, fresh with pages ready to be stamped by immigration officers. Sadly, because your passport has so many pages, immigration officers are too lazy to try to use your pages efficiently, so you may need to get a new passport sooner tha...
28,789
Memory Device Description: Grandpa has a special memory device. The device’s memory is an array of length $n$, numbered from $0$ to $n-1$. The device also support $2$ operations: Allocation and Deallocation. For an allocation operation, an integer $l$ will be given. The device will have to find the le...
28,790
Memory Game Description: The game of Memory is played with $N$ pairs of cards where each pair has the same picture, i.e. there are $N$ different pictures, and each of them appear on exactly two cards. The cards are shuffled and placed face down on a large table. On each turn you flip two cards of your cho...
28,791
Memory Game Description: You’re playing memory with David. $2N$ cards are placed face down in a row, each number between $1$ and $N$ shown on two cards. The players take turns choosing two cards, if a player chooses two cards with the same number they earn a point, the cards are removed and the player ...
28,792
Memory Match Description: You are playing the game “Memory Match”. This game revolves around a set of $N$ picture cards. The cards are organized in pairs: there are $N/2$ different pictures, each picture occurring on exactly two cards. At the beginning of the game, the cards are shuffled and laid face do...
28,793
Menger Sponge Description: The Menger sponge is a simple 3D fractal. Its level-$L$ approximation can be constructed with the following algorithm: * Start with a single solid $1\times 1\times 1$ cube with opposite corners at $(0, 0, 0)$ and $(1, 1, 1)$. * For each iteration $i = ...
28,794
Menu Updates Description: Egdirbhtel is running a successful restaurant, and every day has either a new recipe idea or retires an old one. The restaurant menu uses a unique number to represent each menu item in order to help customers order items efficiently. Unfortunately, the clientele find it confus...
28,795
Meow Factor Description: While some cats are naturally chic and have an innate ability to see the meow factor of numbers, others who struggle to stay in vogue can not even tell the difference between $3\, 584$ and $4\, 711$ (the former clearly having a higher meow factor). Can you help those poor unfor...
28,796
Meow Factor 2 Description: Naturally, some strings are more stylish than others, and for cool cats it is important to engage in their string-playing pastime with style. The meow factor of a string $S$ is the minimum number of operations needed to transform $S$ into a string $S’$ which contains the word...
28,797
Mergjað Mál Description: After turning in the draft of the problems for Forritunarkeppni Háskólanna á Íslandi the results were that the prose was too terse and dated. It had to appeal to a younger audience better, to use their language. This problem exists as a response to this criticism. This sentence...
28,798
Message Description: A student wants to send to his friend a message, which is a text string $p$ consisting of only lowercase latin alphabet letters. To encrypt his message, he creates a lowercase alphabet string $h$ of size $n$ that contains $p$ as a substring. The student is curious to find out how m...
28,799