task
stringlengths
0
154k
__index_level_0__
int64
0
39.2k
Message Description: In the city where Paula lives, there is a large square. The square can be represented as a grid with $N$ rows and $M$ columns. Some of the grid cells contain engraved letters. According to a legend, these letters form a message if one walks on the cells in a specific order. To make it...
28,800
Messages from Outer Space Description: A somewhat less glamorous task then that of Agent Fox Mulder in the X-files is to analyze signals from outer space in search of messages from possibly subversive extra-terrestrials. Work of this sort is carried out at FBI’s “Cosmic Ear” division (Motto: “I want to...
28,801
Messenger Description: Misha needs to send packages to his friend Nadia. Both of them often travel across Russia, which is very large. So they decide to hire a messenger. Since the cost of the messenger service depends on the time it takes to deliver the package, they need your help to optimize a littl...
28,802
Messy lists Description: Doris has just started to program, and is participating in their first programming competition. She has encountered a problem that can be solved by sorting some cool integers. She decides to use the built-in sorting function in the revolutionary new programmering language Meows...
28,803
Metal Processing Plant Description: Yulia works for a metal processing plant in Ekaterinburg. This plant processes ores mined in the Ural mountains, extracting precious metals such as chalcopyrite, platinum and gold from the ores. Every month the plant receives $n$ shipments of unprocessed ore. Yulia n...
28,804
Metaprogramming Description: EIGER is a brand-new, made-up computer language. It’s very exciting, and very simple! EIGER only allows the programmer to do two things: define a name for an integer, and compare two names. Write a metaprogram – a program which can simulate the EIGER language. ## Input In...
28,805
Methodic Multiplication Description: The Peano axioms (named after Italian mathematican Giuseppe Peano) are an axiomatic formalization of the arithmetic properties of the natural numbers. We have two symbols: the constant $0$, and a unary successor function $S$. The natural numbers, starting at $0$...
28,806
Metro Mapping Description: Mario is currently visiting the Metro Kingdom. Unsurprisingly, he is looking forward to taking the metro to travel across the kingdom. The metro has $M$ stations and $N$ train lines. Each line $i$ passes through a subset $S_ i$ of the $M$ stations, and when Mario is r...
28,807
Metronome Description: A Metronome is a mechanical device used by musicians for keeping time. It is a very clever device, based on a spring, an inverted pendulum, and an escapement gear. Milo is learning to play the glockenspiel, and has purchased a metronome to help him keep time. Milo has noticed tha...
28,808
Mia Description: Instead, a roll is scored as follows: * Mia ($12$ or $21$) is always highest. * Next come doubles ($11$, $22$, and so on). Ties are broken by value, with $66$ being highest. * All remaining rolls are sorted such that the highest number comes first, which resu...
28,809
Micro-Row Description: You are studying $N$ microbes. The $i^\text {th}$ microbe has initial x-coordinate $P_ i$ nanometers and will travel $S_ i$ nanometers in the positive x-direction each second. All these x-coordinates are initially distinct. You know that these microbes are incredibly amorpho...
28,810
Mid Card Description: The witch Yubaba has forced Sen to play a card game to when back her and her parents’ freedom. Cards range from $1$ to $C$. Sen has an infinite number of cards for each possible value. In this game, there are $N$ rounds. Within each round $i$, Sen can win by playing a card...
28,811
Milestone Counter Description: Driving through the Irish countryside, one frequently sees enigmatic small grey stones sitting by the wayside, spaced about a kilometre and a half apart. As it turns out, these stones once had a purpose: they were milestones, intended to demarcate this venerable unit of m...
28,812
Milk Tea Battle Description: In the year 2020, to popularize computer programming amongst the wizard world, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry has invited professor Hanh to teach a new subject ‘Computer Programming’. To make his class more exciting, professor Hanh has brought an infinite amoun...
28,813
Millifærsla Description: Bjarki forgot his wallet when he went out to eat with Hlynur. Hlynur paid for him and told Bjarki that he could use the service Monnei to pay it back. Bjarki thought Monnei had the highest transaction fee, higher than the other services Fjee and Dolladollabilljoll. He told ...
28,814
Millionaire Madness Description: A close friend of yours, a duck with financial problems, has requested your help with a matter that will help him pay off his debts. He is the nephew of an extremely wealthy duck, who has a large vault, filled with mountains of coins. This wealthy duck has a certain coi...
28,815
Mine the Gradient Description: If we need to be prepared for the possible danger of an alien invasion, the first thing to do is to find out where can they come from. One way to determine if a planet is inhabited by intelligent creatures is to study high resolution pictures of planets trying to find typ...
28,816
Minecraft Dungeons Description: During the COVID-19 quarantine, Theta discovered Minecraft Dungeons which is an offshoot of the popular Minecraft game. In Minecraft Dungeons, players crawl through a dungeon, trying to accomplish a mission without getting killed by various mobs. At the end, a boss battl...
28,817
Minequake Description: The fully autonomous microbreweries installed in the abandoned Dwarven mines of Moravia are truly a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of Dwarven engineering! Alas, sometimes earthquakes rattle the mines, leading to misaligned pipes and funnels spilling precious liquid ...
28,818
Mineral deposits Description: You handle signal processing for an extra-terrestrial mining company, and your vessel is currently approaching an asteroid. Preliminary scans show the presence of $k$ mineral deposits on the asteroid, but their precise locations are unknown. The surface of the asteroid can be...
28,819
Minesweeper Description: Arnar is extremely skilled at Minesweeper, he’s been playing the game since 1989. His friend Bjarki keeps telling him that this isn’t impressive at all. Bjarki took this to heart and immediately started traning at Minesweeper. After many weeks of training Bjarki hadn’t gotten any...
28,820
Minesweeper Squared Description: If you are unfamiliar with the rules of Minesweeper, here is a description: * Each of the red-labelled cells is either empty or contains a mine. All other cells are empty. * Each cell with a blue $1$ is adjacent to exactly one mine. Two cells are said to be ...
28,821
Mini Battleship Description: Battleship is a game played by two players. Each player has their own grid, which is hidden from their opponent. Each player secretly places some ships on their grid. Each ship covers a horizontal or vertical straight line of one or more contiguous squares. Ships cannot ove...
28,822
Miniature Golf Description: A group of friends has just played a round of miniature golf. Miniature golf courses consist of a number of holes. Each player takes a turn to play each hole by hitting a ball repeatedly until it drops into the hole. A player’s score on that hole is the number of times they ...
28,823
Minimal Fibonacci Sums Description: All positive integers can be written as a sum of Fibonacci numbers (for example, the trivial solution $1 + 1 + 1 + \dots + 1$). A harder problem is to write it as the sum of as few Fibonacci numbers as possible. For example, $7$ can be written as $2 + 5$, while $12$ requ...
28,824
Minimum Cost Flow Description: You have been hired to construct a system to transport water between two points in an old factory building using some existing components of the old plumbing. The old components consist of pipes and junctions. Junctions are points where pipes may have previously been join...
28,825
Minimum Cost Maximum Flow Description: ## Input The first line of input contains a line contains a line with four non-negative integers, $2 \le n \le 250$, $0 \le m \le 5\, 000$, $0 \le s \le n-1$ and $0 \le t \le n-1$, separated by single spaces, where $n$ is the numbers of nodes in the graph...
28,826
Minimum Cut Description: Given a directed weighted graph and two vertices $s$, $t$, the goal is to find a subset $U$ of the vertices such that $s \in U$, $t \not\in U$, and the weight of edges from $U$ to $\overline{U}$ is minimized. ## Input The first line of input contains four non-nega...
28,827
Minimum Scalar Product Description: You are given two vectors $v_1=(x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_ n)$ and $v_2=(y_1,y_2,\ldots ,y_ n)$. The scalar product of these vectors is a single number, calculated as $x_1y_1+x_2y_2+\ldots +x_ ny_ n$. Suppose you are allowed to permute the coordinates of each vector as you ...
28,828
Minimum Spanning Tree Description: ## Input The input consists of several test cases. Each test case starts with a line with two non-negative integers, $1 \le n \le 20\, 000$ and $0 \le m \le 30\, 000$, separated by a single space, where $n$ is the numbers of nodes in the graph and $m$ is the numb...
28,829
Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover Description: The Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover (MWVC) problem is to find the vertex cover with the minimum sum of weights of a particular given graph. Your program should take as input a single MWVC instance. It will be run several times, once for every test case. The time li...
28,830
Mining Race Description: Notch is holding a race for Steve and Alex to see who is the better miner. The rules are simple: they must each move $n$ blocks forward and $n$ blocks down. They can do this in any order they choose—that is, they each mine $2n$ times ($n$ blocks in front of them and $n$...
28,831
Ministry of Magic Description: Many countries have a system of government where the parliament chooses the prime minister, who then forms a government. Generally, the parliament needs to elect the prime minister by majority vote. When no single party manages to get a majority in parliament, parties hav...
28,832
Minor Setback Description: You are developing a smartphone app that converts audio recorded from an instrument into sheet music. You already have the code to record the audio and convert it into sequence of frequency values. What is left is to translate those frequencies into pitch names more easily re...
28,833
Mirinae Description: There are $N$ planets in Vita’s galaxy. In order to improve the security of the planets, Vita assigned each planet to guard exactly one other planet. In particular, the $i$-th planet guards the $A_ i$-th planet for every $1 \le i \le N$. Vita wants to construct a protective barrie...
28,834
Mirror Images Description: Atrebla is developing a new smartphone camera app that she believe will be the next big hit on the app store. Camera apps usually display the image mirrored left-to-right on the screen, so that what you see on the screen matches the movement of your face. To help her camera a...
28,835
Mirror Strings Description: A character is called a “mirror character” if it looks the same when flipped up and down, and the same when flipped left and right. The uppercase mirror characters, H, I, O, X. The lowercase mirror characters are l (since people often write this as a vertical line), o, and x...
28,836
Mirror, Mirror... Description: Mirror, mirror, on the wall, which mirror symmetric subset of these points is the largest of them all? The set $P$ consists of $N$ points. We say that a subset $S \subseteq P$ is mirror symmetric if there exists a line $\ell $ such that for each point $p \in S$, the ...
28,837
Misa Description: A nice part of the Roman Catholic Mass is the rite of peace when people shake hands with their neighbours and say “peace be with you”. Mirko has found a way to turn this ritual into his own favor. Inside the church, there are $R$ rows of benches where each row can hold a capacity of $...
28,838
Missing Gnomes Description: A family of $n$ gnomes likes to line up for a group picture. Each gnome can be uniquely identified by a number $1..n$ written on their hat. Suppose there are $5$ gnomes. The gnomes could line up like so: $1, 3, 4, 2, 5$. Now, an evil magician will remove some of the gnomes fro...
28,839
Missing Number Description: You are teaching kindergarten! You wrote down the numbers from $1$ to $n$, in order, on a whiteboard. When you weren’t paying attention, one of your students erased one of the numbers. Can you tell which number your mischievous student erased? ## Input The first line of i...
28,840
Missing Number Description: Kirby has written down all the integers from $a$ to $b$ in order. He wrote them down as one big string, with no spaces between them and no leading zeroes, and he didn’t tell you the values of $a$ and $b$! Because Kirby was hungry, he ate one of the numbers. Can you figure out w...
28,841
Missing Numbers Description: You enjoy your new job as a teacher of young children. It’s fun to see them learning to count, recognize letters, draw, and interact with the world. One common problem you’ve noticed is that children often forget numbers when counting. For example, early on they might coun...
28,842
Mission Improbable Description: It is a sunny day in spring and you are about to meet Patrick, a close friend and former partner in crime. Patrick lost most of his money betting on programming contests, so he needs to pull off another job. For this he needs your help, even though you have retired from ...
28,843
Mixed Fractions Description: You are part of a team developing software to help students learn basic mathematics. You are to write one part of that software, which is to display possibly improper fractions as mixed fractions. A proper fraction is one where the numerator is less than the denominator; a ...
28,844
Mixed-Base Arithmetic Description: The Perl programming language makes it easy to implement counters that mix numeric and alphabetic characters. Lower-case letters behave as if they are a base-$26$ digit counting from a up to z, upper-case letters behave as if they are a base-$26$ digit counting from A up ...
28,845
Mixing Colours Description: Frank lives in London and he really likes games and maths. Lately, he has been playing a game on his mobile phone. It is simple, a sequence of coloured tokens is provided and each turn the player has to combine a pair of adjacent tokens to obtain a new token of certain colou...
28,846
Mixing Drinks Description: Pia is a famous bartender at the hip Stockholm night club Supernova. One of her most impressive feats is the mixing a series of drinks using each of the $N$ distinct drink ingredients in the bar exactly once. She does this in the following way. First, Pia chooses a number of dri...
28,847
Mixtape Management Description: Mary has created a mixtape with her favourite reggae tracks. The mixtape consists of a list of MP3 files on her computer that she wants to share with her friends Wendy and Larry. However she knows that her friends have different musical tastes and will therefore also hav...
28,848
Miyazaki's Masterpiece Description: Hayao Miyazaki is putting together another timeless classic, and he has decided to directly incorporate the desires of his fans into his next masterpiece. His movie consists of $N$ scenes where each scene is meant to convey a certain emotion. It is widely known t...
28,849
Miði Description: Little Jón has a crush on little Gunna. He intends to send her a note in the middle of class at school. The note will pass through the hands of many students to reach from Jón to Gunna. There is also a risk that the teacher will see the note and confiscate it. Jón is worried that his ...
28,850
Mjehuric Description: Goran has five wooden pieces arranged in a sequence. There is a number between $1$ and $5$ inscribed on every piece, so that every number appears on exactly one of the five pieces. Goran wants to order the pieces to form the sequence $1, 2, 3, 4, 5$ and does it like this: ...
28,851
Mobilization Description: Mobilization is a brand new strategy game in which you are required to mobilize an army. The army can consist of different types of troops, each of which has a cost, health, and potency. You can acquire any combination of the troop types, even fractional, such that the total c...
28,852
Modelling Problems Description: Sometimes, Atrebla just wants to know if her code’s assertions can ever be false. Of course, this is somewhat of an undecidable problem in the general case — there is a very simple way to turn any program that solves this problem into one that solves the halting problem....
28,853
Moderate Pace Description: An ultra-marathon is a race that takes place over an uncomfortably long distance and time, typically lasting for five hours or more. You are part of a group of three ultra-marathon runners looking to place in this year’s Great South-to-North run from Plymouth to Aberdeen. Yo...
28,854
Modified Gray Code Description: We want to modify the Gray Code so that successive elements differ by an even number of bits, but again the bits selected to be changed should yield the smallest normal binary value not yet used. We call this the even Gray code. Here are the first 3 elements of the 5-bit...
28,855
Modular Arithmetic Description: ## Input There are several test cases. Each test case begins with a line containing two integers $n, t$, where $1 \leq n \leq 10^{18}$, and $0 \leq t \leq 100$. Then follow $t$ operations to perform, each of the form $x\ \mbox{op}\ y$. Here, $0 \leq x, y < n$ are i...
28,856
Modulo Description: Given two integers $A$ and $B$, $A$ modulo $B$ is the remainder when dividing $A$ by $B$. For example, the numbers $7$, $14$, $27$ and $38$ become $1$, $2$, $0$ and $2$, modulo $3$. Write a program that accepts $10$ numbers as input and outputs the number of distinct numbers in ...
28,857
Modulo Data Structures Description: You have an array, $Arr[1...N]$. Initially, all values of $Arr[i] = 0$. The array supports the following two types of queries: * Increase all $Arr[k]$ by $C$ for all $k\equiv A\ (\mathrm{mod}$ $B)$; * Output $Arr[D]$ for a given $D$. Increase all $Arr[k]$ by $C$ f...
28,858
Modulo Solitaire Description: Modulo Solitaire is a game that can be played when you are bored. You can even play it without a phone, just on paper. First, you pick a number $m$. Then you pick two sequences of numbers $a_{i}$ and $b_{i}$. Finally, you pick a starting number $s_{0}$. Now, your g...
28,859
Molecules Description: A molecule consists of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. Each bond links two atoms together. Each atom may be linked to multiple other atoms, each with a separate chemical bond. All atoms in a molecule are connected to each other via chemical bonds, directly or indi...
28,860
Molekule Description: Scientists in a chemical lab in Croatia have been studying the chemical bonds between different molecules. They have a special interest in a group of molecules of the chemical compound nitro hydrogen laminate. The compound consists of $N$ molecules bound together by $N - 1$ ...
28,861
Money Matters Description: Our sad tale begins with a tight clique of friends. Together they went on a trip to the picturesque country of Molvania. During their stay, various events which are too horrible to mention occurred. The net result was that the last evening of the trip ended with a momentous e...
28,862
Money Transfers Description: Sonia is the CEO of the South Western Economic Research Consortium (SWERC). The main asset of SWERC is a group of banks spread out in several countries, which specialize in wire transfers between these countries. Money is transferred between banks which have transfer agree...
28,863
Money for Nothing Description: In this problem you will be solving one of the most profound challenges of humans across the world since the beginning of time – how to make lots of money. You are a middleman in the widget market. Your job is to buy widgets from widget producer companies and sell them to wi...
28,864
Monitoring Ski Paths Description: Fresh powder on a sunny day: it is a great time to ski! Hardcore skiers flock to a large mountain in the Rockies to enjoy these perfect conditions. The only way up the mountain is by helicopter; skiers jump out and ski down the mountain. This process sounds a bit chaotic,...
28,865
Monochromatic Minesweeper Description: In the game of minesweeper you are given a rectangular grid of a particular size. At the beginning of the game, the contents of all cells are hidden. The player can reveal the content of a cell by clicking on it. Some cells contain mines, and all other cells conta...
28,866
Monopoly Description: Doris is playing monopoly with her friends, and it is now her turn to roll the dice. In standard monopoly you roll two $6$-sided dice, and then walk the same number of steps as the sum of the two dice. From her current position, she will end up on her opponents’ hotels if the ...
28,867
Monotony Description: You are given an $r\! \times \! c$ grid. Each cell of this grid is filled with a number between $1$ and $r{\cdot }c$ inclusive, and each cell’s number is distinct. Define a grid of numbers to be monotonic if each row and column is either increasing or decreasing (this can be ...
28,868
Monument Maker Description: You are a stone-chiseler in Ancient Greece, charged with copying the text from famous monuments onto new stones. The existing inscriptions use boustrophedon writing, in which the lines of text alternate direction, and if a line ends in the middle of a word, the word simply c...
28,869
Moogle Description: You got the original idea of making map software, called Moogle Maps, for the new cool Maple mPhone. It will even be capable of indicating the location of a house address like “Main Street 13”. However, since the mPhone has limited storage capacity, you need to reduce the data amoun...
28,870
Moonfrost Canyon Description: Karin has three favourite things in life – fine dining, cats and a video game called Moonfrost Canyon. In the game, you play as a farmer who got tired of city life to move out to a farm together with your cat. At the farm, you then grow crops that you can cook fancy meals ...
28,871
Morse Code Palindromes Description: A Palindrome is a word, number, phrase, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward, such as madam or racecar or 1881. Phrase palindromes ignore capitalization, punctuation, and word boundaries. For example: Madam I’m Adam. Morse code is...
28,872
Mosaic Description: In this problem, we consider a special class of tile mosaics, as exemplified in Figure 1. Each such mosaic is built on a rectangular grid with a white background. Within each cell of the grid is either a square black tile, a triangular black tile in one of the four orientations show...
28,873
Mosaic Browsing Description: The International Center for the Preservation of Ceramics (ICPC) is searching for motifs in some ancient mosaics. According to the ICPC’s definition, a mosaic is a rectangular grid where each grid square contains a colored tile. A motif is similar to a mosaic but some of th...
28,874
Moscow Dream Description: For many students, getting a ticket to The ICPC World Finals is a huge achievement, and The 2019 ICPC Asia Danang Regional Contest is a chance to make their dream come true. For some others, they just like to stretch their brains and solve interesting problems. We – the scien...
28,875
Mosquito Multiplication Description: The mosquito life cycle includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. For simplicity, we will make several assumptions that are not quite true in the nature: The egg stage lasts less than one day, and all the other stages are one week long. Each mosquito lives ...
28,876
Most Difficult Description: You are an expert on the most difficult field of math — primes! Indeed, you have actually proven the Riemann Hypothesis, but unfortunately, this margin is too narrow to contain the proof. Being considered a prime expert, $q$ people have come to you for help. The $i$-th pers...
28,877
Mountain Biking Description: Mount Snowdon, the tallest place in Wales, is a major attraction for mountain bikers far and wide. To take advantage of the popularity of this thrilling sport, an enterprising new venture plans to open several new bike repair shops throughout the rolling foothills. The cun...
28,878
Mountain Road Description: In the Franconian Switzerland, there is a narrow mountain road. With only a single lane, this is a bottleneck for two-way traffic. Your job is to schedule incoming cars at both ends so that the last car leaves the road as early as possible. Each car is specified by three values:...
28,879
Mountain Scenes Description: An artist begins with a roll of ribbon, one inch wide. She clips it into pieces of various integral lengths, then aligns them with the bottom of a frame, rising vertically in columns, to form a mountain scene. A mountain scene must be uneven; if all columns are the same hei...
28,880
Mountain Village Description: After a long summer’s march through the rough terrain of northern America, the indian tribe had found a place where they hopefully would be left alone. The chief proclaimed that this would be the new place for their village, despite the rocky nature of the landscape. They ...
28,881
MountainCraft Description: It’s a glorious day in the video game meta-world of MountainCraft! True to its name, MountainCraft boasts an expansive open world full of mountains to explore. Your avatar in the game wakes up on a remote island, and stares at the mountains on the horizon. The view of the ho...
28,882
Mountainous Landscape Description: You travel through a scenic landscape consisting mostly of mountains—there are $n$ landmarks (peaks and valleys) on your path. You pause for breath and wonder: which mountain are you currently seeing on the horizon? Formally: you are given a polygonal chain $P_1 P_2 ...
28,883
Mountainous Palindromic Subarray Description: An array is Mountainous if it is strictly increasing, then strictly decreasing. Note that Mountainous arrays must therefore be of length three or greater. A Subarray is defined as an array that can be attained by deleting some prefix and suffix (possibly e...
28,884
Mouse Pursuit Description: Brandon is playing the newest idle game, Mouse Pursuit! The goal of this game is to pursue mice for cheese and glory. In Mouse Pursuit, an event consists of pursuing a mouse. If the mouse is caught, the player might earn cheese and glory. However, if the mouse is not caught, the...
28,885
Mouse Trap Description: Medea the cat is a real troublemaker. Even though she is loving and caring with humans, sometimes she likes to crash on mouse parties in the field nearby her house, uninvited, just for the fun of it! A mouse party is a bunch of mice standing on the vertices of a convex polygon ...
28,886
Moveable maze Description: After solving a difficult programming problem, you decide to take a break and play a puzzle game. After playing the game for a while, you decide to write a program to solve it for you. The game is played on a grid with $R$ rows and $C$ columns. Each square of the grid contains a...
28,887
Movie Collection Description: Mr. K. I. has a very big movie collection. He has organized his collection in a big stack. Whenever he wants to watch one of the movies, he locates the movie in this stack and removes it carefully, ensuring that the stack doesn’t fall over. After he finishes watching the m...
28,888
Movie Night Description: You’re trying to organize an outing to a movie with a group of friends. This is made complicated by the fact that your friends will decide whether to come based on who else is coming. If you give one of your friends a call, you know you’re going to have a conversation like this...
28,889
Moving Day Description: It’s that time of the year when students head back to school, which will usually involve moving lots of stuff, and packing lots of that stuff into boxes. However, before we go through that effort, it would be nice to know whether the boxes we have are the right size! A box has ...
28,890
Moving Pianos Description: A piano tuner indeed has a hard time earning his living. (Un)fortunately, most people want their pianos tuned only when they move to a new place, and thus also someone to help them move the piano. Therefore, quite a few piano -tuners combine their profession with lifting and ...
28,891
Moving to Nuremberg Description: One of the most important inventions for modern-day city life is the public transportation. However, most people probably do not think of it that way – even though it makes travel in the city a lot easier, we generally want to spend as little time as possible on the sub...
28,892
Mr. Noodle Description: To make the dishes interesting, Mario arranges the straight noodles into convex polygon shapes. To serve the dish, Mario wants to plate the polygon on the smallest possible plate, for aesthetic purposes. Mario has $N$ pieces of straight noodles, with length $a_ i$, for $i=1...
28,893
Mr. Plow King Description: In the kingdom of Winterfield, there are several cities and each pair of cities is connected by exactly one old dirt road. The king of Winterfield has decided that he will upgrade some of those roads. The set of roads that he upgrades must be such that it is possible to get f...
28,894
MrCodeFormatGrader Description: Instructor Bob is building an automatic source code formatting grading website. The name of the website is “MrCodeFormatGrader”. When you run Bob’s program and submit your source code to it, the program will output $C$, the number of lines of source code; $N$, the number...
28,895
Mravi Description: Little Bobi gets up every morning and feeds his favourite pets: ants. He keeps them in a terrarium with a pipe system that can be represented as a tree with $N$ nodes. The pipes are represented by the edges of the tree. The root of the tree is located at node denoted with 1. Inside t...
28,896
Mravi Description: Little Bobi gets up every morning and feeds his favourite pets: ants. He keeps them in a terrarium with a pipe system that can be represented as a tree with $N$ nodes. The pipes are represented by the edges of the tree. The root of the tree is located at node denoted with $1$. In...
28,897
Mravojed Description: Archeologists recently found the remains of Greco-Roman architecture. The location can be modeled as a grid of $R \cdot C$ square cells. For each of the cells, archeologists have determined if some building was there or if the cell has always been empty. After examining the artif...
28,898
Muddy Hike Description: Liam is planning out his route for an upcoming nature hike. Unfortunately, the region that he plans on hiking through is notoriously muddy, so in order to prevent his floral shirt from getting covered with mud, he has decided to pick a route for which the maximum depth of mud en...
28,899