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cup with confetti. 8 Turn on the Van de Graaff generator and let it run. 9 Dip the soap bubble dispenser into the soap and blow a stream of bubbles toward the charging sphere of the Van de Graaff generator. 10 Record your detailed observations in Table 10.1. 11 Ground the sphere with the grounding rod, and Demonstrati... |
charges repel and unlike charges attract. M I N D S O N Electrical Attraction Rub an ebonite rod with fur and hold the rod close to a fine stream of water from a faucet. Then rub a glass rod with silk and hold this rod close to a fine stream of water. Observe what happens in each case. Using your knowledge of charging... |
.2 This figure is an artist’s representation of Benjamin Franklin’s famous kite experiment. info BIT Some historians think that Franklin may not have actually performed his kite experiment. They suspect that Franklin sent a description of this dangerous experiment to the Royal Society in London, England as a joke, beca... |
silver, can have a conductivity 1023 times greater than that of a good insulator, such as rubber. Figure 10.4 Relative electrical conductivity of some materials Relative magnitude of conductivity 108 107 103 109 1010 1012 1015 Material silver copper aluminium iron mercury carbon germanium silicon wood glass rubber Con... |
state electronics, which includes components such as transistors, diodes, and silicon chips, is based on this type of semiconductor. Superconductors Recall from earlier science studies that resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a material. Materials with a low electrical resistanc... |
10-PearsonPhys30-Chap10 7/24/08 2:51 PM Page 516 10-2 Inquiry Lab 10-2 Inquiry Lab Charging Objects Question How can objects become electrically charged? Materials and Equipment 2 white plastic polyethylene strips (or ebonite rods) fur (approximately 15 cm x 15 cm) 2 clear plastic acetate strips (or glass rods) silk (... |
Polyethylene Strip Rubbed with Fur Electroscope Charged with the Clear Acetate Strip Rubbed with Silk 12 Rub the unattached white polyethylene strip with the fur. Touch this white strip to the knob of the electroscope. 13 Carefully bring the electroscope close to one end of the hanging white polyethylene strip. Observ... |
rule can you formulate about the charge received by an object when it is touched by another charged object? 7. From your observations in Table 10.4, what general rule can you formulate about the charge received by an object when it is held near another charged object? 8. Does the electroscope acquire a net electrical ... |
method involves separating electrons from the atoms in one object through rubbing or friction, and then transferring and depositing these electrons to the atoms of another object. The object whose atoms lose electrons then possesses positively charged ions. The object whose atoms gain electrons possesses negatively ch... |
from a charged object to an uncharged object by simply touching the objects together (Figure 10.8). This process is called charging by conduction. (a) (b) Figure 10.8 (a) During charging by conduction, electrons from a negatively charged metal conducting sphere transfer to a neutral metal conducting sphere, upon conta... |
between oppositely charged objects, but how can a charged object attract a neutral or uncharged object? And why is there never a force of repulsion between a charged object and a neutral object? The answers to these questions are revealed in the third method of charging objects, which involves two processes: induction... |
becomes positive and the other side becomes negative. In both cases, the distance from the negatively charged rod to the positive end of the neutral object is less than the distance to the negative end of the object. Therefore, the attraction of the opposite charges is greater than repulsion of like charges, and the n... |
charging it by friction. Explain why the balloon will then stick to a wall for a long time. How Lightning Gets Its Charge Many theories attempt to explain the formation of lightning. One theory relates the cause to the processes of evaporation and condensation of water in the clouds and different methods of charging o... |
/08 2:51 PM Page 523 10.1 Check and Reflect 10.1 Check and Reflect Knowledge 1. What is the science of electrostatics? 2. Describe a simple experiment that enabled early scientists to determine that there were two different types of charges. 3. In the 1600s, William Gilbert compared the effects of electricity and magne... |
the sphere. 12. If a glass rod becomes positively charged when rubbed with silk, use the law of conservation of charge to explain why the silk must be negatively charged. (a) friction (b) conduction (c) induction e TEST To check your understanding of electrical interactions, follow the eTest links at www.pearsoned.ca/... |
ating and Planning Performing and Recording Analyzing and Interpreting Communication and Teamwork Question Two charged objects exert electrostatic forces of magnitude Fe on each other. How does Fe depend on the charges carried by the objects and on the separation between the objects? Materials and Equipment Van de Graa... |
6 Tape sheets of white paper to the wall. Place the retort stand with sphere 1 close to the wall, about 5 cm away, so that the centre of the sphere aligns with the centre of the paper. Using a ruler, draw a horizontal line on the paper indicating the top position of the string attached to the straw. Figure 10.15 Part ... |
be shared equally, the new charge on sphere 1 is 1 q. The 4 q 1 q 1 charge product on spheres 1 and 2 is now 1 q 2. 8 2 4 Label the new position of sphere 1 as position 2. 12 Slide the stand holding charged sphere 2 toward 16 Remove sphere 3 to a safe distance and ground it by sphere 1 on the other stand and momentari... |
Spheres 1 and 2 (N) e F (0.300) (0.300) (0.300) (0.300) (0.300) (0.0500) (0.0467) (0.0438) (0.0409) (0.0383) (0.0600) (0.0617) (0.0638) (0.0659) (0.0683) 526 Unit VI Forces and Fields 10-PearsonPhys30-Chap10 7/24/08 2:51 PM Page 527 21 Rub the ebonite rod with the fur or charge the Van de 2. Construct a graph of the f... |
F e acting on two similarly charged spheres cannot be measured directly, it can be calculated as shown in Figure 10.16. Complete the calculations as indicated in Table 10.5 for Part A. 5. Construct a graph of the force of electrostatic repulsion on the y-axis as a function of the distance between the charges on the x-... |
This movement of the needle can be measured on a scale. The amount of movement is related to a measure of the force of electrical attraction or repulsion. Figure 10.17 Coulomb’s apparatus Determining Relative Charge e MATH In 10-3 Inquiry Lab, Investigating the Variables in Coulomb’s Law, you learned how separation an... |
q), and so on. 4 4 2 4 528 Unit VI Forces and Fields 10-PearsonPhys30-Chap10 7/24/08 2:51 PM Page 529 By varying the charges on both objects and measuring the electrostatic force acting on them, he demonstrated that the magnitude of the electrostatic force is proportional to the product of the two charges: F e q1q2 In... |
on a proton is about 1.60 1019 C. PHYSICS INSIGHT Newton’s law of gravitation is called an inverse square law because the gravitational force acting on any two masses is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres. Chapter 10 Physics laws can explain the behaviour of electric charges. 52... |
C q2 r 3.30 102 m 3.30 cm 2.10 106 C 1.50 106 C Required magnitude and type of the electrostatic force acting on the two charges (F e ) Figure 10.18 Analysis and Solution According to Newton’s third law, the electrostatic forces acting on the two spheres are the same in magnitude but opposite in direction. The magnitu... |
0 107 C. The magnitude of the electrostatic force is now F e 1q q 2 k 2 r m (3.0 107 C)(3.0 107 C) 8.99 109 N 2 C (3.30 102 m)2 2 0.74 N Since both spheres have a negative charge, the electrostatic force is repulsive. Paraphrase The electrostatic force is one of repulsion, with a magnitude of 0.74 N. Chapter 10 Physics... |
showing the electrostatic forces acting on sphere B. 1.0 cm 2.0 cm A 2.0 μC B 2.0 μC C 2.0 μC 2. For the figure in problem 1 above, draw a vector for the net electrostatic force on sphere B. Answers 1. FAB Fnet 2. B FCB 532 Unit VI Forces and Fields 10-PearsonPhys30-Chap10 7/24/08 2:51 PM Page 533 Example 10.4 A small... |
original positions, where should the second sphere be situated so that the net electrostatic force on it would be zero? Answers 1. 1.16 104 N [to the left] 2. 2.14 102 m to the right of the 2.50 109 C charge [left] 2 m (1.50 106 C)(2.10 106 C) 8.99 109 N C 3.30 102 m2 2 2 [right] (69.34 N 104.0 N) [right] 34.7 N [righ... |
2.00 102 m 3.00 102 m Required net electrostatic force net) on sphere B (F Analysis and Solution The electrostatic force of qA on qB, F AB, is a force of attraction directed from charge B toward charge A (left). The electrostatic CB, is a force force of qC on qB, F of repulsion directly upward (Figure 10.25). 3.00 102... |
situated in positions forming a rectangle, as shown in the figure below. Determine the net electrostatic force on the charge in the top right corner of the rectangle. 2.00 102 m A 2.10 106 C B 1.50 106 C rAC 3.00 102 m C 1.80 106 C Figure 10.27 Example 10.6 A small metal sphere A with a charge of 2.10 106 C is 2.00 10... |
sum of the two force vectors. Use trigonometry to determine the angle 1 AC (Figure 10.29): for the direction of F tan 1 1 2 0 0. 3 0 0. 33.69 2 m 1 2 1 m 0 0 Then resolve F AC into x and y components, as shown in Figure 10.30: FACx FACy (26.13 N) (sin 33.69) 14.49 N (26.13 N) (cos 33.69) 21.74 N x 26.13 N y 33.7° C Fi... |
SD is its ability to cause fires in a flammable atmosphere. Property loss, injuries, and fatalities due to the accidental ignition of petrochemical vapours, dusts, and fuels by ESD are on the rise. ESD has been the proven ignition source in many fires. However, research into the firesparking nature of ESD is still in i... |
What is the SI unit for electric charge? (b) Compare the charge on an electron to that produced by rubbing an ebonite rod with fur. 4. Coulomb could not measure the amount of charge on his spheres, but he could vary the amount of charge on each sphere. Describe the procedure he used to do so. Applications 5. An electr... |
Coulomb’s law coulomb (C) electrostatics insulator conductor semiconductor superconductor Key Equation F e 1q q 2 k 2 r Conceptual Overview The concept map below summarizes many of the concepts and equations in this chapter. Copy and complete the map to have a full summary of the chapter. types of materials conductors... |
charges are collinear, what is the net electrostatic force on each of the following? (a) charge B (b) charge C 14. Why is dust attracted to the front of a cathode- ray tube computer monitor? 15. Why is it desirable to develop materials with low electrical resistance? 16. Explain why a charged ebonite rod can be discha... |
table. (b) From the shape of the graph, what is the relationship between the electrostatic force and the separation distance between two charges? (c) Make a new table of values to obtain data to straighten the graph. (d) Draw a graph of the data in your new table of values. (e) Determine the slope of the graph. (f) Wh... |
arsoned.ca/school/physicssource. Chapter 10 Physics laws can explain the behaviour of electric charges. 541 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11 7/24/08 3:04 PM Page 542 C H A P T E R 11 Key Concepts In this chapter, you will learn about: vector fields electric fields electric potential difference moving charges in electric fields ... |
idea of fields, and you will compare different types of electric fields. Then you will learn how force is used to define the strength of electric fields. Finally, you will study the motion of charges in electric fields and explain electrical interactions using the law of conservation of energy. 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11... |
theory describes electrical phenomena. 543 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11 7/24/08 3:04 PM Page 544 11.1 Forces and Fields Figure 11.2 Forces exerted by the horses attached to the chariot cause the “violent” motion of the chariot. The ancient Greek philosophers explained most types of motion as being the result of either “vio... |
effluvium theory proposed 2500 years ago. 544 Unit VI Forces and Fields 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11 7/24/08 3:05 PM Page 545 Fields In the 17th century, scientists, including Newton, tried to determine why one object can exert a force on another object without touching it. These scientists attempted to explain “action at ... |
Although field theory is a powerful tool for describing phenomena and predicting forces, physicists are still debating how objects can actually exert forces at a distance. Chapter 17 describes how quantum theory provides an extremely accurate model for describing such forces. Figure 11.4 A space module passing near a ... |
there appear to be a starting point and an endpoint in the pattern created by the lawn seeds? 2. Are there any situations where there appears to be no observable effect on the lawn seeds? 3. Based on your observations of the patterns created by the lawn seeds on the surface of the oil, what conclusion can you make abo... |
F e E q where q is the magnitude of the test charge in coulombs (C); F e is the electric force on the charge in newtons (N); and E is the strength of the electric field at that point in newtons per coulomb (N/C), in the direction as defined previously. info BIT A tremendous range of field strengths occurs in nature. F... |
Unit VI Forces and Fields The equation for determining the magnitude of the electric field around a point charge, like that shown in Figure 11.8, can be derived mathematically as follows: F e and F e q 2 kq 1 2 r q2, then If E q2 kq 1 2 r E k E r q 2 where q is the magnitude of the source charge producing the electric... |
specifying the net field at any point is simply the vector sum of the fields of all the individual sources, as shown in the following examples. Example 11.3 shows how to calculate the net electric field at a point in one-dimensional situations. e MATH The nucleus of an atom exhibits both electric and gravitational fie... |
C N (1.65 102 m)2 E qB q B k r 2 q to P B 6.604 107 N/C Use vector addition to determine the net electric field at point P: E net E qA E qB 4.953 107 N/C [right] 6.604 107 N/C [left] 1.65 107 N/C [left] Paraphrase The net electric field at point P is 1.65 107 N/C [left]. P Eq B Eq A Figure 11.10 550 Unit VI Forces and... |
two similar spheres with positive charges of 2.00 C and separated by a distance of 0.0600 m, as shown in the figure below. P 0.100 m 0.100 m 72.5° 72.5° 2.00 C 0.0600 m 2.00 C 2. Two charges of +4.00 C are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides of 2.00 cm, as shown in the figure below. Determine ... |
/C)2 net 1.91 107 N/C Use the tangent function to determine the direction of the net electric field at point P (Figure 11.15). tan 14.9° The direction of the net field is 180° 14.9° 165° 4.895 106 N/C Enet θ x 1.843 107 N/C Figure 11.15 Paraphrase The net electric field at point P is 1.91 107 N/C [165°]. 552 Unit VI Fo... |
right of another negative charge of 2.00 mC. Calculate P E 6. Describe the effect on the electric field at a point (a) if the magnitude of the charge producing the field is halved (b) if the sign of the charge producing the field is changed (c) if the magnitude of the test charge in the field is halved Applications 7.... |
lines around a point charge: • Electric field lines due to a positive source charge start from the charge and extend radially away from the charge to infinity. • Electric field lines due to a negative source charge come from infin- ity radially into and terminate at the negative source charge. • The density of lines r... |
move freely until they reach a state of static equilibrium. For static equilibrium to exist, all charges must be at rest and thus must experience no net force. Achieving static equilibrium creates interesting distributions of charge that occur only in conducting objects and not in non-conducting objects. Following are... |
an irregularly shaped solid conductor, the charges are still repelled and accumulate on the outer surface. But do the charges distribute evenly on the outer surface? Figure 11.21(a) is an example of a charged, irregularly shaped object. 556 Unit VI Forces and Fields 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11 7/24/08 3:05 PM Page 557 On ... |
all excess charges are still repelled outward, as shown in Figure 11.22(a). However, they distribute evenly only on the outer surface of the conducting object. There is no excess charge on the inner surface of the hollow object, no matter what the shape of the object is. The corresponding electric field lines created ... |
, the charges spread and distribute evenly on the inner surfaces of the charged plates. (a) (b) Figure 11.23(a) The distribution of net charge on oppositely charged parallel plates Figure 11.23(b) Electric field lines between two oppositely charged parallel plates The magnitude of the resulting electric field can be sh... |
A defibrillator uses a highvoltage capacitor to help save lives. Such capacitors have many other applications in other electrical and electronic devices, such as the highvoltage power supplies for cathoderay tubes in older televisions and computer monitors. The charge stored in such capacitors can be dangerous. Produc... |
large voltages. Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential A Van de Graaff generator can generate up to 250 kV. Touching the dome not only produces the spectacular results shown in Figure 11.26, it can also cause a mild, harmless shock. On the other hand, touching the terminals of a wall socket, which has a volt... |
potential energy is the energy stored in the system of two charges a certain distance apart (Figure 11.28). Electric potential energy change equals work done to move a small charge: Ep W q1 r P q2 Figure 11.28 Electric potential energy is the energy stored in the system of two charges a certain distance apart. Example... |
field is being produced by a large negative charge. A small positive charge would be attracted and come to rest on the surface of the larger negative charge, where it would have zero electric potential energy. This position could be defined as a zero electric potential energy reference point (Figure 11.29(a)). Then, t... |
How much work was done on the charge? Answer 1. 4.00 105 J Electric Potential Suppose two positive charges are pushed toward a positive plate. In this case, twice as much work is done, and twice as much electric potential energy is stored in the system. However, just as much electric potential energy is still stored p... |
produce the electrical energy that would allow the balloon to maintain that electric potential. However, the amount of charge a balloon acquires during rubbing is usually only in the order of a few microcoulombs. So, acquiring this potential requires a small amount of work to produce the energy needed. Even though the... |
, the equation for Ohm’s law is usually written as V IR, where it is understood that V represents the potential difference between the ends of the resistance R. Example 11.7 Moving a small charge of 1.6 × 10–19 C between two parallel plates increases its electric potential energy by 3.2 × 10–16 J. Determine the electri... |
V ) (b) electric potential energy gained by the charge (Ep) Analysis and Solution (a) V Vfinal Vinitial (4.0 103 V) (2.0 103 V) 2.0 103 V (b) To calculate the electric potential energy, use the equation Ep. V q Vq (2.0 103 V)(3.2 1019 C) 6.4 10–16 J Ep Ep Since 1 eV 1.60 1019 J, V e 1 (6.4 1016 J) 019 J 1 4.0 103 eV 4.... |
Figure 11.31 Electrically charged parallel plates W F or W E d qd Since this system is conservative, the work done is stored in the charge as electric potential energy: W Ep E qd The electric potential difference between the plates is: Ep V q q d E q d E To calculate the magnitude of the uniform electric field between... |
and Reflect Knowledge 1. Describe the difference between an electric field vector and an electric field line. 2. Sketch electric field lines around the following charges: (a) a positive charge (b) a negative charge (c) two positive charges (d) two negative charges (e) a positive charge and a negative charge 3. Describ... |
How much energy is gained by the charge? an electric field have the same electric potential. Would any work be required to move a test charge from one point to another? Explain your answer. e TEST To check your understanding of electric field lines, follow the eTest links at www.pearsoned.ca/ school/physicssource. Cha... |
the expense of potential energy. If you assume that no energy is lost to friction and the forces are conservative, the kinetic energy gained equals the potential energy lost, so the sums of the two energies are always equal: Epi Eki Epf Ekf 570 Unit VI Forces and Fields 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11 7/28/08 9:38 AM Page 571... |
, how much electric potential energy did the negative charge lose? Answers 1. 3.20 1012 J 2. 2.30 106 J Ek 2 v 2 m v 2Ek m 2(2.85 107 J) 2.4 104 kg 4.9 102 m/s Paraphrase The speed of the pith ball at position B is 4.9 102 m/s. Chapter 11 Electric field theory describes electrical phenomena. 571 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11... |
Analysis and Solution This system is conservative. You can use kinetic energy of the charge to find its speed., is 0 J. 0 J. The initial electric potential energy of the sphere at the positive plate Vq. Since the sphere was at rest, its initial kinetic energy, is Epi Eki The final electric potential energy of the sphe... |
’s acceleration is downward, so the motion of the electron will follow a parabolic path to the positive plate (Figure 11.38), similar to the projectile motion of an object travelling horizontally to the surface of Earth and experiencing downward acceleration due to gravity. electric field Figure 11.38 Practice Problems... |
for there to be electric potential? Why or why not? 4. Calculate the speed of an electron and a proton after each has accelerated from rest through an electric potential of 220 V. 5. Electrons in a TV picture tube are accelerated by a potential difference of 25 kV. Find the maximum speed the electrons would reach if r... |
initially travelling perpendicular to the uniform electric field between the two charged parallel plates, will be parabolic and not circular. e TEST 5.45 106 m/s To check your understanding of electrical interactions and the law of conservation of energy, follow the eTest links at www.pearsoned.ca/ school/physicssourc... |
, explain how (a) work done in the system is related to potential energy of the system the magnitude and direction of a vector quantity? (b) the kinetic and potential energy of the 4. (11.2) What is the difference between an electric field vector and an electric field line? 5. (11.2) Two hollow metal objects, with shap... |
VI Forces and Fields 11-PearsonPhys30-Chap11 7/24/08 3:05 PM Page 579 20. A force of 15.0 N is required to move a charge of 2.0 C through a distance of 0.20 m in a uniform electric field. (a) How much work is done on the charge? (b) How much electric potential energy does the charge gain in joules? 21. How much electr... |
? 32. Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate that there are no excess charges on the inside of a hollow charged sphere. 33. Identify a technology that uses the principle that electric charges accumulate at the point of an irregularly shaped object. Describe how the technology applies this principle. Consolidate Yo... |
The northern lights were reflections of these fires. What are the auroras and what causes them? Why can they be observed only in the far northern or southern latitudes? Is there a relationship between the auroras and surface activity on the Sun, called solar flares? Are they related to other physical phenomena observe... |
string to the top of the bottle. 5 Replace the cap on the bottle and place the bottle on a table to allow the mixture to settle. Observe the pattern produced by the iron filings. Questions 1. In your notebook, draw a diagram of the pattern created by the iron filings. 2. 3. Is the pattern created by the iron filings o... |
directions of the needle formed a pattern that encircled the rock, like meridian lines, and converged at two points on opposite ends of the rock. When this rock was then suspended by a string, the two converging points tended to align along Earth’s north–south axis. This property of the rock earned it the name “lodest... |
seemed to originate from the magnetic poles, and they could affect another magnetic object even without contact. The ancient Greeks called this effect “action at a distance.” Recall from chapter 11 that they used the same terminology to describe the effects of electric charges. In attempting to explain the action at a... |
iron filings on the sheet. Draw the pattern of the iron filings around the magnet. 4 Clean the iron filings from the paper and replace the paper over the magnet. 5 Place the compass at several positions around the magnet and trace the direction of the compass needle. 584 Unit VI Forces and Fields 12-PearsonPhys30-Chap... |
the distance from a magnet and the intensity of the field, go to www.pearsoned.ca/ school/physicssource. S N S N (a) (b) Figure 12.6 (a) The pattern of iron filings surrounding a bar magnet outlines the magnetic field. (b) Magnetic field lines, representing the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field, can replac... |
frictionless ride. Experiments by early investigators revealed many facts about the magnetic fields surrounding magnets and their effects on magnetic objects. However, the actual cause of magnetism eluded scientists until 1820. While demonstrating to students that the current passing through a wire produces heat, Dani... |
moving charges: (a) If the conducting wire is straight, then the thumb indicates the direction of the straight current and the cupped fingers indicate the direction of the circular magnetic field. (b) If the current is in a coil of conducting wire, the cupped fingers indicate the circular current and the straight thum... |
domains are normally random, so their magnetic fields largely balance each other, leaving the material with little or no overall magnetization. However, the size of a domain and the direction of its magnetic field are relatively easy to change. An external magnetic field can cause the domains to align, thus magnetizin... |
romagnetic material, so it can become a permanent magnet. If you hold a compass near the top of the filing cabinet, the compass needle points toward the filing cabinet. If you hold the compass near the bottom of the filing cabinet, the opposite end of the compass points toward the cabinet. Has the cabinet been magnetiz... |
magnet. From that time, Earth has been considered to be a huge magnet, with similar magnetic properties to a much smaller, ordinary magnet. This observation was successful in explaining many phenomena. However, care must be taken in comparing the causes of magnetic behaviour in Earth and in a bar magnet. If the cause ... |
through the rest of Earth’s interior. another reversal of Earth’s magnetic field may occur within the next 2000 years. Questions 1. Can the motion of charges in Earth’s core create domains? Explain your answer. 2. What is the most probable cause of Earth’s magnetic behaviour? 3. What evidence is there on Earth that it... |
. 16. If a current-carrying wire is bent into a loop, why is the magnetic field stronger inside the loop than outside? e TEST To check your understanding of magnetic forces and fields, follow the eTest links at www.pearsoned.ca/school/physicssource. 592 Unit VI Forces and Fields 12-PearsonPhys30-Chap12 7/24/08 3:35 PM ... |
ray accelerates in a straight line when it is only influenced by the electric field produced between the cathode and anode plates in a vacuum tube connected to a high-voltage source. (b) A cathode ray will deflect as shown when it is also under the influence of an external magnetic field. (a) (b) In Figure 12.16, the ... |
the speed or kinetic energy of a charged particle. Since force is not in the direction of the displacement, then there can be no work done on the object. Only the direction of the charged particle’s path may be changed. Left-hand Rule for Deflection Consider a negatively charged particle travelling perpendicular to an... |
ode and anode of the CRT. 2 Turn on the current supply. Observe the path of the cathode rays that are produced. 3 Carefully hold the north pole of a bar magnet near one side of the centre of the cathode tube, in the horizontal plane. Note the direction in which the cathode rays are deflected. 4 Repeat the procedure in ... |
Fm Fm Fm B Figure 12.19 (a) When the charged particle’s velocity is parallel to the external magnetic field (B), the charged particle’s path is a straight line. (b) The charged particle’s motion is perpendicular to the magnetic field, so the particle is deflected in a circular arc. (c) The charged particle’s motion is... |
Earth facing the Sun and on the side of Earth away from the Sun. What is the cause of this difference in shape? Begin your search at www.pearsoned.ca/ school/physicssource. Chapter 12 Properties of electric and magnetic fields apply in nature and technology. 597 12-PearsonPhys30-Chap12 7/24/08 3:35 PM Page 598 Figure ... |
s Required m) magnetic force (F Analysis and Solution Determine the magnitude of the magnetic deflecting force: F m qvB (1.60 1019 C)(3.20 105 m )(2.20 101 T) s 1.13 1014 N Since the charge is negative, use the left-hand rule for deflection to determine the direction of the magnetic force. • Thumb points in the directi... |
T, as shown in Figure 12.23. Find the perpendicular speed at which the magnetic deflecting force will balance the gravitational force such that the carbon ion will travel in a straight line. Practice Problems 1. An electron, with a charge of magnitude 1.60 1019 C and a mass of 9.11 1031 kg, is travelling west along th... |
12 7/24/08 3:35 PM Page 601 In this section, you have studied the deflection of a moving charged particle in a magnetic field. Applying this science, you learned not only the importance of this phenomenon in technologies, such as a television and a magnetron, but also the significance of this phenomenon in protecting E... |
T. What is the radius of deflection of the electrons in the tube? 10. A cosmic ray proton travelling through space at 4.38 106 m/s deflects in a circular arc with a radius of 5.50 106 m. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at that point in space? Extensions 11. Why are auroras seen only at higher latitudes? e ... |
other words, 1 A 1 C/s. For example, the effective value of the current through a 100-W light bulb is about one ampere (1 A) of current. The ampere is named in honour of the French scientist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), who is renowned for his analysis of the relationship between current and magnetic force. This eq... |
a moving charge (F S N S N e Figure 12.26 A current of electrons passes through a conducting wire lying perpendicular to an external magnetic field. Chapter 12 Properties of electric and magnetic fields apply in nature and technology. 603 12-PearsonPhys30-Chap12 7/24/08 3:35 PM Page 604 PHYSICS INSIGHT Remember: If th... |
of conducting wire lies perpendicular to an external magnetic field of magnitude 4.20 mT, as shown in Figure 12.29. If there is a negative charge flow of 2.10 A in the conductor, calculate the magnitude and determine the direction of the magnetic force on the wire. S N S N Figure 12.29 Given l 8.50 cm 8.50 102 m 4.20 ... |
ammeter Questions 1. Describe any effects on the current-carrying conductor that occurred as the current through the conducting wire increased. 2. Does the hand rule verify the direction of the movement of the conducting wire? Explain which hand rule must be used. Procedure 1 Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 12... |
is now defined as the current required in each of two current-carrying wires, 1 m long and separated by 1 m in air, to produce a force of 2 107 N of magnetic attraction or repulsion. As you learned at the beginning of this section, an ampere is equivalent to the flow of 1 C of charge in 1 s. So, 1 A 1 C/s, and 1 C 1 A... |
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