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It has been hypothesized, based on physiological evidence, that there is a greater proportion of beta 2-adrenergic receptors on the myocytes of the conduction system when compared with the working myocardium. The purpose of these studies was to examine beta-adrenergic receptor subtype in the conduction system of the do... | US |
Ischemia and reperfusion of the lower torso lead to leukotriene- and neutrophil (PMN)-dependent lung injury characterized by lung PMN sequestration, increased permeability, and noncardiogenic edema. It is thought that PMNs require adhesion to endothelium to alter barrier function. This study tests the role of CD 18, th... | US |
Cocaine has been found to be a neurobehavioral teratogen in both animals and humans. In this study the effects of cocaine on the developing catecholamine systems were examined. Rats were treated gestationally with cocaine (40 mg/kg s.c.) or saline from gestational day 13 until parturition. On postnatal day 28, tyrosine... | US |
Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus-specific T cell lines were derived from the spleens of BALB/c mice primed by intranasal infection with RS virus. The lines were expanded by repeated antigenic stimulation in vitro, and separated into CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-enriched fractions by immunomagnetic adhesion. The effects of pass... | US |
1. Antibody against intact adipocytes was produced in sheep and was capable of binding to intact rat adipocytes using an immunofluorescent assay. An antibody dose level was established and subsequently used in vivo. 2. This study demonstrated inconsistent response of passive immunization procedures with crude antibody ... | US |
1. Antisera raised in rabbits and goats against intact immunoglobulins or their constituent light and heavy chains from man, mouse and the galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagenesis) were tested for their reactivity with immunoglobulins of elasmobranchs, other lower vertebrates and eutherian and prototherian mammals. ... | US |
1. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) of adult red and arctic foxes were determined over ambient temperature (Ta) ranges of -13-37 degrees C and -5-30 degrees C as oxygen consumption and amount of water in expired air using an open flow system. 2. The average RMR was 2.60 +/- 0.14 W/kg for th... | US |
1. Chromatographic analyses of bile pigments in rainbow trout reveal the presence of primarily unconjugated biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) glycosyl conjugates. Only trace amounts of unconjugated BR are present in hepatic duct (HD) bile: no beta-glucuronidase activity is detectable. 2. The per cent of BV and BR in H... | US |
In this work, we have used Xenopus oocyte maturation as a read-out for examining the ability of the neu tyrosine kinase (p185neu) to participate with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in a common signal transduction pathway. We find that unlike the case for the EGF receptor, which elicits EGF-dependent maturat... | US |
To investigate the role of T cell subsets in the development of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) in a well defined model, we used an adoptive transfer approach in which thymectomized and T cell-depleted mice [T(-)] were reconstituted with different numbers of syngeneic immune T lymphocytes after topical corneal challen... | US |
Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the cornea is a requisite step in the pathogenesis of bacteria-induced corneal disease. P. aeruginosa is capable of attaching to host epithelial cells by its pili, but there is little information regarding the epithelial receptors of this adhesin in the cornea. Using nitro-cellulo... | US |
A 9-month-old sexually intact male longhair cat was examined because of lethargy, anorexia, cold intolerance, and failure to thrive since acquisition at an early age. Clinical signs of disease were less pronounced when the cat was fed a low-protein diet. Anemia, hypoglycemia, low total CO2 content, and hyperammonemia w... | US |
With hybridization probes derived from the fimbrial locus of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381, fimA381, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were examined at the fimbrillin locus in 39 human and animal strains of this species. The 39 strains were subdivided into nine RFLP groups (I-IX) after genomic dig... | US |
Oral streptococci formerly classified as Streptococcus sanguis or Streptococcus mitis have recently been divided into four species. Two additional species have also been proposed for this group. Each species is genetically distinct, but they have many traits in common, which makes it difficult for clinical isolates to ... | US |
The bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation technique for immunocytochemical labeling of S-phase nuclei was optimized for the study of chromaffin cell proliferation. Sequential fixation in ethanol followed by paraformaldehyde, and the use of DNAse to render incorporated BrdU accessible to antibody, permitted permanent d... | US |
A B cell line, B6-1710, that expresses the defective virus known to induce murine AIDS stimulates a large fraction of nonprimed splenic T cells. Analysis of the T cell population responding to the B6-1710 for TCR V beta-chain usage revealed that, in addition to the previously reported V beta 5-chain-positive T cells, T... | US |
The parasporal body of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. shandongiensis was characterized in terms of its structure, protein composition, and toxicological properties against several types of insects. The crystals of B. thuringiensis shandongiensis appear to consist of a major protein of 144 kDa present in an spherical inc... | US |
A 92-kD transglutaminase (TGase K), expressed in human cultured keratinocytes and stratum corneum, catalyzes a critical step in the formation of the cornified envelope of terminal differentiation. A rabbit polyclonal antibody to TGase K was used to isolate overlapping cDNA clones from a human keratinocyte cDNA expressi... | US |
The genetic relatedness of 42 penicillin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis isolates obtained during a 2-year period from a single hospital was studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 genes. The PBP 2 genes of 7 sus... | United Kingdom |
Exposure of DNA oligomers to ionizing radiation in oxygenated solution reveals that the two lesions formed in highest yield are the 8-hydroxy modification of guanine and the formamido remnant of thymine. The effect of these lesions on the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond by nuclease P1 was studied. Whereas the 8-h... | US |
We suggest that the observed experimental data on relative double-strand break (dsb) yield as a function of radiation quality can act as valuable constraints in defining the type of energy deposition which causes this basic lesion in radiation biology. Both heavy-ion and alpha-particle data show sufficient trends for q... | US |
The sensitivity of the fluorescence lifetime of 1,6-diphenyl- 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) to the dielectric constant of its environment has been used to detect oxidative damage to phospholipid membranes induced by ionizing radiation. The DPH fluorescence decay in phospholipid vesicles is described well by a continuous distr... | US |
The effects of FMIQ, a perfluorochemical emulsion based on perfluoro-N-methyldecahydroisoquinoline, were examined using BALB/c mice and EMT6 mammary carcinomas. The radiobiological effects of FMIQ were similar to those found previously for Fluosol in the same tumour/host system. Although the perfluorochemical content (... | US |
Following microinjection into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the effects of glutamate on the baroreceptor reflex are poorly antagonized by kynurenic acid and DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, suggesting the possible involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in this response. The metabotropic glutamate re... | US |
Intracerebroventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (0.1-1.0 micrograms) produced a pronounced, dose-dependent enhancement of the acoustic startle reflex in rats. This excitatory effect began about 20-30 min after infusion, grew steadily over the 2 hr test period, and lasted at least 6 hr. Higher d... | US |
Quantal analysis has been applied to the inhibitory synapses made by single spiking local interneurons onto several nonspiking local interneurons (and motorneurons) in the locust CNS. Transmission at these synapses appears to be mediated by GABA. The apparent reversal potential of the IPSP and inhibitory postsynaptic c... | US |
Leukaemia is one of the most prominent late effects of exposure to ionising radiation. We have studied the incidence of leukaemia among 46,988 Swedish patients exposed to iodine-131 (131I) for diagnostic reasons or to treat hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer. The observed number of leukaemias was compared with that expe... | US |
To explore the possible role of L-homocysteic acid (HCA) as a retinal transmitter, whole-cell recordings with patch electrodes were performed on isolated rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in culture. HCA elicited an inward current at -60 mV. Similar to currents evoked at this potential in RGCs by N-methyl-D-aspartate (... | US |
Inhibitory effects of sustained delivery systems (microcapsules) of the modern antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Cit6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (SB-75) or the potent somatostatin analog D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Trp-NH2 (RC-160) were investigated in the Dunning R-33... | US |
The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the action of two accessory proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and activator 1 (A1, also called replication factor C). A1 is an enzyme that contains five different subunits (145, 40, 38, 37, and 36.5 kDa). In th... | US |
Thy-1 is a membrane protein that is attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. Purified rat brain Thy-1 could be reincorporated into the plasma membrane of murine Thy-1- cells directly from aqueous suspension and without the use of detergents. A peripheral staining pattern similar to tha... | US |
We illustrate the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for analysis of ERBB2 oncogene copy number, the level of amplification (here defined as the ratio of ERBB2 copy number to copy number of chromosome 17 centromeres), and the distribution of amplified genes in breast cancer cell lines and uncultured prima... | US |
Antigenic variation of gonococcal pili results from the unidirectional transfer of genetic information from variant-encoding partial pilin genes to an active expression locus. Two potential mechanisms that may result in the observed alterations of gene linkage and organization are conversion and transformation. To dete... | US |
An intronless gene encoding a serotonin receptor (5HT1D beta) has been cloned and functionally expressed in mammalian fibroblast cultures. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, the gene encodes a 390-amino acid protein displaying considerable homology, within putative transmembrane domains (approximately 75% identi... | US |
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate EEG sleep, especially measures of delta-wave sleep, during and after the administration of somatostatin (SRIF). Eleven normal men, ages 22-37 yr, were administered saline or SRIF (0.1 microgram/kg/min IV) over 160 min at bedtime. SRIF delayed sleep-related growth hormone (G... | US |
Both neuroleptic and nonneuroleptic medications are widely used to treat symptomatic behaviors in dementia patients. There is a substantial body of literature suggesting that neuroleptics are modestly effective in treating these symptoms, but the magnitude of their effect is limited. Nonneuroleptic medications, such as... | US |
Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin (PCNA/cyclin) in skin tissue specimens and cultured keratinocytes was studied using a monospecific antibody, obtained from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, and a monoclonal antibody. Indirect immunofluorescent staining revealed that cultured keratinocy... | US |
Therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic somatostatin analogue for the treatment of carcinoid tumors is still controversial. In vivo studies performed in our laboratory showed that a somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995, significantly inhibited growth of human pancreatic carcinoid (BON) tumors xenotransplanted into athymic nu... | US |
The chaperonin family of proteins, which includes GroEL protein of E. coli, yeast heat shock protein (hsp-60) and the ribulose-1-5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubis Co.) subunit binding protein of plant chloroplasts, shows strong sequence homology to the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mitochondrial P1 protein. We have ident... | US |
The mechanism of gastric mucosal protection by ebrotidine against ethanol-induced mucosal injury was investigated in rats treated intragastrically either with the drug or vehicle. Results of macroscopic assessment revealed that ebrotidine at doses of 50mg and higher/kg body weight effectively prevented mucosal injury, ... | US |
CD3+CD8+CD11+ cells were present in the peripheral blood of patients infected with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in higher percentage (10-20%) than in normal individuals (3-5%) in this study. These cells, through the release of soluble factors, significantly suppressed the effector phase of anti-HIV c... | US |
Stimulus-evoked cellular responses are sometimes organized in the form of propagating waves of cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase. Ca2+ waves can be elicited in cultured astrocytes by the neurotransmitter glutamate; however, the propagation mechanism is unknown. Here, qualitative and quantitative features of propagation suggest... | US |
Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (MEPSCs) were recorded by whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques in cultured rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The specific adenosine A1 receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) reduced the frequency of MEPSCs without affecting their amplitude distribution or kine... | US |
We have deduced the nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the three components of 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CBA) dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. CBS-3 and examined the origin of these proteins by homology analysis. Open reading frame 1 (ORF1) encodes a 30-kDa 4-CBA-coenzyme A dehalogenase related to enoyl-coenzyme A hy... | US |
In vitro culture of heart biopsy specimens from patients after transplantation in media containing recombinant human interleukin-2 led to the exudation of host mononuclear-cell infiltrates. Cloned T-cell lines were prepared from such infiltrates and studied for donor-specific mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytotoxic T-l... | US |
Studies of cultures and cloned T-cell lines from mononuclear cell infiltrates in cardiac biopsy specimens have provided a unique resource to study the cellular basis of human organ allograft rejection. Our laboratory has previously shown that biopsy specimens placed on autologous donor MHC-class-II-specific cloned T-ce... | US |
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) are thought to be endogenously resistant to glutamate toxicity. In this study, we sought physiological and morphological evidence of this resistance in rats that received multiple peri-nuclear injections of ibotenate. In this preparation, ibotenate prod... | US |
Hyperdiploidy with greater than or equal to 50 chromosomes is a frequent and distinct karyotypic pattern in the malignant cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To understand better the mechanism of formation of the hyperdiploid karyotype, we studied 15 patients using 20 DNA probes that detect restriction... | US |
Organotypic cerebellar cultures, some with incorporated portions of brainstem, were immunostained after 12-19 days in vitro with three different antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase. Similar cultures were reacted with glyoxylic acid and examined for catecholamine histofluorescence. Locus coeruleus and other subcortical n... | US |
Selected excitatory amino acids and antagonists were tested for their effects on arterial pressure and heart rate when administered intrathecally at the second (T2) or ninth (T9) thoracic spinal levels in urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats with spontaneous or artificial respiration. Intrathecal administration of... | Canada |
Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that are able to recognize and lyse a broad spectrum of transformed cells. We report one approach to identify NK surface recognition molecules on human tumor targets. A cloned renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line, 5117GB, sensitive to NK activity, was made NK-res... | US |
beta-Adrenergic receptors (beta AR) in the medial nuclei of tractus solitarii (m-NTS) and area postrema (AP) may bind to catecholamines released from neurons, whereas only the AP has fenestrated capillaries allowing access to circulating catecholamines. Since varied autonomic responses are seen following beta AR activa... | US |
The influences of short- and long-term castration and adrenalectomy (or both) upon corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels, CRH peptide levels, and endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) content in the hypothalamus, and basal and CRH-stimulated EOP release in vitro, were examined. Gonadal and adrenal steroids regula... | United Kingdom |
The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in specific D1 and D2 regulation of striatal and accumbens neurotensin (NT) systems was investigated. As demonstrated previously, stimulation of D1 receptors with multiple administrations of SKF 38393 significantly increased striatal and accumbens NT content to approxim... | US |
The effects of chronic administration of selective dopaminergic agonists on D1 and D2 receptor density, affinity and function were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals received daily injections (i.p.) of the D1-selective agonist SKF-38393 (10 mg/kg), the D2-selective agonist quinpirole (1 mg/kg), SKF-38393 plus qui... | US |
Intracellular recordings were made from sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in transverse neonate rat spinal cord slices. Superfusion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 25-100 microM) or (-)-baclofen (1-30 microM) consistently attenuated the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by stimulation of dorsal... | US |
Rat choriocarcinoma (Rcho) cells, which are morphologically similar to trophoblast giant cells of the normal placenta and produce placental lactogen-I in vivo, were used to investigate placental feedback on PRL secretion and tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronal activity. Rcho cells were injected into female rats ei... | US |
The effects of ethanol on signal transduction mechanisms of rat GH (rGH) release were investigated in primary culture of rat anterior pituitary cells. Ethanol (30, 100, and 300 mM) had no significant effect on basal rGH release or cell content after a 4-h incubation or on intracellular cAMP levels at 30 min. Ethanol di... | US |
Progesterone (P)-induced PRL secretion in estradiol (E)-primed monkeys is not due to direct pituitary stimulation, because lactotropes do not express progestin receptors (PR). However, the hypothalamus, particularly the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system (TIDA), plays a major role in the regulation of PRL secretion... | US |
The interactions of the general anaesthetic ketamine with the quisqualate-sensitive L-glutamate receptor (QUIS-R) of locust muscle have been investigated at the single channel level using a M omega seal patch clamp technique. Low concentrations (10(-10) to 10(-9) M) of ketamine did not significantly alter the kinetics ... | United Kingdom |
NMDA stimulated the release of endogenous or tritiated dopamine from rat striatal slices and tritiated norepinephrine from cortical and hippocampal slices. The putative polyamine antagonists ifenprodil and SL 82.0715 inhibited [3H]norepinephrine release from cortical and hippocampal slices but enhanced the basal efflux... | US |
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), like nerve growth factor (NGF), induce morphological differentiation of PC12 cells. This activity of FGF is regulated by glycosaminoglycans. To further understand the mechanisms of FGF and glycosaminoglycan actions in PC12 cells, we studied the regulation of protein phosphorylation and... | US |
Alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients presenting with pneumonitis: 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and 12 transplant recipients. Nine normal volunteers acted as controls. The cells were washed and cytospins prepared. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs... | United Kingdom |
A role for heat shock proteins (HSPs) in autoimmunity has recently been suggested by several authors. Autoantibodies against HSPs have been associated with such autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, and the NOD mouse model of diabetes. Moreover, genes for the major 70,000-M(r) HSP (HSP70) a... | US |
Somatostatin 28 (S-28), originating in gastrointestinal cells, is secreted into the circulation and increases in humans after ingestion of a mixed meal. To evaluate the possibility that the increased levels of S-28 post cibum might modulate the release of enzymes and bicarbonate from the exocrine pancreas, S-28 was inf... | US |
Unusual restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the Ha-ras locus have been found in DNA from leukocytes and tumor tissue of cancer patients. To determine whether rare alleles would be observed frequently in patients with ovarian cancer, Ha-ras RFLPs were studied in DNA from 42 different ovarian epithelial ... | US |
Uniparental disomy has been recently recognized as an important phenomenon in non-Mendelian inheritance of human genetic disorders. Several mechanisms for uniparental disomy, i.e., the presence of two homologous chromosomes derived from one parent, have been proposed. We studied two independent cases of abnormalities o... | US |
Dinucleotide CA repeat sequences in the human genome have been shown to be highly polymorphic due to variation in the length of the repeat-containing segment. Therefore, these markers can serve as anchor loci in the construction of a high-resolution genetic map of the human genome. In this study, we improved the effici... | US |
Repeat element-mediated PCR can facilitate rapid cloning and mapping of human chromosomal region-specific DNA markers from somatic cell hybrid DNA. PCR primers directed to human repeat elements result in human-specific DNA synthesis; template DNA derived from a somatic cell hybrid containing the human chromosomal regio... | US |
Homeobox-containing genes (Hox genes) are believed to play a fundamental role in development and positional identity. Four homologous Hox gene complexes are found in humans and mice. Genes at the 3' ends of these complexes tend to be expressed rostrally while those at the 5' end are expressed caudally. Whereas complete... | US |
We have constructed a long range restriction map of the S/D segment of the mouse H-2 complex by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and hybridization with mouse cDNA probes to Bf and Tnfa genes and human cDNA probes to BAT2, BAT3, BAT4, BAT5, and BAT6 genes which have recently been mapped to the human HLA complex between ... | US |
Adhesive fimbriae from Porphyromonas gingivalis are cell surface structures which may be important in the virulence of this oral pathogen and thus may serve as a critical or target antigen. Immunization with highly purified 43-kDa fimbrial protein protected against periodontal tissue destruction when tested in the P. g... | US |
In previous studies, combinations of immunotoxins reactive with different cell-surface antigens have exerted additive cytotoxicity against tumor cells in culture. In this report we describe a combination of 2 immunotoxins that produce synergistic cytotoxic activity. Recombinantly derived ricin A chain (RTA) was conjuga... | US |
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infection of mammary glands results in proviral insertion into host DNA and activation of cellular genes. Clonal expansion of cells bearing insertional mutations results in hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) and tumors. HAN, transplanted into epithelium-cleared mammary fat pads, form h... | US |
Educators often are asked to provide information regarding students' responses to medication used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We designed a questionnaire to determine the knowledge and attitudes of educators regarding stimulants. Two hundred ninety-one regular classroom and spe... | US |
The ability of vagal and glossopharyngeal afferent neurons to retrogradely transport 3H-D-aspartate from the nucleus tractus solitarius to the nodose and petrosal ganglia was examined. Injections of 3H-D-aspartate centered in the medial NTS at the rostral-caudal level of the area postrema failed to consistently label c... | US |
Thymus-derived lymphocytes undergo death after gamma-irradiation via a pathway termed apoptosis, or programmed cell death. An early step in this pathway is the production of nucleosome-sized fragments of DNA. DNA fragmentation was used as the endpoint in these investigations to examine apoptosis in lymphocytes extracte... | US |
CD2-mediated T lymphocyte activation requires surface expression of CD3-Ti, the T cell receptor (TCR) for antigen major histocompatibility complex protein. Given the importance of CD3 zeta in TCR signaling, we have directly examined the ability of the CD3 zeta cytoplasmic domain to couple CD2 to intracellular signal tr... | US |
To investigate the in vivo cellular tropism of human T cell leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II), subpopulations of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected individuals were isolated and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of provirus. In eight of nine patients, HTLV-II was detected exclusi... | US |
The selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and elicits several physiological responses in rat hippocampal slices. However, recent studies suggest that the physiological effects of trans-ACPD in the hippocampus... | US |
A hair cell (octavolateralis mechanoreceptor cell) sheet preparation from the trout saccular macula was superfused with bicarbonate-based physiological saline. Among the primary amine-containing compounds resolved by cation-exchange HPLC, glutamate alone was released in a statistically significant manner with elevation... | US |
Horizontal cells (HCs) appear to release, and also to be sensitive to, GABA. The external GABA concentration is increased with depolarization of the HC membrane via an electrogenic GABA transporter. This extracellular GABA opens a GABAA-gated Cl- channel in the HC membrane. Since the equilibrium potential for Cl- (ECl)... | US |
The development and adult production of birdsong are subserved by specialized brain nuclei, including the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), and its afferents originating in the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and the lateral portion of the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (L-M... | US |
Converging lines of evidence suggest that the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the site of the endogenous biological clock controlling mammalian circadian rhythms. To study the calcium responses of the cellular components that make up the clock, computer-controlled digital video and confocal scanning laser... | US |
We have studied the effect of dark rearing on the development of excitatory amino acid transmission in 6-week-old kittens. In normal kittens, the NMDA component of the visual response decreases between 3 and 6 weeks of age for cells located in layers IV, V, and VI (Fox et al., 1991). Dark rearing to 6 weeks of age prev... | US |
Principal cells in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are believed to be critical components in the circuit subserving sound localization. These cells, located in the superior olivary complex, convert excitatory inputs, arriving from the contralateral cochlear nucleus by way of large somatic synapses (the ... | US |
To determine the effectiveness and costs of alternative management strategies for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who present with pulmonary symptoms. | US |
There is considerable evidence for the involvement of cholinergic and opioid systems in the pathophysiological responses associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To some extent, interest in this area has been eclipsed by a strong focus on, and rapid progress in, studies of the role of excitatory amino acids in TBI... | US |
We reported previously that following ileocystoplasty the structure and pharmacologic response of the implanted ileum changes towards that of the bladder. Specifically, the relaxation response to alpha adrenergic (methoxamine) and purinergic (ATP) stimulation reverses to a contractile response one month after the ileal... | US |
Increased expression of "muscle-specific" actin can be correlated with mesangial cell injury and proliferation in the rat. We performed similar immunohistochemical studies using two monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to "muscle-specific" actins (HHF-35, a MoAb to pan muscle actin and alpha-SM-1, a MoAb to alpha-smooth muscle... | US |
This study was conducted on Drosophila melanogaster mutants with different levels of catalase activity in order to assess the role of antioxidant defenses in the aging process. We present here the analysis of two mutant strains: the catn1/catn4 heterozygote which exhibits no detectable catalase activity and the catn2 h... | US |
The treatment of asthma is undergoing significant change with an emphasis on anti-inflammatory therapy. While glucocorticoids are the most potent anti-inflammatory agent, certain patients fail to respond. These patients may be candidates for alternative anti-inflammatory therapy, such as troleandomycin, methotrexate, g... | US |
Previously, we have demonstrated that intrathecally (i.t.) administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in mice produces stimulus-specific antinociception and modulation of morphine-induced antinociception by mechanisms involving spinal kappa opioid receptors. Recently, we also have found that CRF releases immunor... | US |
Several classes of drugs that modify serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission are either currently used, or are being evaluated for their potential use in the treatment of anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression. 5-HT1A agonists are considered potential anxiolytics, while some atypical antipsychotics are potent 5-HT2 antagoni... | US |
Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of a large receptor reserve for agonists at somatodendritic 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) serotonin receptors in the raphe nuclei of the rat. 5-HT1A agonists with anxiolytic properties (e.g., buspirone, gepirone, and ipsapirone) display full intrinsic activity at these ... | US |
Two distinct affinity states of low affinity Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) receptors in rat intestinal membranes, with dissociation constants of 0.12 and 2.5 nM, were identified. Kinetic binding studies demonstrated biphasic association kinetics, whereas dissociation was unimodal. These studies also con... | US |
Whole-cell recordings from rat cortical neurons in dissociated cell culture were used to study the antagonism of glutamate receptors by several lipophilic benzazepine analogues of 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-3-hydroxy-1H-benzazepine (DDHB). DDHB and three substituted derivatives, 4-bromo-, 7-methyl-, and 8-methyl-DDHB, inhib... | US |
The 98 amino acid (a.a.) N-terminus of the 126 a.a. atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) prohormone contains three peptides consisting of a.a. 1-30 (proANF 1-30), a.a. 31-67 (proANF 31-67) and a.a. 79-98 (proANF 79-98) with blood pressure lowering, sodium and/or potassium excreting properties similar to atrial natriuretic f... | US |
The crystal structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and assignments of celiprolol, N'-[3-acetyl-4[3-[N-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl]-N,N- diethylurea, are reported. Celiprolol crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P2(1)/a, with a = 9.081(2), b = 13.800(4), and c = 17.471(5) A and beta = 95.... | US |
Specific receptors for bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, somatostatin, and EGF were investigated in 15 human colon cancer specimens. Eight of 15 clinical specimens (15%) of colon cancer showed the presence of somatostatin receptors. Octapeptide somatostatin analogs, RC-160 and RC-121, showed 10 times higher binding a... | US |
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