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Total body x-irradiation has been utilized in the treatment of several human diseases, including leukemia, where it is followed by bone marrow transplantation, and in some autoimmune disorders. Recently, it was reported that total body irradiation appeared useful in the treatment of Friend leukemia virus infection in m... | US |
The influence of genotype on the rewarding and locomotor activating effects of morphine and ethanol was examined in the place conditioning paradigm. Two inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J) were exposed to a differential conditioning procedure in which each mouse received four pairings of a distinctive floor stim... | US |
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded membrane protein, LMP, is expressed in a proportion of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). Previous studies have shown that the transfection of the gene encoding LMP into a human keratinocyte line, RHEK-1, induces morphological alterations and a reduced expression of c... | US |
The dependence of L-glutamate influx on extracellular Na and L-glutamate concentrations was determined using internally dialyzed single muscle fibers of Balanus nubilus. Internal Na and glutamate concentrations were held at zero, and the cell membrane potential was constant. Flux activation curves for external glutamat... | US |
We adapted the Weiser method, previously used to fractionate enterocytes of rat and rabbit intestine, to the much smaller intestine of mice. By histological, morphometric, enzymatic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical evidence, the method succeeded in removing mouse enterocytes sequentially along the crypt-villus ax... | US |
Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that the in vitro addition of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] rapidly (seconds to minutes) stimulated membrane phosphoinositide turnover, translocated protein kinase C from the cytosolic to particulate fraction, increased cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i), and ... | US |
The fear-potentiated startle paradigm, in which the amplitude of the startle reflex is enhanced in the presence of a stimulus previously paired with footshock, was used to measure aversive conditioning after intra-amygdala infusion of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphon... | US |
Mercury poisoning occurred after the acute, prolonged exposure of 53 construction workers to elemental mercury. Of those exposed, 26 were evaluated by clinical examination and tests of neuropsychological function. Patients received treatment with chelation therapy in the first weeks after exposure. Eleven of the patien... | US |
Exposure to elemental mercury vapour is known to influence renal function; however, severe renal disease has not been consistently identified. Eleven men were evaluated for renal disease after acute, massive mercury poisoning. Significant hyperchloraemia was identified in this group of patient and a reversible renal tu... | US |
Biotinylated peptides Biot-Gln-Gln-Ile-Val and Biot-epsilon-Aca-Gln-Gln-Ile-Val were shown to act as acceptor substrates for amines in reactions catalyzed by both tissue transglutaminase and coagulation factor XIIIa. Moreover, the peptides could be employed for specifically blocking the potential amine donor sites of p... | US |
Examination of the role of carbohydrates in specific recognition between spermatozoa and zona pellucida has focussed on understanding the interaction of sperm hydrolases or lectin-like molecules with zona pellucida ligands. To elucidate the role of specific spermatozoan hydrolases in gamete interaction, rabbit testis b... | US |
The aims of the present study were to characterize the sympathetic innervation of the nonpregnant sheep uterus, to determine the catecholamine content in myometrium (MYO) and endometrium, and to study the effects of chemical sympathectomy (CHSPX) on uterine catecholamine content and on uterine electromyographic (EMG) a... | US |
We have analyzed the specificity and structural basis of the CD4+ helper T cell (Th) response of BALB/c mice to influenza virus. We find that many of the viral proteins are recognized by Th, and for one of these proteins we have defined eight distinct Th determinants. Moreover, Th that recognize a single determinant us... | US |
Recent evidence suggests that the human neuromuscular disorders, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and paramyotonia congenita, are both caused by genetic defects in the alpha-subunit of the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel, which maps near the growth hormone cluster (GH) on Chromosome (Chr) 17q. In view of the extens... | US |
Lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can be induced in MHC-matched strain combinations which differ in their expression of multiple minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. It has been shown that CD8+ T cells play an important role in the development of disease directed to the minor H antigens, and that initial indica... | US |
We have examined the antimetastatic effects of taxol on a PC-3 human prostatic tumor variant (PC-3 ML) which metastasizes to the lumbar vertebrae in severe combined immunodeficiency-carrying (SCID) mice. Immunofluorescence labeling indicated that taxol (0.5 to 1.0 microM for 6 h) produced an abnormal bundling of microt... | US |
Mouse goosecoid is a homeobox gene expressed briefly during early gastrulation. Its mRNA accumulates as a patch on the side of the epiblast at the site where the primitive streak is first formed. goosecoid-expressing cells are then found at the anterior end of the developing primitive streak, and finally in the anterio... | US |
A higher level of cytochrome P-450 (P450)-dependent ethylmorphine (EM) N-demethylase activity was observed in hepatic microsomes from mice fed a natural-ingredient diet ("crude diet") than in those from mice fed a semi-purified diet ("purified diet"). This led to the testing of individual ingredients of the crude diet ... | US |
Methacrylonitrile (MeAN), a widely used industrial chemical, is metabolized to cyanide in rats, mice, and gerbils. Cyanide levels following oral administration of 0.5 or 1 LD50 dose of MeAN were determined in blood and organs of treated animals. Male Mongolian gerbils were 50-fold more sensitive to MeAN than Sprague-Da... | US |
The comparative metabolism and disposition of furfural (FAL) and furfuryl alcohol (FOL) were investigated following oral administration of approximately 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 of the LD50, corresponding to approximately 0.127, 1.15, and 12.5 mg/kg for FAL and 0.275, 2.75, and 27.5 mg/kg for FOL. At all doses studied, at ... | US |
Hepatic microsomal metabolism of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been extensively studied in many rodent species, but there have been few reports describing such metabolism in humans. Because several THC metabolites are known to be pharmacologically active, identifying the P-450 subfamilies responsible for their... | US |
Thiol methyltransferase (TMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of aliphatic sulfhydryl drugs and xenobiotic compounds. As a first step in the determination of whether genetic control of TMT activity in an easily accessible human cell, the red blood cell (RBC), might reflect the regulation of TMT in the human liver, we deter... | US |
Retinol (4,000 ng/ml), all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide (4,000 ng/ml), and 13-cis-retinoic acid (1,500 ng/ml) each produced dysmorphogenic effects qualitatively similar to those elicited by 250 ng/ml of all-trans-retinoic acid after microinjections of the respective individual retinoids into the amniotic cavities of... | US |
Using benzoic acid as substrate, this study tested the hypothesis that capacity limitation of glycine conjugation in vivo is due to substrate-induced depletion of hepatic cosubstrates (i.e., ATP, coenzyme A, and glycine) utilized in the conjugation reaction. Benzolyglycine formation was investigated by following the di... | US |
The comparative metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, [14C]monocrotaline, was studied using rat and guinea pig hepatic microsomes. Metabolites were quantified to the nanomole level using HPLC and radiometric detection. Triorthocresylphosphate and carbon monoxide were used to assess the involvement of carboxylestera... | US |
The effects of vitamin K3 treatment on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of (+)-propranolol and the consequences of hepatic injury associated with vitamin K3 treatment were examined in groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats. When vitamin K3 (20 mg/kg) in polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) was coinfused with (+)-propranolo... | US |
The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in the lactating rabbit and suckling pup. The ability of a diffusional model to predict milk-to-serum drug concentration ratios (M/S) observed in vivo from in vitro experiments was established. The distribution into milk of caf... | US |
Ibuprofen [(racemic)2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid] has been proposed but not directly demonstrated to undergo unidirectional inversion from the (R)- to the (S)-configuration via a coenzyme A (CoA) thioester intermediate. Chemically synthesized (R)- and (S)-ibuprofenyl-CoA, and rat and human liver homogenates were ... | US |
We describe a locus, SUPERMAN, mutations in which result in extra stamens developing at the expense of the central carpels in the Arabidopsis thaliana flower. The development of superman flowers, from initial primordium to mature flower, is described by scanning electron microscopy. The development of doubly and triply... | US |
Despite obvious differences in the patterns of early embryonic development, vertebrates share a number of developmental mechanisms and control genes, suggesting that they use similar genetic programs at some stages of development. To examine this idea, we isolated and characterized one such gene, pax-6, a member of the... | US |
In spite of the different patterns of GH secretion observed in male and female rats, it can be argued that there are limited differences between the mechanism of action of androgens and estrogens as reported in the literature. However, we feel that it is possible to organize the available data into a unique physiologic... | US |
We have investigated the possible role of chaperonins groEL and groES in the folding and assembly of heterotetramers (alpha 2 beta 2) of mammalian mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1) in Escherichia coli. The mature E1 alpha subunit fused to maltose-binding protein (MBP) was coexpressed with ... | US |
To examine the role of the transmembrane domain (TM) of the insulin receptor in insulin-induced receptor kinase activation, we prepared four mutated insulin receptors: 1) a Val938----Asp substitution (IR/TMv----D), 2) insertion of a 3-amino acid repeat (Val938-Phe939-Leu940) (IR/TM+3), or the entire TM was replaced by ... | US |
To investigate whether GTP concentrations can be a regulatory step in exocytotic hormone secretion, we treated isolated rat islets with mycophenolic acid (MPA) or mizoribine, two selective inhibitors of de novo GTP synthesis. When islets were cultured overnight in purine-free medium containing the drug, MPA reduced GTP... | US |
Rat tyrosine hydroxylase expressed with a baculovirus expression system contains covalent phosphate and has kinetic parameters consistent with those expected of phosphorylated enzyme (Fitzpatrick, P. F., Chlumsky, L. J., Daubner, S. C., and O'Malley, K. L. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2042-2047). The phosphorylation site... | US |
Complementary DNA (cDNA) that codes for a major androgen-dependent secretory protein of rat coagulating gland and dorsal prostate, dorsal protein 1 (DP1), was isolated by molecular cloning. Recombinant DP1 cDNA clones were identified from a bacteriophage lambda gt11 rat coagulating gland expression library using an aff... | US |
The insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-producing cells in the pancreatic islets derive from a common precursor stem cell and differentiate sequentially during embryonic development, thereby providing an informative model for the study of the transcriptional mechanisms involved in the control of cell-specific gene ex... | US |
The expression of the genes encoding the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide in the endocrine islets of the pancreas is regulated in a cell-specific manner, defining four distinct cellular phenotypes (A-, B-, D-, and F-cells, respectively). Binding of nuclear proteins to cognate DNA seq... | US |
The brush border membrane of the proximal tubule contains two efflux pathways for organic cations from the cell to the tubular fluid: a P-glycoprotein and an organic cation/H+ exchanger. There is evidence that they transport many of the same substrates. Their structural relatedness is unknown and is the subject of this... | US |
We have examined the regulation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene (PCNA) in a hamster fibroblast cell line (tk-ts13) which is temperature sensitive for growth. These tk-ts13 cells, at the restrictive temperature, are growth arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cells were stably transfected with ... | US |
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP), the most common form of familial hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets, is an X-linked dominant disorder characterized by decreased renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and consequent hypophosphatemia. Despite the application of a wide variety of biochemical and cell bi... | US |
The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by human cerebral endothelium was studied in primary cultures of human brain microvessel endothelial cells following treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interferon-gamm... | US |
Inbred strains of mice exhibit large genetic variations in hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. A tissue-specific genetic variation between the strains BALB/c and C57BL/6, resulting in about 5-fold higher levels in hepatic reductase activity in strain C57BL/6, was examined in deta... | US |
In 1988, a total of 990 work-related injuries to the foot of employees from private-sector companies were characterized in an occupational injury/illness surveillance system maintained by a network of occupational health centers. The mean age of the worker with a foot injury was 34.2 years (+/- 12.0), with 83% occurrin... | US |
Systemic drainage of pancreatic venous effluent and denervation of the pancreas that follows pancreatic transplantation has been shown to alter postoperative glucose disposal despite elevated levels of peripheral insulin in response to a glucose challenge. Since an appreciable fraction of postprandial glucose disposal ... | US |
Transcripts from many mitochondrial genes in kinetoplastids are heterogeneous in size, often occurring as 2 distinct size classes, but this cannot be accounted for by RNA editing alone. Analyses of transcripts from 6 mitochondrial genes of Trypanosoma brucei indicates that the size variation is due to poly(A) tail leng... | US |
The prion protein (PrP) gene on chromosome 20 encodes a protein designated PrPC. An abnormal, protease-resistant isoform of PrPC, denoted PrPCJD or PrPSc, is present in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In Libyan Jews, CJD segregates with a point mutation at codon 200 of the PrP gene, resulti... | US |
The contractile response of the bladder can be divided into two phases: an initial rapid increase in tension and a prolonged period of sustained tension (plateau phase). The bladder empties primarily during the plateau phase of the contractile response. These two phases can be differentiated using both pharmacologic an... | US |
Ehrlichia risticii, an obligate intracellular bacterium in the family Rickettsiaceae, causes Potomac horse fever which is often associated with severe watery diarrhoea. The mechanism of the diarrhoea is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether sodium and chloride transport, morphology and cyclic adenosin... | US |
DA2 dopamine receptors are present in renal blood vessels and glomeruli. Stimulation of DA1 dopamine receptors leads to renal vasodilation, diuresis, and natriuresis, but a functional role for renal DA2 receptors is largely unknown. We investigated the possible role of DA2 receptors in the control of renal function by ... | US |
We tested the hypothesis that differential sympathetic innervation explains the attenuated cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to hypercapnia (hyper) in fore-brain (fb) compared with brain stem in 1- to 2-wk-old piglets. In pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized piglets, CBF (microspheres) was measured during hypocapnia, nor... | US |
Previous studies have shown enhanced neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and then reoxygenated (A/R). To define the molecular basis for these observations, we evaluated the relative roles of CD11/CD18 determinants (CD11a and CD11b) of neurtrophils and the endothelial adhesion proteins intercellul... | US |
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA) and nitroarginine have been reported to be competitive inhibitors of the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). In chronically instrumented conscious rats, we observed that the pressor response of NMA was attenuated by pretreatment with L-arginine but not by pretreatmen... | US |
Methods and calculations for the continuous measurement of secretion of radiolabeled neurotransmitter from cultured neuronal cells are demonstrated. The method is used to measure the secretion of [3H]-norepinephrine by neuronally differentiated PC12 cells in response to a stepwise presentation of a depolarizing stimulu... | US |
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was purified from tumours of rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells by a three-step purification procedure giving 30 mg of pure enzyme in 3 days. The enzyme sedimented with an S(eo),w value of 9.2 S and revealed an apparent subunit molecular mass of 62 kDa with a minor 60 kDa component. Two-dimens... | US |
In response to acidosis, renal ammoniagenesis is stimulated, enhancing urinary buffering power, while hepatic ammoniagenesis and ureagenesis decrease, so as to spare bicarbonate consumed in the urea cycle. 2-Oxoglutarate (2-OG) levels can regulate ammoniagenesis in kidney and gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney. Since ... | US |
In a genetic selection experiment whose goal was to construct congenic neurological animal model lines with different mesotelencephalic dopamine systems, we produced foundation F2 generations derived from crosses (C57BL/6ByJXBALB/cJ and C57BL/6ByJXCXBI/ByJ) between highly inbred mouse lines with different dopamine syst... | US |
We have examined the mechanism by which the transcriptional activity of the cAMP-responsive factor CREB is attenuated following induction with forskolin. Metabolic labeling studies reveal that, after an initial burst of phosphorylation in response to cAMP, CREB is dephosphorylated and transcription of the cAMP-responsi... | US |
The elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in mice is due to the sequential action of two different antigen-specific Thy-1+ cells. We have previously cloned the early-acting DTH-initiating cell from nude mice that were immunized and boosted by contact sensitization with oxazolone (OX). This clone ... | US |
Infants are reported to be devoid of memory T cells at birth but acquired them with time. A cross-sectional study of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected and uninfected infants and children that bear the CD4R0 antigen was undertaken to describe the development of memory T cells. Linear regression lines ... | US |
The mature forms of the extracellular muramidase-2 of Enterococcus hirae and Streptococcus faecalis autolysin have very similar primary structures. Each consists of an active-site-containing N-terminal domain fused to a multiple-repeat C-terminal domain. Polypeptide segments occurring at equivalent places in these two ... | US |
Lymphocyte adhesion to target cells is mediated, in part, by the interaction of lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1) with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Cells of the B cell line, JY, express both coreceptors and have been used as a model for intercellular adhesion mediated by these molecules. Elevat... | US |
Ag independent adhesion between lymphocytes and target cells is mediated in part by the interaction between lymphocyte function associated Ag-1 (LFA-1) and its coreceptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Within minutes, PMA treatment of JY cells, which express both LFA-1 and ICAM-1, induced capping of LFA-1 ... | US |
A cDNA encoding the T cell activation Ag CD26 was isolated from human PHA-activated T cells by using an expression cloning method. The nucleotide sequence obtained predicts a protein of 766 amino acids of type II membrane topology, with six amino acids in the cytoplasmic region. The predicted amino acid sequence of the... | US |
The role of specific neuronal populations in epileptic foci was studied by comparing epileptic and non-epileptic cortex removed from patients with low-grade gliomas. Epileptic and nearby (within 1 to 2 cm) non-epileptic temporal lobe neocortex was identified using electrocorticography. Cortical specimens taken from fou... | US |
Whether infection with influenza B virus alters hepatic function was examined in the ferret. Also, the possibility that viral-specific antibodies (Ab) could be produced well before their detection in serum was explored. During the febrile period of influenza, reductions in the serum potassium, anion gap, ammonia, album... | US |
In membrane preparations derived from primary cultures of chick myocardial cells, beta adrenergic receptors modeled for a single low-affinity site for both betaxolol (beta-1-selective) and ICI 118551 (beta-2-selective) displacement of [125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP), indicating that the chick beta receptor is pharmacolo... | US |
The present work provides a detailed pharmacological characterization of dihydrexidine (DHX) (trans-10,11-dihydroxy- 5,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridine), the first high-potency, full efficacy, bioavailable D1 dopamine receptor agonist. DHX represents a new conformationally rigid structural class of dopamine... | US |
Mosquito abundance and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus activity were monitored in five valleys in southeastern California from June 1986 through April 1990 to study virus overwintering and possible dissemination from south to north along geographically defined corridors. Cu... | US |
Prevalence of schizophrenia and rates of first admission to hospital for this disorder are higher in most modern industrialised cities, and in urban compared with rural areas. The "geographical drift" hypothesis (ie, most schizophrenics tend to drift into city areas because of their illness or its prodrome) has remaine... | United Kingdom |
Inactivation of the protein product of the wild-type tumour suppressor gene p53 through complexing of the protein with the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in HPV-infected cells is thought to be important in the aetiology of cervical carcinoma. Mutations of p53 have also been reported in HPV-negative carc... | US |
In the US Physicians' Health Study the early termination of the aspirin arm has provided the opportunity to test the hypothesis that low-dose aspirin (325 mg on alternate days) might affect the subsequent occurrence of peripheral arterial surgery. In the study, a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial among 2... | US |
A little recognised feature of neurons is their large complement of lysosomes. Studies of the accumulation of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPSC) in the prion encephalopathies and the formation of beta/A4 protein from its precursor in Alzheimer's disease suggest that generation of these key proteins takes... | United Kingdom |
The effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (3 g/kg b.wt.) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system was explored as a possible explanation of the hypothermic effect of ethanol. Serum thyroid hormones were significantly reduced by ethanol injection, but ethanol did not affect the cold-induced increa... | US |
The Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIA delta-endotoxin gene is found as the third-gene in a three-gene operon, with a sporulation-dependent promoter lying upstream of the first gene, orf1. We show here that the polypeptide product of the middle gene (orf2) is required for efficient expression of the toxin gene. In the absen... | United Kingdom |
Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have previously been shown to promote neurite outgrowth from retinal ganglion cells and a variety of other neurons. We have studied the effect on neurite outgrowth of several Thy-1 MAbs with quantitatively similar binding properties and found that only certain Thy-1 MAbs promote neuri... | US |
Atrial fibrillation (AF) encompasses a variety of discrete clinical syndromes, including paroxysmal, chronic, acute, and postoperative. Digoxin, long considered the mainstay of therapy for rate control in all types of AF, appears to have only modest electrophysiologic effects, which are mediated primarily by the autono... | US |
A classical (Mendelian) genetic analysis of responses to eight sedative-hypnotic compounds (ethanol, urethane, trifluoroethanol, chloral hydrate, barbital, paraldehyde, methyprylon, pentobarbital) was conducted in crosses derived from mouse lines that were selectively bred for differential duration of anesthesia follow... | US |
The responses of canine tracheal ciliary beat frequency (CBFt) to total lung, tracheal lumen, and peripheral lung hyperoxia, to tracheal lumen anoxia with or without peripheral lung hypoxia, and to isolated tracheal lumen hyperoxia combined with a beta-antagonist were delineated in anesthetized beagle dogs. CBFt was me... | US |
Positron emission tomography and selective radioligands were used to determine D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy induced by neuroleptics in the basal ganglia of drug-treated schizophrenic patients. In 22 patients treated with conventional dosages of classical neuroleptics, the D2 occupancy was 70% to 89%. Patients ... | US |
Rod outer segments of retina contain guanylate cyclase activity both in the cytosol and membrane fractions. Though the activity in the cytosol is a small fraction of the total activity, it is highly activated by nitroprusside, a nitric oxide generating agent. The membrane guanylate cyclase on the other hand is unaffect... | US |
A simple method has been developed for the isolation of DNA from agarose gels. Centrifugation in a low-cost device for 45 s at low speed provides a high yield of DNA suitable for further manipulation by restriction enzymes, T4 DNA ligase, Taq polymerase, Klenow fragment, and T4 polynucleotide kinase, and also for seque... | United Kingdom |
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) have been hypothesized to reflect opposing states of dopamine (DA) function. In this longitudinal study, 57 psychotic inpatients were rated repeatedly for TD, DIP, and psychosis while receiving neuroleptic medication. Cross-sectional correlations among TD, DIP... | US |
A large family with autosomal dominant segregation of presenile dementia, and other neurological and behavioural features is described. At various times, family members have carried diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, myoclonic epilepsy, atypical dementia, Pick's disease, Creutz... | United Kingdom |
Single shock stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), intercostal nerve (ICN), phrenic nerve (PN) or within the medullary respiratory groups (DRG-VRG) produces a transient, short-latency attenuation of inspiratory motor activity. Trains of stimuli delivered to SLN and ICN cause premature termination of inspir... | US |
Sex differences are described in subregions of two nuclei of the rat brain: the medical nucleus of the amygdala (MA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The volume of the posterodorsal region of the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MApd) is approximately 85% greater and the volume of the encapsulated reg... | US |
The effects of exercise on regional myocardial blood flow and function were examined in the presence and absence of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in 10 adult conscious dogs with severe left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy induced by aortic banding in puppies, which increased the LV weight/body weight ratio by 87%. Exe... | US |
Our previous studies indicate that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating renal sodium (Na+) metabolism during high Na+ intake, and that DA1 receptors are involved in natriuretic response to acute volume expansion. It has also been shown that in addition to the changes in renal hemodynamics, the natriureti... | US |
Although the precise role of retinoids in limb development remains obscure, the finding that retinoic acid can produce major alterations in limb patterning suggests that this ligand might be involved in the process of limb morphogenesis. Here we describe the patterns of expression of retinoic acid receptors and cytosol... | US |
The concentration of glutamate as well as the hydroxylation of salicylate, as an index of hydroxyl free radical formation, has been determined in the abdominal aorta and heart of gerbils undergoing an ischemia/reperfusion insult (IRI) and compared to control sham-operated gerbils. The amount of glutamate and hydroxylat... | US |
Glycerol was found to unravel the helical conformation of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae without appreciable depolymerization. The linearized fimbrial polymers have a diameter of 2 nm, react strongly with a monoclonal antibody directed at an inaccessible epitope on native fimbriae, and display greater mannose-binding... | US |
The rat neu oncogene product is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor subgroup of the superfamily of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. The oncogenic activation of the neu protein occurs by a point mutation within its transmembrane region which results in an increase in its tyrosine kinase activi... | US |
The band 3 protein of the human red blood cell membrane contains a glutamate residue that must be protonated in order for divalent (SO4=) anion transport to take place at an appreciable rate. The carboxyl side chain on this glutamate residue can be converted to the primary alcohol by treatment of intact cells with Wood... | US |
Regulation of the procollagen type I (Pro alpha 1) gene in cultured Ito cells by diverse cytokines was studied. Specifically, we have examined the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) on collagen biosynthesis, levels of Pro alp... | US |
We previously demonstrated that a heterotypic complex of the two rat asialoglycoprotein receptor subunits was assembled during cell-free translation (Sawyer, J. T., and D. Doyle. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:4854-4858). We have characterized this system further by analyzing polypeptide interactions under both r... | US |
Enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) for mouse prolactin was established by modifying a method originally developed for human prolactin by Shrivastav et al. This simple, sensitive, rapid, and reproducible assay utilizes penicillinase as the labeling enzyme, rabbit anti-mouse prolactin antibody (Ab) and goat anti-rabbit Ig ... | US |
It is feasible to study the anatomical, physiological, and biochemical properties of identifiable neurons in lobster embryos. To exploit fully the advantages of this preparation and to lay the foundation for single-cell studies, our recent goals have been to 1) establish a quantitative staging system for embryos, 2) do... | US |
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry has been used to measure dopamine (DA) synaptic overflow in slices of rat caudate nucleus induced by electrical stimulation with one-, two-, and 50-pulse, 10-Hz trains. Synaptic overflow in this preparation is shown to be the result of the competing effects of release and cellular uptake. R... | US |
In the presence of 1 mM spermine, accumulations of 3H labelled inositol phosphates elicited by quisqualate (100 microM) and 1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylate (t-ACPD, 300 microM) were significantly enhanced by 21 and 26%, respectively, without a significant alteration in the accumulation elicited by L-glutama... | United Kingdom |
1. Descending influences produced by focal electrical stimulation in the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis (NGC) and gigantocellularis pars alpha (NGC alpha) on spinal nociceptive transmission and the dorsoventral region of spinal white matter mediating stimulation-produced modulation were examined in pentobarbital ... | US |
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