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Prior research has suggested a weaker parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects on the heart in type A (coronary-prone) men. To confirm this phenomenon and extend our understanding of it, we investigated the effects of prior muscarinic blockade on the electrocardiogram T wave and other cardiovascular and neuroe... | US |
Arrhythmias resulting from treatment with sodium channel-blocking antiarrhythmic drugs have been successfully treated with sodium infusion, although the mechanism underlying this effect is uncertain. | US |
Cocaine may produce life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, but it is not clear whether this is an indirect effect of coronary vasoconstriction and ischemia or a direct myocardial effect of the substance. Except for its effects on the Na+ current as a local anesthetic, little is known about the direct electrophysiologica... | US |
Recent reviews conclude that there is some evidence that drug abusers' self-reports are reliable and valid. However, there are wide variations among studies depending upon the samples and procedures used to obtain the data. The current study was conducted to extend the findings in this area. An examination of the intak... | US |
The maintenance and developmental remodeling of extracellular matrix is crucial to such processes as uterine implantation and the cell migratory events of morphogenesis. When mouse blastocysts are placed in culture they adhere to extracellular matrix, and trophoblast giant cells migrate out onto the matrix and degrade ... | US |
Cell surface proteins anchored to membranes via covalently attached glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) have been implicated in neuronal adhesion, promotion of neurite outgrowth and directed cell migration. Treatment of grasshopper embryos with bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), an enzyme... | US |
Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis was characterized in epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi using the fluorescence probe Fura-2. Despite an increase in extracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]o, from 0 to 2 mM, cytosolic Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, increased only from 85 +/- 9 to 185 +/- 21 nM, indicating the presence of highly eff... | US |
1. Experiments were designed to examine the effect of cholera toxin and forskolin on the release of relaxing factor(s) from superfused cultured endothelial cells under basal conditions and upon stimulation with bradykinin, adenosine diphosphate or the calcium ionophore A23187. 2. Exposure of cultured porcine aortic end... | US |
The control of expression of the Adh-1 gene of Drosophila mojavensis has been analyzed by transforming ADH null Drosophila melanogaster hosts with P element constructs which contain D. mojavensis Adh-1 having deletions of different extent in the 5' and 3' ends. Adh-1 expression in the D. melanogaster hosts is qualitati... | US |
The P-rr allele of the maize P gene regulates the synthesis of pigments derived from flavan-4-ol in the pericarp, cob glumes and other floral organs. We characterized 21 P alleles derived by intragenic transposition of Ac from three known positions. Ac transpositions can occur in either direction in the P gene, and wit... | US |
It has been suggested that the primary evolutionary role of transposable elements is negative and parasitic. Alternatively, the target specificity and gene regulatory capabilities of many transposable elements raise the possibility that transposable element-induced mutations are more likely to be adaptively favorable t... | US |
To identify mechanisms that influence the evolution of bacterial transposons, DNA sequence variation was evaluated among homologs of insertion sequences IS1, IS3 and IS30 from natural strains of Escherichia coli and related enteric bacteria. The nucleotide sequences within each class of IS were highly conserved among E... | US |
Two retrovirus promoter trap vectors (U3His and U3Neo) have been used to disrupt genes expressed in totipotent murine embryonal stem (ES) cells. Selection in L-histidinol or G418 produced clones in which the coding sequences for histidinol-dehydrogenase or neomycin-phosphotransferase were fused to sequences in or near ... | US |
We present evidence that insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mediates growth in early mouse embryos and forms a pathway in which imprinted genes influence development during preimplantation stages. mRNA and protein for IGF-II were expressed in preimplantation mouse embryos, but the related factors IGF-I and insulin ... | US |
Ligands, especially desferrioxamine, affect the rate at which vanadium reduces or oxidizes cytochrome c. Whether reduction or oxidation occurs, and how fast, depends on the nature of the ligand, the state of reduction of the vanadium, the pH (6.0, 7.0, or 7.4), and the availability of oxygen. In general, oxidation of f... | US |
When rat liver mitochondria are treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in the presence of the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals are detected attributable to spin adducts resulting from the trapping of methyl, tert-butoxyl, and tert-butylperoxyl radica... | US |
We investigated the processing enzymes involved in the formation of circulating angiotensin-(1-7) after intravenous administration of angiotensin I to conscious spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Immunoreactive products, including angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and angiotensin-(1-7), were measured in art... | US |
Increased vascular sensitivity to catecholamines characterizes mineralocorticoid hypertension. The present study investigated three possible sites that may account for this abnormality: agonist affinity, Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins. Adult male Sprague-Dawley ... | US |
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) activates soluble guanylate cyclase, resulting in an increase in vascular smooth muscle guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels, which correlates with its relaxing effect. Using a microdialysis technique, we investigated changes in right and left renal interstitial ... | US |
We have shown previously that neutrophils (PMNs) from patients with asthma have a more potent stimulated respiratory burst than normals and that their respiratory burst is significantly less suppressed with exposure to 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO). The present studies investigated the basis of this defect in responsivene... | US |
Leukopenia and pulmonary leukostasis are prominent features in patients succumbing to pneumococcal (PNC) infections. We examined mechanisms involved in recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into pulmonary capillaries and alveolae after PNC sonicate injection. We showed that by 15 min postinjection, PMN ch... | US |
The combination of recombinant human fibroblast (IFN-beta) and immune (IFN-gamma) interferon induces enhanced growth suppression and modifies the antigenic phenotype in parental and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. The present study was conducted to explore the mechanism underlying ... | US |
This study examines the contribution of hospital discharge planning in meeting the needs of patients for care after their return home. A random sample of 919 admissions (age 60 and over) to five hospitals was studied to obtain information on characteristics of discharge planning during the patients' hospital stay. Spec... | US |
Two regulatory mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, R1 and RA, that affect transcription of the pilin gene were isolated. This was done by introducing a plasmid carrying a fusion of the pilin gene's promoter with the lacZ gene into a bank of P. aeruginosa DNA mutagenized with the transposon Tn5G. The block in pilin expre... | US |
A new osmotically inducible gene in Escherichia coli, osmY, was induced 8- to 10-fold by hyperosmotic stress and 2- to 3-fold by growth in complex medium. The osmY gene product is a periplasmic protein which migrates with an apparent molecular mass of 22 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. A genetic fusi... | US |
A 74-kDa iron-regulated outer membrane protein of Vibrio cholerae acts as the receptor for the V. cholerae iron-siderophore complex, ferric vibriobactin. MBG14, a mutant of V. cholerae 0395 containing a TnphoA insertion in a gene designated viuA, lacks this 74-kDa outer membrane protein and is unable to bind or utilize... | US |
CRH, a hypothalamic peptide that is the most potent ACTH secretagogue known, also appears to be produced in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. Depressed patients have blunted responses to exogenous CRH and normal to high concentrations of CRH immunoreactivity in single morning samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (C... | US |
We have previously shown that highly purified urinary hCG has the potential to both stimulate the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP and induce growth of immortalized rat thyroid cells. We have now compared the ability of recombinant human TSH and purified urinary hCG preparations to stimulate Chinese hamster ova... | US |
When this series of experiments was begun in 1984, the activity of each lateral superior olive (LSO) in the mammalian hindbrain was known to encode the hemifield of acoustic space containing a sound source. However, the almost random bilaterality of its ascending projections seemed to jumble that identification before ... | US |
We recently reported that the mannan component of Trichophyton rubrum cell wall (TRM) has an inhibitory influence on cell-mediated immune function in vitro. We now describe experiments designed to identify the target cell for this effect of TRM. T. rubrum mannan labeled with fluorescein (FITC-TRM) was incubated with pe... | US |
In summary, we have seen that endothelins are potent cardiovascular and renal regulatory peptides. Cardiovascular regulation by endothelin requires complex spatial and temporal regulation of endothelin gene expression and the coordinated interplay of numerous signaling pathways. Although the precise physiologic role fo... | US |
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) has substantial homology with both human and rat parathyroid hormone (66% and 73%, respectively) in the first 15 amino acids. PTHrP (1-34) stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) release in bone and kidney, and these effects are felt to occur through interaction with... | US |
Some rotavirus strains, including vaccine candidates, have been demonstrated to cause hepatitis in immunodeficient and malnourished mice and to grow in human liver cells. To determine whether rotavirus spreads outside the intestine in naturally infected children, we examined tissues from four immunodeficient children a... | US |
To ascertain the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the course of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we reviewed the charts of all children with AIDS who also had a lung biopsy specimen or a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen cultured for CMV at the t... | US |
1. The mechanism of action of picrotoxin on GABA receptor channels in rat sympathetic neurones has been investigated with whole-cell clamp. In addition, the action of picrotoxin on single GABA channels has been examined in outside-out membrane patches from these cells. 2. Picrotoxin, at concentrations which dramaticall... | United Kingdom |
1. The calcium influx pathway in large synaptic terminals of acutely isolated bipolar neurons from goldfish retina was characterized using Fura-2 measurements of intracellular calcium and patch-clamp recordings of whole-cell calcium current. 2. Depolarization of bipolar cells with high [K+]o resulted in a sustained, re... | US |
1. Voltage-activated currents through calcium channels in primary cultures of murine dorsal root ganglion cells (DRG) were studied with the whole-cell and cell-attached patch recording techniques. 2. The chemical phosphatase 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) reversibly reduced the amplitude of L-type calcium current (ICa)... | US |
1. Agonists known to increase cyclic AMP levels in gastrointestinal smooth muscles were studied in isolated circular muscles of the canine antrum to investigate the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of these agents. 2. Muscles were electrically active, generating typical slow wave activity. Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt... | US |
1. Adrenal responses to intra-aortic infusions of pure synthetic ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), and to electrical stimulation of the preganglionic sympathetic innervation, have been investigated in functionally hypophysectomized conscious calves, in the presence and absence of a specific CRF antagonist. 2... | United Kingdom |
1. The specific contributions of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative metabolism to Na+ pump activity were quantitated in porcine carotid arteries under aerobic conditions. 2. Active reaccumulation of potassium by potassium-depleted tissues could be supported by oxidative metabolism alone, anaerobic metabolism in the prese... | US |
Cyclical changes in concentration of plasma progesterone, urinary oestrone-conjugates and urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) were compared in young and older cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and saddle-backed tamarins (S. fuscicollis). A group of six young adult tamarin females (4-5 years of age) was sampled over e... | US |
Gelatin degrading matrix metalloproteinases in synovial fluid from 21 patients with inflammatory arthritis were shown to consist of two distinct gene products, 92 and 70 kDa gelatinases. The gelatinolytic activity of 92 kDa enzyme, which is released from stimulated neutrophils, was positively correlated to neutrophil c... | US |
The mercury resistance locus encoded by Tn21 on the monocopy IncFII plasmid R100 (merTn21) consists of a metal-responsive activator/repressor, merR, which controls initiation of a polycistronic message that includes genes for the uptake (merTPC) and reduction (merA) of Hg2+ and merD, which may also play a minor regulat... | US |
Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been identified in breast cancer cell lines, and some breast carcinomas are detectable by immunohistochemical assay because of p53 protein accumulation. | US |
Nitric oxide (NO) caused a potent, marked, and transient relaxation of precontracted strips of corpus cavernosum isolated from humans and rabbits. The relaxation response elicited by NO was very similar to the relaxation evoked by electrical field stimulation via the nonadrenergic-noncholinergic pathway. Sodium nitropr... | US |
Leukotrienes are products of the 5-lipooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism that possess potent inflammatory properties. We examined the potential role of this pathway in the decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) observed in rats after unilateral release of bila... | US |
The pathogenesis of hypertension in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is unclear, but increased activity of the renin-angiotension system may contribute. The renal and systemic hemodynamic response to lisinopril, an angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, in patients with ADPKD without renal ... | United Kingdom |
Studies were performed to examine the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide- (ANP) stimulated guanylate cyclase in the the inner medulla. Primary cultures of rat inner medullary collecting tubular cells exposed to 10(-7) M ANP increased cGMP formation to 31.2 +/- 1.8 compared to the basal production of 2.1 +/- 0.6 f... | US |
Leukemic cells from seventy patients with various types of human leukemias were examined for expression of the WT1 gene, the Wilms' tumor gene located at chromosome 11p13. WT1 was expressed in 7 of 16 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 15 of 22 with acute myelogenous leukemia and 8 of 10 in blast crisis of chronic ... | US |
Brain levels of the calcium binding protein Calbindin-D28K (CaBP28K) and CaBP28K mRNA were measured for various animal models of neurodegenerative diseases (MPTP-treated C57BL/6J mice and Sprague-Dawley rats receiving striatal/intraperitoneal kainic acid or quinolinic acid into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis). Bra... | US |
Zif268 and krox-20 are transcription regulatory factors that contain highly homologous zinc finger DNA-binding domains. Recent studies have demonstrated that zif268 expression is rapidly regulated in brain by neuronal stimulation. We now report that, like zif268, krox-20 is rapidly and transiently activated by electroc... | US |
Gene expression of the axonal growth-associated protein, GAP-43, has been studied in the adult rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. This protein is synthesized at high levels in neuronal somata in immature and regenerating neurons, but after establishment of mature synaptic relations its synthesis general... | US |
One-dimensional 31P nuclear magnetic resonance images (projections) of synthetic calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6, have been obtained for samples on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 cm in linear extent at 7.4 T magnetic field strength. Because of the solid state nature of these samples, short 31P spin-spin relaxation tim... | US |
Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the L-enantiomer of baclofen conjugated by glutaraldehyde to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Hybridoma clones were selected for their stability and their production of high titers of antibodies directed against the p-chlorophenyl moiety of the L-baclofen molecule. The chosen antibod... | US |
Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to determine the distribution of excitatory amino acid binding sites in the basal ganglia of rat brain. alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, kainate, quisqualate-sensitive metabotropic and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate, non-kainate, no... | US |
We have cloned the rat homolog of the human leukocyte common antigen-related gene (LAR), which encodes a transmembrane receptor phosphotyrosine phosphatase, and raised antibodies against its protein product. We present evidence here for a processing event resulting in a two-chain structure of the mature receptor on the... | US |
The met proto-oncogene is a member of the tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor family and is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor. The primary met product is a 150 kDa precursor that is glycosylated to generate a 170 kDa (p170met) proreceptor protein. The mature form of the receptor is ge... | US |
To study the mechanism by which SV40 large T antigen transforms cells under physiological conditions, we analysed several mutant forms of T antigen for their ability to induce cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. These mutant proteins, which differ in their ability to form complexes with the tumor s... | US |
A peripheral mononeuropathy was produced in adult male rats by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. As reported by others, this procedure reliably results in postoperative behavior indicative of hyperalgesia, allodynia, and potentially, spontaneous pain. In these experiments, thermal ... | US |
Interactions between selective opioid agonists acting at spinal mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors were evaluated by co-administering a low-antinociceptive dose of the selective delta-agonist, DPDPE, or the selective kappa-agonist, U50,488H, with sequentially increasing doses of the selective mu-agonist, DAMGO, in... | US |
Previous studies have established that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) sensitizes cutaneous nociceptors. In this study the effects of LTB4 on spontaneous and stimulus-evoked nerve activity from primary afferents innervating the dentin of canines in adult cats were examined. LTB4 treatment (25 micrograms/ml) significantly enhance... | US |
The expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in vertebrate striated muscle is regulated both during development by nerve-evoked muscle activity and by local factors released or associated with the nerve ending. The expression pattern of AChR is achieved by coordinate regulation of four embryonic subuni... | US |
The three-subunit aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is structurally and functionally homologous to the more complex mitochondrial oxidase. The largest subunit, subunit I, is highly conserved and predicted to contain 12 transmembrane segments that provide all the ligands for three of ... | US |
A proposed Wilms tumor gene, WT1, which encodes a zinc finger protein, has previously been isolated from human chromosome 11p13. Chemical mismatch cleavage analysis was used to identify point mutations in the zinc finger region of this gene in a series of 32 Wilms tumors. Two exonic single base changes were detected. I... | United Kingdom |
We have analyzed dioxin-inducible, Ah receptor-dependent changes in protein-DNA interactions at the CYP1A1 transcriptional promoter in intact mouse hepatoma cells. Our findings indicate that in uninduced cells, the promoter is inaccessible to its cognate binding proteins, which are known to be expressed constitutively.... | US |
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a primary mediator of systemic responses to sepsis and infection, can be injurious to the organism when present in excessive quantities. Here we report that two types of naturally occurring soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II) circulate in human experimental endotoxemia ... | US |
Previously cloned voltage-dependent sodium channels exhibit a high degree of homology to one another and appear to comprise a single multigene family. We have now isolated and characterized cDNAs from both human adult heart and fetal skeletal muscle that encode a sodium channel alpha subunit that exhibits only moderate... | US |
Of the four major types of Ca channel described in vertebrate cells (designated T, L, N, and P), N-type Ca channels are unique in that they are found specifically in neurons, have been correlated with control of neurotransmitter release, and are blocked by omega-conotoxin, a neuropeptide toxin isolated from the marine ... | US |
The C6-2B glioma cell line, rich in mitochondrial receptors that bind with high affinity to benzodiazepines, imidazopyridines, and isoquinolinecarboxamides (previously called peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors), was investigated as a model to study the significance of the polypeptide diazepam binding inhibitor (D... | US |
An experimental model to study synthesis of cholesterol and pregnenolone from the precursor mevalonolactone (MVA) was developed in C6-2B glioma cells. The steroidogenic capability of this cell line and the regulation of pregnenolone production by 4'-chlorodiazepam (4'CD), a specific ligand for the mitochondrial diazepa... | US |
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate the dynamics of alpha-chymotrypsin in solvents ranging in dielectric constant from 72 to 1.9. EPR measurements showed that motions in the vicinity of two spin-labeled amino acids (Met-192 and Ser-195) dec... | US |
In Experiment 1, one-week infusion of insulin (0.15, 1.5, or 15.0 microU/hr) into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of rats reduced body weight (BW) and nighttime food intake (FI). While 0.15 microU/h decreased daytime FI, 1.5 microU/h increased daytime FI and 15.0 microU/h left daytime FI unchanged. Total daily FI w... | US |
The discussion of proofreading started in the April issue of TIBS is completed by treating the two branched Michaelis-Menten enzymes that can proofread. The conditions required for proofreading can be seen to determine the expression of proofreading in its biological settings. There are surely instances of proofreading... | US |
A cat experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) but known to be free of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) developed lymphosarcoma. The lesions in the liver and kidneys were present nine months after infection, when the cat was 21 months old. The cat had no overt signs of immunodeficiency and it is su... | United Kingdom |
Studies in rodents have shown that short-term increases in dietary fat result in fat cell enlargement and insulin resistance. In humans, although high-fat diets have been associated with obesity, little is known about the specific metabolic effects of these diets. In this study we explored possible associations between... | US |
The phenotypic expression of Russell bodies (RB) in the tumor cells of two patients with different types of B-cell lymphoma and of one patient with plasma cell myeloma were examined. In both B-cell lymphomas, the RBs reacted consistently with anti-Leu 8 and anti-immunoglobulin M. The RBs in one case also reacted with o... | US |
Obstetric hemorrhage may occur throughout pregnancy and the puerperium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reactivity of isolated, suffused uterine arteries from obstetric patients with uncontrollable uterine bleeding and to compare those blood vessels with uterine arteries from patients undergoing cesare... | US |
Methods for the efficient use of limiting amounts of fatty acid probes in the synthesis of individual molecular species of plasmenylcholine have been developed. Plasmenylcholine molecular species were synthesized through acylation of homogeneous 1-O-(Z)-hexadec-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine utilizing fatty acid a... | US |
The use of two different amino acid-selective fluorogenic reagents for the derivatization of peptides is investigated. One such scheme utilizes a selective reaction of benzoin with the guanidine moiety to derivatize arginine residues occurring in a peptide. The second scheme involves the formylation of tyrosine, follow... | US |
We evaluated the effect of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on plasma immunoreactive (IR) concentrations of ACTH, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and cortisol in 8 dogs with naturally acquired adrenocortical insufficiency. Of the 7 dogs with primary adrenal insufficiency, 6 had markedly high basal plas... | US |
We investigated cellular mechanisms that may be involved in controlling cytosol calcium and pulmonary artery pressure during hypoxia and normoxia in isolated blood-perfused ferret lungs. Alveolar hypoxia in ferret lungs causes an active increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction direc... | US |
The aim was to explore the effects of delmopinol, a substituted amino-alcohol compound recently reported as a potential antiplaque agent, on GTF activity in solution and when adsorbed on to sHA. Delmopinol was without a significant effect on GTF activity in solution. In contrast, a reduction in the bound glucans synthe... | US |
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II) has been purified from hen whole brain. The enzyme was purified 3000-fold using phosphocellulose and calmodulin-Agarose column chromatography. The specific activity was 200 nmol/min/mg protein. Microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) was used as a substrate t... | US |
Macrophages have specialized functions in different tissue microenvironments such as lymphohaemopoietic organs and the nervous system. Recently, progress has been made in defining cellular and molecular properties of isolated and tissue macrophages in the developing and adult animal. | United Kingdom |
The invariant chain has two critical properties that regulate the function of the class II glycoproteins with which it associates. It prevents class II molecules from binding antigenic peptides during the early stages of their assembly and transport, and it contains a signal that drives the assembled class II-invariant... | US |
A study has been carried out using relatively intact mature muscle fibers from the barnacle Balanus nubilus to see whether D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 stimulates the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux following its microinjection and whether this is accompanied by a contraction of the fiber. Part of the impetus for a study of this type ... | US |
Receptors of the hematopoietin superfamily, including the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, lack a tyrosine kinase domain as well as other sequences indicative of a known signaling mechanism. In this report, we identify the serine/threonine kinase, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP... | US |
Nude mice bearing xenografts of MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cell line were treated for 4 weeks with AN-51, a somatostatin octapeptide analog D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2 (RC-121) containing methotrexate attached to the alpha-amino group of D-Phe in position 1. Control groups of mice received saline, R... | US |
In an attempt to clarify the chronological relationships between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, B cell immortalization and c-fgr activation, we evaluated for the presence of EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), cellular DNA synthesis and expression of c-fgr-specific RNA following infection of human peripheral bl... | US |
In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry have been applied to investigate the expression of c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and transforming growth factor alpha mRNAs and their respective receptor mRNAs in three primary human gastric carcinomas and in their adjace... | US |
1. Increased rates of fatty acid oxidation are frequently observed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and may contribute to hyperglycaemia by both decreasing peripheral glucose disposal and, more importantly, by increasing the rate of gluconeogenesis and therefore hepatic glucose output. Despite t... | United Kingdom |
In this study we have investigated the effect of angiotensin-II (A-II) on cortisol production and 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450(17 alpha)) expression in primary cultures of ovine adrenocortical cells and the A-II receptor subtypes that mediate these responses. While A-II alone had no stimulatory effect on ... | US |
The influence of glucosamine on beta-cell response characteristics of collagenase-isolated rat islets was determined. Groups of islets were incubated for 2 h with myo-[2-3H]inositol to label their phosphoinositide (PI) pools. Also included in some experiments was glucosamine (0.1-10 mM). Subsequently, these islets were... | US |
Ca2+ and other polyvalent cations as well as polycations, such as neomycin, produce similar effects on intracellular second messengers and PTH release in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells, but it is unclear whether all of these agents share the same mechanism of action. The lectin Concanavalin-A (Con-A) and the activa... | US |
We previously characterized human placental cytosolic cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and found that two low K(m) cAMP PDE isoforms that were very sensitive to inhibition by cGMP and cilostamide were activated by insulin. As a first step toward understanding the mechanisms by which insulin activates this enzyme, we purifi... | US |
This study investigates the signaling pathways that lead to acute augmentation of secretagogue-induced LH secretion, the physiologically relevant manifestation of which is LHRH self-potentiation. The consequence of LHRH self-potentiation is an augmented LH secretory response to subsequent exposure to the peptide. Altho... | US |
The present experiments were designed to investigate structure-function relationships, and identify the receptor subtype and postreceptor cellular mechanisms that mediate the ovarian hormone-dependent, excitatory, and inhibitory effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on LH release in female rats. Intracerebroventricular admin... | US |
The role of ion channels in the secretion of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary gonadotropes has been difficult to study at the single cell level because the cells are difficult to distinguish from other pituitary cell types. Recently, a cell line, alpha T3-1, has been generated that makes and secretes the alpha-sub... | US |
To characterize tyrosine kinase activity in signaling ligand/receptor internalization, metabolic labeling and surface radioligand binding were used to follow the processing of both normal and tyrosine kinase-deficient human insulin receptors. The mutant receptor (A/K1018) has an alanine substituted for lysine 1018 in t... | US |
Two distinct isoforms of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide synthase (PGS) have been identified in rat ovarian tissues: rPGSi (mol wt, 70,000-72,000) is induced by FSH and LH in preovulatory follicles, whereas the other isoform (mol wt, 69,000) is not. Induction of rPGSi is associated with LH-stimulated increases in PG bi... | US |
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