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this is not poetry this is not philosophy this is math those who carry the baton are slower but their baton is faster miracle of cooperation it multiplies energy intelligence in human efforts it is the essence of human efforts how we work together how each effort contributes to the efforts of others with cooperation we can do more with less now what happens to cooperation when the holy grail the holy trinity even of clarity measurement accountability appears clarity management reports are full of complaints about the lack of clarity compliance audits consultants' diagnostics
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first we've got to warm it up mars is incredibly cold because it has a very thin atmosphere the answer lies here at the south pole and at the north pole of mars both of which are covered with an incredible amount of frozen carbon dioxide dry ice if we heat it up it directly into the atmosphere and thickens the atmosphere the same way it does on earth and as we know is an incredibly potent greenhouse gas now my favorite way of doing this is to erect a very very large solar sail and focus it it essentially serves as a mirror and focus it on the south pole of mars at first as the planet spins it will heat up all that dry ice sublime it and it will go into the atmosphere it actually won't take long for the temperature on mars to start rising probably less than years right now on a perfect day at the equator in the middle of summer on mars temperatures can actually reach degrees but then they go down to minus at night
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but what would you do there how would you live it's going to be the same as it is on earth somebody's going to start a restaurant somebody's going to build an iron foundry someone will make documentary movies of mars and sell them on earth some idiot will start a reality tv show
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ago i gave a ted talk on ways the world could end suddenly we are incredibly vulnerable to the whims of our own galaxy a single large asteroid could take us out forever to survive we have to reach beyond the home planet think what a tragedy it would be if all that humans have accomplished were suddenly obliterated and there's another reason we should go exploration is in our two million years ago humans evolved in africa and then slowly but surely spread out across the entire planet by reaching into the wilderness that was beyond their horizons
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a girl i've never met before changed my life and the life of thousands of other people i'm the of org it's one of the largest organizations in the world for young people in fact it's bigger than the boy scouts in the united states and we're not homophobic
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data evidence makes policy research journalism policing school boards everything better i don't think of myself as a mental health activist i think of myself as a national health activist i get really excited about this data i'm a little nerdy yeah that sounded too i'm nerdy
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and it's true the way we communicate with young people is by text because that's how young people communicate so we'll run over campaigns this year things like collecting peanut butter for food or making valentine's day cards for senior citizens who are homebound and we'll text them and we'll have a percent open rate it'll over index hispanic and urban we collected jars of peanut butter and over valentine's day cards
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and we'll text them and we'll have a percent open rate it'll over index hispanic and urban we collected jars of peanut butter and over valentine's day cards this is big scale ok but there's one weird side effect every time we send out a text message we get back a few dozen text messages having nothing to do with peanut butter or hunger or senior citizens but text messages about being bullied text messages about being addicted to pot and the worst message we ever got said exactly this he won't stop raping me it's my dad
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every time we send out a text message we get back a few dozen text messages having nothing to do with peanut butter or hunger or senior citizens but text messages about being bullied text messages about being addicted to pot and the worst message we ever got said exactly this he won't stop raping me it's my dad he told me not to tell anyone are you there we couldn't believe this was happening we couldn't believe that something so horrific could happen to a human being and that she would share it with us something so intimate so personal and we realized we had to stop this and we had to build a crisis text line for these people in pain so we launched crisis text line very quietly in chicago and el paso just a few thousand people in each market and in four months we were in all area codes in america
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we get things like i want to die i have a bottle of pills on the desk in front of me and so the crisis counselor says how about you put those pills in the drawer while we text and they go back and forth for a while and the crisis counselor gets the girl to give her her address because if you're a text line you want help so she gets the address and the counselor triggers an active rescue while they're back and forth and then it goes quiet minutes with no response from this girl
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these are the near earth asteroids discovered just last year and these are all of the known near earth asteroids which at last count was each one has been cataloged and had its path around the sun determined although it varies from asteroid to asteroid the paths of most asteroids can be predicted for dozens of years and the paths of some asteroids can be predicted with incredible precision for example scientists at the jet propulsion laboratory predicted where the asteroid was going to be four years in advance to within kilometers in those four years traveled billion kilometers that's a fractional precision of
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i am holding something remarkably old it is older than any human artifact older than life on earth older than the continents and the oceans between them this was formed over four billion years ago in the earliest days of the solar system while the planets were still forming this rusty lump of nickel and iron may not appear special but when it is cut open you can see that it is different from earthly metals this pattern reveals metallic crystals that can only form out in space where molten metal can cool extremely slowly a few degrees every million years this was once part of a much larger object one of millions left over after the planets formed
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asteroids are our oldest and most numerous cosmic neighbors this graphic shows near earth asteroids orbiting around the sun shown in yellow and swinging close to the earth's orbit shown in blue the sizes of the earth sun and asteroids have been greatly exaggerated so you can see them clearly teams of scientists across the globe are searching for these objects discovering new ones every day steadily mapping near earth space much of this work is funded by nasa i think of the search for these asteroids as a giant public works project but instead of building a highway we're charting outer space building an archive that will last for generations
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the government of egypt fell in activists raided the office of the secret police and among the many documents they found was this document by the gamma corporation by gamma international gamma is a german company that manufactures surveillance software and sells it only to governments it's important to note that most governments don't really have the in house capabilities to develop this software smaller ones don't have the resources or the expertise and so there's this market of western companies who are happy to supply them with the tools and techniques for a price gamma is just one of these companies i should note also that gamma never actually sold their software to the egyptian government they'd sent them an invoice for a sale but the egyptians never bought it instead apparently the egyptian government used a free demo version of software
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my friends at an organization called the electronic frontier foundation they're a civil society group obtained hundreds of documents from the detailing their next generation of surveillance technologies most of these documents were heavily redacted but what you can see from the slides if i zoom in is this term remote operations unit now when i first looked into this i'd never heard of this unit before i've been studying surveillance for more than six years i'd never heard of it and so i went online and i did some research and ultimately i hit the mother lode when i went to the social networking site for job seekers there were lots of former u s government contractors who had at one point worked for the remote operating unit and were describing in surprising detail on their what they had done in their former job
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one prominent bahraini activist who was arrested and tortured by his government has said that the interrogators showed him transcripts of his telephone calls and text messages of course it's no secret that governments are able to intercept telephone calls and text messages it's for that reason that many activists specifically avoid using the telephone
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there's nothing to indicate that the microphone is enabled this is the managing director of gamma international his name is martin muench
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suddenly i was a civilian again i knew i wanted to give acting another shot because again this is me i thought all civilian problems are small compared to the military i mean what can you really bitch about now you know it's hot someone should turn on the air conditioner this coffee line is too long i was a marine i knew how to survive i'd go to new york and become an actor if things didn't work out i'd live in central park and dumpster dive behind bread
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my friends were serving without me overseas but also because i didn't know how to apply the things i learned in the military to a civilian context i mean that both practically and emotionally practically i had to get a job and i was an infantry marine where you're shooting machine guns and firing mortars there's not a lot of places you can put those skills in the civilian world
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and kill the joker tonight like most nights i'm all alone and i'm watchin' and i'm waitin' like a eagle or like a no yeah like a eagle
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my cape is flapping in the wind cause it's long and my pointy ears are on and that mask that covers like half my face is on too and i got like bulletproof stuff all in my chest so no one can hurt me and nobody nobody is gonna come between batman
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somewhere in the city there's a old lady picking styrofoam leftovers up out of a trash can and she's putting a piece of sesame chicken someone spit out into her own mouth and somewhere there's a doctor with a wack haircut in a black lab coat trying to find a cure for the diseases that are gonna make us all extinct for real one day and somewhere there's a man a man in a uniform stumbling home drunk and dizzy after spending half his paycheck on bottles of twist off beer and the other half on a four hour visit to some lady's house on a street where the lights have all been shot out by people who'd rather do what they do in this city in the dark and half a block away from janitor man there's a group of good who don't know no better waiting for janitor man with rusted bicycle chains and imitation louisville sluggers and if they don't find a cent on him which they won't they'll just pound at him till the muscles in their arms start burning till there's no more teeth to crack out but they don't count on me they don't count on no dark knight with a stomach full of grocery store brand macaroni and cheese and cut up vienna sausages
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parents' house paying rent selling vacuums telemarketing cutting grass at the local fairgrounds this was my world going into september so after the and feeling an overwhelming sense of duty and just being pissed off in general at myself my parents the government not having confidence not having a respectable job my mini fridge that i just drove to california and back i joined the marine corps and loved it i loved being a marine it's one of the things i'm most proud of having done in my life firing weapons was cool driving and detonating expensive things was great
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it's one of the things i'm most proud of having done in my life firing weapons was cool driving and detonating expensive things was great but i found i loved the marine corps the most for the thing i was looking for the least when i joined which was the people these weird dudes a motley crew of characters from a cross section of the united states that on the surface i had nothing in common with and over time all the political and personal bravado that led me to the military dissolved and for me the marine corps became synonymous with my friends and then a few years into my service and months away from deploying to iraq i dislocated my in a mountain biking accident and had to be medically separated those never in the military may find this hard to understand but being told i wasn't getting deployed to iraq or afghanistan was very devastating for me i have a very clear image of leaving the base hospital on a stretcher and my entire platoon is waiting outside to see if i was ok and then suddenly i was a civilian again i knew i wanted to give acting another shot because again this is me i thought all civilian problems are small compared to the military
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it's a powerful thing getting in a room with complete strangers and reminding ourselves of our humanity and that self expression is just as valuable a tool as a rifle on your shoulder and for an organization like the military that prides itself on having acronyms for acronyms you can get lost in the sauce when it comes to explaining a collective experience
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it's a craft it's a political act it's a business it's whatever adjective is most applicable to you but it's also a service
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you we're going to be doing a piece from marco ramirez called i am not batman an incredible actor and good friend of mine jesse perez is going to be reading and matt johnson who i just met a couple hours ago they're doing it together for the first time so we'll see how it goes jesse perez and matt johnson
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he's staring off into nowhere his face the color of sidewalks in summer and i act like i'm just waking up and i say ah what's up pop and janitor man says nothing to me but i see in the dark i see his arms go limp and his head turns back like towards me and he lifts it for i can see his face for i could see his eyes and his cheeks is but not with sweat
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look the homes are full of machines i can't even name them all and they also when they want to travel they use flying machines that can take them to remote destinations and yet in the world there are so many people who still heat the water on fire and they cook their food on fire sometimes they don't even have enough food and they live below the poverty line there are two billion fellow human beings who live on less than two dollars a day and the richest people over there there's one billion people and they live above what i call the air line because they spend more than a day on their consumption but this is just one two three billion people and obviously there are seven billion people in the world so there must be one two three four billion people more who live in between the poverty and the air line they have electricity but the question is how many have washing machines i've done the scrutiny of market data and i've found that indeed the washing machine has penetrated below the air line and today there's an additional one billion people out there who live above the wash line
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lecture to environmentally concerned students they tell me no everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines how can we tell this woman that she ain't going to have a washing machine and then i ask my students i've asked them over the last two years i've asked how many of you doesn't use a car and some of them proudly raise their hand and say i don't use a car and then i put the really tough question how many of you hand wash your jeans and your bed sheets and no one raised their hand even the hardcore in the green movement use washing machines
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i was only four years old when i saw my mother load a washing machine for the very first time in her life that was a great day for my mother my mother and father had been saving money for years to be able to buy that machine and the first day it was going to be used even grandma was invited to see the machine and grandma was even more excited throughout her life she had been heating water with firewood and she had hand washed laundry for seven children and now she was going to watch electricity do that work
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else happened in the early and that was that there was a mysterious epidemic of failures of tape drives all over the united states and which made them just didn't know what to do they commissioned a group of their best scientists to investigate and what they found was that all these tape drives were located near ventilation ducts what happened was the was formulated with minute traces of tin and these tin particles were deposited on the tape heads and were crashing the tape heads so they reformulated the but what's interesting to me is that this was the first case of a mechanical device suffering at least indirectly from a human disease so it shows that we're really all in this together
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i've learned that they're really the essence of what makes for progress even when they seem to be terrible and i'd like to review just how unintended consequences play the part that they do let's go to years before the present to the time of the cultural explosion when music art technology so many of the things that we're enjoying today so many of the things that are being demonstrated at ted were born and the anthropologist randall white has made a very interesting observation that if our ancestors years ago had been able to see what they had done they wouldn't have really understood it they were responding to immediate concerns
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but since the age of instead of seeing color i can hear color in i started a project with computer scientist adam and the result with further collaborations with peter from slovenia and matias from barcelona is this electronic eye it's a color sensor that detects the color frequency in front of me and sends this frequency to a chip installed at the back of my head and i hear the color in front of me through the bone through bone conduction so for example if i have like this is the sound of purple for example this is the sound of grass this is red like ted this is the sound of a dirty sock
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so life has changed dramatically since i hear color because color is almost everywhere so the biggest change for example is going to an art gallery i can listen to a picasso for example so it's like i'm going to a concert hall because i can listen to the paintings and supermarkets i find this is very shocking it's very very attractive to walk along a supermarket it's like going to a nightclub it's full of different melodies
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especially the aisle with cleaning products it's just fabulous
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also the way i dress has changed before i used to dress in a way that it looked good now i dress in a way that it sounds good
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and after some time this perception became a feeling i started to have favorite colors and i started to dream in colors so when i started to dream in color is when i felt that the software and my brain had united because in my dreams it was my brain creating electronic sounds
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so also voices i can transform speeches into color for example these are two very well known speeches one of them is martin luther king's i have a dream and the other one is hitler and i like to exhibit these paintings in the exhibition halls without labels and then i ask people which one do you prefer and most people change their preference when i tell them that the one on the left is hitler and the one on the right is martin luther king so i got to a point when i was able to perceive colors just like human vision i was able to differentiate all the degrees of the color wheel
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to a point when i was able to perceive colors just like human vision i was able to differentiate all the degrees of the color wheel but then i just thought that this human vision wasn't good enough there's many many more colors around us that we cannot perceive but that electronic eyes can perceive so i decided to continue extending my color senses and i added infrared and i added ultraviolet to the color scale so now i can hear colors that the human eye cannot perceive for example perceiving infrared is good because you can actually detect if there's movement detectors in a room i can hear if someone points at me with a remote control and the good thing about perceiving ultraviolet is that you can hear if it's a good day or a bad day to sunbathe because ultraviolet is a dangerous color a color that can actually kill us so i think we should all have this wish to perceive things that we cannot perceive that's why two years ago i created the foundation which is a foundation that tries to help people become a tries to encourage people to extend their senses by using technology as part of the body
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we should all think that knowledge comes from our senses so if we extend our senses we will consequently extend our knowledge i think life will be much more exciting when we stop creating applications for mobile phones and we start creating applications for our own body i think this will be a big big change that we will see during this century so i do encourage you all to think about which senses you'd like to extend i would encourage you to become a you won't be alone thank you
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now part of that is due to technology the that you all either have in your hands or close enough that you could grab them really quickly according to pew research about a third of american teenagers send more than a hundred texts a day and many of them almost most of them are more likely to text their friends than they are to talk to them face to face there's this great piece in the atlantic it was written by a high school teacher named paul barnwell and he gave his kids a communication project he wanted to teach them how to speak on a specific subject without using notes and he said this i came to realize
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i make my living talking to people nobel prize winners truck drivers billionaires kindergarten teachers heads of state plumbers i talk to people that i like i talk to people that i don't like i talk to some people that i disagree with deeply on a personal level but i still have a great conversation with them so i'd like to spend the next minutes or so teaching you how to talk and how to listen many of you have already heard a lot of advice on this things like look the person in the eye think of interesting topics to discuss in advance look nod and smile to show that you're paying attention repeat back what you just heard or summarize it so i want you to forget all of that it is crap
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multitask and i don't mean just set down your cell phone or your tablet or your car keys or whatever is in your hand i mean be present be in that moment don't think about your argument you had with your boss don't think about what you're going to have for dinner if you want to get out of the conversation get out of the conversation but don't be half in it and half out of it number two don't pontificate if you want to state your opinion without any opportunity for response or argument or or growth write a
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the flow that means thoughts will come into your mind and you need to let them go out of your mind we've heard interviews often in which a guest is talking for several minutes and then the host comes back in and asks a question which seems like it comes out of nowhere or it's already been answered that means the host probably stopped listening two minutes ago because he thought of this really clever question and he was just bound and determined to say that and we do the exact same thing we're sitting there having a conversation with someone and then we remember that time that we met hugh jackman in a coffee shop
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if they're talking about having lost a family member don't start talking about the time you lost a family member if they're talking about the trouble they're having at work don't tell them about how much you hate your job it's not the same it is never the same all experiences are individual and more importantly it is not about you you don't need to take that moment to prove how amazing you are or how much you've suffered somebody asked stephen hawking once what his was and he said i have no idea people who brag about their are losers
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what they care about is you they care about what you're like what you have in common so forget the details leave them out number nine this is not the last one but it is the most important one listen i cannot tell you how many really important people have said that listening is perhaps the most the number one most important skill that you could develop buddha said and i'm paraphrasing if your mouth is open you're not learning and calvin coolidge said no man ever listened his way out of a job
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when i'm talking i'm in control i don't have to hear anything i'm not interested in i'm the center of attention i can bolster my own identity but there's another reason we get distracted the average person talks at about word per minute but we can listen at up to words per minute so our minds are filling in those other words and look i know it takes effort and energy to actually pay attention to someone but if you can't do that you're not in a conversation you're just two people shouting out barely related sentences in the same place
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pew research did a study of american adults and they found that at this moment we are more polarized we are more divided than we ever have been in history we're less likely to compromise which means we're not listening to each other and we make decisions about where to live who to marry and even who our friends are going to be based on what we already believe again that means we're not listening to each other
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i came to realize that conversational competence might be the single most overlooked skill we fail to teach kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and each other through screens but rarely do they have an opportunity to hone their interpersonal communications skills it might sound like a funny question but we have to ask ourselves is there any century skill more important than being able to sustain coherent confident conversation now i make my living talking to people nobel prize winners truck drivers billionaires kindergarten teachers heads of state plumbers i talk to people that i like i talk to people that i don't like
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i actually use the exact same skills as a professional interviewer that i do in regular life so i'm going to teach you how to interview people and that's actually going to help you learn how to be better learn to have a conversation without wasting your time without getting bored and please god without offending anybody we've all had really great conversations we've had them before
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we've all had really great conversations we've had them before we know what it's like the kind of conversation where you walk away feeling engaged and inspired or where you feel like you've made a real connection or you've been perfectly understood there is no reason why most of your interactions can't be like that so i have basic rules i'm going to walk you through all of them but honestly if you just choose one of them and master it you'll already enjoy better conversations number one don't multitask and i don't mean just set down your cell phone or your tablet or your car keys or whatever is in your hand
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now there's a really good reason why i don't allow pundits on my show because they're really boring if they're conservative they're going to hate and food stamps and abortion if they're liberal they're going to hate big banks and oil corporations and dick cheney totally predictable and you don't want to be like that you need to enter every conversation assuming that you have something to learn
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start your questions with who what when where why or how if you put in a complicated question you're going to get a simple answer out if i ask you were you terrified you're going to respond to the most powerful word in that sentence which is terrified and the answer is yes i was or no i wasn't were you angry yes i was very angry
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it's condescending and it's really boring and we tend to do it a lot especially in work conversations or in conversations with our kids we have a point to make so we just keep it over and over don't do that number eight stay out of the weeds
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to the same basic concept and it is this one be interested in other people you know i grew up with a very famous grandfather and there was kind of a ritual in my home people would come over to talk to my grandparents and after they would leave my mother would come over to us and she'd say do you know who that was she was the runner up to miss america he was the mayor of sacramento she won a pulitzer prize
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he was the mayor of sacramento she won a pulitzer prize he's a russian ballet dancer and i kind of grew up assuming everyone has some hidden amazing thing about them and honestly i think it's what makes me a better host i keep my mouth shut as often as i possibly can i keep my mind open and i'm always prepared to be amazed and i'm never disappointed you do the same thing go out talk to people listen to people and most importantly be prepared to be amazed thanks
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but to be honest the description goes on and it says that it doesn't rank high in quality however and then he has to go even further it sounds like it was written by an old school teacher of mine as grown in new york the fruit usually fails to develop properly in size and quality and is on the whole unsatisfactory
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so i looked a little further and what i figured out was that he wasn't a he was the most respected scientist in the field what he understood was that biological diversity crop diversity is the biological foundation of agriculture it's the raw material the stuff of evolution in our agricultural crops not a trivial matter and he also understood that that foundation was crumbling literally crumbling that indeed a mass extinction was underway in our fields in our agricultural system and that this mass extinction was taking place with very few people noticing and even fewer caring now i know that many of you don't stop to think about diversity in agricultural systems and let's face it that's logical
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i made the tough decision of going home after graduation and not going up to capitol hill but going down to my parents' basement and making it my job to learn how to paint i had no idea where to begin the last time i'd painted i was years old at summer camp and i didn't want to teach myself how to paint by copying the old masters or stretching a canvas and practicing over and over again on that surface because that's not what this project was about for me it was about space and light my early canvases ended up being things that you wouldn't expect to be used as canvas like fried food it's nearly impossible to get paint to stick to the grease in an egg
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my art is i skip the canvas altogether and if i want to paint your portrait i'm painting it on you physically on you that also means you're probably going to end up with an of paint because i need to paint your ear on your ear everything in this scene the person the clothes chairs wall gets covered in a mask of paint that mimics what's directly below it and in this way i'm able to take a three dimensional scene and make it look like a two dimensional painting i can photograph it from any angle and it will still look there's no here this is just a photo of one of my three dimensional paintings you might be wondering how i came up with this idea of turning people into paintings but originally this had nothing to do with either people or paint it was about shadows
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sometimes they talk to my own language that is i hear it and what strategy they are doing what they are planning sometimes they are having a helicopter to supply them with ammunition and so on they used me to carry that and i was doing counting what comes from where and where and where i had only this equipment my satellite phone my computer and a plastic solar panel that i hide it in the forest and every time daily after we have meeting what compromise we have whatever i go i write a short email send it i don't know how many people i had on my address i sent the message what is going about the progress of the war and what they are planning to do they started suspecting that what we do on the morning and the afternoon it's on the news bbc
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and one day we went for a meeting sorry one day we went to meet the chief commander he had the same iridium cell phone like me and he asked me do you know how to use this i said i have never seen it
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and after i finished i went to this area the forest but what i've been doing when i was about i grew in my uncle's house
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and after i finished i went to this area the forest but what i've been doing when i was about i grew in my uncle's house and my father was a soldier and my uncle was a fisherman and also a poacher what i've been doing from to was i was assisting them collecting ivory tusk meat and whatever they were killing poaching hunting in the forest bring it in the main city to get access to the market but finally i got myself involved around to years i became myself a poacher and i wanted to do it because i believed to continue my studies i wanted to go to university but my father was poor my uncle even so i did it
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the writer george eliot cautioned us that among all forms of mistake is the most gratuitous the person that we would all acknowledge as her century counterpart yogi berra agreed he said it's tough to make predictions especially about the future i'm going to ignore their cautions and make one very specific forecast in the world that we are creating very quickly we're going to see more and more things that look like science fiction and fewer and fewer things that look like jobs our cars are very quickly going to start driving themselves which means we're going to need fewer truck drivers
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well i first began to understand this when i was years old i used to to try to avoid homework sneak down to the living room and listen to my parents and their friends debate heatedly you see then greece was under control of a very powerful establishment which was strangling the country and my father was heading a promising movement to greece to imagine a greece where freedom reigned and where maybe the people the citizens could actually rule their own country i used to join him in many of the campaigns and you can see me here next to him i'm the younger one there to the side you may not recognize me because i used to part my hair differently there
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and so that is my story the oil will never run out it's not because we have a lot of it it's not because we're going to build a windmills it's because well thousands of years ago people invented ideas they had ideas innovations technology and the stone age ended not because we ran out of stones
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for the next few minutes we're going to talk about energy and it's going to be a bit of a varied talk i'll try to spin a story about energy and oil's a convenient starting place the talk will be broadly about energy but oil's a good place to start and one of the reasons is this is remarkable stuff you take about eight or so carbon atoms about hydrogen atoms you put them together in exactly the right way and you get this marvelous liquid very energy dense and very easy to refine into a number of very useful products and fuels it's great stuff
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it's fantastic and ted talks ted talks are where everybody has great ideas so the question is where do those great ideas come from well it's a little bit of debate but it's generally reckoned that the average person that's me has about thoughts a day which is a lot until you realize that percent of them are the same ones you had the day before
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and a lot of mine are really boring ok i think things like oh i know i must clean the floor oh i forgot to walk the dog my most popular don't eat that cookie
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so percent repetition that leaves us with just a five percent window of opportunity each day to actually think something new and some of my new thoughts are useless the other day i was watching some sports on television and i was trying to decide why i just don't engage with it some of it i find curious this is odd
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but i'll tell you the truth the truth is i have never been any good at sport ok i've reached that wonderful age when all my friends say oh i wish i was as fit as i was when i was and i always feel rather smug then
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and i didn't want them to grow up with a secret when my son my youngest was born there was not as far as i was aware a single out gay woman in british public life
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yeah another years ok we are not going to get equal pay in my grandchildren's grandchildren's lives under the current system and i have waited long enough i've waited long enough in my own business in i became the very first woman on british television to host a prime time panel show isn't that great wonderful i'm thrilled
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and what did she do nothing nothing
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you know i've been promised change since i was a child it was always coming women were going to stand shoulder to shoulder with men all i got were empty promises and disappointment enough disappointment to found a political party but here is my new idea for today this is my five percent ok and this one is really good the fact is this is not enough
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you can notice that this quad is making fine adjustments to keep the pole balanced how did we design the algorithms to do this we added the mathematical model of the pole to that of the quad once we have a model of the combined quad pole system we can use control theory to create algorithms for controlling it here you see that it's stable and even if i give it little nudges it goes back to the nice balanced position we can also augment the model to include where we want the quad to be in space using this pointer made out of reflective markers i can point to where i want the quad to be in space a fixed distance away from me
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we can't help but hold our breath when we watch a diver somersaulting into the water or when a is twisting in the air the ground fast approaching will the diver be able to pull off a rip entry will the stick the landing suppose we want this quad here to perform a triple flip and finish off at the exact same spot that it started this maneuver is going to happen so quickly that we can't use position feedback to correct the motion during execution there simply isn't enough time instead what the quad can do is perform the maneuver blindly observe how it finishes the maneuver and then use that information to modify its behavior so that the next flip is better similar to the diver and the it is only through repeated practice that the maneuver can be learned and executed to the highest standard
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we now have an intimate way of interacting with a machine i will use this new capability to position this camera carrying quad to the appropriate location for filming the remainder of this demonstration so we can physically interact with these quads and we can change the laws of physics let's have a little bit of fun with this for what you will see next these quads will initially behave as if they were on pluto as time goes on gravity will be increased until we're all back on planet earth but i assure you we won't get there okay here goes
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so what does it mean for a machine to be athletic we will demonstrate the concept of machine athleticism and the research to achieve it with the help of these flying machines called or quads for short quads have been around for a long time they're so popular these days because they're mechanically simple by controlling the speeds of these four propellers these machines can roll pitch yaw and accelerate along their common orientation on board are also a battery a computer various sensors and wireless radios
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so how does one design the algorithms that create a machine athlete we use something broadly called model based design we first capture the physics with a mathematical model of how the machines behave we then use a branch of mathematics called control theory to analyze these models and also to synthesize algorithms for controlling them for example that's how we can make the quad hover we first captured the dynamics with a set of differential equations
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okay you should be asking yourself why doesn't the water fall out of the glass two facts the first is that gravity acts on all objects in the same way the second is that the propellers are all pointing in the same direction of the glass pointing up you put these two things together the net result is that all side forces on the glass are small and are mainly dominated by aerodynamic effects which at these speeds are negligible and that's why you don't need to model the glass
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when i went to school i had a dream i wanted to become a teacher teachers looked nice they wear nice dresses high heeled shoes i found out later that they are uncomfortable but i admired it
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there's a group of people in kenya people cross oceans to go see them these people are tall they jump high they wear red and they kill lions
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had late nights watching movies eating pizza and screwing in thousands of screws you know research
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or buttons can emerge from the side that allow you to interact where you want them to be or you can play games and have actual buttons and so we were able to do this by small tiny linear actuators inside the device and that allow you not only to touch them but also back drive them as well but we've also looked at other ways to create more complex shape change so we've used pneumatic to create a morphing device where you can go from something that looks a lot like a phone to a on the go and so together with ken at the media lab we created this new high resolution version that uses an array of to change from interactive to a touch input device to a phone
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we've evolved with tools and tools have evolved with us our ancestors created these hand axes million years ago shaping them to not only fit the task at hand but also their hand however over the years tools have become more and more specialized these sculpting tools have evolved through their use and each one has a different form which matches its function and they leverage the dexterity of our hands in order to manipulate things with much more precision but as tools have become more and more complex we need more complex controls to control them
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the computer has fundamentally changed the way we think about tools because computation is dynamic so it can do a million different things and run a million different applications however computers have the same static physical form for all of these different applications and the same static interface elements as well and i believe that this is fundamentally a problem because it doesn't really allow us to interact with our hands and capture the rich dexterity that we have in our bodies and my belief is that then we must need new types of interfaces that can capture these rich abilities that we have and that can physically adapt to us and allow us to interact in new ways and so that's what i've been doing at the mit media lab and now at stanford
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we're going to start putting an entire layer of digital information on the real world just imagine for a moment what this could mean for storytellers for painters for brain surgeons for interior decorators and maybe for all of us here today and what i think we need to do as a community is really try and make an effort to imagine how we can create this new reality in a way that extends the human experience instead of our reality or cluttering it with digital information and that's what i'm very passionate about now i want to tell you a little secret in about five years this is not the smallest device in about five years these are all going to look like strips of glass on our eyes that project holograms and just like we don't care so much about which phone we buy in terms of the hardware we buy it for the operating system as a neuroscientist i always dreamt of building the ios of the mind if you will and it's very very important that we get this right because we might be living inside of these things for at least as long as we've lived with the windows graphical user interface and i don't know about you but living inside of windows scares me
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are the first three design guidelines that we employ in this brand new form of user experience first and foremost you are the operating system traditional file systems are complex and abstract and they take your brain extra steps to decode them we're going against the neural path of least resistance meanwhile in augmented reality you can of course place your holographic ted panel over here and your holographic email on the other side of the desk and your spatial memory evolved just fine to go ahead and retrieve them you could put your holographic tesla that you're shopping for or whatever model my legal team told me to put in right before the show
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today's computers are so amazing that we fail to notice how terrible they really are i'd like to talk to you today about this problem and how we can fix it with neuroscience first i'd like to take you back to a frosty night in harlem in that had a profound impact on me i was sitting in a dive bar outside of columbia university where i studied computer science and neuroscience and i was having this great conversation with a fellow student about the power of holograms to one day replace computers and just as we were getting to the best part of the conversation of course his phone lights up and he pulls it towards himself and he looks down and he starts typing
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and just as we were getting to the best part of the conversation of course his phone lights up and he pulls it towards himself and he looks down and he starts typing and then he forces his eyeballs back up to mine and he goes keep going i'm with you but of course his eyes were glazed over and the moment was dead meanwhile across the bar i noticed another student holding his phone this time towards a group he was swiping through pictures on and these kids were laughing hysterically and that dichotomy between how i was feeling and how happy they were feeling about the same technology really got me thinking and the more i thought of it the more i realized it was clearly not the digital information that was the bad guy here it was simply the display position that was separating me from my friend and that was binding those kids together
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how do we bring up boys what does it mean to be a boy to be a boy really means not to be a girl to be a man means not to be a girl to be a woman means not to be a girl to be strong means not to be a girl to be a leader means not to be a girl i actually think that being a girl is so powerful that we've had to train everyone not to be that
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to pretend they're not a mess when they are a mess and i will tell you a very funny story on my way here on the airplane i was walking up and down the aisle of the plane and all these men literally at least men were in their little seats watching chick flicks and they were all alone and i thought this is the secret life of men
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i am an emotional creature there is a particular way of knowing it's like the older women somehow forgot i rejoice that it's still in my body oh i know when the about to fall i know we have pushed the earth too far i know my father isn't coming back and that no one's prepared for the fire i know that lipstick means more than show and boys are super insecure and so called terrorists are made not born i know that one kiss could take away all my decision making ability
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good morning i'm very happy to be here in india and i've been thinking a lot about what i have learned over these last particularly years with v day and the vagina monologues traveling the world essentially meeting with women and girls across the planet to stop violence against women what i want to talk about today is this particular cell or grouping of cells that is in each and every one of us and i want to call it the girl cell
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what i want to talk about today is this particular cell or grouping of cells that is in each and every one of us and i want to call it the girl cell and it's in men as well as in women i want you to imagine that this particular grouping of cells is central to the evolution of our species and the continuation of the human race and i want you imagine that at some point in history a group of powerful people invested in owning and controlling the world understood that the suppression of this particular cell the oppression of these cells the reinterpretation of these cells the undermining of these cells getting us to believe in the weakness of these cells and the crushing eradicating destroying reducing these cells basically began the process of killing off the girl cell which was by the way patriarchy i want you to imagine that the girl is a chip in the huge of collective consciousness and it is essential to balance to wisdom and to actually the future of all of us and then i want you to imagine that this girl cell is compassion and it's empathy and it's passion itself and it's vulnerability and it's openness and it's intensity and it's association and it's relationship and it is intuitive and then let's think how compassion informs wisdom and that vulnerability is our greatest strength and that emotions have inherent logic which lead to radical appropriate saving action
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for me it was the turning point of my life i have spent a lot of time there in the last three years i feel up to that point i had seen a lot in the world a lot of violence i essentially lived in the rape mines of the world for the last years but the democratic republic of congo really was the turning point in my soul i went and i spent time in a place called bukavu in a hospital called the hospital with a doctor who was as close to a saint as any person i've ever met his name is dr denis in the congo for those of you who don't know there has been a war raging for the last years a war that has killed nearly six million people
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whole machine in that took art online and money was totally it doesn't matter if you're a newspaper or an institution or an independent creator a monthly web comic with monthly readers monthly readers gets paid a couple hundred bucks in ad revenue this is people like in what world is this not enough i don't understand what systems have we built where this is insufficient for a person to make a living so i actually have a theory about this i think it's been a weird years
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