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let's say i'm going to cut the liver right here ok let's say i'm interested in looking at the heart i'm going to do some surgery here i'm going to cut some veins arteries oops you don't want to hear oops in real surgery
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just like this students can isolate anybody and dissect any way you want to it doesn't have to be always dissection since it's digital we can do reverse dissection so let me show you i'm going to start with the skeletal structure and i can add a few internal organs yep maybe i can add quickly this way and i can build muscles gradually just like that we can see tendons and muscles wish i could build my muscle this fast
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you know cadaver dissection is the traditional way of learning human anatomy for students it's quite an experience but for a school it could be very difficult or expensive to maintain so we learned the majority of classes taught they do not have a cadaver dissection lab maybe those reasons or depending on where you are cadavers may not be easily available so to address this we developed with a dr brown in stanford virtual dissection table so we call this table
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brown in stanford virtual dissection table so we call this table so with this table students can experience the dissection without a human cadaver and the table form is important and since it's touch interactive just like the way they do dissections in the lab or furthermore just the way a surgeon operates on a patient you can literally interact with your table our digital body is one life size so this is exactly the way students will see the real anatomy i'm going to do some demonstrations as you can see i use my finger to interact with my digital body i'm going to do some cuts i can cut any way i want to so i cut right here
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there we were souls and bodies packed into a texas church on the last night of our lives packed into a room just like this but with creaky wooden pews draped in worn down red fabric with an organ to my left and a choir at my back and a baptism pool built into the wall behind them a room like this nonetheless with the same great feelings of suspense the same deep hopes for salvation the same sweat in the palms and the same people in the back not paying attention
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took first position in front of the altar you see in america even the second coming of christ has a section
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it was after midnight i looked at the elder believers whose savior had not come who were too proud to show any signs of disappointment who had believed too much and for too long to start doubting now but i was upset on their behalf they had been duped hoodwinked and i had gone right along with them i had prayed their prayers i had yielded not to temptation as best i could i had dipped my head not once but twice in that snot inducing baptism pool i had believed now what i got home just in time to turn on the television and watch peter jennings announce the new millennium as it rolled in around the world it struck me that it would have been strange anyway for jesus to come back again and again based on the different time zones
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i can trace the whole drama of my life back to that night in that church when my savior did not come for me when the thing i believed most certainly turned out to be if not a lie then not quite the truth and even though most of you prepared for in a very different way i'm convinced that you are here because some part of you has done the same thing that i have done since the dawn of this new century since my mother left and my father stayed away and my lord refused to come and i held out my hand reaching for something to believe in i held on when i arrived at yale at with the faith that my journey from oak cliff texas was a chance to leave behind all the challenges i had known the broken dreams and broken bodies i had seen but when i found myself back home one winter break with my face planted in the floor my hands tied behind my back and a gun pressed to my head i knew that even the best education couldn't save me i held on when i showed up at lehman brothers as an intern in
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so i held on and i closed my eyes to listen to wait and the prayers got louder and the shouts of response to the call of the prayer went up higher even still and the organ rolled on in to add the dirge and the heat came on to add to the sweat and my hand gripped firmer so i wouldn't be the one left in the field my eyes clenched tighter so i wouldn't see the wheat being separated from the chaff
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but i was upset on their behalf they had been duped hoodwinked and i had gone right along with them
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tony told me that he started harlem grown with money from his pension after years as a cab driver he told me that he didn't give himself a salary because despite success the program struggled for resources he told me that he would take any help that he could get and i was there as that help but as i left tony i felt the sting and salt of tears welling up in my eyes i felt the weight of revelation that i could sit in one room on one night where a few hundred people had half a trillion dollars and another room two days later just blocks up the road where a man was going without a salary to get a child her only meal of the day and it wasn't the glaring inequality that made me want to cry it wasn't the thought of hungry homeless kids it wasn't rage toward the one percent or pity toward the no i was disturbed because i had finally realized that i was the dialysis for a country that needed a kidney transplant i realized that my story stood in for all those who were expected to pick themselves up by their bootstraps even if they didn't have any boots that my organization stood in for all the structural systemic help that never went to harlem or appalachia or the lower ward that my voice stood in for all those voices that seemed too too unwashed too
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and the shame of that that shame washed over me like the shame of sitting in front of the television watching peter jennings announce the new millennium again and again and again i had been duped hoodwinked but this time the false savior was me you see i've come a long way from that altar on the night i thought the world would end from a world where people spoke in tongues and saw suffering as a necessary act of god and took a text to be infallible truth yes i've come so far that i'm right back where i started because it simply is not true to say that we live in an age of disbelief no we believe today just as much as any time that came before some of us may believe in the prophecy of bren brown or tony robbins
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because it simply is not true to say that we live in an age of disbelief no we believe today just as much as any time that came before some of us may believe in the prophecy of bren brown or tony robbins we may believe in the bible of the new yorker or the harvard business review we may believe most deeply when we worship right here at the church of ted but we desperately want to believe we need to believe we speak in the tongues of charismatic leaders that promise to solve all our problems we see suffering as a necessary act of the capitalism that is our god we take the text of technological progress to be infallible truth and we hardly realize the human price we pay when we fail to question one brick because we fear it might shake our whole foundation but if you are disturbed by the unconscionable things that we have come to accept then it must be questioning time so i have not a gospel of disruption or innovation or a triple bottom line
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and when i now finally got it right i can go back years in history and i can find united states up there and i can let the other countries be shown and now i have income per person on this axis and united states only had some one two thousand dollars at that time and the life expectancy was to years on par with afghanistan today and what has happened in the world i will show now this is instead of studying history for one year at university you can watch me for one minute now and you'll see the whole thing
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it is mayflower down here it is washington here building building countries it's lincoln here advancing them it's eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries and then it's united states today up here and we have countries all this way now this is the important thing of understanding how the world has changed at this point i decided to make a pause
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quite the opposite of the world bank who compiled data with government money tax money and then they sell it to add a little profit in a very inefficient gutenberg way but the people doing that at the world bank are among the best in the world and they are highly skilled professionals it's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies to deal with the world in the modern way as we do and when it comes to free data and transparency united states of america is one of the best and that doesn't come easy from the mouth of a swedish public health professor
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developing world is a short life in a large family and i like that definition because it enabled me to transfer their mindset into the and here you have the so you can see that what we have on this axis here is size of family one two three four five children per woman on this axis and here length of life life expectancy exactly what the students said was their concept about the world and really this is about the bedroom whether the man and woman decide to have small family and take care of their kids and how long they will live
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they catch up there's mexico it's on par with united states in these two social dimensions there was less than five percent of the specialists in global health that was aware of this this great nation mexico has the problem that arms are coming from north across the borders so they had to stop that because they have this strange relationship to the united states you know but if i would change this axis here i would instead put income per person income per person i can put that here and we will then see a completely different picture
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i've spent my life working on extremely miserable people and i've asked the question how do extremely miserable people differ from the rest of you and starting about six years ago we asked about extremely happy people how do they differ from the rest of us it turns out there's one way very surprising they're not more religious they're not in better shape they don't have more money they're not better looking they don't have more good events and fewer bad events the one way in which they differ they're extremely social they don't sit in seminars on saturday morning
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and this leads to the second life i have to tell you about my friend len to talk about why positive psychology is more than positive emotion more than building pleasure in two of the three great arenas of life by the time len was len was enormously successful the first arena was work by the time he was he was an options trader by the time he was he was a multimillionaire and the head of an options trading company second in play he's a national champion bridge player but in the third great arena of life love len is an abysmal failure and the reason he was was that len is a cold fish
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we'd better give you a real sound bite this time you can have three words professor seligman what is the state of psychology today not good enough that's what i'm going to be talking about
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was good about psychology about the billion investment made about working in the disease model about what you mean by psychology is that years ago none of the disorders were treatable it was entirely smoke and mirrors and now of the disorders are treatable two of them actually curable and the other thing that happened is that a science developed a science of mental illness we found out we could take fuzzy concepts like depression alcoholism and measure them with rigor that we could create a classification of the mental illnesses that we could understand the causality of the mental illnesses we could look across time at the same people people for example who were genetically vulnerable to schizophrenia and ask what the contribution of mothering of genetics are and we could isolate third variables by doing experiments on the mental illnesses and best of all we were able in the last years to invent drug treatments and psychological treatments and then we were able to test them rigorously in random assignment placebo controlled designs throw out the things that didn't work keep the things that actively did
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conclusion of that is psychology and psychiatry of the last years can actually claim that we can make miserable people less miserable and i think that's terrific i'm proud of it but what was not good the consequences of that were three things the first was moral that psychologists and psychiatrists became that our view of human nature was that if you were in trouble bricks fell on you and we forgot that people made choices and decisions we forgot responsibility
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so that was not good and so that's what led people like nancy dan gilbert mike and myself to work in something i call positive psychology which has three aims the first is that psychology should be just as concerned with human strength as it is with weakness it should be just as concerned with building strength as with repairing damage it should be interested in the best things in life and it should be just as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling and with genius with nurturing high talent so in the last years and the hope for the future we've seen the beginnings of a science of positive psychology a science of what makes life worth living
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i discovered was this is not true i began to look into this stuff on the internet in books and in documentary films in my travels with my family i discovered the dark side of the industrialized food system first there's genetically engineered seeds and organisms that is when a seed is manipulated in a laboratory to do something not intended by nature like taking the of a fish and putting it into the of a tomato yuck don't get me wrong i like fish and tomatoes but this is just creepy
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the food they produce have been proven to cause cancer and other problems in lab animals and people have been eating food produced this way since the and most folks don't even know they exist did you know rats that ate genetically engineered corn had developed signs of liver and kidney toxicity these include kidney inflammation and lesions and increased kidney weight yet almost all the corn we eat has been altered genetically in some way and let me tell you corn is in everything and don't even get me started on the confined animal feeding operations called
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my name is baehr and i'm years old i came here today to talk about what's wrong with our food system first of all i would like to say that i'm really amazed at how easily kids are led to believe all the marketing and advertising on tv at public schools and pretty much everywhere else you look it seems to me like corporations are always trying to get kids like me to get their parents to buy stuff that really isn't good for us or the planet little kids especially are attracted by colorful packaging and plastic toys
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you know as i look around the world i see a lot of gaps and i think we all see a lot of gaps and we define ourselves by our gaps there's language gaps there's ethnicity and racial gaps there's age gaps there's gender gaps there's sexuality gaps there's wealth and money gaps there's education gaps there's also religious gaps you know we have all these gaps and i think we like our gaps because they make us feel like we identify with something some smaller community but i think that actually despite our gaps we really have a lot in common and i think one thing we have in common is a very deep need to express ourselves i think this is a very old human desire it's nothing new but the thing about self expression is that there's traditionally been this imbalance between the desire that we have to express ourselves and the number of sympathetic friends who are willing to stand around and listen
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you can see a few of them are swarming around the cursor right now you can see some other ones are swarming around the bottom left corner of the screen around six words those six words represent the six movements of we feel fine we're currently seeing madness there's also murmurs montage mobs metrics and mounds and i'll walk you through a few of those now murmurs causes all of the feelings to fly to the ceiling and then one by one in reverse chronological order they excuse themselves entering the list of feelings i feel a bit better now
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the next movement is called montage montage causes all of the feelings that contain photographs to become extracted and display themselves in a grid this grid is then said to represent the picture of the world's feelings in the last few hours if you will each of these can be clicked and we can blow it up we see i just feel like i'm not going to have fun if it's not the both of us that was from someone in michigan we see i feel like i have been at a computer all day
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it's a bit different from the others mounds the entire as large gelatinous blobs which kind of jiggle and if i hold down my cursor they do a little dance we see better is the most frequent feeling followed by bad and then if i go over here the list begins to scroll and there are actually thousands of feelings that have been collected you can see the little pink cursor moving along representing our position here we see people that feel slipping nauseous responsible there's also a search capability if you're interested in finding out about a certain population for instance you could find women who feel addicted in their when it was cloudy in bangladesh
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so here are some of my favorite that have been collected i feel so much of my dad alive in me that there isn't even room for me i feel very lonely i need to be in some backwoods redneck town so that i can feel beautiful i feel invisible to you i wouldn't hide it if society didn't make me feel like i needed to i feel in love with carolyn i feel so naughty i feel these are actually an asset to college life
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one project that explores these ideas which was made about a year ago is a piece called we feel fine this is a piece that every two or three minutes scans the world's newly posted entries for occurrences of the phrases i feel or i am feeling and when it finds one of those phrases it grabs the sentence up to the period and then automatically tries to deduce the age gender and geographical location of the person that wrote that sentence then knowing the geographical location and the time we can also then figure out the weather when that person wrote the sentence all of this information is saved in a database that collects about feelings a day it's been running for about a year and a half it's reached about seven half million human feelings now
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the diameter of each dot represents the length of the sentence inside so that the large dots contain large sentences and the small dots contain small sentences any dot can be clicked and expanded and we see here i would just feel so much better if i could curl up in his arms right now and feel his affection for me in the embrace of his body and the tenderness of his lips so it gets pretty hot and steamy sometimes in the world of human emotions and all of these are stated by people i know that objectively it really doesn't mean much but after spending so many years as a small fish in a big pond it's nice to feel bigger again the dots exhibit human qualities they kind of have their own physics and they swarm wildly around kind of exploring the world of life and then they also exhibit curiosity you can see a few of them are swarming around the cursor right now
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i think we're in like somewhere around there they're smaller even less so he can write really frilly music that's very intricate and it works music sonata in f by wolfgang a mozart it fits the room perfectly this is la scala it's around the same time i think it was built around people in the audience in these opera houses when they were built they used to yell out to one another they used to eat drink and yell out to people on the stage just like they do at and places like that if they liked an aria they would holler and suggest that it be done again as an encore not at the end of the show but immediately
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they had to be very quiet so those two things combined meant that a different kind of music worked best in these kind of halls it meant that there could be extreme dynamics which there weren't in some of these other kinds of music quiet parts could be heard that would have been drowned out by all the gossiping and shouting but because of the reverberation in those rooms like carnegie hall the music had to be maybe a little less rhythmic and a little more music symphony no in e flat major by gustav mahler this is mahler it looks like bob dylan but it's mahler that was bob's last record yeah
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one of the new ones is the automobile i grew up with a radio in a car but now that's evolved into something else the car is a whole venue music who u wit by jon the east side boyz the music that i would say is written for automobile sound systems works perfectly on it it might not be what you want to listen to at home but it works great in the car has a huge frequency spectrum you know big bass and high end and the voice kind of stuck in the middle automobile music you can share with your friends there's one other kind of new venue the private player presumably this is just for christian music
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this is the venue where as a young man some of the music that i wrote was first performed it was remarkably a pretty good sounding room with all the uneven walls and all the crap everywhere it actually sounded pretty good this is a song that was recorded there this is not talking heads in the picture anyway music a clean break let's work by talking heads so the nature of the room meant that words could be understood
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this is not talking heads in the picture anyway music a clean break let's work by talking heads so the nature of the room meant that words could be understood the lyrics of the songs could be pretty much understood the sound system was kind of decent and there wasn't a lot of reverberation in the room so the rhythms could be pretty intact too pretty concise other places around the country had similar rooms this is orchid lounge in nashville the music was in some ways different but in structure and form very much the same
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this is orchid lounge in nashville the music was in some ways different but in structure and form very much the same the clientele behavior was very much the same too and so the bands at or at had to play loud enough the volume had to be loud enough to overcome people falling down shouting out and doing whatever else they were doing since then i've played other places that are much nicer i've played the disney hall here and carnegie hall and places like that and it's been very exciting but i also noticed that sometimes the music that i had written or was writing at the time didn't sound all that great in some of those halls we managed but sometimes those halls didn't seem exactly suited to the music i was making or had made
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when i was in the third grade a monumental event happened an author visited our school jack gantos a published author of books came to talk to us about what he did for a living and afterwards we all went back to our classrooms and we drew our own renditions of his main character rotten ralph and suddenly the author appeared in our doorway and i remember him sort of down the aisles going from kid to kid looking at the desks not saying a word but he stopped next to my desk and he tapped on my desk and he said nice cat
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two words that made a colossal difference in my life when i was in the third grade i wrote a book for the first time the owl who thought he was the best flyer
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my book had a title page i was clearly worried about my intellectual property when i was eight
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so i love that last sentence he liked making this book and i liked making that book because i loved using my imagination and that's what writing is writing is using your imagination on paper and i do get so scared because i travel to so many schools now and that seems like such a foreign concept to kids that writing would be using your imagination on paper if they're allowed to even write now within the school hours so i loved writing so much that i'd come home from school and i would take out pieces of paper and i would staple them together and i would fill those blank pages with words and pictures just because i loved using my imagination and so these characters would become my friends there was an egg a tomato a head of lettuce and a pumpkin and they all lived in this refrigerator city and in one of their adventures they went to a haunted house that was filled with so many dangers like an evil blender who tried to chop them up an evil toaster who tried to kidnap the bread couple and an evil microwave who tried to melt their friend who was a stick of butter
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now when i was in sixth grade the public funding all but eliminated the arts budgets in the worcester public school system i went from having art once a week to twice a month to once a month to not at all and my grandfather he was a wise man and he saw that as a problem because he knew that was like the one thing i had i didn't play sports i had art so he walked into my room one evening and he sat on the edge of my bed and he said jarrett it's up to you but if you'd like to we'd like to send you to the classes at the worcester art museum and i was so thrilled so from sixth through grade once twice sometimes three times a week i would take classes at the art museum and i was surrounded by other kids who loved to draw other kids who shared a similar passion now my publishing career began when i designed the cover for my eighth grade yearbook and if you're wondering about the style of dress i put our mascot in i was really into bell devoe and mc hammer and vanilla ice at the time
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and he came out to the hallway and he said let me see the paper and i thought oh no he thinks it's a note and so i took this picture and i handed it to him and we sat in silence for that brief moment and he said to me you're really talented
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on my birthday my grandfather and my grandmother gave me the best birthday present ever a drafting table that i have worked on ever since here i am years later and i still work on this table every day on the evening of my birthday i was given this table and we had chinese food and this was my fortune you will be successful in your work i taped it to the top left hand of my table and as you can see it's still there now i never really asked my grandparents for anything well two things rusty who was a great hamster and lived a great long life when i was in fourth grade
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i just wanted a video camera and after begging and pleading for christmas i got a second hand video camera and i instantly started making my own animations on my own and all throughout high school i made my own animations i convinced my grade english teacher to allow me to do my book report on stephen king's misery as an animated short
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my name is jarrett and i write and illustrate books for children for a living so i use my imagination as my full time job but well before my imagination was my vocation my imagination saved my life when i was a kid i loved to draw and the most talented artist i knew was my mother but my mother was addicted to heroin and when your parent is a drug addict it's kind of like charlie brown trying to kick the football because as much as you want to love on that person as much as you want to receive love from that person every time you open your heart you end up on your back
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was a kid i loved to draw and the most talented artist i knew was my mother but my mother was addicted to heroin and when your parent is a drug addict it's kind of like charlie brown trying to kick the football because as much as you want to love on that person as much as you want to receive love from that person every time you open your heart you end up on your back so throughout my childhood my mother was incarcerated and i didn't have my father because i didn't even learn his first name until i was in the sixth grade but i had my grandparents my maternal grandparents joseph and shirley who adopted me just before my third birthday and took me in as their own after they had already raised five children so two people who grew up in the great depression there in the very very early took on a new kid i was the cousin oliver of the sitcom of the family the new kid who came out of nowhere and i would like to say that life was totally easy with them they each smoked two packs a day each and by the time i was six i could order a southern comfort manhattan dry with a twist rocks on the side the ice on the side so you could fit more liquor in the drink but they loved the hell out of me
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they loved the hell out of me they loved me so much and they supported my creative efforts because my grandfather was a self made man he ran and worked in a factory my grandmother was a homemaker but here was this kid who loved transformers and snoopy and the ninja turtles and the characters that i read about i fell in love with and they became my friends so my best friends in life were the characters i read about in books i went to gates lane elementary school in worcester massachusetts and i had wonderful teachers there most notably in first grade mrs
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just stop drawing in my class so my parents never found out about it i didn't get in trouble i was introduced to mrs casey who ran the school newspaper and i was for three and a half years the cartoonist for my school paper handling such heavy issues as seniors are mean freshmen are nerds the prom bill is so expensive i can't believe how much it costs to go to the prom
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and i kept making comics i kept making comics and at the worcester art museum i was given the greatest piece of advice by any educator i was ever given mark lynch he's an amazing teacher and he's still a dear friend of mine and i was or and i walked into his comic book class halfway through the course and i was so excited i was beaming i had this book that was how to draw comics in the marvel way and it taught me how to draw superheroes how to draw a woman how to draw muscles just the way they were supposed to be if i were to ever draw for x men or spiderman and all the color just drained from his face and he looked at me and he said forget everything you learned and i didn't understand
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and all the color just drained from his face and he looked at me and he said forget everything you learned and i didn't understand he said you have a great style celebrate your own style don't draw the way you're being told to draw draw the way you're drawing and keep at it because you're really good now when i was a teenager i was as any teenager was but after years of having a mother who was in and out of my life like a yo yo and a father who was faceless i was angry and when i was i met my father for the first time upon which i learned i had a brother and sister i had never known about and on the day i met my father for the first time i was rejected from the rhode island school of design my one and only choice for college
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my grandparents were very proud and i moved to boston and i set up shop i set up a studio and i tried to get published i would send out my books i would send out hundreds of postcards to editors and art directors but they would go unanswered and my grandfather would call me every week and he would say jarrett how's it going do you have a job yet because he had just invested a significant amount of money in my college education and i said yes i have a job i write and illustrate children's books and he said well who pays you for that and i said no one no one no one just yet but i know it's going to happen
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and my local paper celebrated the news the local bookstore made a big deal of it they sold out of all of their books my friend described it as a wake but happy because everyone i ever knew was there in line to see me but i wasn't dead i was just signing books my grandparents they were in the middle of it
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and for him it's only his second and i got this picture and i thought this picture is going to live within his consciousness for his entire life he will forever have this photo in his family photo albums so that photo since that moment is framed in front of me while i've worked on all of my books i have picture books out
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i have picture books out punk farm ollie the purple elephant i just finished the ninth book in the lunch lady series which is a graphic novel series about a lunch lady who fights crime i'm expecting the release of a chapter book called platypus police squad the frog who and i travel the country visiting countless schools letting lots of kids know that they draw great cats and i meet lunch ladies treat me really well and i got to see my name in lights because kids put my name in lights
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i mean the cells in our immune system are always hungry and if an antibody is stuck to one of these things on the cell it means that's food now i was thinking about that and i said you know we've got this immune response to this ridiculous molecule that we don't make and we see it a lot in other animals and stuff but i said we can't get rid of it because all the people who tried to transplant heart valves found out you can't get rid of that immunity and i said why don't you use that what if i could stick this molecule slap it onto a bacteria that was pathogenic to me that had just invaded my lungs i mean i could immediately tap into an immune response that was already there where it was not going to take five or six days to develop it it was going to immediately attack whatever this thing was on it was kind of like the same thing that happens when you like when you're getting stopped for a traffic ticket in l a and the cop drops a bag of marijuana in the back of your car and then charges you for possession of marijuana it's like this very fast very efficient way to get people off the street
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as the old saying goes two is company three is a crowd if a person stretched their arms wide this person is saying it was this big the person inside the mouth the person is trapped he's a prisoner just like jonah inside the whale one tree is a tree two trees together we have the woods three trees together we create the forest put a plank underneath the tree we have the foundation put a mouth on the top of the tree that's idiot
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the sun is coming up above the horizon sunrise a door put a plank inside the door it's a door bolt put a mouth inside the door asking questions knock knock is anyone home this person is sneaking out of a door escaping evading on the left we have a woman two women together they have an argument
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growing up in taiwan as the daughter of a one of my most treasured memories was my mother showing me the beauty the shape and the form of chinese characters ever since then i was fascinated by this incredible language but to an outsider it seems to be as impenetrable as the great wall of china over the past few years i've been wondering if i can break down this wall so anyone who wants to understand and appreciate the beauty of this sophisticated language could do so i started thinking about how a new fast method of learning chinese might be useful since the age of five i started to learn how to draw every single stroke for each character in the correct sequence
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and it comes up with suggestions as to what you're going to type i autistic people are and the top result was demons that is the first thing that people think when they think autism they know
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there's the real world the world that we all share and there's the world in my mind and the world in my mind is often so much more real than the real world like it's very easy for me to let my mind loose because i don't try and fit myself into a tiny little box that's one of the best things about being autistic you don't have the urge to do that you find what you want to do you find a way to do it and you get on with it if i was trying to fit myself into a box i wouldn't be here i wouldn't have achieved half the things that i have now there are problems though there are problems with being autistic and there are problems with having too much imagination school can be a problem in general but having also to explain to a teacher on a daily basis that their lesson is inexplicably dull and you are secretly taking refuge in a world inside your head in which you are not in that lesson that adds to your list of problems
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this gives me so much energy and i've got to have an outlet for all that energy but i've done that ever since i was a child ever since i was a tiny little girl and my parents thought it was cute so they didn't bring it up but when i got into school they didn't really agree that it was cute it can be that people don't want to be friends with the girl that starts screaming in an algebra lesson and this doesn't normally happen in this day and age but it can be that people don't want to be friends with the autistic girl it can be that people don't want to associate with anyone who won't or can't fit themselves into a box that's labeled normal but that's fine with me because it sorts the wheat from the chaff and i can find which people are genuine and true and i can pick these people as my friends but if you think about it what is normal what does it mean imagine if that was the best compliment you ever received wow you are really normal
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i haven't told many people this but in my head i've got thousands of secret worlds all going on all at the same time i am also autistic people tend to diagnose autism with really specific check box descriptions but in reality it's a whole variation as to what we're like for instance my little brother he's very severely autistic he's nonverbal he can't talk at all
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one of the things i can do because i'm autistic it's an ability rather than a disability is i've got a very very vivid imagination let me explain it to you a bit it's like i'm walking in two worlds most of the time there's the real world the world that we all share and there's the world in my mind and the world in my mind is often so much more real than the real world like it's very easy for me to let my mind loose because i don't try and fit myself into a tiny little box that's one of the best things about being autistic
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when something very exciting happens in my inner world i've just got to run i've got to rock backwards and forwards or sometimes scream this gives me so much energy and i've got to have an outlet for all that energy but i've done that ever since i was a child ever since i was a tiny little girl and my parents thought it was cute so they didn't bring it up but when i got into school they didn't really agree that it was cute it can be that people don't want to be friends with the girl that starts screaming in an algebra lesson
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i also knew that i'm not alone we as a society are eating twice as much meat as we did in the so what was once the special little side treat now is the main much more regular so really any of these angles should have been enough to convince me to go vegetarian yet there i was tucking into a big old steak so why was i stalling i realized that what i was being pitched was a binary solution it was either you're a meat eater or you're a vegetarian and i guess i just wasn't quite ready imagine your last hamburger
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about a year ago i asked myself a question knowing what i know why am i not a vegetarian after all i'm one of the green guys i grew up with hippie parents in a log cabin i started a site called i care about this stuff i knew that eating a mere hamburger a day can increase my risk of dying by a third cruelty i knew that the billion animals we raise each year for meat are raised in factory farm conditions that we wouldn't even consider for our own cats dogs and other pets environmentally meat amazingly causes more emissions than all of transportation combined cars trains planes buses boats all of it
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another form of negativity complaining well this is the national art of the u k it's our national sport we complain about the weather sport about politics about everything but actually complaining is viral misery it's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world excuses
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so here they are seven deadly sins of speaking these are things i think we need to avoid but is there a positive way to think about this yes there is i'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones foundations that we can stand on if we want our speech to be powerful and to make change in the world fortunately these things spell a word the word is hail and it has a great definition as well
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as you pointed out every time you come here you learn something this morning the world's experts from i guess three or four different companies on building seats i think concluded that ultimately the solution is people shouldn't sit down i could have told them that
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we're a recreational vehicle that doesn't really matter and i don't spend my time doing that kind of stuff or maybe we should be out in the street in front of a greyhound bus or a vehicle we've been so concerned about that we went to the postmaster general of the united states as the first person we ever showed on the outside and said put your people on it everybody trusts their postman and they belong on the sidewalks and they'll use it seriously he agreed we went to a number of police departments that want their police officers back in the neighborhood on the beat carrying pounds of stuff they love it and i can't believe a policeman is going to give themselves a ticket
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and she comes back to me and she stops and she says finally they made something for us and the camera is looking down at her i'm thinking wow that was great please lady don't say another word
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they then pointed out that there'd be sort of the other controls by wire to get rid of all that mechanical stuff that's pretty good but why not get rid of the wires then you don't need anything to control the car except thinking about it i would love to talk about the technology and sometime in what's past the minutes i'll be happy to talk to all the techno geeks around here about what's in here but if i had one thing to say about this before we get to first it would be that from the time we started building this the big idea wasn't the technology it really was a big idea in technology when we started applying it in the for the disabled community
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but if i had one thing to say about this before we get to first it would be that from the time we started building this the big idea wasn't the technology it really was a big idea in technology when we started applying it in the for the disabled community the big idea here is i think a new piece of a solution to a fairly big problem in transportation and maybe to put that in perspective there's so much data on this i'll be happy to give it to you in different forms you never know what strikes the fancy of whom but everybody is perfectly willing to believe the car changed the world and henry ford just about years ago started cranking out model ts what i don't think most people think about is the context of how technology is applied for instance in that time percent of america lived either on farms or in small towns so the car the carriage that replaced the horse and carriage was a big deal it went twice as fast as a horse and carriage
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for instance in that time percent of america lived either on farms or in small towns so the car the carriage that replaced the horse and carriage was a big deal it went twice as fast as a horse and carriage it was half as long and it was an environmental improvement because for instance in they outlawed horses and buggies in downtown manhattan because you can imagine what the roads look like when you have a million horses and a million of them urinating and doing other things and the typhoid and other problems created were almost unimaginable so the car was the clean environmental alternative to a horse and buggy it also was a way for people to get from their farm to a farm or their farm to a town or from a town to a city it all made sense with percent of the people living there by the we started connecting all the towns together with what a lot of people claim is the eighth wonder of the world the highway system and it is certainly a wonder
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and it is certainly a wonder and by the way as i take shots at old technologies i want to assure everybody and particularly the automotive industry who's been very supportive of us that i don't think this in any way competes with airplanes or cars but think about where the world is today percent of the global population now lives in cities that's billion people we've solved all the transportation problems that have changed the world to get it to where we are today years ago sailing ships started getting reliable enough we found a new continent years ago locomotives got efficient enough steam power that we turned the continent into a country
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only heights and public speaking exceeded the six legged as sources of fear and i suspect if you had put spiders in there the combinations of insects and spiders would have just topped the chart now i am not one of those people i really love insects i think they're interesting and beautiful and sometimes even cute
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but what i love most about insects is what they can tell us about our own behavior insects seem like they do everything that people do they meet they mate they fight they break up and they do so with what looks like love or animosity but what drives their behaviors is really different than what drives our own and that difference can be really illuminating there's nowhere where that's more true than when it comes to one of our most consuming interests sex now i will maintain and i think i can defend what may seem like a surprising statement i think sex in insects is more interesting than sex in people
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of course to start with a lot of insects don't need to have sex at all to reproduce female aphids can make little tiny clones of themselves without ever mating virgin birth right there on your rose bushes
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there are some kinds of fruit flies whose sperm is longer than the male's own body and that's important because the males use their sperm to compete now male insects do compete with weapons like the horns on these beetles but they also compete after mating with their sperm and have penises that look kind of like swiss army knives with all of the attachments pulled out
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more seriously insects are essential we need them it's been estimated that out of every bites of food is made possible by a scientist use insects to make fundamental discoveries about everything from the structure of our nervous systems to how our genes and work but what i love most about insects is what they can tell us about our own behavior insects seem like they do everything that people do
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and also did i mention sexual cannibalism is rampant among insects so no that's not the point but what i think insects do is break a lot of the rules that we humans have about the sex roles
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and so what that means is the katydid males are very choosy about who they offer these nuptial gifts to now the gift is very nutritious and the female eats it during and after mating so the bigger it is the better off the male is because that means more time for his sperm to drain into her body and fertilize her eggs but it also means that the males are very passive about mating whereas the females are extremely aggressive and competitive in an attempt to get as many of these nutritious nuptial gifts as they can so it's not exactly a stereotypical set of rules
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they have talking animals in them what difference does it make if they talk like jerry seinfeld i think it does matter and it's a problem that actually is part of a much deeper one that has implications for medicine and health and a lot of other aspects of our lives you all know that scientists use what we call model systems which are creatures white rats or fruit flies that are kind of stand ins for all other animals including people and the idea is that what's true for a person will also be true for the white rat and by and large that turns out to be the case but you can take the idea of a model system too far and what i think we've done is use males in any species as though they are the model system the norm the way things are supposed to be
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the norm the way things are supposed to be and females as a kind of variant something special that you only study after you get the basics down and so back to the insects i think what that means is that people just couldn't see what was in front of them because they assumed that the world's stage was largely occupied by male players and females would only have minor walk on roles but when we do that we really miss out on a lot of what nature is like and we can also miss out on the way natural living things including people can vary and i think that's why we've used males as models in a lot of medical research something that we know now to be a problem if we want the results to apply to both men and women
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well this is a old little girl and she has autism and i am coming so close to her that i am maybe two inches from her face and she's quite oblivious to me imagine if i did that to you came two inches from your face you'd do probably two things wouldn't you you would recoil you would call the police
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i always wanted to become a walking laboratory of social engagement to resonate other people's feelings thoughts intentions motivations in the act of being with them as a scientist i always wanted to measure that resonance that sense of the other that happens so quickly in the blink of an eye we intuit other people's feelings we know the meaning of their actions even before they happen we're always in this stance of being the object of somebody else's subjectivity we do that all the time we just can't shake it off
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i love this story because it's true at multiple levels saint was a real historical figure and the natural world can be our musical teacher and we have so many examples of this the pygmies of the congo tune their instruments to the pitches of the birds in the forest around them musician and natural expert bernie krause describes how a healthy environment has animals and insects taking up low medium and high frequency bands in exactly the same way as a symphony does and countless works of music were inspired by bird and forest song yes the natural world can be our cultural teacher so let's go now to the uniquely human world of language every language communicates with pitch to varying degrees whether it's mandarin chinese where a shift in melodic inflection gives the same phonetic syllable an entirely different meaning to a language like english where a raised pitch at the end of a sentence
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as a singer songwriter people often ask me about my influences or as i like to call them my sonic lineages and i could easily tell you that i was shaped by the jazz and hip hop that i grew up with by the ethiopian heritage of my ancestors or by the pop on my childhood radio stations but beyond genre there is another question how do the sounds we hear every day influence the music that we make i believe that everyday can be the most unexpected inspiration for songwriting and to look at this idea a little bit more closely i'm going to talk today about three things nature language and silence or rather the impossibility of true silence and through this i hope to give you a sense of a world already alive with musical expression with each of us serving as active participants whether we know it or not i'm going to start today with nature but before we do that let's quickly listen to this snippet of an opera singer warming up
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beautiful isn't it gotcha that is actually not the sound of an opera singer warming up that is the sound of a bird slowed down to a pace that the human ear mistakenly recognizes as its own it was released as part of peter hungarian recording the unknown music of birds where he records many birds and slows down their pitches to reveal what's underneath let's listen to the full speed recording
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we are related hardly any genes of difference very very closely related and yet when you look at the phenotypes there's a chimp there's a man they're astoundingly different no resemblance at all i'm not talking about airy fairy stuff about culture or psychology or behavior i'm talking about ground base nitty gritty measurable physical differences they that one is hairy and walking on four legs that one is a naked why i mean if i'm a good i've got to believe there's a reason for that
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you've got this beautiful paradigm you've believed it through generations nobody has questioned it you've been constructing fanciful things on top of it relying on it to be as solid as a rock and now it's whipped away from under you what do you do what does a scientist do in that case well we know the answer because thomas s kuhn wrote a seminal treatise about this back in he said what scientists do when a paradigm fails is guess what they carry on as if nothing had happened
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of course they don't believe it but they like it well i say why do you think it's rubbish they say well everybody i talk to says it's rubbish and they can't all be wrong can they the answer to that loud and clear is yes they can all be wrong history is strewn with the cases when they've all got it wrong and if you've got a scientific problem like that you can't solve it by holding a head count and saying more of us say yes than say no
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that might happen is a very beautiful thing if you look back at the early years of the last century there was a stand off a lot of bickering and bad feeling between the believers in mendel and the believers in darwin it ended with a new synthesis ideas and mendel's ideas blending together and i think the same thing will happen here you'll get a new synthesis hardy's ideas and ideas will be blended together and we can move forward from there and really get somewhere that would be a beautiful thing it would be very nice for me if it happened soon
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i don't know quite where this comes from somebody up there is issuing the commandment thou shalt not believe in the aquatic theory and if you hope to make progress in this profession and you do believe it you'd better keep it to yourself because it will get in your way so i get the impression that some parts of the scientific establishment are morphing into a kind of priesthood but you know that makes me feel good because richard dawkins has told us how to treat a priesthood
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this is and it's the bicentenary of charles darwin and all over the world eminent are anxious to celebrate this and what they're planning to do is to enlighten us on almost every aspect of darwin and his life and how he changed our thinking i say almost every aspect because there is one aspect of this story which they have thrown no light on and they seem anxious to skirt around it and step over it and to talk about something else
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what happened now years ago that was a simple question everybody knew the answer they knew what happened the ancestor of the apes stayed in the trees our ancestors went out onto the plain
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