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and what we found was that percent of the patients start to reverse the progression of their heart disease now i thought you know if we just did good science that would change medical practice but that was a little naive its important but not enough because we doctors do what we get paid to do and we get trained to do what we get paid to do so if we change insurance then we change medical practice and medical education insurance will cover the bypass cover the angioplasty it wont until recently cover diet and lifestyle so we began through our nonprofit institute's training hospitals around the country and we found that most people could avoid surgery and not only was it medically effective it was also cost effective and the insurance companies found that they began to save almost dollars per patient and medicare is now in the middle of doing a demonstration project where paying for people to go through the program on the sites that we train the says i give smokers a discount because not as much to tell
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they come in one gram capsules more than that just gives you extra fat you need it also helps reduce the risk of the most common cancers like breast prostate and colon cancer now the problem with the atkins diet everybody knows people who have lost weight on it but you can lose weight on amphetamines you know and i mean there are lots of ways of losing weight that arent good for you you want to lose weight in a way that enhances your health rather than the one that harms it and the problem is that its based on this half truth which is that americans eat too many simple so if you eat fewer simple going to lose weight lose even more weight if you go to whole foods and less fat and enhance your health rather than harming it he says got some good news while your cholesterol level has remained the same the research findings have changed
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the red is good at the beginning and a year later this is from a study done in a peer reviewed journal called more red after a year on a diet like i would recommend less red less blood flow after a year on an atkins type diet so yes you can lose weight but your heart happy now one of the studies funded by the atkins center found that percent of the people were constipated percent had bad breath percent had headaches this is not a healthy way to eat and so you might start to lose weight and start to attract people towards you but when they get too close its going to be a problem
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this session is on natural wonders and the bigger conference is on the pursuit of happiness i want to try to combine them all because to me healing is really the ultimate natural wonder your body has a remarkable capacity to begin healing itself and much more quickly than people had once realized if you simply stop doing whats causing the problem and so really so much of what we do in medicine and life in general is focused on mopping up the floor without also turning off the faucet i love doing this work because it really gives many people new hope and new choices that they have before and it allows us to talk about things that not just diet but that happiness is not we're talking about the pursuit of happiness but when you really look at all the spiritual traditions what aldous huxley called the perennial wisdom when you get past the named and forms and rituals that really divide people its really about our nature is to be happy our nature is to be peaceful our nature is to be healthy and so its not something happiness is not something you get health is generally not something that you get
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i love doing this work because it really gives many people new hope and new choices that they have before and it allows us to talk about things that not just diet but that happiness is not we're talking about the pursuit of happiness but when you really look at all the spiritual traditions what aldous huxley called the perennial wisdom when you get past the named and forms and rituals that really divide people its really about our nature is to be happy our nature is to be peaceful our nature is to be healthy and so its not something happiness is not something you get health is generally not something that you get but rather all of these different practices you know the ancient and rabbis and priests and monks and nuns develop these techniques to just manage stress or lower your blood pressure your arteries even though it can do all those things powerful tools for transformation for quieting down our mind and bodies to allow us to experience what it feels like to be happy to be peaceful to be joyful and to realize that its not something that you pursue and get but rather its something that you have already until you disturb it i studied yoga for many years with a teacher named swami and people would say what are you a hindu say no im an undo and its really about identifying whats causing us to disturb our innate health and happiness and then to allow that natural healing to occur to me the real natural wonder so within that larger context we can talk about diet stress management which are really these spiritual practices moderate exercise smoking cessation support groups and community which ill talk more about and some vitamins and supplements
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so within that larger context we can talk about diet stress management which are really these spiritual practices moderate exercise smoking cessation support groups and community which ill talk more about and some vitamins and supplements and its not a diet you know when most people think about the diet i recommend they think its a really strict diet for reversing disease what it takes but if just trying to be healthy you have a spectrum of choices and to the degree that you can move in a healthy direction going to live longer going to feel better going to lose weight and so on and in our studies what been able to do is to use very expensive high tech state art measures to prove how powerful these very simple and low tech and low cost and in many ways ancient interventions can be we first began by looking at heart disease and when i began doing this work or years ago it was thought that once you have heart disease it can only get worse and what we found was that instead of getting worse and worse in many cases it could get better and better and much more quickly than people had once realized
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is a representative patient who at the time was totally needed to have a bypass decided to do this instead we used quantitative showing the narrowing this is one of the arteries that feed the heart one of the main arteries and you can see the narrowing here a year later its not as clogged normally it goes the other direction these minor changes in blockages caused a percent improvement in blood flow and using cardiac positron emission or pet scans blue and black is no blood flow orange and white is maximal huge differences can occur without drugs without surgery clinically he literally walk across the street without getting severe chest pain within a month like most people was pain free and within a year climbing more than floors a day on a
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and what work is fear of dying and whats normally used everybody who smokes knows its not good for you and still percent of americans smoke percent in some parts of the world why do people do it well because it helps them get through the day and ill talk more about this but the real epidemic just heart disease or obesity or smoking its loneliness and depression as one woman said got friends in this package of cigarettes and always there for me and nobody else is
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about four years ago the new yorker published an article about a cache of dodo bones that was found in a pit on the island of mauritius now the island of mauritius is a small island off the east coast of madagascar in the indian ocean and it is the place where the dodo bird was discovered and extinguished all within about years everyone was very excited about this archaeological find because it meant that they might finally be able to assemble a single dodo skeleton see while museums all over the world have dodo skeletons in their collection nobody not even the actual natural history museum on the island of mauritius has a skeleton that's made from the bones of a single dodo well this isn't exactly true the fact is is that the british museum had a complete specimen of a dodo in their collection up until the century it was actually mummified skin and all but in a fit of space saving zeal they actually cut off the head and they cut off the feet and they burned the rest in a bonfire
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anybody in here has actually ever conducted a sabbatical that's about five percent of everybody so i'm not sure if you saw your neighbor putting their hand up talk to them about if it was successful or not i've found that finding out about what i'm going to like in the future my very best way is to talk to people who have actually done it much better than myself envisioning it when i had the idea of doing one the process was i made the decision and i put it into my daily planner book and then i told as many many people as i possibly could about it so that there was no way that i could chicken out later on
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in the beginning on the first sabbatical it was rather disastrous i had thought that i should do this without any plan that this vacuum of time somehow would be wonderful and enticing for idea generation it was not i just without a plan i just reacted to little requests not work requests those i all said no to but other little requests sending mail to japanese design magazines and things like that so i became my own intern
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this is a whole wall of bananas at different on the opening day in this gallery in new york it says self confidence produces fine results this is after a week after two weeks three weeks four weeks five weeks and you see the self confidence almost comes back but not quite these are some pictures visitors sent to me
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the idea of course was to make the type so precious that as an audience you would be in between should i really take as much money as i can or should i leave the piece intact as it is right now while we built all this up during that week with the volunteers a good number of the neighbors surrounding the plaza got very close to it and quite loved it so when it was finally done and in the first night a guy came with big plastic bags and scooped up as many coins as he could possibly carry one of the neighbors called the police and the amsterdam police in all their wisdom came saw and they wanted to protect the artwork and they swept it all up and put it into custody at police headquarters
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you see them sweeping right here that's the police getting rid of it all so after eight hours that's pretty much all that was left of the whole thing
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and my studio is very close to the monkey forest and the monkeys in that monkey forest looked actually fairly happy so we asked those guys to do it again they did a fine job but had a couple of readability problems so of course whatever you don't really do yourself doesn't really get done properly that film we'll be working on for the next two years so it's going to be a while and of course you might think that doing a film on happiness might not really be worthwhile then you can of course always go and see this guy
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i run a design studio in new york every seven years i close it for one year to pursue some little experiments things that are always difficult to accomplish during the regular working year in that year we are not available for any of our clients we are totally closed and as you can imagine it is a lovely and very energetic time i originally had opened the studio in new york to combine my two loves music and design
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i originally had opened the studio in new york to combine my two loves music and design and we created videos and packaging for many musicians that you know and for even more that you've never heard of as i realized just like with many many things in my life that i actually love i adapt to it and i get over time bored by them and for sure in our case our work started to look the same you see here a glass eye in a die cut of a book quite the similar idea then a perfume packaged in a book in a die cut so i decided to close it down for one year
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also is the knowledge that right now we spend about in the first years of our lives learning then there is another years that's really reserved for working and then tacked on at the end of it are about years for retirement and i thought it might be helpful to basically cut off five of those retirement years and intersperse them in between those working years that's clearly enjoyable for myself but probably even more important is that the work that comes out of these years flows back into the company and into society at large rather than just benefiting a grandchild or two there is a fellow who spoke two years ago jonathan who defined his work into three different levels and they rang very true for me
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i am not a religious person myself but i did look for nature i had spent my first sabbatical in new york city looked for something different for the second one europe and the u s didn't really feel enticing because i knew them too well so asia it was the most beautiful landscapes i had seen in asia were sri lanka and bali sri lanka still had the civil war going on so bali it was
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then there is a coffee table i also did a coffee table it's called be here now it includes and we had custom espresso cups made that hide a magnet inside and make those go crazy always centering on them then this is a fairly talkative kind of chair
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and we had custom espresso cups made that hide a magnet inside and make those go crazy always centering on them then this is a fairly talkative kind of chair i also started meditating for the first time in my life in bali and at the same time i'm extremely aware how boring it is to hear about other people's so i will not really go too far into it many of you will know this danny gilbert whose book actually i got it through the ted book club i think it took me four years to finally read it while on sabbatical and i was pleased to see that he actually wrote the book while he was on sabbatical and i'll show you a couple of people that did well by pursuing
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but unfortunately one cannot talk about politics without mentioning money i am sad that it is that way but it's true and we had less financial resources than the other candidates this probably was partly due to the fact that i think i had a harder time asking for financial support and maybe i also had the ambition to do more with less some would call that very of me but even with one third the media one third the financial resources and only an entrepreneurial team but an amazing team we managed to surprise everyone on election night when the first numbers came in i surprised myself as you may see in that photo
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so challenges the foremost challenges i had to face and overcome on this journey had to do with media muscle and money let's start with media there are those who say gender doesn't matter when it comes to media and politics i can't say that i agree it proved harder for me to both get access and airtime in media
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now hometown security is about taking care of your own but it's not like the old saying charity begins at home i recently read a book called love leadership by john hope bryant and it's about leading in a world that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear and reading that book made me reexamine that theory because i need to explain what i mean by that see my dad was a great great man in many ways he grew up in the segregated south escaped lynching and all that during some really hard times and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times but like all of us he had some problems
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me charity often is just about giving because you're supposed to or because it's what you've always done or it's about giving until it hurts i'm about providing the means to build something that will grow and intensify its original investment and not just require greater giving next year i'm not trying to feed the habit i spent some years watching how good intentions for community empowerment that were supposed to be there to support the community and empower it actually left people in the same if not worse position that they were in before and over the past years we've spent record amounts of philanthropic dollars on social problems yet educational outcomes malnutrition incarceration obesity diabetes income disparity they've all gone up with some exceptions in particular infant mortality among people in poverty but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well and i know a little bit about these issues because for many years i spent a long time in the non profit industrial complex and i'm a recovering executive director two years clean
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brenda palms farber was hired to help ex convicts reenter society and keep them from going back into prison currently taxpayers spend about dollars per year sending a person to jail we know that two thirds of them are going to go back i find it interesting that for every one dollar we spend however on early childhood education like head start we save dollars on stuff like incarceration in the future
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it's the basis of growing a form of social innovation that has real potential she hired seemingly unemployable men and women to care for the bees harvest the honey and make value added products that they marketed themselves and that were later sold at whole foods she combined employment experience and training with life skills they needed like anger management and teamwork and also how to talk to future employers about how their experiences actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned and their eagerness to learn more less than four percent of the folks that went through her program actually go back to jail
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now over the years i've collected many hundreds of drawings of these toasts and some of them are very good because they really illustrate the toast making process quite clearly and then there are some that are well not so good they really suck actually because you don't know what they're trying to say under close inspection some reveal some aspects of toast making while hiding others so there's some that are all about the toast and all about the transformation of toast and there's others that are all about the toaster and the engineers love to draw the mechanics of this
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some years ago i stumbled across a simple design exercise that helps people understand and solve complex problems and like many of these design exercises it kind of seems trivial at first but under deep inspection it turns out that it reveals unexpected truths about the way that we collaborate and make sense of things the exercise has three parts and begins with something that we all know how to do which is how to make toast it begins with a clean sheet of paper a felt marker and without using any words you begin to draw how to make toast and most people draw something like this they draw a loaf of bread which is sliced then put into a toaster the toast is then deposited for some time
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of course we have the obligation to report reality as it is not how we would like it to be in that sense i agree with the principle of objectivity if a house is blue i say that it's blue if there are a million unemployed people i say there are a million but neutrality won't necessarily lead me to the truth even if i'm unequivocally scrupulous and i present both sides of a news item the democratic and the republican the liberal and the conservative the government's and the opposition's in the end i have no guarantee nor are any of us guaranteed that we'll know what's true and what's not true life is much more complicated and i believe journalism should reflect that very complexity to be clear i refuse to be a tape recorder i didn't become a journalist to be a tape recorder i know what you're going to say no one uses tape recorders nowadays
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the first day they arrived in their new country and you'll find that they remember absolutely everything like it was a movie with background music in my case i arrived in los angeles the sun was setting and everything i owned a guitar a suitcase and some documents i could carry all of it with my two hands that feeling of absolute freedom i haven't experienced since and i survived with what little i had i obtained a student visa i was studying i ate a lot of lettuce and bread because that's all i had finally in i landed my first job as a tv reporter in the united states and the first thing i noticed was that in the us my colleagues criticized and mercilessly then president ronald reagan and absolutely nothing happened no one censored them and i thought i love this country
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but i learned two things the first one is that you should never never ever give your cell number to donald trump
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happens if you're called to cover a dictatorship like augusto pinochet's regime in chile or fidel castro's in cuba are you going to report only what the general and commander want or will you confront them what happens if you find out that in your country or in the country next door students are disappearing and hidden graves are appearing or that millions of dollars are disappearing from the budget and that ex presidents are magically now multimillionaires will you report only the official version or what happens if you're assigned to cover the presidential elections of the primary superpower and one of the candidates makes comments that are racist sexist and xenophobic that happened to me and i want to tell you what i did but first let me explain where i'm coming from so you can understand my reaction i grew up in mexico city the oldest of five brothers and our family simply couldn't afford to pay for all of our college tuition so i studied in the morning and worked in the afternoon
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for more than years reporting with total freedom and being treated as an equal despite being an immigrant until without warning i was assigned to cover the recent us presidential election on june a candidate who would eventually become the president of the united states said that mexican immigrants were criminals drug traffickers and rapists and i knew that he was lying i knew he was wrong for one very simple reason i'm a mexican immigrant and we're not like that
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the second lesson was that i needed to stop being neutral at that point from then on my mission as a journalist changed i would confront the candidate and show that he was wrong that what he said about immigrants in the us was not true let me give you some figures ninety seven percent of all undocumented people in the united states are good people
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i think i'll start out and just talk a little bit about what exactly autism is autism is a very big continuum that goes from very severe the child remains nonverbal all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers and i actually feel at home here because there's a lot of autism genetics here
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childhood church that's specific there's some more fort collins ok how about famous ones and they just kind of come up kind of like this just really quickly like for pictures and they come up one at a time and then i think ok well maybe we can have it snow or we can have a thunderstorm and i can hold it there and turn them into videos now visual thinking was a tremendous asset in my work designing cattle handling facilities and i've worked really hard on improving how cattle are treated at the slaughter plant i'm not going to go into any slaughter slides i've got that stuff up on if you want to look at it
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but one of the things that i was able to do in my design work is i could test run a piece of equipment in my mind just like a virtual reality computer system and this is an aerial view of a recreation of one of my projects that was used in the movie that was like just so super cool and there were a lot of kind of types and autism types working out there on the movie set too
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thank you so much for that you know you once wrote i like this quote if by some magic autism had been eradicated from the face of the earth then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire at the entrance to a cave
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if you have a two three or four no speech no social interaction i can't emphasize enough don't wait you need at least hours a week of one teaching the thing is autism comes in different degrees about half of the people on the spectrum are not going to learn to talk and they won't be working in silicon valley that would not be a reasonable thing for them to do but then you get these smart geeky kids with a touch of autism and that's where you've got to get them turned on with doing interesting things i got social interaction through shared interests i rode horses with other kids i made model rockets with other kids did electronics lab with other kids and in the it was mirrors onto a rubber membrane on a speaker to make a light show that was like we considered that super cool
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it's a continuum of traits when does a nerd turn into which is just mild autism i mean einstein and mozart and tesla would all be probably diagnosed as autistic spectrum today and one of the things that is really going to concern me is getting these kids to be the ones that are going to invent the next energy things that bill gates talked about this morning ok now if you want to understand autism animals i want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking
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ok now if you want to understand autism animals i want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking you have to get away from verbal language i think in pictures i don't think in language now the thing about the autistic mind is it attends to details this is a test where you either have to pick out the big letters or the little letters and the autistic mind picks out the little letters more quickly and the thing is the normal brain ignores the details well if you're building a bridge details are pretty important because it'll fall down if you ignore the details
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and the thing is the normal brain ignores the details well if you're building a bridge details are pretty important because it'll fall down if you ignore the details and one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today is things are getting too abstract people are getting away from doing hands on stuff i'm really concerned that a lot of the schools have taken out the hands on classes because art and classes like that those are the classes where i excelled in my work with cattle i noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice would make the cattle balk for example this flag waving right in front of the veterinary facility this feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility all they needed to do was move the flag rapid movement contrast
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people thought that was crazy a coat on a fence would make them balk shadows would make them balk a hose on the floor people weren't noticing these things a chain hanging down and that's shown very very nicely in the movie in fact i loved the movie how they duplicated all my projects that's the geek side my drawings got to star in the movie too
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i thought everybody thought in pictures then when i did my book thinking in pictures i started interviewing people about how they think and i was shocked to find out that my thinking was quite different like if i say think about a church steeple most people get this sort of generalized generic one now maybe that's not true in this room but it's going to be true in a lot of different places i see only specific pictures they flash up into my memory just like for pictures and in the movie they've got a great scene in there where the word shoe is said and a whole bunch of and shoes pop into my imagination ok there's my childhood church that's specific
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is i had to sell my work and not myself and the way i sold livestock jobs is i showed off my drawings i showed off pictures of things another thing that helped me as a little kid is boy in the you were taught manners you were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves in the store and throw it around when kids get to be in third or fourth grade you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker drawing in perspective now i want to emphasize that not every autistic kid is going to be a visual thinker
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current job i was given a good piece of advice which was to interview three politicians every day and from that much contact with politicians i can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another they have what i called dementia which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane
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dinner with a republican senator several months ago who kept his hand on my inner thigh throughout the whole meal squeezing it i once this was years ago i saw ted kennedy and dan quayle meet in the well of the senate and they were friends and they hugged each other and they were laughing and their faces were like this far apart and they were moving and grinding and moving their arms up and down each other and i was like get a room i don't want to see this but they have those social skills another case last election cycle i was following mitt romney around new hampshire and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons chip rip zip lip and dip
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can see it in the way we raise our young kids you go to an elementary school at three in the afternoon and you watch the kids come out and they're wearing these backpacks if the wind blows them over they're like beetles stuck there on the ground you see these cars that drive up usually it's and audis and volvos because in certain neighborhoods it's socially acceptable to have a luxury car so long as it comes from a country hostile to u s foreign policy that's fine they get picked up by these creatures i've called uber moms who are highly successful career women who have taken time off to make sure all their kids get into harvard and you can usually tell the uber moms because they actually weigh less than their own children
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babies flop out they're flashing mandarin at the things driving them home and they want them to be enlightened so they take them to ben jerry's ice cream company with its own foreign policy in one of my books i joke that ben jerry's should make a pacifist toothpaste doesn't kill germs just asks them to leave it would be a big seller
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and so the kids are raised in a certain way jumping through achievement hoops of the things we can measure sat prep oboe soccer practice they get into competitive colleges they get good jobs and sometimes they make a success of themselves in a superficial manner and they make a ton of money and sometimes you can see them at vacation places like jackson hole or aspen and they've become elegant and slender they don't really have thighs they just have one elegant on top of another
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they get there and they realize it's fashionable now to have dogs a third as tall as your ceiling heights so they've got these furry dogs all look like all named after jane austen characters and then when they get old they haven't really developed a philosophy of life but they've decided i've been successful at everything i'm just not going to die and so they hire personal trainers they're popping like breath mints you see them on the mountains up there they're cross country skiing up the mountain with these grim expressions that make dick cheney look like jerry lewis
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and over the past few years i think we've been given a deeper view of human nature and a deeper view of who we are and it's not based on theology or philosophy it's in the study of the mind across all these spheres of research from neuroscience to the cognitive scientists behavioral economists psychologists sociology we're developing a revolution in consciousness and when you synthesize it all it's giving us a new view of human nature and far from being a coldly materialistic view of nature it's a new humanism it's a new enchantment and i think when you synthesize this research you start with three key insights the first insight is that while the conscious mind writes the autobiography of our species the unconscious mind does most of the work and so one way to formulate that is the human mind can take in millions of pieces of information a minute of which it can be consciously aware of about and this leads to oddities one of my favorite is that people named dennis are disproportionately likely to become dentists people named lawrence become lawyers because unconsciously we gravitate toward things that sound familiar which is why i named my daughter president of the united states brooks
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a second skill is the ability to have the serenity to read the biases and failures in your own mind so for example we are overconfidence machines ninety five percent of our professors report that they are above average teachers ninety six percent of college students say they have above average social skills time magazine asked americans are you in the top one percent of earners nineteen percent of americans are in the top one percent of earners
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and he goes into the diner introduces himself to a family and says what village are you from in new hampshire and then he describes the home he owned in their village and so he goes around the room and then as he's leaving the diner he first names almost everybody he's just met i was like okay that's social skill but the paradox is when a lot of these people slip into the policy making mode that social awareness vanishes and they start talking like accountants so in the course of my career i have covered a series of failures
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but the paradox is when a lot of these people slip into the policy making mode that social awareness vanishes and they start talking like accountants so in the course of my career i have covered a series of failures we sent economists in the soviet union with privatization plans when it broke up and what they really lacked was social trust we invaded iraq with a military oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities we had a financial regulatory regime based on the assumptions that traders were rational creatures who wouldn't do anything stupid for years i've been covering school reform and we've basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes charters private schools vouchers but we've had disappointing results year after year and the fact is people learn from people they love and if you're not talking about the individual relationship between a teacher and a student you're not talking about that reality but that reality is expunged from our policy making process
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so that's led to a question for me why are the most socially attuned people on earth completely dehumanized when they think about policy and i came to the conclusion this is a symptom of a larger problem that for centuries we've inherited a view of human nature based on the notion that we're divided selves that reason is separated from the emotions and that society progresses to the extent that reason can suppress the passions and it's led to a view of human nature that we're rational individuals who respond in straightforward ways to incentives and it's led to ways of seeing the world where people try to use the assumptions of physics to measure how human behavior is and it's produced a great amputation a shallow view of human nature we're really good at talking about material things but we're really bad at talking about emotions we're really good at talking about skills and safety and health we're really bad at talking about character
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so one of the most demanding things we do is buy furniture it's really hard to imagine a sofa how it's going to look in your house and the way you should do that is study the furniture let it marinate in your mind distract yourself and then a few days later go with your gut because unconsciously you've figured it out the second insight is that emotions are at the center of our thinking people with strokes and lesions in the emotion processing parts of the brain are not super smart they're actually sometimes quite helpless and the giant in the field is in the room tonight and is speaking tomorrow morning antonio
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people with strokes and lesions in the emotion processing parts of the brain are not super smart they're actually sometimes quite helpless and the giant in the field is in the room tonight and is speaking tomorrow morning antonio and one of the things he's really shown us is that emotions are not separate from reason but they are the foundation of reason because they tell us what to value and so reading and educating your emotions is one of the central activities of wisdom now i'm a middle aged guy i'm not exactly comfortable with emotions one of my favorite brain stories described these middle aged guys they put them into a brain scan machine this is apocryphal by the way but i don't care and they had them watch a horror movie and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives and the brain scans were identical in both activities
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they put them into a brain scan machine this is apocryphal by the way but i don't care and they had them watch a horror movie and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives and the brain scans were identical in both activities it was just sheer terror so me talking about emotion is like gandhi talking about gluttony but it is the central organizing process of the way we think it tells us what to imprint the brain is the record of the feelings of a life and the third insight is that we're not primarily self contained individuals we're social animals not rational animals we emerge out of relationships and we are deeply one with another
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we're social animals not rational animals we emerge out of relationships and we are deeply one with another and so when we see another person we reenact in our own minds what we see in their minds when we watch a car chase in a movie it's almost as if we are subtly having a car chase when we watch pornography it's a little like having sex though probably not as good and we see this when lovers walk down the street when a crowd in egypt or tunisia gets caught up in an emotional contagion the deep and this revolution in who we are gives us a different way of seeing i think politics a different way most importantly of seeing human capital we are now children of the french enlightenment we believe that reason is the highest of the faculties
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we are now children of the french enlightenment we believe that reason is the highest of the faculties but i think this research shows that the british enlightenment or the scottish enlightenment with david hume adam smith actually had a better handle on who we are that reason is often weak our sentiments are strong and our sentiments are often trustworthy and this work corrects that bias in our culture that dehumanizing bias it gives us a deeper sense of what it actually takes for us to thrive in this life when we think about human capital we think about the things we can measure easily things like grades degrees the number of years in schooling what it really takes to do well to lead a meaningful life are things that are deeper things we don't really even have words for and so let me list just a couple of the things i think this research points us toward trying to understand the first gift or talent is the ability to enter into other people's minds and learn what they have to offer
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and they split the money three ways it was not a full time gig no one could watch the little ones all day but it made a difference for their families extra money to pay for bills when a husband's work hours were cut money to buy the kids clothes as they were growing a little extra money in their pockets to make them feel some independence up in the top right corner is theresa and her daughter brianna brianna is one of those kids with this sparkly infectious outgoing personality for example when rosie a little girl who spoke only spanish moved in next door brianna who spoke only english borrowed her mother's tablet and found a translation app so the two of them could communicate
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after she shared her story one of her friends said i went through the exact same thing with my son about a year ago and in that moment theresa realized that so much of her struggle was not having anybody to talk with about it so she created a support group for parents like her the first meeting was her and two other people but word spread and soon people people were showing up for these monthly meetings that she put together she went from feeling helpless to realizing how capable she was of supporting her daughter with the support of other people who were going through the same struggle and brianna is doing fantastic she's doing great academically and socially that in the middle is my man standing in front of books and which he runs out of part of his house as you walk in the door greets you with a welcome black home
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i was raised by a quietly fierce single mother in rochester new york i was bussed to a school in the suburbs from a neighborhood that many of my classmates and their parents considered dangerous at eight i was a latchkey kid i'd get myself home after school every day and do homework and chores and wait for my mother to come home after school i'd go to the corner store and buy a can of chef ravioli which i'd heat up on the stove as my afternoon snack if i had a little extra money i'd buy a hostess fruit pie
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am the exception not because i'm more talented than or my mother worked any harder than or bertha or cared any more than theresa marginalized communities are full of smart talented people hustling and working and innovating just like our most revered and most rewarded they are full of people tapping into their resilience to get up every day get the kids off to school and go to jobs that don't pay enough or get educations that are putting them in debt they are full of people applying their savvy intelligence to stretch a minimum wage paycheck or balance a job and a side hustle to make ends meet they are full of people doing for themselves and for others whether it's picking up medication for an elderly neighbor or letting a sibling borrow some money to pay the phone bill or just watching out for the neighborhood kids from the front stoop i am the exception because of luck and privilege not hard work and i'm not being modest or self deprecating i am amazing
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every story i hear demonizing low income single mothers or absentee fathers which is how people might think of my parents i've got that tell a different story about the same people showing up every day and doing their best i'm not saying that some of the negative stories aren't true but those stories allow us to not really see who people really are because they don't paint a full picture the quarter truths and limited plot lines have us convinced that poor people are a problem that needs fixing what if we recognized that what's working is the people and what's broken is our approach what if we realized that the experts we are looking for the experts we need to follow are poor people themselves what if instead of imposing solutions we just added fire to the already burning flame that they have not directing not even empowering but just fueling their initiative just north of here we have an example of what this could look like silicon valley a whole venture capital industry has grown up around the belief that if people have good ideas and the desire to manifest them we should give them lots and lots and lots of money
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a lot of smart well people some of you no doubt have been trying to figure out how to reduce poverty in the united states people have created and invested millions of dollars into non profit organizations with the mission of helping people who are poor they've created think tanks that study issues like education job creation and asset building and then advocated for policies to support our most marginalized communities they've written books and columns and given passionate speeches decrying the wealth gap that is leaving more and more people entrenched at the bottom end of the income scale and that effort has helped but it's not enough
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and that effort has helped but it's not enough our poverty rates haven't changed that much in the last years since the war on poverty was launched i'm here to tell you that we have overlooked the most powerful and practical resource here it is people who are poor up in the left hand corner is and bertha they met when they all had small children through a parenting class at a family resource center in san francisco as they grew together as parents and friends they talked a lot about how hard it was to make money when your kids are little child care is expensive more than they'd earn in a job
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once inside you can order some algiers jerk chicken perhaps a walnut burger or jive turkey and that's not sandwich you must finish your meal with a buttermilk drop which is several steps above a donut hole and made from a very secret family recipe for real it's very secret he won't tell you about it but is much more than a for the kids in the neighborhood it's a place to go after school to get help with homework
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is much more than a for the kids in the neighborhood it's a place to go after school to get help with homework for the grown ups it's where they go to find out what's going on in the neighborhood and catch up with friends it's a performance venue it's a home for poets musicians and artists and his partner nicole with their baby girl strapped to her back are there in the mix of it all serving up a cup of coffee teaching a child how to play or painting a sign for an upcoming community event i have worked with and learned from people just like them for more than years i have organized against the prison system which impacts poor folks especially black indigenous and latino folks at an alarming rate i have worked with young people who manifest hope and promise despite being at the effect of racist discipline practices in their schools and police violence in their communities
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we were poor when i was a kid but now i own a home in a quickly gentrifying neighborhood in oakland california i've built a career my husband is a business owner i have a retirement account my daughter is not even allowed to turn on the stove unless there's a grown up at home and she doesn't have to because she does not have to have the same kind of self reliance that i had to at her age
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imagine a place where your neighbors greet your children by name a place with splendid vistas a place where you can drive just minutes and put your sailboat on the water it's a seductive place isn't it i don't live there
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what is a i define in three ways first a has posted at least six percent population growth since secondly the majority of that growth comes from white migrants and third the has an ineffable charm a pleasant look and feel a je ne sais
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golf is the perfect seductive symbol of when i went on my journey i had barely ever held a golf club by the time i left i was golfing at least three times a week
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golf helps people bond some of the best interviews i ever scored during my trip were on the golf courses one venture capitalist for example invited me to golf in his private club that had no minority members i also went fishing
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to learn how and why are ticking i immersed myself for several months apiece in three of them first st george utah second coeur d'alene idaho and third forsyth county georgia first stop st george a beautiful town of red rock landscapes in the brigham young dispatched families to st george to grow cotton because of the hot arid climate and so they called it utah's dixie and the name sticks to this day i approached my time in each like an anthropologist i made detailed spreadsheets of all the power brokers in the communities who i needed to meet where i needed to be and i threw myself with gusto in these communities
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the book a thousand places to see before you die lists coeur d'alene it's a gorgeous paradise for and fishermen my growing golf skills came in handy in coeur d'alene i golfed with retired lapd cops in around families and cops fled los angeles after the l a racial unrest for north idaho and they've built an community given the conservatism of these cops there's no surprise that north idaho has a strong gun culture in fact it is said north idaho has more gun dealers than gas stations
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racial unrest for north idaho and they've built an community given the conservatism of these cops there's no surprise that north idaho has a strong gun culture in fact it is said north idaho has more gun dealers than gas stations so what's a resident to do to fit in i hit the gun club when i rented a gun the gentleman behind the counter was perfectly pleasant and kind until i showed him my new york city driver's license that's when he got nervous i'm not as bad a shot as i thought i might have been what i learned from north idaho is the peculiar brand of paranoia that can permeate a community when so many cops and guns are around in north idaho in my red pickup truck i kept a
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but what does it all mean dreaming migration is a push pull phenomenon full of alarming pushes and alluring pulls and operates at the level of conscious and unconscious bias it's possible for people to be in not for racist reasons though it has racist outcomes many feel pushed by illegals social welfare abuse minorities density crowded schools many feel pulled by merit freedom the allure of privatized places privatized people privatized things and i learned in how a country can have racism without racists
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we loved the idea and we immediately began approaching houses of worship churches temples mosques synagogues door to door we went to more than rabbis pastors and priests as you can imagine bringing these communities together when prejudices are reinforced by a global pandemic of fear is not easy it was complicated we were confronted with the hierarchy of decision making within religious establishments for example with catholic churches we were told that the archbishop would have to make the decision and so we wrote a letter to the archbishop we wrote a letter to the vatican we're still waiting to hear back
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for others it was to welcome people through their doors to ask questions and for some it was to bridge the gap between the older and the younger generation which by the way is something that many faiths are grappling with right now and for some it was simply to build neighborhood solidarity in advance of feared election violence when asked why yellow one imam beautifully said yellow is the color of the sun the sun shines on us all equally it does not discriminate he and others spread the word through their congregations and over the radio municipal government officials stepped forward and helped with permits and with convening civil society organizations a paint company donated a thousand liters of yellow paint mixed especially for us in what they now call optimistic yellow
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we live in a time of fear and our response to fear can either be to contract and attempt to guard ourselves or to extend ourselves hold on to each other and face our fears together what is your instinct what do you see more of in the world the problem with the first approach is that in our mounting isolation we divide ourselves from others our sense of isolation grows because our imagination goes into overdrive about the people and the spaces that we no longer engage with our sense of otherness grows and we lose empathy
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i lost my sight at the age of in a swimming pool accident i was an active independent teenager and suddenly i became blind the hardest thing for me was losing my independence things that until then seemed simple became almost impossible to do alone for example one of my challenges was textbooks back then there were no personal computers no internet no so i had to ask one of my two brothers to read me textbooks and i had to create my own books in braille can you imagine of course my brothers were not happy about it and later i noticed they were not there whenever i needed them
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potato chips dark chocolate with almonds you gained pounds since yesterday take apple instead of chocolate
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you might think there are many things that i can't do because i cannot see that's largely true actually i just needed to have a bit of help to come up to the stage but there is also a lot that i can do this is me rock climbing for the first time actually i love sports and i can play many sports like swimming skiing skating scuba diving running and so on
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strong and specific needs of the blind people made this opportunity to create digital books way back then and this is actually not the first time this happened because history shows us accessibility ignites innovation the telephone was invented while developing a communication tool for hearing impaired people some keyboards were also invented to help people with disabilities now i'm going to give you another example from my own life in the people around me started talking about the internet and web browsing i remember the first time i went on the web i was astonished i could access newspapers at any time and every day
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this is a very important point for me to get across because you know most people when they hear that i predict that a lot of people alive today are going to live to or more they think that i'm saying that we're going to invent therapies in the next few decades that are so thoroughly eliminating aging that those therapies will let us live to or more i'm not saying that at all i'm saying that the rate of improvement of those therapies will be enough they'll never be perfect but we'll be able to fix the things that olds die of before we have any olds and the same for and and so on i decided to give this a little name which is longevity escape velocity
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one thing is you know you'll be hearing from a guy in the next session who said some time ago that he could sequence the human genome in half no time and everyone said well it's obviously impossible and you know what happened so you know this does happen we have various strategies there's the methuselah mouse prize which is basically an incentive to innovate and to do what you think is going to work and you get money for it if you win there's a proposal to actually put together an institute this is what's going to take a bit of money but i mean look how long does it take to spend that on the war in iraq not very long ok it's got to be philanthropic because profits distract biotech but it's basically got a percent chance i think of succeeding in this
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hello i read somewhere that in the last years the average lifespan of basically anyone on the planet has grown by years if i project that that would make me think that i would live until if i don't crash on my motorbike that means that i'm one of your subjects to become a old if you lose a bit of weight
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i'm going to talk about why defeating aging is desirable i'm going to talk about why we have to get our shit together and actually talk about this a bit more than we do i'm going to talk about feasibility as well of course
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hands up anyone in the audience who's not sure whether malaria is a good thing or a bad thing ok so we all think malaria is a bad thing that's very good news because i thought that was what the answer would be now the thing is i would like to put it to you that the main reason why we think that malaria is a bad thing is because of a characteristic of malaria that it shares with aging and here is that characteristic the only real difference is that aging kills considerably more people than malaria does now i like in an audience in britain especially to talk about the comparison with which is something that was banned after a long struggle by the government not very many months ago i mean i know i'm with a sympathetic audience here but as we know a lot of people are not entirely persuaded by this logic and this is actually a rather good comparison it seems to me
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now there is one argument that some people do think really is that strong and here it is people worry about overpopulation they say well if we fix aging no one's going to die to speak of or at least the death toll is going to be much lower only from crossing st giles carelessly and therefore we're not going to be able to have many kids and kids are really important to most people and that's true and you know a lot of people try to fudge this question and give answers like this i don't agree with those answers
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aging is ghastly but it's inevitable so you know we've got to find some way to put it out of our minds and it's rational to do anything that we might want to do to do that like for example making up these ridiculous reasons why aging is actually a good thing after all but of course that only works when we have both of these components and as soon as the inevitability bit becomes a little bit unclear and we might be in range of doing something about aging this becomes part of the problem this pro aging trance is what stops us from agitating about these things and that's why we have to really talk about this a lot evangelize i will go so far as to say quite a lot in order to get people's attention and make people realize that they are in a trance in this regard so that's all i'm going to say about that i'm now going to talk about feasibility and the fundamental reason i think why we feel that aging is inevitable is summed up in a definition of aging that i'm giving here
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i also liked to make environments for people to explore and play in these early installations i would take plastic sheets plastic bags and things i would find in the hardware store or around the house i would take things like pen mix it with water pump it through plastic tubing creating these glowing circulatory systems for people to walk through and enjoy i like these materials because of the way they look the way they feel and they're very affordable i also liked to make devices that work with body parts i would take camera led lights and a bungee cord and strap it on my waist and i would videotape my belly button get a different perspective and see what it does
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i also like to modify household appliances this is an automatic night light some of you might have them at home i would cut out the light sensor add an extension line and use modeling clay stick it onto the television and then i would videotape my eye and using the dark part of my eye tricking the sensor into thinking it's night time so you turn on the lightbulb the white of the eye and the eyelid will trick the sensor into thinking it's daytime and it will shut off the light i wanted to collect more different types of eyes so i built this device using bicycle helmets some lightbulbs and television sets
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and the thing is that i have a stutter it might seem curious given that i spend a lot of my life on the stage one would assume that i'm comfortable in the public sphere and comfortable here speaking to you guys but the truth is that i've spent my life up until this point and including this point living in mortal dread of public speaking public singing whole different thing
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i've never really talked about it before so explicitly i think that that's because i've always lived in hope that when i was a grown up i wouldn't have one i sort of lived with this idea that when i'm grown i'll have learned to speak french and when i'm grown i'll learn how to manage my money and when i'm grown i won't have a stutter and then i'll be able to public speak and maybe be the prime minister and anything's possible and you know
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so i might as well come clean about it there are some interesting angles to having a stutter for me the worst thing that can happen is meeting another
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people think that i've forgotten their name when i hesitate before saying it and it is a very weird thing because proper are the worst if i'm going to use the word wednesday in a sentence and i'm coming up to the word and i can feel that i'm going to stutter or something i can change the word to tomorrow or the day after tuesday or something else it's clunky but you can get away with it because over time i've developed this loophole method of using speech where right at the last minute you change the thing and you trick your brain but with people's names you can't change them
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