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as you can probably gather s's and t's together or independently are my but i would have to introduce the band over this rolling vamp and when i got around to steve i'd often find myself stuck on the st and it was a bit awkward and uncomfortable and it totally kills the vibe so after a few instances of this steve happily became seve and we got through it that way
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i didn't know when i agreed to do this whether i was expected to talk or to sing but when i was told that the topic was language i felt that i had to speak about something for a moment i have a problem it's not the worst thing in the world i'm fine i'm not on fire
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but as an artist who feels that their work is based solely on a platform of honesty and being real that feels often like cheating which is why before i sing i wanted to tell you what singing means to me it's more than making nice sounds and it's more than making nice songs it's more than feeling known or understood it's more than making you feel the things that i feel it's not about mythology or myself to you
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there's this quote by activist and punk rock musician jello that i love he says don't hate the media be the media i'm an artist i like working with media and technology because a i'm familiar with them and i like the power they hold and b i hate them and i'm terrified of the power they hold
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very powerful and very one sided i wanted my monument to live in the world and to circulate i remember when i was a boy in school my teacher assigned us this classic civics assignment where you take a sheet of paper and you write a member of your government and we were told if we wrote a really good letter if we really thought about it we would get back more than just a simple formed letter as a reply this is my what looks like an everyday yellow legal tablet of paper is actually a monument to the individual iraqi civilians that died as a result of the us invasion is an act of protest and an act of commemoration disguised as an everyday tablet of paper the lines of the paper when magnified are revealed to be micro printed text that contains the details the names the dates and locations of individual iraqi civilians that died so for the last years i've been taking pads of this paper tons of this stuff and smuggling it into the stationery supplies of the united states and the coalition governments
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i remember watching in an interview between fox news host tony snow and then us defense secretary donald rumsfeld they were talking about the recent invasion of iraq and rumsfeld is asked the question well we're hear about our body counts but we never hear about theirs why and answer is well we don't do body counts on other people right it's estimated that between to one million iraqis civilians have died as a result of the us led invasion in that number is in stark contrast with the us service members who died during that same window of time
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but also i've been meeting one with members and former members of the so called coalition of the willing who assisted in the invasion and so whenever i can i meet with one of them and i share the project with them and last summer i had the chance to meet with former united states attorney general and torture memo author alberto gonzales may i give this to you this is a special legal tablet it's actually part of an ongoing art project
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the paper you're holding in your hand contains the details of iraqi civilians that died as result of the invasion i'd like you to use this paper and write a member of government you can help to smuggle this civilian body count into government archives
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a woman of faith an expert maybe even a sister or oppressed brainwashed a terrorist or just an airport security line delay that one's actually true
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if some of your perceptions were negative i don't really blame you that's just how the media has been portraying people who look like me one study found that percent of news coverage about islam and muslims is negative and studies show that americans say that most don't know a muslim i guess people don't talk to their uber drivers
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i wrestled with the i read and reflected and questioned and doubted and ultimately believed my relationship with god it was not love at first sight it was a trust and a slow surrender that deepened with every reading of the its rhythmic beauty sometimes moves me to tears i see myself in it i feel that god knows me have you ever felt like someone sees you completely understands you and yet loves you anyway that's how it feels and so later i got married and like all good egyptians started my career as an engineer
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i'm an introvert i'm a wannabe fitness fanatic and i'm a practicing spiritual muslim
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i'm an introvert i'm a wannabe fitness fanatic and i'm a practicing spiritual muslim but not like lady says because baby i wasn't born this way it was a choice when i was i decided to come out no not as a gay person like some of my friends but as a muslim and decided to start wearing the my head covering my feminist friends were aghast why are you oppressing yourself the funny thing was it was actually at that time a feminist declaration of independence from the pressure i felt as a old to conform to a perfect and unattainable standard of beauty i didn't just passively accept the faith of my parents
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so drawing a line through those two dots of experience came to this is going to be a whole new world this was a whole new world of creativity for film artists so i started a company with stan winston my good friend stan winston who is the premier make up and creature designer at that time and it was called digital domain and the concept of the company was that we would leapfrog past the analog processes of optical printers and so on and we would go right to digital production and we actually did that and it gave us a competitive advantage for a while but we found ourselves lagging in the mid in the creature and character design stuff that we had actually founded the company to do so i wrote this piece called which was meant to absolutely push the envelope of visual effects of effects beyond with realistic human characters generated in and the main characters would all be in and the world would be in and the envelope pushed back and i was told by the folks at my company that we weren't going to be able to do this for a while so i shelved it and i made this other movie about a big ship that sinks
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and that's the truth now the studio didn't know that but i convinced them i said we're going to dive to the wreck we're going to film it for real we'll be using it in the opening of the film it will be really important it will be a great marketing hook and i talked them into funding an expedition
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i grew up on a steady diet of science fiction in high school i took a bus to school an hour each way every day and i was always absorbed in a book science fiction book which took my mind to other worlds and satisfied in a narrative form this insatiable sense of curiosity that i had and you know that curiosity also manifested itself in the fact that whenever i wasn't in school i was out in the woods hiking and taking samples frogs and snakes and bugs and pond water and bringing it back looking at it under the microscope you know i was a real science geek but it was all about trying to understand the world understand the limits of possibility
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my love of science fiction actually seemed mirrored in the world around me because what was happening this was in the late we were going to the moon we were exploring the deep oceans jacques cousteau was coming into our living rooms with his amazing specials that showed us animals and places and a wondrous world that we could never really have previously imagined so that seemed to resonate with the whole science fiction part of it and i was an artist i could draw i could paint and i found that because there weren't video games and this saturation of movies and all of this imagery in the media landscape i had to create these images in my head
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i'd like you all to ask yourselves a question which you may never have asked yourselves before what is possible with the human voice what is possible with the human voice ooh baby baby baby baby baby baby yeah it was coming straight for me i had to it was yeah as you can probably well imagine i was a strange child
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i'm still trying to find every noise that i can possibly make and the thing is i'm a bit older and wiser now and i know that there's some noises i'll never be able to make because i'm hemmed in by my physical body and there's things it can't do and there's things that no one's voice can do for example no one can do two notes at the same time
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two tone singing but that's cheating and it hurts your throat so there's things you can't do and these limitations on the human voice have always really annoyed me because is the best way of getting musical ideas out of your head and into the world but they're sketches at best which is what's annoyed me if only if only there was a way for these ideas to come out unimpeded by the restrictions which my body gives it so i've been working with these guys and we've made a machine we've made a system which is basically a live production machine a real time music production machine and it enables me to using nothing but my voice create music in real time as i hear it in my head unimpeded by any physical restrictions that my body might place on me and i'm going to show you what it can do
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if you read the press last week it actually said i quit the media lab i didn't quit the media lab i stepped down as chairman which was a kind of ridiculous title but someone else has taken it on and one of the things you can do as a professor is you stay on as a professor and i will now do for the rest of my life the one laptop per child which i've sort of been doing for a year and a half anyway so i'm going to tell you about this use my minutes to tell you why we're doing it how we're doing it and then what we're doing and at some point i'll even pass around what the laptop might be like i was asked by chris to talk about some of the big issues and so i figured i'd start with the three that at least drove me to do this and the first is pretty obvious it's amazing when you meet a head of state and you say what is your most precious natural resource they will not say children at first and then when you say children they will pretty quickly agree with you and so that isn't very hard
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and it's not important because you can buy components at a lower price ok it's because you can go to a manufacturer and i will leave the name out but we wanted a small display doesn't have to have perfect color uniformity it can even have a pixel or two missing it doesn't have to be that bright and this particular manufacturer said we're not interested in that we're interested in the living room we're interested in perfect color uniformity we're interested in big displays bright displays you're not part of our strategic plan and i said that's kind of too bad because we need million units a year
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because laptop economics are the following i say percent here it's more like percent of the cost of your laptop is sales marketing distribution and profit now we have none of those ok none of those figure into our cost because first of all we sell it at cost and the governments distribute it it gets distributed to the school system like a textbook so that piece disappears then you have display and everything else now the display on your laptop costs in rough numbers dollars a diagonal inch that can drop to eight it can drop to seven but it's not going to drop to two or to one and a half unless we do some pretty clever things it's the rest that little brown box that is pretty fascinating because the rest of your laptop is devoted to itself it's a little bit like an obese person having to use most of their energy to move their obesity
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this is where when you go outside it's in black and white the games buttons are missing but it'll also be a games machine book machine set it up this way and it's a television set etc etc is that enough for simulcast ok sorry i'll let jim decide which way to send it afterwards ok seven countries
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everybody says it's a laptop you can't do it well guess what we're not we're coming in probably at to start then drift down and that's very important because so many things hit the market at a price and then drift up it's kind of the loss leader and then as soon as it looks interesting it can't be afforded or it can't be scaled out so we're targeting dollars in the gray market's a big issue and one of the ways just one but one of the ways to help in the case of the gray market is to make something that is so utterly unique it's a little bit like the fact that automobiles thousands of automobiles are stolen every day in the united states not one single post office truck is stolen
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says i say it's an education project are we providing the software the answer is the system certainly has software but no we're not providing the education content that is really done in the countries but we are certainly and we certainly believe in learning by doing and everything from logo which was started in to more modern things like scratch if you've ever even heard of it are very very much part of it and that's the rollout are we dreaming is this real it actually is real the only criticism and people really don't want to criticize this because it is a humanitarian effort a nonprofit effort and to criticize it is a little bit stupid actually
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they've never heard of telephony they just use and they go home at night they've got a broadband connection in a hut that doesn't have electricity the parents love it because when they open up the laptops it's the brightest light source in the house and talk about where metaphors and reality mix this is the actual school in parallel with this seymour got the governor of maine to legislate one laptop per child in the year now at the time i think it's fair to say that percent of the teachers were let me say apprehensive really they were actually against it and they really preferred that the money would be used for higher salaries more schools whatever
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so for example let's take an english speaker up on the screen that is bono he speaks english i presume he has a now that is donald trump in his way he speaks english as well
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the language i'm speaking right now is on its way to becoming the world's universal language for better or for worse let's face it it's the language of the internet it's the language of finance it's the language of air traffic control of popular music diplomacy english is everywhere now mandarin chinese is spoken by more people but more chinese people are learning english than english speakers are learning chinese last i heard there are two dozen universities in china right now teaching all in english english is taking over and in addition to that it's been predicted that at the end of the century almost all of the languages that exist now there are about will no longer be spoken
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and they do that by each year sending out the those are the ones with wings on a mating flight so every year on the same day and it's a mystery exactly how that happens each colony sends out its virgin queens with wings and the males and they all fly to a common place and they mate and this shows a recently virgin queen here's her wings and she's in the process of mating with this male and there's another male on top waiting his turn often the queens mate more than once and after that the males all die that's it for them
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this is a five colony this is the nest entrance here's a pencil for scale this is about as big as they get about a meter across and then this is how colony size and numbers of worker ants changes so this is about worker ants changes as a function of colony age in years so it starts out with zero ants just the founding queen and it grows to a size of about or thousand ants when the colony is five and it stays that size until the queen dies and there's nobody to make more ants when she's about or years old and it's when they reach this stable size in numbers of ants that they start to reproduce that is to send more winged queens and males to that year's mating flight and i know how colony size changes as a function of colony age because i've dug up colonies of known age and counted all the ants
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so ant colonies are a good example of an organization like that and there are many others the web is one there are many biological systems like that brains cells developing embryos there are about species of ants
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about species of ants they all live in colonies consisting of one or a few queens and then all the ants you see walking around are sterile female workers and all ant colonies have in common that there's no central control nobody tells anybody what to do the queen just lays the eggs there's no management no ant directs the behavior of any other ant and i try to figure out how that works
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in police detained questioned and searched a man who appeared suspicious and potentially dangerous this wasn't what i was wearing the day of the detention to be fair but i have a picture of that as well i know it's very frightening try to remain calm
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all of them had handguns some had assault rifles they rifled through my backpack they patted me down they took pictures of me spread on the police car and they laughed and as all this was happening as i was on the police car trying to ignore the shaking in my legs trying to think clearly about what i should do something stuck out to me as odd when i look at myself in this photo if i were to describe myself i think i'd say something like old indian male bright t shirt wearing glasses but they weren't including any of these details into their police radios as they described me they kept saying middle eastern male with a backpack middle eastern male with a backpack
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just run all possible programs of the particular type that we're looking at they're called cellular automata you can see a lot of diversity in the behavior here most of them do very simple things but if you look along all these different pictures at rule number you start to see something interesting going on so let's take a closer look at rule number here so here it is we're just following this very simple rule at the bottom here but we're getting all this amazing stuff it's not at all what we're used to and i must say that when i first saw this it came as a huge shock to my intuition and in fact to understand it i eventually had to create a whole new kind of science
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but i'm happy to say it's actually going really well and last year we were able to release the first website version of wolfram alpha its purpose is to be a serious knowledge engine that computes answers to questions so let's give it a try let's start off with something really easy hope for the best very good okay so far so good
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so if we run this program this is what we get very simple so let's try changing the rule for this program a little bit now we get another result still very simple try changing it again you get something a little bit more complicated but if we keep running this for a while we find out that although the pattern we get is very intricate it has a very regular structure so the question is can anything else happen well we can do a little experiment let's just do a little mathematical experiment try and find out
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our robot works similarly but a bit smarter in answering history yes no questions like repelled the magyars is this sentence true or false our robot starts producing a question like charlemagne repelled this person type by itself then but not magyars is ranked top this sentence is likely to be false our robot does not read does not understand but it is statistically correct in many cases for the second stage written test it is required to write a essay like this one discuss the rise and fall of the maritime trade in east and southeast asia in the century and as i have shown earlier our robot took the sentences from the textbooks and combined them together and it to produce an essay without understanding a thing
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how about mathematics a fully automatic math solving machine has been a dream since the birth of the word artificial intelligence but it has stayed at the level of arithmetic for a long long time last year we finally succeeded in developing a system which solved pre problems from end to end like this one this is the original problem written in japanese and we had to teach it mathematical axioms and japanese words to make it accept the problems written in natural language and it is now translating the original problems into machine readable formulas weird but it is now ready to solve it i think go and solve it yes it is now executing symbolic computation even more weird but probably this is the most fun part for the machine
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let me ask you a question how many of you think that ai will pass the entrance examination of a top university by oh so many ok so some of you may say of course yes now is the issue and some others may say maybe because ai already won against a top go player and others may say no never
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you start to talk to them about why open is something that shouldn't be done in the village and they agree to that but then you take the toilet and you position it as a modern trendy convenience one state in northern india has gone so far as to link toilets to courtship and it works look at these headlines
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of my job at the gates foundation is that i get to travel to the developing world and i do that quite regularly and when i meet the mothers in so many of these remote places i'm really struck by the things that we have in common they want what we want for our children and that is for their children to grow up successful to be healthy and to have a successful life but i also see lots of poverty and it's quite jarring both in the scale and the scope of it my first trip in india i was in a person's home where they had dirt floors no running water no electricity and that's really what i see all over the world so in short i'm startled by all the things that they don't have
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is everywhere in fact when i travel to the developing world coke feels ubiquitous and so when i come back from these trips and i'm thinking about development and i'm flying home and i'm thinking we're trying to deliver condoms to people or vaccinations you know coke's success kind of stops and makes you wonder how is it that they can get coke to these far flung places if they can do that why can't governments and ngos do the same thing and i'm not the first person to ask this question but i think as a community we still have a lot to learn
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i actually chased the when it stopped producing spores these are spores this is in their spores i was able to morph the culture into a non form and so the industry has spent over million dollars specifically on bait stations to prevent termites from eating your house but the insects aren't stupid and they would avoid the spores when they came close and so i the cultures into a non form and i got my daughter's barbie doll dish i put it right where a bunch of carpenter ants were making debris fields every day in my house and the ants were attracted to the because there's no spores they gave it to the queen one week later i had no sawdust piles whatsoever and then a delicate dance between dinner and death the is consumed by the ants they become mummified and a mushroom pops out of their head
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and i we like to say on sunday this is where we go to church i'm in love with the old growth forest and i'm a patriotic american because we have those most of you are familiar with mushrooms and frankly i face a big obstacle when i mention mushrooms to somebody they immediately think or magic mushrooms their eyes glaze over and they think i'm a little crazy so i hope to pierce that prejudice forever with this group
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i use the accessibility services in the airport because most of the terminal is just not designed with me in mind take security for example i'm not strong enough to lift my carry on bag from the ground to the carousel i stand at eye level with it and those who work in that space for safety purposes cannot help me and cannot do it for me design inhibits my autonomy and my independence but traveling at this size it isn't all bad the leg room in economy is like business class
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design also impinges on the clothes that i want to wear i want garments that reflect my personality it's difficult to find in the department and often requires far too many alterations i want shoes that affect my maturity professionalism and sophistication instead i'm offered sneakers with velcro straps and light up shoes now i'm not totally opposed to light up shoes
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i often forget that i'm a little person it's the physical environment and society that remind me using a public bathroom is an excruciating experience i walk into the cubicle but i can't reach the lock on the door i'm creative and resilient i look around and see if there's a bin that i can turn upside down
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my idea to the world is to see it one where we all become greater opportunity makers with and for others there's no greater opportunity or call for action for us now than to become opportunity makers who use best talents together more often for the greater good and accomplish things we couldn't have done on our own and i want to talk to you about that because even more than giving even more than giving is the capacity for us to do something smarter together for the greater good that lifts us both up and that can scale that's why i'm sitting here but i also want to point something else out each one of you is better than anybody else at something that disproves that popular notion that if you're the smartest person in the room you're in the wrong room
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so let me tell you about a hollywood party i went to a couple years back and i met this up actress and we were soon talking about something that we both felt passionately about public art and she had the fervent belief that every new building in los angeles should have public art in it she wanted a regulation for it and she fervently started who is here from chicago she fervently started talking about these bean shaped reflective sculptures in millennium park and people would walk up to it and they'd smile in the reflection of it and they'd pose and they'd vamp and they'd take together and they'd laugh and as she was talking a thought came to my mind i said i know someone you ought to meet he's getting out of san quentin in a couple of weeks and he shares your fervent desire that art should engage and enable people to connect
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so here's what i'm calling for you to do remember the three traits of opportunity makers opportunity makers keep honing their top strength and they become pattern seekers they get involved in different worlds than their worlds so they're trusted and they can see those patterns and they communicate to connect around sweet spots of shared interest so what i'm asking you is the world is hungry i truly believe in my firsthand experience the world is hungry for us to unite together as opportunity makers and to emulate those behaviors as so many of you already do i know that firsthand and to a world where we use our best talents together more often to accomplish greater things together than we could on our own just remember as dave once said you can't succeed coming to the potluck with only a fork
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i grew up diagnosed as shy and like at least other people in a room of this size i was a do you dare raise your hand and it sticks with us it really does stick with us because when we are treated that way we feel invisible sometimes or talked around and at and as i started to look at people which is mostly all i did i noticed that some people really wanted attention and recognition remember i was young then
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and not just that there's james he's an architect and he's a professor and he loves place making and place making is when you have those mini plazas and those urban walkways and where they're dotted with art where people draw and come up and talk sometimes i think they'd make good allies and indeed they were
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i think they'd make good allies and indeed they were they met together they prepared they spoke in front of the los angeles city council and the council members not only passed the regulation half of them came down and asked to pose with them afterwards they were startling compelling and credible you can't buy that what i'm asking you to consider is what kind of makers we might become because more than wealth or fancy titles or a lot of contacts it's our capacity to connect around each other's better side and bring it out
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so today i'm collecting what i shed or slough off my hair skin and nails and i'm feeding these to edible mushrooms as the mushrooms grow i pick the best feeders to become infinity mushrooms it's a kind of imprinting and selective breeding process for the afterlife so when i die the infinity mushrooms will recognize my body and be able to eat it all right so for some of you this may be really really out there
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growing a mushroom is also part of a larger practice of cultivating decomposing organisms called a concept that was developed by an entomologist timothy myles the infinity mushroom is a subset of i'm calling body and toxin remediation the cultivation of organisms that decompose and clean toxins in bodies and now about these ninja pajamas once it's completed i plan to integrate the infinity mushrooms into a number of objects first a burial suit infused with mushroom spores the mushroom death suit
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it's covered with a crocheted netting that is embedded with mushroom spores the dendritic pattern you see mimics the growth of mushroom which are the equivalent of plant roots i'm also making a kit a cocktail of capsules that contain infinity mushroom spores and other elements that speed decomposition and toxin remediation these capsules are embedded in a nutrient rich jelly a kind of second skin which dissolves quickly and becomes baby food for the growing mushrooms so i plan to finish the mushroom and kit in the next year or two and then i'd like to begin testing them first with expired meat from the market and then with human subjects and believe it or not a few people have offered to donate their bodies to the project to be eaten by mushrooms
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and to do that i'd like to talk first about environmental toxins in our bodies so some of you may know about the chemical a it's a material hardener and synthetic estrogen that's found in the lining of canned foods and some plastics so mimics the body's own hormones and causes neurological and reproductive problems and it's everywhere
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a recent study found in percent of people six and older but it's just one chemical the center for disease control in the u s says we have toxic pollutants in our bodies and this includes preservatives pesticides and heavy metals like lead and mercury to me this says three things first don't become a cannibal second we are both responsible for and the victims of our own pollution and third our bodies are filters and storehouses for environmental toxins
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first don't become a cannibal second we are both responsible for and the victims of our own pollution and third our bodies are filters and storehouses for environmental toxins so what happens to all these toxins when we die the short answer is they return to the environment in one way or another continuing the cycle of toxicity but our current funeral practices make the situation much worse if you're cremated all those toxins i mentioned are released into the atmosphere and this includes pounds of mercury from our dental fillings alone every year and in a traditional american funeral a dead body is covered with fillers and cosmetics to make it look alive it's then pumped with toxic formaldehyde to slow decomposition a practice which causes respiratory problems and cancer in funeral personnel
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i'm a believer i'm a believer in global warming and my record is good on the subject but my subject is national security we have to get off of oil purchased from the enemy i'm talking about opec oil and let me take you back years to you're probably thinking that was my birth year
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so i have tried to target on where we use the natural gas and where i've targeted is on the heavy duty trucks there are eight million of them you take eight million trucks these are and take them to natural gas reduce carbon by percent it is cheaper and it will cut our imports three million barrels so you will cut percent off of opec with eight million trucks there are million vehicles in america so what you have is natural gas is the bridge fuel is the way i see it i don't have to worry about the bridge to where at my age
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thanks for that so from your point of view you had this great pickens plan that was based on wind energy and you abandoned it basically because the economics changed what happened i lost million dollars
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the government is not successful on these things they just aren't it's a bad deal look at or whatever it was i mean that was told to be a bad idea times they went ahead and did it anyway but that only blew out million i think it's closer to a billion but chris i think where we're headed the long term i don't mind going back to nuclear and i can tell you what the last page of the report that will take them five years to write will be one don't build a reformer on a fault
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audience is with and the natural gas process what about the problem of methane leaking from that methane being a worse global warming gas than is that a concern what is i'm teasing
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so at that point we selected crude oil over whale oil and some more coal but as we moved on to the period now years later we're back really at another decision point what is the decision point it's what we're going to use in the future so from here it's pretty clear to me we would prefer to have cleaner cheaper domestic ours and we have that we have that which is natural gas so here you are that the cost of all this to the world is million barrels of oil give or take a few barrels every day and the cost annually is three trillion dollars and one trillion of that goes to opec
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and the cost annually is three trillion dollars and one trillion of that goes to opec that has got to be stopped now if you look at the cost of opec it cost seven trillion dollars on the milken institute study last year seven trillion dollars since is what we paid for oil from opec now that includes the cost of military and the cost of the fuel both but it's the greatest transfer of wealth from one group to another in the history of mankind and it continues now when you look at where is the transfer of wealth you can see here that we have the arrows going into the mid east and away from us and with that we have found ourselves to be the world's policemen
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combined should have the same perspective secondly photos combined should have the same type of light and these two images both fulfill these two requirements shot at the same height and in the same type of light the third one is about making it impossible to distinguish where the different images begin and end by making it seamless make it impossible to say how the image actually was composed so by matching color contrast and brightness in the borders between the different images adding photographic defects like depth of field colors and noise we erase the borders between the different images and make it look like one single image despite the fact that one image can contain hundreds of layers basically so here's another example
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i'm here to share my photography or is it photography because of course this is a photograph that you can't take with your camera yet my interest in photography started as i got my first digital camera at the age of it mixed with my earlier passion for drawing but it was a bit different because using the camera the process was in the planning instead and when you take a photograph with a camera the process ends when you press the trigger
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you'd think that american idol would introduce a measure of americanization but actually just the opposite is happening by using this engaging popular format for traditional local culture it actually in the gulf is precipitating a revival of interest in poetry also in traditional dress and dance and music and for afghanistan where the taliban banned music for many years it is reintroducing their traditional music they don't sing pop songs they sing afghan music and they also have learned how to lose gracefully without avenging the winner
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i'd like to ask you what do these three people have in common well you probably recognize the first person i'm sure you're all avid american idol watchers but you might not recognize al who is a contestant indeed a finalist in the poet of the millions competition which is broadcast out of abu dhabi and seen throughout the arab world in this contest people have to write and recite original poetry in the form of poetry which is the traditional bedouin form and lima was a finalist in the afghan star singing competition
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your skin gets more blood flow when you change your lifestyle so you age less quickly your skin doesn't wrinkle as much your heart gets more blood flow we've shown that you can actually reverse heart disease
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is the process of it's you know sailing upon some land and thinking i think i'll draw that bit of land and then wondering maybe there's some more land to draw and that's when learning really began for me it's true that i had teachers that didn't give up on me and i was very fortunate to have those teachers because i often gave them cause to think there was no reason to invest in me but a lot of the learning that i did in high school wasn't about what happened inside the classroom it was about what happened outside of the classroom for instance i can tell you that there's a certain slant of light winter afternoons that like the heft of cathedral tunes not because i memorized emily dickinson in school when i was in high school but because there was a girl when i was in high school and her name was amanda and i had a crush on her and she liked emily dickinson poetry the reason i can tell you what opportunity cost is is because one day when i was playing super mario on my couch my friend emmet walked in and he said how long have you been playing super mario and i said i don't know like six hours and he said do you realize that if you'd worked at baskin robbins those six hours you could have made dollars so in some ways you just paid thirty dollars to play super mario and i was like i'll take that deal
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it wasn't a formal organized learning process and i'm happy to admit that it was spotty it was inconsistent there was a lot i didn't know i might know you know cantor's idea that some infinite sets are larger than other infinite sets but i didn't really understand the calculus behind that idea i might know the idea of opportunity cost but i didn't know the law of diminishing returns but the great thing about imagining learning as instead of imagining it as arbitrary hurdles that you have to jump over is that you see a bit of coastline and that makes you want to see more and so now i do know at least some of the calculus that underlies all of that stuff so i had one learning community in high school then i went to another for college and then i went to another when i started working at a magazine called where i was an assistant surrounded by astonishingly well read people and then i wrote a book and like all authors dream of doing i promptly quit my job
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things from all over the world have been rebuilt here away from their histories and away from the people that experience them differently sometimes improvements were made even the sphinx got a nose job here there's no reason to feel like you're missing anything this new york means the same to me as it does to everyone else everything is out of context and that means context allows for everything self parking events center shark reef this fabrication of place could be one of the world's greatest achievements because no one belongs here everyone does as i walked around this morning i noticed most of the buildings were huge mirrors reflecting the sun back into the desert but unlike most mirrors which present you with an outside view of yourself embedded in a place these mirrors come back empty makes me nostalgic for the days when you could see the pixels in online video
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the immediate cause was of course the assassination in sarajevo of the austrian archduke franz ferdinand on june by a bosnian serb nationalist named quick aside it's worth noting that the first big war of the twentieth century began with an act of terrorism so franz ferdinand wasn't particularly well liked by his uncle the emperor franz joseph now that is a mustache but even so the assassination led austria to issue an ultimatum to serbia whereupon serbia accepted some but not all of austria's demands leading austria to declare war against serbia and then russia due to its alliance with the serbs mobilized its army germany because it had an alliance with austria told russia to stop mobilizing which russia failed to do so then germany mobilized its own army declared war on russia cemented an alliance with the and then declared war on france because you know france
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i really believe that these spaces these communities have become for a new generation of learners the kind of communities the kind of communities that i had when i was in high school and then again when i was in college and as an adult re finding these communities has re introduced me to a community of learners and has encouraged me to continue to be a learner even in my adulthood so that i no longer feel like learning is something reserved for the young vi hart and minute physics introduced me to all kinds of things that i didn't know before and i know that we all back to the days of the parisian salon in the enlightenment or to the algonquin round table and wish oh i wish i could have been a part of that i wish i could have laughed at dorothy parker's jokes but i'm here to tell you that these places exist they still exist they exist in corners of the internet where old men fear to tread
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this is a map of new york state that was made in by the general drafting company it's an extremely famous map among nerds because down here at the bottom of the catskill mountains there is a little town called roscoe actually this will go easier if i just put it up here there's roscoe and then right above roscoe is rockland new york and then right above that is the tiny town of new york new york is very famous to because it's a paper town it's also known as a copyright trap because my map of new york and your map of new york are going to look very similar on account of the shape of new york often will insert fake places onto their maps in order to protect their copyright because then if my fake place shows up on your map i can be well and truly sure that you have robbed me
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and this is of course a completely irresistible metaphor to a novelist because we would all like to believe that the stuff that we write down on paper can change the actual world in which we're actually living which is why my third book is called paper towns but what interests me ultimately more than the medium in which this happened is the phenomenon itself it's easy enough to say that the world shapes our maps of the world right like the overall shape of the world is obviously going to affect our maps but what i find a lot more interesting is the way that the manner in which we map the world changes the world because the world would truly be a different place if north were down
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but what i find a lot more interesting is the way that the manner in which we map the world changes the world because the world would truly be a different place if north were down and the world would be a truly different place if alaska and russia weren't on opposite sides of the map and the world would be a different place if we projected europe to show it in its actual size the world is changed by our maps of the world the way that we choose sort of our personal enterprise also shapes the map of our lives and that in turn shapes our lives i believe that what we map changes the life we lead and i don't mean that in some like secret y oprah's angels network like you out sense but i do believe that while maps don't show you where you will go in your life they show you where you might go
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and then when i was in tenth grade i went to this school indian springs school a small boarding school outside of birmingham alabama and all at once i became a learner and i became a learner because i found myself in a community of learners i found myself surrounded by people who celebrated intellectualism and engagement and who thought that my ironic oh disengagement wasn't clever or funny but like it was a simple and unspectacular response to very complicated and compelling problems and so i started to learn because learning was cool i learned that some infinite sets are bigger than other infinite sets and i learned that is and why it sounds so good to human ears i learned that the civil war was a nationalizing conflict i learned some physics i learned that correlation shouldn't be confused with causation all of these things by the way enriched my life on a literally daily basis
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in i met that guy his name is ze frank i didn't actually meet him just on the internet ze frank was running at the time a show called the show with ze frank and i discovered the show and that was my way back into being a community learner again here's ze talking about las vegas las vegas was built in the middle of a huge hot desert almost everything here was brought from somewhere else the sort of rocks the trees the waterfalls these fish are almost as out of place as my pig that flew contrasted to the scorching desert that surrounds this place so are these people
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we turned the earth into a sandwich by having one person hold a piece of bread at one point on the earth and on the exact opposite point of the earth have another person holding a piece of bread i realize that these are silly ideas but they are also ideas and that was what was so exciting to me and if you go online you can find communities like this all over the place follow the calculus tag on and yes you will see people complaining about calculus but you'll also see people re those complaints making the argument that calculus is interesting and beautiful and here's a way in to thinking about the problem that you find unsolvable you can go to places like and find sub like ask a historian or ask science where you can ask people who are in these fields a wide range of questions from very serious ones to very silly ones but to me the most interesting communities of learners that are growing up on the internet right now are on and admittedly i am biased but i think in a lot of ways the page resembles a classroom look for instance at minute physics a guy who's teaching the world about physics let's cut to the chase as of july the higgs is the last fundamental piece of the standard model of particle physics to be discovered experimentally but you might ask why was the higgs included in the standard model alongside well known particles like electrons and photons and quarks if it hadn't been discovered back then in the good question
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so where do we start this is a slice through me in the middle you can see that little structure squeezing out that's the left pushing blood out through the aortic valve you can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there up into the ascending aorta and it's that part the ascending aorta which and ultimately bursts which of course is fatal we started by organizing image acquisition from magnetic resonance and ct imaging machines from which to make a model of the patient's aorta this is a model of my aorta i've got a real one in my pocket if anyone would like to look at it and play with it
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two hours to install one of our devices compared to hours for the existing treatment as i said the existing treatment requires the heart lung bypass machine and it requires a total body cooling we don't need any of that we work on a beating heart he opens you up he the aorta while your heart is beating all at the right temperature no breaking into your circulatory system so it really is great but for me absolutely the best point is there is no therapy required i don't take any drugs at all other than recreational ones that i would choose to take
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when we first approached one of the big charitable organizations that fund this kind of stuff we essentially gave them an engineering proposal they didn't understand it they were doctors next to god it must be rubbish they it so in the end i went after private investors just gave up on it most is going to be institutionally funded by the polish academy of sciences or the engineering and physical sciences research council or whatever and you need to get past those people jargon is a huge problem when you try to work across disciplines because in an engineering world we all understand cad and not in the medical world i suppose the funding bureaucrats ultimately have to get their act together they've really got to start talking to each other and exercise a bit of imagination if that's not too much to ask
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that's all the bad news the good news is the benefits are huge translate that one i bet they can't
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i'm a process engineer i know all about boilers and incinerators and fabric filters and cyclones and things like that but i also have syndrome this is an inherited disorder and in i participated in a genetic study and found to my horror as you can see from the slide that my ascending aorta was not in the normal range the green line at the bottom everyone in here will be between and i was already up at and as you can see my aorta dilated progressively and i got closer and closer to the point where surgery was going to be necessary
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surgery on offer was pretty gruesome you open your chest put you on an artificial heart and lung machine drop your body temperature to about centigrade stop your heart cut the aorta out replace it with a plastic valve and a plastic aorta and most importantly commit you to a lifetime of therapy normally the thought of the surgery was not attractive the thought of the was really quite frightening so i said to myself i'm an engineer i'm in this is just a plumbing problem
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this is a sort of cad model of me and this is one of the later cad models we went through an iterative process of producing better and better models
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john pepper bless his heart professor of surgery never done it before in his life he put the first one in didn't like it he put the second one in happy away i went four and a half hours on the table and everything was done so the surgical implantation was actually the easiest part if you compare our new treatment to the existing alternative the composite aortic root graft there are one or two startling comparisons which i'm sure will be clear to all of you two hours to install one of our devices compared to hours for the existing treatment as i said the existing treatment requires the heart lung bypass machine and it requires a total body cooling we don't need any of that
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so in the search box i typed in mother's day and i was surprised and delighted to see a list of dozens and dozens of mother's day cards that showed up on the scratch website many of them just in the past hours by just like myself so i started taking a look at them i saw one of them that featured a kitten and her mom and wishing her mom a happy mother's day and the creator very offered a replay for her mom another one was an interactive project where when you moved the mouse over the letters of happy mom day it reveals a special happy mother's day slogan in this one the creator told a narrative about how she had to find out when mother's day was happening and then once she found out when mother's day was happening she delivered a special mother's day greeting of how much she loved her mom so i really enjoyed looking at these projects and interacting with these projects in fact i liked it so much that instead of making my own project i sent my mom links to about a dozen of these projects
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it was a saturday afternoon in may and i suddenly realized that the next day was mother's day and i hadn't gotten anything for my mom so i started thinking about what should i get my mom for mother's day i thought why don't i make her an interactive mother's day card using the scratch software that i'd been developing with my research group at the mit media lab we developed it so that people could easily create their own interactive stories and games and animations and then share their creations with one another so i thought this would be an opportunity to use scratch to make an interactive card for my mom before making my own mother's day card i thought i would take a look at the scratch website so over the last several years kids around the world ages and up have shared their projects and i thought i wonder if of those three million projects whether anyone else has thought to put up mother's day cards
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a friend told me shortly after that that she had heard that tim russert a nationally renowned journalist had been talking about me on national t v an essay i'd written about my father the year before he died was in tim's new book and he was doing the talk show circuit and he was talking about my writing and when i realized that tim russert former moderator of meet the press was talking about my writing while i was living in a van in a wal mart parking lot i started laughing you should too
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i've camped my whole life and i decided that living in a van for a year to do this would be like one long camping trip so i packed my cat my and my camping gear into a chevy van and drove off into the sunset having fully failed to realize three critical things one that society equates living in a permanent structure even a shack with having value as a person two i failed to realize how quickly the negative perceptions of other people can impact our reality if we let it three i failed to realize that homelessness is an attitude not a lifestyle at first living in the van was great
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i roll swiftly through an airport right and moms grab their kids out of the way and say don't stare the poor kid you know has this terrified look on his face god knows what they think and for decades i'm going why does this happen what can i do about it how can i change this i mean there must be something so i would roll i'd make no eye contact just kinda frown right or i'd dress up really really sharply or something or i'd make eye contact with everyone that was really creepy that didn't work at all
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you can probably tell there are two sets of twins the result of technology in vitro fertilization technology due to some physical limitations i won't go into anyway in vitro technology is about as intentional as agriculture let me tell you some of you may have the experience in fact the whole technology of sperm extraction for spinal cord injured males was invented by a veterinarian i met the dude he's a great guy he carried this big leather bag full of sperm probes for all of the animals that he'd worked with all the different animals probes he designed and in fact he was really really proud of these probes he would say you're right between horse and squirrel john
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bad design there's just no excuse for it it's letting stuff happen without thinking about it every object should be about something john it should imagine a user it should cast that user in a story starring the user and the object good design my dad said is about supplying intent that's what he said dad helped design the control panels for the computer that was a big deal that was important
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all of us designers oh oh dad oh dad the song is just a given it's how you cover it that matters
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