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jonathanli
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Dataset card Data Studio Files
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Mercury_7128783
If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?
{ "text": [ "bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?
[ "bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds" ]
3
[ "nucleus", "an electron.", "an atom.", "fish-eating birds" ]
Mercury_SC_409381
Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?
{ "text": [ "a nucleus", "a vacuole", "a chloroplast", "a mitochondrion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?
[ "a nucleus", "a vacuole", "a chloroplast", "a mitochondrion" ]
2
[ "investigating causes of water pollution", "carry blood back to the heart.", "a chloroplast", "It takes 365 days, which represents one Earth year." ]
Mercury_7026635
The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?
{ "text": [ "clouds of hot gas", "large numbers of stars", "high energy compounds", "extremely reflective ice particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?
[ "clouds of hot gas", "large numbers of stars", "high energy compounds", "extremely reflective ice particles" ]
1
[ "peat.", "large numbers of stars", "primary consumers", "establishing an inventory of bones collected." ]
Mercury_7173793
More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere?
{ "text": [ "There will be a decrease in sea level.", "The acidity of the ocean will increase.", "There will be an increase in fresh water.", "The temperature of the oceans will decline." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere?
[ "There will be a decrease in sea level.", "The acidity of the ocean will increase.", "There will be an increase in fresh water.", "The temperature of the oceans will decline." ]
1
[ "cleaning food.", "The acidity of the ocean will increase.", "producer and consumer", "rivers" ]
Mercury_SC_409148
Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food?
{ "text": [ "electrical", "heat", "light", "mechanical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food?
[ "electrical", "heat", "light", "mechanical" ]
2
[ "earthquake", "developing highways", "light", "a leaf growing" ]
Mercury_SC_407709
Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats?
{ "text": [ "the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten", "the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten", "the number of leaves that were put in the container", "the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats?
[ "the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten", "the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten", "the number of leaves that were put in the container", "the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating" ]
0
[ "the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten", "hair", "pedigree chart", "rainforest" ]
CSZ20880
Which class of elements best conducts electricity?
{ "text": [ "metals", "nonmetals", "semimetals", "noble (inert) gases" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which class of elements best conducts electricity?
[ "metals", "nonmetals", "semimetals", "noble (inert) gases" ]
0
[ "metals", "a hawk eating a mouse", "regional weather", "Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?" ]
Mercury_400886
What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O
{ "text": [ "sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride", "sodium chloride and water", "sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen", "sodium, chlorine, and water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O
[ "sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride", "sodium chloride and water", "sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen", "sodium, chlorine, and water" ]
1
[ "reflection", "sodium chloride and water", "The trees could not make flowers.", "because of the great number of bright stars" ]
OHAT_2008_8_13
Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this?
{ "text": [ "mutualism", "parasitism", "predation", "commensalism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this?
[ "mutualism", "parasitism", "predation", "commensalism" ]
0
[ "mutualism", "appendix", "air", "flowing water" ]
Mercury_409875
In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees?
{ "text": [ "a decrease in the amount of available oxygen", "an increase in the amount of sunlight", "a decrease in the pH of the soil", "an increase in soil nutrients" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees?
[ "a decrease in the amount of available oxygen", "an increase in the amount of sunlight", "a decrease in the pH of the soil", "an increase in soil nutrients" ]
2
[ "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "condensation", "a decrease in the pH of the soil", "They move slower." ]
MCAS_1999_8_11
The first step in the construction of a building typically involves
{ "text": [ "clearing the land.", "setting the foundation.", "servicing the structure.", "installing utilities." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
The first step in the construction of a building typically involves
[ "clearing the land.", "setting the foundation.", "servicing the structure.", "installing utilities." ]
0
[ "clearing the land.", "cell membrane", "creating shelter", "volcanic" ]
Mercury_7004463
What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations?
{ "text": [ "imbalance in ecosystems", "predator-prey relationships", "dominant and recessive traits", "male and female genetic differences" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations?
[ "imbalance in ecosystems", "predator-prey relationships", "dominant and recessive traits", "male and female genetic differences" ]
2
[ "night", "barometer", "dominant and recessive traits", "desire to play fetch" ]
Mercury_LBS10378
The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?
{ "text": [ "(1.45)^3", "1 5/11", "1.45 x 10^3", "1.45 x 3" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?
[ "(1.45)^3", "1 5/11", "1.45 x 10^3", "1.45 x 3" ]
2
[ "water becoming steam", "magnetic", "1.45 x 10^3", "copper" ]
Mercury_182385
In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?
{ "text": [ "nitrification", "denitrification", "nitrogen saturation", "nitrogen fixation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?
[ "nitrification", "denitrification", "nitrogen saturation", "nitrogen fixation" ]
3
[ "It soaks into the concrete.", "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "the electrical repulsion of nuclei in the plasma", "nitrogen fixation" ]
NAEP_2005_4_S10+1
The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by
{ "text": [ "eruptions of active volcanoes", "the impacts of many meteoroids", "shifting rock on the Moon's surface (\"moonquakes\")", "tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by
[ "eruptions of active volcanoes", "the impacts of many meteoroids", "shifting rock on the Moon's surface (\"moonquakes\")", "tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun" ]
1
[ "It is easily generated in most big cities.", "the impacts of many meteoroids", "sunlight", "deer" ]
Mercury_7024325
Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem?
{ "text": [ "plants would have more nitrates to take up", "plants and animals would decompose faster", "high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil", "the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem?
[ "plants would have more nitrates to take up", "plants and animals would decompose faster", "high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil", "the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase" ]
3
[ "mass of the soil.", "high wind on a sunny morning", "adaptation", "the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase" ]
Mercury_7201933
Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend?
{ "text": [ "by gradually making up more available energy", "by using resources faster than they can be replaced", "by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem", "by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend?
[ "by gradually making up more available energy", "by using resources faster than they can be replaced", "by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem", "by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported" ]
1
[ "The universe is expanding.", "by using resources faster than they can be replaced", "frog", "squeezing ligaments." ]
Mercury_SC_417560
Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?
{ "text": [ "odors", "light", "sound", "electricity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?
[ "odors", "light", "sound", "electricity" ]
2
[ "iron", "only younger frogs will survive", "sound", "quasars." ]
TIMSS_2011_4_pg37
Which two objects produce their own light?
{ "text": [ "candle and moon", "moon and mirror", "sun and candle", "mirror and sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which two objects produce their own light?
[ "candle and moon", "moon and mirror", "sun and candle", "mirror and sun" ]
2
[ "They move slowly over one another.", "gasoline", "sun and candle", "by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_1
Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?
{ "text": [ "a dog burying a bone", "a girl eating an apple", "an insect crawling on a leaf", "a boy planting tomatoes in a garden" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?
[ "a dog burying a bone", "a girl eating an apple", "an insect crawling on a leaf", "a boy planting tomatoes in a garden" ]
1
[ "dams on the lower Mississippi", "a girl eating an apple", "The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.", "temperature inversions" ]
Mercury_7248115
In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?
{ "text": [ "cytoskeleton and cell membrane", "cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus", "nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum", "ribosome and central vacuole" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?
[ "cytoskeleton and cell membrane", "cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus", "nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum", "ribosome and central vacuole" ]
0
[ "cytoskeleton and cell membrane", "a microorganism", "natural selection", "software to search for images" ]
Mercury_7161088
A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?
{ "text": [ "wavelength will be increased", "amplitude will be unchanged", "frequency will be distorted", "speed will be decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?
[ "wavelength will be increased", "amplitude will be unchanged", "frequency will be distorted", "speed will be decreased" ]
2
[ "learned traits.", "their speed of movement", "frequency will be distorted", "Granite" ]
Mercury_7072293
An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces
{ "text": [ "kinetic energy.", "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "potential energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces
[ "kinetic energy.", "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "potential energy." ]
2
[ "1", "low rainfall", "chemical changes.", "decreasing oxygen levels" ]
ACTAAP_2014_7_9
Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water?
{ "text": [ "mixing", "settling", "filtration", "evaporation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water?
[ "mixing", "settling", "filtration", "evaporation" ]
3
[ "map the Earth's surface.", "the amount of light required on Earth in one year.", "ear", "evaporation" ]
Mercury_SC_401189
Which is an example of light being reflected?
{ "text": [ "taking a picture", "using a magnifying glass", "looking into a mirror", "using eyeglasses" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which is an example of light being reflected?
[ "taking a picture", "using a magnifying glass", "looking into a mirror", "using eyeglasses" ]
2
[ "electron", "animals.", "looking into a mirror", "Pb and O" ]
Mercury_SC_400689
What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?
{ "text": [ "It causes evaporation.", "It allows plants to grow.", "It provides heat for organisms.", "It transmits light." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?
[ "It causes evaporation.", "It allows plants to grow.", "It provides heat for organisms.", "It transmits light." ]
0
[ "It causes evaporation.", "Food provides oxygen for life.", "an increase in radioactive wastes", "growth" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_36
Which activity is an example of a chemical change?
{ "text": [ "dissolving table salt in water", "hammering aluminum into thin sheets", "melting gold to make jewelry", "burning wood to produce ashes" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
4
Which activity is an example of a chemical change?
[ "dissolving table salt in water", "hammering aluminum into thin sheets", "melting gold to make jewelry", "burning wood to produce ashes" ]
3
[ "scavengers.", "biological adaptation", "The average kinetic energy of the molecules decreased.", "burning wood to produce ashes" ]
CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10256
A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?
{ "text": [ "rainy.", "sunny.", "snowing.", "hailing." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?
[ "rainy.", "sunny.", "snowing.", "hailing." ]
0
[ "rainy.", "Some individuals respond to their environment by mutating to make themselves more likely to survive.", "the Sun rotating on its axis", "red blood cells" ]
MDSA_2011_4_2
In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?
{ "text": [ "Dark fur is lightweight.", "Dark fur scares enemies.", "Dark fur helps bears hide.", "Dark fur keeps bears cool." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?
[ "Dark fur is lightweight.", "Dark fur scares enemies.", "Dark fur helps bears hide.", "Dark fur keeps bears cool." ]
2
[ "a sand dune", "Pluto", "Dark fur helps bears hide.", "continued climate stability" ]
Mercury_SC_409235
Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest?
{ "text": [ "There is more rain in the forest.", "There is more oxygen in the forest.", "There is more sunlight in the forest.", "There is more competition in the forest." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest?
[ "There is more rain in the forest.", "There is more oxygen in the forest.", "There is more sunlight in the forest.", "There is more competition in the forest." ]
0
[ "There is more rain in the forest.", "Tie identical weights to a long string.", "pictograph.", "sound to electrical" ]
Mercury_184800
A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments?
{ "text": [ "prairie", "desert", "coniferous forest", "deciduous forest" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments?
[ "prairie", "desert", "coniferous forest", "deciduous forest" ]
1
[ "tectonic cycle", "desert", "satellite map", "the inner core" ]
Mercury_SC_400022
What happens when oil is placed in water?
{ "text": [ "Some oil sinks below the surface.", "Oil droplets form in the water.", "The oil and water mix together.", "The oil floats on top of the water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
What happens when oil is placed in water?
[ "Some oil sinks below the surface.", "Oil droplets form in the water.", "The oil and water mix together.", "The oil floats on top of the water." ]
3
[ "a short steel rod", "research the number of different hummingbirds that live in the garden", "the atomic mass.", "The oil floats on top of the water." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_25
A decomposer is an organism that
{ "text": [ "hunts and eats animals", "migrates for the winter", "breaks down dead plants and animals", "uses water and sunlight to make food" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A decomposer is an organism that
[ "hunts and eats animals", "migrates for the winter", "breaks down dead plants and animals", "uses water and sunlight to make food" ]
2
[ "Raising young", "The speed of the sound is too fast.", "breaks down dead plants and animals", "The cell would break open." ]
MCAS_2016_8_17
Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex?
{ "text": [ "cells -> gills -> tissues", "cells -> tissues -> gills", "gills -> tissues -> cells", "tissues -> gills -> cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex?
[ "cells -> gills -> tissues", "cells -> tissues -> gills", "gills -> tissues -> cells", "tissues -> gills -> cells" ]
1
[ "attracting mates", "cells -> tissues -> gills", "To make food", "the Moon to appear as different shapes." ]
TIMSS_2011_4_pg100
Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?
{ "text": [ "to keep the eggs inside the nest", "to keep the eggs warm", "to protect the eggs from the wind", "to protect the eggs from the rain" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?
[ "to keep the eggs inside the nest", "to keep the eggs warm", "to protect the eggs from the wind", "to protect the eggs from the rain" ]
1
[ "radiation", "to keep the eggs warm", "to make food for the plant", "a solution" ]
Mercury_7057120
A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope?
{ "text": [ "cell division", "cellular respiration", "heat production", "food storage" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope?
[ "cell division", "cellular respiration", "heat production", "food storage" ]
0
[ "cell division", "the large intestine", "dry and warm", "Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos" ]
TIMSS_2007_8_pg35
When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?
{ "text": [ "Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound lo...
B
When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?
[ "Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder." ]
1
[ "subduction", "Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.", "dry line", "building more factories" ]
Mercury_SC_401255
Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed?
{ "text": [ "gas", "solid", "solution", "compound" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed?
[ "gas", "solid", "solution", "compound" ]
2
[ "chemical", "the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem", "solution", "quasar" ]
MCAS_2010_5_11990
Which of the following best describes the climate of an area?
{ "text": [ "the high temperature and wind speed for six months", "the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year", "the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day", "the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years" ], "label": [ "A", "B", ...
D
Which of the following best describes the climate of an area?
[ "the high temperature and wind speed for six months", "the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year", "the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day", "the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years" ]
3
[ "producers.", "on mountain tops", "systems to locate viewers", "the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years" ]
Mercury_SC_401260
Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a
{ "text": [ "liquid.", "mixture.", "solution.", "suspension." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a
[ "liquid.", "mixture.", "solution.", "suspension." ]
1
[ "The recessive trait will be visible.", "mixture.", "the amount of water in the plant's environment", "digestive" ]
MDSA_2009_5_19
All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natu...
{ "text": [ "A home burns natural gas for heat.", "A city burns coal to generate electricity.", "A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.", "A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natu...
[ "A home burns natural gas for heat.", "A city burns coal to generate electricity.", "A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.", "A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel." ]
2
[ "overproduction of the medication", "to control population size", "A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.", "There will be a decrease in sea level." ]
MCAS_2007_8_5174
Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?
{ "text": [ "The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary.", "California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.", "The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard.", "California is located o...
B
Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?
[ "The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary.", "California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.", "The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard.", "California is located on a continental plat...
1
[ "treatment of airborne infections", "California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.", "produce their own food using light from the Sun.", "magnetism" ]
Mercury_175368
Which of these describes a chemical change?
{ "text": [ "water freezing", "paper burning", "water becoming steam", "paper being torn" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of these describes a chemical change?
[ "water freezing", "paper burning", "water becoming steam", "paper being torn" ]
1
[ "because the Sun rotates on its axis", "paper burning", "It is clear and breezy.", "The body is producing hormones to kill the infection." ]
Mercury_SC_400188
A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree?
{ "text": [ "measure the height of the tree", "measure the thickness of the bark", "count the number of rings in the trunk", "count the branches growing from the trunk" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree?
[ "measure the height of the tree", "measure the thickness of the bark", "count the number of rings in the trunk", "count the branches growing from the trunk" ]
2
[ "a mixture.", "faster diagnosis of medical problems", "count the number of rings in the trunk", "a collection of stars and gases with the Sun as its center" ]
MCAS_2001_8_11
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are
{ "text": [ "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.", "tissues, cells, organ systems, organs.", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.", "cells, tissues, organ systems, organs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are
[ "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.", "tissues, cells, organ systems, organs.", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.", "cells, tissues, organ systems, organs." ]
2
[ "the time it takes the Sun to move through the galaxy.", "organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.", "Neil Armstrong" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_15
Which object is nonliving?
{ "text": [ "bear", "bicycle", "bird", "butterfly" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which object is nonliving?
[ "bear", "bicycle", "bird", "butterfly" ]
1
[ "the plumbing", "bicycle", "when it is reversible", "kilogram" ]
Mercury_SC_402048
What happens when oil and water are mixed?
{ "text": [ "The mixture changes color.", "The water becomes cloudy.", "The oil dissolves in the water.", "The oil and water remain separate." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
What happens when oil and water are mixed?
[ "The mixture changes color.", "The water becomes cloudy.", "The oil dissolves in the water.", "The oil and water remain separate." ]
3
[ "the Conservation of Energy", "only objects that sink in water", "the Moon to rotate once", "The oil and water remain separate." ]
MDSA_2009_5_46
Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?
{ "text": [ "centimeters", "grams", "milliliters", "seconds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?
[ "centimeters", "grams", "milliliters", "seconds" ]
3
[ "respiratory system", "black dwarf", "About 100°F", "seconds" ]
Mercury_LBS11005
A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use?
{ "text": [ "coal", "gas", "oil", "solar" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use?
[ "coal", "gas", "oil", "solar" ]
3
[ "shape and texture of the sample", "precipitation and transpiration", "humans, sun, and stems.", "solar" ]
TAKS_2009_5_33
Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?
{ "text": [ "A bird's sharp beak", "A cow's tail", "A sea turtle's flippers", "A black bear's fur" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?
[ "A bird's sharp beak", "A cow's tail", "A sea turtle's flippers", "A black bear's fur" ]
2
[ "daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis", "two continental plates converging", "A sea turtle's flippers", "ten times the distance from Earth to the Sun" ]
ACTAAP_2015_5_4
A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?
{ "text": [ "Cell theory was developed using a microscope.", "Cell theory was developed to study living things.", "Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.", "Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C"...
C
A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?
[ "Cell theory was developed using a microscope.", "Cell theory was developed to study living things.", "Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.", "Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving." ]
2
[ "commensalism", "The atom is not an isotope.", "Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.", "a boy playing with a ball" ]
Mercury_7071453
A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible?
{ "text": [ "The organism avoids radio waves.", "The organism avoids gamma rays.", "The organism moves away from vibrations.", "The organism moves away from heat sources." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible?
[ "The organism avoids radio waves.", "The organism avoids gamma rays.", "The organism moves away from vibrations.", "The organism moves away from heat sources." ]
3
[ "metric ruler", "Magma is cool. Lava is hot.", "leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporated solutions.", "The organism moves away from heat sources." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_4
Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?
{ "text": [ "a squirrel climbing a tree", "a rabbit feeding its young", "a frog eating an insect", "a bird migrating south" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?
[ "a squirrel climbing a tree", "a rabbit feeding its young", "a frog eating an insect", "a bird migrating south" ]
3
[ "to generate a sound wave", "attract a mate", "The kittens are provided the same kind of milk from their mother as they grow.", "a bird migrating south" ]
Mercury_7168193
Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria?
{ "text": [ "skin", "bone", "blood", "muscle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria?
[ "skin", "bone", "blood", "muscle" ]
3
[ "The test tube is the same temperature as the air.", "oxidation", "a liquid chemical used to make soil more fertile", "muscle" ]
Mercury_7024710
Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store?
{ "text": [ "burn them once a month", "send them to be dumped in a remote area", "have them recycled for future paper products", "put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store?
[ "burn them once a month", "send them to be dumped in a remote area", "have them recycled for future paper products", "put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash" ]
2
[ "Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.", "the Sun", "have them recycled for future paper products", "crab, earthworm, snake" ]
Mercury_SC_400328
Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing?
{ "text": [ "compass", "hand lens", "microscope", "safety goggles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing?
[ "compass", "hand lens", "microscope", "safety goggles" ]
3
[ "energy", "warmth at night", "astronomer, ecologist and physicist", "safety goggles" ]
Mercury_405156
Which processes change magma into igneous rock?
{ "text": [ "cooling and crystallization", "compaction and cementation", "heat and pressure", "weathering and erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which processes change magma into igneous rock?
[ "cooling and crystallization", "compaction and cementation", "heat and pressure", "weathering and erosion" ]
0
[ "cooling and crystallization", "deposition", "Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.", "an increase in gravity" ]
LEAP_2009_4_10292
Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation?
{ "text": [ "tasting water from a water fountain", "reading water test results", "studying the rules for purifying water", "investigating causes of water pollution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation?
[ "tasting water from a water fountain", "reading water test results", "studying the rules for purifying water", "investigating causes of water pollution" ]
0
[ "tasting water from a water fountain", "stored energy", "gene sequencing.", "The overall temperature will decrease." ]
Mercury_7072660
Two identical books are on opposite ends of a table. Which of these would increase the gravitational force exerted between the two books?
{ "text": [ "decrease the distance between the books", "decrease the mass of the books", "decrease the mass of the table", "decrease the temperature in the room" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Two identical books are on opposite ends of a table. Which of these would increase the gravitational force exerted between the two books?
[ "decrease the distance between the books", "decrease the mass of the books", "decrease the mass of the table", "decrease the temperature in the room" ]
0
[ "decrease the distance between the books", "large intestine", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "380 lbs." ]
Mercury_SC_400051
When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by
{ "text": [ "the size of the guitar.", "the metal on the guitar.", "the wood on the guitar.", "the vibrations of the string." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by
[ "the size of the guitar.", "the metal on the guitar.", "the wood on the guitar.", "the vibrations of the string." ]
3
[ "As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.", "abundance in nature.", "family", "the vibrations of the string." ]
ACTAAP_2014_5_14
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
{ "text": [ "absorbing oxygen", "reflecting green light", "absorbing light energy", "blocking carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
[ "absorbing oxygen", "reflecting green light", "absorbing light energy", "blocking carbon dioxide" ]
2
[ "lamp", "respiration", "absorbing light energy", "oceans and the Moon" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_7
Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks?
{ "text": [ "balance", "hand lens", "ruler", "measuring cup" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks?
[ "balance", "hand lens", "ruler", "measuring cup" ]
0
[ "balance", "are non-living organisms.", "aggressive.", "The test tube is very hot." ]
Mercury_407660
Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
{ "text": [ "Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.", "Water evaporates into air.", "Sugar dissolves in water.", "Corn kernels are crushed to form flour." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
[ "Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.", "Water evaporates into air.", "Sugar dissolves in water.", "Corn kernels are crushed to form flour." ]
0
[ "Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.", "sex", "silver", "gravity and magnetism" ]
Mercury_7246225
Which type of evidence would a geologist need to support plate tectonic theory?
{ "text": [ "plant fossils that are similar in size", "the weathering and erosion of coastlines", "new crust formed by the sea floor spreading", "rocks with different physical appearances" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which type of evidence would a geologist need to support plate tectonic theory?
[ "plant fossils that are similar in size", "the weathering and erosion of coastlines", "new crust formed by the sea floor spreading", "rocks with different physical appearances" ]
2
[ "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.", "Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.", "new crust formed by the sea floor spreading", "gas to liquid" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_16
An example of a learned trait is
{ "text": [ "being able to read", "being able to breathe", "having a scar", "having brown eyes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
An example of a learned trait is
[ "being able to read", "being able to breathe", "having a scar", "having brown eyes" ]
0
[ "being able to read", "that travel around the object", "Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "diagonally" ]
Mercury_SC_408575
Angelo wants to know if the volume of water changes when it freezes. He measures the volume of water in its liquid state and then freezes it. Which tool did Angelo most likely use to measure the volume of the water?
{ "text": [ "a microscope", "a thermometer", "a balance scale", "a graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Angelo wants to know if the volume of water changes when it freezes. He measures the volume of water in its liquid state and then freezes it. Which tool did Angelo most likely use to measure the volume of the water?
[ "a microscope", "a thermometer", "a balance scale", "a graduated cylinder" ]
3
[ "The substance changes phases.", "watch movies.", "metals", "a graduated cylinder" ]
MCAS_2005_8_32
In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by
{ "text": [ "lift.", "drag.", "gravity.", "friction." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by
[ "lift.", "drag.", "gravity.", "friction." ]
0
[ "lift.", "glassy texture", "nuclei", "32°C." ]
NAEP_2005_8_S14+10
Why does the leaf of a plant look green?
{ "text": [ "Because it absorbs green light", "Because it reflects green light", "Because it absorbs only yellow and blue light", "Because it reflects a mixture of yellow and blue light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Why does the leaf of a plant look green?
[ "Because it absorbs green light", "Because it reflects green light", "Because it absorbs only yellow and blue light", "Because it reflects a mixture of yellow and blue light" ]
1
[ "Birds lay eggs and reptiles do not.", "Because it reflects green light", "compare how the soils are alike", "Light travels very fast." ]
Mercury_7081410
Which statement best describes the nature of sound?
{ "text": [ "Sound travels fastest in air.", "Sound travels faster than light.", "Sound travels as longitudinal waves.", "Sound travels as transverse waves." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which statement best describes the nature of sound?
[ "Sound travels fastest in air.", "Sound travels faster than light.", "Sound travels as longitudinal waves.", "Sound travels as transverse waves." ]
2
[ "measure the distance each student runs", "electrical and sound", "Sound travels as longitudinal waves.", "The repulsion of protons and neutrons keeps them on opposite ends of atoms." ]
Mercury_7271688
Which of these provides most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?
{ "text": [ "coral reefs", "rainforest plants", "ocean phytoplankton", "continental grasslands" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of these provides most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?
[ "coral reefs", "rainforest plants", "ocean phytoplankton", "continental grasslands" ]
2
[ "uses water and sunlight to make food", "soil", "ocean phytoplankton", "They move faster and move farther apart as they lose heat." ]
Mercury_402217
A solution of lead (II) nitrate reacts with a solution of sodium iodide to produce a yellow solid of lead (II) iodide and aqueous sodium nitrate. Which of these illustrates the reaction?
{ "text": [ "Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> PbI_{2}(s) + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)", "L_{2}N(aq) + SI(aq) -> L_{2}I(s) + SN(aq)", "Pb_{2}N(aq) + NaI(aq) -> Pb_{2}I(s) NaN(aq)", "Fe(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> FeI_{2} + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A solution of lead (II) nitrate reacts with a solution of sodium iodide to produce a yellow solid of lead (II) iodide and aqueous sodium nitrate. Which of these illustrates the reaction?
[ "Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> PbI_{2}(s) + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)", "L_{2}N(aq) + SI(aq) -> L_{2}I(s) + SN(aq)", "Pb_{2}N(aq) + NaI(aq) -> Pb_{2}I(s) NaN(aq)", "Fe(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> FeI_{2} + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)" ]
0
[ "Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> PbI_{2}(s) + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)", "a calculator", "to make the screen easy to read", "require silicon for structural support" ]
Mercury_7123410
A meteoroid becomes a meteorite when it
{ "text": [ "impacts the surface of a planet.", "encounters the atmosphere of a planet.", "makes a complete orbit around a planet.", "starts to burn up in the atmosphere of a planet." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A meteoroid becomes a meteorite when it
[ "impacts the surface of a planet.", "encounters the atmosphere of a planet.", "makes a complete orbit around a planet.", "starts to burn up in the atmosphere of a planet." ]
0
[ "impacts the surface of a planet.", "place the data in a graph.", "The car changes speed.", "the surface of the Sun" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_6
Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?
{ "text": [ "gravity", "friction", "erosion", "magnetism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?
[ "gravity", "friction", "erosion", "magnetism" ]
0
[ "gravity", "subduction zone", "The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.", "community water conservation" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_4
Infectious diseases are caused by
{ "text": [ "allergies", "vitamin deficiencies", "chemical spills", "microorganisms" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
4
Infectious diseases are caused by
[ "allergies", "vitamin deficiencies", "chemical spills", "microorganisms" ]
3
[ "Moving objects produce heat energy.", "wool", "thermal energy", "microorganisms" ]
Mercury_7158970
A water wave that occurs in an ocean is an example of which type of wave?
{ "text": [ "electromagnetic", "gravitational", "transverse", "seismic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A water wave that occurs in an ocean is an example of which type of wave?
[ "electromagnetic", "gravitational", "transverse", "seismic" ]
2
[ "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "a new form of matter", "transverse", "hibernation" ]
MEAP_2005_8_7
Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans?
{ "text": [ "Insects can spread diseases.", "Insects have short life spans.", "Insects pollinate flowering plants.", "Insects sometimes eat poisonous plants." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans?
[ "Insects can spread diseases.", "Insects have short life spans.", "Insects pollinate flowering plants.", "Insects sometimes eat poisonous plants." ]
2
[ "an atom", "harvest production", "Insects pollinate flowering plants.", "larger than Earth." ]
Mercury_7135293
In a closed system, what happens to the total energy of the system as energy conversions take place?
{ "text": [ "It increases.", "It decreases.", "It remains constant.", "It is transferred out of the system." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
In a closed system, what happens to the total energy of the system as energy conversions take place?
[ "It increases.", "It decreases.", "It remains constant.", "It is transferred out of the system." ]
2
[ "As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.", "to streamline birds for efficient flight", "It remains constant.", "support" ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_12
Which of these organisms is a producer in a marine ecosystem?
{ "text": [ "fish", "gull", "algae", "worm" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which of these organisms is a producer in a marine ecosystem?
[ "fish", "gull", "algae", "worm" ]
2
[ "immediate death of the organism", "Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore", "algae", "wind energy" ]
MCAS_2007_8_5192
Which of the following describes a reason why companies irradiate some fruits and vegetables before they are sold to the public?
{ "text": [ "to improve the flavors by increasing the sugar content", "to speed up the ripening of produce picked too early", "to partially cook the produce before canning or freezing", "to extend the shelf life by killing existing microorganisms" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ...
D
Which of the following describes a reason why companies irradiate some fruits and vegetables before they are sold to the public?
[ "to improve the flavors by increasing the sugar content", "to speed up the ripening of produce picked too early", "to partially cook the produce before canning or freezing", "to extend the shelf life by killing existing microorganisms" ]
3
[ "beaker and stopwatch.", "52 weeks", "The cells divide more frequently.", "to extend the shelf life by killing existing microorganisms" ]
AIMS_2009_4_19
A glacier is a slow moving river of ice. How does a glacier help create soil?
{ "text": [ "It scrapes small particles off large rocks.", "It carries plants down mountains and to oceans.", "It melts and becomes part of streams and rivers.", "It freezes small particles of dirt to form large rocks." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
A glacier is a slow moving river of ice. How does a glacier help create soil?
[ "It scrapes small particles off large rocks.", "It carries plants down mountains and to oceans.", "It melts and becomes part of streams and rivers.", "It freezes small particles of dirt to form large rocks." ]
0
[ "It scrapes small particles off large rocks.", "weight", "having large numbers of offspring.", "initial direction" ]
Mercury_SC_410572
During winter months, Amina sometimes notices ice covering the hoods of parked cars. Once the engine of the car runs for a while, the ice on the hood begins to melt. What form of energy is released from the car engine to melt the ice?
{ "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "heat", "light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
During winter months, Amina sometimes notices ice covering the hoods of parked cars. Once the engine of the car runs for a while, the ice on the hood begins to melt. What form of energy is released from the car engine to melt the ice?
[ "chemical", "electrical", "heat", "light" ]
2
[ "steel", "Cells have an electrical charge.", "heat", "wind" ]
Mercury_7103635
A student notices dogs have more fleas in the summer than in the winter. Based on these observations, which is the most logical question for the student to investigate?
{ "text": [ "How does wind affect the amount of fleas on dogs?", "How does diet affect the amount of fleas on dogs?", "How does rain affect the amount of fleas on dogs?", "How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
A student notices dogs have more fleas in the summer than in the winter. Based on these observations, which is the most logical question for the student to investigate?
[ "How does wind affect the amount of fleas on dogs?", "How does diet affect the amount of fleas on dogs?", "How does rain affect the amount of fleas on dogs?", "How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?" ]
3
[ "watts", "making very accurate measurements", "a piece of aluminum", "How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?" ]
TAKS_2009_8_47
According to the periodic table, all of the following are metals except
{ "text": [ "sodium", "zinc", "fluorine", "calcium" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
According to the periodic table, all of the following are metals except
[ "sodium", "zinc", "fluorine", "calcium" ]
2
[ "inertia", "a blood cell", "fluorine", "the change in the amount of motion" ]
MCAS_2009_5_6517
A squid is an animal that lives in the ocean. It pumps a stream of water out of its body, causing it to move rapidly. Which of the following mechanical systems moves in a way most similar to the squid?
{ "text": [ "a bus", "a helicopter", "a rocket", "a train" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A squid is an animal that lives in the ocean. It pumps a stream of water out of its body, causing it to move rapidly. Which of the following mechanical systems moves in a way most similar to the squid?
[ "a bus", "a helicopter", "a rocket", "a train" ]
2
[ "examining models of the process.", "oxygen and argon", "a rocket", "gamma radiation" ]
Mercury_SC_401320
When the wax from a candle drips, the wax has reached
{ "text": [ "its boiling point.", "its melting point.", "a chemical change.", "a physical change." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
When the wax from a candle drips, the wax has reached
[ "its boiling point.", "its melting point.", "a chemical change.", "a physical change." ]
1
[ "break down nutrients.", "its melting point.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.", "newton" ]
Mercury_SC_405886
In the morning, students observed puddles of water all over the playground. What would best explain why the playground was dry in the afternoon?
{ "text": [ "Animals drank the water.", "The wind stopped blowing.", "Someone dried the puddles.", "The water evaporated during the day." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
In the morning, students observed puddles of water all over the playground. What would best explain why the playground was dry in the afternoon?
[ "Animals drank the water.", "The wind stopped blowing.", "Someone dried the puddles.", "The water evaporated during the day." ]
3
[ "the walls", "birds", "stem", "The water evaporated during the day." ]
MCAS_2004_8_10
Many areas of Massachusetts have small deep ponds called kettle ponds. Which of the following best explains the formation of these ponds?
{ "text": [ "avalanche", "wind erosion", "glacial depression", "sediment deposition" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Many areas of Massachusetts have small deep ponds called kettle ponds. Which of the following best explains the formation of these ponds?
[ "avalanche", "wind erosion", "glacial depression", "sediment deposition" ]
2
[ "it is reflected", "more stable.", "glacial depression", "snake" ]
Mercury_183138
What relationship exists between a dog and its fleas?
{ "text": [ "commensalism", "gradualism", "mutualism", "parasitism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
What relationship exists between a dog and its fleas?
[ "commensalism", "gradualism", "mutualism", "parasitism" ]
3
[ "Green plants living in the lake", "an asteroid", "The sun rotates around the planets.", "parasitism" ]
Mercury_SC_405994
Which of the following could limit the supply of a renewable resource?
{ "text": [ "recycling aluminum cans", "cutting down trees in forests", "mining minerals such as gold", "conserving freshwater resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of the following could limit the supply of a renewable resource?
[ "recycling aluminum cans", "cutting down trees in forests", "mining minerals such as gold", "conserving freshwater resources" ]
1
[ "circulatory", "cutting down trees in forests", "fog", "a steam engine" ]
AKDE&ED_2012_8_34
Which statement best describes the energy transformations that occur when a candle burns?
{ "text": [ "Heat energy from the wax is converted into chemical and light energy.", "Heat energy from the air is converted into mechanical and light energy.", "Chemical energy from the wax is converted into light and heat energy.", "Chemical energy from the air is converted into mechanical and light ...
C
Which statement best describes the energy transformations that occur when a candle burns?
[ "Heat energy from the wax is converted into chemical and light energy.", "Heat energy from the air is converted into mechanical and light energy.", "Chemical energy from the wax is converted into light and heat energy.", "Chemical energy from the air is converted into mechanical and light energy." ]
2
[ "The Sun would appear larger and dimmer.", "adaptation", "Chemical energy from the wax is converted into light and heat energy.", "transform" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_27
Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers to produce more crops. However, overuse of these chemicals can result in
{ "text": [ "ecological succession", "material recycling", "environmental pollution", "selective breeding" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
3
Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers to produce more crops. However, overuse of these chemicals can result in
[ "ecological succession", "material recycling", "environmental pollution", "selective breeding" ]
2
[ "the air escaping from the spinning tires", "wooden door", "environmental pollution", "Robert Hooke" ]
Mercury_SC_402262
What type of energy travels through the body of a microscope that allows the specimen to be seen by a student?
{ "text": [ "heat", "solar", "light", "electrical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
What type of energy travels through the body of a microscope that allows the specimen to be seen by a student?
[ "heat", "solar", "light", "electrical" ]
2
[ "by preventing the introduction of other predator species", "causes the particles to move closer together.", "light", "full moon" ]
TIMSS_2003_8_pg26
A powder made up of both white specks and black specks is likely to be
{ "text": [ "a solution", "a pure compound", "a mixture", "an element" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
A powder made up of both white specks and black specks is likely to be
[ "a solution", "a pure compound", "a mixture", "an element" ]
2
[ "shedding the skin", "the center of the universe", "a mixture", "absorption" ]
Mercury_7018550
In the past, wild hogs called "javelinas" were seen only in the southern part of New Mexico. Now, javelinas are seen in areas 100 miles further north. What is the most likely cause of this expansion?
{ "text": [ "Javelinas are reproducing less frequently.", "Environmental conditions have changed.", "The javelina's genetic traits have mutated.", "Nutritional requirements of javelinas have changed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
In the past, wild hogs called "javelinas" were seen only in the southern part of New Mexico. Now, javelinas are seen in areas 100 miles further north. What is the most likely cause of this expansion?
[ "Javelinas are reproducing less frequently.", "Environmental conditions have changed.", "The javelina's genetic traits have mutated.", "Nutritional requirements of javelinas have changed." ]
1
[ "a long piece of copper wire", "Environmental conditions have changed.", "in the ocean.", "It was once part of a rain forest." ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_1
Which is the best example of a pure substance?
{ "text": [ "peanuts", "milk", "gold", "air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
Which is the best example of a pure substance?
[ "peanuts", "milk", "gold", "air" ]
2
[ "a glacier", "landslide", "gold", "brain, spinal cord, and eyes" ]
AKDE&ED_2012_4_44
Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell?
{ "text": [ "hand lens", "telescope", "binoculars", "microscope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell?
[ "hand lens", "telescope", "binoculars", "microscope" ]
3
[ "laying the coil near a magnet", "It is a result of childhood nutrition.", "sand and rock.", "microscope" ]
Mercury_188930
The energy stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule during photosynthesis is in what form?
{ "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "kinetic", "light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
The energy stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule during photosynthesis is in what form?
[ "chemical", "electrical", "kinetic", "light" ]
0
[ "chemical", "Gallons", "a genetic mutation in somatic cells", "Many cells combine to form one cell." ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_21
What happens to water molecules during the boiling process?
{ "text": [ "They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.", "They move faster and remain close together as they absorb heat.", "They move more slowly but move farther apart as they lose heat.", "They move faster and move farther apart as they lose heat." ], "label": [ "A", ...
A
What happens to water molecules during the boiling process?
[ "They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.", "They move faster and remain close together as they absorb heat.", "They move more slowly but move farther apart as they lose heat.", "They move faster and move farther apart as they lose heat." ]
0
[ "They move faster and move farther apart as they absorb heat.", "neither the mother nor the father", "mantle", "invasion by non-native species" ]
Mercury_7148330
Evidence suggests that there is a relationship between ancient dinosaurs and modern birds. Through time, each occurrence of a new trait most likely resulted from which of the following?
{ "text": [ "mutation of genes", "hybridization of species", "extinction of populations", "alteration of the environment" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
Evidence suggests that there is a relationship between ancient dinosaurs and modern birds. Through time, each occurrence of a new trait most likely resulted from which of the following?
[ "mutation of genes", "hybridization of species", "extinction of populations", "alteration of the environment" ]
0
[ "mutation of genes", "glass slides, dye, and a light microscope", "Leave it until the experiment is complete.", "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed." ]
AIMS_2008_4_16
Which of the following can cause erosion?
{ "text": [ "falling leaves", "flowing water", "growing grass", "rising temperatures" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
Which of the following can cause erosion?
[ "falling leaves", "flowing water", "growing grass", "rising temperatures" ]
1
[ "paper that can tear", "flowing water", "concentration of bacteria", "A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly." ]