question
stringlengths 2
6.53k
| choices
sequencelengths 4
4
| answer_index
int64 0
3
| answer_text
stringlengths 1
535
| source
stringclasses 11
values | explanation
stringlengths 0
22.5k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home and Garden
|
[
"[title] Improve your lawn and flowers by applying kelp meal, which is brown seaweed that contains potash and other trace nutrients. [title] Add bone meal, which contains phosphate and calcium, to improve transplanted flowers and plants, as well as bulbs.",
"[step] Black, brown, and white granular can be used as substitutes for other fertilizers. [title] Add compost around the plants or near them if possible.",
"[step] You can find fertilizer online, such as ebptogether or herbalist plant fertilizer or cru. Some types of organic fertilizer can boost the germination rate but can also introduce inedible green matter.",
"[step] The type is fluid-soluble and can be applied once, and often, well before the time of blooming. [title] Add your harvested flowers before they turn yellow or start to dry out."
] | 0
|
[title] Improve your lawn and flowers by applying kelp meal, which is brown seaweed that contains potash and other trace nutrients. [title] Add bone meal, which contains phosphate and calcium, to improve transplanted flowers and plants, as well as bulbs.
|
hellaswag
|
[header] How to fertilize flowers organically [title] Add compost that you have either created in your backyard or bought from a garden center. [step] Compost supplies nutrients and balances the ph of the soil, but is not a true fertilizer. [title] Select the pre-made granular organic blend fertilizer that is best for your type of flowers.
|
Which of the following tissues is most resistant to electric current entry?
|
[
"Muscle",
"Skin",
"Bone",
"Blood"
] | 2
|
Bone
|
medmcqa
|
The most resistant tissue layer of the body to the electricity is the skin, Order of decreased resistance to electricity :- bone > fat > nerve > muscle > blood and body fluids. Variations in resistance are primarily determined by the water content of the tissues. Dry skin has a higher resistance than skin moist with sweat.
|
Which of the following is not a feature of Wernicke's,encephalopathy:
|
[
"Global confusion",
"Opthalmoplegia",
"Ataxia",
"Aphasia"
] | 3
|
Aphasia
|
medmcqa
|
Ans.(d) AphasiaRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 2724The classic triad of symptoms found in Wernicke's encepha- lopathy is:* Global Confusion* Ophthalmo-plegia (Most commonly affecting the lateral rectus muscle).* AtaxiaFor diagnosis: Thiamine can be measured using an erythrocyte transketolase activity assay or by activation by measurement of in vitro thiamine diphosphate levels.
|
What is the best title for the passage?
|
[
"KFC's new product---Edible coffee cups",
"A new treat---Coffee cups and positive memories",
"Coffee cups made from biscuits and chocolate",
"The development of KFC company in the UK"
] | 0
|
KFC's new product---Edible coffee cups
|
race
|
If you're not a fan of KFC's famous Double Down hot dog, don't worry! KFC in the UK is developing a new treat: an edible coffee cup.
The product is still in the trial stage and not yet available for purchase, but according to a KFC news report, the treat is made from a unique biscuit, wrapped in sugar paper, and lined with a layer of heat-resistant white chocolate, which helps keep the coffee hot. As you drink the coffee in the cup, the white chocolate lining will begin to melt slowly, and the biscuit begins to soften.
But it doesn't end there --- the cups are not only edible, they also have a pleasant smell. KFC partnered with The Robin Collective, an experimental food company, to make the cups with coconut sun cream, freshly cut grass and wild flowers scents. According to the news report, that's because the scents arouse the positive memories we associate with warm weather, sunshine and summer holidays. Sounds... delicious?
A manager at KFC said, "We have been experimenting with the edible packaging in limited quantities to see if it could be a popular product in the market. We believe if our customers occasionally like to have their cake and eat it, why wouldn't they want to have their cup and eat it instead! "
The edible cups will only be available in the UK when it comes out. According to a spokesperson for KFC, there are at present no plans to bring it to the U.S. yet.
|
The global financial crisis is likely to cause increased mental health problems as people struggle to deal with poverty and unemployment, the World Health Organization warned Thursday. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are already affected by mental problems such as depression and bipolar disorders and the current market meltdown could worsen feelings of despair among people who can't stand such illnesses. The United Nations agency said the impact could be especially marked for those living in low and middle income countries where access to treatment is often limited. "We should not be surprised at the turbulence and likely consequences of the current financial crisis.Now we are seeing a huge gap in taking care of people in great need," WHO director general Margaret Chan told at a meeting of mental health experts. "It should not come as a surprise that we continue to see more stresses, suicides and mental disorders," Chan warned. Benedetto Saraceno, director of WHO's mental health, said mental health disorders affected one in four people at some point in their lives. Mental and neurological disorders are often chronic and disabling, he said.Nearly 1 million people commit suicide worldwide every year, a large part of them are young adults. Asked about the financial crisis, Saraceno said, "Poverty can be the consequence of such events, the debts, despair and sense of loss that may reach middle and lower classes.Even the poor can be affected by this crisis." "There is clear evidence that suicide is linked to financial disasters.I am not talking about the millionaire's jumping out of the window but about poor people," he said.The global crisis could be expected to affect the "stability of communities and families", according to Saraceno. The United Nations agency worried that _.
|
[
"more rich people would commit suicide",
"the financial crisis might especially influence developing or underdeveloped countries",
"the current market meltdown could worsen feelings of despair",
"hundreds of millions of people in the world were already affected by mental problems"
] | 1
|
the financial crisis might especially influence developing or underdeveloped countries
|
mmlu
| |
Which of the following liver tumor is likely to develop in females taking oral contraceptives?
|
[
"Hepatoma",
"Lymphoma",
"Focal nodular hyperplasia",
"Hepatic adenoma"
] | 3
|
Hepatic adenoma
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. d. Hepatic adenomaHEPATIC ADENOMA# Hepatocellular adenoma is benign tumor of hepatocytes.# It is most frequent hepatic tumor in young women after use of oral contraceptive steroids.# It is usually single.# Predisposing factors include:- OC pills,anabolic steroids, - pregnancy,DM, &Von-Gierke type la.# Differential diagnosis:- Fibrolamellar HCC (large lobulated mass with scar and septae)- Focal nodular hyperplasia (homogeneously enhancing mass and central scar on delayed CECT).- Hypervascular mets which are iso/hypodense on delayed phase.# Treatment:- <6 cm --conservative; > 6cm -->Surgery & avoid pregnancy due to risk of rupture.- By 2nd or 3rd decade of life most patients with glycogen storage disease type I develop hepatic adenomas that can cause hemorrhage spontaneously & in some cases, become malignant.
|
Making a good job choice is almost as good as choosing a good life. So, choosing a job is one of the most important decisions to make in life. For my job, there are three important things that I will consider: The first one - that I must work in an area I like - is most important to me. Someone once said if you find a job that you enjoy, then you won't have to work another day. I would like to work in an area where I can be more creative. I would like to be the most valuable member there. All this is possible only if I like what I do. The second one is that the area of my work must lead me to solve some new and hard problems. I would like to stay in the same area for a long time. In order for this to happen, the work must provide enough problems. More than just working to live, I enjoy making a difference and trying my best for the whole progress. I would also like to be well _ for my hard work, so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money. Then I can provide the best for my family. The third important thing is that I would like to work in an area that would help other people. The work in my mind is in fields such as the army, training or management. In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. It would be a most satisfying job to help young people to become the best that they can be. When I become old, I would like to look back with a great sense of satisfaction that thousands of people have become better persons through my work. I accept the idea that no one should make a choice of a job suddenly or quickly. He should decide what he wants to be in the long run. Then, he should decide how he works towards it. He should study the proper courses, read the books and speak to knowledgeable persons in that field before making a job choice. A good choice will most probably lead to a better life. According to the passage, a good job choice probably makes people _
|
[
"solve fewer problems",
"choose a good life",
"be good family members",
"provide hard things"
] | 1
|
choose a good life
|
mmlu
| |
Elek test is used for detecting toxins of the following infection:
|
[
"Influenza",
"Diphtheria",
"Brucellosis",
"Cholera"
] | 1
|
Diphtheria
|
medmcqa
|
Elek gel precipitation test is used for detection of Diphtheria toxin. A presumptive C diphtheriae isolate should be subjected to testing for toxigenicity. Such tests are performed only in reference public health laboratories. There are several methods, as follows: The modified Elek method described by the World Health Organization Diphtheria Reference Unit Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays Immunochromographic strip assay Ref: Brooks G.F. (2013). Chapter 12. Aerobic Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Corynebacterium, Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Actinomycetes, and Related Pathogens. In G.F. Brooks (Ed), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e.
|
What is the inheritance pattern of Alport syndrome
|
[
"Autosomal dominant",
"Autosomal recessive",
"X linked dominant",
"X linked recessive"
] | 2
|
X linked dominant
|
medmcqa
|
All of the above inheritance pattern is seen, but if we have to choose one, it is X linked dominant pattern. Because it is the most common inheritance pattern.
|
Treatment of Malignant tracheo-oesophageal fistula is
|
[
"Oesophagotomy",
"Expanding metal stent",
"External beam radiation",
"Chemoradiotherapy"
] | 1
|
Expanding metal stent
|
medmcqa
|
Malignant tracheo-oesophageal fistula is a sign of incurable disease. An expanding metal stent is probably the best treatment. (palliation)Ref: Bailey and Love 27e pg: 1095
|
Most specific Antibodies for SLE are:
|
[
"Anti-Ro",
"Anti-Jo",
"Anti-Sm",
"Anti-ds DNA"
] | 2
|
Anti-Sm
|
medmcqa
|
Answer is C (Anti Sm-Antibodies): Anti Smith Antibodies (Anti Sm) is found in 25 to 30% of SLE patients and is the most specific diagnostic test for SLE. - Interpretation of diagnostic tests 8th/1034 Anti Ds DNA is almost as specific as anti Sm antibodies but only when present in high titres. Most sensitive stest for SLE Anti nuclear antibodies Most specific test for SLE Anti Sm Antibody and Anti Ds DNA (Anti Sm Antibody > Anti Ds DNA) Anti Sm antibodies have high specificity for SLE but low sensitivity being found in < 30% of patients with SLE Anti Ds DNA is more sensitive than Anti Sm Antibodies being found in upto 70% of patients with SLE but it is almost equally specific than Anti Sm Antibodies when present in high titres. Low titres of Anti Ds DNA are less specific for SLE than low titres of Anti Sm Antibodies. Antibody Prevalence % Clinical Utility Anti-dsDNA 70 High titres are SLE specific In some patients correlate with disease activity, nephritis, vasculitis Anti-Sm 25 Specific for SLE No definite clinical correlations
|
Centchroman is :
|
[
"New drug for fibroids",
"New drug for endometriosis",
"Injectable contraception",
"Nonsteroidal oral contraception"
] | 3
|
Nonsteroidal oral contraception
|
medmcqa
|
Centchroman/ Ormeloxifene Nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist : SERM (Selective estrogen receptor modulator) Developed at CDRI, Lucknow. Tablets of 30 mg to be taken twice a week for 3 months and then once a week for contraception. Has a weak Estrogenic and potent antiestrogenic effect--acting mostly on the endometrial target organs to suppress proliferation of the endometrium, thereby interfering with nidation of the embryo; Causes asynchrony between the Ovulation and the endometrial development Other uses: Breast cancer, benign breast diseases, abnormal uterine bleeding
|
Someone is frightened by the response. Someone
|
[
"hesitates, then obediently leads someone out of the library, down a long hallway and across the foyer.",
"gets on his feet and makes his way out into the tank.",
"turns angrily as he eagerly makes his way towards someone, who stands up and raises his gun.",
"is only making sure he is really serious."
] | 0
|
hesitates, then obediently leads someone out of the library, down a long hallway and across the foyer.
|
swag
|
Someone is frightened by the response.
|
There are two women dressed in Yoga pants and tanks tops demonstrating some Pilates moves and techniques in a bright room with a large window overlooking an ocean. The instructor
|
[
"is talking as her model demonstrates the techniques on a tabletop.",
"is ready to jump hoops.",
"starts the video, showing rights in and large co - loosen screen with video to paint models.",
"is shown in the glasses, where the men are scuba diving in the water."
] | 0
|
is talking as her model demonstrates the techniques on a tabletop.
|
swag
|
There are two women dressed in Yoga pants and tanks tops demonstrating some Pilates moves and techniques in a bright room with a large window overlooking an ocean.
|
Acantholysis, resulting from desmosome weakening by autoantibodies directed against the protein desmoglein, is the disease mechanism attributed to which of the following?
|
[
"Epidermolysis bullosa",
"Mucous membrane pemphigoid",
"Pemphigus vulgaris",
"Herpes simplex infections"
] | 2
|
Pemphigus vulgaris
|
medmcqa
|
In pemphigus vulgaris, autoantibodies attach to antigens (desmoglein) found in desmosomes that keep keratinocytes linked to each other. Cells eventually separate from each other (acantholysis), resulting in short-lived intraepithelial vesicles/bullae.
|
Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the article?
|
[
"She is the first woman to achieve the highest rank in Judo.",
"It took her 30 years to get a tenth-degree black belt.",
"Her teacher wanted her to help spread Judo to other parts of the world.",
"Only one woman and fifteen men have ever earned the tenth-degree black belt in the history."
] | 1
|
It took her 30 years to get a tenth-degree black belt.
|
race
|
Is getting a black belt on your life's to-do list? Then this elderly woman in San Francisco just might be your hero.
Just two years before her 100th birthday, Sensei Keiko Fukuda has become the first woman to achieve a tenth-degree black belt --- the highest rank in Judo. Fukuda is now one of only four living people who have earned the tenth-degree black belt. Throughout history, only 16 people have ever achieved this honor.
Fukuda began practicing Judo in 1935 and is the only surviving student of its founder, Kano Jiguro.
At her teacher's requirement, she learned English to help spread Judo internationally.
During a time when getting married, building a family and becoming a housewife were the norms,Fukuda broke from tradition, continuing Judo instead of getting married.
"All I did was Judo... This was my marriage," Fukuda replied tearfully to the San Francisco Chronicle. "This is when my destiny was set. I just imagined how long the road would be."
She described the Jiguro's school as "old-fashioned and sexist about belts and ranks". In fact, an edict that prevented women from achieving any higher than a fifth-degree black belt kept Fukuda at that level for 30 years. She finally got the sixth degree in 1972 when a women's division was created.
Fukuda thinks Judo and her life to be "gentle, kind and beautiful, yet firm and strong, both mentally and physically". Fukuda says this kind of beauty is not external. She explained. "I believe this inner beauty is true beauty... All my life this has been my dream."
Her dream was turned into reality, and the 98-year-old Sensei Keiko Fukuda continues to teach Judo three times a week at a women's Judo training center.
|
One day, a woman traveled alone in the mountains.When she was walking, she found a precious stone.She was very happy and put the stone into her bag. The next day, the woman met another traveler.The traveler was hungry and the woman opened her bag to s hare her food with him.The hungry traveler saw the precious stone and said, "How beautiful the stone is! Can I have a look?" The woman gave it to the traveler.The traveler looked and looked, and then he asked the woman whether she would like to give it to him.She gave the stone to him without hesitation. The traveler left.He was very happy because he knew he could get lots of money by selling the stone and he could live a rich life.But a few days later he came back to return the stone to the woman. "I know how precious the stone is," the traveler said. "But I gave it back.I hope that you can give me something even more precious." "Even more precious? What is that?" the woman asked. "Your beautiful mind is more precious than the stone," the man said. Which sentence is true according to the passage?
|
[
"The traveler didn't like the stone at last.",
"The traveler became very rich at last.",
"The woman was happy when she found the stone.",
"The woman didn't want to give the stone to the traveler."
] | 2
|
The woman was happy when she found the stone.
|
mmlu
| |
He looks around then opens a door for some air. He
|
[
"passes her, ventures inside, and spots something coming outside.",
"produces a note in hearing language.",
"takes it out and proceeds into the empty room.",
"stops and regards a guest for an instant of time."
] | 0
|
passes her, ventures inside, and spots something coming outside.
|
swag
|
He looks around then opens a door for some air.
|
In a patient only anti HBsAg is positive in serum, all other markers are negative. This indicates -
|
[
"Acute hepatitis",
"Chronic active hepatitis",
"Persistent carrier",
"Hepatitis B vaccination"
] | 3
|
Hepatitis B vaccination
|
medmcqa
| |
Why does Bella feel so distressed in the class?
|
[
"Bella feels she is not pretty enough.",
"Bella feels she is dumb.",
"Bella feels she is lacking basic knowledge.",
"None of the above choices."
] | 0
|
Bella feels she is not pretty enough.
|
cosmos_qa
|
She glanced around to find two blonde, perfectly tan girls giggling and eyeing the instructor. Bella sighed. How could someone like her- s clumsy, ordinary girl- compete with the two barbies right in front of her? As if to emphasize how much hotter they were, one of the girls pulled a thin elastic out of her hair and shook her hair around, letting it cascade down her back.
|
By writing the article, the writer tries to _.
|
[
"explain some Internet jargons",
"suggest common Internet jargons",
"laugh at the Beijing father",
"draw our attention to Internet jargons"
] | 3
|
draw our attention to Internet jargons
|
race
|
Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum asking what "PK" meant.
"My family has been watching the 'I Am the Singer' singing competition TV programme. My little daughter asked me what 'PK' meant, but I had no idea," explained the puzzled father.
To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, "PK" is short for "Player Kill", in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.
In the case of the "I Am the Singer" singing competition, "PK" was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition raking.
Like this father, Chinese teachers at Middle schools have also been finding their students using _ which are difficult to understand. A teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write the compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn't understand.
"My 'GG' came back this summer from college. He told me I've grown up to be a 'PLMM'. I loved to 'FB' with him together; he always took me to the 'KPM'," went one composition.
"GG" means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother). "PLMM" is Piao Liang Mei Mei (beautiful girl)."FB" means Fu Bai (corruption)."KPM" is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonald's.
Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language. If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, meaning an ugly looking femal) or a Qing Wa (frog, meaning an ugly looking male ) is, you will possibly be regarded as a CaiNiao!
|
Doctors, psychologists, economists and other experts have recently got together to find out what makes us happy and have come to surprising results. One of the main topics is how to measure happiness. Although some experts say that there are many ways to measure happiness, like recording a person's feelings, satisfaction in life or being healthy, others say that you can't really measure happiness, but you can see it. Money is really important in most people's lives. Once people have enough money to support their living, they pay more attention to other meaningful things. In many cases, friends and a close family are more important. Some people also need meaningful and creative work to find happiness. Studies find that there is a connection between happiness and health. Most of the time, people who are happier have better health. They work better and they are not as stressed as others. Besides, happier people may be able to live longer and enjoy their happiness. Studies also show that those who laugh a lot and those who are in good moods are also happier. Is there a way of achieving happiness? Some experts say that if people express their thanks, they can become happier. Joining pleasant conversations can also bring more satisfaction and happiness. Not surprisingly, people feel that a good relationship is important in being happy. Happiness is also _. The results show that if you happen to have a member of your family or a friend near you who is happy, you'll happy, too. What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Happiness influences our health.",
"Money makes us live longer.",
"How to find good jobs.",
"How to work better."
] | 0
|
Happiness influences our health.
|
mmlu
| |
A 25 year old female presents with pyrexia for ten days, develops acute pain in periumbilical region spreading all over the abdomen. What would be the most likely cause?
|
[
"Perforation peritonitis due to a intestinal tuberculosis",
"Generalized peritonitis due to appendicular perforation",
"Typhoid enteric perforation and peritonitis",
"Acute salpingo-oophoritis with peitonitis"
] | 2
|
Typhoid enteric perforation and peritonitis
|
medmcqa
|
Enteric Fever Or Typhoid: Enteric fever is a potentially life-threatening systemic disease characterized by fever and abdominal pain. It is caused by Salmonella typhi or paratyphi Typhoid is the MC causeof ileal perforation in tropical countries (India) Pathology Ulceration and necrosis of ileocecal peyer&;s patches The ulcer is parallel to the long axis of the gut and is usually situated in the lower ileum (longitudinal ulcers) Perforation of a typhoid ulcer usually occurs during the third week and is occasionally the first sign of the disease Clinical Features: Fever and abdominal pain are hallmark symptoms Non-specific symptoms: Headache, cough, sweating, myalgia, ahralgia, fatigue Paralytic ileus is the MC complication of typhoid Intestinal hemorrhage(2nd MC) may be the leading symptom Complications of Enteric Fever Paralytic ileus (MC) Intestinal hemorrhage (2nd MC) Perforation Cholecystitis Phlebitis Genitourinary inflammation Ahritis Osteomyelitis Characteristics Signs: Rose spots, splenomegaly, leucopenia with shift to left Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin is responsible for leucopenia and splenomegaly Relative bradycardia despite of high fever REf: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno: 1266
|
The sound heard when a piano key is hit is caused by
|
[
"vibration.",
"refraction.",
"momentum.",
"acceleration."
] | 0
|
vibration.
|
arc_easy
| |
Which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"Red, green and blue are used in television sets.",
"If scientists want to get white, they will mix red, yellow and blue.",
"Most artists think red, yellow and blue are the pure colours.",
"In the print industry, if you mix all the colours, you will get gray."
] | 1
|
If scientists want to get white, they will mix red, yellow and blue.
|
race
|
The colour systems used by scientists and artists are completely different. An artist will mix blue and yellow paint to get a shade of green; a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow. The printed page in a magazine is yet another system.
Scientists recognize the light primaries are red, green and blue. When mixed, red and green light rays produce yellow, blue and green produce cyan, red and blue produce magenta. Red, green and blue mix to create white (light). This colour model is used in computer monitors, television sets and theatre.
Most artists recognize red, yellow and blue as the three basic primary colours. These primaries are the pure colours which cannot be created by mixing any other colours.
In the print industry, cyan, magenta, yellow and black are used as the primary colours. When you mix all the colours, the result is gray.
|
Recently a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4 Real. Even though New Zealand has quite generous rules about naming children, names beginning with a number are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman instead. In many countries around the world, unusual names for children are becoming more popular, especially since the increasing trend for celebrities to give their children _. In Britain, you can call a child almost anything you like--the only restrictions on parents relates to offensive words such as swear (,) words. Some parents choose names which come from popular culture. For example, there have been six boys named Gandalf after the character in the Lord of the Rings novels and films. Equally, names related to sport are fairly common--since 1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal after the football team. Other parents like to make up manes, or combine names to make their own unique version, a method demonstrated by Jordan, the British model, who recently invented the name Tiaamii for her daughter by combining the names Thea and Amy (the two grandmothers). She was quoted as saying that the accent and double letters were added to make the name "more exotic". Other countries have much stricter rulers when it comes to naming children. Countries including Japan, Denmark, Spain, Germany and Argentina have an approved list of names from which parents must choose. In China, there are some rules about what you may call a child --- no foreign letters or symbols are allowed. As a result a couple were recently banned from calling their baby @. In Britain, some names which were previously thought of as old-fashioned have become more popular again, such as Maisie or Ella for a girl, or Alfie or Noah for a baby. But the most popular names are not the odd ones. The top names are fairly traditional -- Jack, Charlie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls. What can be concluded from the passage?
|
[
"parents have no right to name their children in Spain.",
"Tiaamii will soon be a popular name among the British.",
"No parents speak bad language to their child in Britain.",
"Popular culture has an influence in naming children."
] | 3
|
Popular culture has an influence in naming children.
|
mmlu
| |
Cause of Farmer's lung-
|
[
"Cotton dust",
"Grain dust",
"Sugarcane dust",
"Iron"
] | 1
|
Grain dust
|
medmcqa
|
- farmers lungs is due to the inhalation of mouldy or hay grain dust. - micropolyspora faeni is the main cause of farmer's lung. - repeated attacks cause pulmonary fibrosis, inevitable pulmonary damage and cor pulmonale. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:807 <\p>
|
Cleaning shoes
|
[
"is in a green room cleaning blue tiles on a tile.",
"is putting on a shiny surface and turn to a mirror and does he walk with paperclips mainly.",
"pour a liquid on water and cleans the shoe with a brush and with a wipe polish it.",
"is showing how to wash white sneakers with a sniffing nose and holding a black paws."
] | 2
|
pour a liquid on water and cleans the shoe with a brush and with a wipe polish it.
|
hellaswag
|
Man is sitting in font of a table talking about how to clean a white sneaker. man man
|
The following teratogenic effect is seen with which of the following?
|
[
"Alcohol",
"Methanol",
"Ethylene glycol",
"Smoking"
] | 0
|
Alcohol
|
medmcqa
|
The picture shows thin upper lip, smooth philtrum and sho palpebral fissure - these 3 features are typical of fetal alcohol syndromeRef:CMDT 2010 pg 979
|
What happens after the call
|
[
"OP makes up with his wife",
"OP continues the affair",
"OP dies",
"OP wakes up."
] | 3
|
OP wakes up.
|
cosmos_qa
|
Another fascinating dream last night. I was a king, with an assistant who I almost got into an affar with. I suspect I probably did, considering I bought her jewlry and she took endless pictures of us, because she was trying to make it obvious we were having an affair and blackmail me. My wife found out, and I was talking to her on the phone, arguing. I told her that I had taken the person most important to me, and abused and disrespected her, and that I was a fool for it, but that I love her.
|
The passage might be taken out of a book dealing with _
|
[
"physics",
"health",
"chemistry",
"body movement"
] | 3
|
body movement
|
race
|
Perhaps the most astonishing theory to come out of kinetics,the study of body movement,was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell.He believes that physical appearance Is often culturally programmed.In other words,we learn our looks;we are not born with them.
A baby generally unformed facial features.A baby,according to Birdwhistell,learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around family and friends.This helps explain why the people of some regions of the United States look so much lilke.New Englanders or Southerners have certain common facial characteristics that cannot be explained by genetics.The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth,it is learned later.In fact,the final mouth shape is not formed until well after permanent teeth are set.For many,this can be well into adolescence.A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhat alike.We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas.In the United States,for example,the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently.In New England they smile less,and in the western part of New York State still less.Many Southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly,partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peach Tree Street jn Atlanta,Georgia.People in densely populated urban areas also tend to smile and greet each other in public less than people in rural areas and small towns.
|
Preferred biochemical markers in patients presenting with myocardial infarction September 2008
|
[
"Myoglobin",
"Cardiac specific Troponins",
"CK-MB",
"All of the above"
] | 1
|
Cardiac specific Troponins
|
medmcqa
|
As. B: Cardiac specific Troponins Creatine kinase (CK) muscle and brain (CK-MB) mass and myoglobin measurements were the standard up to the mid-1990s, when assays for the cardiac-specific isoforms of troponin I and troponin T became available. They are now the preferred biochemical markers. They may rise to levels more than 20 times higher than the upper reference limit. Their levels may remain elevated for 7-10 days after STEMI
|
All the following muscles are attached to Perineal body except
|
[
"Bulbospongiosus",
"Ischiocavernosus",
"Superficial Transverse Perinei",
"Levator ani"
] | 1
|
Ischiocavernosus
|
medmcqa
|
Ten muscles of the perineum converge and interlace in the perineal body.Two unpairedExternal anal sphincterFibers of longitudinal muscle coat of anal canalPairedBulbospongiosusSuperficial and deep transversus pereneiLevator aniReference: Chaurasia Volume II; 7th edition; Page no: 383
|
What is the likely occupation of the OP?
|
[
"None of the above choices.",
"Super market",
"Fruit stand",
"Hardware Store"
] | 1
|
Super market
|
cosmos_qa
|
Fortunately I found the note and deleted the hours. Other than that it was a typical night shift, though I'm getting tired of more work from the day crew getting pushed off on me. Now I come in and find the milk shipment is more - and - more being left undone. This is bad for customer relations because some folks will come in, see the milk rack in the chiller nearly - empty, and turn around and walk out. If they ca n't get milk, they wo n't shop for other things either!
|
I entered a university after years of hard study. I thought my life would be full of happiness and knowledge. But my life in the university is not as what I had expected. Then I became lazy and silent, even puzzled. I don't know what my future would be like. Four years in the university is only a short period. And a half of it has passed already. This year, many people, such as my parents and my friends, asked me what I wanted to do and they all told me to make a plan for my life with their thought. I don't want to take their advice. I want my own style. So I think carefully. I have been a young volunteer for five years. It has been a happy time and it is a big thing for me. Then I have a dream to join the University Student Volunteer Go West Program. I think I can be a teacher in the west. I would like to devote my life to helping the children there. I want to make the world a better place for them. To make it come true, I will work harder in the next two years. There is an old saying "Where there is a will, there is a way". I think my dream will come true in the near future. At last, I want to say to everybody, "Try your best to realize your dreams, no matter how big or small they are. The path to dream may not be smooth and wide. Even there are some difficulties you will face. But hold on to the end, you can find there is no greater happiness than making our dream come true." What is the writer?
|
[
"A teacher.",
"A doctor.",
"A college student.",
"A reporter."
] | 2
|
A college student.
|
mmlu
| |
Someone drops to her knees and pulls someone down with her. A police officer
|
[
"helps a man lead someone.",
"escorts someone to her grandmother's trailer.",
"stands up, reviews his mail from her clipboard and hands it to her.",
"comes out and kisses her."
] | 1
|
escorts someone to her grandmother's trailer.
|
swag
|
Someone drops to her knees and pulls someone down with her.
|
Blue white color in UV rays is seen in: AIIMS 12
|
[
"Semen",
"Blood",
"Pus",
"Leukorrhoea"
] | 0
|
Semen
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. Semen
|
Finally, I entered the institution. Because of my careful savings, I did not have to work during the school year. Then, summer came and it was time to work harder than ever. I continued working as a waitress at night, instructed tennis camps several mornings a week and worked as a secretary for a few hours in the afternoons. It was an exhausting summer and made me anxious to return to my ly easy life at college. During my second and third years of undergraduate schooling, I decided to work about five hours per week in the campus admissions office answering phones. This provided a little spending money and kept me from emptying my savings. The overall situation looked hopeful as I approached my senior year as long as I could make as much money as I had the previous summer. I wanted to go to Israel to study for 3 weeks, but I hesitated in making this decision because it would cost me $1,600 more to get the credits in Israel. About two weeks later my Mom called to tell me that I had $1,600 in the bank that I had forgotten about. One of my concerns about this trip was not only the cost, but the loss of time to make money: however, I made as much that summer in the ten weeks when I was at home as I had made during the fourteen weeks when I was at home the summer before. The way everything worked together to make this trip practical was one of the most exciting things that have ever happened to me. This experience has shaped me in many important ways. The first things that I learned was the importance of a strong work ethic. Working long hours did a lot to mold my character and helped me learn the value of a dollar. It also made me learn how to find creative solutions to difficult dilemmas. Whenever I am frustrated or afraid of the future, I can remember my $64,268 miracle. According to the passage, we can infer the writer _.
|
[
"made $ 650 by taking a class in community college",
"spent a relaxing summer holiday in the first year",
"did a lot of work every year in the institution",
"succeeded in going to Israel to study"
] | 3
|
succeeded in going to Israel to study
|
mmlu
| |
Exposure to what is the most common cause of hearing loss?
|
[
"loud sounds",
"Guitar",
"angry sounds",
"outside sounds"
] | 0
|
loud sounds
|
sciq
|
The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud sounds. Loud sounds damage hair cells in the ear that are needed for hearing. Louder sounds damage hair cells more quickly than softer sounds.
|
Edward Wilson The Future of Life,. Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world's, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources. How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth. Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today's Walden Pond with that of Thoreau's day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Van the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future? Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book. How many species are most important to our present food supply?
|
[
"Twenty.",
"Eighty.",
"One hundred",
"Ten thousand."
] | 0
|
Twenty.
|
mmlu
| |
The fumes from coal and oil may cause metal _.
|
[
"to corrode",
"to twist",
"to turn black",
"to become rusty"
] | 0
|
to corrode
|
race
|
People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes from cars. Statistics show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities. Another major source of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.
On the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before. The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes from iron, steel, chemical, and petroleum production add particles to the air.
The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy for traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode. In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the live of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.
|
Muscle affected in congenital torticollis is:
|
[
"Trapezius",
"Rhomboideus Major",
"Rhomboideus Minor",
"Sternocleidomastoid"
] | 3
|
Sternocleidomastoid
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. D. SternocleidomastoidCongenital Torticollisa. Torticollis: Non-specific term used to describe tilting of the head and neckb. Congenital muscular torticollis is caused by contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle which cause head to tilt toward the affected side, with chin rotating towards opposite sidec. Congenital or infantile torticollis primarily affects females aged 6 months to 3 yearsd. Underlying cause: Unilateral contraction of the SCM muscle caused by ischemic changes in the muscle-
|
When was paper made in southern Europe?
|
[
"Before 1100",
"After 1400",
"After 1100",
"Before 1400"
] | 2
|
After 1100
|
race
|
Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed. Paper provided an important way to communicate with knowledge.
Paper was first made in China about 2,000 years ago. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. Paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. After that, the forest countries of Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the United States became the most important in paper-making. Today Finland makes the best paper in the world.
When we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books, letters, envelopes, and writing paper. So paper plays an important role in our lives.
Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often
with paper. You have perhaps seen homeless men sleep on a large number of newspapers. They are insulating themselves from the cold. In Finland, in winter it is sometimes 40 degrees below zero. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.
|
Sickle cell trait can cause following except
|
[
"Anaemia",
"Leg ulcers",
"Normal osmotic fragility",
"None"
] | 1
|
Leg ulcers
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. B. (Leg ulcers) (Ref. H-17th/637; Table 99-2; 18th Table 104-2)ConditionClinical AbnormalitiesHemoglobin Level g/L (g/dL)MCV, fLHemoglobin ElectrophoresisSickle cell traitNone; rare painless hematuriaNormalNormalHb S/A:40/60Sickle cell anemiaVasoocclusive crises with infarction of spleen, brain, marrow, kidney, lung; aseptic necrosis of bone; gallstones; priapism; ankle ulcers70-100 (7-10)80-100Hb S/A: 100/3Hb F:2-25%S/Bdeg thalassemiaVasoocclusive crises; aseptic necrosis of bone70-100 (7-10)60-80Hb S/A:100A)Hb F:l-10%S/B+ thalassemiaRare crises and aseptic necrosis100-140 (10-14)70-80Hb S/A:60/40Hemoglobin SCRare crises and aseptic necrosis; painless hematuria100-140(10-14)80-100Hb S/A:50/3Hb C:50%
|
Pole vault
|
[
"man still talks.",
"scrolls on the right and seventeen three scroll.",
"presses \" play \" and we see four people in the backyard playing volley ball.",
"scrolls across the screen."
] | 3
|
scrolls across the screen.
|
hellaswag
|
We see fifteen nine scroll across the screen. We see a series of still of the man and sixteen six. seventeen two seventeen two
|
According to this passage, who have the legal control over the decisions of the business?
|
[
"Stockholders",
"Bondholders",
"The government",
"The workers in the company"
] | 0
|
Stockholders
|
race
|
Companies can increase the money with which they run their business in a number of ways. One way is borrowing money, and another way is buying things with the agreement that payment would be made later. There are also other processes for providing money for use by a company. Two of these processes are described here.
One process the company may use is to issue bonds. Bonds are a special kind of promissory note. They are issued in different values, in the forms of money used in different countries, such as the pound in prefix = st1 /Englandor the euro in Europe. These bonds can easily be sold again to other people or to other companies. The company that issues the bonds promises to pay a particular amount of money as interest regularly for a certain period of time. This continues until when the company has to pay back the principal of the bond. Payments of principal and interest must be made on time whether the company has been earning money or not. If these payments are not made on time, it means that the company has not done what it agreed to do and can be sued(,).
Another process companies may use is to issue other forms of promissory notes called stocks. Bonds and stocks are opposite methods of providing money for a company. The people who buy stocks provide money that is earned and take part in deciding how the company will conduct its business. They must also take part in the losses. The people who own stocks receive dividends only after the company has paid all of its debts to the people who own bonds. On the other hand, the persons who own bonds have no right, according to the law, to help decide how the company will handle its business, unless it is bankrupt or in danger of becoming so.
|
What is Cheyanne Smith and Franscisco Curiel's attitude toward American Dream?
|
[
"Hopeful.",
"Disappointed.",
"Optimistic.",
"Neutral."
] | 1
|
Disappointed.
|
race
|
What Is Today's American Dream
They may not have called it the American Dream, but for centuries people have gone to America in search of freer, happier, and richer lives. But is today's American Dream a mythical concept or still a reality?
Isabel Belarsky's tiny Brooklyn apartment fills with the sound of her father's voice. Sidor Belarsky sings an Aria in Russian and 90-year-old Isabel, her lips painted an elegant red, sways gently to the song coming from her stereo.
Isabel speaks with pride about her father's talent and his success as an opera singer: Albert Einstein was such a fan she says that he invited Sidor to accompany him on his speaking engagements and would ask him to sing to the audience.
How the Belarskys came to be in America is an extraordinary tale that Isabel loves to tell. It was the offer of a six-month job by a Mormon college president, who had seen Sidor singing in Leningrad, that enabled the Belarskys to escape from Stalin's Russia in 1930. "Our dream was being in America," Isabel says. "They loved it. My mother could never think of Russia, it was her enemy and my father, he made such a wonderful career here."
Like generations of immigrants before them, the Belarskys came to America in search of freedom--to them the American Dream meant liberty. But Isabel says it promised even more. "The dream is to work, to have a home and to get ahead. You can start as a janitor and become the owner of the building."
The American Dream is not written into the constitution but it is so ingrained in the national psyche that it might as well be. Many point to the second sentence in the Declaration of Independence--the "certain unalienable rights" that include "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" as the "official" version of the phrase. But it was actually in 1931 that the term was popularized, when historian James Truslow Adams wrote in The Epic of America that the Dream means "a better, richer, and happier life for all our citizens of every rank".
The concept of the American Dream has not stayed static. For European immigrants, like Isabel, fleeing persecution in the first half of the last century, the Dream was about a life without persecution.
But somewhere in the middle of the last century the dream changed. As America's post war economy boomed, the new arrivals wanted more than freedom--they wanted a share of the prosperity as well.
In the 1950s, TV commercials featured housewives proudly showing off kitchens filled with gleaming appliances. The quest for liberation became a quest for Coca Cola. As the century wore on, the materialistic slant of the dream overtook the political side. Dallas and Dynasty suggested this was a country where it was possible to become not just rich, but filthily rich.
Cheyanne Smith was shocked at the deprivation that greeted her in America. She arrived in New York from the Caribbean seven years ago. Having watched endless American TV shows as a child, she thought she knew what to expect when her family moved to Brooklyn. Instead, the deprivation of one of New York's poorest neighbourhoods shocked her.
"I thought this is not America because this is not what I see on television," she says. Like Cheyanne, 18-year-old Franscisco Curiel is also ambitious. He came from Mexico City three years ago to go to college here but he's worried that Brooklyn's schools aren't going to give him a good enough education. "The system is broken; we can't get the superior education that they supposedly want to give us," he says.
Through the centuries America's immigrants have endured terrible hardship and sacrifice so that they and their children can get ahead. Perhaps it's not surprising to hear the members of the Bushwick youth group lament the multiple, low paid jobs that their parents must do simply to get the rent paid and put food on the table. What is startling is that these bright, ambitious youngsters just don't believe that talent and hard work are enough to ensure they will ever have a shot at that mythical American Dream.
|
Holidays and Traditions
|
[
"[title] Turn the second pot upside down and attach the bottom portion to the bottom portion of the first pot. [step] This creates the bottom portion of the bunny.",
"[title] Glue the big and small parallel to one side of the other pot. [step] They may look a bit like googly eyes depending on the size of the pot.",
"Tie a knot around the bottom of the pot to hold the connecting parts in place. [title] Put that pot on top of the first pot just inside the left frame.",
"[title] Take the third pot and apply glue to the small bottom portion. [step] Place on top of the 2 attached terracotta pots."
] | 3
|
[title] Take the third pot and apply glue to the small bottom portion. [step] Place on top of the 2 attached terracotta pots.
|
hellaswag
|
[header] How to make a terracotta pot easter bunny [title] Start by putting glue around the large rim of one terracotta pot. [title] Take the second pot and immediately attach the large rim to the previous one (the second pot is basically upside down on top of the first). [step] This creates the bottom portion of the bunny.
|
Spot diagnosis for foot deformity?
|
[
"CTEV",
"Congenital vertical talus",
"Rocker bottom foot",
"Pes Cavus"
] | 2
|
Rocker bottom foot
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. (c) Rocker bottom footThe image shows convexity at the sole of the foot sole. In CTEV the bilateral feet and toes point inwards facing each other.
|
Someone shakes someone's hand and turns to the others. Someone
|
[
"steps into the crowd.",
"takes someone's hand.",
"raises his glass of beer.",
"nods expressionlessly and shakes his head."
] | 2
|
raises his glass of beer.
|
swag
|
Someone shakes someone's hand and turns to the others.
|
The antibiotic causing pseudomembrane colitis is-Clindamycin
|
[
"Clindamycin",
"Garamycin",
"Erythromycin",
"Vancomycin"
] | 2
|
Erythromycin
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clindamycin o Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is caused most commonly by 2nd generation cephalosporins, clindamycin ampicillin, and fluoroquinolones.
|
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with increased urobilinogen is seen in:
|
[
"Hemolytic anemia",
"Liver cirrhosis",
"Bile duct obstruction",
"Sclerosing cholangitis"
] | 0
|
Hemolytic anemia
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. (a) Hemolytic anemia(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 631 -632)Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with increased urobilinogen is seen in Hemolytic anemia
|
Differentiating features of contusion (Vs postmortem staining) are -a) Bluish in colorb) Disappear with pressure on areac) Margin irregulard) Limited to intravascular compartmente) Extravasation of blood occurs
|
[
"abc",
"be",
"ce",
"bcd"
] | 2
|
ce
|
medmcqa
|
The colour of bruise changes as per stage of healing seen (whereas postmortem lividity as bluish-pink to bluish purple).
There is no effect of pressure on a bruise
Margins of a bruise are irregular and diffuse into surrounding (margins of postmortem lividity are clear-cut).
In bruise, blood is into the extravascular compartment (it is in an intravascular compartment in postmortem lividity).
Extravasation of blood occurs in a bruise.
|
Why does the author mention Superstorm Sandy?
|
[
"To tell the background of the scanning photos.",
"To attract the readers' interest in the backups.",
"describe a severe natural disaster.",
"To win the readers' sympathy."
] | 1
|
To attract the readers' interest in the backups.
|
race
|
Back those photos up
The images were striking. Homes on the East Coast were washed away by Superstorm Sandy. People were in tears, picking up faded photographs, among their only remaining possessions.
If that doesn't move you to get serious about safekeeping your lifetime of memories, what will? The digital age offers tools never imaginable before--including one-click access to a lifetime of family photos.
Here is a brochure on how to back up your photos and save them online, where they can live forever and be accessible in good times and bad.
Scanning
The first step for those old photos is to scan them and save them to a digital format. Most printers come with scanners these days, so that's an easy but extremely time-consuming step.
Storing the photos
With your scans in place, import the photos into your computer, and back them up.
You could make multiple copies of the disks and spread them to loved ones. Or you could choose external hard drives or USB thumb drive, and add your photo and video collection from your computer.
Online backup
If you need lots of space, look at a pure online backup service, Caronite.
Caronite backs up 300 million files daily. Once you sign up, it starts to pick up everything you have on your hard drive. But photo collection on your computer's main hard drive charges for $59 a year.
Cloud Storage
For folks who don't need automatic backup, but instead want to take a more active approach, Dropbox, Google Drive and Microsoft's SkyDrive let you store files online by yourself, share and instantly access them. All offer free options--2GB of free storage for Dropbox, 5GB for Google and 7GB for SkyDrive. But if you want more, you need to pay.
Bottom Line
The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and easiest. But drives can fail. Online services are more expensive, but more secure. With more of us switching back and forth between our computers, such services are the best way to get access to our data from wherever we are.
|
How is the protein Energy Ratio (PER) in diet expressed as -
|
[
"(Energy in diet \\/ protein in diet ) x 100",
"(Protein energy in diet \\/ Total energy in diet) x 100",
"(Protein energy in diet \\/ Total energy in diet) x 100",
"(Total energy consumed \\/ Total protein consumed) x 100"
] | 1
|
(Protein energy in diet \/ Total energy in diet) x 100
|
medmcqa
|
-one way of evaluating food as the source of protein is to determine what percent of their energy value is supplied by their protein content. This is known as protein energy ratio. - PE percent= energy from protein*100/ total energy in diet. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:634 <\p>
|
Waxy leaves can be considered
|
[
"love",
"anger",
"happiness",
"clothes"
] | 3
|
clothes
|
mmlu
| |
A hard hat would be used to protect a student during which type of investigation?
|
[
"a field trip to a museum of geology",
"a field investigation of rock layers in a hillside",
"a laboratory demonstration on the hardness of minerals",
"a laboratory investigation of the identification of fossils"
] | 1
|
a field investigation of rock layers in a hillside
|
arc_challenge
| |
What do we call the theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale?
|
[
"quantum electrodynamics",
"iron electrodynamics",
"light electrodynamics",
"gravity electrodynamics"
] | 0
|
quantum electrodynamics
|
sciq
|
33.2 The Four Basic Forces • The four basic forces and their carrier particles are summarized in the Table 33.1. • Feynman diagrams are graphs of time versus position and are highly useful pictorial representations of particle processes. • The theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale is called quantum electrodynamics (QED).
|
Whipple's operation is done for
|
[
"Chronic pancreatitis",
"Acute pancreatitis",
"Pancreatic cancer",
"All the above"
] | 2
|
Pancreatic cancer
|
medmcqa
|
(C) Pancreatic cancer # WHIPPLE'S PROCEDURE is pancreatico duodenectomy* Tumours of the ampulla have a good prognosis.* Duct cell cancers which are less than 4 cm in diameter, not involving the supeior mesenteric & or portal veins and with no evidence of multiple enlarged nodes or distant spread should be considered for resection.* The appropriate resection is that of a pylorus preserving pancreate duodenotomy with local lymphadenopathy.# Indications for a Whipple Procedure:> Most common indications include: Cancer of the head of the pancreas Cancer of the duodenum Cholangiocarcinoma (cancer of the bile duct) Cancer of the ampulla - an area where the bile and pancreatic duct enter into the duodenum. Whipple operation may also sometimes be performed for patients with benign (noncancerous) disorders such as chronic pancreatitis and benign tumors of the head of the pancreas.
|
What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Economic development in tropics has increased less over the past 30 years.",
"Some organisms can experience population drop or extinction for climate changes.",
"Rapid population growth contributes to the outbreak of infectious diseases.",
"Great investment has been adopted in the research and development."
] | 1
|
Some organisms can experience population drop or extinction for climate changes.
|
race
|
By 2050, half of the world's population will live in the tropics--the ly warm belt that circles the globe--according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along with economic growth, means that the region's influence will grow in coming decades, the authors of the 500-page work predict.
The project, first launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made "extraordinary progress" in many areas. For example, more people have access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years.
However, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increased cautiously, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. "As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics." concludes the report.
The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.
In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the spread of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.
Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be concerned about in the report. "While we've made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropics that are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about."
|
China may be the world's largest market for e-bikes, but Europe is fast catching up. The EU's official statistics agency says the figure reached the one million e-bike mark two years ago, and sales have sharply increased since then. When working errands around Berlin, Lutz, who usually works with horses, uses the company's new e-bike that charges easily and has a range of 140 kilometers. "We found there was no parking spot problem or other worries. And on top of all this, we don't pollute the environment. Petrol is also saved," said Lutz Baddack, owner of Reitsport Baddack. Unlike many other parts of the world, the EU does not require registration for e-bikes. Nearly half a million are expected to be sold in Germany this year, in all shapes and sizes. It's not just bike fans buying them. People who usually drive cars also use them occasionally," said Stefan Gelbhaar. Dealers say the elderly are also big customers. Sales of ordinary bicycles fell in Germany last year, but sales of e-bikes rose by eight percent. Sales figures are expected to keep rising. "In five years we will have the market share of 20 percent, maybe more," said Marcus Kendler, owner of E-Motion. In the hillier parts, that figure has already been beyond it. The sales of e-bikes in Germany have been much larger than those in any other country in Europe. But other countries are fast catching up. In Europe, with the various brands at the market and falling prices, e-bikes are here to stay and not just a repeated trend. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of using e-bikes?
|
[
"The users needn't worry about parking spots.",
"It's environmentally friendly and saves petrol.",
"The users are not required to register worldwide.",
"It charges easily and runs far without charging."
] | 2
|
The users are not required to register worldwide.
|
mmlu
| |
A woman is standing in a room talking. She
|
[
"plays a violin in front of the camera.",
"is wearing a white t - shirt.",
"stops in front of a news room.",
"begins dancing and dancing with her baton."
] | 1
|
is wearing a white t - shirt.
|
swag
|
A woman is standing in a room talking.
|
What would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"A self made engineer",
"How to balance your checkbook",
"Don't avoid investing",
"Educate yourself to become a millionaire"
] | 3
|
Educate yourself to become a millionaire
|
race
|
When Steve Maxwell graduated from college, he had an engineering degree and a high tech job -- but he couldn't balance his checkbook. "I took one finance class in college but dropped it to go on a ski trip," says the 45-year-old father of three, who lives in Windsor, Colorado. "I actually had to go to my bank and ask them to teach me how to read my statement."
One of the biggest obstacles to making money is not understanding it: Thousands of us avoid investing because we just don't get it. But to make money, you must be financially literate. "It bothered me that I didn't understand this stuff," says Steve, "so I read books and magazines about money management and investing, and I asked every financial whiz I knew to explain things to me."
He and his wife started applying the lessons: They made a point to _. They never bought on impulse, always negotiated better deals (on their cars,cable bills, furniture) and stayed in their home long after they went for an expensive vacation. They also put 20 percent of their annual salary into investments.
Within ten years, they were millionaires, and people were coming to Steve for advice. "Someone would say, 'I need to refinance my house -- what should I do? 'A lot of times, I wouldn't know the answer, but I'd go to find it and learn something in the process," he says.
In 2003, Steve quit his job to become part owner of a company that holds personal finance seminars for employees of corporations like Wal Mart. He also started going to real estate investment seminars, and it's paid off: He now owns $ 30 million worth of investment properties, including apartment complexes, a shopping mall and a quarry.
"I was an engineer who never thought this life was possible, but all it truly takes is a little self education," says Steve. "You can do anything once you understand the basics."
|
Mr. Smith works in an office. He's very busy and has no time to have a good rest. Every evening, when he comes back from his office, he's always tired and wants to go to bed early. But his wife, Mrs Smith, often has a lot of interesting things to tell him after dinner. She doesn't stop talking before she goes to sleep. One day the man felt terrible and couldn't go to work. He decided to go to see a doctor. And Mrs. Smith went to the hospital with him. Before her husband asked the doctor what was wrong with him, the woman told the doctor all and the doctor understood why. He wrote out a prescription. And when Mrs. Smith brought the medicine to the doctor, the doctor said to her, " The bottle of medicine is for your husband and the sleeping pills are for you. " " For me? " the woman said in surprise " I'm fine. I don't need any medicine! " " I don't think so, madam ", said the doctor. " They are sleeping pills. Your husband will soon be all right if you take them. " In fact, Mr. Smith will soon be all right if _.
|
[
"Mrs. Smith takes the bottle of medicine",
"Mr. Smith takes the sleeping pills",
"Mr. Smith stops working late",
"Mrs. Smith stops talking too much at night"
] | 3
|
Mrs. Smith stops talking too much at night
|
mmlu
| |
The size of Respirable dust is -
|
[
"1-5 microns",
"5-10 microns",
"15 microns",
"20 microns"
] | 0
|
1-5 microns
|
medmcqa
|
- dust paicles smaller than 5 microns are directly inhaled into the lungs and are retained there. This fraction of dust is called respirable dust. - it is mainly responsible for pneumoconiosis. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:805 <\p>
|
How many bulls were there in the story? _
|
[
"Four",
"One",
"Two",
"Five"
] | 0
|
Four
|
race
|
Once there lived a lion in the big mountain.He was very big and strong.He often ate the other animals.Every day he went out to look for food.The small animals in the mountain were all afraid of him.Near the mountain there were four bulls.They are friends, and they often worked and played together.The tiger tried many times to catch them, but he could not do so.Every time he came near, the four bulls stood together to fight him.So he could do nothing to them.
One day, the four bulls had a quarrel.After that each of them went his own way.When the lion saw this, he was happy.He caught one bull and ate him up.Then he caught another.One by one he caught all the four bulls and ate them up.
|
The Basics of Math--Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents, the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to "make sense" of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing--and completely understandable--field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as "the best math teacher in America," is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?
|
[
"Stronger imaginative ability.",
"Additional presentation skills.",
"More mathematical confidence.",
"Greater chances of becoming teachers."
] | 2
|
More mathematical confidence.
|
mmlu
| |
I'd just got in a taxi at the railway station when suddenly I found one of my suitcases missing. Just then, I saw a young fellow about 30 walking away with it, opening it and drawing out the valuables. "Stop thief! Stop thief!" I shouted and threw open the car door and rushed out to him, followed by the driver and half a dozen passers-by. Very soon the thief was cornered at the turn of the road. My driver caught the thief by the neck and put his hand into his trouser pocket, drawing out money, credit card, telephone book and so on and put them back into my suitcase. Half an hour later, the car was running at full speed on the express highway. I sat back and breathed a long sigh of relief. But as I pulled out those stolen things from the suitcase and started to check them, I became dumbfounded. Before my eyes were 200 yuan instead of 100. And a blood test report of a 58-year-old woman appeared. I suddenly realized that the taxi driver must have mistaken the thief's belongs and put his into my suitcase. The pitiful and begging look of the poor young man flashed across my mind again. My heart began to sink. Two years has passed since then. But this event keeps coming back to me. Was the young man a habitual robber or a dutiful son who had been driven to desperation to find money to save his mother's life? My heart aches for him. How I wish I had gone back that summer afternoon to return the 200 yuan and say sorry to him. For the first time in my life, I realized that hate and love are very close. The major purpose for the writer to write this passage is _.
|
[
"to describe what hate and love are like",
"to entertain the readers with an interesting story",
"to impress the readers with an interesting story",
"to encourage the readers to help him find the thief"
] | 2
|
to impress the readers with an interesting story
|
mmlu
| |
What's the author's attitude toward "wearing particular color1s of clothes can change our feelings"?
|
[
"Believe.",
"Doubt.",
"Opposite.",
"Enjoy."
] | 0
|
Believe.
|
race
|
Our clothes are a powerful tool that can make us feel better about ourselves. One way in which this works is by wearing different color1s of clothes.
Normally when we are sad, we will wear dark color1ed clothes. Oppositely, when we are happy, we often choose to wear brightly color1ed clothes. The reason for this is that our choice of color1 mirrors is how we are feeling.
Those who don't believe in the idea are often heard saying, "if only this truly worked". Well in reply to those people, there has been a lot of research into what happens to someone's feelings when they are asked to wear just one color1 of clothes. It has been proven that if we wear particular color1s of clothes they can change our feelings.
Suppose we are feeling sad, if we wear black we may begin to feel worse. However, if we wear green, red or yellow, we may begin to feel better.
Each color1 is said to have its own healing power. So remember, if you are not feeling your best, you can always try out some different color1ed clothes. If one color1 has no effect on your feelings, maybe another will.
|
The word "perpetrators" is mean _.
|
[
"offender",
"officers",
"wounded personnel",
"Chinese"
] | 0
|
offender
|
race
|
BEIJING - No further deadly stray fire incidents should happen or the Chinese military will take "firm and decisive action" to protect the safety of its people, senior Chinese military leader Fan Changlong said on Saturday.
Fan, vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks while speaking with Min Aung Hlaing, commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Defense Services over the telephone, after a bomb dropped by a Myanmar warplane on Friday killed four Chinese in Southwest China's Yunnan province.
Fan called on Myanmar to seriously investigate the incident, and urged the Myanmar side to severely punish the perpetrators, as well as apologize to and compensate the families of the victims. He voiced hope that the Myanmar side would settle the incident well and work with China to ensure the safety and stability of the border areas.
Min Aung Hlaing said the Myanmar side understood China's feelings and assured that the Myanmar side would send personnel to jointly investigate the incident with the Chinese side. Min Aung Hlaing also promised to properly handle relevant issues and hold relevant people accountable.
He said the Myanmar military would advance friendly cooperation with the Chinese army.Myanmar's warplanes have on several occasions crossed the China-Myanmar border and stray fire has caused casualties and loss of property of the Chinese people, Fan said.
On March 8, stray fire from a fight that occurred between Myanmar's government forces and a local ethnic army had damaged a house in China. Friday's bombing hit a sugarcane field in the border city of Lincang, killing four people working there and injuring nine others.
_.
|
A patient of post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture has undergone an ERCP three days ago. Following this she has developed acute cholangitis. The most likely organism is-
|
[
"Escherichia coli",
"Bacillus fragilis",
"Streptococcus viridians",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
] | 0
|
Escherichia coli
|
medmcqa
| |
Sir John Hawkwook's Italian name "Giovanni Acuto" was one which _.
|
[
"he gave himself in order to become better known to the Italians",
"he earned through his sharp practice of selling his 'protection'",
"he needed so as to hire his soldiers to Italians",
"was given him in telling his services to the others'"
] | 1
|
he earned through his sharp practice of selling his 'protection'
|
race
|
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for "protection". If the money was not paid immediately, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Getting "protection money" is not a modern means. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Then Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a group of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to those who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money with this method. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.When he died at eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had his picture painted, which was in memory of "this bravest man".
|
Health
|
[
"This method will work for both types of people. [substeps] You can also try unsupported wall-sits if you're under complicated circumstances such as theft or hoarding.",
"If you need a few places to relax, look for the following : [substeps] A desk, book, or other place to sit. A table with either a comfortable seat or a chair that can act as a footrest.",
"Either way, you want to pull your knees up towards your chest. [substeps] To avoid twisting or chafing your sensitive skin, make sure to go wherever you feel you would be most comfortable.",
"If possible recline at a 135-degree angle for the most comfort. Avoid sleeping sitting straight up or leaning forward because this may cause undue pressure on your back and neck and it may also contribute to pain in those areas."
] | 3
|
If possible recline at a 135-degree angle for the most comfort. Avoid sleeping sitting straight up or leaning forward because this may cause undue pressure on your back and neck and it may also contribute to pain in those areas.
|
hellaswag
|
[header] How to sleep without using a bed [title] Find a place to lie down or sit in a relaxed posture. [step] It can be hard to get comfortable to sleep when you don't have a bed to lie down in (at the airport, for instance). Sometimes there is simply no feasible place to lie down, so you may have to opt for a chair or sitting against a wall.
|
Axillary abscess is safely drained by whichapproach?
|
[
">Medial",
">Posterior",
">Lateral",
">Floor"
] | 3
|
>Floor
|
medmcqa
|
Floor An axillary abscess should be incised through the floor of the axilla, midway between the anterior and posterior axillary folds, and nearer to the medial wall in order to avoid injury to the main vessels running along the anterior, posterior and lateral walls.Axilla is pyramidal shaped with an apex, a floor or base and 4 walls (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral)
|
Mark felt that it was time for him, to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work. The area' s city councilwoman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was decreasing. The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls. There are charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in vacant buildings. People were supposed to suggest solutions to the councilwoman. It was too much for Mark. "The problems are too big," he thought. He turned to the man next to him and said, "I think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I could do would make a difference here." Mark thought some more on his way to the bus stop. "People should just take care of themselves, "he decided. "That' s enough to do. I can' t take on all the problems of the world." As he neared the bus stop, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag and a baby. She was trying to unlock her car, but she didn't have a free hand. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly _ into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted and the groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy's arm and led him back to his mother. Then he picked up the groceries while the woman smiled in relief. "Thanks! "she said. "You've got great timing!" "Just being neighborly," Mark said. As he rode home, he glanced at the walls of the bus. On one of them was "Small acts of kindness add up. "Mark smiled and thought, "Maybe that's a good place to start." In Mark's opinion, _.
|
[
"nobody was so able as to solve the problems",
"he was not in the position to solve such problems",
"many people were too selfish to think about others",
"he already had more than enough work to do"
] | 1
|
he was not in the position to solve such problems
|
mmlu
| |
Which one of the following is a mechanism underlying the resistance of strains of S. pneumoniae to the widely used antibiotic, ciprofloxacin?
|
[
"Reduced topoisomerase sensitivity to inhibitors",
"Increased synthesis of PABA",
"Formation of methyltransferases that change receptor structure",
"Structural changes in porins"
] | 0
|
Reduced topoisomerase sensitivity to inhibitors
|
medmcqa
|
Microbial resistance to fluoroquinolones is increasing, and some strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now resistant to ciprofloxacin. The mechanism can involve changes in the structure of topoisomerase IV, one of the "targets" of fluoroquinolones, which inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. Pneumococcal resistance to penicillins is also increasing via changes in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The other mechanisms listed underlie microbial resistance to other antibiotics as follows: sulfonamides (choice B), macrolides (choice C), extended-spectrum penicillins (choice D), and beta-lactams (choice E).
|
"Now!" whispered Suki. "Quick, while the clerk's not looking." Heart pounding, Leah slid two tubes of lipstick into her purse. She looked bored as she followed her friends Suki and Jill out of the store, but inside she felt panicked. "I can't believe you made me do that," Leah cried. ks5u "Relax," said Jill. "Everybody does it sometimes. And we didn't make you do it. " She said nothing, but Leah knew she wouldn't have done that on her own. She was just experiencing huge peer pressure. Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you're uncomfortable with, such as shoplifting, doing drugs or drinking, or taking dangerous risks when driving a car. The pressure to conform (to do what others are doing) can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is ly harmless -- or something that has more serious consequences. Giving in to the pressure to dress a certain way is one thing -- going along with the crowd to drink or smoke is another. The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else's lead first. Then others may go along, too -- so it can be easy to think, "It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they're doing. "Before you know it, many people are going along with the crowd -- perhaps on something they might not otherwise do. Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature -- but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground. People who are low on confidence and those who tend to follow rather than lead could be more likely to seek their peers' approval by giving in to a risky challenge or suggestion. People who are unsure of themselves, new to the group, or inexperienced with peer pressure may also be more likely to give in. The story in the beginning serves as _.
|
[
"a lesson to young people",
"an example of peer pressure",
"a warning of security in shops",
"an introduction to bad behavior in youth"
] | 1
|
an example of peer pressure
|
mmlu
| |
As a first -year teacher at a Christian school,I was expecting my fifth grade students to be prefect, perfect in behavior, in attitude, and I even expected the home-life of each student to be nearly perfect. I found, of course, that these students were not different from the children I taught in public school.These kids had behavior problems, bad attitudes,and some even had strikingly difficult family lives. One of my students in particular stands out in my mind.I'll call him Timothy for safety's sake. During the first day of class, I noticed that Timothy was different.Not only in physical appearance, but he also spoke strangely, as though a 35-year-old man were trapped inside his tiny, weak body.On many occasions, I heard Timothy speak of hate, how he hated his family. I observed Timohy for several months and read up on his background and searched for any clue that would lead me closer to understanding this child's strange behavior.Finally I was directed to Timothy's older brother's cheating in an exam and had taken his anger out on Timothy at home.Timothy's parents, in turn, had contacted the school, blaming them for Timothy's problems. I had written a letter to the administration asking that Timothy see a counselor. The school was in the process of contacting a counselor when Timothy was transferred to another school. His father hurried around my room collecting Timothy's things and left. That is the last we have seen or heard from Timothy. I was left with an empty desk and a broken heart. I cried for days afterwards. I felt as though I had done Timothy a _...I did not help him when he needed me. I still think about Timothy every day, and pray for him every morning. What was Timothy like during the first day of class?
|
[
"He looked old in appearance but lively in spirit.",
"He looked common but talked strangely.",
"He spoke strangely and looked weak in body.",
"He acted as if he were as experienced as a 35-year-old man."
] | 2
|
He spoke strangely and looked weak in body.
|
mmlu
| |
All the following are grievous injuries except-
|
[
"Facial burns",
"Avulsion of nail",
"Fracture of a bone",
"Emasculation"
] | 1
|
Avulsion of nail
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. b (Avulsion of the nail). (Ref. Parikh, Textbook of FMT, 5th/310 and Reddy 16th ed. 240)GRIEVOUS INJURIES INCLUDE (ACCORDING TO SEC. 320IPC)1. Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth2. Facial or head permanent disfiguration3. Emasculation4. Permanent privation of sight of either eye5. Permanent privation of hearing of either ear6. Privation of any member of joints7. Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the victim to be in severe bodily pain or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits for a period of 20 days.
|
Singles Day falls on every November 11th, and as the name indicates, this relatively new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living the single life. I was a bit surprised when I googled "Singles Day" on the Internet, to find that China is the only country in the world that has set aside a special day for singles to celebrate their lives. To find out more about this celebration, please read on. An old story goes that once there were four single men, leading very boring lives. None of them were married, or had lovers, or did anything exciting. They just sat around all day and played Mahjong. One day they played Mahjong from 11 in the morning until 11 at night. During the game, no matter who won, the winning card was always the "four columns" card (the card shows four independent, parallel columns in two lines). Even more of a coincidence, it was Nov 11, or 11/11. In order to commemorate the day, they nicknamed it Singles Day. Singles Day was first celebrated at various universities in Nanjing, capital city of Jiangsu Province during the 1990s. It got the name Singles Day because the date consists of four "ones". These college students have since graduated, and carried their university tradition into society. Singles Day is now a special day for all fashionable youths. The main way to celebrate Singles Day is to have dinner with your single friends, but it's important that each person pay their own fee to show their independence. People also hold "blind date" parties in an attempt to say goodbye to their single lives. Many singles also choose to say goodbye to their single lives on this day. Many attend "blind date" parties and many people choose to marry on this day. In addition to meaning "single" the four "ones" of the date can also mean "only one" as in "the only one for me." Some people will use this date and this meaning to tell their special someone that they are the only "one" in their heart. What is the best title for the passage?
|
[
"The Origin of Singles Day.",
"How to Celebrate Singles Day.",
"Singles Day.",
"Say Goodbye to Singles Day."
] | 2
|
Singles Day.
|
mmlu
| |
Why has the narrator been so traumatized?
|
[
"None of the above choices.",
"They are seeing a huge inferno.",
"They are seeing the events of 911.",
"They are seeing the fire on the building."
] | 2
|
They are seeing the events of 911.
|
cosmos_qa
|
I remember many little details of the morning of September 11, 2001. At my 9:00 AM home care visit the TV was on and we watched the fire from the impact of the first airplane crash into the World Trade Centre. At my second visit I saw the second impact.
|
A patient at 28 weeks pregnancy presents with low grade fever, malaise, vomiting since 1 week. On examination she is icteric, Her Hb is 10 gm%, bilirubin is 5 mg/dL, SGOT and SGPT at 630 and 600 with normal platelet count. Most probable cause of her jaundice is
|
[
"IHCP",
"Viral hepatitis",
"Hyperemesis gravidarum",
"HELLP syndrome"
] | 1
|
Viral hepatitis
|
medmcqa
|
Patient here has presented with prodrome of viral hepatitis. Investigations to diiferentiate various causes of jaundice in pregnancy are IHCP AFLP HELLP Viral hepatiis Bilirubin (mg/dL) 1-5, direct 2-10, direct <2 >5 SGOT/ SGPT <200 <1000 <500 500-3000 ALP Raised Normal Normal Normal/raised Platelets Normal low Low Normal Prothrombin time Normal Prolonged prolonged prolonged
|
There was once a man who couldn't sleep well because he was afraid that there was a stranger under his bed.He thought that as soon as he went to sleep,the stranger would come out from under the bed and rob him.He was worried that the stranger might even kill him! Every night,after he got into bed,the man had to get up again and looked under the bed.There was never anyone there,but as soon as he got back into bed,he had to get up and looked under the bed again.This went on for hours until at last he fell asleep from _. The time came for the man to get married.He didn't tell his wife about his fears but she soon found out because he kept her awake all night. "You must go to a doctor."she told him."He will cure you of this silly fear." The man did as his wife told him.He told the doctor his problem,and the doctor said,"I can cure you,but it will take about two years.You must come and see me twice a week.The fee for each visit will be $ 75." The next day the man called the doctor and said."I won't need to visit you again.I'm cured." The doctor was surprised."How?"he asked."Who cured you?" "My wife cured me,"the man said."When I told her how much you were going to charge me,she cut the legs off the bed." The man thought _ was under the bed at night.
|
[
"a monster",
"a person",
"his wife",
"money"
] | 0
|
a monster
|
mmlu
| |
All of the following are true about apoptosis excep:
|
[
"Expression of caspases",
"Internucleosomal cleavage of DNA",
"\"Smeared\" pattern of DNA fragmentation",
"Expression of phosphatidyl serine"
] | 2
|
"Smeared" pattern of DNA fragmentation
|
medmcqa
|
Ans: c (Smeared pattern of DNA fragmentation) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed, p. 27Smeared pattern of DNA fragmentation is indicative of necrosis and ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation on electrophoresis is indicative of apoptosisMorphological features of apoptosis:1) Cell shrinkage2) Chromatin condensation - most characteristic feature3) Formation of cytoplasmic blebs and apoptotic bodiesApoptotic bodies are round or oval bodies with eosinophilic cytoplasamand dense chromatin fragments4) Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophagesMechanism of apoptosis:Extrinsic pathway ot ApoptosisFas ligand|Binds with three molecules of FAS|Forms binding site for FAS associated death domain|FADD(Fas associated death domain binds)|Activation of caspases 8( Caspases 10 in humans)|Activation of execution caspases (3,6)|APOPTOSISIntrinsic pathwayWithdrawal of growth hormone/stress or injury|Loss of BCL 2,BCL-XL (antiapoptotic)Accumulation of Bax,Bim, Bid etc.|Increasing permeability of mitochondrial membrane and leakage of proteins|||cytochrome cApoptosis inducing factor||Activation of caspases 9Neutralisation of inhibitor of Apoptosis|||Activation of execution caspases (3,6)|APOPTOSISDifference between necrosis and apoptosisFeatureNecrosisApoptosisNucleusPyknosis,Karyorrhexis,KaryolysisFragmentation into nucleosomePlasma membraneDisruptedIntactCellular contentsEnzymatic digestion - contents may leak out of cellIntact; released as apoptosisAdjacent inflammationFrequentNilPhysiological/ pathologicalAlways pathologicalOften physiologicImportant points regarding apoptosis:Best known death receptor - TNF 1 receptor (TNFR1) and a related protein called FAS (CD 95)Apoptotic cells express phosphatidyl serine and thrombospondin on their surfaceTumor marker of apoptosis - Annexin 5Intermediate molecule between death receptor andcaspases - SphingolipidceramideBRIDGEPyroptosis: Programmed cell death associated with antimicrobial responses during inflammation. It is studied in the context of Salmonella infected macrophages
|
In studying layers of rock sediment, a geologist found an area where older rock was layered on top of younger rock. Which best explains how this occurred?
|
[
"Earthquake activity folded the rock layers.",
"Volcanic eruptions destroyed a rock layer.",
"Erosion removed several layers of rock.",
"Weathering changed the layering of the rocks."
] | 0
|
Earthquake activity folded the rock layers.
|
arc_challenge
| |
A 75-year-old woman presented with an enlarging lesion on the upper back of 3 years' duration. She had multiple co-morbidities. On examination, there was a 4-cm diameter erythematous, shiny plaque. A punch biopsy showed superficial basal cell carcinoma. It was decided to treat her with imiquimod. What is the recommended treatment regimen?
|
[
"3 times per week for 8 weeks",
"5 times per week for 6 weeks",
"Alternate days for 4 weeks",
"Daily for 3 weeks"
] | 1
|
5 times per week for 6 weeks
|
medmcqa
|
Imiquimod is immune modulator MOA-acts on TLR 7,8 (agonist)Indication1. Anogenital wa=3T/week2. Actinic keratosis= 2T/week3. Superficial BCC= 5T/weekTopical application is carried out.
|
Labyrinthine aery is a branch of
|
[
"Internal carotid aery",
"Posterior cerebellar aery",
"Anteroinferior cerebellar aery",
"Basilar aery"
] | 2
|
Anteroinferior cerebellar aery
|
medmcqa
|
BLOOD SUPPLY OF LABYRINTH The entire labyrinth receives its aerial supply through labyrinthine aery, which is a branch of anterior-inferior cerebellar aery but sometimes from the basilar aery. Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-10,11
|
The Albinas married when Mr. Albina was 30, and they spent the early marriage in Argentina. Then they decided to move to Chile, which meant they had to cross the Andes Mountains. They and their 20s sons made the difficult two-week journey on horses. One night there was a terrible snow storm in the mountains, during which Mrs Albina gave birth to triplets, a boy and two girls. Mrs Albina now has 30 more girls, including the twins who are 15 months old. The oldest Albina children are in their 30s and 40s. They are on their own now, but 18 of the kids still live with their parents in a two-room house. The house has electricity but no toilet or running water. Clearly, the Albinas don't have enough money and food for the big family. Why, then, do they continue to have children? The Albinas do not use birth control because it is against their religion. They can let other people take care of their kids, but Mrs Albina doesn't allow it. "When we were babies," she said, "our mother left us at an orphanage and never returned. Then a couple adopted my brothers, and I was left behind. I was heartbroken. I promised that when I became a mother I would never give my children away." So the Albina family continues to grow. They have so many kids that they run out of names and have to give some children the same name. There are three Susannas, three Miriams, two Estrellas, and two Soledades. Will the family stop at 53 kids? Mr Albina is 77, and Mrs Albina is 59. "I am getting old," she said with a smile, "and I would like God to think of me and consider my age. But if God sends more children to me, yes, there will be more." What is the attitude of Mrs. Albina to continuing to have babies?
|
[
"He is very positive.",
"He doesn't want to have more.",
"He hopes God will give them more.",
"He lets nature take its course."
] | 3
|
He lets nature take its course.
|
mmlu
| |
How did the custom of following the "seventh-inning stretch" begin?
|
[
"No one knows for sure where or when the custom began.",
"Jack Norworth started the tradition with the song in 1927.",
"Fans used it as a time to stand and stretch their legs after sitting for the first six innings.",
"William Howard Taft stood up and the rest of the fans stood in honor of the president."
] | 0
|
No one knows for sure where or when the custom began.
|
race
|
The seventh-inning stretch is one baseball tradition that helps make the game one of America's favorite pastimes. In the middle of the seventh inning fans ritualistically stand and stretch before the home team comes to bat.
No one really knows the origin of the custom, but there are theories on how it started. Baseball historian Dan Daniel provided this explanation: "It probably began as an expression of fatigue. That would explain why the stretch comes late in the game instead of at the halfway point."
A more popular story involves President William Howard Taft and the birth of two baseball traditions. According to the account, Taft attended the first game of the 1910 baseball season. On the spur of the moment, plate umpire Billy Evans gave Taft the ball. He asked him to throw it over the plate. Taft did so, and the custom of having the president launch the baseball season with the first pitch was born.
The story continues that later that same day, President Taft, who weighed well over 300 pounds, became uncomfortable in his small chair. In the middle of the seventh inning, he stood up to stretch his legs. The crowd thought that the president was leaving, so they stood up out of respect. A few moments later, Taft sat down again. The fans followed, and the seventh-inning stretch was born. What a day for traditions!
No matter how the tradition began, fans have since added to the fun. Now, as they stand to stretch during the seventh inning, they can sing along to Jack Norworth's 1927 version of the song "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" after the visiting team has batted.
|
What are made of long chains consisting almost solely of carbon and hydrogen?
|
[
"lipids",
"nucleic acids",
"enzymes",
"proteins"
] | 0
|
lipids
|
sciq
|
Lipids are made of long chains consisting almost solely of carbon and hydrogen. These long chains are called fatty acids. Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. Figure below shows an example of each type of fatty acid.
|
Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study?
|
[
"Because their taste buds have become less sensitive.",
"Because they love the burning sensation.",
"Because they want to challenge themselves.",
"Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns."
] | 1
|
Because they love the burning sensation.
|
race
|
What's your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili in their dinner while others can't get enough of it.
Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love chili and others _ it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chili is related to childhood experiences, and cultural influences affect our taste buds, too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.
"We have always assumed that liking drives intake---we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect these personality traits with intake of chili peppers," said Professor John Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.
But before you look at the study, you should first know that "spicy" is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty. It is, in fact, a burning sensation that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.
In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about certain traits of their personality, for example. Whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given cups of water with capsaicin, the plant chemical that makes chili burn, mixed into them.
By comparing the answers to questionnaires and what participants said they felt about the spicy water. Researchers found that those who most tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.
Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason some people can withstand spicy food is that their tongue have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. It's not that it doesn't burn as badly, it's that you actually learn to like the burn," Hayes explained.
|
I had been rather proud of myself when my friends and family got the ticket,whether it was for speeding,parking or stop sign violations.It was something that happened to others. But last Friday I joined _. I was asked to do a new project last week. On Friday morning on my way to work,I suddenly remembered that I had spent the past six weeks without considering that I had a week's vacation planned during that time. I was very disappointed with myself for not remembering it. The truth is that I was not paying enough attention to my driving and I did not come to a complete stop at the stop sign in front of a school. I was so distracted that I didn't even notice I had a policeman on my tail with his lights flashing. Finally I looked in my mirror and caught on. The policeman was rude and took my papers. Fortunately,I had everything up to date and since I had never had a ticket before,there was nothing for him to do but write me a ticket. While I was sitting there in the seat of "shame",I felt bad. If I had been that distracted and a child had run onto the road,perhaps I would have not reacted as well as I could have. It was a wake-up call. People at work asked me if I tried to talk my way out of it. Frankly,it never occurred to me. I felt guilty. Now I no longer have a clean driving record. Please be careful out there,as a moment's distraction can lead to tragedy. What is this passage mainly about?
|
[
"The writer's most unforgettable experience.",
"How the writer got her first ticket.",
"An accident caused by the writer.",
"Why the writer is always so careful.."
] | 1
|
How the writer got her first ticket.
|
mmlu
| |
What's the passage mainly about?
|
[
"How people use colours.",
"How colours influence people.",
"What happens in a programme.",
"What makes a programme believable."
] | 2
|
What happens in a programme.
|
race
|
Different colours can affect us in many different ways; that's according to Verity Allen. In a new programme "Colour me Healthy", Verity looks at the ways that colours can influence how hard we work and the choices we make. They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we are.
"Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colours for the same things?" says Verity. "Our toothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red. It's never green. Why not? For some reason we think that blue and white is clean, while we think of green products as being a bit unpleasant. It's the same for businesses. We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black, but we don't respect one that uses pink or orange. People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy."
During the programme, Verity studies eight different colours, two colours in each part. She meets people who work in the colour industry, from people who design food packages, to people who name the colours of lipsticks. Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to prove their ideas, such as the American "Colour Doctor" who believes that serious diseases can be treated successfully by the use of coloured lights. However, she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice, with some surprising results.
Overall, it's an interesting show, and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new. But because Verity _ to be polite to everyone she meets on the programme, it's up to you to make your own decisions about how much you should believe.
|
How long did the author probably explore the catacombs for on her visit?
|
[
"30 minutes",
"26 minutes",
"not enough information",
"a few hours"
] | 3
|
a few hours
|
quail
|
As I mentioned in my previous post on Sacré-Coeur, one of the other places I didn’t get a chance to see when I was in Paris last summer was the catacombs so I wanted to be sure to fit in a visit this time around.
Long Queue vs Online Tickets
You can either wait in line to get in or buy tickets online for specific time slots to bypass the line. Wait times can be anywhere from 30 minutes to 3+ hours and in the summer time, it’s common to wait for hours. I definitely recommend buying a ticket online. Keep in mind that they have a limited number of tickets for each time slot, so don’t wait too long to buy or you may be stuck in that loooooong line. We got quite a few less-then-friendly looks from those in the line when we bypassed the entire queue and went right in. C’est la vie (insert Gallic shrug here).
For some inexplicable reason, the site says you must print your tickets if you buy them online. Given that most visitors to the catacombs are tourists with limited or no access to a printer, this seems particularly silly, but what can you do? Luckily, we were in a hotel with a small business center so we printed our tickets there.
Online tickets cost quite a bit more (27€ compared to 12€ for adults and 10€ for those age 26 or under). Totally worth it if that works with your budget. Online tickets also come with an audio guide. If you buy tickets at the door, the guide is an extra 5€.
It’s a nice cool 14°C (57°F) down there, a lovely break from the hot summer weather above. It is damp in places and the ground can be slippery so watch your step as you walk.
|
Syneresis refers to:
|
[
"Liquefaction of the vitreous",
"Black spots in front of the eye",
"Collapse of the vitreous",
"Detachment of the vitreous"
] | 2
|
Collapse of the vitreous
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. Collapse of the vitreous
|
Thayer-Main medium is used for culture of
|
[
"Mycobacteria",
"Neisseria",
"Moraxella",
"Salmonella"
] | 1
|
Neisseria
|
medmcqa
|
Blood agar, Chocolate agar, and Mueller-Hinton starch casein hydrolysate agar are the media commonly used for culturing meningococci.Modified Thayer-Main (with vancomycin, Colistin, and Nystatin) is a useful selective medium.Ref: Ananthanarayan; 7th edition; Page no: 223
|
Jim is my good friend. We are in the same school. He is an American. We are good friends. This is Jim's bedroom. It's not big, but new. A black desk is in the room. Some English books are on the desk. Jim's backpack is on it. The backpack is yellow, but old. What's under the red chair? It's a white cat. It's a Chinese cat. Its name is Mimi. Jim's father is in the living room. He is about fifty years old. Where is his mother? She is in the bedroom. She is a teacher. Jim's backpack is _.
|
[
"old",
"new",
"in the desk",
"under the desk"
] | 0
|
old
|
mmlu
| |
Swan Ganz Catheter is used to measure -
|
[
"Mean arterial pressure",
"Cardiac output",
"Blood volume",
"Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure"
] | 3
|
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
|
medmcqa
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure o Swan Ganz catheter (pulmonary artery catheter) allows direct and simultaneous measurement of -i) Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <left atrial pressure).ii) Right atrial pressure.iii) Right ventricular pressure.iv) Pulmonary' artery pressure.
|
A 12-year-old girl undergoes bone marrow transplant as pa of therapy for ALL. She subsequently presents with pulmonary complaints and neurologic findings. Lung biopsy reveals a granulomatous vasculitis with associated atypical lymphocytes. Clonality studies reveal a monoclonal B cell population with associated polyclonal T cells. What infectious agent is related to this diagnosis?
|
[
"CMV",
"EBV",
"HPV",
"HHV-8"
] | 1
|
EBV
|
medmcqa
|
The clinical and histologic findings are consistent with lymphomatoid granulomatosis, an EBV associated B cell neoplasm which is most commonly seen in pulmonary and CNS vessels in the setting of immunosuppression. Abundant reactive T cells are also seen, which led to early confusion about whether this entity primarily represented a B cell or T cell process.
|
According to the text, the girl is _.
|
[
"experienced",
"hardworking",
"modest",
"creative"
] | 1
|
hardworking
|
race
|
A young girl decided to study judo despite the fact that she had lost her left arm in a car accident. The girl began lessons with an old Japanese judo instructor. The girl was doing well. So she couldn't understand why, after three months of training, the instructor had taught her only one move.
"Instructor," the girl finally said, "Shouldn't I be learning more moves?"
"This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you'll ever need to know," the instructor replied. Not quite understanding, but believing in her teacher, the girl kept training.
Several months later, the instructor took the girl to her first tournament. Surprising herself, the girl easily won her first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, her opponent became impatient. The girl used her one move to win the match. Still amazed by her success, the girl was now in the finals.
This time, her opponent was bigger, stronger and more experienced. For a while, the girl appeared to be overmatched. Concerned that the girl might get hurt, the referee called a time-out. She was about to stop the match when the instructor intervened.
"No," the instructor insisted, "Let her continue."
Soon after the match restarted, her opponent made an important mistake: she dropped her guard. Instantly, the girl used her move to defeat her opponent. The girl had won the match and the tournament. She was the champion.
On the way home, the girl and her teacher reviewed every move in each match. Then the girl asked what was really on her mind.
"Instructor, how did I win the tournament with only one move?"
"You won for two reasons," the teacher answered. "First, you've almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. Second, the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm."
|
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 10