question stringlengths 2 6.53k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer_index int64 0 3 | answer_text stringlengths 1 535 | source stringclasses 11
values | explanation stringlengths 0 22.5k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commonest malignant tumor of skeletal system? | [
"Multiple myeloma",
"Metastasis",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Chondrosarcoma"
] | 1 | Metastasis | medmcqa | Ans. is `b' i.e., Metastasis Commonest bone malignancies -Secondaries Commonest primary malignant tumor - A- Multiple myeloma Commonest primary malignant tumor - Osteosarcoma of long bones Commonest benign tumor of bone - - Osteochondroma (Osteochondroma is not true neoplasm since its growth stops with cessation of gro... |
What is the minimal occlusal thickness that will provide resistance to fracture of amalgam: | [
"1.0 mm",
"1.2 mm",
"1.5 mm",
"1.8 mm"
] | 2 | 1.5 mm | medmcqa | |
What may be a fact about the speaker? | [
"None of the above choices.",
"They love the way the author describes characters.",
"They do n't like the author 's writing style.",
"They have n't really read the book."
] | 2 | They do n't like the author 's writing style. | cosmos_qa | He was obviously a clever and manipulative man, ( sociopathic? ), however, we felt that his power did not come across in the book, especially as he is portrayed so unpleasantly throughout. We thought that her mother was an intriguing character, although again we felt that the author did n't analyse or reflect upon her ... |
Bullfighting | [
"gets back on the bull, picking a winner.",
"runs back to his catch.",
"falls onto the ground being chased by the bull.",
"is scared of the bull as bad guys try to grab him."
] | 2 | falls onto the ground being chased by the bull. | hellaswag | A guy jumps over a fence to get away from the bull. A clown is hiding behind a red barrel. the man the man |
Health | [
"Sometimes, people with schizophrenia become depressed, suffer from a genetic condition, and make poor decisions or live slower than normal. Your loved one can abuse, harm, or lose interest in normal activities.",
"If your loved one is feeling suicidal, suggest that he seek medical attention. If depression is the... | 3 | This means you should encourage him to go to therapy, take mediation, and take part in any lifestyle changes suggested by his doctor. [substeps] Your loved one may not want to continue treatment, especially after being released from an inpatient facility; however, this can lead your loved one to relapse or get worse, w... | hellaswag | [header] How to help loved ones with schizophrenia [title] Encourage treatment. [step] Your loved one will need to undergo and continue treatment in order to live a better life. You should encourage him to continue treatment. |
Computers and Electronics | [
"[substeps] Very often clothing items are collected from the washing machine. Only dry clean items, such as clothing made from a brand that shares similar fabric and cotton products, are labelled \" dry clean only \" or \" only dry clean only \" and they cannot be dated.",
"Hats, shoes, gloves, and other items th... | 3 | [substeps] Clothes that are technically machine washable, but that you would prefer to treat gently, are good candidates for home dry cleaning. Try dry cleaning delicate linens and cottons, and clothing with intricate embroidery or other decorations. | hellaswag | [header] How to dry clean [title] Know which items are safe to dry clean at home. [step] Start by checking the tag on the clothing item in question. Clothes made from wool, rayon and silk are often marked " dry clean only, " and you should have no trouble cleaning them yourself. |
Preload is determined by? | [
"Enddiastolic volume",
"Endsystolic volume",
"Ventricular ejection volume",
"None of the above"
] | 0 | Enddiastolic volume | medmcqa | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Enddiastolic volume |
Which of the following is not a benign bone tumor? | [
"Osteoid osteoma",
"Chondroma",
"Enchondroma",
"Chordoma"
] | 3 | Chordoma | medmcqa | Chordoma is a slow growing malignant tumor arising from notochordal remnants. Late pulmonary metastasis can occur in 9% of cases. |
A pregnant lady with gonorrhea with white discharge. Treatment of choice is: | [
"Ceftriaxone single dose IM + Metronidazole for 14 days",
"Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin single dose",
"Ceftriaxone plus Doxycycline 100 mg for 7 days + Metronidazole for 14 days",
"Ceftriaxone single dose IM"
] | 1 | Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin single dose | medmcqa | Treatment of Gonorrhoea Ceftriaxone 250 mg i.m in a single dose + Azithromycin 1g single dose Alternative Rx Cefixime 400mg orally in a single dose + Azithromycin 1 single dose |
5HT3 receptors belong to which of the following group of receptors? | [
"Metabotropic",
"Fastest acting receptors",
"Slowest acting receptors",
"Enzymatic receptors"
] | 1 | Fastest acting receptors | medmcqa | 5HT3 receptors among serotonin receptors are the only ion channel receptors among serotonin group Ion channel receptors are fastest acting receptors Intracellular -slowest acting Ref: HL sharma KK sharma 3rd edition pg no: 62 |
Why oxygen transpo by haemoglobin is impaired by decreased glycolytic activity? | [
"Reduced synthesis of haemoglobin",
"Reduced energy production",
"Increased production of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate",
"Decreased production of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate"
] | 3 | Decreased production of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate | medmcqa | 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate is an impoant allosteric modifier of haemoglobin oxygen saturation and desaturation. During decreased glycolytic activity decreased production of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate is responsible for increased oxygen affinity for Hb and decreased dissociation from it leading to impaired oxygen delivery to ... |
Home and Garden | [
"If you are working with other materials, such as tuners or wrenches, make sure you have the right torque wrench for that job. If you are new to driving and need a torque wrench, purchase an automotive or industrial torque wrench.",
"Once the original torque you purchased is calibrated, and you buy a new torque w... | 2 | [substeps] There are four types of torque wrenches: beam, click adjustable, dial gauge and digital electronic. The main differences between these types are how they are read and how easily they can be adjusted. | hellaswag | [header] How to use a torque wrench [title] Purchase a torque wrench that you are sure is calibrated. [step] Purchase one directly from an auto parts store or a supplier. If you purchase a used torque wrench, take it to be recalibrated at an auto parts store. |
Annette Kellerman was born in Australia in 1887.She had polio and could not walk easily.She had to wear metal supports on her legs to stand up on her own.To make her legs stronger,her mother took her for swimming lessons every week.Swimming made her legs so strong that when she was 15 she was able to throw away her sup... | [
"to make her a famous swimmer",
"to make her legs stronger",
"to make her swim faster",
"to make her win gold medals"
] | 1 | to make her legs stronger | mmlu | |
Carha's notch in audiometery is seen in: | [
"Ocular discontinuity",
"Haemotympanum",
"Otomycosis",
"Otosclerosis"
] | 3 | Otosclerosis | medmcqa | Carhas notchBone conduction is normal in otosclerosis.In some cases there is a dip in bone conduction curve which is maximum at 2000 Hz / 2 KHZ called as Carhas notch.Carhas notch is seen only in bone conduction curve.It disappears after successful stapedectomy/stapedotomy. The reason why it disappears after successful... |
Brown - sequard syndrome - | [
"Pain loss in the opposite side of lesion",
"Fine touch lost in opposite side of lesion",
"UMN paralysis in opposite side of lesion",
"LMN paralysis in opposite side of lesion"
] | 0 | Pain loss in the opposite side of lesion | medmcqa | In Brown sequard syndrome, a hemisection of the spinal cord results in
- Sensory
Loss of Ipsilateral dorsal column sensations- Proprioception, vibration, fine touch, Kinesthesia.
Loss of contralateral lateral column sensations- Pain, temperature
- Motor
Loss of ipsilateral corticospinal action- resul... |
Wof is injectable COX-2 inhibitor | [
"Celecoxib",
"Etoricoxib",
"Parecoxib",
"None of the above"
] | 2 | Parecoxib | medmcqa | Parecoxib:- It is a prodrug of valdecoxib suitable for injection, and to be used in post- operative or similar sho-term pain, with efficacy similar to ketorolac. Ref:- kd tripathi;pg num:-206 |
Vitamin K is involved in the action of the following proteins except | [
"Factor II",
"Factor X",
"Factor I",
"Protein C"
] | 2 | Factor I | medmcqa | Vitamin K dependent factors are Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 566 |
It seems that people can enjoy Carols by Candlelight because of _. | [
"the warm weather",
"the Christmas Bush",
"the activities at daytime",
"the Southern Cross stars"
] | 0 | the warm weather | race | Christmas in Australia is often very hot. Whereas the northern hemisphere is in the middle of winter, Australians are baking in summer heat. It is not unusual to have Christmas Day well into the mid 30 degrees Celsius, or near 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
A traditional meal includes a turkey dinner, with ham, and pork. A fl... |
Streptococcus toxin which is responsible for connective tissue breakdown? | [
"Hyaluronidase",
"Streptolysin 0",
"Streptolysin S",
"Streptococcus pyogenic exotoxin"
] | 0 | Hyaluronidase | medmcqa | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hyaluronidase Hyaluronidase splits hyaluronic acid, an impoant component of the ground substance of connective tissue. Thus, hyaluronidase aids in spreading infecting microorganisms (spreading factor).Hyaluronidases are antigenic and specific for each bacterial or tissue source. Following infection wi... |
It is cold outside in winter, but winter is also an interesting season. You can do some outdoor winter activities for fun. It is important to choose the right outdoor activity in winter. Playing outside won't make you sick. Before you go out to have fun, wear gloves, coats and warm socks and warm shoes. And you should... | [
"Skiing.",
"Hiking.",
"Camping.",
"Skating."
] | 2 | Camping. | mmlu | |
Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? | [
"Many people are interested in shanzhai.",
"Shanzhi has become popular on the Internet these days.",
"Some shanzhai singers perform well and people love their performance.",
"People who watch shanzhai clelebrities didn't know they are not real."
] | 3 | People who watch shanzhai clelebrities didn't know they are not real. | race | The word "shanzhai" originally means "mountain village",but it means"copy"in Chinese now.
I started to research this topic and found a whole new shanzhai world.There are shanzhai products and online games,even shanzhai culture.It is so popular that some people say to each other "have you shanzhaied today"?Like it or ... |
Filaria elimination is possible in South-East Asian region due to all of the following except: | [
"Humans are the only reservoir",
"Parasite does not multiply in the intermediate host mosquito",
"Larva multiply in human reservoir only",
"Infectious larva get deposited on skin but most of them die before penetrating"
] | 0 | Humans are the only reservoir | medmcqa | Ans. a. Humans are the only reservoir |
A gymnast is seen standing with his arm up and walking towards uneven bars. He | [
"begins swinging around on the bars over and over.",
"continues swinging himself down and ends by taking a large swing.",
"finishes his routine by continuing to dance before dropping down.",
"moves his hands around as well as several dancing while being interviewed."
] | 0 | begins swinging around on the bars over and over. | swag | A gymnast is seen standing with his arm up and walking towards uneven bars. |
Most teens can't wait to learn to drive. Not so with me. Driving made me nervous. I didn't get a license until I turned 24 years old. As a result, when I first married, we only had one car and car pooled to work. My husband's hours were different from mine by one hour. I worked earlier. So he dropped me off and went to... | [
"Seeing is believing",
"Trust her heart instead of her look",
"Looks can be deceiving",
"Fooled by her look"
] | 2 | Looks can be deceiving | mmlu | |
Cambium layer is seen in: | [
"Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcoma"
] | 0 | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma | medmcqa | Ans. (a) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 1253)In Sarcoma botryoides, a variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, histology shows a cambium layer where the tumors about the mucosa of an organ, they form a submucosal zone of hypercellularity. |
Most common histological form of lung Ca that metastasizes is - | [
"Squamous cell CA",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Alveolar-carcinoma",
"Small cell carcinoma"
] | 3 | Small cell carcinoma | medmcqa | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Small cell carcinoma o Small cell carcinomas are the most aggressive of lung tumors, metastasize widely and are virtually incurable by surgical means.o Small cell carcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer associated with ectopic hormone production and paraneoplastic syndrome. |
An investigator into the life expectancy of IV drug abusers divides a sample of patients into HIV positive and HIV negative groups. What type of data does this division constitute? | [
"Nominal",
"Ordinal",
"Interval",
"Poion"
] | 0 | Nominal | medmcqa | Ans. is `a' i.e., Nominal In the question, data has been divided into two groups, i.e. HIV positive/HIV negative Data should be measured on nominal scale especially Dichotomous type of nominal scale. |
Which of the following metabolic disturbance is associated with the use of Amphotericin B? | [
"Hypokalemia",
"Hyperkalemia",
"Hypermagnesemia",
"Hyponatremia"
] | 0 | Hypokalemia | medmcqa | Electrolyte disturbance associated with the use of amphotericin B are hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. In order to prevent kidney injury.9% saline should be administered prior to infusion of amphotericin B. Adverse effects of amphotericin B: Infusion of this drug is known to cause fever, chills, muscle spasms,vomiting, ... |
Indications for use of cyclophosphamide in SLE is: (PGI Nov 2010) | [
"Arthritis",
"Anti D NA antibody +ive patients",
"Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis",
"Oral ulcers"
] | 2 | Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis | medmcqa | Ans: C (Diffuse,.) WHO Classification of Lupus Nephritis. Five Patterns Robbins 7th/ 231minimal or no detectable abnormalities (class I)mesangial lupus glomerulonephritis (class II)focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (class III)diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (class IV)membranous glomerulonephritis (class V... |
Why did the narrator have so much fun? | [
"They were at an aquatic ride.",
"They took a trip to Georgia.",
"They were in Georgia.",
"They were playing games in Georgia."
] | 0 | They were at an aquatic ride. | cosmos_qa | Its not needed, but I felt a sense of accomplishment falling out of the boat and still having mine to finish the rest of the river ride. We traversed a few more rapids and got back onto the bus. Overall... more exciting than the lazy river ride we did in Helen, Georgia with the kids. But then again it was suppose to be... |
Which is true about gallstones | [
"Pigment gallstones are most common",
"Bacterial nidus of infection may be seen",
"Even if asymptomatic gallbladder should be removed",
"They are mostly solitary"
] | 1 | Bacterial nidus of infection may be seen | medmcqa | Recently bacterial infection has been shown to play the role in pathogenesis of gallstone, this adds to the growing pool of studies finding an infectious nidus in these gallstones Brown stones are related to bile statsis and infection Gram negative bacteria (E.coli and Klebsiella) secretes beta-glucuronidase, which dec... |
Come to Murray's big sale on clothes and things for school. They are at a very good price. Do you like jackets? We have jackets in all colors at 25 dollars each. Do you need bags for shopping or school? We have great bags for only 9 dollars. For young boys and girls, we have T-shirts in red, yellow, white and black f... | [
"pens",
"maps",
"pencils",
"books"
] | 1 | maps | mmlu | |
A shadowing figure stands by a chimney pot on the barn roof. Someone | [
"climbs the tight ladder into a sleek and white roof.",
"steals a cocktail bag out of a house and climbs in.",
"plunges in, making photos of people onto the floor.",
"looks up at the tv screen."
] | 0 | climbs the tight ladder into a sleek and white roof. | swag | A shadowing figure stands by a chimney pot on the barn roof. |
The total number of cingula in each dentition is: | [
"6",
"12",
"24",
"32"
] | 1 | 12 | medmcqa | |
What sport is the narrator describing? | [
"They are describing softball.",
"They are describing football.",
"None of the above choices.",
"They are describing baseball."
] | 3 | They are describing baseball. | cosmos_qa | The only fight left in the American League is for the AL Central crown, and right now neither the Twins or the White Sox look like they want anything to do with it. The NL has two races left, for the NL East and the wild card. Philly clinched at least a tie for the division with a win and a Mets loss yesterday. The Bre... |
Which is likely water vapor? | [
"a dog",
"a cat",
"a rat",
"puffy white fliers"
] | 3 | puffy white fliers | mmlu | |
In which magazine would you most likely find this article? | [
"Personal Finance",
"Science Fiction Monthly",
"Mind and Body",
"Smartphone World"
] | 2 | Mind and Body | race | As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularl... |
What might this post be trying to accomplish? | [
"The post is trying to let everyone know they have no advertising budget.",
"They are trying to score customers with their high quality ads.",
"They still use inks with lead in them because they are made in China.",
"None of the above choices."
] | 3 | None of the above choices. | cosmos_qa | Paper crafts ( calligraphy, greeting cards, bookbinding, papermaking, rubber stamping, and scrapbooking ) articles, how - to s, reference charts, hints and tips, free and fun stuff. Chic, stylish and modern greeting cards, postcards can see and feel the quality of our cards before you order, we offer free greeting opti... |
Where's the best place to use water to power a lighthouse? | [
"the tundra",
"the ocean",
"the desert",
"the mountains"
] | 1 | the ocean | mmlu | |
Smoking hookah | [
"returns to talking to the camera.",
"fills his mouth with foam and laughs and blows smoke.",
"touches his cheek again.",
"bends down and grabs something off the ground."
] | 2 | touches his cheek again. | hellaswag | The man blows a large cloud of smoke. The man touches his cheek and jaw. The man blows circles in the smoke. he he |
What can visitors see during the Upstairs Tour? | [
"Pavarotti.",
"The State bedrooms.",
"A show.",
"Artworks."
] | 1 | The State bedrooms. | race | Leeds Castle is in Kent, England. 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Maidstone. It is built on islands in a lake formed by the River Len to the cast of the village of Leeds. It has been open to the public since 1976.
Opening time: April to September. 10:00--18:00 October to March: 10:00~17:00 Tickets:Tickets are valid for one... |
Which tumor is not seen in the anterior mediastinum - | [
"Teratoma",
"Thymic tumors",
"Thyroid tumors",
"Neurofibroma"
] | 3 | Neurofibroma | medmcqa | |
To prove whether you take your academic studies seriously, you should _. | [
"write an essay on why you should get this scholarship",
"submit your academic records",
"be interviewed by the administrators of the scholarship",
"prove you are a good recipient of the scholarship"
] | 1 | submit your academic records | race | Study-abroad programs are a great way to learn about different cultures. Sometimes students don't have the money to join in these programs. That is why scholarships for study-abroad programs are starting to become popular.
Study-abroad programs can often be quite expensive. Finding scholarships is not that difficult... |
A small dog is wearing shoes. He | [
"speeds down the hall with a dog, takes his bow and leads them back.",
"has trouble walking in them.",
"puts the shoes on on the mans shoes.",
"is sitting at the end of a tiled tub."
] | 1 | has trouble walking in them. | swag | A small dog is wearing shoes. |
England has a longstanding problem with youngsters dropping out of training. Almost half of 17-year-olds in some parts of England have dropped out of fulltime education or training. The statistics show 49% in Thurrock and 44% in Salford have dropped out of school or job training. Across England,31%of 17-year-olds a... | [
"industrialised countries have more problems with youngsters dropping out of school",
"England has a higher rate of youngsters not in education among the industrialised countries",
"in England different regions have the same rate of 17-year-olds dropping out of school",
"more than half of 17-year-olds in Engl... | 1 | England has a higher rate of youngsters not in education among the industrialised countries | mmlu | |
In which of the following conditions does hypogonadism and anosmia coexist? | [
"Kallman syndrome",
"Me yer-Rokitansky-Kauster syndrome",
"Noonan Syndrome",
"Ashermann syndrome"
] | 0 | Kallman syndrome | medmcqa | Ans is 'a' i.e., Kallman Syndrome Kallmann's Syndrome:o When congenital GnRH deficiency is associated with anosmia or hyposmia (an absent or grossly impaired sense of smell), the disorder is known as Kallmann's syndrome.o Two genetic mutations associated with Kallman's Syndrome :a) KAL gene - X - linked inheritance (Xp... |
All of the following are the well established modifiable risk factors of coronary hea disease except - | [
"Cigarette smoking",
"Genetic factors",
"High blood pressure",
"Elevated serum cholesterol"
] | 1 | Genetic factors | medmcqa | Non modifiable risk factors:- Age Sex Family history Genetic factors Personality Modifiable Risk factors Cigarette smoking High blood pressure Elevated serum cholesterol Diabetes Obesity Sedentary habits Stress Ref- Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 24th edition. |
BAL is used as an antidote poisoning by: | [
"Morphine",
"Aconite",
"Phenol",
"Mercury"
] | 3 | Mercury | medmcqa | D i.e. Mercury BAL or Dimercaprol is used in poisoning by Au, Cu; Bi, Ni; As, Sb, Hg (mercuryQ) |
What living things are considered photoautotrophs because they use sunlight and carbon from carbon dioxide to synthesize chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates? | [
"plants",
"protazoa",
"bacteria",
"moulds"
] | 0 | plants | sciq | Solar Dependence and Food Production Some organisms can carry out photosynthesis, whereas others cannot. An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food. The Greek roots of the word autotroph mean “self” (auto) “feeder” (troph). Plants are the best-known autotrophs, but others exist, including certain types o... |
Steven Jobs was born in 1955. He was an American businessman and inventor. He was the co-founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple Inc. In the late 1970s, Steve, with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, and others, designed, developed, and marketed one of the first successful lines of personal compu... | [
"It is cancer that took the Steve's life",
"Steve's brilliance, passion and energy enrich and improve all of our lives",
"Apple II series and the Macintosh have made computers personal and put the Internet in our pockets",
"Steve was a businessman but not an inventor"
] | 0 | It is cancer that took the Steve's life | mmlu | |
What provides the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change? | [
"chemical formulas",
"electron shells",
"genome sequence",
"atomic numbers"
] | 0 | chemical formulas | sciq | A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a qu... |
Qixi Festival, the Chinese equivalent of Valentine's Day that fell yesterday, was not only a disappointment for forgotten lovers, but also for businessmen left with empty pockets. The cold reception has prompted cultural experts to seriously worry that the lovers' festival, marked for generations since the Han Dynasty(... | [
"by legal decision",
"in economic ways",
"by professional rules",
"in cultural terms"
] | 3 | in cultural terms | mmlu | |
My grandmother was from a town in Michigan. Summer after summer, I enjoyed staying with my grandparents as a young child. I was from the city and loved the small town they lived in. People knew everyone, their kids, their pets, their ancestors. The bond with them continued to grow as I grew and they got older. Grandma ... | [
"was the item the author had been trying to find",
"was the most treasured possession of Grandma",
"was very precious to the author",
"was a birthday gift Grandma had given the author"
] | 2 | was very precious to the author | mmlu | |
String sign of Kantor seen in: | [
"Crohn's disease",
"Ulcerative colitis",
"Both of the above",
"None of the above"
] | 0 | Crohn's disease | medmcqa | Named features of Crohn's Disease :- Hose Pipe appearance Cobble-stone appearance Halo sign on CT String sign of Kantor Raspberry/ rosethorn appearance |
A student riding a bicycle observes that it moves faster on a smooth road than on a rough road. This happens because the smooth road has | [
"less gravity",
"more gravity",
"less friction",
"more friction"
] | 2 | less friction | mmlu | |
"Eugenics" is: | [
"The study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding",
"The humane destruction of an animal accomplished by a method that produces rapid unconsciousness and subsequent death without evidence of pain or distress, or a method that utilizes anesthesia produced by an agent that caus... | 0 | The study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding | medmcqa | Eugenics (sir francis Galton) : is a social philosophy which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through various form of intervention (GENETIC MANIPULATION) Negative eugenics: Is aimed at lowering feility among the genetically disadvantaged. This includes aboion, sterilization, and other method of fami... |
What type of literary genre does the narrator like? | [
"They like fiction stories.",
"None of the above choices.",
"They like the John Wick series.",
"They like history."
] | 0 | They like fiction stories. | cosmos_qa | I began reading a book today, Jessie, by Lori Wick. This is part of the Big Sky Dreams series. As I was reading about the main character telling his wife what he had been doing the last eight years, the story seemed very familiar. |
Alice goes to the zoo _ | [
"on her bike",
"on a bus",
"in a car",
"on a train"
] | 1 | on a bus | race | Alice is an American girl.She is thirteen. She is now in Beijing with her parents.She doesn't know much Chinese. She can't speak Chinese well.Sometimes her friends do not understand her.
It's Sunday morning.She's going to the zoo to see the pandas.She is waiting at the bus station.At the bus station she asks a boy how ... |
The best title for the passage would be " _ ". | [
"The Telephone and Its Past",
"From the Wire to the Microwave System",
"The Needs for Better Telephones",
"How to Use the Telephone"
] | 1 | From the Wire to the Microwave System | race | Ever since man began to use the telephone, there have been new problems arising from the carrying of messages. At first, each message was carried by a pair of overhead wires. As a result, telephone exchanges were soon surrounded by thousands of wires. The wires were then replaced by cables,each containing many pairs of... |
How to Memorize Things Quicker Than Other People? The following is my advice for you. Step 1: Preparation To improve your memorization, pay close attention to which environment you choose. For most people, this means choosing an area with few distractions, though some people do advance greatly by learning in public are... | [
"By recording and listening to the information.",
"By writing and re-writing the information.",
"By writing and listening to the information.",
"By recalling everything from memory."
] | 1 | By writing and re-writing the information. | mmlu | |
True about primary pulmonary hypoventilation is: | [
"Does not respond to chemical stimuli",
"Hypocapnoea and normal PaO2",
"Common in children",
"Respiratory alkalosis is diagnostic"
] | 0 | Does not respond to chemical stimuli | medmcqa | Answer is A (Does not respond to chemical stimuli): Ventilatory responses to chemical stimuli are reduced or absent- Harrison 161/1/1570 Primary pulmonary hypoventilation Characterized by: Impaired chemoreception resulting in decreased ventilatory drive. Chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia in the absence of identifiable ... |
Earliest symptom of carcinoma cervix is | [
"Irregular vaginal bleed",
"Post coital bleed",
"Foul smelling discharge",
"Pain"
] | 0 | Irregular vaginal bleed | medmcqa | Ans. is a i.e. Irregular vaginal bleeding "In its very early stage, invasive carcinoma of cervix causes no symptoms and is discovered accidently or as a result of routine search. Symptoms come with surface ulceration and consist only of irregular uterine bleeding or discharge or both. These being pe-or postmenopausal i... |
Health | [
"Younger citizens will rarely feel alone, and it is crucial to be self focused. But do not be greedy, try to take time for yourself.",
"If, after evaluating your plans for the foreseeable future, you are not in a position to make new ones, commit to making these changes as temporary as possible. It may seem large... | 3 | It is a reality that even family members cannot or will not help you for various reasons, from fear to stubbornness, from inability to reach you to injury or even death. [title] Look at your daily routine, ask yourself some important questions. | hellaswag | [header] How to design a disaster preparedeness plan for older citizens [title] Commit to creating a plan. [step] Make the time, take the time to really review both your own and your family's needs. Consider the possibility of being left alone, on your own for some time. |
A 30 year old female epileptic on phenytoin, developed weakness and fatigue. Blood examination revealed Hb = 4.6 gm. MCV = 102 fl and MCH = 40 pg/dl. What is the most probable diagnosis? | [
"Hea failure",
"Iron deficiency anaemia",
"Phenytoin induced agranulocytosis",
"Megalobalstic anaemia"
] | 3 | Megalobalstic anaemia | medmcqa | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Megalablostic anaemia Raised MCV (normal 86-98) and MCH (normal 28-33) with low hemoglobin (normal 12-16) suggest the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia. Remember Amongst antiepileptics, phenytoin, phenobarbitone and primidone can cause megaloblastic anemia. |
Reissner membrane seperates: | [
"Scala Vestibuli from Scala media",
"Scala tympani from scale Vestibuli",
"Scala tympani from Scala media",
"None of the above"
] | 0 | Scala Vestibuli from Scala media | medmcqa | Reissner membrane separates scala vestibule from scala media. |
Relationships | [
"Finding a new hobby is a great way to occupy your mind and to stop dwelling on your loneliness and funnel your energy toward something new and exciting. Many hobbies include other people but there are plenty of fun things to do alone.",
"It can even make it hard to sleep, thus reducing your desire to hang out wi... | 0 | Finding a new hobby is a great way to occupy your mind and to stop dwelling on your loneliness and funnel your energy toward something new and exciting. Many hobbies include other people but there are plenty of fun things to do alone. | hellaswag | [header] How to cope without friends on a temporary basis [title] Pick up a new hobby. [step] A big part of loneliness is mental and boredom. Stewing in your own thoughts and fixating on how lonely you are can exasperate the problem. |
What is the major cause of tooth decay? _ | [
"Not brushing teeth",
"Not changing toothbrush",
"Eating sugar",
"Not flossing teeth"
] | 2 | Eating sugar | race | Teeth are important. Strong, healthy teeth help you chew foods that help you grow. They help you speak clearly. And yes,they help you look best. Here are some tips for you to take care of you teeth:
1. Brush your teeth the right way.
Brush your teeth at least twice a day - after breakfast and before bedtime. If you ca... |
Roll back malaria programme focused mainly on? | [
"IEC campaigns for community awareness",
"Insecticide treated bed nets",
"Development of larvivorus fishes for eradication of larvae.",
"Presumptive treatment of malaria case"
] | 1 | Insecticide treated bed nets | medmcqa | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Insecticide treated bed nets The main strategies of Roll Back Malaria initiative are : a) Strengthen health system to ensure better delivery of health care, especially at district and community level. b) Ensure the proper and expanded use of insecticide treated mosquito nets. c) Ensure adequate access... |
What can the writer learn from her experience? | [
"The old will become forgetful.",
"Everyone will get old someday.",
"The old need care from others.",
"We shouldn't leave the old in the nursing home."
] | 2 | The old need care from others. | race | Yesterday I went to the nursing home to visit my grandma. She just got out of the hospital recently where she had some serious operations. I wanted to surprise her after work, so I stopped by for a quick visit.
When I got there, she was happy to see me. We hugged, kissed and exchanged greetings. Then I heard a woman cr... |
How might this person be described? | [
"They have their own independence.",
"They are in a loving relationship.",
"They are in a new relationship.",
"None of the above choices."
] | 1 | They are in a loving relationship. | cosmos_qa | Me and my boyfriend just recently bought an apartment well to cut to the chase we are doing it up and it 's rather an expensive job! We have been together 3 years and this is the first time we have had our own place! Anyway he came home tonight and said he had a suprise! it was a bracelet! |
Who are the cute angels? | [
"Deities from church",
"Beauty contest winners",
"Youngsters",
"None of the above choices."
] | 2 | Youngsters | cosmos_qa | But the way Curie pips were did not change. The " makukulit ", " mahaharot " and " kalog " people that I have met and been part almost one - fourth of my life were still the same. I hope that by the next time that we 'll have our trip outside of town, more people would be able to come. Some of us can come perhaps with ... |
Home and Garden | [
"[title] Tighten the connections by adding wires to the plugs. [title] Place the wires in their specific holes, lined with them into the pipe.",
"[title] Bring the light close to the conduit at one end and turn the pipe clockwise to make contact with the conduit, then pull it all the way back. [step] Then, finish... | 2 | The vacuum should pull the string through the pipe.. [substeps] Watch the end where the string is feeding into the pipe to make sure it doesn't get snagged and stop. | hellaswag | [header] How to fish wires through a conduit or pipe [title] Unwind several feet of the light string and feed a little bit of it into one end of the pipe. [title] Start up the vacuum cleaner and attach it to the other end of the pipe. [step] Try to seal the connection the best you can to make the most efficient use of ... |
She studies her as if she is never really seen her before. All of a sudden a look of shocked realization | [
"comes in in someone's eyes.",
"comes onto someone's mind.",
"comes onto the screen.",
"appears on the woman's face."
] | 3 | appears on the woman's face. | swag | She studies her as if she is never really seen her before. |
"Let the world know China and let China know the world." I can't remember exactly where I have seen this slogan in Beijing. Considering the simple fact of the wish people have for learning foreign languages and the number of people going abroad each year, everyone can tell how hard China and Chinese people are trying ... | [
"to be as humorous as possible",
"to take away the empty slogan",
"not to be too poor or too economical",
"to show ourselves with confidence"
] | 3 | to show ourselves with confidence | mmlu | |
Caudal Regression Syndrome is seen in babies of mothers suffering from which of the following condition? | [
"PIH",
"Anaemia",
"Cardiac disease",
"Gestational diabetes"
] | 3 | Gestational diabetes | medmcqa | Caudal Regression syndrome is about 200 times more frequent in patients with diabetes, than in normal healthy women (general population). It is the most specific fetal malformation in maternal diabetes. Ref: Williams Obstetrics 22nd Edition, Page 1177; Pediatric Brain And Spine: An Atlas Of MRI And Spectroscopy By Leen... |
If a person has bacteria in a certain part of their insides, it can help by | [
"growing them another arm",
"making them much fatter",
"giving them a fever",
"pulling minerals from nutriment"
] | 3 | pulling minerals from nutriment | mmlu | |
What may be a fact about this person 's past? | [
"They used to read a lot.",
"They used to write all the time.",
"They used to write novels.",
"None of the above choices."
] | 1 | They used to write all the time. | cosmos_qa | i want to start writing again. it 's been way way too long. i have a couple of old stories from highschool that i'm thinking, as an exorcise, i might rewrite. |
Celeborn steps forward to greet the guests. His hair | [
"is long and silver, his face grave and beautiful, with no sign of age upon it.",
"grabbing her by the shoulders.",
"is a little smartly for them, quite so.",
"brimmed back to someone."
] | 0 | is long and silver, his face grave and beautiful, with no sign of age upon it. | swag | Celeborn steps forward to greet the guests. |
Whether you're taking a trip alone or with your family, it's easier to get sick when you're in a new place because your body hasn't had a chance to _ to the food, water, and air in a new environment. Read the following tips on keeping your travel experience as healthy as possible. Safe foods and drinks What foods are s... | [
"your own",
"one of your parents",
"one of your relatives",
"one of your friends"
] | 3 | one of your friends | mmlu | |
I am a volunteer. I set out to help clean up the beach after a violent storm a year ago. The sight I saw was heartbreaking. The broken houses seemed to be crying. I couldn't describe how I felt. But something special among the debris turned my day around. I joined a club to clean up the beach after the storm last Nov... | [
"the jacket was made there",
"the jacket's owner worked there",
"the workers there needed the jacket",
"the jacket might be collected by the museum"
] | 3 | the jacket might be collected by the museum | mmlu | |
Breast milk storage in a refrigerator is upto? | [
"4 hrs",
"8 hrs",
"12 hours",
"24 hrs"
] | 3 | 24 hrs | medmcqa | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 24 hrs Breast milk o Can be stored at room temperature --> For 8-10 hours o In a refrigerator --> For 24 hours o In a freezer --> -20degc for 3 months |
A 5-year-old child presented with abdominal distension, pallor, easy bruising and bone pain. On physical examination, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy was noted. Child was suspected to have metabolic disorder. So, biopsy and histopathologic examination was planned from bone marrow. On staining and microscopic exa... | [
"Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation",
"Substrate reduction therapy",
"Replacement therapy with recombinant enzymes",
"Transfer of normal gene into the pts hematopoietic stem cells."
] | 2 | Replacement therapy with recombinant enzymes | medmcqa | The clinical profile describes that child has Gaucher's disease. Her bone marrow biopsy shown below- Bone marrow biopsy shows GAUCHER CELL which is a macrophage filled with excess PAS-positive glucocerebroside giving "CRUMPLED TISSUE PAPER" appearance. X ray of the left distal femur shows ERLENMEYER FLASK DEFORMITY (me... |
Metabolic alkalosis is caused by | [
"Repeated vomiting",
"Diarrhea",
"Diabetic ketosis",
"All"
] | 0 | Repeated vomiting | medmcqa | Ans: a (Repeated vomiting)Ref: Vasudevan & Sreekumari, 6th edi., Pg. 351METABOLIC ALKALOSISPrimary changeExcess of bicarbonate Bicarbonate level >33 mmol/L pH increased > 7.42Secondary change Increase in PaC02 (compensation)CAUSES OF METABOLIC ALKALOSISChloride responsiveProlonged vomiting,Nasogastric suctionChloride r... |
CNN news-Jan 16,2013 Protests have been going on for about a week now in the northern Irish capital of Belfast. They Started out peacefuily, bus some of them turn violent later on. There is a lot of history behind these protests,and it starts with geography, What's interesting is that Northern Ireland is not part of... | [
"Delayed fling",
"Angry people",
"Smog",
"Hosting Olympics"
] | 2 | Smog | mmlu | |
A few years ago, my younger sister and I were the first to board our flight for Norfolk, Virginia. Just as we were about to board the plane, a mechanic came out of the aircraft and blocked the door with his arms. He turned to the flight attendant and hurriedly stated, "We got problems!" I thought to myself, "Why did I ... | [
"To ensure success, don't get started before you've got everything ready.",
"To avoid repeating failure, give yourself all the reasons why you can't.",
"To set up a business, don't wait until you have everything you need.",
"To achieve success, try to prepare for the worse"
] | 2 | To set up a business, don't wait until you have everything you need. | mmlu | |
A patient with sinus infection develops chemosis,B/L proptosis and fever, the diagnosis goes in or of: | [
"lateral sinus thrombosis",
"Frontal lobe abscess",
"Cavernous sinus thrombosis",
"Meningitis"
] | 2 | Cavernous sinus thrombosis | medmcqa | Angular vein which begins from medial angle of eye,continues as the facial vein.The facial vein communicates with the cavernous sinus through the deep facial vein and pterygoid plexus of veins. B/L proptosis,fever and chemosis point towards cavernous sinus thrombosis. Ref Dhingra 6/e,p 201. |
A 3 year old boy is brought with normal developmental milestones but has delayed speech difficulty in communication and concentration. He is not making friends. What is the MOST probable diagnosis in this child? | [
"Autism",
"ADHD",
"Mental retardation",
"Specific learning disability"
] | 0 | Autism | medmcqa | This child is most probably suffering from autism. Autism is a neurologic disorder characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction and communication and presence of restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Pervasive developmental disorder: Children with this d... |
Disadvantage of polysulphide as impression material: | [
"High cost",
"Materials leaching out",
"Stretching leads to distortion",
"Difficulty in cast pouring"
] | 2 | Stretching leads to distortion | medmcqa | |
Anatomical closure of ductus aeriosus occurs at ________ | [
"Bih",
"3-4 days",
"10-21 days",
"10-15 hours"
] | 2 | 10-21 days | medmcqa | Ductus aeriosus is functionally closed at 10-15 hours after bih and then anatomical closure occurs at 10-12 days. Ref: Ghai essential pediatrics 9th edition Pgno: 400 |
Pyogenic granuloma is | [
"Granulation tissue overgrowth/ Non-Specific conditioned enlargement",
"Capillary hemangioma",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Tuberculoid leprosy"
] | 0 | Granulation tissue overgrowth/ Non-Specific conditioned enlargement | medmcqa | |
Someone drops the pale, deformed creature into it. Someone | [
"shoots his father camp below the offices.",
"looks the rodent taut.",
"shoots the empty steward after him.",
"looks down in wonder."
] | 3 | looks down in wonder. | swag | Someone drops the pale, deformed creature into it. |
Swimming | [
"grabs the help of the woman.",
"holds on to the woman as she swim.",
"lets go and swims near the woman.",
"walks out of the pool."
] | 2 | lets go and swims near the woman. | hellaswag | A woman and a young girl swim in a pool. The young girl holds on to the woman as she swims. the young girl the young girl |
Vaccination causing intussusception - | [
"Rotavirus",
"Parvovirus",
"Poliovirus",
"BCG"
] | 0 | Rotavirus | medmcqa | In 1999, a highly efficacious rotavirus vaccine, Rotashield licensed in the United States, was withdrawn from the market after less than one year because of its association with intussusception. |
Trimming branches or hedges | [
"shows the combination of the shears and the bushes.",
"shows how the shears can be used effectively in hard to reach places.",
"walks back and forth toward the morning sun.",
"plants a discussion with an ombre hedge standing on the middle of the yard."
] | 1 | shows how the shears can be used effectively in hard to reach places. | hellaswag | A man wearing a purple sweater is demonstrating how to use garden shears. He is trimming the hedges and bushes in the yard. he he |
Eight-year-old Jesse Abrogate was playing in the sea late one evening in July 2001 when a 7-foot bull shark attacked him and tore off his arm. Jesse's uncle jumped into the sea and dragged the boy to the store. The boy was not breathing. His aunt gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation while his uncle rang the emergency ... | [
"Feeding a hungry shark",
"Jumping into a rough sea",
"Dragging a boy to the shore",
"Swimming in a dangerous area"
] | 3 | Swimming in a dangerous area | mmlu | |
Now someone pounds at someone's rib cage. Someone | [
"joins the others near the radio.",
"hangs off the ladder and shuts the door behind him.",
"leans forward, delivering an egg locked into the pan.",
"goes back to the situated room."
] | 0 | joins the others near the radio. | swag | Now someone pounds at someone's rib cage. |
Bile is concentrated in the gallbladder to _______ times | [
"5",
"10",
"20",
"50"
] | 0 | 5 | medmcqa | Functions of Gallbladder Reservoir of bile Concentration of bile 5-10 times Secretion of mucus, 20ml/day by tubuloalveolar glands Acidification of bile Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1482 |
A closeup of a bike is shown followed by a person unscrewing the handles on the bike and adjusting the sides. The person then | [
"screwed it a light in front of the handlebars and holds them in place.",
"continues playing the instrument while looking down and moving the instrument to the camera.",
"puts the bike in and begins putting on various skis while speaking to the camera.",
"puts the tire on a machine while he creating the porch... | 0 | screwed it a light in front of the handlebars and holds them in place. | swag | A closeup of a bike is shown followed by a person unscrewing the handles on the bike and adjusting the sides. |
Prolactin is secreted by | [
"Anterior pituitary",
"Adrenal gland",
"Posterior pituitary",
"Ovary"
] | 0 | Anterior pituitary | medmcqa | Prolactin a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes the growth of breast tissue and stimulates and sustains milk production in postpaum mammals, and shows luteotropic activity in ceain mammals. Called also lactogenic hormone and mammotropin.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th editio... |
Making a cake | [
"are cut in half, he then places them on a plate and goes up and down getting more to them.",
"are sliced, he pushes them on a plate and begins spreading butter into all the sides and cutting up tomatoes and other ingredients.",
"are made, they are put onto plates that are rolled out on a wooden bench.",
"are... | 3 | are cut out and iced together, the fondant is placed on the cake as well as the icing and the desert is complete. | hellaswag | A real chef then appears and begins cutting small layers of cakes and adding them together. once all the layers of the cake once all the layers of the cake |
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