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Key Stage 5 is a label used to describe the two years of education for students aged 16–18 and at sixth form or college. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, aligning with previous Key Stages as labelled for the National Curriculum.
Key Stage 5 is also the stage of education where students go through more intense and challenging courses in very specific subjects like mathematics and physics. This stage is the last stage of secondary education for members of sixth form. When A levels are achieved, the students will be able to apply for university.
See also
Key Stage
Key Stage 1
Key Stage 2
Key Stage 3
Key Stage 4
GCE Advanced Level
School terminology
Educational stages
Secondary education in England
Secondary education in Wales
Secondary education in Northern Ireland | wiki |
Hop Fastpass is a contactless smart card for public transit fare payment on most transit modes in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area including MAX Light Rail, WES commuter rail, Portland Streetcar, The Vine, and all TriMet and C-TRAN buses. An initial release to the general public began on July 5, 2017, with the official launch on July 17. The program is managed by TriMet.
The Hop card is a purple credit card-sized stored-value contactless smartcard that can hold a cash value or day or monthly passes for various systems. Because all terminals that read Hop cards can also accept NFC-based mobile payment, "virtual" Hop cards are available for use on any iOS or Android smartphone supporting Apple Pay or Google Wallet respectively; these are functionally identical to physical cards. Day or month passes allowing unlimited rides within the given time frame can be "earned" by purchasing an amount in single fares equal to the cost of the pass; a year pass, which costs as much as 11 earned month passes, can also be purchased up-front. Passengers must tap on each time they enter the system by holding the card to an electronic reader to validate a pass or deduct funds. Cards can be reloaded using a credit or debit card online, using a mobile app, calling a toll-free number, or at local retailers and ticket offices. Cash can be used when reloading the card in person.
Background
Prior to the introduction of electronic payments on the network, paper tickets and passes were used by Portland-area transit agencies. The tickets needed to be validated at ticket validators on the Streetcar or at MAX and WES stations. They did not offer fare exchange or extension. Installation of Hop readers began in March 2015, and was completed by the end of 2016. A public beta began in February 2017. The system cost $35.9 million to install and test at the time of its public release.
Technology
The Hop Card uses ISO 14443-compliant RFID technology allowing the card to be read/written without direct contact. The card uses the NXP/Philips MIFARE DESFire EV1 256B. Hop Card readers can also read information from contactless bank cards and mobile wallets.
Brand
The card's initial design is an ISO 7810 standard-sized purple card, with the Hop logo, and the logos of the three participating transit agencies at the top, and a colored bar at the bottom. The colored bar indicates the type of card: purple for standard adult fares, green for "honored citizen" which includes seniors, low-income riders, and riders with disabilities, and orange for youth cards. Cards also have a hole punched in them for use with a lanyard.
The Hop name was chosen in September 2015, beating out other candidates, including 1Pass, Indigo, Umbrella, Via and Lynx, that were proposed in 2014. Its name references both rabbits and the hops used in craft beers brewed in Portland.
Sales
Hop cards can be purchased at any participating transit agencies' ticket offices, as well as local grocery and convenience stores.
Use
The card must be tapped each time the system is entered or a transfer is made. It can be tapped on boarding a bus or streetcar, or tapped before boarding the light rail, commuter rail, or BRT. On tapping the card a display shows the time remaining on the current ticket or pass. It also displays any relevant low-balance alerts with an audible sound. There is no penalty for tapping the card more than once within the duration of a ticket. Unlike some systems, there is no need to tap out when leaving the system since fare is the same regardless of the point of exit.
Ticketing/pricing
The network's fares are time-based rather than distance or segment-based. Tickets are available for unlimited travel over the course of 2.5 hours, one day, one month, or one year. Hop's fare capping system prevents riders from being charged more than the cost of a day pass during one day, or the cost of a monthly pass in the course of a month. This allows riders the benefits of a day or a monthly pass without the upfront cost, or the need to purchase one in advance.
The card can be reloaded online, over the phone, or with the Hop app using a credit or debit card. It can also be reloaded using a credit card or cash anywhere it can be purchased. Hop cards do not expire (except honored citizen cards, which must be renewed every two years). Once a loaded pass expires it can be reloaded with a new one. TriMet has said it projects a card will last 10 years.
Mobile wallets
On May 21, 2019 TriMet announced that Hop could be added to Google Wallet and Apple Wallet by using the Hop Fastpass app on either Android or iOS. Hop was the first transit card in North America to launch availability in both Google Wallet and Apple Wallet. Virtual Hop cards are functionally identical to their physical counterparts, allowing for the same fare capping rules, and allowing riders to purchase concession fares. Hop also allows riders to convert physical cards onto either mobile payment system.
See also
List of smart cards
Notes
References
External links
Fare collection systems in the United States
Contactless smart cards
Public transportation in Oregon
2017 establishments in Oregon
2017 establishments in Washington (state)
TriMet
Transportation in Clark County, Washington | wiki |
The Southern Local Supervoid is a tremendously large, nearly empty region of space (a void).
It lies next to the Local Supercluster, which contains our galaxy the Milky Way. Its center is 96 megaparsecs away and the void is 112 megaparsecs in diameter across its narrowest width. Its volume is very approximately 600 billion times that of the Milky Way. See volumes of similar orders of magnitude.
See also
List of largest voids
KBC Void
References
Voids (astronomy) | wiki |
The Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, was enacted by the Janata Party which had won the 1977general elections campaigning on a promise to "restore the Constitution to the condition it was in before the Emergency". The Amendment aimed to undo several changes that had been made to the Constitution by the 42ndAmendment which had been enacted by the Indira Gandhi-led Indian National Congress during the Emergency.
Legislative history
The bill of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 16December 1977 as the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977. It was introduced by Shanti Bhushan, Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs. The bill sought to amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 74, 77, 83, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360, 366, 368 and 371F and the Seventh and Ninth Schedules to the Constitution; substitute new articles for articles 71, 103 and 192; insert new articles 134A, 361A and Chapter IV in Part XIII of the Constitution; and omit articles 31, 257A and 329A and Part XIVA of the Constitution. The Bill also sought repeal sections 18, 19, 21, 22, 31, 32, 34, 35, 58 and 59 of the 42nd Amendment Act.
The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 and 23 August 1978. Clauses 1, 15 and 26 of the Bill were adopted by the Lok Sabha on 22 August with formal amendments to replace the word "Forty-fifth" with the word "Forty-fourth". Clauses 2 to 14, 16 to 20, 23 to 25, 27 to 40 and 42 to 49 were adopted in their original form. Clause 21, 22, and 41 of the bill were adopted by the House with amendments. The Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha on 23 August.
The Bill, as passed by the Lok Sabha, was considered by the Rajya Sabha on 28, 29, 30 and 31 August. Clauses 1, 15 and 26 of the Bill were adopted by the Rajya Sabha on 31 August. However, the House rejected some clauses of the Bill. The motion to adopt clauses 8, 44 and 45 which would have amended articles 31C, 366 and 368 respectively failed to secure the required supermajority. Clause 35 of the Bill which sought to omit Part XIV-A of the Constitution also did not receive support. The Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha with amendments on 31 August.
The Bill, as amended by the Rajya Sabha, was considered by the Lok Sabha on 6 and 7 December. The House accepted the amendement made by the Rajya Sabha and the bill passed by the Lok Saba on 7 December 1978. The bill, after ratification by the states, received assent from President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy and was notified in The Gazette of India on 30 April 1979. Sections 2, 4 to 16, 22, 23, 25 to 29, 31 to 42, 44 and 45 came into force on the same date, Sections 17 to 21 and 30 came into force on 1 August 1979, and Sections 24 and 43 came into force on 6 September 1979.
Ratification
The Act was passed in accordance with the provisions of Article 368 of the Constitution, and was ratified by more than half of the State Legislatures, as required under Clause (2) of the said article. State Legislatures that ratified the amendment are listed below:
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Nagaland
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
Did not ratify:
Karnataka
Jammu and Kashmir
Kerala
Uttar Pradesh
Tripura
References
Constitution of India
The Emergency (India) | wiki |
Clapboard may refer to:
Clapboard (architecture), a building material
Clapperboard, a film production tool
Clapboard Creek, a stream in New Jersey in the United States | wiki |
Europium oxide is a compound from the two elements europium and oxygen.
Europium oxide may refer to:
Europium(II) oxide (europium monoxide, EuO) a magnetic semiconductor.
Europium(III) oxide (europium sesquioxide, Eu2O3), the most common oxide.
Europium compounds | wiki |
In mathematical logic, an abstract logic is a formal system consisting of a class of sentences and a satisfaction relation with specific properties related to occurrence, expansion, isomorphism, renaming and quantification.
Based on Lindström's characterization, first-order logic is, up to equivalence, the only abstract logic that is countably compact and has Löwenheim number ω.
See also
References
Mathematical logic | wiki |
Winter is Coming may refer to:
"Winter Is Coming", the pilot episode and motto of House Stark, on the HBO television series Game of Thrones
Game of Thrones: Winter Is Coming, a video game based on the show
Winter Is Coming: The Medieval World of Game of Thrones, a book written by Carolyne Larrington
Winter Is Coming: Why Vladimir Putin and the Enemies of the Free World Must Be Stopped, a book written by Russian chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov
"Winter Is Coming", 2007 song, by Radical Face
AEW Winter Is Coming, an annual professional wrestling event by All Elite Wrestling (AEW)
See also
The Winter Is Coming, an album by Elf Power
"Winter Is Coming Here Soon", a song from Jimmy Barnes' Och Aye the G'nu children's album | wiki |
A gadget is a small technological object such as a device or an appliance that has a particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty.
Gadget may also refer to:
Media
Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure, also known as Gadget: Past as Future, a 1993 videogame
The Gadget (novel), a 2001 young-adult novel by Paul Zindel
Characters
GADGET, a robot character in the Doctor Who episode The Waters of Mars
Gadget, a fictional robot from the Suikoden series of video games
Gadget Hackwrench, a young female mouse in from the TV series Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers
Gadgets, a series of machine-type monsters in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game
Gary "Gadget" Flowers, a character in the This Is England series of films
Inspector Gadget, the titular character of the animated series of the same name.
People
Fad Gadget (born 1956), British avant-garde electronic musician and vocalist
Little Nobody (also Funk Gadget), Australian musician and writer
Next Time Gadget (born 1980), American electronic musician
Reverend Gadget, steel fabrication artist, craftsman, prop builder, and television personality
Science
The gadget, the code name given to the first bomb tested as part of the Trinity nuclear test
Technology
GADGET, a free software for cosmological N-body/SPH simulations
Gadget (computer science), a subset of a problem instance
Gadget (machine instruction sequence), a sequence of computer instructions used in security exploit techniques
Google Gadgets, dynamic web content that can be embedded on a web page
Microsoft Gadgets, lightweight single-purpose applications
See also
Gizmo (disambiguation)
Widget (disambiguation) | wiki |
Anthony Jones (born 1962) is an English photographer known for his black and white photos of the urban environment.
Jones was born in London, but moved to East Anglia during his childhood. He uses a Hasselblad medium format camera to make black and white, square, silver-gelatin prints of London and the Art Deco masterpiece, Battersea Power Station. His work has been exhibited at the Victoria and Albert Museum and photo galleries, published in photography magazines, and licensed by the Corbis stock photography library. Jones' self-portrait has been exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery, London.
His work is part of a six-month group exhibition at the Fox Talbot Museum, Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire.
Sources
Interview with Sophie Martin-Castex
Interview for Precious Magazine
Roger Watson on Anthony Jones
Elizabeth Avedon blog : Anthony Jones
Canary Wharf snaps help world famous photo museum
External links
Jones's site
Anthony Jones talks about "Once We Were Africans" (BBC article)
1962 births
Living people
English photographers
British portrait photographers | wiki |
Chautauqua Auditorium may refer to
Chautauqua Auditorium (Boulder, Colorado)
Chautauqua Auditorium (Shelbyville, Illinois)
Chautauqua Auditorium (Waxahachie, Texas) | wiki |
Headgear, headwear, or headdress includes any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types. Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or for religious or cultural reasons, including social conventions.
Purposes
Protection or defence
Headgear may be worn for protection against cold (such as the Canadian tuque), heat, rain and other precipitation, glare, sunburn, sunstroke, dust, contaminants, etc. Helmets are worn for protection in battle or against impact, for instance when riding bicycles or motor vehicles. There are also hats that are worn for protection from the cold.
Fashion
Headgear can be an article of fashion, usually hats, caps or hoods. The formal man's black silk top hat was formerly an indispensable portion of the suit, and women's hats have, over the years, attained a fantastic number of shapes ranging from immense confections to no more than a few bits of cloth and decorations piled on top of the head. Some hats, such as Deep Blue Sea, are showpiece creations created more as works of art than as practical items of fashion, and may be worth thousands or millions of dollars.
Religious significance
Some headgear is worn for religious reasons.
In Judaism, men cover their heads out of reverence for God. Jewish religious headgear for men include small cloth skull-caps, called kippahs or yarmulkes. Some men wear them at all times, others only in the synagogue. In Orthodox and Hasidic Judaism, the kippah may also be additionally covered by hats such as fedoras or shtreimels. Traditional married Jewish women cover their hair in various ways, such as with headscarfs, called tichels, snoods, shpitzels or wigs, called "sheitels", according to the principles and halacha of tzniut.
Traditionally, Christian women are required to wear a headcovering as taught in (the same text teaches that men are to pray and worship with their head uncovered), which has been practiced since the time of the early Church and continues to be observed universally in certain denominations, such as in Conservative Anabaptist churches. The style of the headcovering varies by region, though the early Church's Apostolic Tradition specifies that Christian headcovering is to be observed with an "opaque cloth, not with a veil of thin linen". With respect to Christian clergy, the zucchetto worn by Roman Catholic hierarchs is a skull-cap. Other forms of apostolic headgear include the mitre, biretta, tasselled cardinal's hat, and the papal tiara. Orthodox Christian clergy and monastics often wear a skufia, a kamilavkion, or a klobuk. The term red hat, when used within the Roman Catholic Church, refers to the appointment of a Cardinal, a senior "Prince of the Church", who is a member of the electoral college that chooses the Pope. On being appointed to the cardinalate, he is said to have received the red hat, or cardinal's biretta. In Lutheranism, many clergy wear the ruff and in Anglicanism, the Canterbury cap is popular among pastors.
Male Sikhs are required to wear turbans. Some Sikh women also wear a turban; however it is not a requirement for female Sikhs. Turbans are also worn by Muslims, especially Shia Muslims, who regard turban-wearing as Sunnah Mu'akkadah (confirmed tradition).
In Islam, the hijab, or headscarf, is worn by women because it is considered modest. Muslim men also sometimes wear a skullcap called a "kufi" or taqiyah (cap), especially during prayers. Headgear differs from culture to culture, and some Muslims' headgear is not related to their religion, such as the turbans worn in Saudi Arabia. The doppa, originating in the Caucasus, is worn by Kazan Tatars, Uzbeks and Uyghurs. Muslim men in Indonesia and Malaysia often seen wear a kopiah, but its use pre-dates the arrival of Islam in the region.
The black satin headgear called or known as "fenta" or "topi" is a pillbox-shaped skullcap, worn by Zoroastrians. It is considered by some in the Zoroastrian religion to be of vital spiritual importance. In earlier times, a saucer-shaped, red-and-white-striped kipah was the hallmark of the Zoroastrian.
Buddhist priests in China wear the bao-tzu (more commonly known as the mao-tzu, 帽子 Mandarin màozi), the classic skullcap that is the most like the Jewish tradition. In Japan, the cap is more in the form of a pillbox and is called the boshi (帽子). Though not of ecclesiastical significance, the Buddhist skullcap does denote something about the priest's standing in the community.
Symbol of status or office
Headgear such as crowns and tiaras are worn in recognition of noble status especially among royalty. Wigs are worn traditionally by judges and barristers of Commonwealth nations. Feathered headpieces, such as the war bonnet of Plains Indian cultures, are worn by various Native North American and South American indigenous peoples.
Other uses
Other purposes of headgear include:
keeping hair contained or tidy (including scrunchies, ball caps, etc.)
medical purposes, such as orthodontic headgear
modesty or social convention
sport uniform
traditional ceremonies
Types
Bonnets
Bonnets, as worn by women and girls, were hats worn outdoors which were secured by tying under the chin, and often which had some kind of peak or visor. Some styles of bonnets had peaks so large that they effectively prevented women from looking right or left without turning their heads. Bonnets worn by men and boys are generally distinguished from hats by being soft and having no brim—this usage is now rare (they would normally be called caps today, except in Scotland where the "bunnet" is common in both civilian life and in the Royal Regiment of Scotland).
Caps
Caps are generally soft and often have no brim or just a peak (like on a baseball cap). For many centuries women wore a variety of head-coverings which were called caps. For example, in the 18th and 19th centuries a cap was a kind of head covering made of a flimsy fabric such as muslin; it was worn indoors or under a bonnet by married women, or older unmarried women who were "on the shelf" (e.g. mob-cap). An ochipok is part of traditional Ukrainian costume.
Crowns
Some headgear, such as the crown, coronet, and tiara, have evolved into jewelry. These headgear are worn as a symbol of nobility or royal status. Kokoshnik is part of Russian traditional dress, often worn by nobility.
Fillets
A fillet or circlet is a round band worn around the head and over the hair. Elaborate and costly versions of these eventually evolved into crowns, but fillets could be made from woven bands of fabric, leather, beads or metal. Fillets are unisex, and are especially prevalent in archaic to Renaissance dress.
Hair covers
Hairnets are used to prevent loose hair from contaminating food or work areas. A snood is a net or fabric bag pinned or tied on at the back of a woman's head for holding the hair. Scarves are used to protect styled hair or keep it tidy. Shower caps and swim caps prevent hair from becoming wet or entangled during activity.
Hats
Hats often have a brim all the way around the rim, and may be either placed on the head, or secured with hat-pins (which are pushed through the hat and the hair). Depending on the type of hat, they may be properly worn by men, by women or by both sexes.
Helmets
Helmets are designed to protect the head, and sometimes the neck, from injury. They are usually rigid, and offer protection from blows. Helmets are commonly worn in battle, on construction sites and in many contact sports (most commonly being associated with American football). In most of the United States they are required by law for anyone operating a range of vehicles including motorcycles, and sometimes extending to bicycles and skateboards.
Hoods
Modern hoods are generally soft headcoverings which are an integral part of a larger garment, like an overcoat, shirt or cloak.
Historically, hoods were either similar to modern hoods, or a separate form of headgear. In medieval Europe hoods with short capes, called chaperons in French, were extremely common, and later evolved into elaborate and adaptable hats. Women's hoods varied from close-fitting, soft headgear to stiffened, structured hoods (e.g. gable hoods, hennins or French hoods) or very large coverings made of material over a frame which fashionable women wore over towering wigs or hairstyles to protect them from the elements (e.g. calash).
Masks
A mask is worn over part or all of the face, frequently to disguise the wearer, but sometimes to protect the face. Masks are often worn for pleasure to disguise the wearer at fancy dress parties, masked balls, during Halloween or other festivals, or as part of an artistic performance. They may also be worn by criminals to prevent recognition or as camouflage while they commit a crime. Masks which physically protect the wearer vary in design, from guard bars across the face in the case of ice hockey goalkeepers, to facial enclosures which purify or control the wearer's air supply, as in gas masks.
Orthodontic headgear
Orthodontic headgear is used to control the growth of the maxillary and mandibular bones during orthodontic treatment. The most common treatment headgear is used to correct anteroposterior discrepancies. The headgear attaches to the braces via metal hooks or a facebow. Straps or a head cap anchor the headgear to the back of the head or neck. In some situations, both are used.
Elastic bands are used to apply pressure to the bow or hooks which is then transferred to the patients teeth and jaw. Its purpose is to slow or stop the upper jaw from growing, thereby preventing or correcting an overjet. Other forms of headgear treat reverse overjets, in which the top jaw is not forward enough. It is similar to a facemask, also attached to braces, and encourages forward growth of the upper jaw.
Turbans
Turbans are headgear, mostly for males, made up from a single piece of cloth which is wrapped around the head in a wide variety of styles. Turban is the best known word in English for a large category of headgear and general head wraps traditionally worn in many parts of the world. All over the world Sikhs wear a turban as religious headgear.
Turbans for women are a popular choice during chemotherapy treatment as an alternative to wigs, hats, headscarves and headbands. Sikh women also wear turbans as a religious practice. Turbans for women made in natural fabrics are both comfortable and functional. The Breast Cancer Care booklet, Breast Cancer and Hair Loss, suggests: "You may want to wear a soft hat or turban in bed to collect loose hairs."
Veils and head wraps
A veil is a piece of sheer fabric that covers all or part of the face. For centuries women covered their hair, neck, ears, chin, and parts of the face with fabric. Each culture created elaborate head wraps for women and men using a shawl, headscarf, kerchief or veil. Very elaborate veiling practices are common in Islam, Africa and Eastern Europe. Women who don't cover their head on a regular basis, often use a veil in traditional wedding and funeral ceremonies.
Wigs
Wigs are headpieces made from natural or synthetic hair which may be worn to disguise baldness or thin hair, or as part of a costume. A toupee may be worn by a man to cover partial baldness. In most Commonwealth nations, special wigs are also worn by barristers, judges, and certain parliamentary officials as a symbol of the office.
Culture-specific types
Dhari
The dhari, also spelt dhoeri, is a distinctive headdress worn by men of the Torres Strait Islands, which lie in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea, for dance performances or cultural ceremonies. It is traditionally made with a pearl shell or turtle shell in the middle and decorated with white feathers, traditionally from the frigate bird or Torres Strait pigeon, although now made with a variety of materials. The head is often shaken to produce a shimmering effect while dancing. Dhari, the word used in the eastern islands of the strait, is the Meriam Mir word for "headdress". In the central and western islands, it is known as dhoeri, in the Kala Lagaw Ya language of those islands.
The dhari is today a potent symbol for Torres Strait Islander people, and used in the Torres Strait Islander Flag. Torres Strait Islander artists such as Alick Tipoti and Ken Thaiday Snr create dhari as artworks.
War bonnet
War bonnets, which usually include an array of feathers, are worn mostly by men in various Plains Indian cultures in the United States. They are linked to status, culture and ceremony, and have to be given as gifts as a mark of respect for the receiver.
Etiquette
In the Western culture derived from Christian tradition, removing one's headgear is a sign of respect, especially indoors, making oneself more open, humble or vulnerable, much like bowing or kneeling. This is as if to say, "I acknowledge that you are more powerful than I am, I make myself vulnerable to show I pose no threat to you and respect you." Men's hats are removed in Church, and not removing them is usually frowned upon. Women, however, are required to wear a hat to cover the head in some churches based on 1 Corinthians 11:5.
In the Jewish tradition, the converse idea equally shows respect for the superior authority of God. Wearing a kippah or yarmulke means the wearer is acknowledging the vast gulf of power, wisdom, and authority that separates God from mankind. It is a sign of humility to wear a yarmulke. There is a common phrase that explains this, saying that "there's always something above" one who is wearing a yarmulke, helping one remember one is human and God is infinite. A Talmudic quote speaks of a righteous man who would "not walk (six feet) with an uncovered head, the (spirit of God) is always above him". Jews also may wear a fur hat or a black hat with a brim.
In Islamic etiquette, wearing headgear, traditionally the taqiyah (cap), is permissible while saying prayers at a mosque.
In the military, there are specific rules about when and where to wear a hat. Hats are generally worn outdoors only, at sea as well as on land; however, personnel carrying firearms typically also wear their hats indoors. Removing one's hat is also a form of salute. Many schools also have this rule due to the fact that many younger men tend to wear baseball caps and this being in relations to gangs depending on the side in which the hat is worn.
A hat can be raised (briefly removed and replaced, with either hand), or "tipped" (touched or tilted forward) as a greeting.
See also
List of headgear
List of hat styles
Chapeaugraphy—an act in which a ring of felt is shaped to resemble many hat types
Mathabana
References
External links
The Head Covering Movement Christian head covering in the US
Headgear Fashion Plates from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
Headgear by country
Military uniforms
zh:帽子 | wiki |
Why Should I Care may refer to:
"Why Should I Care", a song recorded by Toni Braxton from the album Secrets (Toni Braxton album)
"Why Should I Care", a song recorded by Diana Krall from the album When I Look in Your Eyes
"Why Should I Care", a song recorded by Sara Evans from the album Born to Fly | wiki |
The primary gustatory cortex is a brain structure responsible for the perception of taste. It consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe. Because of its composition the primary gustatory cortex is sometimes referred to in literature as the AI/FO(Anterior Insula/Frontal Operculum). By using extracellular unit recording techniques, scientists have elucidated that neurons in the AI/FO respond to sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, and sourness, and they code the intensity of the taste stimulus.
Role in the taste pathway
Like the olfactory system, the taste system is defined by its specialized peripheral receptors and central pathways that relay and process taste information. Peripheral taste receptors are found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and the upper part of the esophagus. Taste cells synapse with primary sensory axons that run in the chorda tympani and greater superficial petrosal branches of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), and the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (Cranial nerve X) to innervate the taste buds in the tongue, palate, epiglottis, and esophagus respectively. The central axons of these primary sensory neurons in the respective cranial nerve ganglia project to rostral and lateral regions of the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla, which is also known as the gustatory nucleus of the solitary tract complex. Axons from the rostral (gustatory) part of the solitary nucleus project to the ventral posterior complex of the thalamus, where they terminate in the medial half of the ventral posterior medial nucleus. This nucleus projects in turn to several regions of the neocortex which includes the gustatory cortex (the frontal operculum and the insula), which becomes activated when the subject is consuming and experiencing taste.
Functionality and stimulation
There have been many studies done to observe the functionality of the primary gustatory cortex and associated structures with various chemical and electrical stimulations as well as observations of patients with lesions and GC epileptic focus. It has been reported that electrical stimulation of the lingual nerve, chorda tympani, and a lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve elicit evoked field potential in the frontal operculum. Electrical stimulation of the insula in the human elicit gustatory sensations. Gustatory information is conveyed to the orbitofrontal cortex, the secondary gustatory cortex from the AI/FO. Studies have shown that 8% of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex respond to taste stimuli, and a part of these neurons are finely tuned to particular taste stimuli. It has also been shown in monkeys that the responses of orbitofrontal neurons to taste decreased when the monkey eats to satiety. Furthermore neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex respond to the visual, and/or olfactory stimuli in addition to the gustatory stimulus. These results suggest that gustatory neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex may play an important role in food identification and selection. A patient study reported that damage in the rostral part of the insula caused gustatory disturbance, as well as taste recognition and intensity deficits in patients with insular cortex lesions. It has also been reported that a patient who had an epileptic focus in the frontal operculum and epileptic activity in the focus produced a disagreeable taste. Activation in the insula also takes place when exposed to gustatory imagery. Studies compared the activated regions in subjects shown food pictures to those shown location pictures and found that food pictures activated the right insula/operculum and the left orbitofrontal cortex.
Chemosensory neurons
Chemosensory neurons are those that discriminate between tastant as well as between the presence or absence of a tastant. In these neurons, the responses to reinforced (stimulated by tastant) licks in rats were greater than to those for the unreinforced (not stimulated by tastant) licks. They found that 34.2% of the GC neurons exhibited chemosensory responses. The remaining neurons discriminate between reinforced and unreinforced licks, or process task related information.
Tastant concentration-dependent neuronal activity
GC chemosensory neurons exhibit concentration-dependent responses. In a study done on GC responses in rats during licking, an increase in MSG (monosodium glutamate) concentration lingual exposure resulted in an increase in firing rate in the rat GC neurons, whereas an increase in sucrose concentration resulted in a decrease in firing rate. GC neurons exhibit rapid and selective response to tastants. Sodium chloride and sucrose elicited the largest response in the rat gustatory cortex in rats, whereas citric acid causes only a moderate increase in activity in a single neuron. Chemosensory GC neurons are broadly tuned, meaning that a larger percentage of them respond to a larger number of tastants (4 and 5) as compared to the lower percentage responding to a fewer number of tastants (1 and 2). In addition, the number of neurons responding to a certain tastant stimulus varies. In the rat gustatory complex study, it was shown that more neurons responded to MSG, NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid (all activating approximately the same percentage of neurons) as compared to the compounds quinine (QHCl) and water.
Responsiveness to changes in concentration
Studies using the Gustatory cortex of the rat model have shown that GC neurons exhibit complex responses to changes in concentration of tastant. For one tastant, the same neuron might increase its firing rate whereas for another tastant, it may only be responsive to an intermediate concentration. In studies of chemosensory GC neurons, it was evident that few chemosensory GC neurons monotonically increased or decreased their firing rates in response to changes in concentration of tastants (such as MSG, NaCl, and sucrose), the vast majority of them responded to concentration changes in a complex manner. In such instances with several concentration tastants tested, the middle concentration might evoke the highest firing rate (like 0.1 M sucrose), or the highest and lowest concentrations might elicit the highest rates (NaCl ), or the neuron might respond to only one concentration.
GC neurons cohere and interact during tasting. GC neurons interact across milliseconds, and these interactions are taste specific and define distinct but overlapping neural assemblies that respond to the presence of each tastant by undergoing coupled changes in firing rate. These couplings are used to discriminate between tastants. Coupled changes in firing rate are the underlying source of GC interactions. Subsets of neurons in GC become coupled after presentation of particular tastants and the responses of neurons in that ensemble change in ''''
Taste familiarity
GC units signal taste familiarity at a delayed temporal phase of the response. An analysis suggests that specific neuronal populations participate in the processing of familiarity for specific tastants. Furthermore, the neural signature of familiarity is correlated with familiarization with a specific tastant rather than with any tastant. This signature is evident 24 hours after initial exposure. This persistent cortical representation of taste familiarity requires slow post-acquisition processing to develop. This process may be related to the activation of neurotransmitter receptors, modulation of gene expression, and posttranslational modifications detected in the insular cortex in the first hours after the consumption of an unfamiliar taste.
References
Cerebral cortex
Gustatory system | wiki |
Bellis annua subsp. microcephala is a species of daisy in the genus Bellis and is a subspecies of Bellis annua. It is endemic to parts of western Europe and north Africa.
References
annua subsp. microcephala
Plants described in 1879
Flora of Spain
Flora of Tunisia
Flora of Portugal
Flora of Algeria
Flora of Morocco
Flora of Libya | wiki |
The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants is an American animated web television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television that is based on the film Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie, which in turn is based on the Captain Underpants series of books by Dav Pilkey.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2018)
Season 2 (2019)
Season 3 (2019)
The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants in Space! (2020)
Specials (2019–2020)
In October 2019, Netflix released a 46-minute Halloween special of the series titled The Spooky Tale of Captain Underpants: Hack-a-Ween. In February 2020, an interactive special titled Captain Underpants: Epic Choice O' Rama was released. In December 2020, a 46-minute Christmas special titled Captain Underpants: Mega Blissmas was released.
References
External links
Epic Tales of Captain Underpants | wiki |
Está é a lista completa de filmes da atriz Norte-americana Annette Bening.
Filmes e Séries
Ligações externas
Bening | wiki |
Progressing Ballet Technique (PBT) is a program developed by Marie Walton-Mahon to help students advance in all dance forms by training muscle memory.
PBT focuses on core stability, weight placement and alignment. PBT is practiced internationally.
References
Ballet technique | wiki |
Bellis annua subsp. minuta is a subspecies of daisy in the genus Bellis and is a subspecies of Bellis annua. It is endemic to the areas of the eastern and central Mediterranean.
References
annua subsp. minuta
Flora of Italy
Flora of Cyprus
Flora of Crete
Flora of Sardinia
Plants described in 1985 | wiki |
Blue Mind: The Surprising Science That Shows How Being Near, In, On, Or Under Water Can Make You Happier, Healthier, More Connected, and Better at What You Do is a bestselling book by marine biologist Wallace J. Nichols about the effects bodies of water have on human health and well-being.
Contents
The book covers "therapeutic landscapes" as they are referred to in medical literature, specifically ones that are near, in, or on the water. The book analyzes studies that suggest living or simply being near bodies of water can have powerful psychological and even physiological effects.
Human condition
Blue Mind considers the impact of water on the human condition. The book considers the impacts of water on mental health. Nichols told Quartz:
Research
Blue Mind compiles and analyzes recent scientific research that has shown water's favorable cognitive and physical impacts being quantified by experts. The book shows proof that living near the shore, for example, has been shown to boost physical health and well-being. It also provides evidence that water generates a meditative state, which makes us happier, healthier, calmer, and more creative.
Reception
The book was received well by critics, and made The New York Times Best Seller list. A review from The Guardian labeled Blue Mind "popular psychology", calling it "a study in water and why it makes us happy". A review from the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography said "Blue Mind is an interesting read and presents a different perspective on water than we typically think about during the course of our hectic days."
References
Non-fiction books
Self-help books
Books about science | wiki |
Line regulation is the ability of a power supply to maintain a constant output voltage despite changes to the input voltage, with the output current drawn from the power supply remaining constant.
where ΔVi is the change in input voltage while ΔVo is the corresponding change in output voltage.
It is desirable for a power supply to maintain a stable output regardless of changes in the input voltage. The line regulation is important when the input voltage source is unstable or unregulated and this would result in significant variations in the output voltage. The line regulation for an unregulated power supply is usually very high for a majority of operations, but this can be improved by using a voltage regulator. A low line regulation is always preferred. In practice, a well regulated power supply should have a line regulation of at most 0.1%.
In the regulator device datasheets the line regulation is expressed as percent change in output with respect to change in input per volt of the output. Mathematically it is expressed as:
The unit here is %/V. For example, In the ABLIC Inc. S1206-series regulator device the typical line regulation is expressed as 0.05%/V which means that the change in the output with respect to change in the input of the regulator device is 0.05%, when the output of the device is set at 1V. Moreover, the line regulation of the device expressed in the datasheet is temperature dependent. Usually the datasheets mention line regulation at 25 °C.
See also
Load regulation
Linear regulator
Notes
Electrical power control | wiki |
Can't Keep a Good Man Down may refer to:
"Can't Keep a Good Man Down" (Eddie Money song), 1978
"Can't Keep a Good Man Down" (Alabama song), 1985
Can't Keep a Good Man Down, a 2001 album by rapper Lil Rob
"Can't Keep A Good Man Down", a 1999 song by NewSong | wiki |
Postsynaptic potentials are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse. Postsynaptic potentials are graded potentials, and should not be confused with action potentials although their function is to initiate or inhibit action potentials. They are caused by the presynaptic neuron releasing neurotransmitters from the terminal bouton at the end of an axon into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic terminal, which may be a neuron or a muscle cell in the case of a neuromuscular junction. These are collectively referred to as postsynaptic receptors, since they are on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell.
The role of ions
One way receptors can react to being bound by a neurotransmitter is to open or close an ion channel, allowing ions to enter or leave the cell. It is these ions that alter the membrane potential. Ions are subject to two main forces, diffusion and electrostatic repulsion. Ions will tend towards their equilibrium potential, which is the state where the diffusion force cancels out the force of electrostatic repulsion. When a membrane is at its equilibrium potential, there is no longer a net movement of ions. Two important equations that can determine membrane potential differences based on ion concentrations are the Nernst Equation and the Goldman Equation.
Relation to action potentials
Neurons have a resting potential of about −70 mV. If the opening of the ion channel results in a net gain of positive charge across the membrane, the membrane is said to be depolarized, as the potential comes closer to zero. This is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), as it brings the neuron's potential closer to its firing threshold (about −55 mV).
If, on the other hand, the opening of the ion channel results in a net gain of negative charge, this moves the potential further from zero and is referred to as hyperpolarization. This is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), as it changes the charge across the membrane to be further from the firing threshold.
Neurotransmitters are not inherently excitatory or inhibitory: different receptors for the same neurotransmitter may open different types of ion channels.
EPSPs and IPSPs are transient changes in the membrane potential, and EPSPs resulting from transmitter release at a single synapse are generally far too small to trigger a spike in the postsynaptic neuron. However, a neuron may receive synaptic inputs from hundreds, if not thousands, of other neurons, with varying amounts of simultaneous input, so the combined activity of afferent neurons can cause large fluctuations in membrane potential or subthreshold membrane potential oscillations. If the postsynaptic cell is sufficiently depolarized, an action potential will occur. For example, in low-threshold spikes depolarizations by the T-type calcium channel occur at low, negative, membrane depolarizations resulting in the neuron reaching the threshold. Action potentials are not graded; they are all-or-none responses.
Termination
Postsynaptic potentials begin to be terminated when the neurotransmitter detaches from its receptor. The receptor is then free to return to its previous structural state. Ion channels that had been opened by the receptor when the neurotransmitter was bound to it will now close. Once the channels are closed, ions return to their equilibrium states, and the membrane is returned to its equilibrium potential.
Algebraic summation
Postsynaptic potentials are subject to summation, spatially and/or temporally.
Spatial summation: If a cell is receiving input at two synapses that are near each other, their postsynaptic potentials add together. If the cell is receiving two excitatory postsynaptic potentials, they combine so that the membrane potential is depolarized by the sum of the two changes. If there are two inhibitory potentials, they also sum, and the membrane is hyperpolarized by that amount. If the cell is receiving both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, they can cancel out, or one can be stronger than the other, and the membrane potential will change by the difference between them.
Temporal summation: When a cell receives inputs that are close together in time, they are also added together, even if from the same synapse. Thus, if a neuron receives an excitatory postsynaptic potential, and then the presynaptic neuron fires again, creating another EPSP, then the membrane of the postsynaptic cell is depolarized by the total of the EPSPs.
See also
Action potential
Electrophysiology
Goldman equation
Membrane potential
Nernst equation
Neuron
Neurotransmission
Postsynaptic
Synapse
End-plate potential
External links
References
Neural synapse
Graded potentials | wiki |
Yukgaejang (, 肉개醬) or spicy beef soup is a spicy, soup-like Korean dish made from shredded beef with scallions and other ingredients, which are simmered together for a long time. It is a variety of gomguk, or thick soup, which was formerly served in Korean royal court cuisine. It is thought to be healthful and is popular due to its hot and spicy nature.
Also, yukgaejang was eaten mainly by people who were tired of the midsummer heat to take care of themselves.
In addition to shredded beef, scallions, and water, the dish generally also includes bean sprouts, gosari (bracken fern), torandae (taro stems), sliced onion, dangmyeon (sweet potato noodles), chili powder, garlic, perilla seeds (also called wild sesame seeds), soy sauce, oil (sesame oil and/or vegetable oil), black pepper, and salt. Chili oil may also be used. Yukgaejang is generally served with a bowl of rice and kimchi.
Variety
The dish may alternatively be made with chicken rather than beef, in which case it is called dak-yukgaejang or dakgaejang.
See also
Gomguk
Goulash
Fisherman's Soup
List of beef dishes
References
Yukgaejang at Doosan Encyclopedia
Yukgaejang at Korean Culture Encyclopedia
External links
Yukgaejang video
Korean beef dishes
Korean soups and stews
Spicy foods
Chili pepper dishes
Noodle soups
Taro dishes
Korean chicken dishes | wiki |
Vestibular cortex is the portion of the cerebrum which responds to input from the vestibular system.
The location is not well defined, but some research indicates a right hemisphere dominance.
Lesions of the vestibular nucleus impair function.
The "temporo-peri-Sylvian vestibular cortex" (TPSVC) has been proposed as an analog to parietoinsular vestibular cortex found in monkeys.
References
Cerebral cortex
Vestibular system | wiki |
Swimbaits or swimmers are a loosely defined class of fishing lures that are designed to primarily imitate the underwater swimming motions of baitfishes.
History
Swimbaits originated in the late 1980s as lures designed to imitate rainbow trout in Southern California reservoirs that largemouth bass and striped bass fed on. They were larger and more lifelike imitations than most available mass-produced lures at the time.
Types
Swimbaits are mainly broken down into 2 categories: hard body and soft body swimbaits.
Hard-body
Hard-body swimbaits are often made of either a wood or plastic material. The goal of these baits is to mimic a baitfish in which a predatory fish (such as largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, pike, trout etc.) would eat. These baits are designed to have a swimming action that will provoke a predatory instinct from the fish that cause it to strike the lure. The action of the lure varies based on the number of joints in the bait. A hard body bait with a single joint (or more commonly known as a glide bait) provides an serpentine or "gliding" action in the water which can be fished on a variety of retrieve methods and speeds. Multi-jointed hard baits provided a more of a natural swimming appearance to the bait but can also provide some unique action with different retrieve styles and speeds.
Soft-body
Soft-body swimbaits are almost exclusively made out of rubber or soft plastic not unlike what your favorite package of artificial worms are made of. Some soft body swimbaits are designed to draw a strike from fish while very detailed baits (usually top hook) rely more on looks than actions. Soft body swimbaits have several sub-categories including paddle tails, line through, and top hook swimbaits. Paddle tail swimbaits are by far the most common swimbait many anglers use. These baits come in an array of sizes with the smaller sizes often being used as a trailer for a spinnerbait, chatterbait or underspin. The larger sizes however are seen often being fished on a swimbait Jig head or a weighted extra wide gap hook (ewg). The paddle tail swimbait also comes in either a solid body and hollow body. Line through swimbaits are a large swimbait which allows the line to run through the body of the bait to keep the fish from using the bait as leverage to thrown the hook. Top hook swimbaits are swimbaits which utilize a large, strong, jig style hook which protrudes from the top of the swimbait. The top hook swimbait will typically have a wedge style tail that's designed for colder water.
References
External links
'Top Ten Swimbait Picks in my Box' - TheWiredAngler article with images
Fishing equipment | wiki |
Pea beans are several types of common food plants producing beans:
Pea bean may refer to a variety of edible common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that has been recorded in Britain since the 16th century. The seeds are unusual in being strongly bicoloured (red-brown and white). The plants are a typical climbing bean. The beans are either eaten in the pod like French beans or they may be harvested when mature and eaten as other dried beans. Many seed catalogues list it as Phaseolus aegypticus - a name unrecorded in the botanical literature. There have been other assertions that it is a form of lablab but horticultural consensus places it simply as a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris, closely related to French beans and haricot beans.
In the US, pea bean or white pea beans is also used to describe small white common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The term may be used for navy beans, which came from the fact that the U.S. Navy relied heavily on these to feed sailors in the 19th century. These beans are considered to be healthy and are often used in pies and soups.
The same name is used for Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, also called yard-long bean and cowpea.
References
Phaseolus | wiki |
Naked Among Wolves () is a 1963 East German film directed by Frank Beyer and starring Erwin Geschonneck and Armin Mueller-Stahl. The film is based on author Bruno Apitz's 1958 novel by the same name. The film was remade in 2015 under the direction of Philipp Kadelbach.
Plot
Buchenwald concentration camp, early 1945. A Polish prisoner named Jankowski, who has been on a death march from Auschwitz, brings a suitcase to the camp. When the inmates in the storage building open it, they discover a three-year-old child. Jankowski tells them he is the son of a couple from the Warsaw Ghetto, both of whom perished. Prisoner Kropinski becomes attached to the boy, and begs Kapo André Höfel to save him. Höfel, who is a member of the camp's secret communist underground, consults with senior member Bochow. He is instructed to send the child on the next transport to Sachsenhausen. Höfel cannot bring himself to do so, and hides him. Jankowski is deported to Sachsenhausen alone.
SS man Zweiling stumbles upon Höfel and his friend, fellow communist Pippig, as they play with the child. Knowing well that the American Army is approaching, Zweiling is convinced to turn a blind eye, hoping to present himself as a humane guard to the Americans. His wife tells him to get rid of the boy to avoid punishment by his superiors. Zweiling writes a denunciation letter to the Gestapo, making it appear as if it was composed by a prisoner. Kluttig and Reineboth, two other SS officers, realize that Zweiling was the informant, but choose to ignore it; they begin to search for the child. Kluttig is keen on massacring the camp's surviving prisoners, but commandant Schwahl forbids it, fearing American retribution - although he knows of the secret resistance. Kluttig and Reineboth brutally torture Höfel and Kropinski, but they refuse to tell the boy's whereabouts. The resistance's leaders meet to discuss the crisis, that may bring about an SS crackdown before their planned uprising. They determine to save the child, who is hidden in a barrack.
Reineboth takes all the personnel of the storage chamber to an investigation by the Gestapo. Pippig is subject to horrible torture. After seeing his injuries, prisoner August Rose has a nervous breakdown and confesses all. Pippig dies of his wounds. Kluttig raids the barrack, but cannot find the child.
The SS plan to evacuate the camp. They order camp elder Krämer, who is also the communists' covert leader, to organize the prisoners for transport. Krämer manages to stall the preparations by pretending to cooperate. Resistance leader Bogorski, a Soviet prisoner-of-war, reveals that he hid the child on his own, where Kluttig would not find him. As the deadline for evacuation nears, the boy is taken out from his hiding. Kluttig enters the room where the inmates are gathered, intending to shoot the child, but the prisoners form a wall around him and force Kluttig to leave. Krämer orders an armed uprising. The prisoners, led by Bogorski, drive out the remaining SS. Most of them survive and flee wearing civilian clothing. Höfel and Kropinski are freed from their cells. Krämer takes the boy out as the camp is liberated.
Cast
Jürgen Strauch: child
Erwin Geschonneck: Walter Krämer
Armin Mueller-Stahl: André Höfel
Fred Delmare: Rudi Pippig
Gerry Wolff: Herbert Bochow
Peter Sturm: August Rose
Viktor Avdyushko: Leonid Bogorski
Zygmunt Malanowicz: Josef Pribula
Werner Dissel: Otto Lange
Bruno Apitz: old man
Angela Brunner: Hortense Zweiling
Krystyn Wójcik: Marian Kropinski
Hans-Hartmut Krüger: Henri Riomand
Boleslaw Plotnicki: Zacharias Jankowski
Jan Pohan: Kodiczek
Leonid Svetlov: Zidkowski
Christoph Engel: Peter van Dahlen
Hans Hardt-Hardtloff: block elder
Werner Möhring: Heinrich Schüpp
Hermann Eckhardt: Maximilian Wurach
Peter-Paul Goes: Max Müller
Günter Rüger: Karl Wunderlich
Albert Zahn: Otto Runki
Steffen Klaus: Alfred
Friedrich Teitge: jailer
Dieter Wien: block leader
Friedhelm Eberle: block leader
Otto Krieg-Helbig: Rottenführer
Erik S. Klein: Untersturmführer Reineboth
Herbert Köfer: Hauptsturmführer Kluttig
Wolfram Handel: Hauptscharführer Zweiling
Heinz Scholz: Standartenführer Schwahl
Fred Ludwig: Oberscharführer 'Mandrill' Mandrak
Joachim Tomaschewsky: Sturmbannführer Weisangk
Gerd Ehlers: Gestapo commissar Gey
Production
Bruno Apitz, a member of the Communist Party of Germany, was incarcerated at Buchenwald concentration camp from 1937 to 1945. He later recalled that in the last months before liberation, he heard about a little Jewish child who had been harbored by the International Camp Committee and protected from the SS guards. In a 1974 interview, Apitz claimed he swore that "If I will survive, I will tell the story of this child."
After the war, Apitz resided in the German Democratic Republic, working as a journalist and as a dramatist in the state-owned DEFA Studio. On 27 November 1954, Apitz wrote to DEFA's director-general Hans Rodenberg and suggested producing a film about the child's story. Rodenberg rejected the proposal; officially, it was due to the emphasis laid by the East German cultural establishment on depicting active resistance to Fascism rather than passive suffering. Private correspondence also revealed that studio officials regarded Apitz as insufficiently talented to handle the task.
Apitz abandoned the idea to make a film and instead, turned his rudimentary screenplay into a novel. He wrote the book from 1955 to 1958. Historian Bill Niven commented that since April 1955, the 10th anniversary of the camp's liberation, "the collective memory of Buchenwald's communist prisoners was transformed into the official memory of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany", and incorporated into the country's "anti-Fascist legitimization myth". Apitz's novel Naked Among Wolves was published shortly before the dedication of the Buchenwald Memorial Site in 1958. It turned into an instant success, selling 500,000 copies within a year. By 1965, it had been translated into 25 languages and had sold 2,000,000 copies. It was also entered into the East German schools' curriculum. Apitz won the National Prize, 3rd class, in 1958.
Already in April 1959, DEFA chief dramatist Klaus Wischnewski contacted Apitz with a proposition to adapt his novel for the screen, but the author was unwilling and made demands which the studio was unable to accept. Representatives of the Deutscher Fernsehfunk station approached Apitz, and he agreed to produce a television film based on his novel, which was broadcast on 10 April 1960. Although DFF did not conduct regular rating surveys yet, the adaptation was considered a success. The television critic of the newspaper Tribüne published a column praising the series, and called on DEFA to make a version of its own.
During 1960, after prolonged negotiations, Apitz and DEFA settled on an arrangement. Director Wolfgang Langhoff was chosen to direct the planned picture. Being engaged in his duties as manager of the Deutsches Theater, he eventually declined the role. It was then passed on to the young Frank Beyer, who had been working on Star-Crossed Lovers. In early 1962, he and Apitz began working on the planned film.
Beyer originally intended to have Ernst Busch play the role of Krämer, but the singer declined because his face was half-paralyzed from injuries during a bombing raid in World War II. Erwin Geschonneck was chosen in his stead. The director also picked his neighbor's son, the four-year-old Jürgen Strauch, to portray the child saved by the resistance. DEFA sought out foreign actors for the roles of the foreign members of the resistance, like Soviet actor Viktor Avdyushko, who was already well known in East Germany and cast as Bogorski. A minor part was given to Apitz himself - he appeared as an old man caring for the child who is found dead after the camp's liberation. Beyer also retained several of the actors who performed in the television adaptation, like Wolfram Handel, Fred Delmare and Peter Sturm, who was called to depict August Rose for the second time. The actor was very reluctant to take the role and had to be pressured by Apitz and the director, Sturm, who had been twice incarcerated in Buchenwald, was badly depressed by the work on the film, falling ill after it ended.
Deputy Minister of Defence Admiral Waldemar Verner provided more than 3,000 soldiers to be used as extras. Principal photography took place in Buchenwald - which was partly renovated by the Ministry of Construction for this purpose - and in the Babelsberg Studios from 4 May to 10 September 1962. Beyer told historian Bill Niven that the ending scene's score - which was not triumphant, but rather menacing - was the only manner in which he could hint to the existence of the postwar Soviet Special Camp no. 2 in Buchenwald, one of the NKVD special camps that became known to the public only after German reunification. His uncle was imprisoned in one such camp.
Reception
Distribution
On 10 April 1963, the eve of 18th Anniversary of Buchenwald's Self-Liberation, the film had its premiere in East Berlin's Colosseum Cinema. It was released in 24 copies in East Germany, and sold 806,915 tickets in the first year. By 1976, it had been viewed by 1.5 million people in cinemas, a number which rose to 2.5 million until 1994. In addition, 35mm reel copies were supplied to the National People's Army, the League of People's Friendship and to other public organizations. Private screenings were held in West Germany in April 1964 - for example, by the East-German-funded Uni-Doc-Verleih in Munich - but although the government never banned it, a local distributor, Pegasus Film, did not purchase the rights to it until 1967. By that time, the film had already been exported to all the European countries, as well as to Canada, the United States, India, Japan, China, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Guinea. DFF first broadcast it on television in September 1966 and re-ran it five times during the 1970s.
Awards
Naked Among Wolves won a Silver Prize in the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival, in July 1963. Although the Communist Party of the USSR instructed the Soviet members of the jury to award the Grand Prix to the East German entry, Naked Among Wolves narrowly lost it to Federico Fellini's 8½; allegedly, during the thirty-six-hour debate of the jury before the choosing of the winner, members Stanley Kramer, Jean Marais and Sergio Amidei threatened to leave if Beyer received the prize rather than Fellini. Polish member Jan Rybkowski described Naked Among Wolves as a "glossing over of reality."
On 6 October 1963, Apitz, Beyer, cinematographer Günter Marczinkowsky and art director Alfred Hirschmeier received the National Prize of East Germany, 1st degree, for their work. On 14 March 1964, actors Erik S. Klein, Herbert Köfer, Wolfram Handel and Gerry Wolf were all awarded the Heinrich Greif Prize, 1st class, in recognition of their appearance in Naked Among Wolves.
The Evangelical Film Guild of Frankfurt am Main chose Naked Among Wolves as Best Film of the Month for March 1968. The West German Wiesbaden-based National Review of Cinema and Media granted it the assessment "Valuable", its second-highest rating for motion pictures.
Critical response
A day after the premiere, Horst Knietzsch wrote in the Socialist Unity Party's newspaper Neues Deutschland that "with Naked Among Wolves, the filmmakers of our country have fulfilled a national duty. For the first time in German cinema, the human greatness, the courage, the revolutionary fervor and the international solidarity of the political prisoners in the Fascist concentration camps are displayed and set as the main theme of a motion picture... This film will go down in the history of German Socialist cinema." In a column published in East Berlin's Die Weltbühne magazine, Peter Edel noted that while it continued the tradition of DEFA anti-Fascist films like Marriage in the Shadows and Five Cartridges, Naked Among Wolves was the first such to be set in a concentration camp. He called it "the culmination of DEFA's cinematic work on this subject." Helmut Ulrich wrote in Neue Zeit: "Young people - not only they, but they above all - must see this film." Former Buchenwald inmate and Commandant of the Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment, Major General Heinz Gronau, who viewed the film in a special screening for survivors before the premiere, told Neues Deutschland that he approved of the manner in which "the proletarian internationalism was emphasized."
The critic of the West German Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, who watched the picture in a closed screening held during the 13th Berlin International Film Festival, wrote that "it has a wide scope, and fails to cover it all... It does not reach the level of DEFA works like Man of Straw or The Murderers Are Among Us, but is still an honest, well-made picture." Karl Feuerer from the Hamburg-based Die andere Zeitung wrote in 1964: "As long as the Brown past is not overcome... And people such as Globke and Bütefisch cling to their positions of power... Such pictures are required." In 1968, after it was released in the Federal Republic, Hellmut Haffner from Hamburg's Sonntagblatt commented that "today, it may take five years until a film from Germany arrives in Germany." Die Welt critic Friedrich Luft commented: "The exclusive appearance of the communists in the best roles... Makes the film all too partisan. Thus, one remains skeptical of its important moral more than one would wish. It is a pity that a DEFA film has to be taken in this manner, especially in this case."
The critic of the Greek newspaper Ethnos complained that the film presented "a nice, well-tended Buchenwald, where only the disobedient and the communists are punished severely." The reviewer of Ta Nea commented: "All the 'terrible things' we see in the studio version are not even a pale imitation of Buchenwald's reality... Of course the film was made by Germans, but does it give them the right to talk about the noose without mentioning the victims?"
Penelope Gilliatt, who reviewed the film for The Observer, commented that it was "an artistic micro-cosmos of the German situation from an East German perspective... Well photographed and better than it might have been." Philip Oakes of The Sunday Telegraph opined that Naked Among Wolves was "rough, gory and realistic, but above all meant to serve as entertainment", that it contained "propaganda" and was "a violent variation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs."
The New York Times reviewer Bosley Crowther wrote on 19 April 1967: "Another torturing recollection of the horrors of the camps... is rendered a bit less torturing by a fresh and hopeful theme in Naked Among Wolves."
Analysis
Martina Thiele remarked that "Naked Among Wolves is not a holocaust film in the strict sense, but rather a 'testimony of anti-Fascism'." The picture emphasized the international solidarity of the communists, and the racial classifications in the concentration camp were largely overlooked. Daniela Berghahn wrote that, as official East German discourse about the wartime persecution of Jews was subject to a Marxist interpretation of history, the topic was marginalized; in addition, the politics of the Cold War and the Arab-Israeli Conflict made the theme highly sensitive. Berghahn commented that the child was not in the center of the plot, but served as an "infantile victim" who had to be protected by the "communist heroes... Beyer's film reaffirms the official GDR conception of the Holocaust." Thiele also noted that the word 'Jew' is barely mentioned in the film or in the novel, mostly as part of antisemitic slurs used by the antagonists. Bill Niven concluded: "It is not Jews who are seen to suffer, but Germans - for a Jew. Resistance and victimhood reside with Pippig, Höfel and Krämer."
Naked Among Wolves was centered on the inner conflicts of individual persons, unlike earlier films from the 1950s about the history of the wartime resistance. Thomas Heimann remarked that "Beginning from 1960... A new generation of directors, Beyer among them, sought to redress the past in a manner somewhat less conforming to the official view of history... The emphasis was laid on the individual stories... Of the anti-Fascists."
Paul Cooke and Marc Silberman wrote that Naked Among Wolves, like all DEFA's works, "was closely aligned to the state's official historiography and reflected changes in the Party's agenda... A canonical text."; Anke Pinkert commented that "with a younger postwar audience in mind... The films of the early 1960s... Including Naked Among Wolves... Aimed at a more realist approach to history". Thiele pointed out that the one of the important aspects of the plot was that André Höfel's decision to save the child was done in contradiction to party resolutions: "Marcel Reich-Ranicki's explanation to the success of the novel can be also used in regards to the film - in a country in which one of the most popular songs was called The Party is Always Right, people were thankful for a story hinged upon the disobedience of a comrade."
However, the picture still conveyed conservative messages: the film's hero, Krämer, leader of the communists in Buchenwald, is contrasted with the character of August Rose, who betrays his friends. While Rose is portrayed sympathetically, he is a coward nonetheless. Rose is not identified as a communist; according to Thiele, "he is obviously implied to be a Social-Democrat." Another figure was that of Leonid Bogorski, granted a more prominent role than in the novel: Bogorski saves the child completely on his own, a feat which he performs with others in Apitz's original; he also heads the uprising. Klaus Wischnewski, DEFA's chief dramatist, told that he was disturbed by the "stereotypical leadership role which the Soviet Bogorski occupies." Thomas Heimann remarked that Bogorski, who acts as the plot's deus ex machina, represents the "higher authority and wisdom of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union."
Another motif was the flight of the SS officers, who are all seen leaving the camp unharmed, most of them in civilian clothing which they have prepared beforehand. Many reviews of the film in East Germany stressed that the former war criminals had little to fear in the Federal Republic. Bill Niven wrote that the suggestion that the SS fled to West Germany was accentuated in the film more than in the novel, although Beyer was careful not to make explicit parallels between the camp and the FRG. Daniela Berghahn remarked that "the film's production history illustrates how the 'Jewish question' was utilized for political ends": in the early 1960s, during and after the Eichmann Trial, the SED sought to "maximize the propaganda value in a campaign to remind the world that many former Nazis were living in West Germany."
Historical accuracy
Apitz had presented his novel as a fictional story based on true events: in the foreword, he dedicated Naked Among Wolves to "our fallen comrades in arms from all nations... In their honor, I have named many of the characters after some of them."
In 1964, the East Berlin-based Berliner Zeitung am Abend located the child upon whose story the novel was based: Stefan Jerzy Zweig, who survived Buchenwald at the age of four with his father Zacharias, with the help of two prisoner functionaries: Robert Siewert and Willi Bleicher. Bleicher, a former member of the Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) and the kapo of the storage building, was the one who convinced the SS to turn a blind eye to the child. When Zweig was to be sent to Auschwitz, prisoners who were tasked with compiling the deportees' list erased his name and replaced him with Willy Blum, a sixteen-year-old Sinto boy. Zweig moved to Israel after liberation, and later studied in France. After he was discovered to be the 'Buchenwald child', he settled in East Germany, where he remained until 1972. Zweig received much media and the public attention in the country. Blum's fate was only disclosed after the German reunification.
The self-liberation of Buchenwald, celebrated in East Germany on 11 April, held an important status in national consciousness since the late 1950s, even before the publication of the novel. As shown in the film, the communist prisoners, who had organized a secret resistance network, were purported to have risen up against the SS and liberated themselves before the arrival of the American forces. While the Buchenwald Resistance did exist, it was not dominated solely by communists and its role in the camp's liberation, as well as its conduct in the years before, was greatly embellished for propaganda purposes.
References
Bibliography
Bill Niven. The Buchenwald Child: Truth, Fiction, and Propaganda. Camden House (2007). .
Daniela Berghahn. Hollywood Behind the Wall: The Cinema of East Germany. Manchester University Press (2005). .
Rachel Langford. Marginal Voices, Marginal Forms: Diaries in European Literature and History . Rodopi (1999). .
Martin McCauley. The German Democratic Republic since 1945. Palgrave Macmillan (1986). .
John Rodden. Textbook Reds: Schoolbooks, Ideology, and Eastern German Identity. Pennsylvania State University Press (2006). .
Anke Pinkert. Film and Memory in East Germany. Indiana University Press (2008). .
Paul Cooke, Marc Silberman. Screening War: Perspectives on German Suffering. Camden House (2010). .
Martina Thiele. Publizistische Kontroversen über den Holocaust im Film. Lit (2001). .
Thomas Heimann. Bilder von Buchenwald: die Visualisierung des Antifaschismus in der DDR. Böhlau (2005). .
Thomas Beutelschmidt, Rüdiger Steinlein (editors). Realitätskonstruktion: Faschismus und Antifaschismus in den Literaturverfilmungen des DDR-Fernsehens. Leipziger Universitätsverlag (2004). .
Ralf Schenk (editor). Regie: Frank Beyer. Hentrich (1995). .
Frank Beyer. Wenn der Wind sich Dreht. Econ (2001). .
Ingrid Poss. Spur der Filme: Zeitzeugen über die DEFA. Links (2006). .
External links
Naked Among Wolves trailer and picture gallery on icestorm.de, current copyright owner.
Original poster of Naked Among Wolves on ostfilm.de.
Naked Among Wolves. progress-film.de.
Bruno Apitz und sein Roman "Nackt unter Wölfen". A report by Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, including television interviews with Armin Mueller-Stahl and Stefan Jerzy Zweig.
"Nackt unter Wölfen” kommt in die Kinos. Original newsreel footage about the film from 1963 presented by Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg.
Nackt unter Wölfen at filmportal.de/en
Shadows and Sojourners: Images of Jews and Antifascism in East German Film.
Frank Beyer: Das Buchenwald-Kind - die wahre Geschichte.
Nackt unter Wölfen. defa-sternstunden.de.
Naked Among Wolves at Rotten Tomatoes.
1963 films
East German films
Films based on German novels
Films directed by Frank Beyer
1960s German-language films
German World War II films
Holocaust films
Films about communism
Films set in Germany
Films set in 1945
Babelsberg Studio films
1960s German films | wiki |
Sharon Greene Larsen (born February 6, 1939) served as the second counselor to Margaret D. Nadauld in the General Presidency of the Young Women of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1997 to 2002.
Larsen was born and raised in Glenwood, Alberta, Canada. Larsen studied at the University of Alberta and then at Brigham Young University (BYU) where she earned a degree in elementary education. She taught school in St. Louis, Missouri and in Davis County, Utah.
In the LDS Church, Larsen served in a variety of callings in the Young Women and Relief Society as well as a seminary and institute teacher.
Larsen is married to Ralph T. Larsen and they are the parents of two children. Ralph is a dentist.
References
"Sharon G. Larson: Second Counselor, Young Women General Presidency", Ensign, November 2011
1939 births
Brigham Young University alumni
Canadian leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Church Educational System instructors
Counselors in the General Presidency of the Young Women (organization)
Living people
People from Cardston County
University of Alberta alumni | wiki |
Whabi Mohammad (born 1983) was reported to be the "fifth bomber" wanted in connection with the 21 July 2005 London bombings, and to have been arrested on or before 28 July 2005.
See also
Ramzi Mohammed
References
British Muslims
July 2005 London bombings
Living people
1983 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people) | wiki |
An allowance is an amount of money given or allotted usually at regular intervals for a specific purpose. In the context of children, parents may provide an allowance (British English: pocket money) to their child for their miscellaneous personal spending. In the construction industry, an allowance may be an amount allocated to a specific item of work as part of an overall contract.
The person providing the allowance usually tries to control how or when money is spent by the recipient so that it meets the aims of the person providing the money. For example, an allowance by a parent may be motivated to teach the child money management and be either unconditional or tied to the completion of chores or the achievement of specific grades.
The person supplying the allowance usually specifies the purpose and may put controls in place to make sure that the money is spent only for that purpose. For example, company employees may be given an allowance or per diem to provide for meals and travel when they work away from home and then be required to provide receipts as proof, or they are provided with specific non-money tokens or vouchers such as a meal voucher that can be used only for a specific purpose.
Construction contracting
In construction, an allowance is an amount specified and included in the construction contract (or specifications) for a certain item of work (appliances, lighting, etc.) whose details are not yet determined at the time of contracting. These rules typically apply to:
The amount covers the cost of the contractor's material/equipment delivered to the project and all taxes less any trade discounts to which the contractor may be entitled with respect to the item of work.
The contractor's costs for labor (installation), overhead, profit, and other expenses with respect to the allowance item are included in the base contract amount but not in the allowance amount.
If the costs in the first section for the item of work are higher (or lower) than the allowance, the base contract is increased (decreased) by the difference in both amounts and by the change (if any) to the contractor's costs under the second section.
The allowance provisions may be handled otherwise in the contract; for example, the flooring allowance may state that installation costs are part of the allowance. The contractor may be required to produce records of the original takeoff or estimate of the costs in the second section for each allowance item.
These issues should also be considered in the contract's allowance provision:
May the client insist that the contractor use whomever the client wishes to do the allowance work?
May the contractor charge the client back for any costs arising from a delay by the client (or client's agent) in selecting the material or equipment of the allowance in question?
Children
Parents often give their children an allowance (British English: pocket money) for their miscellaneous personal spending, and also to teach them money management at an early age. The parenting expert Sidonie Gruenberg popularized this concept in 1912.
Usually young children get "gift" allowances. For some parents, when children are old enough to start doing chores, an allowance becomes "exchange" money. Later, as the child grows older, some parents give children projects they can choose or ignore, and this type of allowance can be called "entrepreneurial."
A 2019 study by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants found the average allowance paid to U.S. children was $30 per week.
Adults
In gynocentric countries like South Korea and Japan, it is customary for the woman to control all household finances. Any paycheck that the husband receives goes straight to the wife's bank account, and the wife usually pays around 5~10% of it as allowance to her husband. That practice is very common because of a widespread social prejudice that men are unfit to manage household finances.
In 2015, a court in South Korea granted an at-fault divorce (no-fault divorce is not allowed in that country) to a husband who received only 100,000 won (US$95) per month in allowance from his wife. The article stated that the husband was a professional soldier, but since his entire salary went to his wife, he had to take a second job as a construction worker to afford to buy his meals. The ruling established that an excessively-low allowance from a wife can be counted as a fault for divorce in that country.
In Japan, three quarters of men get monthly allowances from their wives. Since 1979, Shinsei Bank has been researching the amount of spending money given to husbands by their wives. In 2011 it was 39,600 yen (about US$500). That can be compared to before the Japanese asset price bubble burst, when the allowance was 76,000 yen in 1990 (US$530, equivalent to US in ).
See also
Per diem
Wage
Annotations
References
Contract law
Payments
Parenting
Household income | wiki |
In engineering and machining, an allowance is a planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage dimension and an intended final dimension. The unifying abstract concept is that a certain amount of difference allows for some known factor of compensation or interference. For example, an area of excess metal may be left because it is needed to complete subsequent machining. Common cases are listed below. An allowance, which is a planned deviation from an ideal, is contrasted with a tolerance, which accounts for expected but unplanned deviations.
Allowance is basically the size difference between components that work together. Allowance between parts that are assembled is very important. For example, the axle of a car has to be supported in a bearing otherwise it will fall to the ground. If there was no gap between the axle and the bearing then there would be a lot of friction and it would be difficult to get the car to move. If there was too much of a gap then the axle would be jumping around in the bearing. It is important to get the allowance between the axle and the bearing correct so that the axle rotates smoothly and easily without juddering.
Examples of engineering and machining allowances
Outer dimensions (such as the length of a bar) may be cut intentionally oversize, or inner dimensions (such as the diameter of a hole) may be cut intentionally undersize, to allow for a predictable dimensional change following future cutting, grinding, or heat-treating operations. For example:
the outer diameter of a pin may be ground to oversize because it is known that subsequent heat-treatment of the pin is going to cause it to shrink by .
A hole may be drilled undersize to allow for the material that will be removed by subsequent reaming.
Outer dimensions (such as the diameter of a railroad car's axle) may be cut intentionally oversize, or inner dimensions (such as the diameter of the railroad car's wheel hub) may be cut intentionally undersize, to allow for an interference fit (press fit).
A part may be cast intentionally too big when it is desired to later machine the surface. This ensures that the roughness that the casting process leaves is removed, and a smooth machined surface is produced. This machining allowance may be e.g. 1mm, but this depends on the size of the part and the accuracy of the casting process.
A chain segment may be oversized so that at the end of its useful service life (around 20 years), the corroded chain is still above the minimum diameter required to meet the minimum break strength. This is called a corrosion allowance and accounts for the steel molecules lost through oxidation, erosion and wear, and Microbially influenced corrosion.
Confounding of the engineering concepts of allowance and tolerance
Often the terms allowance and tolerance are used inaccurately and are improperly interchanged in engineering contexts. This is because both words generally can relate to the abstract concept of permission — that is, of a limit on what is acceptable. However, in engineering, separate meanings are enforced, as explained below.
A tolerance is the expected limit of acceptable unintended deviation from a nominal or theoretical dimension. Therefore, a pair of tolerances, upper and lower, defines a range within which an actual dimension may fall while still being acceptable.
In contrast,
an allowance is a planned deviation from the nominal or theoretical dimension. In other words, it is an intended difference between the maximum material conditions of mating parts.
Example
An example of the concept of tolerance is a shaft for a machine is intended to be precisely 10 mm in diameter: 10 mm is the nominal dimension. The engineer designing the machine knows that in reality, the grinding operation that produces the final diameter may introduce a certain small-but-unavoidable amount of random error. Therefore, the engineer specifies a tolerance of ±0.01 mm ("plus-or-minus" 0.01 mm).
As long as the grinding machine operator can produce a shaft with actual diameter somewhere between 9.99 mm and 10.01 mm, the shaft is acceptable. Understanding how much error is predictable in a process and how much is easily avoidable; how much is unavoidable (or whose avoidance is possible but simply too expensive to justify); and how much is truly acceptable involves considerable judgment, intelligence, and experience.
An example of the concept of allowance can be shown in relation to the hole that this shaft must enter. It is evident that the above shaft cannot be certain to freely enter a hole that is also 10 mm with the same tolerance. It might, if the actual shaft diameter is 9.99 mm and the actual hole diameter is 10.01 mm, but it would not if conversely the actual shaft diameter is 10.01 mm and the actual hole diameter is 9.99 mm.
To be sure that there will be enough clearance between the shaft and its hole, taking account of the tolerance, an allowance is intentionally introduced in the dimensions specified. The hole diameter might be specified as 10.03 mm with a manufacturing tolerance of ±0.01 mm ("plus-or-minus" 0.01 mm). This means that the smallest acceptable hole diameter will be 10.02 mm while the largest acceptable shaft diameter will be 10.01 mm, leaving an "allowance" of 0.01 mm. The minimum clearance between the hole and the shaft will then be 0.01 mm. This will occur when both the shaft and the hole are at maximum material condition.
References
Engineering concepts | wiki |
Le monument Al-Shaheed est un monument dédié aux soldats Iraquiens mort pendant la guerre Iran-Irak.
Références
Bagdad
Monument en Irak | wiki |
"Eastwatch" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 65th overall. The episode was written for television by Dave Hill and directed by Matt Shakman, and first aired on HBO on August 13, 2017.
Daenerys forces the surviving soldiers to swear fealty to her, but the Tarlys refuse, and are executed. Meanwhile, Davos Seaworth retrieves Gendry, along with Jon Snow and Jorah Mormont, where they head beyond the Wall along with Tormund, The Hound, and the Brotherhood Without Banners. Arya Stark spies on Littlefinger and discovers a letter that Sansa wrote to her family, requesting their fealty to King Joffrey.
The title of the episode refers to the namesake place at which the final sequence takes place. "Eastwatch" received praise from critics, who listed Jon Snow's interaction with Drogon, Lena Headey's performance as Cersei Lannister, Gendry's return, and the tension between Arya and Littlefinger as highlights of the episode. In the United States, the episode achieved a viewership of 10.72 million in its initial broadcast, the highest of any episode in the first seven seasons.
This episode marks the final appearance of Tom Hopper (Dickon Tarly) and James Faulkner (Randyll Tarly).
Plot
On the Roseroad
After the battle, Bronn pulls Jaime ashore. They recognize that the Lannisters cannot defeat Daenerys' three dragons. Daenerys has Randyll Tarly and his son Dickon, who both refuse to swear fealty to her, incinerated despite Tyrion's protests. The remaining soldiers swear fealty to Daenerys out of fear.
At Winterfell
Bran, who can see the White Walker army approaching the wall, requests that ravens be sent throughout the Seven Kingdoms to warn of the imposing threat. Arya witnesses Sansa declining two northern lords' suggestion that Sansa should rule the North. Arya privately accuses Sansa of wanting to displace Jon. Littlefinger surreptitiously lets Arya see the letter Cersei forced Sansa to write after King Robert died in the first season, asking Robb to swear fealty to King Joffrey ("The Pointy End").
In Oldtown
Archmaester Ebrose discusses Bran's message with other Archmaesters. Sam tries to get them to use their influence to prepare Westeros for war against the White Walkers. Archmaester Ebrose decides the matter needs further study. Sam transcribes a High Septon's journal as Gilly reads from it. Sam, frustrated with the Archmaester's lack of action against the White Walkers, steals documents from the library and leaves Oldtown with Gilly and Little Sam.
In King's Landing
Jaime returns to Cersei and declares the war unwinnable for the Lannisters. He also reveals that Olenna admitted to poisoning Joffrey before her death. Tyrion and Davos sneak into King's Landing. Bronn leads Jaime to Tyrion, who requests an audience with Cersei once Jon can prove that the White Walkers exist. Jaime conveys Tyrion's message; though Cersei doubts Tyrion's warning, she acknowledges that a temporary ceasefire could be a strategic necessity for the Lannisters. She also tells Jaime that she is pregnant and will publicly acknowledge him as the father. Davos locates Gendry, who eagerly leaves King's Landing with him. Two city guards discover Davos' boat; he bribes them, but Tyrion returns and they recognize him, so Gendry kills them.
On Dragonstone
Daenerys arrives back at Dragonstone with Drogon, and Drogon surprisingly allows Jon to get close to him and pet him, much to Daenerys' surprise. Ser Jorah returns and reunites with Daenerys. Varys and Tyrion privately discuss the brutality of Daenerys' actions. Jon and Davos attend Daenerys's meeting with her advisors. Jon receives Bran's warning and decides to return to Winterfell to fight the White Walkers. Jon again requests her help. She refuses, because leaving her war against Cersei would mean conceding the Iron Throne to her. Tyrion proposes capturing a wight north of the Wall and bringing it to King's Landing, to show Cersei the danger and gain her support. Jon and Jorah volunteer for the mission. Tyrion and Davos return from King's Landing with Gendry. Davos advises Gendry to conceal his identity; Gendry instead introduces himself openly to Jon as Robert's bastard and volunteers to join his excursion.
At Eastwatch-by-the-Sea
Jon, Davos, Gendry, and Jorah meet with Tormund at the Night's Watch fortress Eastwatch-by-the-Sea, where the Brotherhood Without Banners and the Hound are imprisoned. The disparate men discuss their enmities, but acknowledge that they are now fighting against a common enemy. Gendry tells Jon not to trust them, remembering how they sold him to Melisandre but Jon insists they are all on the same side because, “We're all breathing.” Davos decides to remain at Eastwatch while the others head north.
Production
Writing
"Eastwatch" was written for television by Dave Hill, who had previously written two episodes for the series, "Sons of the Harpy" and "Home", as well as serving as a writing assistant since the show's second season. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Hill commented on the intentions of the characters' decisions, and the writing and storylines that were involved in penning the episode. In writing the opening sequence involving Daenerys, and Randyll and Dickon Tarly, Hill noted the difference between Daenerys and other rulers, in that she offered the men a choice, saying, "These lords disobeyed her and disrespected her in rebellion against the rightful queen. Then she gives them a way out and they don't take it." He also spoke about the effect on Jaime of being defeated by Daenerys, noting: "This was their first time facing in the open field and they were so easily defeated and that's not something he's ever seen before. But as hard as it is to deal with and her dragons, it's much harder to deal with Cersei."
Regarding Jon Snow's departure from Dragonstone, Hill mentioned that Daenerys believes Jon is honest, and she "can't continue a war and still have Seven Kingdoms to rule after the war is done" as long as the White Walker threat remains. Hill's intention in writing the scene of Tyrion's secret meeting with Jaime was to open the interaction with "total antagonism and hatred", and eventually change it to the two "being vaguely on the same side." He notes that although Jaime may not believe Tyrion, it was worth exploring a possibility of a truce.
Hill stated that the writers were uncertain on when Gendry should be reintroduced to the story. He noted that the writers always intended to bring Gendry back, and that they had originally planned to bring him back in the previous season. They eventually settled on bringing him back in "Eastwatch" in order to place him into the storyline he referred to as "the big mission" with Jon Snow beyond the Wall. Hill added, "It made sense that Davos would want to save this boy who's like a surrogate son."
Casting
"Eastwatch" saw the re-introduction of Joe Dempsie as Gendry, the role he portrayed in the first, second, and third seasons. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Dempsie said about re-joining the cast: "In the intervening three years, I would always welcome the opportunity to come back to the show with open arms. I have so many friends on the show and have such a great time making it. I learn so much when I'm on that set." Dempsie also revealed that co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss were unsure when he would be returning to the show, noting that he was told by them, "Look, your character is going to disappear for a while. We don't want you to panic. We're not trying to sack you. We like your performance and your character, but we have plans for him further on down the line." Dempsie learned of his return to the show shortly before Christmas 2015, during a meeting with his agent.
Filming
"Eastwatch" was directed by Matt Shakman, who also directed the previous episode, "The Spoils of War". Prior to joining the series, Shakman served as a television director for several other series, including Fargo, The Good Wife, Mad Men, and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter following the airing of "Eastwatch", Shakman described shooting his two episodes (the other being "The Spoils of War") for the season: "There isn't the same massive set piece, so it's really about establishing what's coming next for the season. It's a bit of a reset. There are some major character revelations and further development of relationships, especially the people who are reunited and are now seeing what's happening as they navigate their new relationships with the people they haven't seen in so long." At the beginning of the episode, Tyrion Lannister is shown walking through the aftermath of the "Loot Train Attack," which Shakman noted was intended to show Tyrion's internal conflict between serving Daenerys and seeing his own family's dead soldiers. He also stated about the scene, "We created things for him to look at that were evoking Pompeii, the aftermath of the dragon fire and what it does to the humans all around him, as well as the destruction of the actual wagons. We walked Peter through that, and let him react to what he was seeing. The effect is pretty powerful."
For Daenerys Targaryen's return to Dragonstone, and the interaction between Drogon and Jon Snow, Shakman spoke about the process that went into creating the scene, saying that "half the time Kit Harington", who portrays Jon Snow, was "acting with a partial dragon snout", and at other times "nothing, or a tennis ball in order to establish a proper eye-line." A "pre-viz" was also created, "in order for Harington to see a visualization of what the scene would look like after post-production was completed and to understand the enormity of Drogon." He continued, "It's tremendous acting, to be able to invent your scene partner, and to be able to navigate a scene like that. Bravo to Kit Harington."
Shakman also talked about directing Harington and Emilia Clarke, who portrays Daenerys, saying: "Even though they haven't interacted much on the show at all, except for this season, know each other very well. So there's a familiarity there that helps them as actors. They both have great respect for each other and are both very talented, so the scenes are relatively easy to craft due to the familiarity between them that works."
Shakman also spoke about the direction for the scene between Samwell Tarly and Gilly at the Citadel, noting that despite the importance of the information that Gilly was revealing regarding Rhaegar Targaryen, his intent was to focus primarily on John Bradley as Sam, saying, "I knew the information was huge, and there's no need to underline it at all. I put all of that information off-camera and pushed in on John Bradley as he was dealing with the crisis of the moment, which was his frustration with the maesters and ultimately coming to the conclusion that he doesn't want to be a part of it anymore. The fact that it happens to be dropping a giant piece of information about Jon's lineage and his claim to the throne, I felt it was better to have that happen without any kind of underlining." He also disclosed that the effect of this reveal will be felt in future episodes as Daenerys and Jon's relationship changes.
Additionally, "Shakman revealed that the meeting of characters at the Eastwatch ice cells at the end of the episode was shot all in one day, and that he hoped to have had more time to shoot the scene." He complimented the actors for their performances, however, saying: "there's just so much tension happening with everybody, and we're setting up this idea that this is a group of very unlikely comrades heading out to perform an impossible task. All of those actors are fantastic. Building the tension between each of them wasn't that difficult, given how smart they all are as performers." For the closing shot of the episode, Shakman attempted to pay homage to director Sam Peckinpah, specifically by referencing the 1969 film The Wild Bunch, for which Peckinpah wrote the screenplay and directed. He noted the scene was "meant to evoke that image of the Wild Bunch walking into town before the big shoot-'em-up begins."
Reception
Ratings
"Eastwatch" was watched by 10.72 million viewers on its initial viewing on HBO, which was higher than the previous week's rating of 10.17 million viewers for the episode "The Spoils of War" This set a ratings record for Game of Thrones to that point as the highest rated episode of the series, surpassing "The Spoils of War", which previously held the record. The episode also acquired a 5.0 rating in the 18–49 demographic, making it the highest rated show on cable television of the night. In the United Kingdom, the episode was viewed by 3.42 million viewers on Sky Atlantic, making it the highest-rated broadcast that week on that channel. It also received 1.209 million timeshift viewers.
Critical reception
"Eastwatch" received praise from critics, who listed Jon Snow's interaction with Drogon, Lena Headey's performance as Cersei Lannister, and Gendry's return as highlights of the episode. It received a 95% rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes from 63 reviews with an average score of 8.07 out of 10. The site's consensus reads "'Eastwatch' traded the fiery spectacle of Thrones''' previous episode for a slow-burn approach, but nonetheless delivered some spectacular revelations and reunions."
Matt Fowler of IGN wrote in his review of the episode, "'Eastwatch' may have represented a breather in the action, so to speak, but it sure didn't lag. It was a masterfully busy episode, with big moments coming at you in each and every scene. Everyone's past connection to one another is now getting brought up, noted, and utilized to further plot in a meaningful, natural way.‘"He continued by mentioning several of the reunions and call-backs that took place throughout the episode, saying "From Sam having met Bran back at the end of Season 3, to Gendry finally returning to the show and meeting up with both Ser Davos and Beric Dondarrion (in the same episode), to Jorah finding his way back to Daenerys, to Tyrion's tense-but-fruitful reunion with Jaime – 'Eastwatch' was chock-full of the past becoming present, and being used to inform the drastic, dramatic war machine." He gave the episode a 9.2 out of 10. Myles McNutt of The A.V. Club similarly felt the episode lacked the action that the previous episode, "The Spoils of War", had, calling it a "piece-moving" episode, but noted "Whereas before you were seeing pieces moving into place to set up a set of four or five different climaxes to the season, here all of the moving pieces are taking place on the same continent, and with an impact on the same central story arc." He gave the episode a B+. Kelly Lawler of USA Today'' expressed similar thoughts by stating it was the best episode of the season thus far, and noting, "The series has needed to reinvent itself after it brought so many major characters together and narrowed its focus."
Accolades
References
External links
"Eastwatch" at HBO.com
2017 American television episodes
Game of Thrones (season 7) episodes
Television episodes directed by Matt Shakman | wiki |
This is a list of all Open Era tennis Grand Slam singles champions and how old they were when they won their first title. Players who won a title before the Open Era are designated with an asterisk (*), but those results do not factor into these lists.
Men
Women
° Note that women's finals occur on the penultimate day of each event.
Career evolution (by age)
Updated after 2023 Australian Open.
Only players with three or more singles titles (won during the Open Era) are included.
Grand Slam titles
Men
Women
References
grand slam | wiki |
Watford Grammar School may refer to:
Watford Grammar School for Boys
Watford Grammar School for Girls | wiki |
Chinook is a cross between 'Bing' and 'Gil Peck' and was introduced in 1960 by Harold Fogle. 'Chinook' is similar to Bing but is sweeter and ripens 4 to 10 days sooner. 'Chinook' is a cross-pollinizer with 'Bing' and 'Van'.
'Chinook' was introduced as a black-fruited pollinizer for 'Bing' that could be shipped fresh. It has been removed from orchards because of its relatively soft flesh and serious rain cracking.
References
Cherry cultivars | wiki |
The national symbols of Serbia are things which are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Serbia and the Serbian people or Serbian culture. Some are established, official symbols; for example, the Coat of arms of Serbia, which has been codified in heraldry. Other symbols may not have official status, for one reason or another, but are likewise recognised at a national or international level.
Official symbols
Other symbols
See also
Serbs
National identity of Serbia
List of World Heritage sites in Serbia
References
External links
Serbian culture
History of the Serbs | wiki |
A bacon, egg and cheese sandwich is a breakfast sandwich popular in the United States and Canada. It is made with bacon, eggs (typically fried or scrambled), cheese and bread, which may be buttered and toasted. Many similar sandwiches exist, substituting alternate meat products for the bacon or using different varieties of cheese or bread.
Variations
A typical sandwich with these ingredients has about 20 grams of fat and of food energy. A version has been adapted to make a low-carbohydrate meal. In the United States, the bacon egg and cheese sandwich has also been modified into a prepackaged food product as a Hot Pocket ( and 7 grams of fat) and a Lean Pocket ( and 4.5 grams of fat).
See also
Bacon sandwich
List of sandwiches
References
Breakfast sandwiches
American sandwiches
Bacon sandwiches
Cheese sandwiches
Egg sandwiches
Food combinations | wiki |
Di seguito una lista degli episodi della quinta stagione di Mai dire sì. | wiki |
Korean may refer to:
People and culture
Koreans, ethnic group originating in the Korean Peninsula
Korean cuisine
Korean culture
Korean language
Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl
Korean dialects and the Jeju language
See also: North–South differences in the Korean language
Places
Korean Peninsula, a peninsula in East Asia
Korea, a region of East Asia
North Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
South Korea, the Republic of Korea
Other uses
Korean Air, flag carrier and the largest airline of South Korea
See also
Korean War, 1950–1953 war between North Korea and South Korea
Names of Korea, various country names used in international contexts
History of Korea, the history of Korea up to 1945
Language and nationality disambiguation pages | wiki |
Sofas may refer to:
Couch (plural), furniture for seating several persons
SOFA score (sequential organ failure assessment score), summarizes a patient's organ health or rate of failure within an intensive care unit (ICU)
Solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS), a dietary education project of the U.S. Department of Agriculture | wiki |
XLM may refer to:
Stellar Lumens cryptocurrency
Microsoft Excel macro
Xen Loadable Module
See also
XML
XL (disambiguation) | wiki |
"And Fools Shine On" is a song by the American rock band Brother Cane. It was released in 1995 as the lead single from their second album, Seeds. The song reached number-one on the US Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, ranking at number 5 on the year-end mainstream rock chart. The song also reached number 12 in Canada on the RPM Top Singles chart.
The song was used in the movie Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Personnel
Damon Johnson – vocals, guitar
David Anderson – guitar
Roman Glick – bass guitar
Joey Huffman – keyboards
Scott Collier – drums
References
1995 songs
Brother Cane songs
Virgin Records singles
Songs written by Marti Frederiksen
Songs written by Damon Johnson | wiki |
The Players may refer to:
In film
The Players (2012 film), a French film also known as Les Infidèles
The Players (2020 film), an Italian film also known as Gli infedeli
In music
The Players Band, an American ska band 2000s
The Players (American band), 1960s
The Players (Malagasy band), 1970s, with Eusèbe Jaojoby a member from 1975 to 1979 when it disbanded
The Players (Norwegian band), a Norwegian boyband
In organizations
The Players (Detroit, Michigan), an amateur actor's club in Detroit
The Players (New York City), Edwin Booth's historic actors' club in New York
In sports
One side in the annual Gentlemen v Players cricket match
The Players Championship, a golf tournament on the PGA Tour
See also
Players (disambiguation)
Player (disambiguation) | wiki |
A Small Silence is a 2019 novel by Nigerian poet and writer Jumoke Verissimo.
Plot
A Small Silence tells the story of Prof. who never turns on the light in his Lagos apartment where a female spirit who he can't see always visit him. The spirit who can't see him too, visits him only at night.
References
2019 Nigerian novels
Cassava Republic Press books | wiki |
Athletics was one of the nine sports of the 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games. The events were staged at the Thomas Robinson Stadium in Nassau, Bahamas between 20 and 23 July, shortly after the 2017 World U18 Championships in Athletics.
Medal summary
Boys
Girls
Mixed
Medal table
References
External links
Official website
Results
Commonwealth Youth Games
Athletics
2017
2017 Commonwealth Youth Games | wiki |
Mesovelia vittigera is a species of water treader in the genus Mesovelia, first described by Géza Horváth in 1895.
References
Mesoveliidae | wiki |
Total TV may refer to:
TotalTV, a Serbian television service
Total TV, Inc., a defunct American regional cable television company started by Jim Fitzgerald in 1964 and discontinued in 1998
TV total, a German TV show
Total TV (India), an Indian news channel
Total Television, an American television production company
Zazeen, a Canadian television service rebranded as Total TV in 2020 | wiki |
Timer, in informatica ed in particolare nell'ambito della programmazione, è un controllo che consente l'esecuzione di processi a specifici intervalli di tempo. I processi (task) possono essere pianificati per essere eseguiti una sola volta o ad intervalli di tempo regolari.
Ad ogni timer corrisponde un solo task, che viene eseguito solitamente in background, per non interferire nell'interazione dell'utente con il programma. Per questo motivo i Timer tasks (processi avviati dal timer) dovrebbero essere completati velocemente e con un minimo dispendio di risorse.
I Timer sono da distinguere dai clock, generalmente riferiti a segnali periodici usati in elettronica.
Voci correlate
Clock
Programmazione | wiki |
Wine and Spirits may refer to:
Wine & Spirit, a British wine and alcohol publication aimed at consumers and the drinks industry
Wine & Spirits, an American wine magazine
Wine and Spirits Fair Dealing Act, an infamous and short-lived Illinois law
See also
Wines & Spirits, 2007 album by Rahsaan Patterson | wiki |
Robert Dalziel may refer to:
Bobby Dalziel (active 1948–1956), Scottish footballer
Robert Dalzell (died 1758), known to be commonly misspelled as Dalziel
See also
Robert Dalzell (disambiguation), others similarly named | wiki |
The 15717 / 18 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways that runs between and in India.
It operates as train number 15717 from Guwahati to Mariani Junction and as train number 15718 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Assam.
Coaches
The 15717 / 18 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express has nine general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches. It does not carry a pantry car.
As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.
Service
The 15717 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express covers the distance of in 11 hours 15 mins (36 km/hr) & in 10 hours 30 mins as the 15718 Mariani Junction–Guwahati Intercity Express (38 km/hr).
As the average speed of the train is lower than , as per railway rules, its fare doesn't include a Superfast surcharge.
Routing
The 15717 / 18 Guwahati–Mariani Junction Intercity Express runs from Guwahati via , , to Mariani Junction.
Traction
As the route is going to electrification, a -based WDM-3D diesel locomotive pulls the train to its destination.
References
External links
15717 Intercity Express at India Rail Info
15718 Intercity Express at India Rail Info
Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains
Rail transport in Assam
Transport in Guwahati
Transport in Jorhat | wiki |
ABV peut faire référence à :
;
Apéritif à base de vin, tel le Cinzano Bianco ;
Le pourcentage volumique d'alcool (Alcohol By Volume). | wiki |
In the Sun may refer to:
In the Sun (Alexander Samokhvalov), a 1953 painting by Alexander Samokhvalov
In the Sun (Demetrio Cosola), a 1884 painting by Demetrio Cosola
"In the Sun" (Joseph Arthur song), covered by Michael Stipe
"In the Sun" (She & Him song)
"In the Sun", a song by Blondie from Blondie
"In the Sun", a song by Seam from The Pace Is Glacial
In the Sun, an album by Thomas Rusiak
See also
In the Sunlight, a 1915 American silent short film | wiki |
Esta é a filmografia da atriz norte-americana Mo'Nique.
Filmes e séries
Ligações externas
Mo'Nique | wiki |
Myer House may refer to:
Morton–Myer House, Boonville, Missouri
Myer House (Dublin, Ohio)
Sterling Myer House, Houston, TX, listed on the NRHP in Texas
See also
Myers House (disambiguation)
Meyer House (disambiguation)
Meyers House (disambiguation) | wiki |
The purpose of service-oriented device architecture (SODA) is to enable devices to be connected to a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Currently, developers connect enterprise services to an enterprise service bus (ESB) using the various web service standards that have evolved since the advent of XML in 1998. With SODA, developers are able to connect devices to the ESB and users can access devices in exactly the same manner that they would access any other web service.
External links
Service Oriented Device Architecture, IEEE Pervasive Computing September 2006
Presentation at EclipseCon 2007
Service-oriented (business computing) | wiki |
Jeddah is a port city in Saudi Arabia.
Jeddah may also refer to:
Jeddah (horse), a racehorse
Jeddah Club, a Saudi Arabian football club
, a passenger steamship
See also
Battle of Jeddah (disambiguation)
Treaty of Jeddah (disambiguation)
Jedda, an Australian film
Jidda Island, Bahrain
Jedha
Jeddah Tower | wiki |
Off-target activity is biological activity of a drug that is different from and not at that of its intended biological target. It most commonly contributes to side effects. However, in some cases, off-target activity can be taken advantage of for therapeutic purposes. An example of this is the repurposing of the antimineralocorticoid and diuretic spironolactone, which was found to produce feminization and gynecomastia as side effects, for use as an antiandrogen in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne and hirsutism in women.
See also
Antitarget
References
Bioactivity
Pharmacodynamics | wiki |
The first season of The O.C. commenced airing in the United States on August 5, 2003, concluded on May 5, 2004, and consisted of 27 episodes. It tells the story of "the Cohen and Cooper families, and Ryan [Atwood], a troubled teen from the wrong side of the tracks" who is thrust into the wealthy, harbor-front community of Newport Beach, Orange County, California and "will forever change the lives of the residents".
The first seven episodes of The O.C. aired in the US on Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m. on FOX, a terrestrial television network. Following a seven-week mid-season hiatus, the remainder of the season aired on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm. The season was released on DVD as a seven disc boxed set under the title of The O.C.: The Complete First Season on September 26, 2004, by Warner Bros. Home Video. On June 17, 2008, the season became available to purchase for registered users of the US iTunes Store.
In the United Kingdom the season premiere aired at 9:00 pm. Sunday March 7, 2004 on Channel 4 with the second episode airing immediately after, on sister station E4. After taking a hiatus over summer, the show returned in early September to a 1:00 p.m. slot as part of T4. In Canada it aired on CTV Television Network and in Australia it was first broadcast on Nine Network, but dropped it after three episodes. Network Ten subsequently picked up the show, airing it in its entirety.
Synopsis
It tells the story of "the Cohen and Cooper families, and high school Sophomore Ryan Atwood, a troubled teen from the wrong side of the tracks" who is thrust into the wealthy, harbor-front community of Newport Beach, Orange County, California and "will forever change the lives of the residents".
Cast and characters
Regular
Peter Gallagher as Sandy Cohen (27 episodes)
Kelly Rowan as Kirsten Cohen (27 episodes)
Benjamin McKenzie as Ryan Atwood (27 episodes)
Mischa Barton as Marissa Cooper (27 episodes)
Adam Brody as Seth Cohen (27 episodes)
Chris Carmack as Luke Ward (20 episodes)
Tate Donovan as Jimmy Cooper (24 episodes)
Melinda Clarke as Julie Cooper (episode 14 onwards; recurring ep. 1–13) (23 episodes)
Rachel Bilson as Summer Roberts (episode 14 onwards; recurring ep. 1–13) (27 episodes)
Recurring
Alan Dale as Caleb Nichol (14 episodes)
Samaire Armstrong as Anna Stern (13 episodes)
Amanda Righetti as Hailey Nichol (10 episodes)
Navi Rawat as Theresa Diaz (8 episodes)
Ashley Hartman as Holly Ficher (6 episodes)
Taylor Handley as Oliver Trask (6 episodes)
Shailene Woodley as Kaitlin Cooper (6 episodes)
Bonnie Somerville as Rachel Hoffman (5 episodes)
Kim Oja as Taryn Baker (4 episodes)
Rosalind Chao as Dr Kim (3 episodes)
Episodes
Crew
The season was produced by Warner Bros. Television, Hypnotic (now Dutch Oven) and Wonderland. The executive producers were creator Josh Schwartz, Doug Liman, Dave Bartis and McG, with showrunner Bob DeLaurentis joining them after the pilot episode. Melissa Rosenberg and Allan Heinberg served as co-executive producers. Stephanie Savage was supervising producer and Loucas George producer. The staff writers were Schwartz, Savage, Heinberg, Rosenberg, Jane Espenson, Debra J. Fisher, Erica Messer, Brian Oh, J.J. Philbin and Liz Friedman. The regular directors throughout the season were Liman, Sanford Bookstaver, Michael Lange, Patrick Norris, Michael Fresco, James Marshall and Sandy Smolan.
Casting
The initial season had nine major roles receive star billing. Ben McKenzie portrayed protagonist Ryan Atwood, a troubled teenager who is thrust into the wealthy lifestyle of Newport. Mischa Barton played the girl next door, Marissa Cooper, with Tate Donovan starring as her financially troubled father Jimmy. Adam Brody acted as geeky ostracized teenager Seth Cohen with Kelly Rowan playing his mother Kirsten, the powerful businesswoman, and Peter Gallagher portraying his father, Sandy, a public defense attorney. Chris Carmack portrayed Marissa's boyfriend Luke Ward. Originally only guest stars, Melinda Clarke starred as Marissa's mother, Julie Cooper, and Rachel Bilson played Summer Roberts, best friend to Marissa and Seth's object of affection. Both gained contracts to the main cast list after thirteen episodes.
Numerous supporting characters were given expansive and recurring appearances in the progressive storyline, including Samaire Armstrong as Anna Stern, Alan Dale as wealthy businessman and father of Kirstin, Caleb Nichol. Taylor Handley played Oliver Trask, a psychotic character who viewers loved to hate. Amanda Righetti starred as Kirstin's younger sister Hailey Nichol. Navi Rawat played Theresa Diaz, childhood sweetheart of Ryan. Bonnie Somerville acted as Rachel Hoffman, a former colleague of Sandy, and Ashley Hartman portrayed Holly Fischer a friend of Marissa and Summer.
Other guest stars in recurring roles include Linda Lavin as Nana Cohen, Daphne Ashbrook as Ryan's mother Dawn and Michael Nouri as Summer's father Neil. Actors Bradley Stryker, as Ryan's brother Trey, and Shailene Woodley, as Marissa's younger sister Kaitlin, were both only guest stars at this point. However, both these characters, portrayed by different actors, would return to a larger role in later seasons.
Reception
The pilot episode of the season gained 7.5 million viewers and was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for best episodic drama. As the season progressed, ratings picked up with 8 million viewers tuning into for the third episode and 8.6 million viewers watching the fourth installment. This resulted in FOX initially ordering an additional six episodes. The season was split into two parts, the first consisting of seven episodes shown weekly, which averaged 8.43 million viewers. This was followed by a seven-week hiatus, in which FOX announced it had ordered another five episodes, bringing the total season to twenty-seven.
The time-slot for the second half of the season was originally planned for Thursday nights, but facing competition from CSI: Crime Scene Investigation on CBS and Will & Grace on NBC it was moved to Wednesday nights at 9:00 p.m. instead. Overall season one was the highest-rated new drama of the season among adults aged 18 to 34, averaging a total of 9.7 million viewers. The show picked up four Teen Choice Awards and was nominated for another two, as well as getting nominated for the Outstanding New Program TCA Award. In the UK, its two showings a week averaged 1.2 million viewers, and it was one of the highest rating Sunday daytime programs, also attracting fans to E4 on Monday nights. It was also well received in Australia, picking up a Logie Award for Most Popular Overseas Program in 2005.
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 77% approval rating with an average rating of 6.56/10 based on 22 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Even though it lacks an original take on teen angst, The O.C. functions well enough for its target audience, churning plenty of soap storylines out of a talented cast." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 67 out of 100 based on reviews from 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". However, the show did come in for some criticism. San Jose Mercury News criticized the plot and the casting saying that "the storylines usually involve the obligatory three-episode-arc drug problems or lost virginity with dialogue designed to keep a dog up to speed", and that "Whoever at FOX thought Benjamin McKenzie (Ryan on "The O.C.") could pass for anything younger than 25 should be fired". A DVD review was critical of the repetitive plot stating that "the Ryan-Marissa fol-de-rol gets tiresome as it devolves into relentless bad timing", while Entertainment Weekly did not think the acting was always up to scratch, stating "it's unfortunate to have all this potential for arm-flinging drama invested in Barton, an actress who can be as flat as a paper doll". It was also denounced for excessive brawling and glamorizing underage drinking.
DVD release
The DVD release of season one was released by Warner Bros. in the US on October 26, 2004, after it had completed broadcast on television. As well as every episode from the season, the DVD release features bonus material including a preview of the second season, deleted scenes, audio commentary and behind-the-scenes featurettes.
References
External links
Episode guide at Warner Bros.' The OC Insider
Season 1
2003 American television seasons
2004 American television seasons | wiki |
Anguish is a 2015 American horror film written and directed by Sonny Mallhi. It marks his directorial debut. The film had its world premiere on July 21, 2015 at the Fantasia International Film Festival and stars Ryan Simpkins as a young woman whose mental issues may be a result of the paranormal.
Plot
A teenage girl named Lucy (Amberley Gridley) and her mother Sarah (Karina Logue) are driving when Lucy asks her mother if she can go on a camping trip. When Sarah tells Lucy no, Lucy angrily gets out of the car only to be hit by an oncoming car.
Tess (Ryan Simpkins), a teenage girl that has suffered for years from what appears to be mental instability, has moved into a new house with her mother Jessica (Annika Marks), hoping to have a new start. As Tess and her mother are settling in, Tess skateboards by the road where Lucy was hit-while observing the cross that has Lucy's picture on it, an unseen force pushes Tess down in the dirt and won't let her leave. Eventually Tess is able to get up and walk home but is now beginning to see phenomena that Tess attributes to her hallucinations. Tess eventually comes upon Sarah's bookstore and says something to Sarah that only Lucy would know, which leaves Sarah suspicious. Eventually, Tess is forced to confront her hallucinations and looks into a mirror and witnesses her eye color changing from blue to brown repeatedly. After having what seems like a mental breakdown, Tess eventually collapses by the front door just as Jessica returns from work. Tess is taken to the hospital where she is put on constant supervision, medication and therapy. A priest from Jessica's local church comes by to see Tess and suggests that possession may be involved.
Tess is discharged and returns to her bedroom to see that Jessica boarded up Tess' bedroom window for Tess' protection. After still exhibiting paranormal phenomena and refusing to eat, Jessica is driving Tess into town when Tess suddenly lunges from the car and runs off into a neighborhood and eventually reaches Sarah and Lucy's house. Tess embraces Sarah while Jessica, who had followed Tess, looks on in confusion and fear. While 'Tess' explores Lucy's bedroom, Sarah explains to Jessica that Tess may have a gift where she can channel spirits and let them take possession of her own body so they can say goodbye to their loved ones and move on. Sarah believes that Lucy has taken possession of Tess and that by talking to Lucy through Tess' body, she can convince Lucy to move on. At first, Lucy says she does not want to leave and that Tess does not want to return because she is tired of the doctors and constant medicine but Sarah tells Lucy that moving on is the right thing to do and Lucy eventually agrees. Lucy leaves Tess' body, but another spirit has apparently entered Tess' body and lunges from the bed and tries to run away only to have Sarah and Jessica lock Tess in the basement. Jessica goes down to find Tess, promising that she'll do better as a parent, only to have 'Tess' run up and fight with her. After a struggle, Jessica is looking at Tess in fear when Lucy reenters Tess' body and wants to see her mother.
Lucy asks for one more night with her mother and Jessica agrees. After the night is over, Sarah tells Lucy that it's time to move on and Lucy exits Tess' body, finding herself in a type of spirit world surrounded by other spirits. Lucy wanders until she finds Tess who reveals that she wants to go back and hugs Lucy. Suddenly, an invisible force attacks Lucy and a bright light appears to signify that Lucy has moved on. Tess returns to her body and life seems to go back to normal, her mother not sure if Tess has improved or not. Later, in the coffee shop, Tess is asked her name but doesn't reply. Back at home, Tess is playing and singing a song (the same one Lucy made up while swinging) on her guitar; she looks up and her eye color changes from blue to brown.
Cast
Ryan Simpkins as Tess
Annika Marks as Jessica
Karina Logue as Sarah
Cliff Chamberlain as Robert
Amberley Gridley as Lucy
Ryan O'Nan as Father Meyers
Paulina Olszynski as Morgan
Anthony Corrado as Peter
Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 62% of 13 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 5.5/10. Michael Gingold of Fangoria called it "the creepiest and most resonant American independent horror film since It Follows". Much of the film's praise centered on its acting, particularly that of Simpkins, and its predominantly-female cast, which Film School Rejects considered "especially satisfying". Twitch Film also praised Anguish, stating that it was "a thrilling debut from Sonny Mallhi" and that the "results are quietly horrifying and heartbreaking." Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Although elegantly shot, powerfully acted and possessing a forbiddingly ominous atmosphere, Anguish is too exploitative for the artsy crowd and too subtle for genre fans." Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian rated it 2/5 stars and wrote, "Sonny Mallhi’s non-scary thriller offers neither supernatural chills nor real-world psychological insights."
References
External links
2015 films
2015 horror films
American supernatural horror films
American ghost films
2015 directorial debut films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films | wiki |
.java may refer to:
a file extension of software source files in the Java programming language, see Java (programming language)
an internet top level domain, see List of Internet top-level domains | wiki |
een paperclip
een videoclip
een clip uit de numismatiek, zie Clip (numismatiek)
een afkorting voor Calling Line Identification Presentation (nummerweergave) | wiki |
Yamb is a public domain dice game similar to Yacht and Yahtzee (trademarked by Hasbro in the United States).
Gameplay
Yamb can be played solitaire or by any number of players. Players take turns rolling five dice. After each roll, the player chooses which dice to keep, and which to reroll. A player may reroll some or all of the dice up to two times on a turn. The player must put a score or zero into a score box each turn. The game ends when all score boxes are used. The player with the highest total score wins the game.
The table consists of several columns (usually 4 or 6) and two sections.
Each column is filled according to the following rules:
Basic columns
Up - The column fills down from top to bottom (first you need to enter the category of ones, then twos, etc.).
Down - The column fills up from the bottom to top (first you need to enter the yamb category, then carriage, etc.).
Free (or Random) - The column is filled without any restrictions.
Announce - To make an entry in this column you have to submit declarations after first turn giving the desired category. The entry can not then be changed.
Extra columns
It is possible to expand the game with additional columns selected at the discretion of the players. The most common additional columns include:
Up-Down - The column fills up from bottom and top at the same time.
Middle - The column fills in both directions (from MIN up and from MAX down)
Hand - the entry into the column can be made only after first roll. (Without the two rerolls)
Maximum - column entry can only be made when the point value is close to the maximum value.
Scoring
The following combinations earn points:
Upper Section
Ones: The sum of all dice showing the number 1.
Twos: The sum of all dice showing the number 2.
Threes: The sum of all dice showing the number 3.
Fours: The sum of all dice showing the number 4.
Fives: The sum of all dice showing the number 5.
Sixes: The sum of all dice showing the number 6.
If a player manages to score at least 63 points (an average of three of each number) in the upper section, they are awarded a bonus of 30 points.
Lower Section
Two Pairs and Full House must have different numbers so that the combination 15566 will score 32 as Two Pairs, but 15555 will score nothing in that category.
Differences from Yahtzee
Yahtzee rules and scoring categories are somewhat different from Yamb:
The bonus for reaching 63 or more points in the Upper Section is 30 points.
Yahtzee does not have the "Two Pair" categories.
Full House scores a fixed 25 points.
Small Straight is any four sequential dice (1-2-3-4, 2-3-4-5, or 3-4-5-6) and scores a fixed 30 points while Large Straight is any five sequential dice (1-2-3-4-5 or 2-3-4-5-6) and scores 40 points.
Four of a kind scores a sum of all dice without any extra points.
Five of a kind (Yahtzee) scores a fixed 50 points.
Yahtzee introduces Yahtzee bonuses and a Joker rule when a player scores a second Yahtzee.
Yahtzee has a "Chance" category instead of "MIN" and "MAX" categories.
Yahtzee does not have the columns.
See also
Game design
References
Sequence dice games
pl:Kości (gra)#Yamb | wiki |
The 2010 WPS Expansion Draft was a special draft for the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) expansion team Western New York Flash that took place on November 20, 2010. The Flash had the opportunity to make nine player selections from the existing seven WPS teams.
Format
Existing teams may protect up to 10 players, but must leave a minimum of 3 unprotected. (Free agents are not included in either category.)
Expansion team must each select one player from each existing team prior to selecting a second player from an existing team.
Existing team may protect one additional player after losing their first player.
Existing team may protect all players after losing their second player.
An existing team may not lose more than two players.
Expansion team may select a total of nine players.
Expansion Draft Results
References
See also
List of WPS drafts
2011 WPS season
2010
Expansion Draft
WPS Expansion Draft | wiki |
Many Happy Returns is an American sitcom that ran on CBS for twenty-six episodes, from September 21, 1964 to April 12, 1965. General Foods sponsored it from 9:30 to 10 Eastern Time on Monday nights.
Personnel
The show starred John McGiver as widower Walter Burnley, the manager of the Adjustments and Refunds Department at the fictitious Krockmeyer's Department Store in Los Angeles. Elinor Donahue played Burnley's daughter, Joan Randall. Mark Goddard played Joan's husband, Bob Randall. The Randalls' daughter, Laurie, was played by Andrea Sacino.
Elena Verdugo played complaint department employee Lynn Hall, with Richard Collier as Harry Price, Jesslyn Fax as Wilma Fritter, and Mickey Manners as Joe Foley, all store employees. Doris Packer played Cornelia. Russell Collins was cast as Burnley's demanding, often unreasonable boss, Owen Sharp.
Parke Levy was the program's creator and executive producer. Directors included Theodore J. Flicker, Stanley Z. Cherry, and Sherman Marks. Writers included Earl Barret, Hannibal Coons, Sid Dorfman, Phil Green, Harvey Helm, Albert E. Lewin, Norman Paul, and Harry Winkler.
David Rose and Levy composed the show's theme.
Production
Many Happy Returns was produced by MGM Studios and Lindabob Productions. Episodes were filmed in black-and-white with a laugh track.
Episodes
History
Many Happy Returns ran opposite The Bing Crosby Show on ABC and The Andy Williams Show on NBC It was replaced by reruns of The Danny Thomas Show.
See also
1964-65 United States network television schedule
References
External links
1960s American sitcoms
1960s American workplace comedy television series
1964 American television series debuts
1965 American television series endings
CBS original programming
Television shows set in Los Angeles
Black-and-white American television shows
Department stores in fiction
English-language television shows
Television series by MGM Television
Television series set in shops | wiki |
Home Front is a lifestyle television series that aired on TVNZ's channel Television One in New Zealand. It combines "home makeover" ideas, home maintenance and DIY tips, and guided tours around the homes of well-known New Zealanders. The series premiered on 6 July 2000 with several series of 13 episodes each.
Home Front was hosted by Jayne Kiely, Dave Cull, and Sally Ridge, each of whom covered a particular area of the show. Kiely was the primary presenter, and also presented the guided tours. Cull presented hints and advice for DIYers (do-it-yourselfers), and Ridge presented the home makeovers section of the show.
Originally hosted by Alison Mau, until she left TVNZ for Prime Television, this series was hugely successful for TV One. A rushed reshoot, of Jayne Kiely fronting many stories previously shot using Alison Mau, added to the demise of the series when it was finally axed in 2005.
External links
TVNZ Home Front page
References
New Zealand reality television series
TVNZ 1 original programming
2000s New Zealand television series
2000 New Zealand television series debuts
2005 New Zealand television series endings
Gardening television | wiki |
Recaíto (also sometimes called sofrito) is a cooking base made of pureed aromatics. Its distinctive green color comes from the inclusion of green peppers and herbs. Recaíto does not usually include tomatoes, although they may be added for extra flavor.
Preparation
Recaíto is mix of onions, garlic, ajicitos, green bell pepper, and much cilantro and culantro. All of the ingredients are blended until smooth.
Cooking
Ham, salted pork, and/or tocino (bacon) is first browned in a pot with oil, lard, olive oil or annatto oil. Recaíto is then added and is cooked until most of its liquid has evaporated. When done, tomato sauce (as a thickener or bonding agent) is added with a mix of stuffed olives and capers called alcaparrado, spices and dry herbs. Legumes and other meats are then added to the pot and slowly cooked. Recaíto is usually a base for stews, soups and picadillo in most Puerto Rican homes.
Origin
Recaíto originally refers to a message or an order made. When most people did not have refrigeration, they had to buy an onion, cilantro leaves, and peppers to mash in a pilon. Usually a housewife would leave an order (recado) for these ingredients to be picked up later. It is said that this is the origin of the word recaíto, which translates to English as "little order/errand".
External links
Recaíto recipe
Puerto Rican cuisine | wiki |
Anne Patterson may refer to:
People
Anne M. Patterson (born 1959), Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court
Anne W. Patterson (born 1949), U.S. diplomat, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs
Anne Patterson (artist) (born 1960), American designer, painter and sculptor
See also
Ann Patterson, American jazz musician
Anna Patterson, Vice President of Engineering, Artificial Intelligence at Google | wiki |
Kyo-hwa-so No. 3 Sinuiju(신의주 3호 교화소) is a "reeducation camp" in North Pyongan, North Korea. It holds roughly 2,500 prisoners.
See also
Human Rights in North Korea
Kaechon concentration camp
References
External links
Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: The Hidden Gulag - Overview of North Korean prison camps with testimonies and satellite photographs
Concentration camps in North Korea | wiki |
Terravision may refer to:
Terravision (computer program)
Terravision (Italian company)
See also
Terrorvision (disambiguation) | wiki |
Telishment is an act by the authorities of punishing a suspect in order to deter future wrongdoers, even though they know that the suspect is innocent. If supporters of these theories believe in the effectiveness of telishment as a deterrent, opponents claim that they must bite the bullet and also hold that telishment is ethically justified.
See also
The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
Sources
Ethics
Utilitarianism
Punishment | wiki |
30 North LaSalle is a 553 ft (169m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was completed in 1975 and has 44 floors. Thomas E. Stanley designed the building, which is the 81st tallest in Chicago. It is built on the site of the Chicago Stock Exchange Building.
Tenants
Telephone and Data Systems
See also
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
References
Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago
Office buildings completed in 1975
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gold certified buildings
1975 establishments in Illinois | wiki |
Page protection may refer to:
In computer architecture, memory protection with page granularity
NX bit, no-execute page protection
On Wikipedia, the protection policy, about the protection of articles so they can only be edited by established editors | wiki |
Perifolliculitis is the presence of inflammatory cells in the skin around the hair follicles. It is often found accompanying folliculitis, or inflammation of the hair follicle itself. It can have infectious or non-infectious causes.
References
Dermatitis
Inflammations | wiki |
Janus Stark may refer to one of the following:
Janus Stark, a 1960s British comic strip by Tom Tully and Francisco Solano López.
Janus Stark (band), a British punk band named after this comic strip. | wiki |
High-low skirts, also known as asymmetrical, waterfall, or mullet skirts, are skirts with a hem that is higher in the front, or side, than in the back.
History
The high-low skirt has a full circle hem. However, the length varies from short in front to long in back. The style originates in Victorian era dresses and formal gowns, when the hem style became known as the "fishtail". During the 19th century, it became a trend in the mid-1870s, reappearing in the early 1880s, and later in women's formal gowns and evening dresses throughout the 20th century, particularly in the late 1920s and early 1930s, where lowering hemlines were a mask that would start off 1930s silhouettes.
The recent high-low skirt hem trend began in late 2011. The high-low skirt became a trend in Europe and America in late 2011, eventually becoming a worldwide fashion in Spring and Summer 2012. It has received fashion press coverage in India, such as in the fashion labels Namrata Joshipura and Myoho, being praised for its "playfulness". It received widespread visibility outside of fashion circles after The Voice contestant Devyn DeLoera wore a peach-coloured high-low skirt for her audition in summer 2012.
The skirt style has been given a variety of names by designers and the press, including asymmetrical and waterfall, with the most common and derisive term being "mullet skirt", used by Britain's Mirror newspaper in criticising a version worn by singer Cher Lloyd in April 2012, a mocking reference to the now unfashionable mullet hairstyle that was a brief men's fad in the 1980s. However, some high-low dress wearers have embraced the term, referring to their own dress as a mullet dress.
Asymmetric peplum trend
A related trend in 2011 and 2012 is the asymmetric peplum hem on shirts, sweaters and jackets for women. The peplum, a broad ruffled hem that is fitted at the waist and flares outward, has been a recurring fashion trend in Europe for centuries, and was last popular in Europe and North America during the 1940s and 1950s. An asymmetric version has been brought to women's fashion in 2012, but not all consumers find it flattering, with one American stating, "I do not believe it hides large hips and behinds, and the new asymmetrical peplums should only be worn by the tall and thin".
See also
Handkerchief hem
Skirt
Hem
References
Skirts
History of clothing | wiki |
Androïde, een mensachtige robot
Android (besturingssysteem), een besturingssysteem voor mobiele telefoons en tabletapparaten
Android (bordspel), een bordspel uit 2008
Android (film), een sciencefictionfilm uit 1982
Android Magazine, een Nederlands tijdschrift
Android Saga, Dragon Ball Z
Android 8
Android 13
Android 14
Android 15
Android 16
Android 17
Android 18
Android 19
Android 20 | wiki |
The United States levies excise taxes on both legal and illegal gambling transactions.
IRS Form 730, Tax on Wagering, is used to compute excise taxes for both legal and illegal wagers of certain types. For state authorized wagers placed with bookmakers and lottery operators there is a tax of 0.25% of the wager, if it is legal. If the wager is not legal, the tax is 2% of the wager.
External links
United States Internal Revenue Service FAQ on the Federal Wagering Tax
Taxation in the United States
Excises | wiki |
Va Bank may refer to:
Va banque, a gambling expression meaning to risk all on one bet
Va banque (film), a 1920 film
Va-Bank, the Former Soviet Republic of Georgian licensed version of Deal or No Deal
Va Banque, the Polish licensed version in the Jeopardy! franchise
Vabank, a 1981 film | wiki |
A finger bowl is a bowl of water that dinner guests use for rinsing their fingers. In a formal meal, the finger bowl is brought to the table at the time of the dessert course of the meal, and guests set it aside for use after the last course, just before leaving the table. In less formal service, the finger bowl may be presented after any course that involves finger food and may even be presented after more than one such course in a single meal.
Formal service
In formal service, the finger bowl is most commonly brought to the table with the dessert plate; there is a linen doily under the bowl, and the dessert fork and spoon are placed on either side of the bowl. The arrangement of plates and flatware are set before each guest, who then move the flatware to the sides of the dessert plate, and move the finger bowl with the doily to the upper left of the plate. "This is the only time during a formal meal that a guest takes part in placing the appointments for a course".
If a separate fruit course follows dessert, the finger bowl is instead brought in with the fruit plate and fruit fork and knife, arranged as they would be on a dessert plate. Alternatively, a full array of dessert and fruit dishes can be brought out at once, with the finger bowl on top of the dessert plate with its fork and spoon, and the dessert plate on top of the fruit plate, with doilies between each dish; in this type of service, the fruit fork and knife are brought out after the dessert plates and silver are cleared.
After dessert (or after the fruit, if that forms the last course), guests lightly dip their fingertips into the water, one hand at a time, and then wipe them on the napkin in their lap.
In a very formal service, "where there are plenty of servants, the finger bowl may not come in on the fruit plate but may be brought on its own serving plate, replacing the used fruit plate before the guests leave the table for coffee."
Practices have varied by time and place. The bowl may be "less than half" or as much as "three-quarters" filled with water. A glass ornament, flower, flower petals, lemon slice, sprig of mint or other decoration is often floated in it; others advise against adding a slice of lemon. Some writers advise against using the finger bowl to wet the mouth; others allow it.
Informal service
In high-end American restaurants of the early to mid-20th century, finger bowls were presented at the end of the meal. In chop houses and lobster palaces of the period, finger bowls were often presented after any course with finger foods or drawn butter.
In some styles of informal and restaurant service and at very large gatherings, the dessert fork and spoon are set above the top edge of the plate at the start of the meal (a practice considered incorrect at dinner parties). In that style of service, near the end of the meal, the finger bowl is presented with the dessert plate, similar to formal service; and the guests set the bowl aside and move the fork and spoon to the sides of the plate for the dessert course. After dessert, the guests use the finger bowl before leaving the table.
In a form of service commonly seen in the early 21st century, guests use the finger bowl before dessert and fruit, rather than after. This innovation, possibly resulting from ignorance of correct usage, is of unknown and apparently recent origin.
Unfamiliarity with finger bowls has led to many common faux pas, including drinking the water, eating the flower, or failing to move the doily with the bowl when shifting it off of the dessert plate.
Decline
The decline of the finger bowl in American restaurants began during the war effort during World War I when everyone was encouraged to minimize excess. Before that, "live music and finger bowls were two amenities put forward as competitive attractions over places that didn't have them." Despite the general decline in use, finger-bowl service continued at some venues well into the 20th century.
See also
Oshibori, a Japanese wet hand towel used to clean hands
Wet wipe
References
Further reading
Witchel, Alex (February 22, 2006) "Ripples in a Finger Bowl", New York Times
Hygiene
Serving and dining
Tableware | wiki |
Handkerchief skirts are skirts with asymmetric hems, created from fabric panels of different lengths sewn together, to create a hem with several corners that hang down as points. The hem resembles a handkerchief that is held by the centre so that its corners hang down as points.
History
Handkerchief hems have been used in women's tops and skirt hems for centuries in many cultures, to add a flattering drape, especially over the hips. They can be seen in women's clothing in art from Ancient Greece, and appeared in Parisian fashions in the 1910s-1920s, such as the dresses of designer Madeleine Vionnet. Jean Patou followed Vionnet's lead, using the handkerchief hem to transition hemlines away from the shorter Flapper styles he had helped popularize, and towards the longer lengths that were fashionable during the 1930s.
In the simplest design, a square of fabric is cut with an opening in the middle for the waistband. When the skirt is put on, the four corners hang down as points. More panels of material can be used to increase the number of corners, or points, along the hem.
Revival
In the first decade of the 21st century, handkerchief hems returned as a trend in women's clothing. Since the design involves pleats that drape, the effect is achieved with lightweight, flowing fabrics. In 2003, the trend was evident in bohemian styles such as designs by American clothing label Free People. In 2004, handkerchief hems were modelled at Milan fashion shows.
See also
Skirt
Hem
References
Skirts
History of clothing | wiki |
Slither may refer to:
Slithering, a form of limbless terrestrial locomotion
Film and television
Slither (1973 film), a comedy directed by Howard Zieff
Slither (2006 film), a comedy horror film directed by James Gunn
"Slither" (Sliders), an episode of Sliders
"Slither" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent), an episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Slither (The Secret Circle), the 5th episode of the first season of the CW television series The Secret Circle
Comics and games
Slither (comics), a fictional Marvel Comics mutant villain
Slither, a 1982 arcade game, or its ColecoVision port
Slither.io, a 2016 massively multiplayer browser game featuring snakes
Music
Slither (album), a 2000 album by Earth Crisis
"Slither" (song), a 2004 song by Velvet Revolver
"Slither", a song by Metallica from ReLoad
"Slither", a song by Opeth from Heritage
Other uses
Cold Slither
Slitherlink, a logic puzzle developed by publisher Nikoli | wiki |
Dorothy Johnson may refer to:
Dorothy Johnson (actress) (born 1936), American model and actress
Dorothy M. Johnson (1905–1984), American author of Western fiction
Dorothy Vena Johnson (1898–1970), American poet and educator
Dorothy E. Johnson (1919–1999), American nursing theorist
See also
Dorothy Johnston (born 1948), Australian author of crime and literary fiction
Dorothy Johnstone (1892–1980), Scottish artist | wiki |
Sweet Sugar may refer to:
Sweet Sugar, nickname of Bradley Pryce
Sweet Sugar (film), 1972 women in prison film, starring Phyllis Davis and Ella Edwards
"Sweet Sugar", 1980 song from The Sky's the Limit (The Dynamic Superiors album)
"Sweet Sugar", 1995 song by Uriah Heep from Sea of Light (album)
"Sweet Sugar", 2008 song by One Night Only from album Started a Fire
See also
Sweet (disambiguation)
Sugar (disambiguation)
Brown Sugar (disambiguation)
Sweet Brown Sugar (disambiguation)
Sugar Is Not Sweet, Thai film | wiki |
may refer to:
Edith Finch Russell (1900–1978), writer, biographer, and the fourth wife of Bertrand Russell.
Edith Rosenbaum (1879–1975), American fashion buyer, stylist and correspondent for Women's Wear Daily, best remembered for surviving the 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic; due to rampant anti-German sentiment in Paris during and just after the World War I, Rosenbaum anglicized her surname to "Russell." | wiki |
Start the Fire may refer to:
"Start the Fire" (Alcazar song), 2005
"Start the Fire" (Tarkan song), 2006
See also
Firelighting, the process of artificially starting a fire
Arson, crime of intentionally or maliciously igniting a fire
Pyromania, disorder of pleasure to start fires
"We Didn't Start the Fire", song by Billy Joel
Firestarter (disambiguation)
Start a Fire (disambiguation) | wiki |
Morchella ulmaria is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae. It was described as new to science in 2012 by Philippe Clowez. Later in the same year, Michael Kuo and colleagues described Morchella cryptica, which is a junior synonym of M. ulmaria. The species occurs in the forests of Midwestern North America, often associated with white ash (Fraxinus americana), the American tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) or species of maple or elm. It is closely related to M. castanea and 2 unnamed species from Asia.
The range of M. ulmaria overlaps with M. americana, which cannot be reliably distinguished from M. ulmaria without DNA sampling.
References
External links
ulmaria
Edible fungi
Fungi described in 2012
Fungi of North America | wiki |
Asfanakhia (), is an Arab dish of cut meat with spinach and chickpeas.
History
It was mentioned in “Al-Tabikh” in 1225 by Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Baghdadi:
"It is made by taking a fatty cut of meat and cut into medium pieces. The rump is then taken, cut lengthwise and the fat separated from the meat. The meat is added to the fat in a pot and mixed. Then, fill the pot with water and add salt at the boil. Then boil and remove the fatty foam and add soaked and peeled chick peas. Fresh spinach is washed with water, then chop the leafy bit and discard the stalk. Beat the spinach in a stone mortar and add to the pot. When it's ready, add landmint, cumin, crushed pepper, mastic and finely crushed garlic. Then increase the pot water as needed and simmer. After an hour add washed rice as much as needed. Then leave it on low heat for another hour and serve.
See also
Arab cuisine
References
Arab cuisine | wiki |
According to the Book of Mormon, Gideon was a faithful Nephite leader, a strong man, and an enemy to King Noah. After King Noah's expulsion and death by fire, Gideon counseled with Noah's son, King Limhi. He proposed a plan for escaping from Lamanite bondage. Gideon grew to be an old man, and was killed by Nehor. After his death, a city of the Nephites was named after him.
References
Book of Mormon people | wiki |
A modern development and belief that the progress of knowledge is the result of distinct and independent spheres, and that knowledge in one discipline has little connection with knowledge in another discipline. Thus, specialists pursue their work in isolation from one another rather than as aspects of a unity or whole.
See also
Integrated human studies, an example of a counter approach to specialization
Knowledge | wiki |
Cestisti inseriti nell'NBA All-Rookie Team per il periodo 1980-1990
Elenco
Note
Rookie | wiki |
The men's 102 kg competition at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships was held on 25 September 2019.
The "world standards" were established by the International Weightlifting Federation as the minimum lifts that would be recognized as new world records after the prior world records were discarded in a reorganization of the weight categories. They have yet to be achieved in competition.
Schedule
Medalists
Records
Results
References
Results
Men's 102 kg | wiki |
Cestisti inseriti nell'NBA All-Rookie Team per il periodo 1990-2000
Elenco
Note
Rookie | wiki |
Neal Martin may refer to:
Neal Martin (ice hockey)
Neal Martin (wine critic)
See also
Neil Martin (disambiguation) | wiki |
Cestisti inseriti nell'NBA All-Rookie Team per il periodo 2000-2010
Elenco
Note
Rookie | wiki |
This is a list of world lightweight boxing champions by organization, as recognized by four of the better-known sanctioning organizations:
The World Boxing Association (WBA), founded in 1921 as the National Boxing Association (NBA),
The World Boxing Council (WBC), founded in 1963,
The International Boxing Federation (IBF), founded in 1983,
The World Boxing Organization (WBO), founded in 1988
World
WBC
WBA
IBF
WBO
See also
List of British world boxing champions
References
External links
Ken Buchanan - Lightweight Champion of the World - Ken Buchanan site with detailed bio, statistics, full fights and more
https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1942
https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/National_Boxing_Association%27s_Quarterly_Ratings:_1943
Lightweight Champions
World boxing champions by weight class | wiki |
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) (American Hockey League)
Hamilton Bulldogs (OHL) (Ontario Hockey League) | wiki |
"Election Day" is the 19th episode of the third season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 67th episode overall. This episode originally aired on ABC on April 11, 2012. It was written by Ben Karlin, and directed by Bryan Cranston.
Plot
The day of the council elections, for which Claire (Julie Bowen) is running, has come and everyone in the family is assigned a task to help her get as many votes as possible.
Cameron (Eric Stonestreet) and Mitchell (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) campaign for Claire in a truck with a loud speaker from which they urge people to vote for Claire. They do really well till the moment Cameron sees someone tossing a tissue on the street instead of the garbage can that is right next to them. Cameron gets upset and shouts to the man via the speaker to pick it up. When the man does it, they realize the power of the microphone and they begin using it for reasons unrelated to Claire's campaign.
When they see a friend named Sandy (Melinda Page Hamilton) on the street, they start commenting on her fiancé and saying that he is gay. The only problem is that the microphone is on and Sandy, along with everyone else on the street, hears the “private” conversation. Now they have to convince Sandy that her fiancé is not gay.
Phil's (Ty Burrell) task is to drive 50 senior citizens to the polls to vote for Claire but he only manages to transport one, their neighbor and Luke's (Nolan Gould) best friend Walt (Philip Baker Hall). Walt first remembers that he needs his glasses to be able to vote and then his oxygen tank needs to be changed. Phil is willing to take him back home to change it, but Walt does not have a second one at home so they need to go and buy one. Later, Walt needs food to take his pills and he will not vote until he eats and has his pills. The result is that the polls close and Phil gets only one extra vote for Claire instead of fifty.
Meanwhile, Alex (Ariel Winter) is in charge of the phone banks and she supervises everyone so they do their part right but no one seems to do it right. Luke promises that if they vote for Claire they will not have to pay taxes again and Alex tries to explain to him that he can not say that. Gloria (Sofía Vergara) finds it difficult to convince people to vote for Claire via the phone when in person is much easier and Alex explains to her that that's exactly the reason; in person they can actually see her. Manny (Rico Rodriguez) is the only one who manages to get some people to vote for Claire while Haley (Sarah Hyland) is worried about other things since she has been rejected from all five colleges she applied to and she did not tell anyone. There is only one left for which she is afraid to open the letter.
Jay (Ed O'Neill) does not really have a task, he just needs to vote. While going to the polls with Gloria and Manny, he sees that a woman he slept with is working the polls and he runs away. He later explains to Gloria why he left. Dottie (Stephanie Faracy) is the first woman he dated after his divorce and the way he ended it was not the best. He returns to the polls and tries to vote while Dottie is not there but he runs into her the moment he has to put his ballot in the box. Dottie takes the ballot and she refuses to put it in the box. As a result, Jay does not even vote for his daughter.
In the meantime, Claire is being interviewed at the polls by a local newspaper reporter who does not even recognize her as the candidate. Before the reporter takes a picture of her, Alex notices a tag sticking out of Claire's suit. Claire bites it off but she loses her fake front tooth (due to an old ice-skating accident). The reporter takes the picture with Claire missing her tooth but that is not the only problem since without the tooth Claire sounds drunk when she talks something that also does not help with the radio interview she has later on.
The night, despite the catastrophic day, everyone is gathered at the Dunphy house for the election results party while waiting for the outcome. Claire takes a moment to thank everyone for their help and what they did during the day to get her more votes since she does not know that they did not really help much. While speaking, she gets a phone call where they inform her that she lost the election. Everyone hugs her and Phil changes the “Congratulations Claire” sign to “Condolences Claire”.
Claire goes to the kitchen to get a glass of wine and Haley follows her to tell her about the college letters and that she has only one last chance left. Haley is afraid to open it and Claire reassures her that no matter what the letter says they will still love her and she can always try the next year. The entire family is also there, they hear the conversation and they totally agree with Claire. Haley opens the letter and she finds out that she made the waiting list. Everyone is happy with that since it is better than nothing.
At the end of the episode, despite her loss, we see that Claire finally gets the STOP sign she asked for (and was the reason she decided to run for town council after the councilman himself rejected her proposal). However, a car then drives past it without stopping, so she decides that the road needs speed bumps.
Reception
Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "Election Day" was watched by 10.35 million; down by 0.25 million from previous episode. The adult 18-49 rating/share was 4.2/11.
Reviews
The episode received positive reviews.
Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club gave and A− rate to the episode saying that it was one of the best episodes of the season. "Election Day sounds like just the thing to bring our Modern Family gang back from their hiatus, and back together for a classic-style ensemble episode. I’m happy to report that this promising premise isn’t wasted by the creative team and by guest director Bryan Cranston."
Leigh Raines of TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.5/5, praising on Cameron, Mitchell, Gloria and Claire's troubling moments that made the episode "hilarious".
Christine N. Ziemba of Paste Magazine rated the episode with 8.9/10. "The show was really Claire Dunphy’s moment in the spotlight, and director Bryan Cranston—yes, that Bryan Cranston of Breaking Bad fame—allowed Julie Bowen to showcase her physical comedy prowess and Claire’s Type-A, ultra-competitive nature at her best (and worst)."
Michael Adams of 411mania rated the episode with 9/10 saying that it was great and praised Philip Baker Hall's character, Walt, who "stole" the episode. "Call him Walt, call him Mr.Kleezak, but this week, call him Character of the Week! In an episode where everyone had their moments and lots of funny stuff was happening, he was hands down the funniest part of the episode. His whole final segment about lamb and Obama was fantastic!"
Wyner C of Two Cents TV gave a good review to the episode saying that he loved it. "I LOVED this episode. Every one of their neuroses came out full force and they reconvened at the end of the episode. The best scenes are when they’re together."
References
External links
"Election Day" at ABC.com
2012 American television episodes
Modern Family (season 3) episodes | wiki |
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