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C-glycosyltryptophan is a sugar-loaded amino acid that strongly correlates with age.
References
Sugars
Chemistry | wiki |
BBC WebWise is both the BBC's archived guide to the internet for computer novices as well as some videos. Created in 1998, it consisted and on the archive, consists of a series of articles and videos. It also incorporates elements of another BBC website, BBC raw computers. All BBC websites are required to link to WebWise when using content which requires a plug-in.
History
BBC WebWise was created in 1998 to encourage new users to explore the internet, as part of a wider BBC campaign which included TV and radio programmes. By December 1999 it consisted of articles, columns, a blog, message boards and a Q&A section. A wide range of freelance writers were attached to the project, including Charlie Brooker and Bill Thompson (resident columnist with WebWise until 2008).
In 2004, WebWise launched a 10-hour accredited course, called Becoming WebWise.
Current features
WebWise was completely redesigned and relaunched in September 2010, with articles on a variety of computer-related subjects written by well-known technology writers such as Bill Thompson, Wendy M. Grossman and Jack Schofield. It formerly contained new courses, and also has a weekly column, and a large A to Z of technical terms.
References
BBC New Media
Broadcasting websites
British educational websites | wiki |
This is a list of public art in St. Louis, in the United States. This list applies only to works of public art on permanent display in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artworks in museums. Public art may include sculptures, statues, monuments, memorials, murals, and mosaics.
Public art
St. Louis
St. Louis
St. Louis-related lists | wiki |
Biotin hydrazide is a biotinyl derivative that can be used as a probe for the determination of protein carbonylation. It readily forms Schiff bases with carbonyl groups.
References
Reagents for biochemistry
Hydrazides | wiki |
Amphibious Fighters is a 1943 short directed by Jack Eaton. In 1944, it won an Oscar for Best Short Subject (One-Reel) at the 16th Academy Awards.
Cast
Ted Husing as himself, Narrator
References
External links
1943 films
1943 short films
American short films
Paramount Pictures short films
Live Action Short Film Academy Award winners
1940s English-language films | wiki |
4-Oxo-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product that can structurally alter proteins and induce α-synuclein oligomers.
References
Conjugated aldehydes | wiki |
Holmes wrecker may refer to:
a recovery vehicle invented by Ernest Holmes Sr.
a tow truck brand owned by Miller Industries | wiki |
Dylan Borlée
Jacques Borlée
Jonathan Borlée
Kévin Borlée
Olivia Borlée | wiki |
Jazz Running is a unique technique used in marching bands and drum corps that is used to counter a dip in height commonly experienced when covering long distances at speeds that would not be practical for standard marching techniques. Although all marching styles are different, Jazz Running is done by pushing off with a leg, causing the performer to lunge forward, landing on their toes, and pushing off with that leg and so on.
Jazz running is different from traditional marching techniques such as the roll step (also known as "glide step") which usually involve keeping both legs as straight as possible and leading each step with the heel and is used widely in corps and military branches. Another common step used by mostly college marching bands involves bending the legs and making sure that the toe is the first part of the foot to leave and to touch the ground. Jazz running can allow performers to move greater distances while maintaining balance and without bouncing. In marching band and drum corps, the model used for step size is an 8 to 5 which means that 8 steps are taken to go five yards (the distance between yard lines). A jazz run usually is not used unless the step size becomes 4 to 5 or larger, but if the distance covered with this step size is small enough, it is possible to traverse it using traditional marching technique but it may feel or look awkward.
Marching bands | wiki |
Nüxiu may refer to:
Lady Xiu (), a figure of Chinese mythology who gave birth to Daye, ancestor of the House of Ying, after swallowing the egg of a black bird
Nü Xiu (), the Mandarin name of the Girl lunar mansion in traditional Chinese astronomy | wiki |
The Warden of the Swans is an office in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, created in 1993 when the ancient post of Keeper of the Kings Swans (which dated from the 13th century) was divided into two new posts. The second is the Marker of the Swans.
The first office-holder, as so far the only Warden of the Swans, is Professor Christopher Perrins, LVO, appointed 1993.
See also
Swan Upping
References
External links
Wardens get down to the task of swan-upping
Positions within the British Royal Household
Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom
Culture associated with the River Thames
Swans | wiki |
Phenylcarbylamine chloride is a chemical compound that was used as a chemical warfare agent. It's an oily liquid with an onion-like odor. Classified as an isocyanide dichloride, this compound is a lung irritant with lachrymatory effects.
Synthesis
Phenylcarbylamine chloride is produced by chlorination of phenyl isothiocyanate.
See also
Chloropicrin
Phosgene
References
Lachrymatory agents
Pulmonary agents
Phenyl compounds
Imines
Organochlorides | wiki |
Аббревиатура ВСМЗ может означать:
Владимиро-Суздальский музей-заповедник
Верхне-Синячихинский металлургический завод | wiki |
A reward website is a website that offers rewards for performing tasks, usually related to selected retailers and organizations. These tasks may include, buying goods or services through referral links, submitting content, participating in a survey or referral of members.
Reward types
Cashback rewards
These are usually the simplest reward websites from the user's perspective, since the reward website will usually display a task and the amount of cashback that will be rewarded for completing the task. Cashback websites are often rewarded for online shopping and there is usually a threshold on when a customer can withdraw their earnings, driving loyalty to the cashback website.
Points rewards
These are usually less simple, since the reward website will usually only display the reward for performing a task in terms of points. These points can then be converted, for example into online gift vouchers. Alternatively, for each point collected, or after reaching a point's threshold, customers sometimes receive an entry into a sweepstake. This means that the website only ever gives away a pre-determined prize, regardless of how many points are given away.
Share rewards
Share rewards websites allow customers, on becoming a member of the site, to become a shareholder on the website or a company related to the website. Customers, on completing tasks such as online shopping, can then increase their stake on the website.
See also
Incentive Program
Incentive
Travel incentive
Loyalty Program
Loyalty Marketing
References
Customers Reward Website | wiki |
Gall is a kind of swelling growth on living things.
Gall may also refer to:
Culture and politics
Gall Force, a 1980s Japanese science fiction animation series
In Summerland (novel), a gall is a place where two parts of the Lodgepole meet
Gall v. United States, a United States Supreme Court case about criminal sentencing
A term used by Gaels to describe foreigners, associated with Norse-Gaels
People
Gall (surname), list of people with the surname
Gall (Native American leader) (c. 1840–1894), Hunkpapa Lakota war leader
Saint Gall (c. 550–c. 646), Irish disciple
Other uses
Galling, a form of metal wear when two surfaces slide across one another
Bile, a fluid that aids in digestion
Colocynth, the bitter apple or vine of Sodom
Boldness or chutzpah, a personal characteristic of fearlessness and effrontery
See also
Gallbladder
Gaul (disambiguation)
Galle (disambiguation)
Gal (disambiguation) | wiki |
Shree Navatandham (Nepali: श्री नवतनधाम) is one of the holy shrines of Pranami Sampradaya in Nepal.
Typonomy
The temple was named after 'Shree 5 Navatanpuri Dham', the main shrine of Pranami Sampradaya.
'
References
Hindu temples in Kathmandu District
Buildings and structures in Kathmandu | wiki |
Damen Marcu (born February 18, 1999) is an American soccer player.
Career
Marcu signed with USL club Colorado Springs Switchbacks on July 28, 2017.
References
External links
Colorado Springs Switchbacks bio
1999 births
Living people
American soccer players
Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC players
Association football midfielders
Soccer players from Colorado
USL Championship players | wiki |
A pro-administrator is a priest who fills an ad interim vacancy at a clerical post in the Catholic church whose ordinary is styled administrator, notably a 'stable' apostolic administration.
However apostolic administrator is also used for a similar ad interim at a post of episcopal and/or missionary pre-diocesan rank.
Catholic ecclesiastical titles | wiki |
The Simpleton (, translated also as The Muff) is the debut novel by Alexei Pisemsky, written in the late 1840 and first published in October and November 1850 by Moskvityanin. The novel has met critical acclaim and made Pisemsky a popular author.
Background
In his autobiography Pisemsky wrote: "In 1846 I completed a large novel called Boyarschina. In 1847 I sent it to Otechestvennye Zapiski and it was banned by the censors. By this time, while in the country, I've written another novel, Tyufyak, but, defeated already in my aspirations, decided against sending it [to the publishers] and resumed my state service." Here Pisemsky got the date wrong: Boyarshina was sent to OZ in 1848 and, as the Soviet scholar Mikhail Eryomin noted, "there are reasons to believe that The Simpleton rough copy was ready in 1848, too."
In the Stellovsky Publishers's (Saint Petersburg, 1861) edition the novel came out as dated "29 April 1850". On April 21, Pisemsky wrote to Alexander Ostrovsky: "I send you, my dear Alexander Nikolayevich, my book for you to decide what to do with it. I gave it the title "The Family Dramas" (Семейные драмы), but should it appear to be incompatible either with the censorial demands or the magazine's general mood, please change it to whatever you like: "Bashmetyev", "The Muff", whatever. I send you only the first part of it, but rest assured, the second one is ready, just needs some polishing done."
Pisemsky was working upon the second part through the summer of 1850. He formulated the novel's general idea in his April 21 letter to Ostrovsky:
The Simpleton passed the censorship without trouble. On 4 September Mikhail Pogodin received the rest of the manuscript and the magazine published the novel in its October and November 1850 issues.
Reception
The early reviews of The Simpleton were positive, although, coming from different literary camps, each carried its own ideological agenda. The anonymous Otechestvennye Zapiski reviewer called it the best work of fiction published in Russia in 1850 and praised the author's "gift for depicting the real life, backed up by serious attitude."
Alexander Druzhinin in his otherwise warm review found the Mansurov character too similar to Gogol's Nozdryov (Otechestvennye Zapiskis reviewer agreed with him on that). Druzhinin stated that Pisemsky rather "spoiled the character of Beshmetyev… by giving him some trivial, hackneyed qualities" and found The Simpleton not entertaining enough. Disputing some of Vissarion Belinsky's ideas, the critic suggested that the formula of success was, "simplicity of details, intricacy of fantasy," something that he deemed Pisemsky's novel, apparently, as lacking.
Critic Stepan Dudyshkin in his "Russian Literature in 1850" review found Pisemsky's debut novel's characters too grotesque, Bashmetyev's major weakness being his "inability to act." Alexander Ostrovsky in his large essay published in Moskvityanin, praised the novel's originality. Several years later Apollon Grigoriev, reviewing several Pisemsky's books argued that The Simpleton (unlike his later stories) had nothing to do with Gogol's school of realism.
After the 1861 release of the first volume of the Stellovsky's edition of Pisemsky's Selected Works, Dmitry Pisarev subjected the novel to thorough analysis in the article called "Silent Waters". The radical critic's general verdict was that the novel's idea was to show that the Russians, leading the kind of lives they do lead, were "ignorant of the better options and incapable to recognize the very extent of their own suffering."
References
External links
Тюфяк. The original Russian text.
1850 Russian novels
Novels by Aleksey Pisemsky
Novels set in 19th-century Russia
1850 debut novels | wiki |
Blue Pilgrims is an organised group of football fans who support the India national football men's team, women's team, and all the other age–group national teams at almost every home and away game. Founded in 2017 before the commencement of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, which was held in India, the group based their name on the nickname of the national team, the "Blue Tigers". They consider travelling with the national teams to wherever the teams play as their pilgrimage. They often display flags, banners, and tifos in support of the national team.
History
Until the 2000s, India football fans were mostly scattered, being widely based in West Bengal, North-East India, Goa, and Kerala. Other than matches at the Asian Games, Nehru Cup, or SAFF Championship, fans showed up in small numbers when the team played, and fans of different clubs used to support the team in their respective local venues. In 2017, the Blue Pilgrims were established as the first organised fan club for the national team.
The Blue Pilgrims were formed with a motive to support the national team and the U-17 team during the historic 2017 U17 World Cup, India's first-ever FIFA competition participation. Begun with some 300 fans, the group grew to encompass thousands, with fans from different regions and with different allegiances coming together to support the Blue Tigers. They call themselves the devotees of the Blue Tigers, and their objective is to support India national football teams of all genders and ages, wherever they play. For their dedication, they have been called the "12th man" of the team.
Chants, slogans, and banners
The Blue Pilgrims's most common chants are: "Oh India!", "In Unity we stand", "Oh India we stand for you!", and "Vande Mataram". Their sports anthems are "Oh when the blues go marching in, I wanna be in that number!" (sung to the tune of "When the Saints Go Marching In"), and "Hum honge kaamyab" (We Shall Overcome). Since their formation, the Blue Pilgrims celebrate after every match with the Viking clap together with national team members.
Fans of the India national football team display the country's tricolour national flag and also wear blue jerseys in solidarity with the team. They use to display banners inscribed with Blue Pilgrims along with their motto "Inquilab-e-Indian football" (Revolution of Indian football), a catchphrase which signifies their ongoing effort and struggle as a movement for supporting the national team. They often shouted their common slogan, "We love you, wherever you go, we follow!".
Notable events
Response to captain's call
On 2 June 2018, then-team captain Sunil Chhetri posted a video on social media urging the fans to come out at Mumbai, Maharashtra to support the team after a poor crowd appearance of only 2,569 at a match against Chinese Taipei in the 2018 Intercontinental Cup. India achieved a significant victory in that match, winning by 5–0 with Chhetri scoring a hat-trick, but few fans were present to celebrate. Responding to the captain's call, the Blue Pilgrims and football supporters made sure that the stadiums were full during the next few matches. In the final of that tournament, the Blue Pilgrims displayed a tall 3D tifo of a Blue Tiger, the first ever in the team's history.
Protest against AIFF and FSDL
During the 2019 Intercontinental Cup on 13 July, the Blue Pilgrims unveiled a banner inscribed "Football Doesn't Matter, Money Does?" before India's match against North Korea at the TransStadia Arena in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Their protest was against the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and the Football Sports Development (FSDL) due to their failure to resolve the issues related to the two simultaneous top tier leagues in Indian football; the Indian Super League (ISL) and the I-League. The protest was mainly due to the unfair treatment of I-league clubs with respect to media, visibility and coverage, and further to highlight the then circumstances of Indian football where multiple clubs were shutting down or at the juncture to shut down. The AIFF's plan was also to give the premier league position in the country to the ISL, played by newly-formed clubs in India, ahead of the popular I-League, which is played by long-established football clubs of India. This decision would give the ISL winner the AFC Champions League's preliminary round allocated berth, and also the AFC Cup's group stage allocated berth, which were previously given to I-League winners for being the top league of the country. When match organisers at the stadium asked the fans to refrain from displaying these banners, they wore shirts instead which displayed the words "GREED > FOOTBALL?" to protest against the FSDL.
Homage to Talimeren Ao
On 5 September 2019, the Blue Pilgrims in collaboration with the Highlander Brigade, displayed a huge tifo of the former India national football team captain Talimeren Ao during the 2022 World Cup qualifying match against Oman. With that they unveiled their banner "The Revolutionary", and also displayed a mosaic forming the words "AO 1" with the help of a card stunt to pay homage to the legendary captain. Ao had led India at the 1948 Olympics in the match against France, the first match India played after Independence. Ao hailed from Nagaland (then a part of Assam), a state in the northeastern region of India, and because the anniversary of his death was in September and to encourage the ardour of the people of that part of the country towards football, the Blue Pilgrims decided to unfurl the tifo at Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, located in Guwahati, Assam.
Uniting Kolkata Derby fans
For India's 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification home leg match against Bangladesh at Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata, West Bengal on 15 October 2019, the coach and players of the national team expressed their desire to see a "full house" of fans, as often witnessed during Kolkata Derbies. The Blue Pilgrims decided to create a tifo depicting a united group of Mohammedan (in black and white), Mohan Bagan (in green and maroon), and East Bengal (in yellow and red) fans as the "12th man" for the national team. The creation of the tifo was a collaborative work among all groups of fans, as Mohun Bagan fans painted the East Bengal jersey and East Bengal fans painted the Mohun Bagan jersey; both sets painted the Mohammedan jersey. Funding for the creation of the tifo was raised through crowdfunding; the Blue Pilgrims exceeded their goal of , raising a total of from 274 donors. Approximately 54,000 fans attended the match, one of the highest matches of the national team where the tifo was displayed. The match ended in a draw between India and Bangladesh.
See also
East Bengal Ultras
East Bengal the Real Power
Manjappada
Footnotes
Lyrics
References
India national football team
Football in India
Indian football supporters' associations
Association football supporters' associations | wiki |
NCache may refer to:
DNS NCACHE, an Internet standard used by the Domain Name System
NCACHE, a disk caching utility included in the Norton Utilities utility suite | wiki |
Awan (Indonesië)
Awan (Elam) | wiki |
Rocky Simpson may refer to:
Rocky "R. J." Simpson Jr., a Canadian politician who has served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories since 2015,
Rocky Simpson Sr., his father, who has served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories since 2019. | wiki |
Blue Jeans or jeans usually means jeans; a type of pants, typically made from denim or dungaree cloth.
Blue Jeans may also refer to:
Films
Blue Jeans (1917 film), based on the 1890 play
Blue Jeans (1975 film) starring Gloria Guida
Songs
"Blue Jeans" (Blur song)
"Blue Jeans" (1920s song)
"Blue Jeans" (Sqeezer song)
"Blue Jeans" (Skyhooks song), 1976
"Blue Jeans" (Ladytron song)
"Blue Jeans" (Lana Del Rey song)
"Blue Jeans", a 2002 song by Yasmeen Sulieman
"Blue Jeans", a 2015 song by Chris Brown from Royalty
Other
Blue Jeans (play), an 1890 American play by Joseph Arthur
BlueJeans Network, a video-conferencing system
Blue Jeans (magazine), a UK teen magazine
Blue Jeans, a Spanish writer.
See also
"Blue Jean Blues" – a 1975 song by ZZ Top from the album Fandango!
"Blue Jean", a 1984 song by David Bowie
Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans
"Forever in Blue Jeans", a 1979 a song by Neil Diamond
Jeans (disambiguation) | wiki |
Rodents of unusual size may refer to:
mythical creatures that live in the Fire Swamp, found in the novel The Princess Bride.
Rodents of Unusual Size, a 2017 documentary film directed by Quinn Costello, Chris Metzler, and Jeff Springer. | wiki |
MCMV may refer to:
1905 (in Roman numerals)
Mine countermeasures vessel
Two viruses:
Mouse cytomegalovirus
Maize chlorotic mottle virus | wiki |
Principality of Serbia was the official name of Serbia from 1815 to 1882.
Principality of Serbia may also refer to:
Principality of Serbia (early medieval), early medieval Serbian principality, during the 8th to 10th centuries
Grand Principality of Serbia, medieval Serbian principality, from the 11th to the beginning of the 13th century
Principality of Serbia (late medieval), late medieval Serbian principality, also known as Moravian Serbia (1371–1402)
See also
Serbia (disambiguation)
Kingdom of Serbia (disambiguation)
Serbian Kingdom (disambiguation)
Republic of Serbia (disambiguation) | wiki |
Assisted zona hatching (AZH) is a procedure of assisted reproductive technology in which a small hole is made in the zona pellucida, using a micromanipulator, thereby facilitating zona hatching. Zona hatching is where the blastocyst gets rid of the surrounding zona pellucida to be able to implant in the uterus.
Efficacy
A systematic review and meta-analysis came to the result that assisted zona hatching is related to increased rates of clinical pregnancy and multiple pregnancy in women with previous repeated failure or frozen-thawed embryos. However, it is unlikely to increase clinical pregnancy rates when performed in fresh embryos transferred to unselected women, to those without poor prognosis or to women of advanced maternal age. Also, overall, there no evidence of a significant difference in live birth rate following assisted hatching compared with no assisted hatching.
References
Assisted reproductive technology
Human reproduction | wiki |
This is a list of episodes for Fast N' Loud Season 14. Season 14 started on March 4, 2018.
References
2018 American television seasons | wiki |
This is a list of episodes for Fast N' Loud Season 15. Season 15 started on July 8, 2019.
References
2019 American television seasons | wiki |
A Soor ploom (Scots for "sour plum") is a sharp-flavoured, round, green boiled sweet originally associated with Galashiels, Scotland. They are sold loose by weight in paper bags, traditionally in "quarters" — a quarter of a pound.
They are said to have been first made in 1337 in commemoration of a skirmish near Galashiels. A raiding party from England were overwhelmed and killed by local men when discovered eating unripe plums.
A "childhood favourite," they are pale green and "slightly acid in flavour". They have been featured in Oor Wullie and The Broons cartoons.
"Soor Plooms" is the motto of the town Galashiels.
There is a Border pipe tune from 1700 called "Soor Plooms of Galashiels".
References
Further reading
Google Scholar results
Google Books results
Soor ploom
Candy
Galashiels | wiki |
Floating ice may refer to:
Drift ice, floating sea ice
Floating Ice, a 2012 album by Michael Bisio
See also
Iceberg | wiki |
Gender representation in sports politics takes a look at issues bordering how men and women engage in the same sporting event without short-changing any of the sexes. The major consideration in on women and their low turnouts in most sporting events. This write-up tends to address the issue.
Representation in Sports Leadership
Despite an increase in the number of women involved in sports in recent times, there remains low representation of women in sports executive bodies and inadequate policies meant to increase equal participation.
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 passed by the United States Congress was an effort to bridge the gender pay gap, though the use the 'same establishment' clause failed to separate different ownership of male and female teams. This made its effort to balance pay ineffective.
The 2010 World Cup in South Africa was a major sporting event that was mainly organized and managed by men. The women involved in organizing the 2010 World Cup were not recognized by the media and predominately participated as assistants and receptionists. The United Nations found that gender discrimination is still inherent in sports, as only 23 percent of women were represented in leadership positions in 2007.
Some success of the efforts to bridge gender inequality in representation can be traced to Norway and Germany which produced the first female representative in international football organisations. Norway had an equal status council which put a committee in place to encourage more women to take part in the management structure of sports organisations. The committee had a goal of equal men and women participation in sports organisations in the nearest future. The election of Nsekera Lydia from Burundi into the executive committee of FIFA is a major success in respect to equal Gender participation in sports leadership.
The International Olympic Committee also recognizes the importance of establishing gender equality in sports, both through athletic participation and leadership roles, and created the International Olympic Committee Gender Equality Review Project in March 2018. The project includes 25 solution-based approaches and resulted from the Olympic Agenda 2020’s goal to improve gender equality in sports.
Sexism in Sports
Women face various inequalities in the realm of sports and deal with the consequences of being seen as inferior to men. The inequalities placed on female athletes and coaches are the most known, but those same inequalities are put on all women who work in the sports industry such as managers.Some of the inequalities placed on women in the sports industry include sexual harassment or discrimination. The sports culture cultivates sexism, which allows men committing acts of sexual harassment or discrimination towards women in the sports industry to be dismissed.
Lack of Presence on National Boards
Women in sports are not represented on national boards as much as men. In a study conducted by Johanna Adriaanse it showed women are underrepresented in areas such as board directors (19.7%), board chairs (10.8%) and chief executives (16.3%). The lack of female presence on national sports boards results in a lack of care for female athletes and their decisions.
Title IX
Title IX is in place to create equality for females in educational programs and sports falls into that bracket. Female athletes are supposed to be protected by Title IX, but compliance with Title IX is not always completed. There is a new proposition to Title IX that would give the power back to the accuser in sexual assault cases because they will be allowed to choose which form of resolution they want. This rule change effects female athletes as well because some of them face sexual harassment or assault at the hands of their peers, coaches, etc. Title IX struggles to represent all races pertaining to female athletes. Most lawsuits that have challenged Title IX pertain to cases with white female athletes and exclude black female athletes (Pickett 78).
References
Gender and sport
Women in sports
Gender studies
Gender and entertainment
Gender studies articles needing expert attention | wiki |
Ischaemum polystachyum, the paddle grass, is a species of perennial in the family Poaceae. It is a common species found in New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, and is often found on roadsides and in gardens. It has become an invasive species in Pohnpei, Micronesia, where it was first introduced as cattle fodder.
References
Notes
Bibliography
The Plant List
polystachyum
Flora of New Guinea | wiki |
Clark station is an under-construction railway station located on the North–South Commuter Railway in Pampanga, Philippines.
The station is being constructed as part of the second phase of the North–South Commuter Railway.
History
A rail link from Clark International Airport to Metro Manila was originally planned in the 1990s. The first proposal, called the "Manila–Clark rapid railway system", was discontinued due to disagreement on funding. In the early 2000s, the NorthRail project was pursued. This involved the conversion the rail gauge from narrow gauge to standard gauge, and linking Manila to Malolos, Bulacan and eventually to Clark and its airport. The project was discontinued in 2011 due to allegations of overpricing, and was replaced by the current North–South Commuter Railway project.
References
Philippine National Railways stations
Railway stations in Pampanga
Proposed railway stations in the Philippines | wiki |
Moose Lake is the only lake along the course of the Fraser River. It is located along the upper reaches of the river about 3.9 km downstream from the mouth of the Moose River.
Characteristics
Moose Lake is a long, medium width lake that is wider at its inlet and the farther you move down toward the outlet, the thinner it gets. It is 11.7 km long and 1.9 km wide at its widest point which is near its inlet. At its east end, the Fraser flows into the lake after flowing through a marsh. The river exits the lake at its west end. The Yellowhead Highway and the Canadian National Railway (Via Rail's Canadian and Jasper-Prince Rupert trains also use the CN tracks) follow the north lake shore closely.
References
Lakes of British Columbia
Robson Valley
Canadian Rockies
Mount Robson Provincial Park | wiki |
Sick joke may refer to:
Sick comedy
Black comedy
"Sick Joke", 1988 song by Doom from War Crimes (Inhuman Beings)
"Sick Joke", 2020 song by Neck Deep from All Distortions Are Intentional | wiki |
The Essential Now That's What I Call Christmas is a holiday album from the Now That's What I Call Music! franchise in the United States, released on September 23, 2008. The album has sold 571,000 copies as of December 2012.
Track list
Reception
Steve Leggett of Allmusic says that this volume of the Now! series offers a generous selection at 25 tracks and "will put a little skip, hop and beat into your holiday spirit."
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2008 compilation albums
2008 Christmas albums
Christmas compilation albums
Now That's What I Call Music! albums (American series) | wiki |
Patrick Baur was the defending champion, but lost in the second round this year.
Shuzo Matsuoka won the tournament, beating Todd Woodbridge in the final, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
Main Draw
Seoul Open
1992 ATP Tour
1992 Seoul Open | wiki |
Samsung Galaxy S peut désigner :
Samsung Galaxy S, une gamme de smartphones haut de gamme Samsung ;
Samsung Galaxy S, un smartphone Samsung. | wiki |
Just an illusion (BZN), single van BZN
Just an illusion (Imagination), single van Imagination | wiki |
Oyster Pond may refer to:
Oyster Pond (Martha's Vineyard) - a pond on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts
Oyster Pond (Cape Cod) - a pond in Chatham, Massachusetts on Cape Cod
Oyster Pond, Saint Martin - a village in the French Collectivity of Saint Martin | wiki |
Rolldown may refer to:
A game formerly offered by the Multi-State Lottery Association; replaced by [doodle LottO]
Roll-down curtain
Profiting from the passage of time in a positively sloped ("normal") yield curve
Rolldown (album) | wiki |
A hula hoop is a toy hoop that is twirled around the waist, limbs or neck.
Hula Hoop may also refer to:
Music
"The Hula Hoop Song", a 1958 single by Georgia Gibbs
"Hula Hoop Song", a 1958 single by Maureen Evans
"Hula Hoop" (Omi song), 2015
"Hula Hoop" (Loona song), 2021
"Hula Hoop", a song by Stella Mwangi from the 2011 album Kinanda
Other uses
Hula Hoops, a snack food
See also
Hulahop d.o.o., a Croatian company | wiki |
The Apprentice 2 can refer to:
The Apprentice (UK Series Two)
The Apprentice (American season 2) | wiki |
It's a Wonderful World may refer to:
It's a Wonderful World (1939 film), a comedy starring Claudette Colbert and James Stewart
It's a Wonderful World (1956 film), a British musical film
It's a Wonderful World (album), an album by Mr. Children
"It's a Wonderful World" (Elvis Presley song)
The World Ends with You, a 2007 action role-playing game released in Japan as It's a Wonderful World
See also
Wonderful World (disambiguation), includes uses of What a Wonderful World
It's a Wonderful Life (disambiguation) | wiki |
Downsizing refers to process of moving to a property of smaller size or lesser value.
Reasons to downsize
There are multiple reasons why a choice may be made to downsize.
Difficulties with downsizing
Many people downsizing from a larger property to a smaller one will find their current possessions, appliances and furnishings will be unable to fit in the new smaller home. Some people will find it especially difficult to accept the need to dispose of possessions, and this will cause some considerable anxiety. Following a disposal methodology can be a useful approach if the task seems impossible: One approach is to determine what furniture, displayed items and commonly used items are suitable for and will fit in the new home: remaining belongings will need to be sorted into what is to be kept and what is to be disposed of.
Disposal strategies
After the basic fundamental items that will move to the new home have been determined there will remain a set whose fate will need to be decided.
See also
Home equity loan
Property ladder
Move-up home
References
Footnotes
Sources
Real estate
Real estate terminology
Personal finance | wiki |
Men's Downhill World Cup 1979/1980
Final point standings
In Men's Downhill World Cup 1979/80 the best 5 results count. Seven racers had a point deduction, which are given in ().
References
fis-ski.com
External links
World Cup
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup men's downhill discipline titles | wiki |
Imperial University is a higher education institute in Lahore, Pakistan that offers programs in disciplines including Engineering, Management Sciences, Computing, Information Technology, Applied Technology, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Commerce, Medicine, Architecture and Fashion Designing.
History
The university was established in 1991 by the Pakistan Benevolence & Social Management Trust. The initial development of IU was supported by academic collaboration with the University of Hull, UK. In 2002, ICBS was chartered by the Govt. of Punjab as independent degree awarding institution (Imperial University Ordinance, 2013).
Academics
School of Business, Economics and Management Sciences
School of Computing and Information Sciences
School of Engineering and Technology
School of Architecture, Art and Design
Faculty of Health & Allied Sciences
Department of English Language and Literature
See also
List of universities in Pakistan
References
External links
Imperial University - official Website
Private universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
Educational institutions established in 1991
Universities and colleges in Lahore
Business schools in Pakistan
1991 establishments in Pakistan | wiki |
Foster children in Canada are known as permanent wards (crown wards in Ontario). A ward is someone, in this case a child, placed under protection of a legal guardian and are the legal responsibility of the government. Census data from 2011 counted children in foster care for the first time, counting 47,885 children in care. The majority of foster children – 29,590, or about 62% – were aged 14 and under. The wards remain under the care of the government until they "age out of care." This age is different depending on the province.
Provincial differences
Different provinces have different regulations for the wards in their care. Many of the provinces also have third party groups set up to support both youth and alumni in and from care. These networks are not connected to the provincial governments
*rate per 1000 youth in care
**Note: Children with disabilities are eligible for protective services until age 19.
Cases
Cases are filed though individual provinces Social Services departments In 92% of cases, the child remains at home and is not in put in an Out-of-Home Placement.
The three most common categories for maltreatment are ‘neglect’ and ‘Exposure to intimate partner violence’ (witness of physical or emotional abuse) both tied at 34%, followed by physical abuse at 20%. Sexual abuse sits at 3%. Police statistics for youth under 18 show that youth, accounting for 21% of the Canadian population account for 21% of all physical assaults and 61% of all sexual assaults in Canada. In 71% of all police-reported assaults, the victims were between the ages of 12–17.
86% of the time, cases are filed against the biological mother.
Common primary caregiver risk factors
Victim of domestic violence – 46%
Few social supports – 39%
Mental health issues – 27%
Alcohol abuse – 21%,
Drug/solvent abuse – 17%.
A former youth from care is also considered to be the risk factor in 8% of cases.
Care arrangements/placements
There are several different types of out-of-home placements or care arrangements:
Informal kinship: informal arrangement within extended family (ie.grandparent)
Kinship foster care: formal arrangement within extended family (ie.grandparent)
Family foster care(non-kinship): family-based care (family structure)
Group home placement: group living, 24h staff on duty
Residential/secure treatment: commonly referred to as "lock up", these homes are for children that need extra therapeutic treatment.
Informal kinship 4%;
Foster care (kinship & non-kinship) 4%;
Group home/secure treatment 0% (rate of .25/1000 children)
Aboriginal children in foster care
There is a severe over representation of Aboriginal youth in Canada's foster care system. Of all children in care, the percentage of Aboriginal children reaches 62% to 85% in some provinces. First Nation children make up 82% of the Aboriginal children in foster care, while Metis children make up 13%, and Inuit children make up 4%.
Many legal actions have been taken attempting at correcting the overrepresentation. For example, In 1995, the Aboriginal Custom Adoption Recognition Act came into effect recognizing Aboriginal customary law with regards to custom adoptions in the Northwest Territories, a form of adoption that has been practised by many Indigenous communities for generations. Lastly, In 2017, Bill 99 was introduced as an amendment to the Youth Protection Act of Quebec, bringing the preservation of culture as an important factor in the decision making process for foster children, and stated that whenever possible, Indigenous children will be placed with a member of his extended family or community.
There are many indigenous organizations, services and activist groups who work in collaboration with the federal government of Canada and within each province or territory to manage services for First Nations, Inuit and Métis families. These groups work to find ways to reduce the number of indigenous children taken into the foster care system for racially biased and/or preventable reasons. They also attempt to act as third part mediators who are literate in the social welfare system, providing avenues for social workers and Indigenous families to be in healthy communication and trusting relationships. This is vital considering the history of the Sixties Scoop.
Indigenous-based agencies deliver mandated child and family services and programs in a way which maintains and strengthens the individual, the family, and the community within the context of Indigenous values and customs. Without indigenous networks of care, certain alternative care models might be disregarded or withheld from communities who practice these traditions. Additionally, Customary care preserves a child's cultural identity, respects the child's heritage, facilitates cross-generational connections, and recognizes the role of the community in raising its children.
Child functioning concerns
While 54% of cases have no child functioning concerns, a wide range of categories for physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural issues may be exhibited by youth:
Academic difficulties: 23%. Child has normal to above-normal intelligence, but has difficulties in one area. (i.e., reading or math)
Depression/anxiety/withdrawal persisting almost daily for two weeks or more: 19%.
Aggression: 15%
Attachment issues: 14%. Child does not have physical or emotional closeness to the caregiver. It is difficult for the child to seek comfort, support or protection.
ADD/ADHD: 11%
Developmental disability: 11%
Failure, not caused by organic reasons, to meet developmental milestones: 9%
Self-harming behavior, self-mutilation (i.e. cutting) to suicide: 6%.
Suicidal thoughts, from fleeting to detailed plan: 4%
Running away from home on multiple occasions for at least one overnight period: 4%
Inappropriate sexual behavior: 4%. Age-inappropriate behavior with toys, self or others; sexually explicit drawings or descriptions, sophisticated or unusual sexual knowledge, prostitution or seductive behaviour.
Fetal alcohol syndrome: 4%
Drug/solvent abuse: 4%
Alcohol abuse: 3%
Youth Criminal Justice Act involvement (charges or incarceration): 2%
Physical disability: 2%
Positive toxicology at birth: 1% positive for drugs or alcohol
Other: 4%
Health
Many children enter care with bad health; over 90% have medical needs ranging from minor skin conditions to severe neurological disease. Children in care experience twice as many chronic difficulties, such as poor eyesight and hearing, when compared to children outside of the system. Often, children in care have poor or undocumented history of immunizations. Children in kinship care exhibit fewer health problems then those in regular foster care. Advice on smoking, drug and alcohol use as well as safe sex practices are most often given only after the child was engaged in such activities.
Transitioning out of care
In a number of studies, youth who have aged out of the child welfare system have spoken of their experiences and highlighted areas where they could have been better prepared for their transition from care. They speak of the frustration of being "cut off" from the system once they reach their 18th (or 19th) birthday to fend for themselves, with limited life skills, financial support and support networks. The transition from care is alluded to as a process that may take many years, not an event triggered by a youth’s 18th (or 19th) birthday. In most cases, the youth were not emotionally ready to live independently. Youth living with their families don’t typically achieve independence until their mid- to late-twenties, whereas youth in care are "expelled" from the system at age 18, whether they are ready or not.
–Anne Tweddle in Youth Leaving Care Report
For youth aged 24 years from the general public, 15% did not complete high school, 13.8% are unemployed, 6.4% are pregnant or are an unwed parent, and 5.5% are on public assistance. For youth from the foster care system of the same age, 50% did not complete high school, 50% are unemployed, 60% are pregnant or are an unwed parent (among females), and 30% are on public assistance.
See also
Children's Aid Society (Canada)
References
External links
National Youth in Care Network
NFB documentary Wards of the Crown
System Kidz
Adventures of the Crown Ward [http://dcaylor11.wix.com/crownward
Drugs In Our System: An Exploratory Study On The Chemical Management Of Canadian Systems Youth, 2009
Canada
Child welfare in Canada | wiki |
Ridley's may refer to:
Ridley's Brewery
Ridley's Family Markets
See also
Ridley (disambiguation) | wiki |
Lost in hyperspace (sometimes called Lost in hypertext) refers to a phenomenon of disorientation that a reader can experience when reading hypertext documents. This feeling was more prevalent from the 1990s into the early 2000s. Since then internet use has increased dramatically and this sensation has become less of an issue.
Hypertext
If information is spread over web pages that are only linked by Hyperlinks, and the reader is given the opportunity to jump around within the text, it is possible they may lose track of what they have and have not read. In addition, online texts can be altered, so the reader must take into account that texts that have already been read could have been edited, deleted or had information added. This phenomenon can be frustrating for readers who are used to physical texts. They can feel “lost” in the text instead of viewing the freedom of choice as enriching. In addition, links can entice the reader to click on topics that distract them from their original intention - even if the text is linear and can be read from top to bottom. The vulnerability of the reader is also exploited by context-dependent online advertising such as web banners and pop-ups.
Workarounds
Mechanisms that are already used for print media have been used in hypertext media to aid in the transition from physical texts, these include a table of contents, index or glossary, as well as footnotes or endnotes. Hypertext systems have their own navigation mechanisms, for example the forward and back buttons of web browsers or what is known as breadcrumb navigation. However, these mechanisms must be learned by the reader, which is made more difficult by different implementations in different systems. Special orientation aids for hypertexts such as search functions, sitemaps, bookmarks, history, and tabbed browsing can also alleviate the reader's lost-in-hyperspace dilemma. Successful navigation should provide answers to the questions: What is important? Where can I find relevant information? Where am I? What am I able to do here? How did I get here? Where can I go? How do I continue on, go back, or exit this page?
Serendipity
Proponents of the hypertext paradigm also argue that when searching for certain information in a hypertext system, the reader often comes across additional, equally interesting information, which was not an intended phenomenon but accompanies the use of the internet. This incidental finding of information that one was not actually looking for is known as the serendipity effect. However, anyone who is used to reading a physical text of their interest will hardly be satisfied with this view.
Hypertext was a comparatively new form of information presentation during the 1990s and early 2000s, and since then browsing and using the internet has become a much larger part of daily life increasing familiarity with navigating the internet. However similar issues remain today with advertisements and other distractions as well as information stability and validity.
See also
Information Overload
Web Design
Webometrics
Hyperlink
References
Further reading
J. Conklin: Hypertext: A survey and introduction. In: IEEE Computer, 20(9), 1987, S. 17–41
Deborah M. Edwards, Lynda Hardman: Lost in hyperspace: cognitive mapping and navigation in a hypertext environment. In: Ray McAleese (Hrsg.): Hypertext: theory into practice. Edinburgh 1999, S. 90–105.
External links
“Lost in Hyperspace” (German HTML wiki that references becoming lost in hyperspace)
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at :de:Lost in Hyperspace;
Hypertext | wiki |
Balham hat folgende Bedeutungen:
ein Stadtteil im Londoner Stadtbezirk London Borough of Wandsworth, siehe Balham (London)
ein Bahnhof in London, siehe Bahnhof Balham
eine Gemeinde im französischen Département Ardennes, siehe Balham (Ardennes)
Siehe auch:
Balham Lake, See nahe der Mitte des Balham Valley im antarktischen Victorialand
Balham Valley, eisfreies Tal zwischen der Insel Range und den Apocalypse Peaks im antarktischen Viktorialand | wiki |
Bedfellows may refer to:
"Bedfellows", an episode of Rocko's Modern Life
"Bedfellows" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent), an episode of Criminal Intent
"Bedfellows" (The Unit), an episode of the television series The Unit
See also
Strange bedfellows (disambiguation) | wiki |
The Testament is a 2006 thriller novel by Eric Van Lustbader.
Plot summary
The book is about Braverman Shaw, whose father, Dexter Shaw, is killed by an explosion. After his death, Braverman, or Bravo to his friends, finds out that his father was a member of the Gnostic Observant, a group who possess a very old secret of Jesus Christ. Bravo has to find the secret and keep it hidden from their sworn enemies, the Knights of Saint-Clemens. His father left behind a maze, which Bravo has to solve to find the secret. During his journey, he is attacked by the Knights multiple times, and they are closer than he thinks.
References
2006 American novels
American thriller novels
Forge Books books
Novels by Eric Van Lustbader | wiki |
Events
Thomas Aquinas issued a condemnation by the bishop of France, Étienne Tempier
Births
Deaths
13th-century poetry
Poetry | wiki |
The FIFA men's ranking system 1999–2006 is a calculation technique previously used by FIFA for ranking men's national teams in football (soccer). The ranking system was introduced by FIFA in 1999, as an update to an earlier system, and was replaced after the 2006 World Cup with a simplified system.
The rankings were fundamentally the same as a league system, though on a much larger, and more complex scale. Each team could potentially win a certain number of points in each match, though the number of points awarded in a league system depends solely on the result of the match, in the FIFA rankings far more had to be taken into account, as every team does not play all of the other teams home and away every season, as in most league systems. After the awarding of points, the teams were then organized into descending order by number of points, with the team with the most being the highest ranked.
The points allocated did not depend solely on whether a team wins, loses or draws their match, but also on the importance of the match and the strength of the opponent. A win over a weak opponent resulted in fewer points being awarded than a win over a much stronger one. This meant that a match would not result in the two or three points for a win and one for a draw, as is standard in most national league competitions. The calculation was more complex since it had to incorporate the other aforementioned factors.
One of the changes that was introduced when the ranking system was revised in 1999 was dubbed the "scaling up", where the points on offer for a match were roughly multiplied by ten, with the addition of more factors. In the 1999–2006 system teams could receive between zero and thirty points for a single match, and the leaders of the rankings had over eight hundred points.
Overview
The rankings were intended by FIFA to give a fair ranking of all FIFA member associations' senior men's national teams. For the ranking all matches, their scores and importance were all recorded, and were used in the calculation procedure. Only matches for the senior men's national team were included – separate ranking systems were used for other representative national sides, such as the women's and junior teams, for example the FIFA Women's World Rankings. FIFA did not use the same formula to determine its rankings for women's football. The women's rankings were based on a procedure which was a simplified version of the Football Elo Ratings.
For the purposes of calculating the importance of matches, each match was divided into one of six categories. Competitions that were not endorsed by the appropriate continental association of FIFA were counted as friendlies. Each category was given appropriate weighting in the calculation in order to correctly include the importance. The six categories were:
World Cup finals matches
World Cup preliminary matches
FIFA Confederations Cup matches
Continental championships final matches
Continental championship preliminary matches
Friendly matches
A computer program was used to calculate the rankings. Points were awarded according to the following criteria:
Winning, drawing and losing
Importance of the match (multiplication factor)
Regional strength (multiplication factor)
In order to try to remove the obvious advantage of having more matches, only the best seven matches each year were taken into account, as seven was the average number of matches a team played per year. Older matches were given diminishing importance within the calculation, in order to reward teams' most recent form, so the calculations only took into account teams' performances over the previous eight years.
At the end of each season two prizes were awarded by FIFA; Team of the Year and Best Mover of the year.
Winning, drawing or losing
In any football ranking system, a win will bring more points than a draw or a loss. Until July 2006, however, FIFA believed that awarding points simply on the basis of win, draw or loss, would not meet the requirements of a reliable and accurate world ranking system.
The calculations took into account the relative strengths of the two teams. This resulted in more points being awarded for beating a stronger opponent than for beating a relatively weak one. It also enabled weak teams to earn points despite a defeat if they managed to play well (i.e. they scored goals, or there was low margin of defeat), though this was a small number and did not secure as many points as the winning team. In the event of a match being decided on penalties, the winners received the correct points for the victory. The losers received points for the draw which they earned in normal time.
Number of goals
When calculating the points, the number of goals was taken into consideration, and the distribution of the points between the two teams was also affected by their relative strengths (i.e. the lower ranked a team was in comparison to its opponent, the more points it received for a goal scored), and as well as points being given for goals scored, they were deducted from the total for conceding goals. In order to encourage more attacking football, points given for goals scored were weighted far more heavily than the deduction as a result of conceding, though most teams were more concerned with the tournament or match at hand than their position in the world rankings. When a match was decided on penalties, only those goals scored in playing time were included in the total.
To prevent "overweighing" goals, and huge numbers of points being given in runaway victories, far more weighting was attached to the initial goal by each team, and progressively fewer points for any subsequent ones. This was done on the principle that the goals scored were important but the most important factor was the win or loss, as in normal championship games.
Home and away games
To allow for the extra handicap incurred by playing away from home, a small bonus of three points per match was awarded to the away team. For tournaments played on neutral territory, but with a home team, such a World Cup Finals, there were no bonus points given.
Status of a match
The relative game importance was also considered when calculating the points. The method for incorporating this into the totals points allocation was by multiplying the match points by a predetermined weighting. These factors were:
Regional strength factors
Due to significant differences in national team strengths between continents, weighting factors were worked out each year for each confederation, based the member teams of the confederation's performances in intercontinental encounters and competitions. Not all intercontinental matches were taken into account, only matches between the strongest 25 percent of teams from each continent, with a minimum of five teams from each continent considered. This averted errors that could be caused by considering matches where relatively strong teams from one confederation defeated weak teams from another.
The weightings were applied in the form of multiplication factors for teams from the same continent. If teams from two different confederations were involved in one match then the factor applied was the average of the two continental weightings. For 2005, weighting factors ranged from 1.00 for UEFA teams to 0.93 for OFC teams.
Summary
Based on the above considerations, the total number of points credited to a team after a match depended on the following criteria:
Where:
w = Points for winning, drawing or losing
g = Points for goals scored in the game
c = Points for the goals conceded
a = Bonus for the away team
s = Appropriate factor for the status of the match
r = Appropriate factor for regional strength
m = Points Received
The number of points for a win, draw or loss, as well as for the number of goals scored or conceded was dependent on the strength of the opponent. In order not to punish a lack of success too severely, a negative points total was rounded up to zero.
These examples have also been used to demonstrate the Elo football ratings system for a fair comparison. Here are some calculation examples to show the formula being used. For simplicity in this instance it is assumed that three teams of different strengths are involved in a small friendly tournament on neutral territory.
Note:no away team bonus, nor continental or status multiplication factors are applied.
Before the tournament the three team have the following point totals:
As shown, team A is by some distance the highest ranked of the three:
The following table shows the divisions of point allocations based on three possible outcomes of the match between the far stronger team A, and the somewhat weaker team B:
Example 1
Team A versus Team B (Team A stronger than Team B)
As is shown on the table, in the case of a 3:1 win, team a receives an allocation of 21.0 points, however, since team A is a much higher ranked team, the win alone earns only 17.4 of the total points, and the much lower ranked team B still manages to earn 1.7 points. Had match been won 3:1 by the far weaker team B, they would have received 27.2 points, whilst team A would have received a negative total of points, which would then have been rounded up to 0.0. If the result had been a 2:2 draw, since it is the lower-rated team, B would have earned a few points more than team A.
Example 2
Team B versus Team C (both teams approximately the same strength)
When the difference in strength between the two teams is less, so also the difference in points allocation will be fewer. The following table shows how the points would be divided following the same results as above, but with two roughly equally ranked teams, B and C, being involved:
Further criteria
To increase the level of accuracy and objectivity of the rankings, after the 1999 revision, further criteria were introduced. Firstly, the number of matches a team plays within a given period of time was taken into account. Secondly, the importance attached to previous results would be interpreted differently.
The number of matches played
In order to ensure that an increased number of fixtures in a given season did not give a team more potential points, the rankings only considered a limited number of results. This number was determined by deciding how many fixtures in a season an "averagely active team" would participate in. This was agreed to be between seven and ten matches a year.
In order to prevent teams with more fixtures than this being given an advantage, the calculation initially considered only the best seven results of a team. To include further results an average of them must be calculated.
For example, if a team played twelve matches:
The best seven of the 12 results were identified
The total score for these seven matches was calculated (X)
The total score for all 12 matches was calculated
This total was divided by 12 and multiplied by seven (Y)
The total for the seven best results was added to the seven "average" results (X+Y)
This total (X+Y) was divided by two for the final score
Previous results
In order to assure that the rankings best reflected a team's current form, the most recent results were of greatest importance; however attention was also paid to the results of previous years. The results from the preceding year were given full weighting, with the results from one to two years before given seven-eighths of their value, those from two to three years before given six-eighths, and so on until after eight years the results are dropped from calculation completely.
References
See also
FIFA World Rankings – overview of ranking systems and the ranking system used after July 2018
FIFA Women's World Rankings – the ranking system used for women's national teams, similar to the Elo system
World Football Elo Ratings – an alternative ranking system
World Rankings
Association football rankings | wiki |
American fried rice (, , ) is a Thai fried rice dish with "American" side ingredients like fried chicken, ham, hot dogs, raisins, and ketchup. Other ingredients like pineapples and croutons are optional.
History
The origin of American fried rice has a number of tales, anecdotes, urban legend, and related stories. Most of those stories are related to either American troops or their culture. Currently, there are three major tales and hypotheses about the origins of American fried rice:
See also
American cuisine
Chinese fried rice
Fried rice
Thai fried rice
References
American fusion cuisine
American rice dishes
Fried rice
Malaysian rice dishes
Thai fusion cuisine
Thai rice dishes
Chinese fusion cuisine | wiki |
Oil City Park was a ballpark located in Ennis, Texas and was the venue where the Corsicana Oil Citys beat the Texarkana Casketmakers 51-3 on Sunday June 15, 1902. The Oil Citys had to move the game there due to the blue laws in place in Corsicana at the time. The ballpark was a bandbox with right field being anywhere from 140 feet to 210 feet from home plate while the rest of the park was just as hitter-friendly. The game lasted 2 hours and 10 minutes, the Oil Citys scored 51 runs on 59 base hits, including 20 home runs; Texarkana, however, collected 3 runs and no home runs. Nig Clarke knocked 8 home runs in 8 at-bats with anywhere from 16 to 20 RBIs, though RBIs were not an official statistic at the time. The 51 runs by Corsicana are the most runs scored by a team for a single game in Texas League history.
Sources
"Baseball in the Lone Star State: Texas League's Greatest Hits," Tom Kayser and David King, Trinity University Press 2005
References
Baseball venues in Texas | wiki |
Chapman Field is located in Corpus Christi, TX. The facility has both a baseball field, home to the Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders baseball team and a softball field, home to the Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders softball team. The facility was renamed after John and Louise Chapman before the beginning of the 2007 baseball season. Whataburger Field is used instead of Chapman Field for some baseball early season tournaments and also some big matchups (i.e. Texas A&M or Rice).
Major renovations to both fields were made in 2011 and 2012. Renovations included new bleachers, new lighting for baseball, a new field surfaces, new irrigation, new bullpens, as well as windscreens around the fence. The baseball bleacher system was replaced and the old system was moved to the softball field.
See also
List of NCAA Division I baseball venues
References
Sports venues in Corpus Christi, Texas
Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders baseball
Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders softball
Baseball venues in Texas
College softball venues in the United States
Southland Conference Baseball Tournament venues
2002 establishments in Texas
Sports venues completed in 2002 | wiki |
Chhau-a-koe is a type of kuih with a sweet dough made with glutinous rice flour, sugar, and a ground cooked paste of Jersey cudweed or Chinese mugwort. The herbs give the dough and the finished kuih a unique flavor and brownish green color. The kuih is found in Fujian, Hakka, and Taiwanese cuisine.
Chhau-a-koe is usually made in Qingming Festival as a celebratory food item. Although the kuih can be made from either herb, Chinese mugwort is more commonly used in making Hakka-style caozaiguo. The herb-flavored dough is commonly filled with ground meat, dried white radish, or sweet bean pastes. In Taiwan, a filling consisting of Dried shrimp, shiitake mushrooms, dried and shredded white radish (), and deep-fried shallots is commonly used.
See also
Qingtuan, the Jiangnan form of this dish
Kusamochi, the Japanese form of this dish
Songpyeon, a similar Korean dish
References
External links
Related types of Taiwanese Kuih
Photo guide for making Caozaiguo
Photo guide for making the filling
Dumplings
Fujian cuisine
Taiwanese cuisine | wiki |
Injeolmi (, ) is a variety of tteok, or Korean rice cake, made by steaming and pounding glutinous rice flour, which is shaped into small pieces and usually covered with steamed powdered dried beans or other ingredients.
It is a representative type of glutinous pounded tteok, and has varieties depending on the type of gomul (고물, something to coating rice cake) used. Gomul can be made with powdered dried soybeans, azuki beans, or sesame seeds, or sliced dried jujube. Subsidiary ingredients are mixed into the steamed rice while pounding it on the anban (안반, wooden pounding board). Patinjeolmi (팥인절미), and kkaeinjeolmi (깨인절미) are examples for the former, coated with azuki bean powder and sesame respectively. In ssuk injeolmi (쑥인절미) and surichwi injeolmi (수리취인절미) are artemisia and Synurus deltoides (AIT.) NAKAI) added.
Injeolmi is not only a popular snack but also is considered a high quality tteok, used for janchi (Korean:잔치 ; party, feast, or banquet) in Korea. It is easily digested and nutritious. Injeolmi can be stored in a refrigerator and taken out when needed. If the tteok is heated slightly in the microwave, it may taste almost as good as the newly made one. Office workers sometimes eat injeolmi instead of rice or bread because they have no appetite in the morning and are easily digested when pressed for time.
It is better to use soy beans gomul in summer because it is prone to damage. Red beans gomul(고물) is used a lot in spring, fall, and winter.
The way of making Injeolmis has an important effect on the characteristics of Injeolmis; whether the glutinous rice is Japonica or Japonica/Indica, and whether it is steamed in rice grain, or in rice powder. The characteristics of Injeolmi were investigated through sensory evaluation and Instron Universal testing machine.
Various foods using injeolmi are being released. A chef at Shilla Hotel's Chinese restaurant recently introduced 'Injeolmi Tenderloin Guobaorou'. In addition, the cafe also released beverages and desserts using injeolmi (ex. injeolmi patbingsu-adzuki-bean ice dessert, injeolmi croffle).
Gallery
See also
Tteok
Mochi
Rice cake
List of steamed foods
References
External links
Injeolmi recipe at Tourism Promotion Division, Seoul Metropolitan Government
Etymology of Injeolmi at Empas / Britannica
Tteok
Steamed foods | wiki |
Lo mai gai (), literally "glutinous rice chicken", is a classic dim sum dish served during yum cha. The portion size of lo mai gai is generally quite large, so there is a smaller variant created known as jan ju gai ().
Description
Lo mai gai is mostly a southern Chinese food. It contains glutinous rice filled with chicken, Chinese mushrooms, Chinese sausage, scallions, and sometimes dried shrimp or salted egg. The ball of rice is then wrapped in a dried lotus leaf and steamed. In North America, banana or grape leaves may be used instead.
Gallery
See also
Bánh chưng
Bánh tét
Bánh tẻ
Chinese sticky rice
Corunda
Hallaca
Pamonha
Pasteles
Suman
Tamale
Zongzi
Notes
References
Dim sum
Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese words and phrases
Hong Kong cuisine
Glutinous rice dishes
Singaporean cuisine | wiki |
Shot Caller or Shotcaller may refer to:
Shot Caller (film), a 2017 film
"Shot Caller" (Ian Carey song), a 2009 song by Ian Carey
"Shot Caller" (song), a 2012 song by French Montana
"Shotcaller", a 2011 song by Taio Cruz from TY.O | wiki |
Spookfish may refer to:
Barreleye, a family of fish
Brownsnout spookfish Dolichopteryx longipes, a fish species that uses mirrors in its eyes, the only known animal to have this function.
Javelin spookfish Bathylychnops exilis
several species of Chimaera | wiki |
Right & Wrong: How to Decide for Yourself is a book on ethics by Hugh Mackay published in 2004 and again with an updated edition in 2005.
References
External links
Google Books link
Australian non-fiction books
Ethics books | wiki |
The 10,000 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on Sunday, January 27, 1924. Twenty-one speed skaters from nine nations were due to compete, but five athletes withdrew, so in the end sixteen speed skaters from six nations competed. The French athlete George de Wilde abandoned the race.
Medalists
Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1924 Winter Olympics.
The following records were set during this competition.
Results
The event was held Sunday afternoon.
Notes
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Speed skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics | wiki |
"Is It Any Wonder?" is a 2006 song by British band Keane.
Is It Any Wonder? may also refer to:
"Is It Any Wonder?" (Joni James song), a 1953 song by Joni James
Is It Any Wonder? (film), a 1975 film
"Is It Any Wonder", a song by The Chameleons from the EP Tony Fletcher Walked on Water.... La La La La La-La La-La-La
"Is It Any Wonder?" , by The Cockroaches from their 1987 debut album: The Cockroaches
"Is It Any Wonder", a song by The Turtles from the album Wooden Head
"Is It Any Wonder", a song by Sophie Ellis-Bextor from the album Read My Lips
Is It Any Wonder? (EP)'', an EP by David Bowie released in 2020 | wiki |
Seven for a Secret is a 1922 romance novel by the British writer Mary Webb. She wrote to Thomas Hardy asking if she might dedicate the novel to him, to which he agreed. As with her other novels it takes place in her native Shropshire. The title is taken from the traditional nursery rhyme One for Sorrow.
References
Bibliography
Baldick, Chris. Literature of the 1920s: Writers Among the Ruins, Volume 3. Edinburgh University Press, 2015.
Radford, Andrew. The Lost Girls: Demeter-Persephone and the Literary Imagination, 1850-1930. BRILL, 2007.
Stringer, Jenny & Sutherland, John. The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Literature in English. Oxford University Press, 1996.
1922 British novels
Novels by Mary Webb
British romance novels
Hutchinson (publisher) books
Novels set in Shropshire | wiki |
Washington Township is a township in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 875. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Washington Township is located along the eastern edge of Cambria County at approximately 40.3°N by 78.62°W, bordered by Blair County to the east. The township surrounds the borough of Lilly but is separate from it. The borough of Cassandra is along the township's southwestern border. Ebensburg, the Cambria County seat, is to the northwest, and Altoona is to the northeast.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Washington Township has a total area of , of which , or 0.15%, is water. The Little Conemaugh River flows southwestward across the northwestern part of the township.
Communities
Unincorporated communities
Lilly Coal
Lower Dutchtown
Moshannon
Plane Blank
Scanlon Hill
Upper Dutchtown
Wheelers Hill
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 921 people, 351 households, and 265 families residing in the township. The population density was 71.2 people per square mile (27.5/km2). There were 370 housing units at an average density of 28.6/sq mi (11.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.24% White, and 0.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.76% of the population.
There were 351 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $35,000, and the median income for a family was $40,602. Males had a median income of $29,545 versus $21,083 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,563. About 1.5% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment in portions of the township is provided by the Central Mainline Sewer Authority. A dedication ceremony was held on August 21, 2006, by local congressman John Murtha. The total cost of the system was $10 million, and construction took 14 years. Central-Mainline serves over 2,000 customers and is named after the "Mainline" of the former Pennsylvania Railroad that proceeds through the five municipalities. The railway is now part of the Norfolk Southern system.
External links
Washington Township/Central Mainline Sewer Authority
References
Populated places established in 1834
Townships in Cambria County, Pennsylvania
1834 establishments in Pennsylvania | wiki |
Suğla can refer to:
Sanjak of Suğla, an Ottoman province on the Aegean coast
Lake Suğla, a lake in central Anatolia | wiki |
Stretched C (ʗ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet used to represent a kind of click consonant. This sound has been described as alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex and palatal by different linguists.
Stretched C was part of the International Phonetic Alphabet (where its designation was "postalveolar") until 1989, when it was replaced by [ǃ]. The palatal click was replaced by [ǂ].
References
See also
Click letter
C stretched
C stretched | wiki |
This is a list of the administrative heads of Cocos (Keeling) Islands since 23 November 1955, when it became an external territory of the Commonwealth of Australia.
See also
King of the Cocos Islands
List of administrative heads of Christmas Island
References
External links
World StatesmenCocos (Keeling) Islands
Lists of viceroys in Australia
Administrative Heads
Administrative Heads
administrative heads
Lists of office-holders in Australia | wiki |
Relations between the Republic of Costa Rica and the Italian peninsula exist since 1849. Both Costa Rica and the Italian Republic are members of the OECD and the United Nations.
History
In 1502, as part of his fourth and last voyage, Genoese-born Christopher Columbus landed on what is now the Eastern coast of Costa Rica.
The first contacts between Costa Rica and the Italian states began in 1849 with the recognition of Costa Rica by Ferdinand II from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. During the mid-nineteenth century, as Costa Rica and the Italian peninsula were facing internal conflicts, the figures of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Leggero took prominence. According to former Italian ambassador to Costa Rica, Diego Ungaro, Garibaldi visited Leggero in Puntarenas, as the latter was helping the Costa Rican army during the Second Battle of Rivas. In 1861, Costa Rica recognized the Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy by the Kingdom of Sardinia, and two years later, both Costa Rica and the Kingdom of Italy signed a treaty of friendship.
Relations between both countries became strained during World War II. On 8 December 1941, one day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Costa Rica declared war against Japan, and against Germany and Italy three days later. As a result, the Costa Rican government, led by Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, persecuted citizens from the Axis powers who were living in Costa Rica, as well as their descendants. In 1944, during the later stages of the war, Costa Rican doctor Carlos Luis Collado Martínez, who had studied in the University of Bologna, was killed in Casalecchio di Reno by the Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland during the Italian resistance movement.
After the war, both countries reestablished their relations in 1948.
Resident diplomatic missions
Italy has an embassy in San José and honorary consulates in Limón and Tamarindo.
Costa Rica has an embassy in Rome and honorary consulates in Bari, Florence, Milan, and Turin.
See also
Italian Costa Ricans
References
Italy
Costa Rica | wiki |
Infinite Justice may refer to:
Infinite Justice (film), a 2007 English film directed by Jamil Dehlavi
Operation Enduring Freedom, the "military response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States", initially planned to be named as Operation Infinite Justice
The Algebra of Infinite Justice, a 2001 book of essays by Arundhati Roy
ZGMF-X19A Infinite Justice Gundam, a fictional weapon from the Cosmic Era of the anime Gundam metaseries | wiki |
The Ring may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
The Ring (franchise), a Japanese horror media franchise
Literature
The Ring, a 1967 novel by Richard Chopping
The Ring, a 1988 book by Daniel Keys Moran
The Ring, a 1980 novel by Danielle Steel, which formed the basis for the 1996 film
The Ring, a 1964 children's book by John Updike
The Ring (magazine), a boxing periodical
"The Ring" (poem), by Heinrich Wittenwiler
The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century, 1993 book
Film
The Ring (1927 film), by Alfred Hitchcock
The Ring (1952 film), by Kurt Neumann
The Ring (1985 film), a Romanian film
The Rings, a 1985 Iranian horror mystery film
The Ring (1996 film), or Danielle Steel's The Ring, a TV film
Ring (film), or The Ring, a 1998 Japanese horror film
The Ring (2002 film), a remake
The Ring (2007 film), a Canadian drama film
Television
"The Ring" (Angel), a 2000 episode of Angel
The Ring (Chuck), a fictional spy organization in Chuck
"The Ring" (South Park), a 2009 episode of South Park
"The Ring" (Yes, Dear), an episode of Yes, Dear
Music
Der Ring des Nibelungen ('The Ring of the Nibelung'), a cycle of operas by Richard Wagner
The Ring (album), by Terri Hendrix, 2002
Other uses
The Ring in Southwark, London, England, a boxing stadium run by Bella Burge
Nürburgring, or the Ring, a German race track
The Ring (rock formation), in Bulgaria
The Ring: Terror's Realm, a 2000 video game
See also
Ring (disambiguation)
The Circle (disambiguation)
One Ring, a fictional ring of power in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth
Ring Nebula, a planetary nebula | wiki |
East Penn Township is a rural township in the rough uplands terrain of the eastern Mahoning Hills area of Carbon County, Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania.
The township has a complementary or sister township, West Penn Township, directly to the west in Schuylkill County. The township sits between two ridgelines of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, but with multiple hilltops, its terrain is unlike many nearby valley floors between similar ridgelines. The population was 2,881 at the 2010 United States Census, up from 2,461 at the 2000 census.
Geography
The township is located in the southern corner of Carbon County and is bordered by Lehigh County to the south and Schuylkill County to the west. Older USGS topographic maps show the township in a region known as the Mahoning Hills, a geologically chaotic series of hilltops surmounting a long upland more cyclic in altitude than nearby valley bottoms. The township is drained by the Lehigh River, which flows along its northeastern boundary, with the largest tributary in the township being Lizard Creek. The southern boundary of the township follows the crest of Blue Mountain, a prominent ridge that runs across the eastern half of the state and reaches an elevation of in this area. The northern boundary runs near the broader and lower crest of Mahoning Mountain, elevation . The valley floor of the township varies in elevation from . Villages in the township include Ashfield, Germans, and West Bowmans.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.59%, is water.
Neighboring municipalities
Mahoning Township (north)
Lower Towamensing Township (east)
Bowmanstown (east)
Palmerton (east)
Lehigh Township, Northampton County (tangent to the southeast)
Washington Township, Lehigh County (south)
Heidelberg Township, Lehigh County (south)
Lynn Township, Lehigh County (tangent to the southwest)
West Penn Township, Schuylkill County (west)
Climate
East Penn has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and the hardiness zone is mainly 6a with 6b along the river and in the Lizard Valley along 895. Average monthly temperatures in Ashfield range from 27.6 °F in January to 72.4 °F in July.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,461 people, 947 households, and 733 families residing in the township. The population density was 109.8 people per square mile (42.4/km). There were 996 housing units at an average density of 44.4/sq mi (17.2/km). The racial makeup of the township was 98.82% White, 0.20% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.45% from other races, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of the population.
There were 947 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.1% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the township the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,147, and the median income for a family was $47,446. Males had a median income of $32,297 versus $20,459 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,545. About 1.0% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.4% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
As of 2013, there were of public roads in East Penn Township, of which were maintained by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC), were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and were maintained by the township.
Interstate 476 follows the Pennsylvania Turnpike's Northeast Extension along a northwest-southeast alignment through East Penn Township, entering the Lehigh Tunnel near the south edge of the township. However, the nearest interchange is in Franklin Township. Local access to the township is provided by Pennsylvania Route 895, which crosses the township from southwest to northeast after crossing the southern tier of Schuylkill County and ends at an interchange with Pennsylvania Route 248 across the Lehigh River in Bowmanstown. A small section of PA 248 also passes through the township, but this is an isolated segment due to a realignment of the Lehigh River near Palmerton, with no access to the rest of the township.
References
External links
East Penn Township official website
Populated places established in 1750
Townships in Carbon County, Pennsylvania
Townships in Pennsylvania | wiki |
Orson Scott Card
PC Card
Card Place | wiki |
Fotoevaporação é o processo de destruição do gás de uma nuvem molecular por meio da radiação ultravioleta das estrelas.
Dinâmica atmosférica | wiki |
Malignant refers to malignancy, the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse.
Malignant may also refer to:
Malignant (2013 film), an American horror film directed by Brian Avenet-Bradley
Malignant (2021 film), an American horror film directed by James Wan
"Malignant" (Law & Order: Criminal Intent), an episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Malignant: How Cancer Becomes Us, a 2013 book by S. Lochlann Jain
See also
Cancer (disambiguation)
Tumor | wiki |
Mahoning Township is a township in Carbon County, Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 4,305 at the 2010 census, up from 3,978 at the 2000 census.
Geography
The township is in southwestern Carbon County in the valley of Mahoning Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River. The township is bordered by the borough of Lehighton to the northeast and by Schuylkill County to the southwest. It is situated near the northeastern end of the Mahoning Hills, the mountainous foothills region to the west of the Lehigh River.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.48%, is water. It is drained by Mahoning Creek, a tributary of the Lehigh River, which forms parts of the township's eastern boundary. The natural northern boundary with Jim Thorpe and Summit Hill is on the south slope of Mauch Chunk Mountain. Its villages include Dry Tavern, Jamestown, Mahoning Valley (also in West Penn Township, Schuylkill County), New Mahoning, Normal Square, and Packerton.
The township has varied elevations from in the valleys along PA Routes 443 and 902 and rising to on the top of Mahoning Mountain in the south and on Oriole Hill. The terrain causes the local weather to vary in the winter time from that of the surrounding region. Mahoning Mountain Road is a mile-long hill-climb to a road junction called "Dry Tavern" along a summit of the Mahoning Hills that has many sharp curves and is known throughout the greater Lehighton area as a notorious road in winter time. At the bottom of the mountain it has an elevation of , and at the top it has an elevation of , so it is quite possible for it to be raining at the bottom while having a few inches of snow at the top.
Climate
Mahoning Township has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and the hardiness zone is mainly 6a with 6b found along the river south of Lehighton and in the eastern half of the township near the Mahoning Creek. Average monthly temperatures at Jake Arner Memorial Airport range from 27.8 °F in January to 72.5 °F in July.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,978 people, 1,543 households, and 1,131 families residing in the township. The population density was 168.5 people per square mile (65.1/km). There were 1,693 housing units at an average density of 71.7/sq mi (27.7/km). The racial makeup of the township was 98.27% White, 0.23% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.
There were 1,543 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the township the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $35,212, and the median income for a family was $43,897. Males had a median income of $29,016 versus $20,943 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,330. About 8.6% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Supervisors:
Shawn Haggerty
Franklin Ruch, Vice-chair
Bruce Steigerwalt
Kerry Verrastro
John Wieczorek, Chairman
Commercial activity
Mahoning Township contains the retail hub of Carbon County. Along a one-mile stretch of Route 443 southwest of Lehighton are located the Carbon Plaza Mall, Walmart, Lowe's, and Aldi. The township also hosts Mahoning Speedway and the private-aviation Jake Arner Memorial Airport.
Transportation
As of 2020, there were of public roads in Mahoning Township, of which were maintained by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC), were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and were maintained by the township.
Interstate 476, the Pennsylvania Turnpike's Northeast Extension, passes through the eastern corner of Mahoning Township, but the nearest interchange is in neighboring Franklin Township. Highways providing local access include Pennsylvania Route 443, which crosses from U.S. Route 209 on Lehighton's south side west to Pennsylvania Route 309 in South Tamaqua, Schuylkill County, and Pennsylvania Route 902, which comes southeast over Mauch Chunk Ridge from US 209 in Lansford and Summit Hill to New Mahoning, then turns east to PA 443 in Lehighton with access to US 209 in downtown via Mahoning Street. US 209 proceeds north through the township between Lehighton and Jim Thorpe, although this segment is signed southbound.
References
External links
Mahoning Township official website
Mahoning Valley Speedway
Populated places established in 1745
Townships in Carbon County, Pennsylvania
Townships in Pennsylvania
1745 establishments in Pennsylvania | wiki |
Rage (also known as frenzy or fury) is intense, uncontrolled anger that is an increased stage of hostile response to a perceived egregious injury or injustice.
Etymology
Rage is from c. 1300, meaning "madness, insanity; fit of frenzy; rashness, foolhardiness, intense or violent emotion, anger, wrath; fierceness in battle; violence" (of storms, fire, etc.); from the Old French rage or raige, meaning "spirit, passion, rage, fury, madness"; from 11th century Medieval Latin rabia; from the Latin rabies, meaning "madness, rage, fury," which is related to the Latin rabere "be mad, rave."
There are many cognates. The Latin rabies, meaning "anger, fury", is akin to the Sanskrit "raag" (violence). The Vulgar Latin spelling of the word possesses many cognates when translated into many of the modern Romance languages, such as Spanish, Galician, Catalan, Portuguese, and modern Italian: rabia, rabia, ràbia, raiva, and rabbia respectively.
Symptoms and effects
Rage can sometimes lead to a state of mind where the individuals experiencing it believe they can do, and often are capable of doing, things that may normally seem physically impossible. Those experiencing rage usually feel the effects of high adrenaline levels in the body. This increase in adrenal output raises the physical strength and endurance levels of the person and sharpens their senses, while dulling the sensation of pain. High levels of adrenaline impair memory. Temporal perspective is also affected: people in a rage have described experiencing events in slow-motion. Time dilation occurs due to the individual becoming hyper aware of the hind brain (the seat of fight or flight). Rational thought and reasoning would inhibit an individual from acting rapidly upon impulse. An older explanation of this "time dilation" effect is that instead of actually slowing our perception of time, high levels of adrenaline increase our ability to recall specific minutiae of an event after it occurs. Since humans gauge time based on the number of things they can remember, high-adrenaline events such as those experienced during periods of rage seem to unfold more slowly.
A person in a state of rage may also lose much of their capacity for rational thought and reasoning, and may act, usually violently, on their impulses to the point that they may attack until they themselves have been incapacitated or the source of their rage has been destroyed or otherwise removed. A person in rage may also experience tunnel vision, muffled hearing, increased heart rate, and hyperventilation. Their vision may also become "rose-tinted" (hence "seeing red"). They often focus only on the source of their anger. The large amounts of adrenaline and oxygen in the bloodstream may cause a person's extremities to shake. Psychiatrists consider rage to be at one end of the spectrum of anger, and annoyance to be at the other side.
In 1995, rage was hypothesized to occur when oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone are rapidly released from the hypothalamus. This results in the pituitary gland producing and releasing large amounts of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, which causes the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids. This chain reaction occurs when faced with a threatening situation.
Nearly two decades later, more came to be known about the impacts of high epinephrine. As the focus in neuroscience began to shift towards the roles of white matter tissues, a more full bodied understanding of this complex emotion was able to be extrapolated.
Memory, being the “retention of perceptions”, can be viewed as a giant mosaic.(Robertson, 2002) This mosaic would consist of fragmented perceptions (tiles) being held together by astrocytes (glue), creating resistance. A ratio of 3:2 could indicate an increased demand on neurons being held together, or insulated. This also raises the possibility that a more developed memory improved an individual’s fitness.
In addition, an increase in white matter tissues assisted in an individual's ability to adapt to new cultures and environments. The metaphor of a kaleidoscope is often utilized when expressing the extraordinary ability humans have at adapting to different cultures by engaging in different patterns of thought. Our ability to perceive patterns of behavior assists in our ability to utilize inductive reasoning, a type of reasoning that can assist in an individual's ability to think of how their behaviors may impact their future. Such lines of reasoning are strengthened through the use of deductive reasoning. Together, inductive and deductive reasoning have assisted in developing adaptive conflict management strategies that assist in the cessation of rage caused by cognitive dissonance.
Astrocytes play a pivotal role in regulating blood flow to and from neurons by creating the blood-brain barrier (BBB). More specifically, these astrocytes are found in close proximity to the ‘end feet’ of blood vessels. These astrocytes aid in the tightening and expansion of the blood vessels to regulate which nutrients make their way to the neurons. The BBB protects the brain from toxins and helps transport things such as oxygen and glucose to the brain.
This system plays a crucial role in the regulation of memory. Studies have suggested that glucose, together with epinephrine from the adrenal medulla have an effect on memory. Although high doses of epinephrine have been proven to impair memory, moderate doses of epinephrine actually enhance memory. This leads to questioning the role that epinephrine has played on the evolution of the genus Homo as well as epinephrine's crucial role during fits of rage. The crucial role that astrocytes play in the formation of muscle memory may also shed light on the beneficial impact of meditation and deep breathing as a method of managing and controlling one's rage.
Health complications
Some research suggests that an individual is more susceptible to having feelings of depression and anxiety if he or she experiences rage on a frequent basis. Health complications become much worse if an individual represses feelings of rage. John E. Sarno believes that repressed rage in the subconscious leads to physical ailments. Cardiac stress and hypertension are other health complications that will occur when rage is experienced on a regular basis. Psychopathologies such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder regularly present comorbidly with rage.
Treatment
Types of therapy
Evidence has shown that behavioral and cognitive therapy techniques have assisted individuals that have difficulties controlling their anger or rage. Role playing and personal study are the two main techniques used to aid individuals with managing rage. Role playing is utilized by angering an individual to the point of rage and then showing them how to control it. Multi-modal cognitive therapy is another treatment used to help individuals cope with anger. This therapy teaches individuals relaxation techniques, problem solving skills, and techniques on response disruption. This type of therapy has proven to be effective for individuals that are highly stressed and are prone to rage.
An emerging business is the rage room, a place where people relieve their stress by destroying objects within a room.
Psychology
According to psychologists, rage is an in-born behavior that every person exhibits in some form. Rage is often used to denote hostile/affective/reactive aggression. Rage tends to be expressed when a person faces a threat to their pride, position, ability to deceive others, self-deceptive beliefs, or socioeconomic status. This maladaptive conflict management strategy often stems from cognitive dissonance, most simply put, a 'no' where a 'yes' has been.
Cases in which rage is exhibited as a direct response to an individual's deeply held religious beliefs, may directly be related to cognitive dissonance in relation to an individual's ability to manage the terror associated with death and dying. Many researchers have questioned whether Hindu/Buddhist concepts, such as reincarnation and nibbâna, help ease death anxieties. Coleman and Ka-Ying Hui (2012) stated that “according to the Terror Management Theory, a religious concept of an afterlife helps people manage their personal death anxiety” (949). This suggests that rage, in relation to religious ideas, may stem from an inability to manage feelings of terror.
Some psychologists, however, such as Bushman and Anderson, argue that the hostile/predatory dichotomy that is commonly employed in psychology fails to define rage fully, since it is possible for anger to motivate aggression, provoking vengeful behavior, without incorporating the impulsive thinking that is characteristic of rage. They point to individuals or groups such as Seung-Hui Cho in the Virginia Tech massacre or Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold of the Columbine High School massacre, all of whom clearly experienced intense anger and hate, but whose planning (sometimes over periods of years), forethought, and lack of impulsive behavior is readily observable.
See also
References
Frank, M. G. (2013). Astroglial regulation of sleep homeostasis.Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23:812–818.
Coleman P. G. and Ka-Ying Hui, V. (2012). Do reincarnation beliefs protect older adult Chinese Buddhists against personal death anxieties? Death Studies. 36:949–958
External links
Emotions | wiki |
Men's Super G World Cup 1986/1987
Final point standings
In Men's Super G World Cup 1986/87 all five results count, but no athlete was able to collect points in all five races. Pirmin Zurbriggen won the cup with only one win.
References
fis-ski.com
World Cup
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup men's Super-G discipline titles | wiki |
This is a list of North Korean television programmes or series. For North Korean multi-part films and film series see list of North Korean films.
List
See also
List of North Korean actors
List of North Korean films
List of North Korean operas
Television in North Korea
Welcome to Pyongyang Animal Park, a film that was made originally as a two episode television series
References
Works cited
North Korea
Series
Television | wiki |
A Dalek is a member of a race of aliens in Doctor Who media.
Dalek or Daleks may also refer to:
Doctor Who
The Daleks, a 1963–64 serial of Doctor Who
Doctor Who: The Daleks, the soundtrack featuring music from the serial
"The Daleks", a 1964 episode of the Doctor Who serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth
"Dalek", a 2005 episode of Doctor Who
Other uses
Dalek (artist) (born 1968 as James Marshall), American artist
Dälek, a hip hop duo from New Jersey
Daleks (video game) or Robots
Bridgewater Place or the Dalek, a skyscraper in Leeds, England
Dalek, a BBC Two ident
See also
Kaled, the Dalek progenitor species from Doctor Who
Dahlak Archipelago, an island group in the Red Sea
Dahlik language, a language spoken in Eritrea and the Dahlak islands
Dalet, a letter of the Hebrew alphabet
Robert Dallek, American historian | wiki |
McLaren Field was a rugby league stadium in Bramley, Leeds, England. It was the home of Bramley R.L.F.C. from 1965 to 1995.
History
From the late 19th century Bramley played at the Barley Mow ground. The land adjacent to the ground was owned by Edith McLaren, widow of the managing director of Leeds engineering firm J&H McLaren & Co. Despite several approaches by Bramley, Mrs McLaren would not sell the land to the club but after her death in 1958 she bequeathed the field to the club on condition that any development was named after her.
The club took the opportunity to develop a new stadium on the field and named it McLaren Field, and moved into the new stadium in 1965. The ground was home to the club for the next 30 years but by the early 1990s considerable improvements were needed which the club could not afford so in 1995 Bramley left McLaren Field and the ground was sold.
Current use
The ground was demolished and a new housing estate called McLaren Fields was built on the site.
References
External links
Photographs of the stadium
Defunct rugby league venues in England
1965 establishments in England
1995 disestablishments in England
Sports venues in Leeds
Sports venues completed in 1965 | wiki |
Mountain adder may refer to:
Bitis atropos, a.k.a. the berg adder, a venomous viper species found only in three mountainous regions in southern Africa
Daboia mauritanica, a.k.a. the Moorish viper, a venomous species found in northwestern Africa
Animal common name disambiguation pages | wiki |
Sheriff of Sundown is a 1944 American Western film.
Plot
When cattleman Tex Jordan (Lane) and his friends Chihuahua Ramirez (Renaldo) and Third Grade Simms (Terhune) bring their cattle to market in Sundown, Texas near the Mexican border, they learn the broker Jack Hatfield (Barcroft) is using a sliding pay scale. The larger the herd, the more he pays per head, squeezing the small ranchers like Andy Craig (Kirk). When Craig threatens to disclose the practice, he is murdered.
Sheriff Tom Carpenter (London) asks for evidence in the murder investigation, and he is also murdered. Governor Brainerd (Rawlinson) becomes involved and authorizes Jordan to act on his behalf to uncover who is behind the murders.
Cast
Allan Lane – Tex Jordan
Tom London – Sheriff Tom Carpenter
Roy Barcroft – Jack Hatfield
Max Terhune – Third Grade Simms
Duncan Renaldo – Chihuahua Ramirez
Herbert Rawlinson – Governor Brainerd
Jack Kirk – Andy Craig
Bud Geary – Ward
References
External links
1944 films
1944 Western (genre) films
American black-and-white films
American Western (genre) films
Films directed by Lesley Selander
1940s English-language films
1940s American films | wiki |
High Risk (film)
High Risk (album) | wiki |
The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, sometimes referred to as the Irish border or British–Irish border, runs for from Lough Foyle in the north-west of Ireland to Carlingford Lough in the north-east, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland.
Border markings are inconspicuous, in common with many inter-state borders in the European Union. As the two states share a Common Travel Area and () Northern Ireland (the only exception within the UK and only in some respects) and the Republic of Ireland are participants in the European Single Market, the border is essentially an open one, allowing free passage of people since 1923 and of goods since 1993. There are circa 270 public roads that cross the border. Following the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, this border is also the frontier between the EU and a non-member country. The Brexit withdrawal agreement commits all involved parties to maintaining an open border in Ireland, so that (in many respects) the de facto frontier is the Irish Sea between the two islands.
Establishment
Originally intended as an internal boundary within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the border was created in 1921 under the United Kingdom Parliament's Government of Ireland Act 1920. Prior to this, a separatist Irish parliament had been established in Dublin, which did not recognise the Government of Ireland Act, and was actively engaged in the Irish War of Independence. The Act was intended to deliver Home Rule in Ireland, with separate parliaments for Southern Ireland (which included three of the nine counties of Ulster) and Northern Ireland. Six of the thirty-two counties of Ireland were assigned to Northern Ireland, and the rest of Ireland comprising 26 counties to Southern Ireland.
The conclusion of the Irish War of Independence, and the subsequent signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, led to the creation of the Irish Free State – a dominion established for the whole island of Ireland on 6 December 1922. The border became an international frontier after the Parliament of Northern Ireland exercised its right to opt out of the Free State on 7 December 1922. The partition of 1921 created only a provisional boundary; a Boundary Commission met in 1924–25 to fix a permanent border between the two jurisdictions "in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants, so far as may be compatible with economic and geographic conditions". The manner in which the Boundary Commission clause was drafted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty was only explicit in its ambiguity. Amongst politicians in Southern Ireland, there was remarkably little attention paid to the clause during the debates on the Treaty. The Republican activist Seán MacEntee was a "lone voice" in warning that the commission would involve an exercise "in transferring from the jurisdiction of the Government of Northern Ireland certain people and certain districts which that Government cannot govern; and by giving instead to Northern Ireland, certain other districts—unionist districts of Monaghan, Cavan and Donegal, so that not only under this Treaty are we going to partition Ireland, not only are we going to partition Ulster, but we are going to partition even the counties of Ulster."
The commission recommended parcels of land be transferred in both directions, primarily "in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants". The data was partially leaked to the press in 1925. Westminster urged the commissioners to suppress the rest of the document, and so no exchanges of land ultimately took place. The full report was not published until 1969- which did eventually confirm the accuracy of the earlier leak. The interim boundary was formalised in December 1925 by an inter-government agreement that was ratified by the three parliaments in London, Dublin and Belfast, without changes from the 1920 demarcation lines. The border agreement was then lodged with the League of Nations on 8 February 1926, making it a matter of international law.
The Irish Free State was renamed Ireland () by the 1937 constitution, and the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 formally declared that the state was a republic with the official description Republic of Ireland while not changing its name, which remains Ireland.
Customs and identity checks
Customs controls were introduced on the frontier on 1 April 1923, shortly after the establishment of the Irish Free State. These controls were maintained, with varying degrees of severity, until 1 January 1993, when systematic customs checks were abolished between European Community member states as part of the single market. There are no longer any operational customs posts along either side of the border. Except during a brief period during World War II, it has never been necessary for Irish or British citizens to produce a passport to cross the border. However during the 1970s troubles, security forces regularly asked travellers for identification.
Military checkpoints
During the Troubles in Northern Ireland, there were British military checkpoints on main border crossings and UK security forces made the remaining crossings impassable. By about 2005, in phase with implementation of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, the last remaining controls were definitively removed.
Dropped proposals to reinstate border controls
In October 2007, details began to emerge of a British Government plan that might end the Common Travel Area encompassing the United Kingdom and Ireland (and also the Isle of Man and Channel Islands) in 2009, possibly creating an anomalous position for Northern Ireland in the process. In a statement to Dáil Éireann, the Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern assured the House that "British authorities have no plans whatsoever to introduce any controls on the land border between North and South. I want to make that clear. All they are looking at is increased cross-border cooperation, targeting illegal immigrants." This immediately raised concerns north of the border. Jim Allister, a former member of the Democratic Unionist Party and then a Member of the European Parliament, told The Times that it would be "intolerable and preposterous if citizens of the UK had to present a passport to enter another part of the UK".
In July 2008, the UK and Irish governments announced their intent to resume controls over their common border and the Common Travel Area in general. Each proposed to introduce detailed passport control over travellers from the other state, where travel is by air or sea. However, the land border will be 'lightly controlled'. In a joint statement, Jacqui Smith, the British Home Secretary, and Dermot Ahern, the Irish Justice Minister, said:
It is crucial that our two countries work closely together to ensure our borders are stronger than ever. Both governments fully recognise the particular circumstances of Northern Ireland. Both governments reaffirm that they have no plans to introduce fixed controls on either side of the Irish land border.
The Times reported that another consultation paper was to be published in the autumn of 2008 on whether people travelling between Northern Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom should be subject to further checks.
One proposal is expected to suggest extending the electronic borders scheme, requiring travellers from Northern Ireland to provide their personal details in advance. This would mean residents of one part of the UK being treated differently from others when travelling within the country, something to which Unionists would object.
However, in 2011, the governments renewed the 'de facto' agreement.
The 2011 inter-government agreement
2011 marked the first public agreement between the UK and Irish governments concerning the maintenance of the Common Travel Area. Officially entitled the "Joint Statement Regarding Co-Operation on Measures to Secure the External Common Travel Area Border", it was signed in Dublin on 20 December 2011 by the UK's immigration minister, Damian Green and Ireland's Minister for Justice, Alan Shatter.
Traffic
The border is linked with 268 (often approximated as "up to 275") border crossing points. Every month approximately 177,000 lorries, 208,000 vans, and 1,850,000 cars cross the border. Around 30,000 people cross the border daily to commute.
The Troubles
The Troubles in Northern Ireland required that attempts were made from the early 1970s until the late 1990s to enforce border controls. Many smaller cross-border roads were cratered or blockaded by the British Army with the intention of making them impassable to regular traffic. Bridges were also destroyed to prevent access at unauthorised border crossings (known officially as "unapproved roads"). In particular, the border area in south County Armagh was dominated by British Army surveillance posts. Derry, the second-largest city in Northern Ireland, is close to the border with County Donegal. This meant that there was a heavy security presence around the city, often impeding traffic and general movement between Derry City and County Donegal. Despite these measures, the border was simply too long and had too many minor access roads to enable control of all cross-border movements. British Prime minister Margaret Thatcher stated that there was "no way we can patrol the 500 miles [of border]". During the period, authorised crossing-points on the border remained open to civilian traffic in both directions at all times although vehicles and their occupants were subject to detailed searches while some crossing points were closed to vehicle traffic at night when customs posts were unstaffed.
Despite measures taken by the Irish government during the Troubles, Irish republican militants, including the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), had a measure of "safe haven" over the border. The PIRA also raised money in the Republic, mostly through bank robberies, and undertook "cross border raids".
Difficulty in patrolling parts of the border and large taxation/currency differences (particularly during the 1980s) led to widespread smuggling. However, greater European integration led to roughly similar tax rates on most items and easing of restrictions on cross-border trade. Smuggling nowadays is mostly limited to fuel, livestock and a seasonal trade in illegal fireworks, which are strictly regulated in Ireland – in both countries there are restrictions on the types which can be used and a licence is required to possess or use fireworks, but in Ireland such licences are seldom issued to private individuals.
While it still exists de jure, the border presents no impediments to traffic in either direction. The Common Travel Area between the UK and Ireland, EU integration and the demilitarisation of the border following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement resulted in an open border by default. Following the Northern Ireland peace process, military electronic surveillance and permanent vehicle checkpoints have been replaced by routine PSNI patrols.
Status post-Brexit
The UK voted to leave the European Union in a referendum on 23 June 2016. Their withdrawal made the Republic of Ireland-Northern Ireland border an external EU border. The Irish government, the UK government and EU representatives, all stated that they did not wish for a hard border in Ireland due to the sensitive nature of the border.
In order to forestall this, and to prevent a backdoor into the European Single Market, the UK proposed a backstop agreement within the Withdrawal Agreement that would put Northern Ireland under a range of EU rules in order to forestall the need for border checks. This was opposed by the subsequent British government as producing an effective border between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In late October 2019, the UK and EU reached a Brexit withdrawal agreement which contains a revised Northern Ireland Protocol that commits the UK to maintaining an open border in Ireland, so that (in many respects), the de facto border is the Irish Sea.
As well as immigration and trade, a range of other issues of cross border cooperation, such as on health, were raised.
Distinctive physical characteristics
The border is extremely irregular. Its irregularities were inherited from well-established county boundaries.
The border is not explicitly described in statute but only implicitly inferred from the territorial definition of Northern
Ireland as contained in the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It states that "Northern Ireland shall consist of the parliamentary counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, and the parliamentary boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry, and Southern Ireland shall consist of so much of Ireland as is not comprised within the said parliamentary counties and boroughs."
The border has some distinctive features. Firstly, how irregular it is: the border is about four times the straight-line distance between Lough Foyle and Carlingford Lough. Second, County Donegal is only connected to the rest of the Republic of Ireland by a territorial isthmus wide, making it more convenient for some journeys from Donegal to other parts of the Republic of Ireland to pass through Northern Ireland. Third, for only two relatively short sections of the border does it align with the provincial boundary of nine county Ulster between Fermanagh-Leitrim and Armagh-Louth. And lastly, as the border skirts Tyrone to the west and again to the south east, it encompasses Co. Fermanagh on three sides.
As a remnant of 17th-century county limits, the border's physical profile indicates that it follows many watercourses but only in the highlands of the Cavan-Fermanagh section could the border be said to accord with any significant physical impediments to movement. There are around 270 road border crossings, with some roads traversing the border several times. Similarly, before its closure in 1957, a section of one railway line between Clones and Cavan crossed the border six times in , initially with customs checks at each crossing. Further railways including Great Northern Railway crossed the border several times.
Road crossings
Between 270 and 300 roads cross the border, with some roads crossing the border more than once. While some roads cross the border twice or three times, the N54/A3 road crosses the border four times within .
The larger and busier border crossings include national primary (N) roads in the Republic of Ireland which connect to primary route (A) roads in Northern Ireland. As of 2007, the busiest such roads were the N1/A1 route (Dundalk/Newry), N13/A2 route (Letterkenny/Derry) and N15/A38 route (Lifford/Strabane).
Maritime border
A 1988 treaty demarcates the boundary of the exclusive economic zones across the continental shelf from the south Irish Sea southwest to the Celtic Sea.
Waters around Northern Ireland
The exact division of territorial waters between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland ('Southern Ireland' being coterminous with the territory of the modern-day Irish state) was a matter of some controversy from the outset. The Government of Ireland Act 1920 did not explicitly address the position of territorial waters although Section 11(4) provided that neither Southern Ireland nor Northern Ireland would have any competence to make laws in respect of "Lighthouses, buoys, or beacons (except so far as they can consistently with any general Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom be constructed or maintained by a local harbour authority)".
When the territory that initially was Southern Ireland ultimately became a separate self-governing dominion outside the United Kingdom known as the Irish Free State, the status of the territorial waters naturally took on a significance it had not had before. Northern Ireland's Unionists were conscious of this matter from an early stage. They were keen to put it beyond doubt that the territorial waters around Northern Ireland would not belong to the Irish Free State. In this regard, James Craig, the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland put the following question in the British House of Commons on 27 November 1922 (the month before the establishment of the Irish Free State):
In response the Attorney General, Sir Douglas Hogg, said that "I have considered the question, and I have given an opinion that that is so [i.e. the territorial waters do go with the counties]".
However, this interpretation that the territorial waters went with the counties was later disputed by Irish governments. On 29 February 1972, the then Taoiseach, Jack Lynch, summarised the Irish position during a Dáil debate on the legal status of HMS Maidstone, a prison ship which was moored in Belfast Harbour at the time:
A particular dispute arose between the Government of the Irish Free State of the one part and the Northern Ireland and UK governments of the other part over territorial waters in Lough Foyle. Lough Foyle lies between County Londonderry in Northern Ireland and County Donegal in the then Irish Free State. A court case in the Free State in 1923 relating to fishing rights in Lough Foyle held that the Free State's territorial waters ran right up to the shore of County Londonderry. In 1927, illegal fishing on Lough Foyle had become so grave that Northern Ireland Prime Minister James Craig entered into correspondence with his Free State counterpart, W. T. Cosgrave. Craig indicated to Cosgrave that he proposed to introduce a bill giving the Royal Ulster Constabulary powers to stop and search vessels on Lough Foyle. Cosgrave asserted all of Lough Foyle was Free State territory and that as such a bill of that nature would be rejected by the Free State and its introduction would create "a very serious situation". Cosgrave then raised the matter with the British government. Claims by The Honourable The Irish Society that its fishing rights in the Foyle were being violated by poachers from the Donegal side led to the 1952 creation of the Foyle Fisheries Commission under the joint authority of the Dublin and Belfast governments, which solved problems of jurisdiction without addressing the sovereignty question. The commission was superseded by the Foyle, Carlingford and Irish Lights Commission established after the Good Friday Agreement under the remit of the North/South Ministerial Council.
For as long as both states remain members of the EU (and thus the Common Fisheries Policy), the territorial waters are not disputed in practice between the two states. Their respective exclusive economic zoness (EEZs) begin beyond their territorial waters and the boundary between them was agreed in 2014. but the precise maritime boundary between Ireland and the United Kingdom concerning Lough Foyle (and similarly Carlingford Lough) remains disputed in principle. As recently as 2005, when asked to list those areas of EU member states where border definition is in dispute, a British Government minister responding for the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs stated:
During Dáil debates on the Carlingford Fisheries Bill, a contributor to the debate stated that he welcomed "the Bill's aim of defining the area of jurisdiction over the Foyle". However, the Irish Foyle and Carlingford Fisheries Act 2007 does not mention this issue; neither does the virtually identical British "Foyle and Carlingford Fisheries (Northern Ireland) Order 2007": each merely refers to "the Commission's waters".
The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office underlined its view in 2009:
A corresponding statement was made by Conor Lenihan, then an Irish Government Minister:
Identification
It is estimated that there are 300 major and minor crossings along the border. The border is marked only by a small number of "Welcome To Northern Ireland" road signs on the UK side, placed there by the Northern Ireland Roads Service. This can make identifying the border difficult for those unfamiliar with landmarks known to locals as the crossing point. At some crossings, there are signs welcoming visitors to the relevant local government authority district or, occasionally, reminding motorists of the need to ensure that their insurance is valid in the relevant jurisdiction.
Generally, signposts in Ireland which indicate distances to destinations are bilingual (in Irish and English) and give distances in kilometres while such signposts in Northern Ireland are only in English and give distances in miles. On larger roads, the approximate location of the border can be determined by signs reminding the driver of the change in units. In Northern Ireland, place-name and street/road-name signs are usually (but not always) English-only and street/road-name signs are more standardised and extensively used.
There are other immediate indicators when crossing the border: differences in the design of road signage and a change in road markings. The hard shoulder on non-motorway roads in Ireland is marked with a yellow, usually broken, line. The same marking in Northern Ireland is white and usually continuous. In Northern Ireland, roads use A (major) and B (minor) route prefixes, whereas Ireland's route prefixes are M (motorway) N (major, standing for national) and R (minor, standing for regional). Road signs in both the Republic and those in Northern Ireland are mainly black/white/red triangles or circles (the same as the rest of the European Union). Signs have subtle differences in colouring and fonts. One notable exception to this is that hazard warning signs in the Republic are amber diamonds.
Since the adoption by Ireland of metric speed limits, warning signs have been placed on either side of the border to alert motorists to the change to or from miles or kilometres per hour. As the United Kingdom does not use the euro, advertised prices for service stations and shops will change currency on crossing, although many places along the border will accept cross-border currency informally (albeit usually at a rate favourable to the trader). Other typical signs of crossing a European border are also noticeable. These include subtle differences in the paving materials of road surfaces and pavements, sometimes with visible differences in colour between materials across the border, changes to street lighting when crossing the border, (though these also vary across inter-county borders), and changes in the colour of postboxes (green in Ireland, red in Northern Ireland).
By rail, there is no immediate sign of crossing the border, but the trackside mileage markers change from Irish-style markers at the post (from Dublin Connolly railway station) to black-on-yellow markers, common to the United Kingdom, at the post, between Dundalk and Newry stations.
Mobile phone roaming charges
As in most places, radio signals from the cellular networks on both sides of the border often travel several kilometres (a few miles) across it. This was a source of annoyance to those resident in border areas when roaming charges were incurred with most service providers if the phone connects to the "wrong" network when making or even receiving a call. Inter-member mobile phone roaming charges were abolished in the European Union from 15 June 2017. , it remains to be seen whether this arrangement will continue after Brexit.
Cultural references
Puckoon is a comic novel by Spike Milligan, first published in 1963. It is set in 1924 and details the troubles brought to the fictional Irish village of Puckoon by the Partition of Ireland when the new border passes directly through the village. It was later made into a film in 2002.
Irish touring cyclist and author of adventure travel books Dervla Murphy travelled by bicycle from Lismore, County Waterford to Northern Ireland during the height of The Troubles and wrote of the experience in her 1978 book A Place Apart, including encounters along the border.
In the 1980s, Colm Tóibín walked the length of the border, later releasing a travel book entitled Bad Blood: A Walk Along the Irish Border.
Following the Brexit vote in 2016, a mockumentary about a fictional post-Brexit border patrol named the Soft Border Patrol was produced by the BBC. In 2018, an anonymous Twitter account called @BorderIrish gained notability tweeting as the Irish border in the first person, and the implications that Brexit would have for it.
The work of Irish folk-punk singer Jinx Lennon sometimes draws inspiration from his upbringing along the border as well as societal issues which affect the people living there. His 2020 album "Border Schizo FFFolk Songs For The Fuc**d", self-described as a "psychedelic punk-folk concept album journey through the hinterlands of the Irish Border", explored such themes as cocaine dependence, pride in rural Ireland and the 2014 Garda whistleblower scandal. His 2021 follow-up album, "Liferafts for Latchicos", was described by Lennon as a "solid border album", including a song named "Border Lad".
Border settlements
The following cities, towns and villages are located on the border or not far from it (listed from Lough Foyle to Carlingford Lough):
Muff, Inishowen, County Donegal
Culmore, County Londonderry
Derry, County Londonderry
Bridgend, County Donegal
Killea, County Donegal
Newtowncunningham, County Donegal
Carrigans, County Donegal
St. Johnston, County Donegal
Lifford, County Donegal (linked to Strabane by Lifford Bridge)
Strabane, County Tyrone (linked to Lifford by Lifford Bridge)
Clady, County Tyrone
Castlefin, County Donegal
Castlederg, County Tyrone
Killeter, County Tyrone
Pettigo, County Donegal and Tullyhommon, County Fermanagh (separated by a river)
Ballyshannon, County Donegal
Bundoran, County Donegal
Belleek, County Fermanagh (part of Belleek is actually in County Donegal, as the border passes through the town but most of it is on the 'northern' side)
Kiltyclogher, County Leitrim
Blacklion, County Cavan and
Belcoo, County Fermanagh (linked to Blacklion by bridge)
Swanlinbar, County Cavan
Ballyconnell, County Cavan
Scotshouse, County Monaghan
Newtownbutler, County Fermanagh
Clones, County Monaghan
Aughnacloy, County Tyrone
Glaslough, County Monaghan
Caledon, County Tyrone
Middletown, County Armagh
Cullaville, County Armagh
Forkhill, County Armagh
Dundalk, County Louth
Jonesborough, County Armagh
Newry, County Armagh/County Down
Meigh, County Armagh
Warrenpoint, County Down
Omeath, County Louth
Faughart, County Louth/South Armagh
See also
Border Region, Ireland
British–Irish relations
Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Foreign relations of Ireland
Irish nationality law
British nationality law
British nationality law and Ireland
Common Travel Area
Irish Sea Bridge
Repartition of Ireland
Partitionism
Brexit and the Irish border
Sources
References
Notes
External links
Centre for Cross Border Studies promotes "Cross-border Cooperation" under the Good Friday Agreement; spinoff websites:
Border People "the central access point for cross-border mobility information on the island of Ireland", developed for the North/South Ministerial Council
Border Ireland "online searchable database of cross-border information" (funding ended in 2009)
Mapping Frontiers 2004–06 joint project of Queen's University Belfast and University College Dublin
European Union external borders
1921 establishments in the United Kingdom
1921 establishments in Ireland
1921 in international relations
border
Borders of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
International borders
Geography of Ireland
Geographic history of the United Kingdom | wiki |
"The Trumpeter" is a 1904 song with music by J. Airlie Dix (d.1911) and lyrics by J. Francis Barron (1870-1940) which became a widely popular before, during and after World War I. Also known by the song's opening line and refrain "Trumpeter, what are you sounding now?", it was recorded with full orchestral arrangement by various artists including Peter Dawson and John McCormack.
References
Songs about musicians
Songs about trumpets
1904 songs | wiki |
John Haggart may refer to:
John Graham Haggart, member of the Canadian Parliament
John E. Haggart, member of the North Dakota Senate
See also
John Hagart, Scottish football player and manager | wiki |
A low-rise is a building that is only a few stories tall or any building that is shorter than a high-rise, though others include the classification of mid-rise.
Definition
Emporis defines a low-rise as "an enclosed structure below 35 meters [115 feet] which is divided into regular floor levels". The city of Toronto defines a mid-rise as a building between four and twelve stories. They also have elevators and stairs.
Characteristics
Low-rise apartments sometimes offer more privacy and negotiability of rent and utilities than high-rise apartments, although they may have fewer amenities and less flexibility with leases. It is easier to put fires out in low-rise buildings.
Within the United States, due to the legal-economic and modernist perspectives, low-rises can in some cities be seen as less luxurious than high-rises, whereas within Western Europe (for historical identity and legal reasons) low-rise tends to be more attractive. Some businesses prefer low-rise buildings due to lower costs and more usable space. Having all employees on a single floor may also increase work productivity.
References
Structural system
Apartment types | wiki |
A service pistol, also known as a personal weapon or an ordnance weapon, is any handgun issued to regular military personnel or law enforcement officers. Typically, service pistols are revolvers or semi-automatic pistols issued to officers, non-commissioned officers, and rear-echelon support personnel for self-defense, though service pistols may also be issued to special forces as a backup for their primary weapons. Pistols are not typically issued to front-line infantry. Before firearms were commonplace, officers and non-commissioned officers typically carried swords instead.
History
Prior to the introduction of cartridge-loading firearms, there was little standardization with regards to the handguns carried by military personnel, although it had been important for officers, artillerymen, and other auxiliary troops to have a means of defending themselves, especially as it was not always practical for them to have a full-length rifle or carbine.
Traditionally, soldiers (infantry and cavalry alike) and officers had carried swords for both personal protection and use in combat. The development of firearms in the mid-14th century changed the way battles were fought, and by the late-15th century it was no longer especially practical to close to hand-to-hand combat range to engage one's opponents, owing to the prevalence of pikes and musket-fire (pike and shot) on the battlefield.
Training was also a factor—it took a very long time to train new recruits in the use of longbows and swords—whereas the basic operation of an arquebus could be taught in a comparatively short time. As a result, swords were retained only by officers (who were less likely to be at the front of the pike-and-musket hedge) and by cavalry, for whom early single-shot handguns were of limited use.
The invention of the revolver in 1836 finally made a service pistol practical, as prior to this pistols had largely been single-shot weapons usually of no particular standardized pattern.
Although officers traditionally had been obliged to buy their own weapons, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and other enlisted personnel were generally issued their weapons (which they were then expected to either pay for or return to the quartermaster if they were promoted). Service pistols, on the other hand, were generally issued to officers, NCOs, and others who needed to carry personal weapons as part of their duties. Hence, it was quite common for officers to carry government-issued service pistols in combat.
The first service handguns were revolvers, but the development of semi-automatic pistols (the first practical example being the Mauser C96 "Broomhandle") gradually led to their replacement by semi-automatic handguns, such as the well-known German P08 Luger, the first semi-automatic service pistol to be widely adopted by an industrialised nation.
The British Army was the last major military service to adopt a semi-automatic service pistol as a standard sidearm, phasing out their Webley Mk IV, Enfield No 2 Mk I, and Smith & Wesson Victory revolvers in 1969, after which the Browning Hi-Power became the Army's official service pistol.
Modern issue
Special operations soldiers often carry a handgun as a secondary weapon to serve in a supplementary capacity to their primary weapon (a rifle, carbine, submachine gun, or shotgun); this practice is not as prevalent among conventional soldiers. Soldiers who do not serve in a direct combat role are often issued a pistol (such as officers, artillery crews, and other rear-echelon personnel), but conventional riflemen are not generally issued a pistol as part of their standard kit. However, drivers are often issued a handgun since while driving, their rifle will be stowed on a rack and thus difficult to make ready quickly in an emergency whereas a handgun is more easily accessible. Service pistols are issued to military police and other soldiers acting in a law enforcement capacity as part of their duties.
The tradition of issuing pistols to officers as a primary weapon is being phased out by many nations. The United States Marine Corps, for example, requires all enlisted personnel and all officers below the rank of Lieutenant colonel to carry the M27 IAR as their primary weapon. British officers on combat duty are also normally issued with the standard rifle, but are not required to carry it with them at all times; for example, while operating as support staff the rifle would be stored in the base armory, though this is the same for most support staff.
See also
Service rifle
Notes
References
Howdah To High Power (2002) Maze, Robert J, Excalibur Publications, Tucson AZ (USA)
Small Arms Identification Series No. 9: .455 Pistol, Revolver No 1 Mk VI (1997) Skennerton, Ian, Arms & Militaria Press, Gold Coast QLD (Australia),
.380 Enfield Revolver No 2 (1993) Stamps, Mark and Skennerton, Ian, Greenhill Books, London (UK)
1942 Basic Manual of Military Small Arms (Facsimile Edition), Smith, W.H.B, Stackpole Books, Harrisburg PA (USA),
Personal weapons
Pistols | wiki |
NBA all-time teams may refer to:
Top 10 Teams in NBA History
NBA anniversary teams | wiki |
Coldest place may refer to:
The coldest place on earth, the Pole of Cold in Antarctica.
The coldest temperatures seen in the known universe. See .
See also
List of weather records
The Coldest City | wiki |
This is a list of members of the Senate of the United States of Indonesia. The legislature existed only for a brief period during the existence of the federal state, and had 32 members, two from each constituent state.
Speakers and Deputy Speakers
List
Bibliography
References
Lists of political office-holders in Indonesia | wiki |
George Armstrong (1930–2021) kanadai jégkorongozó
George Armstrong (1944–2000) angol labdarúgó, edző | wiki |
East Valenzuela station is an under-construction Metro Manila Subway station located along Mindanao Avenue, Valenzuela, Metro Manila. It will be the northern terminus of the line.
References
Rail transportation in the Philippines
Transportation in Manila | wiki |
Canada's Biodiversity Outcomes Framework was approved by Ministers responsible for Environment, Forests, Parks, Fisheries and Aquaculture, and Wildlife in October 2006. It has been developed further to the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, an implementation measure required under Article 6 of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
Criticism of the Framework
The Framework has been developed from the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy, which has been criticized as having a tendency to focus on species and to assign less importance to other scales of biodiversity from the genetic to the ecosystem level.
See also
Criticisms of the biodiversity paradigm
References
External links
Convention on Biological Diversity
Biodiversity Convention Office
Environment Canada
Ecology organizations
Environment and Climate Change Canada
Convention on Biological Diversity | wiki |
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