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Yanni is the stage name of Greek composer and musician Yiánnis Hryssomállis.
Yanni may also refer to:
People:
Yanni Gourde (born 1991), Canadian ice hockey player
Yanni Hufnagel (born 1982), American college basketball coach
Yanni Regäsel (born 1996), German footballer
Zhao Yanni (born 1986), Chinese long-distance steeplechase runner
Rosanna Yanni (born 1938), stage name of Argentinian film actress Marta Susana Yanni Paxot (born 1938)
Yanni Yuzon (born 1978), Filipino musician best known as the former guitarist of the band Pupil
Other uses:
Typhoon Yanni (Heling) (1998), which killed 50 people in South Korea
See also
Yan Ni (disambiguation)
Yannis
Gianni
Alternate forms for the name John
Yanny or Laurel, a viral auditory illusion from May 2018 | wiki |
The 2002 season of the astronomy TV show Jack Horkheimer: Star Gazer starring Jack Horkheimer started on December 31, 2001. The show's episode numbering scheme changed several times during its run to coincide with major events in the show's history. The official Star Gazer website hosts the complete scripts for each of the shows.
2002 season
References
External links
Star Gazer official website
Jack Horkheimer: Star Gazer
2002 American television seasons | wiki |
The Hyundai Vision G Concept is a coupe concept car produced by the Hyundai Motor Company. It made its debut on 2015 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance after a showcase in The Los Angeles County Museum of Art on August 12. Designed by Hyundai's multiple global design studios and overseen by Peter Schreyer, The Vision G prominently features Hyundai's signature hexagonal grille and restrained take on fluidic sculpture design language. Powered by a 5.0 V8 Hyundai Tau engine producing at 6,000 rpm, it features multiple new improvements such as improved air intake and new upgraded injection mapping.
While the Vision G bears emblem of Hyundai Genesis, Peter Schreyer, the president of HMC, announced that the car "has nothing to do with the Genesis coupe".
References
Vision G | wiki |
The Vancouver Warriors is a professional lacrosse team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The team plays in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The 2020 season was the 21st in franchise history and the 7th season in Vancouver. The franchise previously played in Everett, Washington, San Jose, and Albany, New York. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season was suspended on March 12, 2020. On April 8, the league made a further public statement announcing the cancellation of the remaining games of the 2020 season and that they would be exploring options for playoffs once it was safe to resume play.
On June 4th, the league confirmed that the playoffs would also be cancelled due to the pandemic.
Regular season
Final standings
Game log
Cancelled games
Roster
See also
2019 NLL season
References
Vancouver
Vancouver Warriors seasons
Vancouver Stealth | wiki |
A stand-in is a substitute actor for another actor in television or film.
Stand In may also refer to:
Film and television
Stand-In, a 1937 American comedy film
The Stand-In (1999 film), an American drama film
The Stand In (2020 film), an American comedy film
The Perfect Date (working title The Stand-In), a 2019 American teen romantic comedy film
The Stand-In (TV series), a 2014 Chinese television series
"The Stand In" (Seinfeld), a 1994 episode of Seinfeld
Music
The Stand-In (album), by Caitlin Rose, 2013
The Stand Ins, an album by Okkervil River, 2008
"Stand In", a song by Don Robertson
See also
Stand (disambiguation) | wiki |
Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi were the defending champions, but lost in quarterfinals to Fabrice Santoro and Nenad Zimonjić.
Paul Hanley and Kevin Ullyett won the title, defeating Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor 6–2, 7–6(10–8) in the final.
Seeds
All seeds received a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
Main Draw
Doubles | wiki |
Knight-errant, a knight who is on a quest or errand
Knights errant (card game), a form of solitaire | wiki |
Marter may refer to:
Places
Marter, Ontario, an unincorporated community in Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada
Marter Township, Ontario, an unincorporated geographic township in Timiskaming District
People with the surname
Ian Marter, actor
George Frederick Marter, politician
See also
Martyr | wiki |
Kacee Carlisle (born February 11, 1980) is a female professional wrestler. She has wrestled throughout the independent circuit for many promotions including Women Superstars Uncensored, National Wrestling League, World Xtreme Wrestling, and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). She has held the NWA World Women's Championship one time and is the current Queen of Valkyrie.
Professional wrestling career
Carlisle knew she wanted to be a professional wrestler since she was eight years old. She admired female wrestler Sherri Martel. At an independent show in 1997, Carlisle met wrestler Shorty Smalls. He agreed to train her as a manager and wrestler. She debuted as a manager for Smalls in 1998. Carlisle worked sparingly until 2003, when she debuted for the National Wrestling League/House of Pain Wrestling Federation. She wrestled in her first match on July 30, 2005, against Krissy Vaine at a World Xtreme Wrestling (WXW) show as a last minute substitute for a sick wrestler. In 2006, she wrestled in WXW's Elite 8 Tournament where she lost in the final round to Mercedes Martinez. There was one very memorable match that Kacee Carlisle had with Cindy Rogers. During this encounter, Cindy Rogers was wearing spandex.
In February 2011, Carlisle participated in TNA Gut Check, a recruitment program for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, but she did not earn a contract with the promotion.
Carlisle defeated Tasha Simone on October 20, 2012, to win the NWA World Women's Championship. She later lost the title to Barbi Hayden on January 25, 2014.
On October 24, 2014, Carlisle defeated Sumie Sakai at VALKYRIE III: Queen's Road to become the inaugural Queen of VALKYRIE for VALKYRIE Women's Professional Wrestling.
On October 25, 2014, Carlisle defeated Sara Feeny to become the inaugural 1CW Women's Champion for First State Championship Wrestling. On December 13, 2014, she successfully defended the title against Jessie Kay.
Personal life
Carlisle grew up in Washington D.C. Carlisle ran for her high school team. She also lived in Manassas, Virginia, where she worked as an office manager. Her interests include animals, traveling, and photography.
Championships and accomplishments
Adrenaline Championship Wrestling
ACW Women's Championship (2 time, current)
Brew City Wrestling
BCW Women's Championship (1 time, current)
Bruiser Wrestling Federation
BWF Ladies Championship (3 times)
Dangerous Adrenaline Wrestling Gladiators
WWGP Women's Championship (1 time, current)
Dynamite Championship Wrestling
DCW Divas of Dynamite Women's Championship (2 times)
DCW Divas of Dynamite Tournament (2014)
DCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
First State Championship Wrestling
1CW Women's Championship (1 time)
Elite Pro Wrestling Alliance
EPWA Women's Championship (2 times, current)
Lucha Pride Pro Wrestling
Lucha Pride Pro Wrestling Women's Championship (1 time, current; inaugural)
Modern Vintage Wrestling
MVW Women's Championship (1 time, current)
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA World Women's Championship (1 time)
National Wrestling League
NWL/HoPWF Women's Champion (1 time)
Professional Girl Wrestling Association
Newcomer of the Year (2007)
Pro Wrestling Entertainment
PWE Ladies Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 7 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2013
Ultimate Championship Wrestling
UCW Women's Championship (1 time)
Valkyrie Women's Professional Wrestling
Queen of Valkyrie (1 time, current)
World Xtreme Wrestling
WXW Women's Championship (1 time)
WXW Diamond Division Championship (1 time)
References
External links
Kacee Carlisle profile at GLORY Wrestling.com
American female professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Washington, D.C.
1980 births
People from Manassas, Virginia
21st-century American women
21st-century professional wrestlers
20th-century professional wrestlers
NWA World Women's Champions | wiki |
October Storm may refer to:
Great storm of 1987, or the Great October Storm, which struck the United Kingdom and France
Lake Storm Aphid, which in October 2006 struck Buffalo, New York, and surrounding areas
See also
St. Jude storm, sometimes called the Oktoberstormen 2013 (October Storm 2013) in Danish
Typhoon Songda (2016), the "Ides of October Storm" | wiki |
Head (film), een film van Bob Rafelson
Head (muziekalbum), een album van The Monkees
<head> in HTML; zie Lijst van HTML-elementen | wiki |
This is a list of public art in Lexington, Kentucky, in the United States. This list applies only to works of public art on permanent display in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artworks in museums. Public art may include sculptures, statues, monuments, memorials, murals, and mosaics.
Public art
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville
Public art | wiki |
Super street may refer to:
Super Street, an import automotive magazine, published by Source Interlink.
Superstreet, a type of road intersection which is a variation of the Michigan left. | wiki |
Ringspot, a symptom of various plant viral infections, may refer to:
Carnation ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Tombusviridae
Hydrangea ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Flexiviridae
Odontoglossum ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus
Papaya ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae
Potato black ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae
Raspberry ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae
Strawberry latent ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae
Tobacco ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family Comoviridae
Tomato ringspot virus, plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae | wiki |
These products, even though Netflix lists them as Netflix Originals, are programs that have been aired in different countries, and Netflix has bought exclusive distribution rights to stream them in other various countries. They may be available on Netflix in their home territory and other markets where Netflix does not have the first run license, without the Netflix Original label, some time after their first-run airing on their original broadcaster.
Feature films
Documentaries
Specials
Upcoming
Feature films
Specials
Notes
References
External links
Netflix | wiki |
Sing Tao may refer to:
Sing Tao Daily, a newspaper published in Hong Kong and overseas
Sing Tao Holdings, one of a predecessor of Sing Tao News Corporation
Sing Tao News Corporation, a company in Hong Kong, has published Sing Tao Daily
Sing Tao SC, a Hong Kong football club owned by Sing Tao Holdings, active 1940–1999
Sing Tao Chinese Radio, the radio division of the Sing Tao News Corporation in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sing Tao Daily (Canada), a newspaper based in Toronto
See also
Qingdao or Tsingtao, a city in Shandong Province, China
Tsingtao Brewery | wiki |
(Per-Inge) Anders Töpel (16 January 1947 – 10 April 2014) was a Swedish guitarist, best known for being the lead guitarist of the Swedish rock group Tages.
Early life
Töpel was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. He befriended Tommy Blom as a child. Töpel received his first acoustic guitar while in his early teens. He graduated from school in June 1965, while his career in Tages was in full action.
Tages
Töpel formed Tages together with his friend Tommy Blom during the summer of 1963 when they performed with acoustic guitars during a regatta in Hovås, south of Gothenburg. Because of popular reception, the duo quickly recruited guitarist Danne Larsson and Göran Lagerberg on washboard (later bass guitar) while starting to play skiffle together. After recruiting drummer Freddie Skantze to the line-up, the band quickly turned electrical and started performing in the style of the Beatles.
The name Tages comes from the middle name of the groups guitarist, Danne Larsson. The band chose Larsson’s because they thought it was “the cheesiest name”.
Töpel was present during the Västkustens Beatles (West Coast Beatles) contest in August 1964, which propelled the band into stardom. Their first single, which became "Sleep Little Girl" (1964), was written by Blom. Töpel's playing is present on all tracks Tages recorded between 1964 and 1968, primarily on lead guitar.
Most of his compositions for the group were co-written with other group members, which included; "Tell Me You're Mine", "Hey Mama" and the hit "Don't Turn Your Back". "Don't Turn Your Back" was the only hit record by the band that Töpel sang a lead vocal on.
Töpel left Tages (now going under the name Blond) in 1969.
Personal life and death
After exiting Tages, Töpel went through his mandatory military service within the Swedish Air Defence Regiment until he was discharged in 1970. Following his discharge from the military, he joined another band called Fyran, with Freddie Skantze. After Fyran split, he retired from the music industry and worked as a harbourmaster in the Port of Gothenburg.
Töpel was diagnosed with blood cancer during the early 2000s. He recovered, however, the cancer returned a few years later and Töpel eventually died on 10 April 2014, aged 67. At the time he was living in Kullavik, south of Gothenburg.
References
Sources
See also
Tages (band)
Tages discography
Swedish rock guitarists
1947 births
Swedish songwriters
Swedish male guitarists
2014 deaths
Deaths from blood cancer
Deaths from cancer in Sweden
Musicians from Gothenburg | wiki |
Richard "Little Dick" West (December 31, 1860 – April 13, 1898) was an American outlaw of the Old West, and a member of Bill Doolin's gang.
Early life and background
West was born in Texas, supposedly in 1860. He was working as a cowboy on the Halsell Ranch in Oklahoma Territory when he first met Doolin, in 1892. He was with the gang during a bank robbery in Southwest City, Missouri, which resulted in a gunfight in which West was wounded. He remained with the gang through 1896, when Doolin was killed by a Deputy US Marshal Heck Thomas and Deputy Marshals Bill Tilghman. Thomas, and Deputy Marshals Bill Tilghman and Chris Madsen systematically eliminated the gang over the course of the 1890s, leading to their nickname, the Three Guardsmen.
Disappearance and death
After the gang split apart, they were still being pursued by the lawmen. West helped to form the Jennings Gang, with lawyers turned outlaws Al Jennings and his brother Frank, which made a number of bungled train robberies. After failing miserably, the gang split apart, and the other four members were captured and sentenced to jail in 1897, but West eluded capture. Deputy Marshal Madsen eventually tracked West to Guthrie, Oklahoma, where a shootout ensued, during which West was killed. He is buried there in the Summit View Cemetery. Other members of the Doolin Gang met similar fates in Oklahoma.
External links
Bill Doolin
"Little Dick" West
Jennings Gang
1860 births
1898 deaths
American bank robbers
Cowboys
Deaths by firearm in Oklahoma
Fugitives
Gunslingers of the American Old West
Outlaws of the American Old West
People of Indian Territory
People from Texas
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States | wiki |
Stepping Out is a German competitive dancing talent show that aired on RTL on 11 September 2015 and was hosted by Daniel Hartwich & Sylvie Meis. The judging panel consisted of Jorge González, Motsi Mabuse and Joachim Llambi.
Unlike other similar dance shows, the dancers were all couples in real life, not one celebrity plus one professional dancer.
Contestants
Scoring chart
Average score chart
This table only counts dances scored on a 30-point scale; bonus scores are excluded.
Highest and lowest scoring performances
The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows:
Dance chart
2015 German television series debuts
RTL (German TV channel) original programming
German reality television series
Dance competition television shows
German-language television shows | wiki |
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, P.L. 100-242, 101 Stat. 1815, is a United States federal law which amended the Housing and Community Development Act laws with regards to the Housing Act of 1937. The amendments revised sections of the Act concerning community and neighborhood development, family and single housing, and preservation for low income home owners. The law provided insurance for FHA Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECM) better known as a home equity conversion loan or reverse mortgage.
Title VI of the Act established the Nehemiah Housing Opportunity Grants ("NHOP") program, intended to encourage homeownership by making federal grants to nonprofit organizations who would, in turn, loan funds to low-income families purchasing homes being built or rehabilitated under an approved program. NHOP ceased operation in 1991 when it was repealed by section 289 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 (42 USC 12839).
The S. 825 legislation was passed by the 100th U.S. Congressional session and signed into law by the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan on February 5, 1988.
See also
Housing and Community Development Act of 1977
Housing and Community Development Act of 1992
External links
1988 in law
100th United States Congress
United States federal housing legislation
Mortgage industry of the United States
Community development
Urban economics
Urban politics in the United States
1988 in the United States | wiki |
The Canadian Biodiversity Information Network (CBIN) was developed in 1996 to deliver information on the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy and to serve as Canada's national node to the global Clearing House Mechanism. CBIN facilitates biodiversity-relevant information-sharing as part of Canada's implementation of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
See also: Criticisms of the biodiversity paradigm
References
External links
Convention on Biological Diversity
Biodiversity Convention Office
Environment Canada
Environment of Canada
Environment and Climate Change Canada | wiki |
Moonfire may refer to:
Moonfire (album), a 2011 album by Boy & Bear
Moonfire (film), a 1970 action adventure film
Of a Fire on the Moon, a 1970 book by Norman Mailer, later republished as Moonfire | wiki |
Boulevard Brewing Company is a brewery located in Kansas City, Missouri. The Brewers Association currently ranks the American arm of Boulevard's parent company, Duvel Moortgat USA, as the 12th largest craft brewery, and the 18th largest active brewery in the United States based on 2014 sales volume. Boulevard is the largest craft brewery in the state of Missouri. Boulevard's beers are available in select markets across the United States and Canada.
In 2013, Boulevard was acquired by Duvel Moortgat Brewery. Terms of the deal were not disclosed, but industry publication Beer Business Daily estimated the sale price exceeds $100 million.
History
Boulevard began in 1988 with the construction of the brewery in a turn-of-the-century brick building on Kansas City’s historic Southwest Boulevard. A vintage Bavarian brewhouse was installed with used equipment from a closed brewery in Bavaria, Germany, and the first batches of beer were produced in the fall of 1989. Based on the historic example set by the local and regional breweries that were once common throughout the United States prior to Prohibition, the brewery has a focus on providing locally-brewed beer for the Kansas City region. The brewery's first half-barrel of Boulevard Pale Ale was delivered in a pickup truck to Ponak's Mexican Kitchen, located nearby. In 1990, Boulevard Wheat was added to the product line. Wheat and Pale Ale remain the company’s strongest sellers.
Introduced in late 2007, the "Smokestack Series" joined Boulevard's family of beers with year-round, seasonal, and limited edition lines of artisanal selections packaged mostly in 750 ml bottles, while some are also available in 12 oz. bottles and on draft. These bold, complex varieties were inspired by Belgian Trappist beer, and share several characteristics including their higher alcohol content. Year-round Smokestack beers include The Calling double ipa, Long Strange Tripel, The Sixth Glass quadrupel, Dark Truth Stout, Tell-Tale Tart a slightly sour ale, and Tank 7, a farmhouse ale. Additional Smokestack beers have been released, including some limited release and some that are available year-round.
In mid-2009, the company introduced Boulevard Pilsner to its core brand family. The brew is a nod to the full-bodied pilsners of Kansas City's historic breweries of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the spring of 2013, Boulevard Pilsner was rebranded to KC Pils.
In 2018, Boulevard teamed with Kansas City native and rapper Tech N9ne to create a new beer. The beer, which is named Bou Lou and is a wheat beer with pineapple and coconut flavors, is named for and inspired by his song "Caribou Lou". It was released on June 18 in Kansas City, Wichita, Denver, and Oklahoma City and on July 9 in St. Louis.
With capacity reaching an estimated 600,000 barrels from an expansion project completed in 2006, the brewery is now one of the largest craft brewers in the Midwest. In the U.S., Boulevard Beer is available in 41 states. Internationally, it can be found in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
In 2013, many of the brewery's beers were certified kosher by the Vaad HaKashruth of Kansas City.
2021 sexism and harassment scandal
In January 2021, a female reddit user reported leaving the brewery in 2020 because of harassment, and a "sexist work environment", detailing numerous examples of prejudice against women. The post was shared widely, gained media attention, and less than one week later Boulevard's president Jeff Krum resigned, along with two other high-level employees. The brewery's founder, John McDonald, returned to run the company to "make things right" shortly after. An outside company was hired to conduct an investigation, which "affirmed [that] instances of harassment and problematic behavior had occurred."
Brewery expansion
Boulevard underwent expansions in 1999 and 2005. In March 2006, Boulevard broke ground on a $20 million expansion project that increases brewing production capacity by an estimated 60,000 barrels/year. The new brewing and packaging building was constructed adjacent to the existing plant.
Designed by 360 Architecture, the new addition is and includes a two-story state-of-the-art brewhouse and a kegging/bottling facility with a skylit atrium. The third floor, in addition to housing Boulevard Brewery offices, has two large hospitality rooms, with a terrace overlooking downtown Kansas City. A glass skywalk links both pedestrian circulation and beer piping between the old and new brewhouses.
The completed expansion facilitates the brewing of Boulevard's Unfiltered Wheat Beer and Pale Ale beers, which together comprise more than 60 percent of Boulevard's sales. Unfiltered Wheat Beer is the best-selling beer of its style in the Midwest.
In Fall 2011 Boulevard began a $3 million expansion of its original brew house at 25th Street and Southwest Boulevard in Kansas City. The expansion required Boulevard to remove six 105-barrel fermenters in order to replace them with eight new 300-barrel fermentation tanks from the Paul Mueller Company of Springfield, Missouri. The expansion allowed the brewery to produce an additional 35,000 barrels of beer a year, increasing capacity by about 20 percent. In order to accommodate the new tanks, the original brew house at 25th Street and Southwest Boulevard needed to be raised about 35 feet.
Boulevard offers daily tours where visitors may sample their brews.
References
External links
Manufacturing companies based in Kansas City, Missouri
Beer brewing companies based in Missouri
Tourist attractions in Kansas City, Missouri
Buildings and structures in Kansas City, Missouri | wiki |
Room to Breathe may refer to:
Room to Breathe (Delbert McClinton album)
Room to Breathe (Reba McEntire album)
Room to Breathe (ZOEgirl album)
"Room to Breathe" (You Me at Six song) (2014)
"Room to Breathe", a song by Blindspott from Blindspott
"Room to Breathe", a song by Andrew W.K.
Room to Breathe, a 2006 short film featuring Art Alexakis | wiki |
Something Like Summer may refer to:
Something Like Summer (novel), a 2011 novel by Jay Bell
Something Like Summer (film), a 2017 film, based on the novel | wiki |
A Trendelenburg operation is a surgical procedure conducted for the treatment of varicose veins. It is the juxtafemoral flush ligation of the great saphenous vein to the femoral vein.
Procedure
An oblique incision is made in the groin, over the femoral artery and extending 4 cm medially. The great saphenous vein is exposed and the common femoral and superficial femoral vein are identified before dividing. The vein is ligated close to the junction with of the femoral vein. If the ligation is distal from the saphenofemoral junction, it will leave out small tributaries which may later cause recurrence of varicosities. Additionally, there is risk of a blind loop formation, which can be a potential space for the formation of thrombus. The rate of recurrence in this surgical procedure is high.
References
Surgical procedures and techniques | wiki |
Stichometry is the practice of counting lines in texts: Ancient Greeks and Romans measured the length of their books in lines, just as modern books are measured in pages. This practice was rediscovered by German and French scholars in the 19th century. Stichos (pl. stichoi) is the Greek word for a 'line' of prose or poetry and the suffix '-metry' is derived from the Greek word for measurement.
The length of each line in the Iliad and Odyssey, which may have been among the first long, Greek texts written down, became the standard unit for ancient stichometry. This standard line (Normalzeile, in German) was thus as long as an epic hexameter and contained about 15 syllables or 35 Greek letters.
Stichometry existed for several reasons. Scribes were paid by the line and their fee per line was sometimes fixed by legal decree. Authors occasionally cited passages in the works of other authors by giving their approximate line number. Book buyers used total line counts to check that copied texts were complete. Library catalogs listed the total number of lines in each work along with the title and author.
Scholars believe that stichometry became established in Athens sometime during the 5th century BC when copying prose works became common. Stichometry is mentioned briefly in Plato's Laws (c. 347 BC), several times in Isocrates (early to mid-4th century), and in Theopompus (late 4th to early 3rd century), but these casual references suggest the practice was already routine. The same standard line was used for stichometry among the Greeks and Romans for about a thousand years until stichometry apparently fell out of use among the Byzantine Greeks in the Middle Ages as page numbers became more common.
The standard work on stichometry is Kurt Ohly's 1928 Stichometrische Untersuchungen which collects together the results of some fifty years of scholarly debate and research. Today, stichometry plays a small but useful role in research in fields as diverse as the history of the ancient book, papyrology, and Christian hermeneutics.
Definitions
There are two kinds of stichometry: total stichometry is the practice of reporting the total number of lines in a work. Partial stichometry is the practice of including a series of numerals in the margins of a text, usually to mark every hundredth line.
Stichometry was sometimes confused with colometry, the practice of some Christian authors in late antiquity of writing texts broken into rhetorical phrases to aid delivery. Some modern Jewish and Christian scholars use ‘stichometry’ as a synonym for ‘stichography,’ which is the occasional practice in ancient scriptures of laying out texts so that each biblical or poetic verse begins on a new line.
Evidence for stichometry
The libraries of Europe contain many medieval copies of ancient Greek and Latin texts. Many of these contain short notes or 'subscriptions' on the final page that, in hundreds of cases, give the total number of lines in the work. In texts of classical authors such as Herodotus and Demosthenes, these totals are expressed in the older, acrophonic numerals that were used in Athens during the classical period but abandoned sometime during the Hellenistic period. Thus these stichometric totals are thought to descend, along with the content of the texts, from very early editions.
Many ancient authors mention stichometry. Galen complains about the verbosity of a rival and says he can offer a description in fewer lines. In the 1st century BC, a philosopher criticized Zeno of Citium and cited particular passages by giving their line number to the nearest hundredth line. Diogenes Laërtius probably draws on the Pinakes, the published catalogue of the Library of Alexandria, when he reports the total number of lines in the oeuvres of various authors. He says, for example, that Speusippus wrote 43,475, Aristotle wrote 445,270, and Theophrastus wrote 232,808 lines. The Cheltenham Canon lists line totals for books in the Christian Bible and concludes with an anonymous note apparently written by a book dealer in the 4th century AD when the practice of stichometry was perhaps becoming less familiar:
Since the list of line totals [of the books in the Bible available] in the city of Rome is not reliable, and elsewhere because of greed is not complete, I have gone through each individual book, counting 16 syllables to the line (as used in Virgil), and recorded the number for each book in all of them.
Beginning in the 19th century, archaeologists discovered a large number of more or less fragmentary Greek scrolls in Egypt. Ohly describes and analyzes some fifty papyri which provide direct, ancient evidence for total and partial stichometry.
Modern rediscovery
Friedrich Ritschl, a leading German classicist in the mid-19th century, stimulated interest in the mysterious numerals found at the end of medieval manuscripts by discussing them in several of his essays.
In an 1878 article that Ohly called ‘epoch-making,’ Charles Graux proved that the numerals at the end of the medieval manuscripts were proportional to the length of each work and in fact gave the total number of a fixed unit equal to a Homeric line. This discovery established the concept of the standard line.
While studying the Clarke Codex of Plato's dialogues at Oxford, Martin Schanz noticed that isolated letters in the margins of two dialogues formed an alphabetic series and marked every hundredth standard line (alpha = 100, beta = 200, etc.). He was able to show that other manuscripts had similar marginal markings. His 1881 article named this kind of line-counting 'partial stichometry' and contrasted it to 'total stichometry' studied by Graux.
Theodor Birt's well-known The Nature of the Ancient Book (1882) substantially widened research on stichometry. Birt saw that Graux's breakthrough led to a cascade of insights about scribal practices and publishing, citations and intertextuality, and the kinds of formats and editions used in antiquity. Stichometry thus led to a broader study of the spatial organization of ancient books and their social, economic, and intellectual roles. As Hermann Diels said,
The investigations of the recently deceased Charles Graux, taken all too prematurely from the world of scholarship, have made it henceforth inalterably certain that the standard line (the stichos) of the ancients was a unit of spatial length equal to the hexameter. Theodor Birt has rightly erected his shrewd and persuasive The Nature of the Ancient Book upon this foundation.
Birt's 550-page work was stimulated by practical questions about the ancient culture of books but grew into a broad reevaluation and reorganization of our knowledge of ancient literature and intellectual life. His introduction argued:
The nature of the literature of antiquity and the form of the ancient book reciprocally conditioned each other. The context of publication enveloped and modified literary creativity. The dividends of these investigations will thereby far exceed the satisfaction of merely antiquarian pleasures.
Many of Birt's theories and interpretations are dated and have been superseded by later research, but he permanently broadened and deepened the methodologies used in histories of the ancient book and connected stichometry to a broad range of intellectual and literary issues.
In 1893, James Rendel Harris' book Stichometry extended these new developments to an analysis of the stichometric data found in many early manuscripts of the Christian Bible and other Christian texts.
In 1909, Domenico Bassi published a survey of the stichometric notations found on the papyri excavated at Herculaneum.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, archaeologists discovered a large number of fragmentary, Greek scrolls in Egyptian tombs, mummies, and city dumps. Some of these contained stichometric notations, and papyrologists became interested in the question of whether this data provided clues that would aid in reassembling the fragments. Kurt Ohly studied the stichometry found in many of the scrolls excavated at Herculaneum in Italy but his 1929 book Stichometrische Untersuchungen contained a complete survey of the treasure trove of newly discovered Greco-Egyptian papyri with stichometric notations. It is regarded as the standard work on stichometry. Ohly discusses the length of the standard line, the evidence for syllable counting, the various number systems used in stichometric reports, and the aims and history of stichometry among the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Ohly's catalog of ancient papyri with stichometry together with Bassi's survey and the line reports in medieval manuscripts collected by Graux provide a wide range of evidence for ancient stichometric practices and their evolution through the centuries.
Recent research and applications
Rudolf Blum summarized research on stichometry in the catalog of Callimachus at the Library of Alexandria.
Holger Essler (University of Würzburg) discussed stichometry's role in the ongoing efforts to reconstruct the papyri excavated at Herculaneum.
Dirk Obbink (Oxford University) used stichometry in his restoration of Philodemus' On Piety.
Jay Kennedy (Manchester University) claimed in several articles and a book, The Musical Structure of Plato's Dialogues, that Plato counted the lines in his dialogues in order to insert symbolic passages at regular intervals and thereby formed various musical and Pythagorean patterns.
Rachel Yuen-Collingridge and Malcolm Choat (Macquarie University) used stichometry along with other kinds of evidence to make inferences about scribal practice and copying techniques.
Mirko Canevaro (Durham University) argued that the stichometric totals in the Demosthenes manuscripts descended from the earliest editions. He used these totals to show that the supposed excerpts of documentary evidence inserted in the speeches were not present in those early editions and were thus late forgeries. His book, The Documents in the Attic Orators, includes an introduction to stichometry.
See also
Stichometry of Nicephorus
Attic numerals
Greek numerals
References
External links
Thompson’s Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography (1912) has a chapter on stichometry and colometry (English).
Les Articles Originaux collection of articles by Graux, esp. on stichometry (French).
Schanz's article on partial stichometry at JSTOR (German).
Birt's The Nature of the Ancient Book at the Internet Archive (German).
Bassi's survey of the Herculaneum stichometry at the Internet Archive (Italian).
F.G. Lang's article on stichometry in the New Testament introduces stichometry and collects many references (German).
Manuscripts
Ancient Greek literature | wiki |
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located within the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,461 at the 2010 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships. When calculated by mailing address, the population as of the 2010 U.S. Census was 108,696, which would make it the 10th largest city by mailing address in the state of Pennsylvania.
Much of the West Chester University of Pennsylvania North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
History
The area was originally known as Turk's Head—after the inn of the same name located in what is now the center of the borough. West Chester has been the seat of government in Chester County since 1786 when the seat was moved from nearby Chester in what is now Delaware County. The borough was incorporated in 1799. In the heart of town is its courthouse, a classical revival building designed in the 1840s by Thomas U. Walter, one of the architects for the Capitol in Washington, D.C. In the 18th century West Chester was a center of clockmaking. Irish revolutionary Wolfe Tone briefly lived in West Chester during his exile. In the late 19th century the Hoopes, Bro. and Darlington company became a major wheelworks, first for wagons and later automobiles. In the early 20th century, an important industry was the Sharples cream separator company. In the late 20th century, Commodore International, one of the pioneers of home computers, giving its headquarters as West Chester, was located approximately a mile northeast of the borough.
The West Chester Downtown Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Other listed buildings are the Bank of Chester County, Buckwalter Building, Butler House, Chester County Courthouse, William Everhart Buildings, Farmers and Mechanics Building, First Presbyterian Church of West Chester, New Century Clubhouse, Joseph Rothrock House, Sharples Homestead, Sharples Separator Works, Warner Theater, West Chester Boarding School for Boys, and components of West Chester State College Quadrangle Historic District.
Geography
West Goshen Township borders West Chester to the north, south, and east, while East Bradford Township borders West Chester to the west. The borough straddles the Brandywine Creek and Chester Creek watersheds. It is located west of Philadelphia and north of Wilmington, Delaware.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all of it land.
Climate
As with much of southeastern Pennsylvania east of the Appalachian mountains, West Chester lies in the transition zone between the humid continental (Köppen: Dfa) and humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa) climate zones, with generally more characteristics of the former than the latter. Summers are hot and humid and winters are cold but variable. Annual high temperatures average between and , annual low temperatures average between and , with the record high being , and record low being .
Annual precipitation averages , and annual snowfall averages .
Demographics
At the 2010 census, the borough was 72.1% non-Hispanic White, 12.1% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.4% Asian, and 2.4% was of two or more races. About 13.4% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.
As of the census of 2000, 17,861 people, 6,265 households, and 2,662 families resided in the borough. The population density was 9,703.3 people per square mile (3,747.9/km2). The 6,541 housing units averaged 3,553.5 per square mile (1,372.6/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 75.44% White, 17.08% Black, 3.64% from other races, 1.46% Asian, 0.31% Native American, 0.07% Pacific Islander, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 8.94%.
Of the 6,265 households, 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 26.8% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 57.5% were not families. About 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 13.4% under the age of 18, 37.7% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 13.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $37,803, and for a family was $51,018. Males had a median income of $35,540, versus $30,819 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,073. About 9.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Corporate headquarters include:
Commodore Business Machines, the operational headquarters of Commodore International (now defunct)
Communications Test Design, Inc. (CTDI), engineering, repair, and logistics for telecommunications equipment
Mars Drinks, maker of Flavia Beverage Systems
VWR International (lab and scientific supplies distributor)
The operational headquarters of medical company Synthes
Economy.com, part of Moody's Analytics
QVC has its headquarters and television studios in West Goshen Township, near West Chester. It is located in the same buildings that were once the corporate headquarters of Commodore International. Electronics Boutique, when it existed as an independent company, had its headquarters in West Goshen Township, in proximity to West Chester.
Among the major shopping centers in the area is Bradford Plaza, a 22-acre property with a 161,000-square-ft center which sold in 2014 to New York Life for $35.7 million.
Culture and media
The West Chester Public Library has provided library services to area residents since 1872. It currently has a collection of 50,000 items and receives 110,000 visits every year. The Francis Harvey Green Library on the university campus has additional collections.
The Daily Local News, headquartered in West Chester, covers Chester County events. WCHE (1520 AM) broadcasts from downtown West Chester and is a local commercial radio station that provides news and entertainment to Chester County. The Quad is the student-run newspaper of West Chester University. Published since 1932, it covers not only campus events, but also regional and national news. Radio station WCUR (91.7 FM) broadcasts from the borough and is managed by university students.
Transportation
Roads and highways
As of 2011, there were of public roads in West Chester, of which were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and were maintained by the borough.
US 202 and US 322 are the major highways serving the area, though both bypass West Chester Borough on the limited-access West Chester Bypass. US 202 heads northeast to King of Prussia and south to Wilmington, Delaware while US 322 heads northwest to Downingtown and southeast to Chester. US 322 Business still follows the original alignment of US 322 and part of the original alignment of US 202 through West Chester along Hannum Avenue, Chestnut and Market streets, and South High Street.
The main east–west road to West Chester is West Chester Pike, which begins in Upper Darby, Delaware County, just outside Philadelphia, and is part of Pennsylvania Route 3 (PA 3). The West Chester Pike originally existed as a private turnpike connecting Philadelphia and West Chester between 1850 and 1918, when it became a public road. In West Chester, PA 3 follows Market Street eastbound and Gay Street westbound. The main north–south road in West Chester is High Street. To the north of town, the road is known as Pottstown Pike, which connects to PA 100 near Exton (PA 100 formerly ran through town). To the south of town, the road is known as Wilmington-West Chester Pike. Other state routes serving West Chester include PA 162 and PA 842, which head west towards Unionville, and PA 52, which heads southwest towards Kennett Square.
Public transportation
West Chester is home to the West Chester Transportation Center, which serves as a parking garage for the Chester County Justice Center and a bus terminal, which is located on the lower level of the facility. Three of SEPTA's Suburban Division bus routes serve West Chester. The Route 92 bus connects West Chester to the King of Prussia Transit Center, the Route 104 bus runs between West Chester University and the 69th Street Transportation Center, mostly following West Chester Pike, and the Route 135 bus connects West Chester to Exton, Downingtown, and Coatesville. The Route 104 bus replaced a trolley service that connected West Chester to Philadelphia along the West Chester Pike between 1898 and the 1950s. West Chester is also served by the Transportation Management Association of Chester County's SCCOOT, which provides service to Kennett Square and Oxford.
Until September 1986, West Chester was served by SEPTA's Media/Wawa Line commuter rail line, then known as the Media/West Chester Line. Service on the line was discontinued because of poor track conditions west of Elwyn station. At the time, SEPTA had limited funds for the necessary repairs and offered Chester County the option of either improving the rail line or expanding parking availability at the nearby Exton station on SEPTA's Paoli/Thorndale Line. The county opted for the latter, and service on the line was cut back to Elwyn (service was re-extended to Wawa station in August 2022). The rail line into West Chester is used by the West Chester Railroad, a heritage railroad.
In popular culture
Many of the skits on the MTV television series Jackass, and later Jackass: The Movie, were filmed in and around the borough, primarily those featuring Bam Margera and the CKY crew. The spin-off shows Viva La Bam and Bam's Unholy Union were filmed almost entirely in the area, as was the movie Haggard and the CKY videos.
A documentary, Our Lady Of Victory, later released as The Mighty Macs, filmed many scenes in and around West Chester, including Jimmy Johns, and the Armory Building.
Marley & Me, starring Jennifer Aniston and Owen Wilson, filmed scenes in West Chester in 2008.
In Funny or Die's first feature film iSteve, a parody of the life of Steve Jobs, one of the villains is Commodore International, based in West Chester. This fact is prominently displayed several times in the film.
Government
The borough is governed by the town council form of government. Led by the Borough Manager, there are seven council members, each representing one of the seven voting wards. The council controls all departments except the Police Department (the Mayor directs Police Department activities through the Chief of Police). The mayor and council members are directly elected by borough voters.
On January 3, 2022, Lillian DeBaptiste (D), daughter of former mayor Clifford DeBaptiste (R), was sworn in as mayor.
Council members
:
Education
Public schools
The West Chester Area School District, an independent entity, manages the area's public school system. All of the secondary schools operated by the district serve sections of West Chester borough: they are three high schools (Henderson High School, West Chester East High School, Rustin High School) and three middle schools (E.N. Peirce Middle School, J.R. Fugett Middle School, G.A. Stetson Middle School).
Elementary schools serving sections of West Chester borough include: East Bradford, East Goshen, Exton, Fern Hill, Glen Acres, Hillsdale, Mary C. Howes, Penn Wood, Sarah Starkweather, and Westtown-Thornbury. Under some zoning proposals circa 2018, Exton, Glen Acres, Howes, and Penn Wood would no longer serve portions of West Chester borough.
Private schools
St. Agnes School, a K-8 school of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia, is in the borough limits. It opened in 1871. its enrollment is over 300.
There are other Catholic K-8 schools with West Chester postal addresses:
SS. Peter and Paul School (East Goshen Township) was established in September 2001, with planning for the school beginning in 1997.
SS. Simon and Jude School (Westtown Township)
St. Maximilian Kolbe School (Westtown Township)
Colleges and universities
Much of West Chester University's North Campus is located in the borough, south of the commercial and retail center.
Public libraries
West Chester Public Library is the community library.
Entertainment
West Chester has a variety of places to visit, including restaurants, shops, parks, and historical sites. Some popular tourist attractions include the Uptown! Knauer Performing Arts Center, Chester County Historical Society, the American Helicopter Museum, the West Chester Railroad, Brandywine Picnic Park, and QVC studio tours. People can also explore Downtown West Chester, which features a selection of dining and retail options along with historical buildings.
West Chester is home to West Chester United SC a lower level professional soccer club that currently competes in both the National Premier Soccer League and USL League Two. Home matches are played at Kildare's Field. The organization also fields a side in the United Soccer League of Pennsylvania , a fully-amateur state league
Notable people
References
External links
Official borough website
West Chester County news from The Philadelphia Inquirer
1799 establishments in Pennsylvania
Boroughs in Chester County, Pennsylvania
County seats in Pennsylvania
Populated places established in 1760 | wiki |
The term interim order refers to an order issued by a court during the pendency of the litigation. It is generally issued by the Court to ensure Status quo. The rationale for such orders to be issued by the Courts is best explained by the Latin legal maxim "Actus curiae neminem gravabit" which, translated to English, stands for "an act of the court shall prejudice no one". Therefore, to ensure that none of the interests of the parties to the litigation are harmed, the court may issue an interim order.
Interim orders issued by the court may be of various kinds. The nature of the order essentially depends on the direction issued by the Court. Some examples of court orders classified as interim orders include:
Restraining orders (also called Injunction), which are issued to stop either party from acting in a particular manner during the pendency of the civil action. These are essentially issued by the court to prevent situations in which either party may suffer harm because the other party did/continued an act which was the matter in issue; and
Directive orders, which are issued to direct either party to continue to act in a particular manner until the conclusion of the trial or until further orders are issued. Directive orders may be issued if the non-continuation of the act would cause harm to the other party.
In public international law, the "rough equivalent" of an interim order is a provisional measure of protection, which can be "indicated" by the International Court of Justice.
Requirement for an interim order
The manner and exercise of powers by the courts are prescribed under the laws of most nations. These may be either enacted by legislation in the form of procedural laws of the country (as done by, for example, the United Kingdom under the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 or are left by the legislature for the courts to determine for themselves (for example the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure). It is under these procedural laws that the power to issue interim orders may be conferred on the courts.
India
In India, interim orders may be passed by civil courts in matters before them. Such orders can be passed either under the Specific Relief Act passed by the Parliament of India in 1963 or in terms of Section 151 of the Civil Procedure Code of 1908, which recognises and retains some inherent powers with the civil courts. However, the latter provision is usually seldom exercised. In terms of the 1963 Act, an interim order may be passed by the court only if the following conditions are satisfied;
Where there is a prima facie case in favour of the party seeking the order,
Irreparable damage may be caused to the party if the order is not passed and such damage may not be ascertained in terms or money and payable as damages, and
Where the balance of convenience lies with the party requesting for the order.
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France, may grant interim measures to prevent a state from carrying out an action that could cause irreparable harm before the court has had an opportunity to hear and/or decide a case. The most common circumstance for when interim measures are granted is in cases of extradition or deportation where there is valid evidence that the detainee or asylum seeker would be at risk of torture or the death penalty. Under the court's case law, sending someone to a country where it is reasonable to believe he or she would be tortured amounts to a violation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which prohibits torture. Interim measures are temporary and expire once the court has made a final decision. They are also sometimes referred to as precautionary or preliminary measures.
European Court of Justice
Interim measures may be granted by the President of the European Court of Justice. See List of European Court of Justice rulings#Interim orders.
See also
Court order
Injunction
Civil action
Trial
Hearing (law)
References
Court orders | wiki |
Cheryl Salem, née Prewitt, le à Ackerman, dans le Mississippi, aux États-Unis, est une Évangéliste chrétienne américaine, auteure et musicienne. Elle est couronnée 1979, puis Miss America 1980.
Références
Source de la traduction
Gagnante de Miss America
Naissance en février 1957
Naissance dans le comté de Choctaw (Mississippi) | wiki |
The Fraternal Order of Eagles Building is a historic Fraternal Order of Eagles clubhouse located in Richmond, Virginia. It was built in 1914, and is a three-story, three bay by six bay, rectangular brick building in the Neoclassical Revival style. In 2005, the building was renovated into apartments with a commercial space in the basement.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia
Neoclassical architecture in Virginia
Buildings and structures completed in 1914
Fraternal Order of Eagles buildings
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia | wiki |
Two different automobile lines from Rover have included a Rover 60 model:
Rover P3, 1948-1949
Rover P4, 1953-1959
60 | wiki |
On the Move: A Life is the second autobiography written by Oliver Sacks in 2015.
References
British autobiographies
Science autobiographies
2015 non-fiction books
Alfred A. Knopf books | wiki |
Lex scripta pl. leges scriptae is a Latin expression that means "written or statutory law". It is in contrast to lex non scripta, customary or common law. The term originates from the Roman legal tradition. Emperor Justinian divides the lex scripta into several categories:
Statutes
Plebiscita
Senatorial Decrees
The Decisions of the Emperors
Orders of the Magistrates
Answers of Jurisconsults
Lex scripta has a lasting effect that can define a legal tradition for a culture such as that found in the Corpus Juris Civilis, Magna Carta, Tang Code, or a country's constitution.
See also
List of Latin phrases
Latin legal terminology | wiki |
The Department of External Territories was an Australian government department that existed between February 1968 and November 1973. It was the second Australian Government department to be given the name.
History and scope
The Department of External Territories was established by the Gorton Government in 1968, formed from the portions of the old Department of Territories (I) that dealt with Papua New Guinea and Australia's smaller external territories and hiving off the portions of the department that dealt with Northern Territory.
According to the Administrative Arrangements Order made on 20 December 1972, the department dealt with matters related to the Territory of Papua, the Territory of New Guinea, the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands and the Territory of Christmas Island.
Structure
The department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for External Territories.
References
Ministries established in 1968
External Territories
1968 establishments in Australia
1973 disestablishments in Australia | wiki |
Hush hush or hush-hush may refer to:
Hush, Hush (series), young adult novels by Becca Fitzpatrick
Hush, Hush, the first novel of the series
Hush Hush (Kentucky Knife Fight album), a 2013 album by Kentucky Knife Fight
"Hush Hush" (Alexis Jordan song), a 2011 song by Alexis Jordan
"Hush Hush; Hush Hush", a 2008 song by The Pussycat Dolls
HushHush, a Philippine television drama series that debuted in 2008
Disques Hushush, an independent record label
Hush-Hush, a nickname for the LNER Class W1 experimental high pressure steam locomotive
"Hush-Hush" (Jimmy Reed song), 1960 song
Hush Hush (TV series), an Indian television series
See also
Hush (disambiguation)
Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte (disambiguation) | wiki |
Emotional abandonment is a subjective emotional state in which people feel undesired, left behind, insecure, or discarded. People experiencing emotional abandonment may feel at a loss. They may feel like they have been cut off from a crucial source of sustenance or feel withdrawn, either suddenly or through a process of erosion. Emotional abandonment can manifest through loss or separation from a loved one.
Feeling rejected, which is a significant component of emotional abandonment which has a biological impact in that it activates the physical pain centers of the brain and can leave an emotional imprint in the brain's warning system. Emotional abandonment has been a staple of poetry and literature since ancient times.
Impairment and treatment considerations
Individuals who experience feelings of emotional abandonment are likely to also experience maladaptive thoughts ("irrational beliefs") and behaviors such as depressive symptoms and relationship avoidance and/or dependence. This may cause abundant difficulty in daily life with interpersonal relationships and social settings. Feelings of emotional abandonment can stem from numerous situations. According to Makino et al (2004) "Whether one considers a romantic rejection, the dissolution of a friendship, ostracism by a group, estrangement from family members, or merely being ignored or excluded in casual encounters, rejections have myriad emotional, psychological, and interpersonal consequences. People not only react strongly when they perceive that others have rejected them, but a great deal of human behavior is influenced by the desire to avoid rejection." Therefore, our perception of rejection or of being rejected can have a lasting effect on how an individual acts. One's perception may impair one's ability to establish and maintain close and meaningful relationships with others.
While such maladaptive thoughts and behaviors are sometimes present in the context of certain psychological disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, depression, anxiety disorders), not all individuals who experience feelings of emotional abandonment will meet criteria for such a psychological disorder. These individuals may function within normal limits in spite of the presence of these emotional difficulties.
Feelings of emotional abandonment alone are not enough to merit a diagnosis for a psychological disorder. Such feelings should only be considered by a mental health professional in conjunction with all available information and diagnostic criterion prior to drawing conclusions about the state of someone's mental health. When treatment is deemed appropriate by a mental health professional, there are several treatment plans that are helpful in improving maladaptive thoughts and behaviors commonly manifested in those who feel emotionally abandoned. For example, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is effective in treating depression, anxiety disorders, and PTSD. Emotion focused therapy (EFT) is effective in treating depression. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is effective in treating negative emotionality and impulsive behaviors commonly seen in those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Another form of therapy that is suited to this population is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT focuses on an individual's avoidance of painful emotions and memories. ACT techniques are designed to cultivate thought processes that are focused on being present in the moment and accepting uncomfortable or painful thoughts and feelings. Reframing maladaptive perceptions of one's thoughts to adaptive perceptions of thoughts and committing to aligning one's behaviors with one's goals and values is fundamental to ACT treatment. Just like the process of arriving at diagnostic conclusions, all modes of therapy and treatment plans should be based on individual presentation and should be evaluated by a mental health professional before beginning treatment.
Separation anxiety
Separation anxiety, a substrate of emotional abandonment, is recognized as a primary source of human distress and dysfunction. When we experience a threat or disconnect within a primary attachment, it triggers a fear response referred to as separation stress or separation anxiety. Separation stress has been the subject of extensive research in psychological and neurobiological fields, and has been shown to be a universal response to separation in the animal world. When conducting experiments on rat pups, researchers separate the pups from their mothers for a period of time. They then measure their distress vocalizations and stress hormones to determine varying conditions of the separation response. As the rats mature, their subsequent reactive behaviors and stress hormones are reexamined and are shown to bear a striking resemblance to the depression, anxiety, avoidance behaviors, and self defeated posturing displayed by human beings known to have suffered earlier separation traumas.
Owing to the neocortical component of human functioning, when human beings lose a primary relationship, they are slow to grasp its potential repercussions (i.e. they may feel uncertain about the future or fear being unable to climb out of an abyss). There are additional factors that add to these fears such as "Unusual distress about being separated from a person or a pet, excessive worry that another person will be harmed if they leave them alone, heightened fear of being alone, physical symptoms when they know they will be separated from another person soon, excessive worry surrounding being alone, and needing to know where a spouse or loved one is at all times." All the aforementioned factors add an additional layer of separation stress. To abandon is "to withdraw one's support or help from, especially in spite of duty, allegiance, or responsibility; desert: abandon a friend in trouble." When the loss is due to the object's voluntary withdrawal, a common response is to feel unworthy of love. This indicates the tendency for people to blame the rejection on themselves. "Am I unworthy of love, destined to grow old and die all alone, bereft of human connection or caring?" Questioning one's desirability as a mate and fearing eternal isolation are among the additional anxieties incurred in abandonment scenarios. The concurrence of self devaluation and primal fear distinguish abandonment grief from most other types of bereavement.
Psychological trauma
The depression that might accompany abandonment can create a sustained type of stress that constitutes an emotional trauma which can be severe enough to leave an emotional imprint on an individuals' psychobiological functioning. This can affect future choices and responses to rejection, loss, or even disconnection. One after-effect of abandonment is that of experiencing triggers. These triggers are linked to our primal fear of being separated. This type of fear is referred to as primal abandonment fear. We fear being left alone and having no one to take care of our needs. People usually first experience anxiety as a fear of being separated from their mother This sensation is stored in the amygdala – a structure set deep into the brain's emotional memory system responsible for conditioning the fight/freeze/flight response to fear. Primal fear may have been initiated by birth trauma and even have some prenatal antecedents. The emotional memory system is fairly intact at or before birth and lays down traces of the sensations and feelings of the infant's separation experiences. These primitive feelings are reawakened by later events, especially those reminiscent of unwanted or abrupt separations from a source of sustenance.
In adulthood, being left arouses primal fear along with other primitive sensations which contribute to feelings of terror and outright panic. Infantile needs and urgencies re-emerge and can precipitate a symbiotic regression in which individuals feel, at least momentarily, unable to survive without the lost object. People may also experience the intense stress of helplessness. When they make repeated attempts to compel their loved one to return and are unsuccessful, they feel helpless and inadequate to the task. This helplessness causes people to feel possessed of what Michael Balint calls “a limited capacity to perform the work of conquest – the work necessary to transform an indifferent object into a participating partner.” According to Balint, feeling one's ‘limited capacity’ is traumatic in that it produces a fault line in the psyche which renders the person vulnerable to heightened emotional responses within primary relationships.
Another factor contributing to the traumatic conditions is the stress of losing one's background object. A background object is someone on whom individuals have come to rely in ways they did not realize until the object is no longer present. For instance, the relationship served as a mutual regulatory system. Multiple psychobiological systems helped to maintain individuals’ equilibrium. As members of a couple, they became external regulators for one another. They were attuned on many levels: their pupils dilated in synchrony, they echoed one another's speech patterns, movements, and even cardiac and EEG rhythms. As a couple, they functioned like a mutual bio-feedback system, stimulating and modulating each other's bio rhythms, responding to one another's pheromones, and addicting to the steady trickle of endogenous opiates induced by the relationship. When the relationship ends, the many processes it helped to regulate go into disarray. As the emotional and bio-physiological effects mount, the stressful process is heightened by the knowledge that it was not the person, but their loved one who chose to withdraw from the bond. This knowledge may cause people to interpret their intense emotional responses to the disconnection as evidence of their putative weakness and ‘limited capacity to perform the work of conquest’.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Some people who experience the traumatic stress of abandonment go on to develop post traumatic symptoms. Post-traumatic symptoms associated with abandonment include a sequela of heightened emotional reactions (ranging from mild to severe) and habituated defense mechanisms (many of which have become maladaptive) to perceived threats or disruptions to one's sense of self or to one's connections. Such symptoms are all very common, regardless of how traumatic the event. They include "recurrent intrusive memories, traumatic nightmares, and flashbacks. Avoiding trauma-related thoughts and feelings and/or objects, people, or places associated with the trauma. Distorted beliefs about oneself or the world, persistent shame or guilt, emotional numbing, feelings of alienation, inability to recall key details of the trauma, etc." These symptoms all stem from devastating events that can have lasting effects on the brain through adulthood.
There are various predisposing psycho-biological and environmental factors that go into determining whether one's earlier emotional trauma might lead to the development of a true clinical picture of post-traumatic stress disorder. One factor has to do with variation in certain brain structures. According to Jerome Kagan, some people are born with a locus coeruleus that tends to produce higher concentrations of norepinephrine, a brain chemical involved in arousal of the body's self-defense response. This would lower their threshold for becoming aroused and make them more likely to become anxious when they encounter stresses in life that are reminiscent of childhood separations and fears, hence making them more prone to becoming post-traumatic.
Borderline personality disorder
The most distinguishing symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are marked sensitivity to rejection or criticism, and intense fear of possible abandonment. Overall, the features of BPD include unusually intense sensitivity in relationships with others, difficulty regulating emotions, issues with self-image and impulsivity. Fear of abandonment may lead to overlapping dating relationships as a new relationship is developed to protect against abandonment in the existing relationship. Other symptoms may include feeling unsure of one's personal identity, morals, and values; having paranoid thoughts when feeling stressed; depersonalization; and, in moderate to severe cases, stress-induced breaks with reality or psychotic episodes.
Autophobia
Autophobia is the specific phobia of isolation; a morbid fear of being egotistical, or a dread of being alone or isolated. Sufferers need not be physically alone, but just to believe that they are being ignored or unloved.
References
External links
Emotion
Suffering
Attachment theory | wiki |
Belmont Mansion may refer to:
Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia), a historic house museum
Belmont Mansion (Tennessee), listed on the National Register of Historic Places | wiki |
Peugeot 2008 steht für folgende Automobilmodelle:
Peugeot 2008 I, 2013 bis 2019
Peugeot 2008 II, seit 2019 | wiki |
Синко-Вильяс (исп. Cinco Villas) — многозначный термин.
Синко-Вильяс — район (комарка) в Испании, входит в провинцию Сарагоса в составе автономного сообщества Арагон.
Синко-Вильяс — район (комарка) в Испании, входит в провинцию Наварра. | wiki |
In organic chemistry, when a single organic molecule has two different functional groups, it is called a bifunctional molecule . A bifunctional molecule has the properties of two different types of functional groups, such as an alcohol (), amide (), aldehyde (), nitrile () or carboxylic acid (). Many bifunctional molecules are used to produce medicines and catalysts, while others are used in condensation polymerization like polyester and polyamide. In organic molecules, functional groups are atoms or molecules that are responsible for the characteristic properties of that molecule, with the exceptions of double and triple bonds, which are also functional groups.
See also
Functionality (chemistry)
References
Further reading
Properties of Single Organic Molecules on Crystal Surfaces
Functional groups
Organic chemistry | wiki |
Grundschrift (base font, literally ground script) is a simplified form of handwriting adopted by Hamburg schools, and it is currently endorsed by the German National Primary Schoolteachers' Union.
If nationally adopted, it would replace the three different German cursives currently being taught in schools: the Lateinische Ausgangsschrift (introduced in 1953), the Schulausgangsschrift (1968), and the Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift (1969), providing a standardized system of handwriting in German school systems.
Grundschrift letters are written separately as block letters as opposed to cursive script, in which letters are conjoined together in a flowing motion.
See also
Kurrent
Sütterlin
References
Western calligraphy
Penmanship
Writing | wiki |
David Ewe is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand.
Playing career
Ewe was a Wellington representative and played one match for the New Zealand national rugby league team in 1989 on a tour of Great Britain. He represented New Zealand Māori in the 1992 Pacific Cup and in 1993.
Later Years
In 2010 Ewe won the 50th Golden Shears pairs competition with Carl Cocks.
References
New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand Māori rugby league players
New Zealand Māori rugby league team players
New Zealand national rugby league team players
Wellington rugby league team players
Upper Hutt Tigers players
Rugby league wingers
Rugby league centres
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | wiki |
Sarde in saor (sardèe in saór) are an appetizer based on fried sardines, seasoned with sweet and sour onions, pine nuts and raisins, typical of Venetian cuisine. They are often served as snacks in Venetian bacari.
"Saor" means "flavor" in the Venetan.
Origins
Sarde in saor was invented as a method of preservation used by Venetian fishermen who had the need to keep food on board for a long time or as long as possible.
Once the onions were cooked with vinegar and oil, they were laid in layers interspersed with fried sardines in terracotta containers. As time passed by, the recipe acquired more refined taste tones; in fact, raisins were added in order to help digestion and to sweeten mouth and breath of its tasters, with understandable relational implications.
The modern recipe also calls for pine nuts.
Since the fishermen ate the sarde in saor after a long time had passed from the moment of their preparation, they savored the taste and aroma of a product which was often no longer fresh.
For this reason, even today, when preparing sardines in saor, it is a good rule to eat them at least after one day of settling.
Note
Other projects
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Saor
External links
Onion-based foods
Cuisine of Veneto
Italian cuisine
Fish dishes | wiki |
Ponderosa Pines – jednostka osadnicza w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Montana, w hrabstwie Gallatin.
CDP w stanie Montana | wiki |
Keep On Walking or Keep On Walkin' may refer to:
[[Keep On Walkin' (album)|Keep On Walkin''' (album)]], 2008 album and its title song by The Grascals
"Keep On Walking" (Salem Al Fakir song)
"Keep On Walking" (Scouting for Girls song)
"Keep On Walkin'" (song), song by CeCe Peniston
"Keep On Walking", 1975 song by Gino Vannelli from Storm at Sunup "Keep On Walkin'", 1992 single release by Mike Reid from Twilight Town'' | wiki |
Keep the Change may refer to:
Keep the Change (album), an album by ApologetiX
Keep the Change, an album by Ralph Bowen
"Keep the Change" (General Hospital: Night Shift), an episode of the US TV series General Hospital: Night Shift
Keep the Change (film), a 1992 TV film starring William Petersen, adapted from a novel by Thomas McGuane
Keep the Change (2018 film), a 2018 American romantic comedy film
Keep the Change, a novel by Thomas McGuane
"Keep the Change", a 2009 song by Holly Williams from the album Here with Me
"Keep the Change", a 2010 song by Darryl Worley
"Keep the Change", a 2011 song by Hank Williams Jr.
See also
Tip (gratuity) | wiki |
Other People's Children may refer to:
Other People's Children (TV series), a 2000 British television drama
"Other People's Children" (General Hospital: Night Shift), a 2008 episode of the US TV series General Hospital: Night Shift
"Other People's Children" (Modern Family), a 2014 episode from the TV series Modern Family
Other People's Children (1958 film), a 1958 Georgian film
Other People's Children (2015 film), a 2015 American film
Other People's Children (2022 film), a 2022 French film by Rebecca Zlotowski
"Honour & Other People's Children", two novellas by Australian author Helen Garner | wiki |
Queen Fine Foods is Australia's leading producer of pure vanilla extracts, food colourings, and baking aids. Queen Vanilla was named after and endorsed by Queen Victoria. Queen is the top-selling brand of fine foods in Australian supermarkets, and is Queensland's longest-selling food brand.
History
In 1897 Brisbane pharmacist Edward Taylor created a range of extracts, including vanilla. He and partner Mr. Colledge formed the Queen brand, and began to win awards for their flavourings.
By the 1920s, the Queen Vanilla range was sold in hand made glass bottles.
The company was purchased by the Himstedt family in 1978.
Queen's manufacturing facility was established in Alderley, Brisbane during the 1980s.
Between 2000-2010 the company established strong ties with vanilla farmers, and provided education, training and funding in vanilla producing countries, in particular Papua New Guinea. By 2014, Queen was also providing funding, equipment and education to Vanilla farmers in Vava'u, Tonga and Madagascar.
In 2015 Queen Fine Foods was acquired by German brand Dr. Oetker.
Fred Himstedt is the Managing Director, with his sons Fred, Sam, and Tom holding key positions.
Awards
Most Innovative Food Ingredient 2005
In 2017, Queen Fine Foods was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame.
References
External links
International Food & Drink Event
Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame - 2017 Inductee digital story - Queen
Food manufacturers of Australia | wiki |
A powder burn is a type of burn caused by exposure to the combustion gases which are expelled from the muzzle of a firearm as it is fired. Powder burns only occur when the individual is in close proximity to the discharging firearm, as the gases quickly dissipate. This can be an indicator on a corpse of whether the person was shot at point-blank range or not.
References
Burns
Gunpowder | wiki |
Faye Hudson can refer to:
Faye Hudson (Neighbours) (active 1991–1992), character of Australian soap opera Neighbours
Faye Blackstone (born Hudson, 1915–2011), American rodeo star | wiki |
The Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR () was a political act of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of constitutional reform in Russia. The Declaration was adopted by the First Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR on 12 June 1990. It proclaimed the sovereignty of the Russian SFSR and the intention to establish a democratic constitutional state within a liberalized Soviet Union. The declaration also states the following:
Priority of the constitution and laws of the Russian SFSR over the legislation of the Soviet Union (sovereignty).
Equal legal opportunities for all citizens, political parties, and public organizations (equality before the law).
The principle of separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers;
The need to significantly expand the rights of the autonomous republics, regions, districts, territories of Russia (federalism).
The declaration was signed by then Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR, Boris Yeltsin.
The day of the declaration, 12 June, has been celebrated as Russia Day, the national holiday in the Russian Federation, since 1992.
See also
Dissolution of the USSR
Constitution of Russia
Russian Constitution of 1978
Russian constitutional crisis of 1993
Notes
References
External links
Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (English) Seventeen Moments in Soviet History Archive, Michigan State University.
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Government of Russia
1990 in law
1990 in Russia
1990 in the Soviet Union
Law of Russia
1990 in international relations
1990 documents
1990 in Moscow
June 1990 events in Europe
June 1990 events in Russia | wiki |
The year 2010 is the second year in the history of BAMMA, a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United Kingdom. In 2010 BAMMA held 3 events beginning with, BAMMA 2: Roundhouses at the Roundhouse.
Title fights
Events list
BAMMA 2: Roundhouses at the Roundhouse
BAMMA 2: Roundhouses at the Roundhouse was an event held on February 13, 2010 at The Roundhouse in London, England, United Kingdom.
Results
BAMMA 3: Horwich vs. Watson
BAMMA 3: Horwich vs. Watson was an event held on May 15, 2010 at the LG Arena in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.
Results
BAMMA 4: Reid vs. Watson
BAMMA 4: Reid vs. Watson was an event held on September 25, 2010 at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.
Results
References
BAMMA events
2010 in mixed martial arts | wiki |
Phùng Trương Trân Đài (born August 26, 1992) is a model and beauty queen Vietnam. She is Miss International Queen Vietnam 2020 and she will represent Vietnam at Miss International Queen 2022 taking place in Thailand.
Career
2009–2014: Early career
Since 2009, Trân Đài has participated in fashion and magazine photoshoots with famous actors and models.
2015–2019: Living and working in the United States
In 2015, Trân Đài went to the US to live and study. She graduated from Asian-American International Beauty College with a degree in skin care. During this time, she also participated in fashion shows in Vietnam and events for the Vietnamese community.
2020–present: Career development, Miss International Queen Vietnam 2020
In 2020, Trân Đài returned to Vietnam from the US to participate in the Miss International Queen Vietnam 2020. This is also the first time Trân Đài revealed that she is transgender. She won the pageant and will represent Vietnam at Miss International Queen 2021.
References
Vietnamese beauty pageant winners
1992 births
Living people
Transgender women
Miss International Queen contestants | wiki |
Kizzy may refer to:
Kizzy (entertainer) (born Kizzy Yuanda Constance Getrouw), a Dutch actress, singer-songwriter and television host
Kizzy Crawford or "Kizzy", a Barbadian-Welsh singer
Kizzy Waller (later Kizzy Lea), a character in the TV miniseries Roots
Kizzy "Kiz" Shoemaker, a character from Afterworld (web series)
Kizzy, a character from Snobs (TV series)
Kizzy, a character from the play Turn Left at Gilgamesh
Kizzy (TV series), a 1976 BBC adaptation of Rumer Godden's novel The Diddakoi
Kizzy: Mum at 14, a BBC Three documentary about an underage mother, Kizzy Kay Neal | wiki |
Department of Administrative Services may refer to one of the following government agencies:
Australia
Department of Administrative Services (1975)
Department of Administrative Services (1975–1984)
Department of Local Government and Administrative Services (1984–1987)
Department of Administrative Services (1987–1993)
Department of the Arts and Administrative Services (1993–1994)
Department of Administrative Services (1994–1997)
United States
Connecticut Department of Administrative Services
New Hampshire Department of Administrative Services
New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services
Ohio Department of Administrative Services
Oregon Department of Administrative Services | wiki |
Malibu kan duiden op:
Malibu (Californië), een voorstad van Los Angeles
Malibu (drank), een zoete drank op rumbasis.
Malibu (Miley Cyrus), een single van Miley Cyrus.
Malibu (Patricia Paay) (1978), een single van Patricia Paay | wiki |
No More Tears är Ozzy Osbournes sjätte soloalbum. Albumet utgavs år 1991 på etiketten Epic Records och har sålts i drygt sex miljoner exemplar.
Låtlista
Medverkande
Ozzy Osbourne – sång
Bob Daisley – basgitarr
Zakk Wylde – gitarr
Randy Castillo – trummor
John Sinclair – keyboard, piano
Mike Inez – basgitarr
Källor
Noter
Webbkällor
Album av Ozzy Osbourne
Musikalbum 1991
Album utgivna på Epic Records
Engelskspråkiga musikalbum | wiki |
In organic synthesis, aminochlorination is a reaction that installs both a chlorine atom and an amino (or amido) group to give an 2-aminoalkyl chloride. The reaction typically is effected by combining alkene substrates with chloramines. An alternative implementation involves Pd(II)-induced nucleophilic attack of the amine on the alkene followed by oxidation by a cupric chloride.
References
Organic synthesis | wiki |
The Illegitimates is a six-issue, 2013 American espionage comic book miniseries created by actor/comedian Taran Killam, written by Killam and comic book writer/novelist Marc Andreyko, illustrated by Kevin Sharpe, and featuring a first issue cover by Jerry Ordway. It is published by IDW Publishing, and premiered on December 18, 2013. The book focuses on a team of illegitimate siblings who are charged with taking the place of their father, Jack Steele, a James Bond-like superspy, after his death.
Publication history
The Illegitimates was conceived by actor/comedian Taran Killam, who first became interested in comics through the 1991 book X-Men #1, which was illustrated by Jim Lee. Killam also is an avid fan of the James Bond franchise, naming On Her Majesty's Secret Service and the Nintendo 64 game Goldeneye as memorable aspects of his college experiences, and Sean Connery, Goldfinger and Skyfall as his favorite Bond actor, film and theme, respectively. Killam was inspired by the observation that the amount of unprotected sex that a superspy like James Bond would have would produce many children, which provides an unusual permutation to the mythology of the Bond Girl. In this way, Bond is more of a springboard to the book's premise rather than a recurring motif, and Killam stresses that the series core concept is entirely distinct from Bond.
Killam pitched his idea, which included the first story arc, to comic book writer and novelist Marc Andreyko sometime between 2007 and 2009. Although Killam could not afford to finance the book at the time, after he joined the cast of the comedy sketch show Saturday Night Live in 2010, he decided to use his resources to pursue publishing it. Killam does most of the writing, and Andreyko says that his job is to "smooth out the rough edges". Following a fortuitous encounter with DC Comics editor Mike Marts, Andreyko put Killam in touch with artist Kevin Sharpe, whom Killam hand-picked for the series. Andreyko then contacted IDW Publishing, and the creators pitched the book to IDW Editor-in-Chief Chris Ryall, who was highly impressed with the idea, after which a deal was struck between the creators and the publisher.
The series focuses on a team of five illegitimate children, ages 18 – 30, of an aging Bond-like superspy named Jack Steele, who fathered them with various femme fatales over the course of his career. Although these five half-siblings have grown up in different parts of the world and unaware of one another, they were anonymously monitored and nurtured by Steele's employer, the international spy organization Olympus, as part of a secret project called Project Sire, with the expectation that they would one day come together to take their father's place, and if necessary, help save the world. When Steele is killed during a mission in the first issue, Olympus summons them together during such a crisis. Killam and Andreyko are fans of heroic fiction stories, such as The Magnificent Seven, The Dirty Dozen and King Arthur, in which a group is assembled of individuals who are each introduced in a way that establishes their unique characteristics, and thus, the first issue introduces the cast in this manner. The focus of the series is on the group dynamics among the siblings, including their rivalries and "daddy issues", in a manner similar to the X-Men. Although there is some humor in the series, in particular in the beginning of the story, the creators stress that it is not a parody of the spy genre like Austin Powers. Rather, Andreyko compared the series' concept to the 1999 film Galaxy Quest, in that it begins with a light-hearted, comedic tone, but shifts into a serious, less ironic one. The series is six issue long, and the first issue was published December 18, 2013.
Killam first publicly mentioned the book in a podcast in early 2013. He subsequently promoted the series that July at the San Diego Comic Con, and with a panel discussion featuring him, Andreyko and Ryall at the October 2013 New York Comic Con. Exclusive preview copies of the book's first issue featuring a special wraparound cover by Bill Willingham were available after the panel. Killam also appeared at a book signing at Midtown Comics in Manhattan on December 16, 2013.
Though Killam has expressed enthusiasm at the idea of a feature film adaptation of the comic, he and Ryall have stressed the importance of The Illegitimates standing on its own merits as a fully realized comic book, explaining that comics fans are discerning enough to detect when a comic is merely a converted film pitch.
Plot
Jack Steele is a British superspy working for an organization called Olympus who works on a number of missions across the globe from 1962 to the present, during which he frequently engages in dalliances with a variety of women, a number of which result in children:
In Africa in 1978 Steele is rescued from certain death by an unnamed female spy on a motorcycle.
In Japan in 1982 Steele comes into conflict with a Yakuza assassin named Fumiko Kaze, and has a tumultuous affair with her.
At an underwater enemy base in the Pacific Ocean in 1985, Steele joins forces with CIA agent Betty Darlington on the Diamond Foot case and the two barely escape their opponents.
In the Colombian Amazon in 1991, Steele has an affair with Adalina Teresa Estrella Caliestas, the daughter of the President of Spain.
Soon after the events in Colombia, Steele has an affair with Lordsley, a temporary personal assistant filling in for Miss Heatherpence, the assistant who normally works for Steele's superior, on a day when Heatherpence is out sick.
Steele's final mission occurs in Kharkiv, Ukraine in the present, when he and his archenemy, Marcus Dannikor, engage in physical combat on top of a speeding train, and the aging Steele is brutally killed. Knowing that Dannikor is planning some grand scheme, Edwards, Steele's superior, activates Project Sire, a classified project which has kept track of, and when necessary, secretly intervened in the lives of, the various children that Steele fathered: Vin Darlington, Kiken Kaze, Saalinge M'Chumba, Leandros Antonio Caliestes and Charlie Lordsley. However, Dannikor learns of these children as well.
As Olympus summons Steele's five children, Dannikor tests a new weapon, which broadcasts a signal that allows him to take control of people and have them do his bidding, and leaving without any memory of their actions. During the test, 15 people in Bern, Switzerland are made to empty out their bank accounts, totaling 320 million euros, an act that Dannikor intends to perform on a global scale. When Edwards meets with the assembled children, he tells them they must begin training in order to replace their father. Incredulous at the idea, and displeased to learn that Olympus has secretly interfered in their lives, the three brothers, Vin Darlington, Kiken Kaze and Leandros Caliestes, leave. Saalinge M'Chumba, however, would prefer not to return to the Johannesburg prison from which Olympus freed her, and decides to stay, along with her half-sister Charlie Lordsley. Edwards tells the sisters that they must learn how Dannikor took control of his victims' minds by infiltrating an upcoming gala at his mansion. Upon returning home, the brothers learn that their mothers have been kidnapped by Dannikor, in order to lure them to him. They return to Olympus to accept Edwards' offer in order to free them.
Characters
Saalinge M'Chumba - Saalinge is from South Africa, and as the only one of the group with any actual espionage experience, she acts as the de facto leader of the group. Her mother was also a spy, and is the only mother of any of the siblings who is deceased. Killam characterizes her as a strong-willed "lone wolf" type who doesn't work well with others, and is in prison at the beginning of the story. Killam, who has a daughter with his wife, Cobie Smulders, comments, "Obviously, Bond has roots in misogyny. It's amazing what having a daughter will do to change your perception on just male and female roles. I think there's something very feminine about the character of Bond. He's very sensual in himself. So it only makes sense that of the five kids we meet, the alpha, the strongest, and in many ways the most macho is actually the female." Saalinge is the daughter of a woman that rescued Steele in Africa in 1978, and who has been dead for some time by the beginning of the series. Saalinge has been providing information to her ambassador uncle for years, though at the start of the story, she is held in the Johannesburg Women's Correctional Facility. She is described as "exceptionally beautiful, bit of a social nightmare. Doesn't play well with others."
Vin Darlington - A male Texan marksman depicted as macho, jingoistic and eager to see action. Although he has attempted to enlist in every possible branch of the U.S. armed forces, he was rejected, it is revealed, due to the intervention of Olympus, who wished to protect their asset. He is enthusiastic to learn about Olympus, and the truth about his father. His mother is Betty Darlington, who had an affair with Steele during the Diamond Foot case in the Pacific Ocean in 1985. She is now retired, and runs a wildlife preserve in West Texas.
Kiken Kaze - An alcoholic Japanese automobile enthusiast of whom it is said, "It if has an engine, he can make it go." He is the son of Yakuza assassin Fumiko Kaze, who had an affair with Steele in Japan in 1982, but Kiken has been estranged from her ever since the Yakuza exiled him and labeled him zetsuenjo (a term referring to someone who has betrayed the organization, is no longer entitled to membership and is being hunted).
Leandros Antonio Caliestes - He is the son of Adalina Teresa Estrella Caliestas, who is the daughter of former President of Spain Julio Armelindo Manuel Caliestas. He was conceived when Steele took advantage of Adaline in the Colombian Amazon in 1991. He is a mixed martial arts fighter with seven black belts and four brown belts with red stripes, and is also an underwear model. Despite being a "hulking beauty of a man", he is also an asthmatic "mama's boy", the "Cowardly Lion" of the group, and is utterly socially awkward around women.
Charlie Lordsley - The youngest of the five siblings, she is the technologically savvy "brains" of the team. She is an intern for Olympus who does data entry for Miss Heatherpence, the assistant to Steele's superior. Lordsley is the daughter of a woman who encountered Steele one day when she was filling in for Miss Heatherpence while the other woman was out due to illness. Heatherpence describes her as "sharp as a tack", with an "IQ off the charts".
Marcus Dannikor - The villain of the opening story arc. Dannikor is Steele's Blofeld-like archenemy. Described as "one of the most evil sons of bitches alive", Dannikor is CEO of Dannikor Concrete, which built the Berlin Wall and filled the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.
Killam stated should the series be renewed into an ongoing series after the initial six-issue miniseries, it may be revealed that there are other Steele children in existence, including some that could themselves be villains. He also suggested that Kazei's Yakuza mother could become an antagonist as well.
Critical reception
The series holds an average score of 6.4 out of 10 at the review aggregator website Comic Book Roundup.
Jeremy Konrad of Bleeding Cool gave a positive review to the first issue, praising its "crisp writing, quick pacing, and beautiful art", and likening the opening scenes to classic Bond films.
Marykate Jasper of Comic Book Resources gave the first issue two and a half out of five stars, opining it was not very well done. At issue for Jasper was the amount of space the book devoted to the vignettes that introduced each team member's mother, without developing any of them, Jack Steele, or the children, apart from broad stereotypes. Jasper felt more emphasis should have been given to the children rather than introducing the mothers, since the children will ostensibly be the stars of the series.
Vince Ostrowski of Multiversity Comics gave the issue a score of 6.7, calling it "a clever take on the James Bond archetype", with fewer laughs than expected, but which was bolstered by a better narrative structure than expected. Ostrowski stated that the issue felt like more of a non-issue, as very little story was presented, though he lauded the way Steele's death was handled. Ostrowski was also surprised at the lack of humor, but called it "a breezy, fun-enough ride for readers who are attentive enough to interpret the characters the right way." Ostrowski also thought Kevin Sharpe's art was uneven, but that it "hits a lot of the right notes at key points", and was aided by Peter Pantazis' colors.
Andy Hunsaker of CraveOnline gave the issue a score of 7.5, calling the concept "kind of funny", despite the straightforward take on the genre, and thought the quality of the dialogue was a drawback, though adequate. Hunsaker thought Sharpe's art was "a little stodgy", though very good where the rendering of faces was concerned. Overall Hunsaker thought the concept was a "cute" one that was handled decently, but was undecided as to whether it was viable enough to maintain the miniseries.
See also
Dynamo 5, a comic about the illegitimate children of a superhero.
References
External links
2013 comics debuts
2013 in comics
IDW Publishing titles
Action-adventure comics
Spy comics | wiki |
Samantha Waters may refer to:
Samantha "Sam" Waters, character in Profiler (TV series)
Samantha "Sam" Waters, character in The Pretender (TV series)
Samantha "Sam" Booke Waters, character in Brothers (1984 TV series)
See also
Sam Waters (disambiguation)
Samantha Walters (disambiguation) | wiki |
Circuit judge may refer to:
Circuit judge, a judge in a circuit court in various jurisdictions
Circuit judge (England and Wales)
Circuit judge, a judge who sits on any of the United States courts of appeals, known as circuit courts
List of current United States circuit judges
Circuit judge, a judge who sat on the now defunct United States circuit court
See also
Circuit justice, of the Supreme Court of the United States
Circuit riding | wiki |
Oxfordshire Rising may refer to:
Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire rising of 1549
Oxfordshire rising of 1596 | wiki |
True Temper may refer to:
True Temper, a lawn and garden tool manufacturer, now part of Ames True Temper
True Temper Sports, a golf equipment manufacturer headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee
True Temper Foursomes Tournament, a 1939 golf tournament sponsored by the company | wiki |
An automobile skid is an automobile handling condition where one or more tires are slipping relative to the road, and the overall handling of the vehicle has been affected.
Subtypes of skid include:
fishtailing, where the vehicle yaws back and forth across the direction of motion.
spin or spinout where a vehicle rotates in one direction during the skid.
understeer and oversteer where front or rear wheels lose traction during cornering, causing a vehicle to follow a larger or smaller turning radius.
burnout where a vehicle slips or spins its tires during acceleration.
skidding during braking (with or without directional or yaw changes).
Slip and skid
Tire slip, and related slip angle (angle of motion relative to tire), describe the performance of an individual tire. Important concepts about slip and skid include circle of forces or circle of traction, and cornering force. To a first approximation, the tire can withstand approximately the same absolute force relative to the road surface in any direction. Graphically represented, a circle (or ellipse) of force magnitude represents the maximum tire traction, and the force vector can be in any direction up to the limit of the circle without tire slip. A tire that can withstand 0.8 G of force in braking can also withstand 0.8 G of force in turning or in acceleration, or for example approximately 0.56 G of cornering and 0.56 G of braking simultaneously, summing to 0.8 G at a 45 degree angle. Once the force exceeds the limit circle, that tire starts to slip.
Skidding is the vehicle's response to one or more tires slipping. The vehicle dynamics during a skid will depend on whether some or all of the tires are skidding, and whether the car was rotating or turning when the skid began.
Road conditions
Road surface conditions such as moisture on the road, snow, ice (particularly black ice), debris or sand, oil or other fluids, can cause skidding at much lower force levels or velocities than under normal conditions. Moisture can cause aquaplaning, also known as hydroplaning, where water builds up in front of and under tires and causes loss of tire grip.
Types
Fishtailing
Fishtailing is a cyclical skid combining alternating oversteer (rear wheel skidding) with overcorrection, leading to oversteer/skidding in the opposite direction.
Spin out
Spin outs are where the vehicle starts to skid while rotating, or develops significant rotation while skidding, and rotates out of control.
Once the vehicle is rotating sufficiently rapidly, its angular momentum of rotation can overcome the stabilizing influence of the tires (either braking or skidding), and the rotation will continue even if the wheels are centered or past the point that the vehicle is controlled. This can be caused by some tires locking up in braking while others continue to rotate, or under acceleration where driven tires may lose traction (especially, if they lose traction unevenly), or in combining braking or acceleration with turning.
Understeer and oversteer
Burnout
A burnout is when a car intentionally locks the front wheels to hold the car in place while spinning the rear wheels. The dynamic friction of the spinning tire against the road causes significant amounts of the tire's rubber to be deposited onto the road surface, and increased temperature from friction usually creates dense white smoke. It is common in drag racing to heat tires to a more desirable temperature in order to increase traction. Burnouts are usually illegal on the street; drivers engaging in them may be considered a hoon.
Skidding during braking
This is the simplest type of skid, where directional changes are not relevant, and the vehicle merely locks up the tires moving forwards in a straight line. If all four tires start to skid approximately evenly, then a vehicle will not start rotating due to the skid, and can come to a stop with locked up tires at a somewhat longer distance than threshold braking might have achieved.
Avoiding and managing skid
Manual avoidance
Threshold braking and cadence braking are two manual techniques used to extract maximum deceleration from a vehicle. Threshold braking maintains a steady braking force with slight (10-20%) slip, around or just below the point of maximum tire grip force. Cadence braking accepts that holding the threshold braking limit is exceptionally hard, and relies on manual manipulation of braking force to rapidly go just above and below the skid point, essentially oscillating between unlocked rolling and locked skidding around the point at which threshold braking would be done. This technique is less effective than threshold braking but much easier to learn.
Lockup
For deceleration straight ahead, where turning or maneuvering are not required, one technique is to simply accept a skid and lock up the brakes. While ABS or ESC brake systems may perform better, and reduce risk of loss of control, many less skilled drivers will stop faster while locked up than any alternative they can realistically perform. This is not true if the vehicle has to be steered while stopping.
Automated systems
Electronic stability control or ESC systems, and the older anti-lock brake or ABS systems, perform an automated braking (and for ESC, steering) function using wheel-by-wheel rapid brake pumping, similar to a mixture of threshold and cadence braking on a tire by tire basis.
ABS senses wheel rotation compared to ground velocity, and if the wheel starts to lock up or slip will then rapidly moderate the brakes to let it begin to rotate again. This is done separately for all 4 wheels, and without regard for the rotation of the vehicle.
ESC does the same, but combines that with sensing the steering and yaw or rotation velocity of the vehicle (for example, rotating as it goes around a corner). ESC will go beyond simply avoiding lockup in each tire, to dynamically braking other tires to maintain the existing path of the vehicle.
See also
Braking distance
Directional stability
Road slipperiness
Vehicle handling
References
Driving | wiki |
R&F may refer to:
Ron and Fez, an American radio talk show hosted by Ron Bennington and Fez "Marie" Whatley
R&F Properties, a Chinese property developer
Guangzhou R&F F.C., a Chinese professional football club owned by R&F Properties
R&F F.C. (Hong Kong), a Hong Kong professional football club, satellite team of Guangzhou R&F F.C. | wiki |
Shakila (born 1962) is a Persian-American singer-songwriter.
Shakila may also refer to:
Shakila (actress) (1935–2017), Indian film actress
See also
Shakeela, Indian actress | wiki |
Gaiety or Gayety may refer to:
Gaiety (mood), the state of being happy
Gaiety Theatre (disambiguation)
USS Gayety (AM-239, former name of the ship BRP Magat Salamat (PS-20)
See also
Gaiety Girls | wiki |
Orion Ximenes Filho (born 1945) is a Brazilian actor and voice-over artist.
External links
Brazilian male actors
Living people
1945 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Brazilian voice actors | wiki |
ACY peut faire référence à :
.
Acy peut faire référence à :
Acy, une commune de l'Aisne en France. | wiki |
Reflexiveness is one of Charles Hockett's 16 Design features of language which states that in a language the speaker can use their language to talk about language. Speakers of a language are able to have knowledge about their language and be able to reflect upon it.
References
Linguistics | wiki |
Complete Feedback is one of Charles Hockett's 16 Design features of language which states that speakers are able to hear what they are saying. Through their auditory channels they are able to receive feedback on what they are vocalizing.
References
Language acquisition | wiki |
The supramammillary nucleus (SuM), or supramammillary area, is a thin layer of cells in the brain that lies above the mammillary bodies. It can be considered part of the hypothalamus and diencephalon. The nucleus can be divided into medial and lateral sections. The medial SuM, or SuMM, is made of smaller cells which release dopamine and give input to the lateral septal nucleus. The lateral SuM, or SuML, is made of larger cells that project to the hippocampus.
Functions
Although the exact function of the supramammillary nucleus is still not clear, it is known that the SuM plays a role in modulating theta frequencies. Because of its role in modulating hippocampal theta, it is implicated in spatial and emotional memory formation. The axons of SuM neurons make monosynaptic connections to granule cells and GABAergic interneurons in the dentate gyrus. The SuM projects it's afferent signals exclusively to the dentate gyrus and CA2 region of the hippocampus. These SuM neurons will co-release glutamate and GABA, but these inputs will not fully excite the granule cells. Although it will not cause an action potential alone, SuM neurons can have excitatory impact on granule cells with the help of perforant path inputs. The perforant pathway are fibers that connect the entorhinal cortex with the hippocampus. This pathway accounts for the major inputs to the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Ultimately, the SuM will modulate the granule cell outputs causing it to influence the dentate gyrus information processing.
References
Neurons | wiki |
Dysfunctional refers to abnormality in behaviour.
Dysfunctional may also refer to:
Dysfunctional family
Dysfunctional (Dokken album)
Dysfunctional (Bachelor Girl album)
Dysfunctional (Tech N9ne song)
See also
Functional (disambiguation)
Dysfunction (disambiguation) | wiki |
The thirteenth season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, began airing on Nickelodeon in the United States on October 22, 2020. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. This is the first season without Hillenburg's involvement, following his death on November 26, 2018, though he is still credited as an executive producer. Marc Ceccarelli, Vincent Waller, and Jennie Monica took over the executive producer roles after his death.
Production
On July 17, 2019, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a thirteenth season consisting of 13 episodes. The season began airing on October 22, 2020. On August 11, 2021, it was announced that Nickelodeon had ordered 13 additional episodes for the thirteenth season.
Episodes
The episodes are ordered below according to Nickelodeon's packaging order, and not their original production or broadcast order.
Specials
Notes
References
SpongeBob SquarePants seasons
2020 American television seasons
2021 American television seasons
2022 American television seasons
2023 American television seasons | wiki |
What follows is a list of all British National Quartet Champions since their first contest in 1974.
Winners and any quartets that score 76% or over are eligible to be invited to compete in the BHS International Quartet Contest.
Champions by year
See also
British Association of Barbershop Singers
References
British Association of Barbershop Singers
Barbershop music
BABS quartet champions | wiki |
An oath is a statement of fact, or a promise as a sign of truth.
Oath may also refer to:
Oath (horse) (foaled 1996), Thoroughbred race horse
"Oath" (song), Cher Lloyd and Becky G, 2012
Oath Inc., a renamed and divested subsidiary of Verizon
Oath, a deserted medieval village in the parish of Aller, Somerset, England
Oath: Chronicles of Empire and Exile, a board game published by Leder Games
an acronym from the phrase "open authentication" in Initiative for Open Authentication
Oath of office, an official promise by a person elected to public office to lawfully fulfil its duties
See also
The Oath (disambiguation)
Swear (disambiguation)
Minced oath, a euphemistic expression formed by misspelling, mispronouncing, or replacing a part of a profane, blasphemous, or taboo language
OAuth, an open standard for access delegation
Přísaha (Czech, 'Oath'), an extra-parliamentary political party in the Czech Republic | wiki |
Tunica vasculosa can refer to:
Tunica vasculosa lentis
Tunica vasculosa testis
Tunica vasculosa bulbi | wiki |
This is a list of tennis players who have represented the Hungary Davis Cup team in an official Davis Cup match. Hungary has taken part in the competition since 1924.
Players
See also
Lists of tennis players
List of Hungarians
References
Lists of Davis Cup tennis players
Tennis, Davis Cup
Davis Cup team | wiki |
The Elders, een raad van wereldleiders en andere prominente personen
Ouderlingen (Charmed), fictieve personages uit de televisieserie Charmed
Zie ook
Oudere | wiki |
Djed is a symbol in ancient Egyptian religion.
Djed may also refer to:
Djed of the Bosnian Church
"Djed", a song by the band Tortoise | wiki |
QG52A Disinfectants
Empty group
QG52B Teat canal devices
Empty group
QG52C Emollients
Empty group
QG52X Various products for teats and udder
Empty group
References
G52 | wiki |
Les ziti sont des pâtes alimentaires longues, cylindriques et creuses, typiques de la Campanie, en Italie.
Galerie
Annexes
Articles connexes
Liste de pâtes
Sauce génoise
Liens externes
.
Cuisine italienne
Pâte alimentaire | wiki |
The Government Gateway is an IT system that was developed to register for online services provided by the UK Government, such as obtaining a driving licence and HMRC self-assessment. This replaced the old system of paper submissions.
The system was set up by the Office of the e-Envoy and allows users to register as either an individual, an organisation or an agent.
It was launched on 25 January 2001, initially being used by services from HM Customs and Excise and for applications through the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food for common agricultural policy aid schemes, in addition to Inland Revenue end-of-year transactions.
Services on the Government Gateway were meant to be gradually moved to replacement systems, including GOV.UK Verify. The move was meant to be complete by March 2019.
Following reports of conflict between HMRC and the Government Digital Service (GDS), HMRC has been developing its own service that allows users to sign in using an existing Government Gateway user ID.
HMRC will begin migration from the Government Gateway to the One Login for Government, a new system being developed by GDS.
See also
Gov.uk
References
E-government in the United Kingdom | wiki |
Cocktail sauce, also known as seafood sauce, is one of several types of cold or room temperature sauces often served as part of a dish referred to as a seafood cocktail or as a condiment with other seafoods. The sauce, and the dish for which it is named, are often credited to British celebrity chef Fanny Cradock, but seafood cocktails predate her 1967 recipe by some years (for example, Constance Spry published a seafood cocktail using Dublin Bay Prawns in 1956).
Origin
Seafood cocktails originated in the 19th century in the United States, usually made with oyster or shrimp. Seafood with spiced, cold sauces were a well-established part of the 20th century culinary repertoire. While cocktail sauce is most associated with the prawn cocktail, it can be served with any shellfish.
Varieties
North America
In the United States and Canada it generally consists of, at a minimum, ketchup or chili sauce mixed with prepared horseradish. Lemon juice, Worcestershire sauce and Tabasco sauce are common additives, often all three.
Elsewhere
The common form of cocktail sauce in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, France, Belgium, Italy and The Netherlands, usually consists of mayonnaise mixed with a tomato sauce to the same pink colour as prawns, producing a result that could be compared to fry sauce. It is similar to Thousand Island dressing, but the more usual British name is Marie (or Mary) Rose Sauce. The origins of the name are unclear and it is variously credited to a 1980s dive team cook working at the site of the Tudor ship, the Mary Rose, and Fanny Cradock. However, the term first appeared in the 1920s as a term for a garnish of shrimp, and was in use for cocktail sauce by at least 1963. The name was linked to the colour and Escoffier uses it to describe a pink iced pudding. It was so ubiquitous in the 1960s and 1970s that it has since become something of a joke in Britain, along with its most commonly associated dish, the prawn cocktail.
In Belgium, a dash of whisky is often added to the sauce. It is popularly served with steamed shrimp and seafood on the half shell.
In Australia, it is often provided in fish and chip shops.
In oyster bars
In most American oyster bars, cocktail sauce is the standard accompaniment for raw oysters and patrons at an oyster bar expect to be able to mix their own. The standard ingredients (in roughly decreasing proportion) are ketchup, horseradish, hot sauce (e.g., Tabasco, Louisiana, or Crystal), Worcestershire sauce, and lemon juice. A soufflé cup is usually set in the middle of the platter of oysters along with a cocktail fork and a lemon slice. Often, the bottles of ketchup and other sauces are grouped together in stations every couple of feet along the counter, but in some oyster bars, patrons are served with their own ingredients.
See also
Court-bouillon
List of dips
List of sauces
Squid cocktail
References
External links
Basic recipe from cdkitchen.com
Recipe from southernfood.about.com
Recipe from recipezaar.com
Sauces | wiki |
Woods Bay – jednostka osadnicza w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Montana, w hrabstwie Lake.
CDP w stanie Montana | wiki |
Florida is one of several states where the courts are required to be involved in every step of the foreclosure process. By 2012, it took three years to complete the process. In nonjudicial states, it takes an average of 100 days. As a result of the United States housing bubble, there is a large backlog of housing that is in the foreclosure process but unavailable to the market. This overhang has had a detrimental effect on the housing market.
Chapter 197.4 (of Title XIV) of the Florida Statutes applies to tax lien sales which provide liquidity to counties in lieu of actual taxes (investors are allowed to bid on and purchase tax lien certificates, which upon payment of the tax are repaid with interest to the investor). Chapter 197.5 of that same Title applies to tax deed sales which provides the holder of a tax lien certificate with the opportunity to foreclose on a delinquent taxpayer after a specified period of time.
See also
Homestead exemption in Florida
References
Florida law | wiki |
Battletoads is a media franchise.
It may also refer to:
Battletoads (characters)
Battletoads (1991 video game)
Battletoads (2020 video game)
Battletoads (Game Boy video game)
Battletoads Arcade | wiki |
The Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision test is a color vision test often used to test for color blindness. The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system. There are several variations of the test, one featuring 100 color hues and one featuring 15 color hues. Originally taken in an analog environment with physical hue tiles, the test is now taken from computer consoles. An accurate quantification of color vision accuracy is particularly important to designers, photographers and colorists, who all rely on accurate color vision to produce quality content.
Vision tests
100 hue test
The most common form of the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test contains four distinct rows of similar color hues, each containing 25 distinct variations of each hue. Each color hue at the polar end of a row is fixed in position, to serve as an anchor. Each hue tile between the anchors can be adjusted as the observer sees fit. The final arrangement of the hue tiles represents the aptitude of the visual system in discerning differences in color hue. Failures within the observers visual system can be measured as a function of two factors contained within the test; either the amount of instances that a tile is misplaced, or the severity of a tile displacement (i.e., the distance between where a tile should have been placed and where it was actually placed.).
The tiles are arranged in four rows based on color hue. The rows cover orange/magenta hues, yellow/green hues, blue/purple and purple/magenta hues, in that order. The physical derivative of the test is given on a black background to isolate and accentuate color hues, which are round and roughly an inch in diameter. The digital derivative of the test is based on square hue images, which are also presented on a black background, but can vary in size based on monitor, resolution, zoom and a variety of other external settings and variables. The digital distribution of the 100 Hues test is far more popular given its easy access for little or no licensing fee, and an apparent level of accuracy for most audiences. Taking the physical hue test under experimentally sound conditions (see Testing Environment) is far more accurate but the high price of the physical test kit is often prohibitive
D15 test
The Farnsworth–Munsell D15 Color Vision Test is an older version of the test. It is composed of a single tray, holding 15 independent color hues. The D15 test is administered in the same way as the 100 Hues test; the same environmental factors are recommended for non-professional results and required to garner completely professional results. The key difference between the D15 and 100 Hues test is the intended pool of qualitative informative results. The 100 Hue test is administered in pursuit of measuring an individual’s overall color vision acuity, while the primary purpose of the D15 test is to identify color vision defects, most notably red-green and blue-yellow color sensing deficiencies. The D15 test is most notable to be relevant to forms of color blindness or individuals suffering with vision that incorporates protanomaly, deuteranomaly, protanopia and deuteranopia. For more information on color vision deficiencies or color blindness, see Color Blindness.
Environmental factors
The Munsell Vision Test is reliant on a wide assortment of environmental factors to generate accurate and consistent color vision results. Many of these factors are universal across both physical and digital releases of the test, although several are unique to either test in their own right. The CIE has determined some baseline values and experimental standards to be used in both editions of the test, others are fluid and merely require consistency from test to test.
Illuminants
Illuminants are unique location to location across the globe, however several types of illuminant have been standardized by the CIE. Illuminants types D65 and D50 are acceptable for use, however D50 illuminant is suggested for a calibrated and accurate color vision test result. Use of different illuminant can sway results in a significant manner due to the spectral power distribution of alternate sources and their incident effect on how displayed information is processed by the human visual system. Illuminants containing varying concentrations of differing wavelength intensity light skews the representation of color on the screen in a manner that would cause the eye to mismatch color patches. In combination with the spatial acuity function of the human visual system, illumination plays a significant role in the color accuracy of a display.
Screen calibration
Combined with ambient illumination of the scene, several other factors are also integral for testing environment standardization. Calculated screen gamma is a significant factor. As gamma changes for the display, the representation of color, contrast and saturation are affected proportional to the magnitude of the change of the gamma curve. CIE recommends a gamma value of 2.2 as it is the current display manufacturing standard. A proper, professional grade screen calibration is required in order for concretely accurate test information. Several companies manufacture portable display calibration tools. Tools such as these take into account the type of screen and the screen’s primary illumination source.
There is no standard monitor hardware specification for the digital release of the Munsell Vision Test. Correct and thorough monitor calibration takes into account human visual system metamerism, a phenomenon that combines several color science elements to generate visual matching colors regardless of differences in source illumination, although it is ultimately not universally effective.
Formal monitor tests
Informative subject testing done at the Rochester Institute of Technology’s Munsell Color Science Lab discovered consistent color perception difficulties when identical subjects performed the Munsell Vision Test on varying calibrated monitors in a test comparing color vision test results between Apple MacBook Pro laptop displays and a Samsung LCD Monitor. Results garnered from the experiment exemplified the differences that displays can exhibit in failure to accurately quantify color. Incident angle to the test monitor is a final strong source of experimental uncertainty, as very few monitors commercially available are capable of accurately representing hue, tone and saturation consistently at all viewing angles incident to the monitor.
Observer error
Several sources of error (and therefore, inherent accuracy shortcomings) are directly related to the observer. Although CIE demonstrates several sets of data regarding the optimal, standard observer, each individual observer differs slightly from the baseline. Factors like visual acuity, color blindness and visual system defects (cataracts, surgeries, LASIK, tinted optics, poor cone responsivity, etc.) are all directly tied to observer color perception accuracy. The accuracy of an observers test answers are represented in Test Results
Test results and interpretation
Noting the sources of error previously addressed that are introduced by environmental factors and observer uncertainties, several digital test sources offer software installations that analyze the information garnered from the test. Data generated from X-Rite’s online test offer several types of information, most notably the Total Estimation Score (TES), Color Vision Deficiency Type (CVDT) and Color Vision Deficiency Severity (CVDS). TES is an automated, generated value that calculates the number of tiles placed incorrectly and scales the value for uniform analysis. Average TES scores range from thirty to forty in series tests; while scores exceeding seventy can point to a marker for color blindness. Lower scores are intended to point to significantly increased color vision accuracy, as the TES score is directly correlated to the number of tiles incorrectly identified. Based on an axis interpretation of the information generated, a color vision deficiency type is also determined, based on a straight line plotted to intersect the center of the Munsell color sphere and the peak point of the highest color error spike. This axis is used to determine the color error tendencies the eye. From this information, if a value of seventy or higher is returned, a clinical form of color blindness can be estimated based upon the location of the CVDT axis. The magnitude of color error peaks is used to determine the magnitude of the observers Color Vision Deficiency Severity. Accuracy of the test is relative to the display and based upon its correct calibration.
Relevant markets
Several industrial and commercial markets have great need for characterized and accurate color vision as well as tests to quantify color vision accuracy. Among these are divisions like healthcare systems, design companies and photography and motion picture industries. In order to generate color accurate products, employee vision accuracy is crucial as well.
Design
In the design sphere, there are several common yet largely important uses for color accuracy that lean heavily on the designers ability to accurately sense color. Careers such as graphic design, photography, graphics and color development are common fields that rely heavily on employees with accurate color vision. Additionally, paint engineering also relies heavily on color science employees with a demonstrated acuity in color vision. Examples of relevant companies includes Pantone and Sherwin-Williams.
Healthcare
In the medical sphere, it is important to have products to measure patients color vision. While medically professional vision tests are available, a Munsell Vision Test is often an informal and relevant test to determine a potential need for more thorough vision testing at the hands of pro staff or optometry experts. As previously mentioned, the Munsell-Farnsworth D15 Color Vision Test is a capable and professional method to test an individual.
Motion picture
Motion picture professionals also desire color vision acuity information for integral parts of film post production like color timing and final color correction. Since these processes are highly subjective to individuals such as the director and the colorist, accurate color vision is vital to the final aesthetic appearance of the film. In addition to this, engineers involved in the production and chemistry of film and digital systems engineering are reliant on proper color vision to construct and engineer imaging systems that accurately sense and represent color in stored images and display.
See also
Gamma correction
International Commission on Illumination
Standard illuminant
Visual acuity
White point
References
Color vision
Diagnostic ophthalmology
Test items | wiki |
Marina Marik-Georgieva (; born August 17, 1969), is a Bulgarian former volleyball player.
She participated at the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany.
She used to play for Levski Siconco in her country.
References
External links
2004 Olympic Games - European Qualification - Women
Living people
Bulgarian women's volleyball players
1969 births
Liberos | wiki |
This page lists religious institutes of the Catholic Church that are now defunct. This refers to institutes that have merged, been suppressed, disbanded or died out.
Merged refers to institutes who have either formed a new institute with another group, or joined another institute altogether.
Suppressed refers to institutes who have been forcibly disbanded by an ecclesiastical or secular authority, usually for political or religious reasons.
Disbanded refers to institutes who have decided to break up by the institute's own choice or authority, usually due to lack of numbers or a drastic change in circumstances or resources.
Died out refers to institutes whose last living member has died.
The list given here includes not only examples of pontifical right institutes but also some that are only of diocesan right. It includes even some associations formed with a view to becoming religious institutes but were never canonically erected even on the diocesan level.
The list does not distinguish between institutes that historically would be classified either as "orders" or as "congregations."
List
References
Specific
Former Religious Orders, GCatholic.org
> | wiki |
A name is a word or term used for identification.
Name may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
"Name" (song), a song by Goo Goo Dolls from their album A Boy Named Goo
The Name (play), a 1995 play by the Norwegian writer Jon Fosse
"The Name", initial episode in the list of Dilbert animated series episodes
Computing
NAME (dispersion model), an atmospheric pollution dispersion model
.name, a generic top-level domain for use on the Internet
Name.com, a domain registrar
Identifier (computer science), an entity name in programming languages and information processing systems
Other uses
Name (sports) (also known as: the jersey name, shirt name, squad name, or uniform name), is the name worn on a player's uniform
"Name", a wealthy individual who pledges their wealth to underwrite losses at Lloyd's of London
"Ha Shem", aka The Name, a reference to the Hebrew Tetragrammaton YHWH
North American Midway Entertainment, or NAME, a fair midway service provider
Personal name, the full set of names given to an individual
See also
Named (disambiguation)
Names (disambiguation)
Naming (disambiguation) | wiki |
Pie and peas is a traditional meal in the north of England, consisting of an individual meat pie served with mushy peas and gravy.
History
The pies are normally bought rather than home-made. Pie and pea shops and stalls used to be a common feature on Northern streets and markets, but these days it is more usually sold in sandwich shops and "chippies". Some people prefer meat and potato or steak pies.
Pie and peas is a staple on the British football terraces and is popular amongst football fans.
See also
Pie floater
Steak pie
Pie and mash
References
British cuisine
Legume dishes | wiki |
Yellow sauce can refer to one of two condiments:
Yellow soybean paste - a fermented paste made from yellow soybeans, salt, and water used in Chinese cuisine.
Mustard (condiment) - a condiment made from the seeds of a mustard plant commonly added to sandwiches, hamburgers, corn dogs, and hot dogs. | wiki |
John Argyle (1911–1962) was a British screenwriter, producer and film director.
Selected filmography
Director
The Last Tide (1931)
Paradise Alley (1931)
The Final Reckoning (1932)
This Man Is Dangerous (1941)
Send for Paul Temple (1946)
The Hills of Donegal (1947)
Producer
Love's Old Sweet Song (1933)
Variety (1935)
Wanted by Scotland Yard (1937)
My Irish Molly (1938)
Tower of Terror (1941)
References
External links
1911 births
1962 deaths
British film directors
People from Tamworth, Staffordshire | wiki |
Klara Olazabal (born 28 August 1998) is a Spanish slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2013.
She won two silver medals in the C1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships, earning them in 2019 and 2021.
References
External links
Living people
Spanish female canoeists
1998 births
Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
21st-century Spanish women | wiki |
Counterparts (Rush) (1993), een muziekalbum van Rush
Counterparts (muziekgroep), een Amerikaanse a-capellagroep
Counterparts (Canadese band), een Canadese hardcore punkband
Counterparts (Braziliaanse band), een Braziliaanse heavymetalband | wiki |
EP Phone Home may refer to:
EP Phone Home (Ben Kweller EP), 2001
EP Phone Home (Home Grown EP), 1999 | wiki |
The 2005–06 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season comprises three different basins. Their respective seasons are:
2005-06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season west of 90°E,
2005-06 Australian region cyclone season between 90°E and 160°E, and
2005-06 South Pacific cyclone season east of 160°E. | wiki |
Italy hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, having won with "" by Måneskin. Italian broadcaster RAI announced that the winning performer(s) of the Sanremo Music Festival 2022, later turning out to be Mahmood and Blanco with "", would earn the right to represent the nation at the contest. As both the host country and a member of the "Big Five", Italy automatically qualified to the final.
Background
Prior to the 2022 contest, Italy has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest forty-six times since its first entry at the inaugural contest in 1956. Since then, Italy has won the contest on three occasions: in with the song "" performed by Gigliola Cinquetti, in with "" by Toto Cutugno, and in with "" by Måneskin. Italy has withdrawn from the Eurovision Song Contest a number of times, with their most recent absence spanning from 1998 until 2010. Italy made its return in , and their entry "Madness of Love", performed by Raphael Gualazzi, placed second—their highest result, to that point, since their victory in 1990. A number of top 10 placements followed in the next editions, culminating with their victory in 2021.
Between 2011 and 2013 and since 2015, the Sanremo Music Festival has regularly been used to select the Italian entrant to the contest, at first through an intermediate stage of internal selection among the contestants, and after 2014 (when a full internal selection took place), the winner of the festival has always earned the right of first refusal to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest.
Before Eurovision
Artist selection
Italian broadcaster RAI confirmed that the performer that would represent Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 would be selected from the competing artists at the Sanremo Music Festival 2022, the 72nd edition of the event. According to the rules of Sanremo 2022, the winner of the festival earns the right to represent Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest, but in case the artist is not available or refuses the offer, the organisers of the event reserve the right to choose another participant via their own criteria. The competition took place between 1 and 5 February 2022 with the winner being selected on the last day of the festival.
For the third year in a row, Amadeus served as the artistic director and presenter of Sanremo, and was joined on stage by Ornella Muti, Lorena Cesarini, Drusilla Foer, Maria Chiara Giannetta and Sabrina Ferilli, each on a different night. 25 artists, three of which directly qualifying from the newcomers' section (held on 15 December 2021), competed in the festival. This took place over the course of five consecutive nights, articulated as follows:
On each of the first two nights, half of the entrants performed their songs, and were judged by three separate panels from a jury of journalists.
On the third night, all of the songs were performed and voted through a 50/50 split system by means of televoting and a demoscopic jury. The results were combined with those of the previous nights.
On the fourth night, the contestants each performed a cover of a song, and were voted by the same system used on the first three nights.
On the last night, the 25 entries were once again performed, going through televoting alone, to be added up to the results obtained that far; ultimately, a final voting round (again a sum of televoting and the two juries) was held among the top 3, which determined the winner.
The first 22 competing artists were announced on 4 December 2021. Six former Eurovision Song Contest entrants were among the competing artists: Iva Zanicchi (), Gianni Morandi (), Massimo Ranieri ( and ), Emma (), Fabrizio Moro () and Mahmood (). On 15 December, the three artists qualifying from the section were announced, alongside the titles of all 25 competing songs. Entrant Achille Lauro would later be selected in the Sammarinese national final on 19 February 2022.
Final
The 25 Big Artists each performed their entry again for a final time on 5 February 2022. A combination of public televoting, press jury voting and demoscopic jury voting selected the top three to face a superfinal vote, then the winner of Sanremo 2022 was decided by a combination of public televoting (34%), demoscopic jury voting (33%) and press jury voting (33%). Mahmood and Blanco were declared the winners of the contest with the song "".
At Eurovision
The Eurovision Song Contest 2022 took place at the in Turin, Italy and consisted of two semi-finals on 10 and 12 May and the final on 14 May 2022. According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. As both the host country and a member of the "Big Five", Italy automatically qualified to compete in the final. In addition to its participation in the final, Italy was also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. This was decided via a draw held during the semi-final allocation draw on 25 January 2022, when it was announced that Italy would be voting in the first semi-final.
Italy performed in position 9, following the entry from and before the entry from . At the close of the voting, Italy finished in sixth place overall with 268 points.
Voting
Points awarded to Italy
Points awarded by Italy
Detailed voting results
The following members comprised the Italian jury:
Andrea Spinelli - Artist
Cinzia Poli - Radio host, designer
Filippo Solibello - Radio host
Monica Agostini - TV journalist
Paolo Di Gioia - Musician
References
2022
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022
Eurovision | wiki |
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