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George Dyson (born March 26, 1953) is an American non-fiction author and historian of technology whose publications broadly cover the evolution of technology in relation to the physical environment and the direction of society. He has written on a wide range of topics, including the history of computing, the developme...
Wikipedia/George_Dyson_(science_historian)
Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies is a 2014 book by the philosopher Nick Bostrom. It explores how superintelligence could be created and what its features and motivations might be. It argues that superintelligence, if created, would be difficult to control, and that it could take over the world in order to ...
Wikipedia/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies
An emergent algorithm is an algorithm that exhibits emergent behavior. In essence an emergent algorithm implements a set of simple building block behaviors that when combined exhibit more complex behaviors. One example of this is the implementation of fuzzy motion controllers used to adapt robot movement in response ...
Wikipedia/Emergent_algorithm
Talen Energy is an independent power producer and energy infrastructure company. Talen owns and operates approximately 10.7 gigawatts of power infrastructure in the United States, including 2.2 gigawatts of carbon-free nuclear power and a significant dispatchable natural gas fleet. == History == Talen Energy was fou...
Wikipedia/Talen_Energy
An influence diagram (ID) (also called a relevance diagram, decision diagram or a decision network) is a compact graphical and mathematical representation of a decision situation. It is a generalization of a Bayesian network, in which not only probabilistic inference problems but also decision making problems (followi...
Wikipedia/Decision_network
Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle (300s BC). Deduction is inference deri...
Wikipedia/Logical_inference
The McCarthy 91 function is a recursive function, defined by the computer scientist John McCarthy as a test case for formal verification within computer science. The McCarthy 91 function is defined as M ( n ) = { ...
Wikipedia/McCarthy_91_function
Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent should take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Reinforcement learning is one of the three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised le...
Wikipedia/Inverse_reinforcement_learning
In artificial intelligence, a behavior selection algorithm, or action selection algorithm, is an algorithm that selects appropriate behaviors or actions for one or more intelligent agents. In game artificial intelligence, it selects behaviors or actions for one or more non-player characters. Common behavior selection a...
Wikipedia/Behavior_selection_algorithm
In the field of artificial intelligence (AI) design, AI capability control proposals, also referred to as AI confinement, aim to increase our ability to monitor and control the behavior of AI systems, including proposed artificial general intelligences (AGIs), in order to reduce the danger they might pose if misaligned...
Wikipedia/AI_capability_control
KUKA is a German manufacturer of industrial robots and factory automation systems. In 2016, the company was acquired by the Chinese appliance manufacturer Midea Group. It has 25 subsidiaries in countries including the United States, the European Union, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwa...
Wikipedia/Intelligent_industrial_work_assistant
Remote control animals are animals that are controlled remotely by humans. Some applications require electrodes to be implanted in the animal's nervous system connected to a receiver which is usually carried on the animal's back. The animals are controlled by the use of radio signals. The electrodes do not move the an...
Wikipedia/Remote_control_animal
An end effector is the device at the end of a robotic arm, designed to interact with the environment. The exact nature of this device depends on the application of the robot. In the strict definition, which originates from serial robotic manipulators, the end effector means the last link (or end) of the robot. At this ...
Wikipedia/Industrial_robot_end_effector
An integrated library system (ILS), also known as a library management system (LMS), is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An ILS is usually made up of a relational database, software to interact with that database, an...
Wikipedia/Integrated_library_system
Mobile industrial robots are pieces of machinery that are able to be programmed to perform tasks in an industrial setting. Typically these have been used in stationary and workbench applications; however, mobile industrial robots introduce a new method for lean manufacturing. With advances in controls and robotics, cur...
Wikipedia/Mobile_industrial_robots
Operational design domain (ODD) is a term for a particular operating context for an automated system, often used in the field of autonomous vehicles. The context is defined by a set of conditions, including environmental, geographical, time of day, and other conditions. For vehicles, traffic and roadway characteristics...
Wikipedia/Operational_design_domain
A remote-control vehicle, is defined as any vehicle that is teleoperated by a means that does not restrict its motion with an origin external to the device. This is often a radio-control device, a cable between the controller and the vehicle, or an infrared controller. == Applications == === Scientific === Remote-c...
Wikipedia/Remote_control_vehicle
In the engineering field of robotics, an arm solution is a set of calculations that allow the real-time computation of the control commands needed to place the end of a robotic arm at a desired position and orientation in space. A typical industrial robot is built with fixed length segments that are connected either at...
Wikipedia/Arm_solution
A radio-controlled model (or RC model) is a model that is steerable with the use of radio control (RC). All types of model vehicles have had RC systems installed in them, including ground vehicles, boats, planes, helicopters and even submarines and scale railway locomotives. == History == World War II saw increased d...
Wikipedia/Radio-controlled_model
Evolution strategy (ES) from computer science is a subclass of evolutionary algorithms, which serves as an optimization technique. It uses the major genetic operators mutation, recombination and selection of parents. == History == The 'evolution strategy' optimization technique was created in the early 1960s and deve...
Wikipedia/Evolution_strategies
Strategy video game is a major video game genre that focuses on analyzing and strategizing over direct quick reaction in order to secure success. Although many types of video games can contain strategic elements, the strategy genre is most commonly defined by a primary focus on high-level strategy, logistics and resour...
Wikipedia/Strategy_video_game
A constructible strategy game (CSG) (also spelled constructable strategy game) is a tabletop strategy game employing pieces assembled from components. WizKids was the first to label a game as a CSG when they released their game Pirates of the Spanish Main in 2004. Internally, the term was coined by then-WizKids Communi...
Wikipedia/Constructible_strategy_game
Strategy video game is a major video game genre that focuses on analyzing and strategizing over direct quick reaction in order to secure success. Although many types of video games can contain strategic elements, the strategy genre is most commonly defined by a primary focus on high-level strategy, logistics and resour...
Wikipedia/Turn-based_strategy
Stratego ( strə-TEE-goh) is a strategy board game for two players on a board of 10×10 squares. Each player controls 40 pieces representing individual officer and soldier ranks in an army. The pieces have Napoleonic insignia. The objective of the game is to either find and capture the opponent's Flag or to capture all m...
Wikipedia/Stratego
An abstract strategy game is a type of strategy game that has minimal or no narrative theme, an outcome determined only by player choice (with minimal or no randomness), and in which each player has perfect information about the game. For example, Go is a pure abstract strategy game since it fulfills all three criteria...
Wikipedia/Abstract_strategy_game
Real-time strategy (RTS) is a subgenre of strategy video games that does not progress incrementally in turns, but allow all players to play simultaneously, in "real time." By contrast, in turn-based strategy (TBS) games, players take turns to play. The term "real-time strategy" was coined by Brett Sperry to market Dune...
Wikipedia/Real-time_strategy
In logic and computer science, the Davis–Putnam algorithm was developed by Martin Davis and Hilary Putnam for checking the validity of a first-order logic formula using a resolution-based decision procedure for propositional logic. Since the set of valid first-order formulas is recursively enumerable but not recursive,...
Wikipedia/Davis–Putnam_algorithm
Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a subfield of symbolic artificial intelligence which uses logic programming as a uniform representation for examples, background knowledge and hypotheses. The term "inductive" here refers to philosophical (i.e. suggesting a theory to explain observed facts) rather than mathematica...
Wikipedia/Inverse_resolution
In logic and computer science, the Davis–Putnam algorithm was developed by Martin Davis and Hilary Putnam for checking the validity of a first-order logic formula using a resolution-based decision procedure for propositional logic. Since the set of valid first-order formulas is recursively enumerable but not recursive,...
Wikipedia/Davis-Putnam_algorithm
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed lo...
Wikipedia/Directed_Acyclic_Graph
In mathematical logic, a formula of first-order logic is in Skolem normal form if it is in prenex normal form with only universal first-order quantifiers. Every first-order formula may be converted into Skolem normal form while not changing its satisfiability via a process called Skolemization (sometimes spelled Skole...
Wikipedia/Skolem_function
SLD resolution (Selective Linear Definite clause resolution) is the basic inference rule used in logic programming. It is a refinement of resolution, which is both sound and refutation complete for Horn clauses. == The SLD inference rule == Given a goal clause, represented as the negation of a problem to be solved: ...
Wikipedia/SLD_resolution
Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as grounded by the laws of nature and comprehensible by science, while a conventional fantasy...
Wikipedia/Science_Fantasy
Michael E. Lynch (born 17 October 1948), is an emeritus professor at the department of Science and Technology Studies at Cornell University. His works are particularly concerned with ethnomethodological approaches in science studies. Much of his research has addressed the role of visual representation in scientific pr...
Wikipedia/Michael_Lynch_(ethnomethodologist)
In logic and computer science, specifically automated reasoning, unification is an algorithmic process of solving equations between symbolic expressions, each of the form Left-hand side = Right-hand side. For example, using x,y,z as variables, and taking f to be an uninterpreted function, the singleton equation set { f...
Wikipedia/Robinson's_unification_algorithm
In mathematical logic, an uninterpreted function or function symbol is one that has no other property than its name and n-ary form. Function symbols are used, together with constants and variables, to form terms. The theory of uninterpreted functions is also sometimes called the free theory, because it is freely genera...
Wikipedia/Free_theory
Anti-unification is the process of constructing a generalization common to two given symbolic expressions. As in unification, several frameworks are distinguished depending on which expressions (also called terms) are allowed, and which expressions are considered equal. If variables representing functions are allowed i...
Wikipedia/Anti-unification_(computer_science)
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set. There are several variants and generalizations of the ...
Wikipedia/Lexicographically
Algebraic specification is a software engineering technique for formally specifying system behavior. It was a very active subject of computer science research around 1980. == Overview == Algebraic specification seeks to systematically develop more efficient programs by: formally defining types of data, and mathemati...
Wikipedia/Algebraic_specification
In mathematical logic, an uninterpreted function or function symbol is one that has no other property than its name and n-ary form. Function symbols are used, together with constants and variables, to form terms. The theory of uninterpreted functions is also sometimes called the free theory, because it is freely genera...
Wikipedia/Empty_theory
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set. There are several variants and generalizations of the ...
Wikipedia/Lexicographical_order
Dis-unification, in computer science and logic, is an algorithmic process of solving inequations between symbolic expressions. == Publications on dis-unification == Alain Colmerauer (1984). "Equations and Inequations on Finite and Infinite Trees". In ICOT (ed.). Proc. Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems. ...
Wikipedia/Dis-unification_(computer_science)
In mathematics, an equation is a mathematical formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign =. The word equation and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in French an équation is defined as containing one or more variables, wh...
Wikipedia/Equations
In mathematics, to solve an equation is to find its solutions, which are the values (numbers, functions, sets, etc.) that fulfill the condition stated by the equation, consisting generally of two expressions related by an equals sign. When seeking a solution, one or more variables are designated as unknowns. A solution...
Wikipedia/Solving_equations
Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is dementia that is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Together with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), it is one of the Lewy body dementias characterized by abnormal deposits of Lewy bodies in the brain. Parkinson's disease starts as a movement disorder, but progresses in most...
Wikipedia/Parkinson's_disease_dementia
An anti-α-synuclein drug, or an α-synuclein inhibitor, is a drug which blocks or inhibits α-synuclein. α-Synuclein is a protein which is thought to be involved in the development and progression of α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Anti-α-synuclei...
Wikipedia/Anti-alpha-synuclein_drugs
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), also called frontotemporal degeneration disease or frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, encompasses several types of dementia involving the progressive degeneration of the brain's frontal and temporal lobes. Men and women appear to be equally affected. FTD generally presents as a behav...
Wikipedia/Pick's_disease
Signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease are varied. Parkinson's disease affects movement, producing motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms, which include dysautonomia, cognitive and neurobehavioral problems, and sensory and sleep difficulties, are also common. When other diseases mimic Parkinson's disease, they are categ...
Wikipedia/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Parkinson's_disease
Conversion disorder (CD) was a formerly diagnosed psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal sensory experiences and movement problems during periods of high psychological stress. Individuals diagnosed with CD presented with highly distressing neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or convuls...
Wikipedia/Conversion_disorder
Parkin is a 465-amino acid residue E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein that in humans and mice is encoded by the PARK2 gene. Parkin plays a critical role in ubiquitination – the process whereby molecules are covalently labelled with ubiquitin (Ub) and directed towards degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes. Ubiquitination ...
Wikipedia/Parkin_(protein)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease that progresses over time and is marked by bradykinesia (Slowed movements), tremor(rhythmic shaking), and stiffness. As the condition worsens, some patients may also experience postural instability where one finds it difficult to balance and maintain u...
Wikipedia/Causes_of_Parkinson's_disease
In molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule or micromolecule is a low molecular weight (≤ 1000 daltons) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm. Many drugs are small molecules; the terms are equivalent in the literature. Larger structures such as nucleic aci...
Wikipedia/Small_molecules
An anti-α-synuclein drug, or an α-synuclein inhibitor, is a drug which blocks or inhibits α-synuclein. α-Synuclein is a protein which is thought to be involved in the development and progression of α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Anti-α-synuclei...
Wikipedia/Anti-α-synuclein_drug
Dopaminergic cell groups, DA cell groups, or dopaminergic nuclei are collections of neurons in the central nervous system that synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine. In the 1960s, dopaminergic neurons or dopamine neurons were first identified and named by Annica Dahlström and Kjell Fuxe, who used histochemical fluo...
Wikipedia/Dopaminergic_neuron
Impulse-control disorder (ICD) is a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity – failure to resist a temptation, an urge, or an impulse; or having the inability to not speak on a thought. The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (...
Wikipedia/Impulse_control_disorders
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affects 1% of people over 60 years of age. In the past three decades, the number of PD cases has doubled globally from 2.5 million in 1990 to 6.1 million in 2016. As of 2022, there are ~10 million PD cases globally. In...
Wikipedia/Parkinson's_disease_and_gut-brain_axis
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS consists of nerves and ganglia, which lie outside the brain and the spinal cord. The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to t...
Wikipedia/Peripheral_nervous_systems
Impulse-control disorder (ICD) is a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity – failure to resist a temptation, an urge, or an impulse; or having the inability to not speak on a thought. The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (...
Wikipedia/Impulse-control_disorder
Micrographia is an acquired disorder characterized by abnormally small, cramped handwriting. It is commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders of the basal ganglia, such as in Parkinson's disease, but it has also been ascribed to subcortical focal lesions. O'Sullivan and Schmitz describe it as an abnormally sm...
Wikipedia/Micrographia_(handwriting)
In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and beha...
Wikipedia/Executive_dysfunction
Ablative brain surgery (also known as brain lesioning) is the surgical ablation by various methods of brain tissue to treat neurological or psychological disorders. The word "Ablation" stems from the Latin word Ablatus meaning "carried away". In most cases, however, ablative brain surgery does not involve removing brai...
Wikipedia/Ablative_brain_surgery
The research in Parkinson's disease (also known as clinical trials, medical research, research studies, or clinical studies) refers to any study intended to help answer questions about etiology, diagnostic approaches or new treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) by studying their effects on human subjects. Clinical tr...
Wikipedia/Research_in_Parkinson's_disease
Exact Sciences Corp. is an American molecular diagnostics company based in Madison, Wisconsin specializing in the detection of early stage cancers. The company's initial focus was on the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer; in 2014 it launched Cologuard, the first stool DNA test for colorectal cancer. S...
Wikipedia/Exact_Sciences_(company)
In computer science and operations research, the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is an optimization algorithm based on the intelligent foraging behaviour of honey bee swarm, proposed by Derviş Karaboğa (Erciyes University) in 2005. == Algorithm == In the ABC model, the colony consists of three groups of bees: e...
Wikipedia/Artificial_bee_colony_algorithm
In computer science and operations research, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems that can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Artificial ants represent multi-agent methods inspired by the behavior of real ants. The pheromone-based comm...
Wikipedia/Ant_colony_optimization_algorithm
The energy industry refers to all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all ...
Wikipedia/Energy_company
Xcel Energy Inc. is a U.S. regulated electric utility and natural gas delivery company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, serving more than 3.7 million electric customers and 2.1 million natural gas customers across parts of eight states (Colorado, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas and New...
Wikipedia/Xcel_Energy
Gilead Sciences, Inc. () is an American biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Foster City, California, that focuses on researching and developing antiviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, and COVID-19, including ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and sofosbuvir. Gilead is a member ...
Wikipedia/Gilead_Sciences
A president is a leader of an organization, company, community, club, trade union, university or other group. The relationship between a president and a chief executive officer varies, depending on the structure of the specific organization. In a similar vein to a chief operating officer, the title of corporate preside...
Wikipedia/President_(corporate_title)
Diamondback Energy is an American company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration headquartered in Midland, Texas. As of December 31, 2020, the company had 1,788 million barrels of oil equivalent (1.094×1010 GJ) of estimated proved reserves, of which 52% was petroleum, 24% was natural gas, and 24% was natural gas liquids. T...
Wikipedia/Diamondback_Energy
MicroStrategy Incorporated, doing business as Strategy, is an American development company that provides business intelligence (BI), mobile software, and cloud-based services. Founded in 1989 by Michael J. Saylor, Sanju Bansal, and Thomas Spahr, the firm develops software to analyze internal and external data in order ...
Wikipedia/MicroStrategy
Palo Alto Networks, Inc. is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. The core product is a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves over 70,000 organizations...
Wikipedia/Palo_Alto_Networks
Aquion Energy was a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania–based company that manufactured sodium ion batteries (salt water batteries) and electricity storage systems. The company claimed to provide a low-cost way to store large amounts of energy (e.g. for an electricity grid) through thousands of battery cycles, and a non-toxic end...
Wikipedia/Aquion_Energy
EnergySolutions (stylized as EnergySolutions), headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, is one of the largest processors of low level waste (LLW) in America, making it also one of the world's largest nuclear waste processors. It was formed in 2007 when Envirocare acquired three other nuclear waste disposal companies: Sc...
Wikipedia/EnergySolutions
The exponential mechanism is a technique for designing differentially private algorithms. It was developed by Frank McSherry and Kunal Talwar in 2007. Their work was recognized as a co-winner of the 2009 PET Award for Outstanding Research in Privacy Enhancing Technologies. Most of the initial research in the field of d...
Wikipedia/Exponential_mechanism_(differential_privacy)
Local differential privacy (LDP) is a model of differential privacy with the added requirement that if an adversary has access to the personal responses of an individual in the database, that adversary will still be unable to learn much of the user's personal data. This is contrasted with global differential privacy, a...
Wikipedia/Local_differential_privacy
Differential privacy composition theorems are mathematical tools used in differential privacy to analyze and bound the accumulated privacy loss when multiple differentially private mechanisms are applied to the same dataset. They quantify how privacy guarantees degrade as more queries or analyses are performed, and are...
Wikipedia/Differential_privacy_composition_theorems
Differentially private analysis of graphs studies algorithms for computing accurate graph statistics while preserving differential privacy. Such algorithms are used for data represented in the form of a graph where nodes correspond to individuals and edges correspond to relationships between them. For examples, edges ...
Wikipedia/Differentially_private_analysis_of_graphs
Since the advent of differential privacy, a number of systems supporting differentially private data analyses have been implemented and deployed. This article tracks real-world deployments, production software packages, and research prototypes. == Real-world deployments == == Production software packages == These s...
Wikipedia/Implementations_of_differentially_private_analyses
IEEE Intelligent Systems is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the IEEE Computer Society and sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), British Computer Society (BCS), and European Association for Artificial Intelligence (EurAI). == History == The journal ...
Wikipedia/IEEE_Intelligent_Systems
The Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC) is a super-computing program run by the National Nuclear Security Administration, in order to simulate, test, and maintain the United States nuclear stockpile. The program was created in 1995 in order to support the Stockpile Stewardship Program (or SSP). The goal of ...
Wikipedia/Accelerated_Strategic_Computing_Initiative
Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Rather it addresses the "what" question (what are the characteristics of the population or situation being studied?). The characteristics ...
Wikipedia/Descriptive_science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and ...
Wikipedia/Applied_sciences
Feminist theory in composition studies examines how gender, language, and cultural studies affect the teaching and practice of writing. It challenges the traditional assumptions and methods of composition studies and proposes alternative approaches that are informed by feminist perspectives. Feminist theory in composit...
Wikipedia/Feminist_theory_in_composition_studies
Feminist film theory is a theoretical film criticism derived from feminist politics and feminist theory influenced by second-wave feminism and brought about around the 1970s in the United States. With the advancements in film throughout the years feminist film theory has developed and changed to analyse the current way...
Wikipedia/Feminist_film_theory
Feminist philosophy of science is a branch of feminist philosophy that seeks to understand how the acquirement of knowledge through scientific means has been influenced by notions of gender identity and gender roles in society. Feminist philosophers of science question how scientific research and scientific knowledge ...
Wikipedia/Feminist_philosophy_of_science
The Florida Public Archaeology Network, or FPAN, is a state supported organization of regional centers dedicated to public outreach and assisting Florida municipalities and the Florida Division of Historical Resources "to promote the stewardship and protection of Florida's archaeological resources." FPAN was establishe...
Wikipedia/Florida_Public_Archaeology_Network
A radio-controlled submarine is a scale model of a submarine that can be piloted by radio control. The most common form are those that are exploited by amateurs. These can be cheap toys or complex projects using Electronics. Oceanography and the military also operate Radio Control submarines, we then speak of a remotel...
Wikipedia/Radio-controlled_submarine
The case method is a teaching approach that uses decision-forcing cases to put students in the role of people who were faced with difficult decisions at some point in the past. It developed during the course of the twentieth-century from its origins in the casebook method of teaching law pioneered by Harvard legal scho...
Wikipedia/Case_method
Conversational Constraints Theory, developed in Min-Sun Kim, attempts to explain how and why certain conversational strategies differ across various cultures and the effects of these differences. It is embedded in the Social Science communication approach which is based upon how culture influences communication. Ther...
Wikipedia/Conversational_constraints_theory
An instructional theory is "a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop." It provides insights about what is likely to happen and why with respect to different kinds of teaching and learning activities while helping indicate approaches for their evaluation. Instructional design...
Wikipedia/Instructional_theory
Curriculum theory (CT) is an academic discipline devoted to examining and shaping educational curricula. There are many interpretations of CT, being as narrow as the dynamics of the learning process of one child in a classroom to the lifelong learning path an individual takes. CT can be approached from the educational,...
Wikipedia/Curriculum_theory
In logic, inference is the process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. In checking a logical inference for formal and material validity, the meaning of only its logical vocabulary and of both its logical and extra-logical vocabulary is considered, respectively. == Examples == Fo...
Wikipedia/Material_inference
Soft science fiction, or soft SF, is a category of science fiction with two different definitions, in contrast to hard science fiction. It explores the "soft" sciences (e.g. psychology, political science, sociology), as opposed to the "hard" sciences (e.g. physics, astronomy, biology). It can also refer to science fict...
Wikipedia/Soft_science_fiction
In sociology of science, the graphism thesis is a proposition of Bruno Latour that graphs are important in science. Research has shown that one can distinguish between hard science and soft science disciplines based on the level of graph use, so it can be argued that there is a correlation between scientificity and vis...
Wikipedia/Graphism_thesis
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena. In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop techno...
Wikipedia/Basic_Science
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fic...
Wikipedia/Hard_science_fiction
The Bellman–Ford algorithm is an algorithm that computes shortest paths from a single source vertex to all of the other vertices in a weighted digraph. It is slower than Dijkstra's algorithm for the same problem, but more versatile, as it is capable of handling graphs in which some of the edge weights are negative numb...
Wikipedia/Shortest_path_faster_algorithm
In computer science, lexicographic breadth-first search or Lex-BFS is a linear time algorithm for ordering the vertices of a graph. The algorithm is different from a breadth-first search, but it produces an ordering that is consistent with breadth-first search. The lexicographic breadth-first search algorithm is based ...
Wikipedia/Lexicographic_breadth-first_search
In graph theory, Yen's algorithm computes single-source K-shortest loopless paths for a graph with non-negative edge cost. The algorithm was published by Jin Y. Yen in 1971 and employs any shortest path algorithm to find the best path, then proceeds to find K − 1 deviations of the best path. == Algorithm == === T...
Wikipedia/Yen's_algorithm