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A number of tools exist to generate computer network diagrams. Broadly, there are four types of tools that help create network maps and diagrams:
Hybrid tools
Network Mapping tools
Network Monitoring tools
Drawing tools
Network mapping and drawing software support IT systems managers to understand the hardware and sof... | Wikipedia/Network_diagram_software |
In computer networking, a reliable protocol is a communication protocol that notifies the sender whether or not the delivery of data to intended recipients was successful. Reliability is a synonym for assurance, which is the term used by the ITU and ATM Forum, and leads to fault-tolerant messaging.
Reliable protocols... | Wikipedia/Reliability_(computer_networking) |
Comparison of user features of operating systems refers to a comparison of the general user features of major operating systems in a narrative format. It does not encompass a full exhaustive comparison or description of all technical details of all operating systems. It is a comparison of basic roles and the most promi... | Wikipedia/Comparison_of_user_features_of_operating_systems |
A transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow.
Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these ne... | Wikipedia/Transport_network |
Blockmodeling is a set or a coherent framework, that is used for analyzing social structure and also for setting procedure(s) for partitioning (clustering) social network's units (nodes, vertices, actors), based on specific patterns, which form a distinctive structure through interconnectivity. It is primarily used in ... | Wikipedia/Blockmodeling |
In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. Like the clustering coefficient, scale-free degree distribution, or community structure, reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks.
== Motivation ==
In real network proble... | Wikipedia/Reciprocity_(network_science) |
In graph theory, a component of an undirected graph is a connected subgraph that is not part of any larger connected subgraph. The components of any graph partition its vertices into disjoint sets, and are the induced subgraphs of those sets. A graph that is itself connected has exactly one component, consisting of the... | Wikipedia/Connected_component_(graph_theory) |
A hyperbolic geometric graph (HGG) or hyperbolic geometric network (HGN) is a special type of spatial network where (1) latent coordinates of nodes are sprinkled according to a probability density function into a
hyperbolic space of constant negative curvature and (2) an edge between two nodes is present if they are c... | Wikipedia/Hyperbolic_geometric_graph |
The stochastic block model is a generative model for random graphs. This model tends to produce graphs containing communities, subsets of nodes characterized by being connected with one another with particular edge densities. For example, edges may be more common within communities than between communities. Its mathema... | Wikipedia/Stochastic_block_model |
In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance. The consistency motive is the urge to maintain one's values and beliefs over time. Heider proposed that "sentiment" or li... | Wikipedia/Balance_theory |
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was established by the Advanced R... | Wikipedia/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_Network |
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a graph labeling is the assignment of labels, traditionally represented by integers, to edges and/or vertices of a graph.
Formally, given a graph G = (V, E), a vertex labeling is a function of V to a set of labels; a graph with such a function defined is called a vertex-l... | Wikipedia/Labeled_graph |
A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a single, aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments. This function is called network bridging. Bridging is distinct from routing. Routing allows multiple networks to communicate independently and yet remain separate, whereas ... | Wikipedia/Bridging_(networking) |
This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes or vertices connected in pairs by lines or edges.
== Symbols ==
Square brackets [ ]
G[S] is the induced subgraph of a graph G for vertex subset S.
Prime symbol '
The prime symbol is often used to modify notation for graph inva... | Wikipedia/Edge_(graph_theory) |
In networking, a node (Latin: nodus, ‘knot’) is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint within telecommunication networks.
A physical network node is an electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a communication channel. In... | Wikipedia/Node_(networking) |
Network mapping is the study of the physical connectivity of networks e.g. the Internet. Network mapping discovers the devices on the network and their connectivity. It is not to be confused with network discovery or network enumeration which discovers devices on the network and their characteristics such as operating ... | Wikipedia/Network_mapping |
A campus network, campus area network, corporate area network or CAN is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. The networking equipments (switches, routers) and transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc.) are almost enti... | Wikipedia/Campus_network |
A backbone or core network is a part of a computer network which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas. Normally... | Wikipedia/Backbone_network |
A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution paradigm in computer networks. In a star network, every host is connected to a central hub. In its simplest form, one central hub acts as a conduit to transmit messages. The star network is one of the most common computer network topologies.
== Network ... | Wikipedia/Star_network |
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the distance between two vertices in a graph is the number of edges in a shortest path (also called a graph geodesic) connecting them. This is also known as the geodesic distance or shortest-path distance. Notice that there may be more than one shortest path between two verti... | Wikipedia/Distance_(graph_theory) |
Network security is a umbrella term to describe security controls, policies, processes and practices adopted to prevent, detect and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a netw... | Wikipedia/Network_Security |
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.
A drawing of a graph or network... | Wikipedia/Network_diagram |
A biological network is a method of representing systems as complex sets of binary interactions or relations between various biological entities. In general, networks or graphs are used to capture relationships between entities or objects. A typical graphing representation consists of a set of nodes connected by edges.... | Wikipedia/Biological_network |
This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
== 1950s ==
1951
LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office' was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, ... | Wikipedia/Timeline_of_operating_systems |
The Watts–Strogatz model is a random graph generation model that produces graphs with small-world properties, including short average path lengths and high clustering. It was proposed by Duncan J. Watts and Steven Strogatz in their article published in 1998 in the Nature scientific journal. The model also became known ... | Wikipedia/Watts–Strogatz_model |
Modularity is a measure of the structure of networks or graphs which measures the strength of division of a network into modules (also called groups, clusters or communities). Networks with high modularity have dense connections between the nodes within modules but sparse connections between nodes in different modules.... | Wikipedia/Modularity_(networks) |
A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network. A host may work as a server offering information resources, services, and applications to users or other hosts on the network. Hosts are assigned at least one network address.
A computer participating in networks that use the Internet protoco... | Wikipedia/Host_(network) |
IEEE 802.20 or Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) was a specification by the standard association of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for mobile broadband networks. The main standard was published in 2008. MBWA is no longer being actively developed.
This wireless broadband technology is... | Wikipedia/Global_area_network |
Network, networking and networked may refer to:
== Science and technology ==
Network theory, the study of graphs as a representation of relations between discrete objects
Network science, an academic field that studies complex networks
=== Mathematics ===
Networks, a graph with attributes studied in network theory
... | Wikipedia/Network_(disambiguation) |
A body area network (BAN), also referred to as a wireless body area network (WBAN), a body sensor network (BSN) or a medical body area network (MBAN), is a wireless network of wearable computing devices. BAN devices may be embedded inside the body as implants or pills, may be surface-mounted on the body in a fixed posi... | Wikipedia/Body_area_network |
In operating systems, memory management is the function responsible for managing the computer's primary memory.: 105–208
The memory management function keeps track of the status of each memory location, either allocated or free. It determines how memory is allocated among competing processes, deciding which gets memo... | Wikipedia/Memory_management_(operating_systems) |
Internetworking is the practice of interconnecting multiple computer networks.: 169 Typically, this enables any pair of hosts in the connected networks to exchange messages irrespective of their hardware-level networking technology. The resulting system of interconnected networks is called an internetwork, or simply a... | Wikipedia/Internetwork |
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), also known as 2.75G and under various other names, is a 2G digital mobile phone technology for packet switched data transmission. It is a subset of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) on the GSM network and improves upon it offering speeds close to 3G technology, hence the ... | Wikipedia/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution |
A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, Ethernet switch, and, by the IEEE, MAC bridge) is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.
A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addre... | Wikipedia/Network_switch |
A spatial network (sometimes also geometric graph) is a graph in which the vertices or edges are spatial elements associated with geometric objects, i.e., the nodes are located in a space equipped with a certain metric. The simplest mathematical realization of spatial network is a lattice or a random geometric graph (s... | Wikipedia/Spatial_network |
Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). At low transmission rates, data can also be transferred via an el... | Wikipedia/Synchronous_optical_networking |
A network operating system (NOS) is a specialized operating system for a network device such as a router, switch or firewall.
Historically operating systems with networking capabilities were described as network operating systems, because they allowed personal computers (PCs) to participate in computer networks and sha... | Wikipedia/Network_operating_system |
These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone and tablet computer) operating systems. The article "Usage share of operating systems" provides a broader, an... | Wikipedia/Comparison_of_operating_systems |
In computer network research, network simulation is a technique whereby a software program replicates the behavior of a real network. This is achieved by calculating the interactions between the different network entities such as routers, switches, nodes, access points, links, etc. Most simulators use discrete event si... | Wikipedia/Network_simulation |
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UD... | Wikipedia/IP_network |
A tree topology, or star-bus topology, is a hybrid network topology in which star networks are interconnected via bus networks. Tree networks are hierarchical, and each node can have an arbitrary number of child nodes.
== Regular tree networks ==
A regular tree network's topology is characterized by two parameters: t... | Wikipedia/Tree_network |
A mesh network is a local area network topology in which the infrastructure nodes (i.e. bridges, switches, and other infrastructure devices) connect directly, dynamically and non-hierarchically to as many other nodes as possible and cooperate with one another to efficiently route data to and from clients.
This lack of... | Wikipedia/Mesh_network |
Maximum-entropy random graph models are random graph models used to study complex networks subject to the principle of maximum entropy under a set of structural constraints, which may be global, distributional, or local.
== Overview ==
Any random graph model (at a fixed set of parameter values) results in a probabili... | Wikipedia/Maximum-entropy_random_graph_model |
The NPL network, or NPL Data Communications Network, was a local area computer network operated by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London that pioneered the concept of packet switching.
Based on designs conceived by Donald Davies in 1965, development work began in 1966. Construction began in 1968 and elements... | Wikipedia/NPL_network |
An application service provider (ASP) is a business providing application software generally through the Web. ASPs that specialize in a particular application (such as a medical billing program) may be referred to as providing software as a service.
== The ASP model ==
The application software resides on the vendor's... | Wikipedia/Application_service_provider |
A network address is an identifier for a node or host on a telecommunications network. Network addresses are designed to be unique identifiers across the network, although some networks allow for local, private addresses, or locally administered addresses that may not be unique. Special network addresses are allocated ... | Wikipedia/Network_address |
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers.
The LAN contrasts the wid... | Wikipedia/Local_area_network |
A near-me area network is a logical grouping of communication devices that are in close physical proximity to each other, but not necessarily connected to the same communication network infrastructure. Thus, two smartphones connected via different mobile carriers may form a near-me area network.
Near-me area network ap... | Wikipedia/Near-me_area_network |
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination ne... | Wikipedia/Network_packet |
In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph (network) with non-trivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks such as lattices or random graphs but often occur in networks representing real systems. The study of complex networks is a young and active area of scientific res... | Wikipedia/Complex_network |
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic region of the size of a metropolitan area. The term MAN is applied to the interconnection of local area networks (LANs) in a city into a single larger network which may then also offer efficient conn... | Wikipedia/Metropolitan_area_network |
Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. A consequence of congestion is that an incremental increas... | Wikipedia/Congestion_control |
Hierarchical network models are iterative algorithms for creating networks which are able to reproduce the unique properties of the scale-free topology and the high clustering of the nodes at the same time. These characteristics are widely observed in nature, from biology to language to some social networks.
== Conce... | Wikipedia/Hierarchical_network_model |
Intergalactic Computer Network or Galactic Network (IGCN) was a computer networking concept similar to today's Internet.
J.C.R. Licklider, the first director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at The Pentagon's ARPA, used the term in the early 1960s to refer to a networking system he "imagined as an... | Wikipedia/Intergalactic_Computer_Network |
In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products. Network effects are typically positive feedback systems, resulting in users deri... | Wikipedia/Network_effect |
In graph theory, a random geometric graph (RGG) is the mathematically simplest spatial network, namely an undirected graph constructed by randomly placing N nodes in some metric space (according to a specified probability distribution) and connecting two nodes by a link if and only if their distance is in a given range... | Wikipedia/Random_geometric_graph |
The dependency network approach provides a system level analysis of the activity and topology of directed networks. The approach extracts causal topological relations between the network's nodes (when the network structure is analyzed), and provides an important step towards inference of causal activity relations betwe... | Wikipedia/Dependency_network |
In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data into short messages in fixed format, i.e. packets, that are transmitted over a digital network. Packets consist of a header and a payload. Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is ... | Wikipedia/Packet-switched_network |
In computer networking, network traffic control is the process of managing, controlling or reducing the network traffic, particularly Internet bandwidth, e.g. by the network scheduler. It is used by network administrators, to reduce congestion, latency and packet loss. This is part of bandwidth management. In order to... | Wikipedia/Network_traffic_control |
The study of interdependent networks is a subfield of network science dealing with phenomena caused by the interactions between complex networks. Though there may be a wide variety of interactions between networks, dependency focuses on the scenario in which the nodes in one network require support from nodes in anoth... | Wikipedia/Interdependent_networks |
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbusses and computer networks.
Network topo... | Wikipedia/Fully_connected_network |
A home network or home area network (HAN) is a type of computer network, specifically a type of local area network (LAN), that facilitates communication among devices within the close vicinity of a home. Devices capable of participating in this network, for example, smart devices such as network printers and handheld m... | Wikipedia/Home_area_network |
Scientific collaboration network is a social network where nodes are scientists and links are co-authorships as the latter is one of the most well documented forms of scientific collaboration. It is an undirected, scale-free network where the degree distribution follows a power law with an exponential cutoff – most aut... | Wikipedia/Scientific_collaboration_network |
Capacity management's goal is to ensure that information technology resources are sufficient to meet upcoming business requirements cost-effectively. One common interpretation of capacity management is described in the ITIL framework. ITIL version 3 views capacity management as comprising three sub-processes: business ... | Wikipedia/Network_performance_management |
In computer networking, a port is a communication endpoint. At the software level within an operating system, a port is a logical construct that identifies a specific process or a type of network service. A port is uniquely identified by a number, the port number, associated with the combination of a transport protocol... | Wikipedia/Port_(computer_networking) |
Network traffic or data traffic is the amount of data moving across a network at a given point of time. Network data in computer networks is mostly encapsulated in network packets, which provide the load in the network. Network traffic is the main component for network traffic measurement, network traffic control and s... | Wikipedia/Network_traffic |
In applied mathematics, the soft configuration model (SCM) is a random graph model subject to the principle of maximum entropy under constraints on the expectation of the degree sequence of sampled graphs. Whereas the configuration model (CM) uniformly samples random graphs of a specific degree sequence, the SCM only r... | Wikipedia/Soft_configuration_model |
Internetworking is the practice of interconnecting multiple computer networks.: 169 Typically, this enables any pair of hosts in the connected networks to exchange messages irrespective of their hardware-level networking technology. The resulting system of interconnected networks is called an internetwork, or simply a... | Wikipedia/Internetworking |
A campus network, campus area network, corporate area network or CAN is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. The networking equipments (switches, routers) and transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc.) are almost enti... | Wikipedia/Campus_area_network |
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. It was called the first mobile social network by many technology industry analysts. iDEN places more users in a given spectral s... | Wikipedia/Integrated_Digital_Enhanced_Network |
A nanonetwork or nanoscale network is a set of interconnected nanomachines (devices a few hundred nanometers or a few micrometers at most in size) which are able to perform only very simple tasks such as computing, data storing, sensing and actuation. Nanonetworks are expected to expand the capabilities of single nanom... | Wikipedia/Nanoscale_network |
A cellular network or mobile network is a telecommunications network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless and the network is distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver (such as a base station). These base stations provide the cell with the network covera... | Wikipedia/Cellular_network |
A nanonetwork or nanoscale network is a set of interconnected nanomachines (devices a few hundred nanometers or a few micrometers at most in size) which are able to perform only very simple tasks such as computing, data storing, sensing and actuation. Nanonetworks are expected to expand the capabilities of single nanom... | Wikipedia/Nanonetwork |
A storage area network (SAN) or storage network is a computer network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage. SANs are primarily used to access data storage devices, such as disk arrays and tape libraries from servers so that the devices appear to the operating system as direct-attached storage... | Wikipedia/Storage_area_network |
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. The protocol, part of the Internet protocol suite, was defined in 1982 by RFC 826, which is Internet Standard STD 37.
ARP ... | Wikipedia/Address_Resolution_Protocol |
An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application-layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a mobile network. It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support addre... | Wikipedia/Application-layer_gateway |
The Bianconi–Barabási model is a model in network science that explains the growth of complex evolving networks. This model can explain that nodes with different characteristics acquire links at different rates. It predicts that a node's growth depends on its fitness and can calculate the degree distribution. The Bianc... | Wikipedia/Bianconi–Barabási_model |
Mathematical models can project how infectious diseases progress to show the likely outcome of an epidemic (including in plants) and help inform public health and plant health interventions. Models use basic assumptions or collected statistics along with mathematics to find parameters for various infectious diseases an... | Wikipedia/Epidemic_model |
Virtual private network (VPN) is a network architecture for virtually extending a private network (i.e. any computer network which is not the public Internet) across one or multiple other networks which are either untrusted (as they are not controlled by the entity aiming to implement the VPN) or need to be isolated (t... | Wikipedia/Virtual_private_network |
Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another.: 5 It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may differ slightly, depending on the lo... | Wikipedia/Network_delay |
A public data network (PDN) is a network established and operated by a telecommunications administration, or a recognized private operating agency, for the specific purpose of providing data transmission services for the public.
The first public packet switching networks were RETD in Spain (1972), the experimental RCP ... | Wikipedia/Public_data_network |
Data rate and data transfer rate can refer to several related and overlapping concepts in communications networks:
== Achieved rate ==
Bit rate, the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time
Data signaling rate or gross bit rate, a bit rate that includes protocol overhead
Symbol rate or baud rate... | Wikipedia/Data_transfer_rate |
A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a single, aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments. This function is called network bridging. Bridging is distinct from routing. Routing allows multiple networks to communicate independently and yet remain separate, whereas ... | Wikipedia/Network_bridge |
A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunications. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure supporting time-division multiplexing.
A frame typically includes frame ... | Wikipedia/Frame_(networking) |
An overlay network is a logical computer network that is layered on top of a physical network. The concept of overlay networking is distinct from the traditional model of OSI layered networks, and almost always assumes that the underlay network is an IP network of some kind.
Some examples of overlay networking technol... | Wikipedia/Overlay_network |
Routing metrics are configuration values used by a router to make routing decisions. A metric is typically one of many fields in a routing table. Router metrics help the router choose the best route among multiple feasible routes to a destination. The route will go in the direction of the gateway with the lowest metric... | Wikipedia/Metrics_(networking) |
A telephone network is a telecommunications network that connects telephones, which allows telephone calls between two or more parties, as well as newer features such as fax and internet. The idea was revolutionized in the 1920s, as more and more people purchased telephones and used them to communicate news, ideas, and... | Wikipedia/Telephone_network |
In graph theory, a clique ( or ) is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. That is, a clique of a graph
G
{\displaystyle G}
is an induced subgraph of
G
{\displaystyl... | Wikipedia/Clique_(graph_theory) |
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Erdős–Rényi model refers to one of two closely related models for generating random graphs or the evolution of a random network. These models are named after Hungarian mathematicians Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi, who introduced one of the models in 1959. Edgar Gilbert intro... | Wikipedia/Erdős–Rényi_model |
An Internet area network (IAN) is a concept for a communications network that connects voice and data endpoints within a cloud environment over IP, replacing an existing local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN) or the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
== Overview ==
An IAN securely connects endpoints... | Wikipedia/Internet_area_network |
A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.
Rings can be unidirectional, with all traffic travelling either clo... | Wikipedia/Ring_network |
Optical networking is a means of communication that uses signals encoded in light to transmit information in various types of telecommunications networks. These include limited range local-area networks (LAN) or wide area networks (WANs), which cross metropolitan and regional areas as well as long-distance national, in... | Wikipedia/Optical_networking |
A network segment is a portion of a computer network. The nature and extent of a segment depends on the nature of the network and the device or devices used to interconnect end stations.
== Ethernet ==
According to the defining IEEE 802.3 standards for Ethernet, a network segment is an electrical connection between n... | Wikipedia/Network_segment |
Compartmental models are a mathematical framework used to simulate how populations move between different states or "compartments." While widely applied in various fields, they have become particularly fundamental to the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. In these models, the population is divided into comp... | Wikipedia/SIR_model |
In network science, the efficiency of a network is a measure of how efficiently it exchanges information and it is also called communication efficiency. The underlying idea (and main assumption) is that the more distant two nodes are in the network, the less efficient their communication will be. The concept of effici... | Wikipedia/Efficiency_(network_science) |
The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), also known as the "Digital Telephony Act," is a United States wiretapping law passed in 1994, during the presidency of Bill Clinton (Pub. L. No. 103-414, 108 Stat. 4279, codified at 47 USC 1001–1010).
CALEA's purpose is to enhance the ability of law enforce... | Wikipedia/Communications_Assistance_For_Law_Enforcement_Act |
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers.
== Functions ==
The network layer provides the means of transferring variable-length network packets from a source to a destination ... | Wikipedia/Network_layer |
Law enforcement is the activity of some members of the government or other social institutions who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by investigating, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society. The term encompasses police, courts and corrections. T... | Wikipedia/Law_enforcement |
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection."
In the OSI reference model, the components of a communication s... | Wikipedia/OSI_model |
Retransmission, essentially identical with automatic repeat request (ARQ), is the resending of packets which have been either damaged or lost. Retransmission is one of the basic mechanisms used by protocols operating over a packet switched computer network to provide reliable communication (such as that provided by a r... | Wikipedia/Retransmission_(data_networks) |
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