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Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy that began with efforts to treat personality disorders and interpersonal conflicts. Evidence suggests that DBT can be useful in treating mood disorders and suicidal ideation as well as for changing behavioral patterns such as self-harm and substance ...	Wikipedia/Dialectical_behavior_therapy
Multimodal therapy (MMT) is an approach to psychotherapy devised by psychologist Arnold Lazarus, who originated the term behavior therapy in psychotherapy. It is based on the idea that humans are biological beings that think, feel, act, sense, imagine, and interact—and that psychological treatment should address each o...	Wikipedia/Multimodal_therapy
Hypnotherapy, also known as hypnotic medicine, is the use of hypnosis in psychotherapy. Hypnotherapy is generally not considered to be based on scientific evidence, and is rarely recommended in clinical practice guidelines. However, several psychological reviews and meta-analyses suggest that hypnotherapy can be effect...	Wikipedia/Hypnotherapy
Common factors theory, a theory guiding some research in clinical psychology and counseling psychology, proposes that different approaches and evidence-based practices in psychotherapy and counseling share common factors that account for much of the effectiveness of a psychological treatment. This is in contrast to the...	Wikipedia/Common_factors_theory
The biomedical model of medicine care is the medical model used in most Western healthcare settings, and is built from the perception that a state of health is defined purely in the absence of illness.: 24, 26 The biomedical model contrasts with sociological theories of care.: 1 == History == Forms of the biomedic...	Wikipedia/Biomedical_model
Performance science is the multidisciplinary study of human performance. It draws together methodologies across numerous scientific disciplines, including those of biomechanics, economics, physiology, psychology, and sociology, to understand the fundamental skills, mechanisms, and outcomes of performance activities and...	Wikipedia/Performance_science
Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) is a psychotherapeutic approach based on clinical behavior analysis (CBA) that focuses on the therapeutic relationship as a means to maximize client change. Specifically, FAP suggests that in-session contingent responding to client target behaviors leads to significant therapeuti...	Wikipedia/Functional_analytic_psychotherapy
Narrative therapy (or narrative practice) is a form of psychotherapy that seeks to help patients identify their values and the skills associated with them. It provides the patient with knowledge of their ability to embody these values so they can effectively confront current and future problems. The therapist seeks to ...	Wikipedia/Narrative_therapy
The Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy (AAP) is a professional organization created to advance methods of psychotherapy among members of the medical profession and to familiarize members with progress in the field. Organized in 1939, Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy publishes the quarterly...	Wikipedia/Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Psychotherapy
Brief psychotherapy (also brief therapy, planned short-term therapy) is an umbrella term for a variety of approaches to short-term, solution-oriented psychotherapy. == Overview == Brief therapy differs from other schools of therapy in that it emphasizes (1) a focus on a specific problem and (2) direct intervention. ...	Wikipedia/Brief_psychotherapy
Homework in psychotherapy is sometimes assigned to patients as part of their treatment. In this context, homework assignments are introduced to practice skills taught in therapy, encourage patients to apply the skills they learned in therapy to real life situations, and to improve on specific problems encountered in tr...	Wikipedia/Homework_in_psychotherapy
The hedonic music consumption model was created by music researchers Kathleen Lacher and Richard Mizeski in 1994. Their goal was to use this model to examine the responses that listening to rock music creates, and to find if these responses influenced the listener's intention to later purchase the music. The article be...	Wikipedia/Hedonic_music_consumption_model
Occupational therapy (OT), also known as ergotherapy, is a healthcare profession. Ergotherapy is derived from the Greek ergon which is allied to work, to act and to be active. Occupational therapy is based on the assumption that engaging in meaningful activities, also referred to as occupations, is a basic human need a...	Wikipedia/Occupational_therapy
Aquatic therapy refers to treatments and exercises performed in water for relaxation, fitness, physical rehabilitation, and other therapeutic benefit. Typically a qualified aquatic therapist gives constant attendance to a person receiving treatment in a heated therapy pool. Aquatic therapy techniques include Ai Chi, Aq...	Wikipedia/Aquatic_therapy
The World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT) is an international, non-profit music therapy corporation, headquartered in North Carolina in the USA. It aims to promote global awareness of both the scientific and artistic nature of the profession and advocates for the recognition of music therapy as an evidence-based pro...	Wikipedia/World_Federation_of_Music_Therapy
The temporal dynamics of music and language describes how the brain coordinates its different regions to process musical and vocal sounds. Both music and language feature rhythmic and melodic structure. Both employ a finite set of basic elements (such as tones or words) that are combined in ordered ways to create compl...	Wikipedia/Temporal_dynamics_of_music_and_language
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT, typically pronounced as the word "act") is a form of psychotherapy, as well as a branch of clinical behavior analysis. It is an empirically-based psychological intervention that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies along with commitment and behavior-change strategies to inc...	Wikipedia/Acceptance_and_commitment_therapy
Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall s...	Wikipedia/Gestalt_therapy
Existential therapy is a form of psychotherapy based on the model of human nature and experience developed by the existential tradition of European philosophy. It focuses on the psychological experience revolving around universal human truths of existence such as death, freedom, isolation and the search for the meaning...	Wikipedia/Existential_therapy
Couples therapy (also known as couples' counseling, marriage counseling, or marriage therapy) is a form of psychotherapy that seeks to improve intimate relationships, resolve interpersonal conflicts and repair broken bonds of love. == History == Marriage counseling began in Germany in the 1920s as part of the eugenic...	Wikipedia/Couples_therapy
In behavioral psychology, stimulus control is a phenomenon in operant conditioning that occurs when an organism behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence. A stimulus that modifies behavior in this manner is either a discriminative stimulus or stimulus delta. For example, the ...	Wikipedia/Stimulus_control
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motiv...	Wikipedia/Alzheimer's_disease
Co-therapy is a kind of psychotherapy conducted with more than one therapist present. It is different from conjoint therapy, which is psychotherapy conducted with more than one person as the client. For example, family therapy and couples therapy are types of conjoint therapy. A therapy can be conjoint therapy and no...	Wikipedia/Co-therapy
Cognitive therapy (CT) is a psychotherapeutic approach developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck, which aims to change unhelpful or inaccurate thought patterns. CT is one therapeutic approach within the larger group of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) and was first expounded by Beck in the 1960s. Cognitive t...	Wikipedia/Cognitive_therapy
A residential treatment center (RTC), sometimes called a rehab, is a live-in health care facility providing therapy for substance use disorders, mental illness, or other behavioral problems. Residential treatment may be considered the "last-ditch" approach to treating abnormal psychology or psychopathology. A residenti...	Wikipedia/Residential_treatment_center
A Doctor of Physical Therapy or Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) degree is a qualifying degree in physical therapy. In the United States, it is considered a graduate-level first professional degree or doctorate degree for professional practice. In the United Kingdom, the training includes advanced professional training an...	Wikipedia/Doctor_of_Physical_Therapy
The Nordoff–Robbins approach to music therapy is a method developed to help children with psychological, physical, or developmental disabilities. It originated from the collaboration of Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins, which began in 1958, with early influences from Rudolph Steiner and anthroposophical philosophy and te...	Wikipedia/Nordoff-Robbins_music_therapy
In music, a method is a kind of textbook for a specified musical instrument or a selected problem of playing a certain instrument. A method usually contains fingering charts or tablatures, etc., scales and numerous different exercises, sometimes also simple etudes, in different keys, in ascending order as to difficulty...	Wikipedia/Method_(music)
Reality therapy (RT) is an approach to psychotherapy and counseling developed by William Glasser in the 1960s. It differs from conventional psychiatry, psychoanalysis and medical model schools of psychotherapy in that it focuses on what Glasser calls "psychiatry's three Rs" – realism, responsibility, and right-and-wron...	Wikipedia/Reality_therapy
Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group. The term can legitimately refer to any form of psychotherapy when delivered in a group format, including art therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therap...	Wikipedia/Group_psychotherapy
For patients with Alzheimer's disease, music therapy provides a beneficial interaction between a patient and an individualized musical regimen and has been shown to increase cognition and slow the deterioration of memory loss. Music therapy is a clinical and evidence-based intervention that involves music in some capac...	Wikipedia/Music_therapy_for_Alzheimer's_disease
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx. As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications. There are many different types of therapy. Not all therapies ar...	Wikipedia/Treatment_modality
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that aims to reduce symptoms of various mental health conditions, primarily depression, PTSD, and anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on challenging and changing cognitive distortions (thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes) and their associat...	Wikipedia/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy
The neuroscience of music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music. These behaviours include music listening, performing, composing, reading, writing, and ancillary activities. It also is increasingly concerned with the brain basis for musical aesthetics and...	Wikipedia/Neuroscience_of_music
Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. Electrotherapy is a part of neurotherapy aimed at changing the neuronal activ...	Wikipedia/Electrotherapy
Behaviour therapy or behavioural psychotherapy is a broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism and/or cognitive psychology. It looks at specific, learned behaviours and how the environment, or other people's mental states, influences those behaviours, and consists of t...	Wikipedia/Behavioral_psychotherapy
Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is a highly structured, twice-weekly modified psychodynamic treatment based on Otto F. Kernberg's object relations model of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It views the individual with borderline personality organization (BPO) as holding unreconciled and contradictory int...	Wikipedia/Transference_focused_psychotherapy
A clinical formulation, also known as case formulation and problem formulation, is a theoretically-based explanation or conceptualisation of the information obtained from a clinical assessment. It offers a hypothesis about the cause and nature of the presenting problems and is considered an adjunct or alternative appro...	Wikipedia/Clinical_formulation
Active vibration control is the active application of force in an equal and opposite fashion to the forces imposed by external vibration. With this application, a precision industrial process can be maintained on a platform essentially vibration-free. Many precision industrial processes cannot take place if the machin...	Wikipedia/Active_vibration_control
Active sound design is an acoustic technology concept used in automotive vehicles to alter or enhance the sound inside and outside of the vehicle. Active sound design (ASD) often uses active noise control and acoustic enhancement techniques to achieve a synthesized vehicle sound. The typical implementations of ASD var...	Wikipedia/Active_sound_design
In mathematical analysis, the Dirac delta function (or δ distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function on the real numbers, whose value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire real line is equal to one. Thus it can be represented heuristically as ...	Wikipedia/Delta_function
The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system.: 1–2 Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. It is named after Erwin Schrödinger, an Austrian physicist, who postulated the equation in 1...	Wikipedia/Schrodinger_equation
In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate loads are applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initia...	Wikipedia/Elastic_(solid_mechanics)
Bessel functions, named after Friedrich Bessel who was the first to systematically study them in 1824, are canonical solutions y(x) of Bessel's differential equation x 2 d ...	Wikipedia/Bessel_equation
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices. If T {\displaystyle T} is a linear transformation mapping R n {\displaystyle \mathbb...	Wikipedia/Eigenvalue_equation
Audio crossovers are a type of electronic filter circuitry that splits an audio signal into two or more frequency ranges, so that the signals can be sent to loudspeaker drivers that are designed to operate within different frequency ranges. The crossover filters can be either active or passive. They are often described...	Wikipedia/Crossover_network
Equalization, or simply EQ, in sound recording and reproduction is the process of adjusting the volume of different frequency bands within an audio signal. The circuit or equipment used to achieve this is called an equalizer. Most hi-fi equipment uses relatively simple filters to make bass and treble adjustments. Grap...	Wikipedia/Graphic_equalizer
In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids – liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of water and other liquids in motion...	Wikipedia/fluid_dynamics
The capstan equation or belt friction equation, also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein), relates the hold-force to the load-force if a flexible line is wound around a cylinder (a bollard, a winch or a capstan). It also applies for fractions of one turn as occur with rope...	Wikipedia/Capstan_equation
Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that touch each other at one or more points. A central distinction in contact mechanics is between stresses acting perpendicular to the contacting bodies' surfaces (known as normal stress) and frictional stresses acting tangentially between the surfaces (shear...	Wikipedia/Frictionless_contact_mechanics
ScienceDaily is an American website launched in 1995 that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!. == History == The site was founded by married couple Dan and Michele Hogan in 1995; Dan Hogan formerly work...	Wikipedia/Science_Daily
Modons or dipole eddy pairs, are eddies that can carry water over distances of more than 1000 km in the ocean, in different directions than usual sea currents like Rossby waves, and much faster than other eddies. == History == The name modon was coined by M. E. Stern as a pun on the joint USA-USSR oceanographic resea...	Wikipedia/Modon_(fluid_dynamics)
The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) is a laboratory in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR). The current director is Venkatachalam Ramaswamy. It is one of seven Research Laboratories within NOAA's OAR. GFDL is engaged in comprehensive l...	Wikipedia/Geophysical_Fluid_Dynamics_Laboratory
Schlieren photography is a process for photographing fluid flow. Invented by the German physicist August Toepler in 1864 to study supersonic motion, it is widely used in aeronautical engineering to photograph the flow of air around objects. The process works by imaging the deflections of light rays that are refracted b...	Wikipedia/Schlieren_photograph
Blade element theory (BET) is a mathematical process originally designed by William Froude (1878), David W. Taylor (1893) and Stefan Drzewiecki (1885) to determine the behavior of propellers. It involves breaking a blade down into several small parts then determining the forces on each of these small blade elements. Th...	Wikipedia/Blade_element_theory
In computational fluid dynamics, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is a family of free-surface modelling techniques, i.e. numerical techniques for tracking and locating the free surface (or fluid–fluid interface). They belong to the class of Eulerian methods which are characterized by a mesh that is either stationary or...	Wikipedia/Volume_of_fluid_method
A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f(x + b) − f(x + a). Finite differences (or the associated difference quotients) are often used as approximations of derivatives, such as in numerical differentiation. The difference operator, commonly denoted Δ {\displ...	Wikipedia/Finite_difference_equation
In mathematics, an expression or equation is in closed form if it is formed with constants, variables, and a set of functions considered as basic and connected by arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, /, and integer powers) and function composition. Commonly, the basic functions that are allowed in closed forms are nth root,...	Wikipedia/Closed-form_solution
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used to understand complex thermal flow regimes in power plants. The thermal power plant may be divided into different subsectors and the CFD analysis applied to critical equipment/components - mainly different types of heat exchangers - which are of crucial significance for effic...	Wikipedia/Application_of_CFD_in_thermal_power_plants
Multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC), also known as stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD), is a particle-based mesoscale simulation technique for complex fluids which fully incorporates thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamic interactions. Coupling of embedded particles to the coarse-grained solvent is achieved through m...	Wikipedia/Multi-particle_collision_dynamics
Cavitation modelling is a type of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) that represents the flow of fluid during cavitation. It covers a wide range of applications, such as pumps, water turbines, pump inducers, and fuel cavitation in orifices as commonly encountered in fuel injection systems. == Modelling categories == M...	Wikipedia/Cavitation_modelling
In fluid dynamics, potential flow or irrotational flow refers to a description of a fluid flow with no vorticity in it. Such a description typically arises in the limit of vanishing viscosity, i.e., for an inviscid fluid and with no vorticity present in the flow. Potential flow describes the velocity field as the gradi...	Wikipedia/Full_potential_equation
In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the SIMPLE algorithm is a widely used numerical procedure to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. SIMPLE is an acronym for Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations. The SIMPLE algorithm was developed by Prof. Brian Spalding and his student Suhas Patankar at Imperial Colleg...	Wikipedia/SIMPLE_algorithm
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics are the set of constraints to boundary value problems in computational fluid dynamics. These boundary conditions include inlet boundary conditions, outlet boundary conditions, wall boundary conditions, constant pressure boundary conditions, axisymmetric boundary conditions, symmetr...	Wikipedia/Boundary_conditions_in_fluid_dynamics
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation for phase change materials (PCMs) is a technique used to analyze the performance and behavior of PCMs. The CFD models have been successful in studying and analyzing the air quality, natural ventilation and stratified ventilation, air flow initiated by buoyancy ...	Wikipedia/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics_for_Phase_Change_Materials
Fluid motion is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, a set of coupled and nonlinear partial differential equations derived from the basic laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The unknowns are usually the flow velocity, the pressure and density and temperature. The analytical solution of this equation...	Wikipedia/Numerical_methods_in_fluid_mechanics
In computational fluid dynamics, shock-capturing methods are a class of techniques for computing inviscid flows with shock waves. The computation of flow containing shock waves is an extremely difficult task because such flows result in sharp, discontinuous changes in flow variables such as pressure, temperature, densi...	Wikipedia/Shock_capturing_methods
A computed tomography scan (CT scan), formerly called computed axial tomography scan (CAT scan), is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers or radiology technologists. CT scanners use a rotating X-ray tube and a row o...	Wikipedia/Computed_Tomography
The Teller–Ulam design is a technical concept behind modern thermonuclear weapons, also known as hydrogen bombs. The design – the details of which are military secrets and known to only a handful of major nations – is believed to be used in virtually all modern nuclear weapons that make up the arsenals of the major nu...	Wikipedia/Teller-Ulam_design
Fast neutron therapy utilizes high energy neutrons typically between 50 and 70 MeV to treat cancer. Most fast neutron therapy beams are produced by reactors, cyclotrons (d+Be) and linear accelerators. Neutron therapy is currently available in Germany, Russia, South Africa and the United States. In the United States, on...	Wikipedia/Fast_neutron_therapy
Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation, that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy), it is usually used to treat cancer. Radiosurgery was originally defined by the Swedish neu...	Wikipedia/Radiosurgery
The Energy Multiplier Module (EM² or EM squared) is a nuclear fission power reactor under development by General Atomics. It is a fast-neutron version of the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR) and is capable of converting spent nuclear fuel into electricity and industrial process heat. == Design specificatio...	Wikipedia/Energy_Multiplier_Module
"Graphite reactor" directs here. For the graphite reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, see X-10 Graphite Reactor. A graphite-moderated reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses carbon as a neutron moderator, which allows natural uranium to be used as nuclear fuel. The first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pil...	Wikipedia/Graphite-moderated_reactor
Tomotherapy is a type of radiation therapy treatment machine. In tomotherapy a thin radiation beam is modulated as it rotates around the patient, while they are moved through the bore of the machine. The name comes from the use of a strip-shaped beam, so that only one “slice” (Greek prefix “tomo-”) of the target is exp...	Wikipedia/Tomotherapy
Nuclear energy policy is a national and international policy concerning some or all aspects of nuclear energy and the nuclear fuel cycle, such as uranium mining, ore concentration, conversion, enrichment for nuclear fuel, generating electricity by nuclear power, storing and reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, and disposal...	Wikipedia/Nuclear_energy_policy
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a type of radiotherapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors such as primary brain tumors, recurrent cancers of the head and neck region, and cutaneous and extracutaneous melanomas. It is a two-step process: first, the patient is injected with a tumor-localizing drug containing...	Wikipedia/Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer
An autoradiograph is an image on an X-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available as a digital image (digital autoradiography), due to the recent developme...	Wikipedia/Autoradiograph
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. It is very similar to conventional nuclear medicine planar imaging using a gamma camera (that is, scintigraphy), but is able to provide true 3D information. This information i...	Wikipedia/Single-photon_emission_computed_tomography
The Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment (OMRE) was a 16 MWt experimental organic nuclear reactor that operated at the National Reactor Testing Station from 1957 to 1963 to explore the use of hydrocarbons as coolant, moderator, and reflector materials in power reactor conditions. Such organic fluids are non-corrosive, ...	Wikipedia/Organic_Moderated_Reactor_Experiment
Scintigraphy (from Latin scintilla, "spark"), also known as a gamma scan, is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by gamma cameras, which are external...	Wikipedia/Scintigraphy
Targeted alpha-particle therapy (or TAT) is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour c...	Wikipedia/Targeted_alpha-particle_therapy
In fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence. Turbulent flows are commonplace in most real-life scenarios. In spite of decades of research, there is no analytical theory to predict the evolution of these turbulent flows. The equations go...	Wikipedia/Turbulence_models
In fluid mechanics, an aerodynamic force is a force exerted on a body by the air (or other gas) in which the body is immersed, and is due to the relative motion between the body and the gas. == Force == There are two causes of aerodynamic force: : §4.10 : 29 the normal force due to the pressure on the surface of th...	Wikipedia/Aerodynamic_force
In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: F d = ...	Wikipedia/Drag_equation
In fluid dynamics the Morison equation is a semi-empirical equation for the inline force on a body in oscillatory flow. It is sometimes called the MOJS equation after all four authors—Morison, O'Brien, Johnson and Schaaf—of the 1950 paper in which the equation was introduced. The Morison equation is used to estimate th...	Wikipedia/Morison_equation
In fluid dynamics, a stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack exceeds its critical value. The critical angle of attack is typically about 15°, but it may vary significantly depending on the fluid, foil – including its shape, size, and finish – and Reynolds number. Stalls in fi...	Wikipedia/Stall_(fluid_mechanics)
In geophysical fluid dynamics, an approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space is called a beta plane approximation. On a rotating sphere such as the Earth, f varies with the sine of latitude; in the so-called f-plane approximation, this variation is ignored, and a value of f approp...	Wikipedia/Beta-plane_approximation
In physics and continuum mechanics, deformation is the change in the shape or size of an object. It has dimension of length with SI unit of metre (m). It is quantified as the residual displacement of particles in a non-rigid body, from an initial configuration to a final configuration, excluding the body's average tran...	Wikipedia/Elongation_(mechanics)
Viscoplasticity is a theory in continuum mechanics that describes the rate-dependent inelastic behavior of solids. Rate-dependence in this context means that the deformation of the material depends on the rate at which loads are applied. The inelastic behavior that is the subject of viscoplasticity is plastic deformati...	Wikipedia/Zerilli-Armstrong_plasticity_model
Viscoplasticity is a theory in continuum mechanics that describes the rate-dependent inelastic behavior of solids. Rate-dependence in this context means that the deformation of the material depends on the rate at which loads are applied. The inelastic behavior that is the subject of viscoplasticity is plastic deformati...	Wikipedia/Steinberg-Guinan_plasticity_model
Hankinson's equation (also called Hankinson's formula or Hankinson's criterion) is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in woo...	Wikipedia/Hankinson's_equation
Viscoplasticity is a theory in continuum mechanics that describes the rate-dependent inelastic behavior of solids. Rate-dependence in this context means that the deformation of the material depends on the rate at which loads are applied. The inelastic behavior that is the subject of viscoplasticity is plastic deformati...	Wikipedia/Johnson-Cook_plasticity_model
Viscoplasticity is a theory in continuum mechanics that describes the rate-dependent inelastic behavior of solids. Rate-dependence in this context means that the deformation of the material depends on the rate at which loads are applied. The inelastic behavior that is the subject of viscoplasticity is plastic deformati...	Wikipedia/Preston-Tonks-Wallace_plasticity_model
Viscoplasticity is a theory in continuum mechanics that describes the rate-dependent inelastic behavior of solids. Rate-dependence in this context means that the deformation of the material depends on the rate at which loads are applied. The inelastic behavior that is the subject of viscoplasticity is plastic deformati...	Wikipedia/Mechanical_threshold_stress_plasticity_model
Mohr–Coulomb theory is a mathematical model (see yield surface) describing the response of brittle materials such as concrete, or rubble piles, to shear stress as well as normal stress. Most of the classical engineering materials follow this rule in at least a portion of their shear failure envelope. Generally the theo...	Wikipedia/Mohr-Coulomb_theory
In fracture mechanics, the energy release rate, G {\displaystyle G} , is the rate at which energy is transformed as a material undergoes fracture. Mathematically, the energy release rate is expressed as the decrease in total potential energy per increase in fracture surface ar...	Wikipedia/Energy_release_rate
In the case of finite deformations, the Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors (named for Gabrio Piola and Gustav Kirchhoff) express the stress relative to the reference configuration. This is in contrast to the Cauchy stress tensor which expresses the stress relative to the present configuration. For infinitesimal deformation...	Wikipedia/Piola–Kirchhoff_stress_tensor
In mathematics, in the fields of multilinear algebra and representation theory, the principal invariants of the second rank tensor A {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} } are the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial p ...	Wikipedia/Invariants_of_tensors
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Riemann curvature tensor or Riemann–Christoffel tensor (after Bernhard Riemann and Elwin Bruno Christoffel) is the most common way used to express the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. It assigns a tensor to each point of a Riemannian manifold (i.e., it is a ten...	Wikipedia/Riemann–Christoffel_curvature_tensor
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Riemann curvature tensor or Riemann–Christoffel tensor (after Bernhard Riemann and Elwin Bruno Christoffel) is the most common way used to express the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. It assigns a tensor to each point of a Riemannian manifold (i.e., it is a ten...	Wikipedia/Riemann-Christoffel_curvature_tensor

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