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projected-23574418-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Drug Royalty Corporation Inc. | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | In 1994, CAT signed a royalty deal with Drug Royalty Corporation Inc. (DRC) such that DRC would receive future royalty revenue from CAT's products.
In January 2002, CAT made a share-based offer to buy DRC for £55 million so that it could buy out this royalty obligation. CAT valued DRC at C$3.00 a share, and this offer was initially recommended by the board of directors of DRC. On 8 March 2002 the investment company Inwest made a competing offer valuing DRC at C$3.05 per share. CAT's offer would see DRC shareholders receiving CAT shares whilst Inwest's offer would see the DRC shareholder receiving cash. DRC's board of directors changed their decision and recommended Inwest's offer. After a number of deadline extensions from CAT the offer from Inwest was accepted by the DRC shareholders. Inwest purchased DRC on 2 May 2002, and the company began operating as a private entity that continues operation today as DRI Capital.
As a result of this failure to purchase DRC, CAT's right to buy back royalty interest was triggered at a cost to CAT of C$14 million (£6.2 million) by way of 463,818 CAT shares. | [] | [
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projected-23574418-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Oxford Glycosciences | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | On 23 January 2003 CAT made a share-based offer for Oxford Glycosciences (OGS) and at an Extraordinary General Meeting shareholders voted to approve the merger. In March of this year CAT saw a decline in its share price. Discussions regarding the applicability of the royalty offset provisions for HUMIRA with Abbott Laboratories had started, and these had a negative impact on the CAT share price depressing the value of CAT's offer.
On 26 February 2003 the British-based biotechnology group Celltech subsequently made a hostile £101 million cash offer for OGS and began buying OGS shares. Some reported that this activity represented the UK biotechnology industry's first-ever bidding war. Despite this improved offer from Celltech, OGS continued to recommend the CAT offer.
Celltech continued to buy OGS shares and the OGS board pressed CAT to improve the terms of its offer as the Celltech shareholding reached 10.55%. OGS became alarmed that Celltech's share purchase would prompt CAT to walk away because, under takeover rules, it would not be able to forcibly purchase the 10.55 per cent stake Celltech owned. CAT failed to improve the terms of its bid forcing OGS to abandon the agreement.
Celltech continued buying shares and, as their stake reached 25%, so the board of OGS met to reluctantly recommend the Celltech offer. Celltech completed the purchase of OGS in April 2003. Some newspapers reported that the failure of the bid by CAT would means that CAT would have to cut some of its workforce. Celltech was itself purchased by the Belgian drugmaker UCB in mid-2004. | [] | [
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projected-23574418-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Genencor | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | On 1 November 2005 CAT announced it was acquiring two anti-CD22 immunotoxin products from Genencor, namely GCR-3888 and GCR-8015. Genencor is the biotechnology division of Danisco and the acquisition meant CAT would hire certain former Genencor key employees to be responsible for the development of the programmes.
GCR-3888 and GCR-8015 were discovered and initially developed by the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Genencor licensed the candidates for hematological malignancies and entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the NIH, which will now be continued by CAT. Under the original
licence agreement with the NIH, CAT gained the rights to a portfolio of intellectual property associated with the programs and would pay future royalties to the NIH.
CAT intended to file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for GCR-8015 in various CD22 positive B-cell malignancies, including Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, following a period of manufacturing development which is expected to be complete by the end of 2006 and to support the NCI's ongoing development of GCR-3888 in Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pALL).
CAT-8015 exhibited a greater affinity for CD22 than its predecessor, CAT-3888 and CAT's language such as "CAT will support the NCI's ongoing development of CAT-3888..." suggested at the time that their focus was on the second generation candidate.
On 16 May 2013, AstraZeneca announced that CAT-8015, now Moxetumumab, has started Phase III clinical trials. | [] | [
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projected-23574418-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Collaborations | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | CAT entered into many collaborations with technology and pharmaceutical companies, including:
Searle, 1999 – CAT signed, what was at the time, their biggest deal with Searle, the pharmaceutical arm of Monsanto. In 2000, Pharmacia & Upjohn merged with Monsanto and Searle to create Pharmacia Corporation. In 2003, Pfizer acquired Pharmacia. It is unsure as to whether the deal with Searle generated any clinical candidates.
Human Genome Sciences, 2000. GlaxoSmithKline purchased HGSI in 2012. The deal with Cambridge Antibody Technology generated, amongst others;
An anti-BLyS antibody – registered by HGSI as LymphoStat-B, also known as belimumab, and subsequently branded as Benlysta. On 16 November 2010 HGSI and GlaxoSmithKline announced the vote of the FDA advisory committee to recommend approval of belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus. On 9 March 2011 the FDA voted 11 to 2 in favour of approving Benlysta "to treat patients with active, autoantibody-positive lupus who are receiving standard therapy, including corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunosuppressives, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs".
An anthrax therapeutic antibody – registered by HGSI as ABthrax, also known as raxibacumab. At the 2 November 2012 meeting of the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) members "voted 16 to 1 in support of the clinical benefit of raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational anthrax, with one abstention. In addition, the committee voted 18 – 0 in favour of the risk-benefit profile of raxibacumab".
Two anti-TRAIL receptor antibodies – mapatumumab (HGS-ETR1) and lexatumumab (HGS-ETR2). Early work by CAT and HGS scientists showed that HGS-ETR1 induces cell death in certain tumour types. Following this data, HGS exercised an option to enter into an exclusive development partnership for the antibody.
Genzyme, 2000. CAT held significant strength in the area of TGF beta with two products already – lerdelimumab (CAT-152) and metelimumab (CAT-192). The deal with Genzyme was "a broad strategic alliance to develop and commercialise human monoclonal antibodies directed against TGF-beta." All clinical indications, with the exception of ophthalmic uses, were covered by the agreement.
The deal resulted in fresolimumab (GC1008), a pan-neutralizing IgG4 human antibody directed against all three isoforms of TGF beta, which had the "potential for treating a variety of diseases". In particular Genzyme are currently using fresolimumab in trials involving immunogenic tumours.
The takeover of CAT by AstraZeneca initiated a change of control clause in the 2008 agreement that gives Genzyme the right to buy out rights to a jointly developed experimental lung drug.
In February 2011, Sanofi-Aventis purchased Genzyme for approximately US$20bn.
Immunex Corp, 2000. CAT's proprietary antibody phage display library for the discovery, development and potential commercialisation of human monoclonal antibodies was licensed to Immunex, in return for a licence fee. This deal was expanded in May 2001 where CAT shared more of the risk of drug development – a so-called "profit-sharing" deal. In 2002 Immunex was acquired by Amgen and in December 2003 CAT entered into a new, restructured agreement with Amgen, reportedly focussing in skin disease. It was also reported that, under the terms of the agreement, Amgen had taken responsibility for the further development and marketing of the therapeutic antibody candidates isolated by CAT against two targets on which the parties agreed to collaborate and would bear all the associated costs. In return, CAT received from Amgen an initial fee and potential milestone payments and royalties on future sales. As of February 2004, one candidate had been delivered by CAT to Amgen. A second candidate was the subject of a continuing research program funded by Amgen and conducted by CAT and was to be delivered to Amgen in due course.
Amgen acquired the transgenic mouse company Abgenix meaning that they had access to two different methods of human monoclonal antibody production. As of July 2009, it is not known from which technology any of their monoclonal antibody products in clinical trials have been derived.
AMRAD, 2001. AMRAD subsequently changed its name to Zenyth Therapeutics and, in mid-2006, Zenyth was acquired by CSL Limited. CAT and AMRAD had gone 50:50 with the original deal over the development of an anti-GMCSF-R antibody, which became CAM-3001. After all this corporate manoeuvring, "CSL decided to license its 50% share in the project to MedImmune...MedImmune commenced Phase I clinical trials in December 2007". | [] | [
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projected-23574418-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Products and pipeline | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | CAT had a number of significant products in the pipeline. These included:
Adalimumab (D2E7) – a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). This drug went on to be developed and marketed by Abbott Laboratories as Humira®. The royalties payable on Adalimumab sales were subject to a dispute between the two companies. In 2013, Abbott split it business in half, whereby AbbVie became responsible for its research-based pharmaceutical business, and thus Humira. Humira went on to dominate the best-selling drugs lists. In 2016, the best selling drugs list researched by Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, published in March 2017, details that Humira occupied the number 1 position for 2015 ($14.012 billion of sales) and 2016 ($16.078 billion). Whilst for 2017, Abbvie reports that Humira achieved $18.427billion of sales in 2017
Briakinumab (ABT-874) – a human monoclonal antibody to IL-12 and IL-23. This went on to be developed by Abbott Laboratories for treatment of psoriasis and Crohn's disease. On 11 October 2010, Abbott presented positive Phase III data.
Metelimumab (CAT-192) and fresolimumab (GC1008) are human monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Initial trials targeted the skin condition scleroderma but, after some unsuccessful clinical trial results, the product was dropped in favour of fresolimumab, which was initially developed by Genzyme. In February 2011, Sanofi-Aventis purchased Genzyme for approximately US$20 billion and, as of March 2013, Sanofi continue to list fresolimumab in their research and development portfolio.
Lerdelimumab is a human monoclonal antibody to TGF beta 2, initially developed to combat fibrotic scarring that results from glaucoma drainage surgery. The drug was branded Trabio, and development was stopped in late 2005 after unsuccessful trial results.
Bertilimumab (CAT-213) is a human monoclonal antibody to eotaxin 1. In January 2007, CAT licensed the drug for treatment of allergy disorders to iCo Therapeutics Inc., who renamed it from CAT-213 to iCo-008.
Mavrilimumab (CAM-3001) – a human monoclonal igG4 antibody to the alpha chain of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF Receptor). In 2007, some elements of the local press suggested this product could be the next HUMIRA. CAM-3001 is currently being developed by MedImmune in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and mentioned in the rheumatology section of AstraZeneca's pipeline in their 2008 Annual Report. The first clinical trial was initiated by MedImmune in late 2007. In 2017, Kiniksa licensed Mavrilimumab from MedImmune and, in April 2021, Kiniksa outlined the next steps for development of Mavrilimumab – including in COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), giant cell arteritis (GCA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Tralokinumab (CAT-354, Adtralza®) – a human monoclonal antibody (IgG4) that potently and specifically neutralises interleukin 13, a T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the human asthmatic phenotype. CAT-354 was CAT's first antibody to be discovered using ribosome display, and was further developed by developed by MedImmune. Tralokinumab was licensed by AstraZeneca to LEO Pharma for skin diseases in July 2016. On 15 June 2017, Leo Pharma announced that they were starting phase 3 clinical trials with tralokinumab in atopic dermatitis. In April 2021, Leo Pharma announced that it had received positive Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) opinion of Adtralza® (tralokinumab) for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. On 22 June 2021, LEO Pharma announced that the European Commission had approved "Adtralza® (tralokinumab) as the first and only treatment specifically targeting IL-13 for adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis".
Moxetumomab pasudotox (CAT-3888) – CAT-3888 (formerly GCR-3888 and BL22) and CAT-8015 (formerly GCR-8015 and HA22) are both anti-CD22 immunotoxins comprising a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin and an anti-CD22 antibody fragment. CAT acquired these two oncology product candidates in November 2005 from Genencor, a subsidiary of Danisco. CAT-8015 is being developed by MedImmune. In Sept 2018 the US FDA approved it (as Lumoxiti) for some cases of relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL).
CAT-5001 (formerly SS1P) – a Pseudomonas exotoxin immunotoxin that targets mesothelin, which is a cell surface glycoprotein present on normal mesothelial cells that is over-expressed in numerous cancers including pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer. CAT-5001 was acquired from Enzon Pharmaceuticals in May 2006.
CAT developed their display technologies further into several patented antibody discovery/functional genomics tools which were named Proximol and ProAb. ProAb was announced in December 1997 and involved high throughput screening of antibody libraries against diseased and non-diseased tissue, whilst Proximol used a free radical enzymatic reaction to label molecules in proximity to a given protein.
In September 1999, it was announced that CAT's Library product and ProAb would each receive Millennium Products status. Of the 4,000 products submitted to the Design Council for these awards, 1,012 were chosen and, to attain Millennium Product status, products had to: open up new opportunities, challenge existing conventions, be environmentally responsible, demonstrate the application of new or existing technology, solve a key problem and show clear user benefits. | [] | [
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projected-23574418-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Patents | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | CAT pioneered the application of Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology for the design and development of human monoclonal antibody therapeutics and which was reflected in the breadth of the company's patent portfolio. The Cambridge patent portfolio includes about 40 families of patents, covering both technologies and products.
Three main families of major patents cover Cambridge antibody library and Phage Display technology:
'Winter II' and 'Winter/Huse/Lerner' patents cover Medimmune's processes for generating the collections of human antibody genes that comprise MedImmune Cambridge libraries. MedImmune has patents issued in Europe, South Korea, Japan, Australia and the US and a patent application is pending in Canada. These patents are co-owned by the MRC, The Scripps Research Institute and Stratagene and MedImmune currently has exclusive commercial exploitation rights, subject to certain rights held by the Medical Research Council (MRC), Scripps and Stratagene and their pre-existing licensees.
'McCafferty' covers the process by which human antibodies are displayed on phage (Phage Display) and methods of selecting antibodies to desired targets from libraries. MedImmune has patents issued in Europe, Australia, South Korea and Japan and a patent application is pending in Canada. These patents are co-owned by MedImmune and the MRC.
'Griffiths' covers the use of Phage Display technology to isolate human anti-self' antibodies that specifically bind to molecules found in the human body. CAT has patents issued in Australia, Europe and the US and patent applications are pending in Canada and Japan. This patent is co-owned by MedImmune Cambridge and the MRC.
In 2011 "The High Court of England and Wales has ruled that two patents (EP 0774511 and EP 2055777) owned by MedImmune that describe methods of phage display are invalid because of obviousness." | [] | [
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projected-23574418-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Patent Dispute with MorphoSys | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | The German biotechnology company MorphoSys generates human antibodies using its phage display-based 'HuCal' (Human Combinatorial Antibody Library) technology. In the late 1990s both companies found themselves jockeying for strong IP position in the area of therapeutic human antibody generation by way of a specific dispute (details on MorphoSys page).
The long, and protracted, dispute resulted which was eventually settled in late 2002 when some argued the settlement was enforced by an industry cash crunch. The 'delighted' CEO at the time, Peter Chambré, reflected that the deal put an end to the distraction to both parties caused by the litigation. | [] | [
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projected-23574418-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Publications | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | Scientists at CAT pioneered the use of phage display such that variable antibody domains could be expressed on filamentous phage antibodies, as reported in a key Nature publication, "Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains".
Other key CAT publications included: | [] | [
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projected-23574418-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Management and notable people | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | CAT was founded by David Chiswell MBE and Sir Greg Winter, with major scientific contributions from John McCafferty.
Sir Greg Winter FRS is credited with invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses. Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them. For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.
Dave Chiswell OBE was responsible for operational management of CAT from 1990 to 2002, including time as chief executive officer from 1996 to 2002. Chiswell announced he was standing down from CAT on 26 November 2001. During his time at CAT, Chiswell had established himself as a significant character in the biotechnology business. In 2003, Chiswell became chairman of the BioIndustry Association, and in June 2006 was awarded an OBE for services to the UK Bioscience Industry in the UK and Overseas.
CAT was governed by a board and, latterly, a Scientific Advisory Board. Members included:
César Milstein CH FRS, a Nobel prize-winning biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1984 with Niels Jerne and Georges Köhler.
Sir Aaron Klug OM FRS FMedSci HonFRMS, a Nobel prize-winning laureate, was a British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy. He sat on both the board and the scientific advisory board.
Professor Peter Garland – appointed as a non-executive director in 1990, then became non-executive chairman of the board in 1995. Garland has been the Chief Executive of Institute of Cancer Research, 1989–99 and was a fellow of University College London.
Dr Paul Nicholson – replaced Peter Garland as chairman in 2003. Nicholson was chairman when AstraZeneca bought CAT.
Peter Chambré replaced Dave Chiswell as CEO in early 2002. Chambré had been the CEO of Bespak PLC since May 1994 and, in July 2000, became the chief operating officer of the genomics company Celera. After CAT, Chambré went on to hold a number of positions including Chairman of ApaTech Ltd., and, in September 2006, was appointed non-executive director of BTG plc and Spectrics pls and also advisor to 3i Group plc. As of July 2019, Chambré holds seven board and advisor roles including Chairman of the Board of Directors at immatics biotechnologies, Chairman of the Board of Directors at Cancer Research Technology, and Member of the Board of Directors at Spectris plc.
John McCafferty developed much of the phage display technology used by CAT. McCafferty left CAT to start a group at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute where, as part of the ATLAS project, his group demonstrated the potential for large-scale high-throughput generation and validation of monoclonal antibodies. This work built on CAT's ProAb technology. McCafferty founded a new therapeutic antibody discovery biotechnology company, IONTAS Ltd. In 2018, McCafferty's 1990 phage research paper was cited by the Nobel committee when awarding the chemistry prize to Sir Gregory Winter, George Smith and Frances Arnold.
Kevin Johnson joined CAT in 1990, contributed to the discovery of D2E7, played a key role in CAT's initial public offering (IPO) and, by July 1997, was appointed to the Board as Research Director. In 2000, Johnson became Chief Technology Officer responsible for exploitation and development of CAT's technology platforms. In November 2002, CAT announced its intention to seek independent financing for its development of the application of antibodies on microarrays for personalised medicine, as this fell outside CAT's focus on therapeutic antibodies and Johnson positively spearheaded this push. In the event it was not possible to procure finance for this activity and, as a result, microarray activity at CAT was terminated. Johnson is currently a partner at medicxi, a venture capital firm focused on life sciences investments based on the asset-centric approach to investing. He was formerly with Index Ventures, having joined the venture capital firm in 2010.
Jane Osbourn OBE joined CAT as a senior scientist in 1993. Osbourn was a co-author of several, high-impact publications to come out of CAT. When merged with MedImmune, after the acquisition by AstraZeneca, Osbourn became the site leader of MedImmune Cambridge. Osbourn went on to chair the UK's BioIndustry Association in 2015 and, in 2019, was awarded the Order of the British Empire medal for services to "Human Monoclonal Antibody Drug Research and Development and Biotechnology". | [] | [
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projected-23574418-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Awards | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | CAT's most significant award was the Prix Galien, awarded for outstanding achievement in product and technology development, in recognition of its creativity in the development of novel human monoclonal antibody therapeutics especially in relation to its product CAT-152, which was used to treat fibrotic scarring in certain ophthalmology conditions. | [] | [
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"Monoclonal antibodies",
"AstraZeneca",
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] |
projected-23574418-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | See also | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom | [] | [
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"British companies established in 1989",
"Companies based in Cambridge",
"Pharmaceutical companies of England",
"Monoclonal antibodies",
"AstraZeneca",
"Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq",
"1989 establishments in England"
] |
projected-23574418-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | References | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation. | Category:Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2007
Category:British companies established in 1989
Category:Companies based in Cambridge
Category:Pharmaceutical companies of England
$
Category:AstraZeneca
Category:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Category:1989 establishments in England | [] | [
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"Pharmaceutical companies of England",
"Monoclonal antibodies",
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"Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq",
"1989 establishments in England"
] |
projected-23574423-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | Introduction | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"21st-century American economists",
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projected-23574423-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | Career | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries. | Boyer received a B.A. in economics and history from the College of William and Mary in 1976 and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin in 1982.
Boyer has been a faculty member in Cornell University's School of Industrial and Labor Relations since 1982. He has also been a visiting professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Essex.
Boyer is associate editor of the Industrial and Labor Relations Review and has been a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Economic History and of Social Science History. | [] | [
"Career"
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"Cornell University faculty",
"21st-century American economists",
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"1950s births",
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projected-23574423-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | Research on the English Poor Laws | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries. | Boyer is arguably best known for his extensive research on the English poor laws, culminating in his 1990 book, An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750-1850 (published by Cambridge University Press).
Using tools and concepts from economics, Boyer explores in his book the political motivation for the adoption of poor laws in 18th century England, the geographic variation in poor relief administered during that period, and the demographic impacts of these laws. The book challenges many previously held beliefs about poor laws, and argues that the adoption of such laws was a rational response to changing conditions in agricultural England at the time.
In a review of the book published in the Journal of Economic Literature, Martha Olney observes that "Boyer follows the methodological precepts of what has long since stopped being the "new" economic history: explicit theorizing subjected to empirical testing with historical data" (page 1535). While Olney cautions that "it is unclear whether his results will stand up to the poking and prodding his models' assumptions call for" (page 1535-1536), she nonetheless argues that "Boyer has written a commendable book" (page 1535) and that "any student of contemporary or historical systems of poor relief is well advised to place this book near the top of her required reading" (page 1536).
In another review of the book published in the American Journal of Legal History, James W. Ely, Jr. notes that, "In his carefully reasoned monograph, George R. Boyer provides an economic assessment of the poor laws before 1834 and offers an revisionist account of relief policy" (page 340). While Ely highlights some shortcomings in the text, he concludes that "Boyer has authored a provocative work which contributes to the rich literature on the English poor laws. His economic analysis will be helpful to the study of English poor relief policies" (page 342).
In addition to his book on the subject, Boyer has written articles on various aspects of English poor relief in economics and history journals including the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Economic History, and Explorations in Economic History.
In more recent work, Boyer is exploring the evolution of social welfare policies in the UK in the 19th and 20th centuries. | [] | [
"Research on the English Poor Laws"
] | [
"Cornell University faculty",
"21st-century American economists",
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projected-23574423-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | Books | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries. | An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750–1850, Cambridge University Press (1990) [Held in 528 libraries according to WorldCat]. | [] | [
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projected-23574423-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries. | "The Trade Boards Act of 1909 and the Alleviation of Household Poverty" (with Jessica S. Bean), British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 47, no. 2 (2009): pp. 240–264.
"Poverty Among the Elderly in Late Victorian England" (with T. P. Schmidle), Economic History Review, vol. 62, no. 2 (2009): pp. 249–278.
"Unemployment and the UK Labour Market Before, During and After the Golden Age" (with Timothy J. Hatton), European Review of Economic History, vol. 9, no. 1 (2005): pp. 35–60.
"The Evolution of Unemployment Relief in Great Britain," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 34, no. 3 (2004): pp. 393–433.
"New Estimates of British Unemployment, 1870-1913" (with Timothy J. Hatton), Journal of Economic History, vol. 62, no. 3: pp. 643–675.
"The Development of the Neoclassical Tradition in Labor Economics" (with Robert S. Smith), Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 54, no. 2 (2001): pp. 199–223.
"The Historical Background of the Communist Manifesto," Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 4 (1998): pp. 151–174.
"The Influence of London on Labor Markets in Southern England, 1830-1914," Social Science History, vol. 22, no. 3, (1998): pp. 257–285.
"Migration and Labour Market Integration in Late Nineteenth-Century England and Wales" (with Timothy J. Hatton), Economic History Review, vol. 50, no. 4 (1997): pp. 697–734.
"Poor Relief, Informal Assistance, and Short Time During the Lancashire Cotton Famine," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 34, no. 1 (1997): pp. 56–76.
"Labour Migration in Southern and Eastern England, 1861-1901" European Review of Economic History, vol. 1, no. 2 (1997): pp. 191–215.
"The Union Wage Effect in Late Nineteenth Century Britain" (with Timothy J. Hatton and Roy Bailey), Economica, vol. 61, no. 4 (1994): pp. 435–446.
"Malthus Was Right After All: Poor Relief and Birth Rates in Southeastern England," Journal of Political Economy, vol. 97, no. 1 (1989): pp. 93–114.
"What Did Unions Do in Nineteenth Century Britain?," Journal of Economic History, vol. 48, no. 2 (1988): pp. 319–332.
"The Poor Law, Migration, and Economic Growth" Journal of Economic History, vol. 46, no. 2 (1986): pp. 419–430.
"An Economic Model of the English Poor Law Circa 1780-1834," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 22, no. 2 (1985): pp. 129–167. | [] | [
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projected-23574423-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | References | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries. | Category:Cornell University faculty
Category:21st-century American economists
Category:College of William & Mary alumni
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Category:1950s births
Category:Living people | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Cornell University faculty",
"21st-century American economists",
"College of William & Mary alumni",
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projected-44498061-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls%20Grown%20Deep%20Foundation | Souls Grown Deep Foundation | Introduction | Souls Grown Deep Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to documenting, preserving, and promoting the work of leading contemporary African American artists from the Southeastern United States. Its mission is to include their contributions in the canon of American art history through acquisitions from its collection by major museums, as well as through exhibitions, programs, and publications. The foundation derives its name from a 1921 poem by Langston Hughes (1902–1967) titled "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," the last line of which is "My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
The foundation is led by Maxwell L. Anderson, who serves as its president, and a member of its board of trustees. Anderson was previously director of the Dallas Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2010 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"African-American cultural history",
"Arts foundations based in the United States",
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"Arts organizations established in 2010"
] | |
projected-44498061-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls%20Grown%20Deep%20Foundation | Souls Grown Deep Foundation | Collection | Souls Grown Deep Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to documenting, preserving, and promoting the work of leading contemporary African American artists from the Southeastern United States. Its mission is to include their contributions in the canon of American art history through acquisitions from its collection by major museums, as well as through exhibitions, programs, and publications. The foundation derives its name from a 1921 poem by Langston Hughes (1902–1967) titled "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," the last line of which is "My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
The foundation is led by Maxwell L. Anderson, who serves as its president, and a member of its board of trustees. Anderson was previously director of the Dallas Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. | The Souls Grown Deep Foundation Collection contains over 1,100 works by more than 160 artists, two-thirds of whom are women. Ranging from large-scale assemblages to works on paper, the foundation is particularly strong in works dating from the death of Martin Luther King Jr. to the end of the twentieth century. The roots of these works can be traced to slave cemeteries and secluded woods. Following the Civil War, when the southern agrarian economy collapsed and rural African American sharecroppers and tenant farmers were forced to migrate for survival to major population centers—particularly in and around Birmingham, Alabama, where iron and steel production created jobs—a new and more public language of quilts, funerary, and yard arts arose. Beyond painting, sculpture, assemblage, drawing, and textile-making, this tradition also included music, dance, oral literature, informal theater, culinary arts, and more. Much like jazz musicians, the artists of this tradition reflect the rich, symbolic world of the black rural South through highly charged works that address a wide range of revelatory social and political subjects.
Among the artists represented are Thornton Dial, Lonnie Holley, Mary T. Smith, Joe Minter, Nellie Mae Rowe, Purvis Young, Emmer Sewell, Ronald Lockett, Joe Light, and the Gees Bend quilters. | [] | [
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projected-44498061-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls%20Grown%20Deep%20Foundation | Souls Grown Deep Foundation | Origins | Souls Grown Deep Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to documenting, preserving, and promoting the work of leading contemporary African American artists from the Southeastern United States. Its mission is to include their contributions in the canon of American art history through acquisitions from its collection by major museums, as well as through exhibitions, programs, and publications. The foundation derives its name from a 1921 poem by Langston Hughes (1902–1967) titled "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," the last line of which is "My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
The foundation is led by Maxwell L. Anderson, who serves as its president, and a member of its board of trustees. Anderson was previously director of the Dallas Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. | Souls Grown Deep Foundation was founded in 2010, but traces its roots to the mid-1980s, when William S. Arnett, an art historian and collector, began to collect the artworks of largely undiscovered African American artists across nine southeastern states. Developed outside of the structure of schools, galleries, and museums, these rich yet largely unknown African American visual art traditions present a distinct post–Civil Rights phenomenon that offers powerful insight and fresh perspectives into the most compelling political and social issues of our time. The majority of the works and ephemeral documents held by the foundation were compiled by Arnett and his sons over three decades, with the goal of creating a collection that could serve as a record and legacy of this culture.
By the mid-1990s Arnett's efforts culminated in an ambitious survey exhibition of this tradition titled Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art of the South, presented in conjunction with the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta and in partnership with the City of Atlanta and the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University. The subsequent two-volume publication Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art of the South, remains the most in-depth examination of the movement. | [] | [
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projected-44498061-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls%20Grown%20Deep%20Foundation | Souls Grown Deep Foundation | Transfer of collection | Souls Grown Deep Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to documenting, preserving, and promoting the work of leading contemporary African American artists from the Southeastern United States. Its mission is to include their contributions in the canon of American art history through acquisitions from its collection by major museums, as well as through exhibitions, programs, and publications. The foundation derives its name from a 1921 poem by Langston Hughes (1902–1967) titled "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," the last line of which is "My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
The foundation is led by Maxwell L. Anderson, who serves as its president, and a member of its board of trustees. Anderson was previously director of the Dallas Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. | In 2014 the Souls Grown Deep Foundation began a multi-year program to transfer the majority of works in its care to the permanent collections of leading American and international art museums. To date, this program has led to the acquisition of over 350 works by more than 100 artists from the foundation's collection by 17 museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the High Museum of Art, the New Orleans Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Ackland Art Museum, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Brooklyn Museum, the Morgan Library & Museum, the Dallas Museum of Art, the Spelman College Museum of Fine Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Clark Atlanta University Art Museum, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, and The Phillips Collection. Forty works by 21 artists were purchased by the National Gallery of Art in 2020.
Exhibitions of acquisitions from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation include Revelations: Art from the African American South (2017-2018) at the de Young Museum in San Francisco; History Refused to Die: Highlights from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation Gift (2018) at The Metropolitan Museum of Art; Cosmologies from the Tree of Life: Art from the African American South (2019) at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; Souls Grown Deep: Artists of the African American South (2019) at the Philadelphia Museum of Art; and Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South (2022-2023) at the National Gallery of Art. | [] | [
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projected-23574428-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | Introduction | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Electoral Divisions of West Sussex"
] | |
projected-23574428-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | Extent | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services. | The division covers the northern part of the town of Horsham.
It comprises the following Horsham District wards: Holbrook East Ward and Holbrook West Ward; and of the following civil parishes: the western part of North Horsham and the northern part of Horsham. | [] | [
"Extent"
] | [
"Electoral Divisions of West Sussex"
] |
projected-23574428-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | 2013 Election | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services. | Results of the election held on 2 May 2013: | [] | [
"Election results",
"2013 Election"
] | [
"Electoral Divisions of West Sussex"
] |
projected-23574428-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | 2009 Election | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services. | Results of the election held on 4 June 2009: | [] | [
"Election results",
"2009 Election"
] | [
"Electoral Divisions of West Sussex"
] |
projected-23574428-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | 2005 Election | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services. | Results of the election held on 5 May 2005: | [] | [
"Election results",
"2005 Election"
] | [
"Electoral Divisions of West Sussex"
] |
projected-23574428-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | References | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services. | Election Results - West Sussex County Council | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Electoral Divisions of West Sussex"
] |
projected-23574433-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen%20Sussman | Jen Sussman | Introduction | Jen Sussman (born 8 August 1937, Nanking, China – died 8 August 2002, Vero Beach, Florida), was an artist, graphic designer and children's book illustrator.
Sussman worked as graphic designer for Time Life Books, Raymond Loewy (Paris) and George Nelson & Company (New York). She was also proprietor of her own design firm, Jen Sussman Holdings Ltd, whose clients included Gillette and Pantone.
She created the children's character Muggy based on her own pug. Muggy was briefly the Mascot of the Los Angeles Children's Museum, portrayed on the museum's official poster and other items.
In 1985 she created the artwork for a series of books for children, written by her husband Barth Jules Sussman, and initially sold through the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the Book of the Month Club, and in 1997, the artwork for a Muggy CD-based Coloring Book. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1937 births",
"2002 deaths",
"American illustrators"
] | |
projected-23574433-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen%20Sussman | Jen Sussman | Books | Jen Sussman (born 8 August 1937, Nanking, China – died 8 August 2002, Vero Beach, Florida), was an artist, graphic designer and children's book illustrator.
Sussman worked as graphic designer for Time Life Books, Raymond Loewy (Paris) and George Nelson & Company (New York). She was also proprietor of her own design firm, Jen Sussman Holdings Ltd, whose clients included Gillette and Pantone.
She created the children's character Muggy based on her own pug. Muggy was briefly the Mascot of the Los Angeles Children's Museum, portrayed on the museum's official poster and other items.
In 1985 she created the artwork for a series of books for children, written by her husband Barth Jules Sussman, and initially sold through the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the Book of the Month Club, and in 1997, the artwork for a Muggy CD-based Coloring Book. | Muggy Au Cirque: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
Muggy Recontre Bibi: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
La Journee de Muggy: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
Muggy: CD-ROM Coloring Book for Children – Muggy Press
EPUB picture books:
Muggy the Happy Pug – A Lovely Day
Muggy the Happy Pug – Muggy Meets Bibi
Muggy the Happy Pug – Muggy Goes to the Circus | [] | [
"Books"
] | [
"1937 births",
"2002 deaths",
"American illustrators"
] |
projected-23574433-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen%20Sussman | Jen Sussman | References | Jen Sussman (born 8 August 1937, Nanking, China – died 8 August 2002, Vero Beach, Florida), was an artist, graphic designer and children's book illustrator.
Sussman worked as graphic designer for Time Life Books, Raymond Loewy (Paris) and George Nelson & Company (New York). She was also proprietor of her own design firm, Jen Sussman Holdings Ltd, whose clients included Gillette and Pantone.
She created the children's character Muggy based on her own pug. Muggy was briefly the Mascot of the Los Angeles Children's Museum, portrayed on the museum's official poster and other items.
In 1985 she created the artwork for a series of books for children, written by her husband Barth Jules Sussman, and initially sold through the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the Book of the Month Club, and in 1997, the artwork for a Muggy CD-based Coloring Book. | Category:1937 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:American illustrators | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1937 births",
"2002 deaths",
"American illustrators"
] |
projected-23574438-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20Statistics%20of%20the%20United%20States | Historical Statistics of the United States | Introduction | Historical Statistics of the United States (HSUS) is a compendium of statistics about United States. Published by the United States Census Bureau until 1975, it is now published by Cambridge University Press.
The last free version, the Bicentennial Edition, appeared in two volumes in 1975 and is now available online.
The current commercial version deals with Population, Work and Welfare, Economic Structure and Performance, Economic Sectors and Governance & International Relations, respectively, in five volumes.
The fully searchable and downloadable electronic edition was developed by Data Software Research Company (DSRC) for Cambridge University Press. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"United States Census Bureau",
"Cambridge University Press books"
] | |
projected-23574439-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20variegata | Tolumnia variegata | Introduction | Tolumnia variegata, the harlequin dancing-lady orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the Caribbean. It is the most widespread species of the genus, ranging from the Virgin Islands in the eastern Caribbean westward to Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba and the Cayman Islands. Plants occur mostly on small branches of shrubs and small trees, often in secondary habitats, in dry to wet regions from near sea level to 800 m elevation. It is not found in Jamaica. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Tolumnia"
] | |
projected-44498064-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive%20Order%2013139 | Executive Order 13139 | Introduction | Executive Order 13139— entitled Improving Health Protection of Military Personnel Participating in Particular Military Operations — as an executive order (EO) issued by U.S. President Bill Clinton on 30 September 1999. It outlines the conditions under which Investigational New Drug (IND) and off-label pharmaceuticals can be administered to U.S. service members. An “off-label" indication is a use of a drug in a manner (or for a condition) other than that for which they were originally licensed.
EO13139 provides the US Secretary of Defense guidance regarding the provision of IND products or products unapproved for their intended use as antidotes to chemical, biological, or radiological weapons; stipulates that the U.S. government will administer products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration only for their intended use; provides the circumstances and controls under which IND products may be used.
It also stipulates that to administer an IND product, informed consent must be obtained from individual service members. However, the President of the United States may waive informed consent (at the request of the Secretary of Defense and only the Secretary of Defense) if:
Informed consent is not feasible
Informed consent is contrary to the best interests of the service member
Obtaining informed consent is not in the best interests of national security.
In the 2003 case of Doe v. Rumsfeld, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia enjoined the United States Air Force from requiring administration of an unlicensed anthrax vaccine to personnel pursuant to EO13139, noting that a waiver from the President had not been requested. This injunction dissolved in 2005, when the vaccine was licensed, and no longer considered experimental. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Executive orders of Bill Clinton",
"Legal history of the United States",
"1999 in American law",
"Biological warfare"
] | |
projected-23574442-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Introduction | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] | |
projected-23574442-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Location | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | Lyantonde District is bordered by Sembabule District to the north and northeast, Lwengo District to the east, Rakai District to the south, and Kiruhura District to the west. The 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, is located approximately , by road, west of the city of Masaka, the largest metropolitan area in the sub-region. The coordinates of the district are: 00 25S, 31 10E. | [] | [
"Location"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] |
projected-23574442-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | History | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | The district is composed on one county, Kabula County. Prior to 2007, Kabula County was part of Rakai District. In 2007, the county was split off of Rakai District and given autonomous district status. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] |
projected-23574442-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Population | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | In 1991, the national population census estimated the population of the district at about 53,100. During the next census in 2002, the population of Lyantonde District was estimated at about 66,000 with an annual population growth rate of 1.9%. In 2012 the district population was estimated at about 80,200. | [] | [
"Population"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] |
projected-23574442-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Economic activities | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | Agriculture being the major source of livelihood for the population in Lyantonde District. A variety of crops are grown in the district, both for subsistence and economic purposes. The crops grown include:
Cattle are the main livestock kept by farmers in Lyantonde. It is estimated that there are 83,700 of cattle in the District. Other animals that are raised include goats, sheep, pigs and poultry. | [] | [
"Economic activities"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] |
projected-23574442-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Community health | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | The district has a heavy disease burden. The most prevalent challenges include: | [] | [
"Community health"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] |
projected-23574442-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | See also | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located. | Lyantonde
Central Region, Uganda
Districts of Uganda | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Lyantonde District",
"Districts of Uganda",
"Central Region, Uganda"
] |
projected-17330564-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | Introduction | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | [] | [
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] | [
"Mallu Magalhães",
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"Living people",
"21st-century Brazilian women singers",
"21st-century Brazilian singers",
"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
"Brazilian banjoists",
"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] | |
projected-17330564-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | 1992–2007: Before the fame | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | Mallu is the daughter of a landscape architect and an engineer with a passion for classic rock, which appears as an influence on their musical tastes. Aged eight, Mallu received a guitar from her father and two years later began teaching. At twelve, she began writing songs, mostly written in English.
On her 15th birthday, Mallu asked her parents and grandparents that their gifts were given in cash. With it, Mallu managed to record four songs in the studio Lucy Sky, and put them on her MySpace page, among which "Tchubaruba", "J1" and the music video "Vanguart" became best known.
Mallu has received positive criticism in publications such as Rolling Stone, Trip and Bravo!, and her music has been praised for its inception, spontaneity, cultural background and her talent for singing and composing both in English and Portuguese. Mallu also sings and composes in French. She lists her influences as classic rock and folk as well as The Beatles, Belle & Sebastian, Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, and other similar musical styles.
Mallu Magalhães was the first artist from Brazil to participate in the design world Sessions MTV and at the same station, had her first clip "J1", as one of the most requested by viewers.
Mallu plays guitar, harmonica, melodica and banjo. | [] | [
"Biography",
"1992–2007: Before the fame"
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"21st-century Brazilian singers",
"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
"Brazilian banjoists",
"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | 2008–2009: First album, tour, and DVD | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | With concerts selling out across the country, she held a special show for the clothing line Maria Bonita Extra, at Fashion Rio, a major fashion event in Brazil; three concerts in Portugal, one of which at the biggest music festival in the country, Southwest Festival, along with Faith No More and Lily Allen. The songs "J1" and "Tchubaruba" were also used in a national campaign for Brazilian cell phone operator Vivo.
Mallu collected appraisals from celebrities and national personalities all over Brazil. She was a special guest at Tom Zé's talk show. Being one of her greatest fans, he declared once:
"I heard the music of Mallu and loved it. I became a fan."
During the holidays in July 2008, Mallu recorded at AR studios in Rio de Janeiro, where a console analog to the one at British EMI's Abbey Road Studios, analogue tape recorders and rare microphones from the 60s were used, to capture the atmosphere. The production was led by Mario Caldato Jr, who had worked with artists like John Lee Hooker, Beck and Björk, and the album was released independently by the Agencia de Música and Microservice on November 15, 2008.
Invited by the artist Marcelo Camelo (Los Hermanos), Mallu sang and played the guitar in the song Janta (Marcelo Camelo), which appeared on Camelo's debut album. Both admitted having a relationship after Camelo made a special appearance at Mallu's concert on Morro da Urca in October 2008.
That same year Mallu was nominated for the Brazilian's MTV Music Awards, running for artist of the year, best new artist and concert of the year, but lost. She spent the year traveling around Brazil and giving numerous concerts, including one at the My Space Music Tour, a gratuitous series of concerts. In early October, she recorded her first live DVD during a concert in São Paulo. | [] | [
"Biography",
"2008–2009: First album, tour, and DVD"
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"Musicians from São Paulo",
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"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | 2009–2010: Second album and tour | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | In August 2009, Mallu entered the studio again, this time under the direction of renowned producer Kassin (Vanessa da Mata, Caetano Veloso, Mariah Carey) to record her second CD, which was launched on December 8, 2009 Agência de Música/Sony Music with Shine Yellow as the first single. A tour supported the album pair began on January 23, 2010 in the "Festival de Verão de Salvador" in Salvador, Bahia. | [] | [
"Biography",
"2009–2010: Second album and tour"
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"Mallu Magalhães",
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"21st-century Brazilian singers",
"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
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"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | 2011–2013: Third album and international exposure | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | In "Pitanga", produced in partnership with her boyfriend Marcelo Camelo and released on September 30, 2011, Mallu presents her third album showing both personal and musical growth. In this album, the artist explored new instruments such as drums, piano and electric guitars. "Highly Sensitive", a compilation, was released in October 2013 in the US, Mallu's first US release. Prior to the release of the album, the title track "Highly Sensitive" was used as the soundtrack for Windows 8 commercial ads. | [] | [
"Biography",
"2011–2013: Third album and international exposure"
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"Mallu Magalhães",
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"21st-century Brazilian singers",
"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
"Brazilian banjoists",
"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | 2013–present: Banda do Mar and Vem | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | After moving to Lisbon with her husband Marcelo Camelo, they joined the drummer Fred Ferreira to form Banda do Mar, releasing their first album in late 2014. In 2017, she released her fourth solo album Vem, which was elected the 4th best Brazilian album of 2017 by the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone. | [] | [
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"2013–present: Banda do Mar and Vem"
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"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
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"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | Solo | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | Studio albums
Mallu Magalhães (2008)
Mallu Magalhães (2009)
Pitanga (2011)
Vem (2017)
Esperança (2021)
Compilation albums
Highly Sensitive (2013)
Video releases
Mallu Magalhães (2008) | [] | [
"Discography",
"Solo"
] | [
"Mallu Magalhães",
"1992 births",
"Living people",
"21st-century Brazilian women singers",
"21st-century Brazilian singers",
"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
"Brazilian banjoists",
"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | With Banda do Mar | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | Banda do Mar (2014) | [] | [
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"With Banda do Mar"
] | [
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"21st-century Brazilian singers",
"Musicians from São Paulo",
"Latin music songwriters",
"Brazilian banjoists",
"Brazilian emigrants to Portugal",
"Brazilian women singer-songwriters"
] |
projected-17330564-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | References | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015. | Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century Brazilian women singers
Category:21st-century Brazilian singers
Category:Musicians from São Paulo
Category:Latin music songwriters
Category:Brazilian banjoists
Category:Brazilian emigrants to Portugal
Category:Brazilian women singer-songwriters | [] | [
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"21st-century Brazilian singers",
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] |
projected-23574463-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Your%20Colors | Show Your Colors | Introduction | Show Your Colors is the fourth studio album by Finnish metal band Amoral. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2009 albums",
"Amoral (band) albums"
] | |
projected-23574463-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Your%20Colors | Show Your Colors | Background | Show Your Colors is the fourth studio album by Finnish metal band Amoral. | Amoral's fourth studio album was announced in November 2008 when the band announced Ari Koivunen as their new front man. On January 21, their first single was put up the band's MySpace account. The first single is entitled Year of the Suckerpunch and the song is clearly distinctive from any of Amoral's previous material, and is built around Ari's higher pitched, clean, melodic voice, as opposed to former vocalist Niko Kalliojärvi's growling death metal vocals. The album was released May 6, 2009. | [] | [
"Background"
] | [
"2009 albums",
"Amoral (band) albums"
] |
projected-23574463-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Your%20Colors | Show Your Colors | Personnel | Show Your Colors is the fourth studio album by Finnish metal band Amoral. | Amoral
Ari Koivunen - vocals, backing vocals
Ben Varon - guitar
Silver Ots - guitar
Juhana Karlsson - drums
Pekka Johansson - bass
Additional
Janne Saksa - recording, producing, backing vocals
Svante Forsbäck- mastering
Mika Latvala - piano (10) | [] | [
"Personnel"
] | [
"2009 albums",
"Amoral (band) albums"
] |
projected-23574464-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | Introduction | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Islands of the Adriatic Sea",
"Catholic pilgrimage sites",
"Shrines to the Virgin Mary",
"Churches in the province of Gorizia",
"Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia"
] | |
projected-23574464-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | History of the shrine | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars. | The foundation of the shrine originates from an image of the Virgin Mary carried in by the sea and found at the foot of an elm after a fierce storm. At that time the site was part of the mainland; the Grado Lagoon was formed between the 5th and 7th centuries.
From the foundation to around 1000, Barbana became an island and the shrine was served by a community of monks unique to the island, called the Barbitani. The original church was destroyed by floods and rebuilt. The image of Mary, too, was lost and in the 11th century was replaced by a wooden statue known as the Madonna mora. This Black Madonna is now housed in the Domus Mariae (House of Mary), a chapel near the main church.
In the 11th century, the care of the shrine was entrusted to Benedictine monks, who served there until the 15th century. They were succeeded by a Franciscan community who built a new church in the 18th century. | [
"colonne-antico-santuario.jpg"
] | [
"History of the shrine"
] | [
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"Catholic pilgrimage sites",
"Shrines to the Virgin Mary",
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"Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia"
] |
projected-23574464-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | Art and architecture | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars. | The modern church was built in the Romanesque style at the beginning of the 20th century. Ancient remains include two Roman columns from the first church, and a 10th-century relief portraying Jesus. The crowned statue of Mary dates from the 15th century, while the 17th century is represented by several altars and paintings, including one from the school of Tintoretto.
In the wood near the church a small chapel (the Cappella dell'apparizione) was built in 1854 in the place where the original image of Mary was found.
The baptismal font of the church is supported by a figure of the Devil, sculpted in red marble. It is the work of Claudio Granzotto, a Franciscan friar and noted religious artist of the mid-20th century. He has been beatified by the Catholic Church and is being considered for canonization. | [
"Interior-of-barbana-church.jpg"
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projected-23574464-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | Pilgrimages | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars. | Barbana is the destination of many pilgrimages, the most famous being the Perdon de Barbana which is held each July to celebrate the end of a visitation of the plague in Grado in 1237. | [] | [
"Pilgrimages"
] | [
"Islands of the Adriatic Sea",
"Catholic pilgrimage sites",
"Shrines to the Virgin Mary",
"Churches in the province of Gorizia",
"Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia"
] |
projected-23574464-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | See also | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars. | List of islands of Italy
Grado
Shrines to the Virgin Mary | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Islands of the Adriatic Sea",
"Catholic pilgrimage sites",
"Shrines to the Virgin Mary",
"Churches in the province of Gorizia",
"Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia"
] |
projected-23574464-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | References | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars. | ‘Barbana’, Frati Minori del Veneto e Friuli.
Category:Islands of the Adriatic Sea
Category:Catholic pilgrimage sites
Category:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Category:Churches in the province of Gorizia
Category:Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Islands of the Adriatic Sea",
"Catholic pilgrimage sites",
"Shrines to the Virgin Mary",
"Churches in the province of Gorizia",
"Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia"
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projected-23574472-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Atlantic%20%26%20Pacific%20Tea%20Co.%20v.%20Supermarket%20Equipment%20Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp. | Introduction | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1950 in United States case law",
"The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company",
"United States patent case law",
"United States Supreme Court cases",
"United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court",
"Retail point of sale systems"
] | |
projected-23574472-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Atlantic%20%26%20Pacific%20Tea%20Co.%20v.%20Supermarket%20Equipment%20Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp. | Background | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge. | Patent number 2,242,408 ("the Turnham patent") claimed the invention of a cashier's counter equipped with a three-sided frame with no top or bottom which, when pushed or pulled, moved groceries deposited in it by a customer to the clerk and left them there when pushed back to repeat the operation.
The district court found that, although each element of the device was known to prior art, a counter with an extension to receive a self-unloading tray with which to push the contents of the tray in front of the cashier was a novel feature and constituted a new and useful combination. The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's decision. Both courts found that every element claimed in the Turnham patent was known to prior art, except the extension of the counter. | [] | [
"Background"
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"1950 in United States case law",
"The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company",
"United States patent case law",
"United States Supreme Court cases",
"United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court",
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] |
projected-23574472-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Atlantic%20%26%20Pacific%20Tea%20Co.%20v.%20Supermarket%20Equipment%20Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp. | Supreme Court decision | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge. | The Supreme Court disagreed with the lower courts' conclusion that the extension of the counter constituted an invention because (1) the extension was not mentioned in the claim, (2) an invention cannot be found in a mere elongation of a merchant's counter, and (3) the Turnham patent overclaimed the invention by including old elements, unless together with its other old elements, the extension made up a new patentable combination. The Court explained that the key to the patentability of a mechanical device that brings old factors into cooperation is the presence or lack of invention: "[O]nly when the whole in some way exceeds the sum of its parts is the accumulation of old devices patentable." The Court concluded that the invention claimed by the Turnham patent lacked any "unusual or surprising consequences" from the combination of old elements.
The Court added that patents are intended to add to the sum of useful knowledge, and they cannot be sustained when their effect is to subtract from resources freely available. The Court also emphasized that commercial success without invention is not sufficient for purposes of patentability. | [] | [
"Supreme Court decision"
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"The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company",
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projected-23574472-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Atlantic%20%26%20Pacific%20Tea%20Co.%20v.%20Supermarket%20Equipment%20Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp. | Concurrence | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge. | In his concurrence, Justice Douglas stated that to be patentable, an invention must push back the frontiers of science. In his view, the Patent Office took advantage of the opportunity to expand its own jurisdiction and granted patents to inventions that had no place in the constitutional scheme of advancing scientific knowledge. | [] | [
"Concurrence"
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"The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company",
"United States patent case law",
"United States Supreme Court cases",
"United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court",
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] |
projected-23574473-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Introduction | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | [] | [
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"Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates",
"Welsh educational theorists",
"British... | |
projected-23574473-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Early life | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | Born at the High Street in Brecon, Olive Wheeler was the younger daughter of Annie Wheeler, Poole, and her husband, Henry Burford Wheeler. Henry Wheeler was a master printer and publisher. She attended Brecon County School for Girls. She received an Honours Central Welsh Board Certificate in 1904. She attended University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and graduated with a BSc in Chemistry in 1907, and a MSc in 1911. At Aberystwyth she was elected president of the Students' Representative Council. In 1908 she was awarded a double first in a Secondary Teachers Certificate, University of Wales.
Wheeler completed a DSc (Doctor of Science) in Psychology at Bedford College, London (now part of Royal Holloway, University of London) in 1916. She enrolled for the DSc in the Michaelmas term of 1911 at the age of twenty five. Her mother, Annie Wheeler, was a signatory on the form (her father was already dead), along with A. H. Lewis, a Baptist Minister in Brecon, and Uma Wright, Secretary to Brecon Gas Company. | [] | [
"Early life"
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"British... |
projected-23574473-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Career | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | Her first teaching appointment was as lecturer in mental and moral science at Cheltenham Ladies College. She was later appointed to a lectureship in education at the University of Manchester, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Education. In 1921 she applied for the Chair in Education at Swansea University College. Wheeler stood as the Labour candidate for the University of Wales parliamentary constituency in the 1922 general election against Thomas Arthur Lewis. She was President of the Aberystwyth Old Students' Association in 1923–24.
Wheeler was appointed as Professor of Education (Women) at University College at Cardiff in 1925, as well as (temporarily) the Dean of the Faculty of Education. She was the first female head of department in the University of Wales. Her title was officially changed to Professor of Education in 1933. In 1947 she became chairperson of the Welsh Advisory Council on Youth Employment and chairman of the South Wales District of the Workers Education Association.
Wheeler was a fellow of the British Psychological Society. Three years after her retirement in 1951 she went to Canada on a lecture tour. | [] | [
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"Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire",
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"British... |
projected-23574473-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Damehood | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | She was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1950 New Year Honours for education and social work in Wales, particularly for her work with the University of Wales, the Workers’ Educational Association and the Welsh Joint Education Committee. | [] | [
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projected-23574473-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Death | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | She died suddenly in the Kardomah Café in Queen Street, Cardiff on 26 September 1963. In her will she left £27,434. She bequeathed her library of educational materials to Cardiff University, as well as funds to create an annual prize of £500 () to be awarded to the university's top student in the department of education. She left £250 to the South Wales District of the Workers' Educational Association and Park End Presbyterian Church, Cardiff. | [] | [
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projected-23574473-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Affiliations | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | Fellow, University of Wales | [] | [
"Affiliations"
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"1886 births",
"1963 deaths",
"Academics of the University of Manchester",
"British women academics",
"Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire",
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"Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates",
"Welsh educational theorists",
"British... |
projected-23574473-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Bibliography | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | second edition, 1937. | [] | [
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"1963 deaths",
"Academics of the University of Manchester",
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"Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire",
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"Welsh educational theorists",
"British... |
projected-23574473-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | References | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University. | Category:1886 births
Category:1963 deaths
Category:Academics of the University of Manchester
Category:British women academics
Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Academics of Cardiff University
Category:People from Brecon
Category:Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Category:Welsh educational theorists
Category:British psychologists
Category:Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Category:Aberystwyth Old Students' Association
Category:20th-century psychologists | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1886 births",
"1963 deaths",
"Academics of the University of Manchester",
"British women academics",
"Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire",
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"People from Brecon",
"Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates",
"Welsh educational theorists",
"British... |
projected-23574478-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20Perrey | Alexis Perrey | Introduction | Alexis Perrey (1807–1882) was a historical French seismologist and compiler of earthquake catalogs. He is considered a pioneer in this area, having published a paper on earthquakes in Algeria as early as 1848, in the journal Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon. He continued to post annual observations on Algerian earthquakes until 1871.
He suspected a correlation between the moon and seismic activity on earth, and developed his theory with the use of statistics. He found that earth tremors occurred most frequently during full and new moons, when the earth is between the sun and moon, when the moon is between the earth and sun, and when the moon is closest in its orbit to the earth. He also found indications in some cases that the moon had crossed the meridian of affected locales at the time of the earthquake. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Seismologists",
"French geologists",
"1807 births",
"1882 deaths"
] | |
projected-23574478-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20Perrey | Alexis Perrey | Further reading | Alexis Perrey (1807–1882) was a historical French seismologist and compiler of earthquake catalogs. He is considered a pioneer in this area, having published a paper on earthquakes in Algeria as early as 1848, in the journal Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon. He continued to post annual observations on Algerian earthquakes until 1871.
He suspected a correlation between the moon and seismic activity on earth, and developed his theory with the use of statistics. He found that earth tremors occurred most frequently during full and new moons, when the earth is between the sun and moon, when the moon is between the earth and sun, and when the moon is closest in its orbit to the earth. He also found indications in some cases that the moon had crossed the meridian of affected locales at the time of the earthquake. | Category:Seismologists
Category:French geologists
Category:1807 births
Category:1882 deaths | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Seismologists",
"French geologists",
"1807 births",
"1882 deaths"
] |
projected-23574485-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83l%C4%83ie%C8%99ti%2C%20Orhei | Mălăiești, Orhei | Introduction | Mălăiești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mălăiești and Tîrzieni. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Communes of Orhei District"
] | |
projected-23574485-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83l%C4%83ie%C8%99ti%2C%20Orhei | Mălăiești, Orhei | References | Mălăiești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mălăiești and Tîrzieni. | Category:Communes of Orhei District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Communes of Orhei District"
] |
projected-26722411-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwa%2C%20Rajasthan | Barwa, Rajasthan | Introduction | Barwa is a village located in the Bali tehsil of Pali district of Rajasthan state, amidst the Aravalli Range.It is dominated by Rajpurohit (gundecha) .It is said that the rajpurohit gundecha migrated from chittaurgarh (mewar) to godawd in 15th century than Thakur Badh singh ji gundecha of Chandrayat lineage of mada established barwa .The village is divided into five poll (gates) namely korka poll,darvaja poll,gopal poll, Badi poll,Th.jethu singji'poll.Barwa is one of the most flourish village in the pali district .The village and the surrounding area was controlled by the rajpurohit (Gundecha's) till independence (for around 600 years) and It is one of the most popular village in pali district this jagir was granted by mewar kingdom to gundecha s for their bravery in military campaigns
[1] Gundecha (Rajpurohit)
In around 12th century when the land of pali and its surrounding was ruled by Brahman called paliwals. Paliwals were the name given to the people who live in this city .The state of pali was given patronage by chauhan king of ajmer and Nadol and also by rawal sa of mewar but everything change after the defeat of prithviraj chauhan the invaders are now tormenting the whole central india and in this harsh time the lords of pali the jagirdar Brahman were on pilgrim of Pushkar were the met the ancestors of today's rathores rao Shia and his chieftains one of this chieftains was the sevad Devpal rajpurohit.The Brahman meet them and invite them to there state because in this harsh time they need strong reinforcement against invaders. on an ominous day the general of mahomed gori known as iltutmish attacked on godwad the chauhan fought bravely but couldn't resist his large army after sacking godawad he started moving northward on a day of holi probably he attacked pali he tormented the city the Brahman and rajputs of rao shia fought bravely for 10 days but soon they were out of supplies on the last of war only few Brahman and rajputs warriors were left many Brahman left the city and moved to jaislmer but some warrior Brahman like gang deo ji were there to resist the invaders the warriors fought bravely but couldn't resist the heavy forces and rao Shia also died on the battlefield soon after gangdeo ji and his warriors left the city of pali on the order of there kuldevi rohini Mata for South after traveling for few days gang deo ji found gundoj as his new jagir he constructed water tank ,pond ,and kuldevi s temple there after the death of great warrior gang deo ji his descendants used gundecha as there surname in honor of him . after a few decades a great personality born in this lineage and his name was chandrayat ji .chandrayat ji was a brave warrior and a good scholar due to his warrior hood he was invited to Bali fort and offered the post of rajpurohit by the rulers of Bali probably chauhans.The chauhans of godwad were under the kingship of mewar(chittaurgarh).one day the rawal of mewar was on his visit to godwad he reveals a problem to his chieftains that there is community called Mer who reside in today's sadri and rankpur area were looting the royal chariots of mewar and they crossed there a limit when they ask rani sa for tax on her way to chittaurgarh the rani sa were very annoyed and quote a famous line which is still popular in that area among people that "Rana thare raj mh o koi viyo" soon rawal ji got angry and sent his forces to kill the mers but the army were unable to find them as they ambush in the vast forest. after knowing the situation the chieftains were discussing for a solution. after a long discussion chandrayat ji came with a solution he ask rawal ji for few month's to solve this problem. soon after this chandrayat ji and his sons left for the jungle they changed there appearance into a Saint s appearance and they started navigating the forest after a few months of rooming in the forest they became friendly to the mers .The mers also started believing that he (chandrayat ji) is a Saint not a warrior they offered him gifts and make him as there guru .one day they invited chandrayat ji and his chieftains to there hiding place .the place was today's Mada village .There chandrayat ji found that they were in numbers and also that with the first light of the sun they ambush in the forest so they can't be killed by the army and also can't be killed by poison as they drink mahua a liquor which was dangerous as poison so they were adapted to poison though chandrayat ji found a liquid which can still kill them .after months of time period chandrayat ji announced that his time here in this forest is over as his meditation is finished now I'm leaving for Pushkar before leaving I want to organize a feast for all of u .chandrayat ji organize a feast and added poison in the food after eating the food many mers died some get unconscious but Many of them were unaffected after analyzing the situation the mers found that he chandrayat ji is not a Saint but a warrior sent here to kill them soon they attacked on him chandrayat ji and his chieftains get ready for the last ride they prayed the lord Shiva before going to battlefield. The mers were in numbers but they were unorganized so by taking this advantage attacked them from front. chandrayat ji were slaughtering mers like vegetables and by seeing this scary view the mers started to retreat. chandrayat ji and his chieftains and sons chase them . chandrayat ji chase them for month's the chase came to end when they reached ajmer after that he ends the chase the mers still resides in surrounding area of ajmer.After finishing such huge mission successfully the rawal sa were so happy that he offered the post of rajpurohit to chandrayat ji not only that he also granted jagiri of 60 village s in godawad and mewar pragnana. The gundecha still resides in this area .The descendants of chandrayat ji worked for centuries for mewar they fight as cheiftains ,works as Kamdars and were on many high administrative post for years. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Pali district"
] | |
projected-26722411-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwa%2C%20Rajasthan | Barwa, Rajasthan | Demographics | Barwa is a village located in the Bali tehsil of Pali district of Rajasthan state, amidst the Aravalli Range.It is dominated by Rajpurohit (gundecha) .It is said that the rajpurohit gundecha migrated from chittaurgarh (mewar) to godawd in 15th century than Thakur Badh singh ji gundecha of Chandrayat lineage of mada established barwa .The village is divided into five poll (gates) namely korka poll,darvaja poll,gopal poll, Badi poll,Th.jethu singji'poll.Barwa is one of the most flourish village in the pali district .The village and the surrounding area was controlled by the rajpurohit (Gundecha's) till independence (for around 600 years) and It is one of the most popular village in pali district this jagir was granted by mewar kingdom to gundecha s for their bravery in military campaigns
[1] Gundecha (Rajpurohit)
In around 12th century when the land of pali and its surrounding was ruled by Brahman called paliwals. Paliwals were the name given to the people who live in this city .The state of pali was given patronage by chauhan king of ajmer and Nadol and also by rawal sa of mewar but everything change after the defeat of prithviraj chauhan the invaders are now tormenting the whole central india and in this harsh time the lords of pali the jagirdar Brahman were on pilgrim of Pushkar were the met the ancestors of today's rathores rao Shia and his chieftains one of this chieftains was the sevad Devpal rajpurohit.The Brahman meet them and invite them to there state because in this harsh time they need strong reinforcement against invaders. on an ominous day the general of mahomed gori known as iltutmish attacked on godwad the chauhan fought bravely but couldn't resist his large army after sacking godawad he started moving northward on a day of holi probably he attacked pali he tormented the city the Brahman and rajputs of rao shia fought bravely for 10 days but soon they were out of supplies on the last of war only few Brahman and rajputs warriors were left many Brahman left the city and moved to jaislmer but some warrior Brahman like gang deo ji were there to resist the invaders the warriors fought bravely but couldn't resist the heavy forces and rao Shia also died on the battlefield soon after gangdeo ji and his warriors left the city of pali on the order of there kuldevi rohini Mata for South after traveling for few days gang deo ji found gundoj as his new jagir he constructed water tank ,pond ,and kuldevi s temple there after the death of great warrior gang deo ji his descendants used gundecha as there surname in honor of him . after a few decades a great personality born in this lineage and his name was chandrayat ji .chandrayat ji was a brave warrior and a good scholar due to his warrior hood he was invited to Bali fort and offered the post of rajpurohit by the rulers of Bali probably chauhans.The chauhans of godwad were under the kingship of mewar(chittaurgarh).one day the rawal of mewar was on his visit to godwad he reveals a problem to his chieftains that there is community called Mer who reside in today's sadri and rankpur area were looting the royal chariots of mewar and they crossed there a limit when they ask rani sa for tax on her way to chittaurgarh the rani sa were very annoyed and quote a famous line which is still popular in that area among people that "Rana thare raj mh o koi viyo" soon rawal ji got angry and sent his forces to kill the mers but the army were unable to find them as they ambush in the vast forest. after knowing the situation the chieftains were discussing for a solution. after a long discussion chandrayat ji came with a solution he ask rawal ji for few month's to solve this problem. soon after this chandrayat ji and his sons left for the jungle they changed there appearance into a Saint s appearance and they started navigating the forest after a few months of rooming in the forest they became friendly to the mers .The mers also started believing that he (chandrayat ji) is a Saint not a warrior they offered him gifts and make him as there guru .one day they invited chandrayat ji and his chieftains to there hiding place .the place was today's Mada village .There chandrayat ji found that they were in numbers and also that with the first light of the sun they ambush in the forest so they can't be killed by the army and also can't be killed by poison as they drink mahua a liquor which was dangerous as poison so they were adapted to poison though chandrayat ji found a liquid which can still kill them .after months of time period chandrayat ji announced that his time here in this forest is over as his meditation is finished now I'm leaving for Pushkar before leaving I want to organize a feast for all of u .chandrayat ji organize a feast and added poison in the food after eating the food many mers died some get unconscious but Many of them were unaffected after analyzing the situation the mers found that he chandrayat ji is not a Saint but a warrior sent here to kill them soon they attacked on him chandrayat ji and his chieftains get ready for the last ride they prayed the lord Shiva before going to battlefield. The mers were in numbers but they were unorganized so by taking this advantage attacked them from front. chandrayat ji were slaughtering mers like vegetables and by seeing this scary view the mers started to retreat. chandrayat ji and his chieftains and sons chase them . chandrayat ji chase them for month's the chase came to end when they reached ajmer after that he ends the chase the mers still resides in surrounding area of ajmer.After finishing such huge mission successfully the rawal sa were so happy that he offered the post of rajpurohit to chandrayat ji not only that he also granted jagiri of 60 village s in godawad and mewar pragnana. The gundecha still resides in this area .The descendants of chandrayat ji worked for centuries for mewar they fight as cheiftains ,works as Kamdars and were on many high administrative post for years. | The population of Barwa is 2,874 according to the 2001 census, where male population is 1,396 and female population is 1,478.
There are many temples in the village like Shree Lakshmi Narayan Temple,{मुख्य मन्दिर सभी मन्दिर व गांव इनके अधिन है) Shree Vishwakarma MANDIR Shree Mahadevji Temple, Shree Sariyadeviji Temple, Shree Charbhuja Mandir, Thakurji Mandir (Badipaul), Shree Rohinimataji (गाँव की कुलदेवी). Satimata, Vageshvari mataji,वागेेेेेेश्वरी माताजी मन्दिर माताजी ढाणी
hanuman temple kika doly, kala bheru, gora bheru, shitla mata mandir.
The famous pilgrim of Shree Aatmanadji Samadhi and temple is also in temple. पर्यटन उद्योग द्वारा आयोजित - बालाजी पैलेस जहा देश-विदेश के पर्यटक रुकते है
The main leader in barwa Narayan singh Rajpurohit ( kaku ) | [] | [
"Demographics"
] | [
"Villages in Pali district"
] |
projected-23574505-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatra%2C%20Orhei | Piatra, Orhei | Introduction | Piatra is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Jeloboc and Piatra. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Communes of Orhei District"
] | |
projected-23574505-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatra%2C%20Orhei | Piatra, Orhei | References | Piatra is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Jeloboc and Piatra. | Category:Communes of Orhei District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Communes of Orhei District"
] |
projected-44498068-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20A-League%20Men%20highest%20scoring%20games | List of A-League Men highest scoring games | Introduction | This is a summary of the highest scoring games and biggest winning margins in the A-League since its establishment in the 2005–06 season. The record for the biggest win is Adelaide United's 8–1 victory against North Queensland Fury on 21 January 2011.
Only two games have had ten goals scored in the fourteen seasons of the A-League, both 8–2 results involving Central Coast Mariners. Seven games have had nine goals scored. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"A-League Men records and statistics",
"A-League Men lists"
] | |
projected-44498068-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20A-League%20Men%20highest%20scoring%20games | List of A-League Men highest scoring games | References | This is a summary of the highest scoring games and biggest winning margins in the A-League since its establishment in the 2005–06 season. The record for the biggest win is Adelaide United's 8–1 victory against North Queensland Fury on 21 January 2011.
Only two games have had ten goals scored in the fourteen seasons of the A-League, both 8–2 results involving Central Coast Mariners. Seven games have had nine goals scored. | General
Specific
Category:A-League Men records and statistics
Category:A-League Men lists | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"A-League Men records and statistics",
"A-League Men lists"
] |
projected-26722414-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurr%20River | Spurr River | Introduction | The Spurr River is a short stream in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It rises from the outflow of Beaufort Lake at and flows east-southeast into Lake Michigamme at .
The river flows along the south side of US 41/M-28 for most of its course. To the north of the road is a high ridge. There is a lookout tower at the top with views of Beaufort Lake, George Lake, and Ruth Lake to the south of the ridge and the smaller Trout Lake, Middle Lake, and Coon Lake to the north.
The source of the river, Beaufort Lake, is the last and largest in a series of three small lakes. Ruth Lake is fed by Nestoria Creek from the west and Canal Town Creek from the south. The outflow from a series of smaller lakes to the east, Coon Lake, Middle Lake, and Trout Lake enters Ruth Lake from the northeast. George Lake lies between Ruth Lake and Beaufort Lake.
The river is entirely within Spurr Township in Baraga County. Both the Spurr River and Spurr Township take their name from the Spurr Mountain mining settlement of the Spurr Mountain Iron Company near Imperial Heights. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rivers of Michigan",
"Rivers of Baraga County, Michigan",
"Tributaries of Lake Michigan"
] | |
projected-26722414-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurr%20River | Spurr River | References | The Spurr River is a short stream in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It rises from the outflow of Beaufort Lake at and flows east-southeast into Lake Michigamme at .
The river flows along the south side of US 41/M-28 for most of its course. To the north of the road is a high ridge. There is a lookout tower at the top with views of Beaufort Lake, George Lake, and Ruth Lake to the south of the ridge and the smaller Trout Lake, Middle Lake, and Coon Lake to the north.
The source of the river, Beaufort Lake, is the last and largest in a series of three small lakes. Ruth Lake is fed by Nestoria Creek from the west and Canal Town Creek from the south. The outflow from a series of smaller lakes to the east, Coon Lake, Middle Lake, and Trout Lake enters Ruth Lake from the northeast. George Lake lies between Ruth Lake and Beaufort Lake.
The river is entirely within Spurr Township in Baraga County. Both the Spurr River and Spurr Township take their name from the Spurr Mountain mining settlement of the Spurr Mountain Iron Company near Imperial Heights. | Category:Rivers of Michigan
Category:Rivers of Baraga County, Michigan
Category:Tributaries of Lake Michigan | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Rivers of Michigan",
"Rivers of Baraga County, Michigan",
"Tributaries of Lake Michigan"
] |
projected-26722420-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Mathes | Simone Mathes | Introduction | Simone Mathes (born 13 March 1975 in Stadtsteinach, Bavaria) is a retired female hammer thrower from Germany. She set her personal best (67.97 metres) on 31 May 2004 at a meet in Fränkisch-Crumbach. Mathes also competed in the discus throw and the shot put. She is a five-time national champion in the women's hammer throw (1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 1999). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1975 births",
"Living people",
"People from Stadtsteinach",
"Sportspeople from Upper Franconia",
"German female hammer throwers",
"German female discus throwers",
"German female shot putters"
] | |
projected-26722420-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Mathes | Simone Mathes | Achievements | Simone Mathes (born 13 March 1975 in Stadtsteinach, Bavaria) is a retired female hammer thrower from Germany. She set her personal best (67.97 metres) on 31 May 2004 at a meet in Fränkisch-Crumbach. Mathes also competed in the discus throw and the shot put. She is a five-time national champion in the women's hammer throw (1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 1999). | All results in the women's hammer throw event | [] | [
"Achievements"
] | [
"1975 births",
"Living people",
"People from Stadtsteinach",
"Sportspeople from Upper Franconia",
"German female hammer throwers",
"German female discus throwers",
"German female shot putters"
] |
projected-26722420-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Mathes | Simone Mathes | References | Simone Mathes (born 13 March 1975 in Stadtsteinach, Bavaria) is a retired female hammer thrower from Germany. She set her personal best (67.97 metres) on 31 May 2004 at a meet in Fränkisch-Crumbach. Mathes also competed in the discus throw and the shot put. She is a five-time national champion in the women's hammer throw (1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 1999). | Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Stadtsteinach
Category:Sportspeople from Upper Franconia
Category:German female hammer throwers
Category:German female discus throwers
Category:German female shot putters | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1975 births",
"Living people",
"People from Stadtsteinach",
"Sportspeople from Upper Franconia",
"German female hammer throwers",
"German female discus throwers",
"German female shot putters"
] |
projected-26722429-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%202010%20South%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20single%20sculls | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's single sculls | Introduction | The Women's single sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 22 at 10:40. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Women's rowing at the 2010 South American Games"
] | |
projected-26722429-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%202010%20South%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20single%20sculls | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's single sculls | References | The Women's single sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 22 at 10:40. | Final
Single Scull W | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Women's rowing at the 2010 South American Games"
] |
projected-26722451-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20930 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 930 | Introduction | United Nations Security Council resolution 930, adopted unanimously on 27 June 1994, after recalling resolutions 772 (1992) and 894 (1994), the Council noted with satisfaction that a democratic and non-racial government had been established in South Africa, and terminated the United Nations Observer Mission in South Africa (UNOMSA).
The efforts of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and UNOMSA, together with the Organisation of African Unity, Commonwealth of Nations and the European Union were commended. Finally, the Council decided to remove the item titled "The question of South Africa" from the matters of which it was seized. International sanctions on the country were lifted in Resolution 919. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1994 United Nations Security Council resolutions",
"1994 in South Africa",
"United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning South Africa",
"June 1994 events"
] | |
projected-26722451-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20930 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 930 | See also | United Nations Security Council resolution 930, adopted unanimously on 27 June 1994, after recalling resolutions 772 (1992) and 894 (1994), the Council noted with satisfaction that a democratic and non-racial government had been established in South Africa, and terminated the United Nations Observer Mission in South Africa (UNOMSA).
The efforts of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and UNOMSA, together with the Organisation of African Unity, Commonwealth of Nations and the European Union were commended. Finally, the Council decided to remove the item titled "The question of South Africa" from the matters of which it was seized. International sanctions on the country were lifted in Resolution 919. | List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 901 to 1000 (1994–1995)
Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
South African general election, 1994
South Africa under apartheid | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1994 United Nations Security Council resolutions",
"1994 in South Africa",
"United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning South Africa",
"June 1994 events"
] |
projected-26722453-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan%20Elephants%20%28baseball%29 | Henan Elephants (baseball) | Introduction | Henan Elephants is a team of the Chinese Baseball League which started to participate the league in the 2010 season.
Category:Baseball in China
Category:Sport in Beijing | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Baseball in China",
"Sport in Beijing"
] | |
projected-26722457-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarria%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sarria (disambiguation) | Introduction | Sarria or Sarrià may refer to:
Sarrià, Barcelona, a neighbourhood in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, the Barcelona district containing Sarrià
Sarrià Stadium, a former football stadium in Sarrià, Barcelona
Sarrià (Barcelona Metro), a station of the Barcelona Metro
Callosa d'en Sarrià, a municipality in the Valencian Community
Sarrià de Ter, a municipality in Girona, Catalonia, Spain
Sarria, a municipality in the province of Lugo, Galicia, Spain
Sarria (comarca), a comarca in the province of Lugo, Galicia, Spain | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-26722460-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%202010%20South%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20quadruple%20sculls | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Men's quadruple sculls | Introduction | The Men's quadruple sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 22 at 11:00. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rowing at the 2010 South American Games"
] | |
projected-26722460-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%202010%20South%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20quadruple%20sculls | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Men's quadruple sculls | References | The Men's quadruple sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 22 at 11:00. | Final
Quadruple Scull M | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Rowing at the 2010 South American Games"
] |
projected-26722462-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%2098%20%28Iran%29 | Road 98 (Iran) | Introduction | Road 98 is a road in south-eastern Iran connecting Guatr to Chabahar and Jask and to Bandarabbas via Road 91. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Roads in Iran"
] | |
projected-26722493-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goms | Goms | Introduction | Goms may refer to:
Goms (region), the upper most part of the Valais, Switzerland
Goms (district), in the canton of Valais, Switzerland
Goms, Valais, a municipality in Valais, Switzerland, created in 2017
GOMS, method in human–computer interaction | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-44498069-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Coghlan | Michael Coghlan | Introduction | Michael Coghlan (born 15 January 1985) is an English footballer who plays for Northern League club Washington.
A midfielder, Coghlan played in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for numerous clubs in the north-east of England. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1985 births",
"Living people",
"Footballers from Sunderland",
"English footballers",
"Association football midfielders",
"Darlington F.C. players",
"Harrogate Town A.F.C. players",
"Bishop Auckland F.C. players",
"Sunderland Ryhope Community Association F.C. players",
"Durham City A.F.C. players"... | |
projected-44498069-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Coghlan | Michael Coghlan | Football career | Michael Coghlan (born 15 January 1985) is an English footballer who plays for Northern League club Washington.
A midfielder, Coghlan played in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for numerous clubs in the north-east of England. | Sunderland-born Coghlan began his football career with Darlington. As a 16-year-old, he was playing for their reserve team, and was included in the travelling squad, though not among the matchday 16, for Darlington's League Cup visit to Wolverhampton Wanderers in September 2003. A week later, he was an unused substitute for the Third Division match at home to Southend United, and on 11 October, as a member of "one of the youngest and smallest squads in the Third Division"Coghlan himself had been dubbed "pint-sized"he made his debut in the Football League. He entered the match as a second-half substitute with his team already two goals down at home to Bristol Rovers; it finished as a 4–0 defeat. In the Football League Trophy, against a Hull City side with eleven changes from their previous league match, Coghlan's "low, fierce shot" was blocked, rebounding to Mark Sheeran who scored to reduce Hull's lead to 2–1, but Darlington were eliminated.
He played twice more in the league in December, before joining Northern Premier League club Harrogate Town on loan in March 2004. The manager thought he "maybe struggled with the pace of the game" in his first appearance, in a defeat at Alfreton Town, and he was back with Darlington a few days later. He played regularly for the reserves in 2004–05according to his 2004 profile on the club's website, he had "shown he is a good passer of the ball with plenty to offer in midfield"but in November was one of seven players with contracts due to expire at the end of the season whom manager David Hodgson listed for transfer or loan and told to prove their worth to the club. After spending time with Bishop Auckland, another Northern Premier League club, on loan, Coghlan finished the season with Darlington's reserves, and was released when his contract expired.
He then went on a tour of non-league football in the north-east of England, playing for clubs including Ryhope CA, Durham City, Crook Town, another spell at Bishop Auckland, Sunderland RCA, Jarrow Roofing, Chester-le-Street Town, Seaham Red Star, and most recently Washington.
He also captained Humbledon Plains Farm, a Sunderland-based team, to victory in the 2014 FA Sunday Cup. | [] | [
"Football career"
] | [
"1985 births",
"Living people",
"Footballers from Sunderland",
"English footballers",
"Association football midfielders",
"Darlington F.C. players",
"Harrogate Town A.F.C. players",
"Bishop Auckland F.C. players",
"Sunderland Ryhope Community Association F.C. players",
"Durham City A.F.C. players"... |
projected-17330576-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1534%20N%C3%A4si | 1534 Näsi | Introduction | 1534 Näsi, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 20 January 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and later named for the Finnish lake Näsijärvi. | [
"001534-asteroid shape model (1534) Näsi.png"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Chloris asteroids",
"Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä",
"Minor planets named for places",
"Named minor planets",
"Cgh-type asteroids (SMASS)",
"Astronomical objects discovered in 1939"
] | |
projected-17330576-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1534%20N%C3%A4si | 1534 Näsi | Orbit and classification | 1534 Näsi, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 20 January 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and later named for the Finnish lake Näsijärvi. | Näsi orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.4 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,646 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as at Simeiz Observatory in 1915. The body's observation arc begins 15 years prior to its official discovery with its identification as at Heidelberg Observatory. | [] | [
"Orbit and classification"
] | [
"Chloris asteroids",
"Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä",
"Minor planets named for places",
"Named minor planets",
"Cgh-type asteroids (SMASS)",
"Astronomical objects discovered in 1939"
] |