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projected-00307321-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
Risk management
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
Risk management is a part of the curriculum and plays a large role in how the school approaches new course areas and course types. In the field, risk management revolves around self-care, preventing injury, and handling risky situations. Students learn about proper foot care and body temperature regulation. Judgment an...
[]
[ "Curriculum", "Risk management" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
Hazards
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures. Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this cl...
[]
[ "Curriculum", "Hazards" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
NSHSS and NOLS
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
NSHSS (National Society of High School Scholars) and NOLS team together to encourage members of NSHSS to pursue leadership development. NOLS is the premier teacher of outdoor skills and leadership, offering courses in the world's most spectacular wilderness settings. NSHSS members receive an automatic $150 partial scho...
[]
[ "NOLS and other organizations", "NSHSS and NOLS" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
University of Utah and NOLS
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
NOLS partners with the University of Utah's department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism in order for NOLS students to receive college credit through the University of Utah on NOLS courses.
[]
[ "NOLS and other organizations", "University of Utah and NOLS" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
Notable alumni
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
Pete Athans, aka Mr. Everest David Breashears, mountaineer and filmmaker Jimmy Chin, American professional climber, mountaineer, skier, photographer, and film director Thinlas Chorol, social entrepreneur, founder of the Ladakhi Women's Travel Company and Indian women's rights advocate Anderson Cooper, CNN anchor C...
[]
[ "Notable alumni" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
See also
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
Tori Murden, NOLS Board Chair, first woman to row solo across the Atlantic Ocean and ski to the geographic South Pole Lander, Wyoming, location of the NOLS headquarters
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
External Links
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
NOLS Official website
[]
[ "External Links" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307321-019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Outdoor%20Leadership%20School
National Outdoor Leadership School
References
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions and in traditional classrooms. It was previously known as the National Outdo...
Category:Educational institutions established in 1965 Category:Outdoor education organizations Category:Mountaineering training institutes Category:Educational organizations based in the United States Category:Environmental studies institutions in the United States Category:1965 establishments in Wyoming
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Educational institutions established in 1965", "Outdoor education organizations", "Mountaineering training institutes", "Educational organizations based in the United States", "Environmental studies institutions in the United States", "1965 establishments in Wyoming" ]
projected-00307322-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOLS
NOLS
Introduction
NOLS may refer to: Nols Creations, artist located in the Netherlands National Outdoor Leadership School, United States, a wilderness education institution National Organisation of Labour Students, United Kingdom, now known simply as Labour Students
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[]
projected-00307325-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
Introduction
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
Language crisis
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
Louvain-la-Neuve was born as a result of the Leuven Crisis, which led to the split of the Catholic University of Leuven. Following the elections prompted by this affair, the expansion of the French-speaking part of the Catholic University of Leuven was voted upon and approved on 18 June 1968. A few weeks later, the sep...
[]
[ "History", "Language crisis" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
Construction
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
After much deliberation, the university administration agreed on a building site near the town of Ottignies, in the French-speaking part of the Province of Brabant (today's Walloon Brabant). They bought a 9 km2 plot of beetroot farmland, which became the site from which the new town would arise. Construction started on...
[]
[ "History", "Construction" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
Description
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
The town is clustered around this center in four districts: Biéreau, Lauzelle, Hocaille and Bruyères. A fifth district, Baraque, that was not planned by the University has expanded on the north side of the town. It is distinct from the rest of the town in the willingness of its inhabitants to live outside of the common...
[]
[ "Description" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
The 24 heures vélo
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
Celebrating its 40th edition in 2017, the 24 heures vélo (24-hour bike ride) is the biggest student party in Belgium. The event, which regularly draws upwards of 40 000 students to the city, is organized by a student group called the CSE Animations (Centre Sportif Etudiant) and runs annually from 1:00pm Wednesday to 1:...
[]
[ "The 24 heures vélo" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
Created in 1971, Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park is the first of its kind in Belgium and is the biggest one in Wallonia (the French-speaking part of Belgium). It covers 2.31 square kilometres spread over the area of the town of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve and the municipality of Mont-Saint-Guibert (30 km away from Brussel...
[ "Vueaerienne2.jpg" ]
[ "Louvain-la-Neuve Science Park" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
The Hergé Museum
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
The Hergé Museum is dedicated to the life and work of the Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi (1907–1983), who wrote under the pen name Hergé, creator of the series of comic albums, The Adventures of Tintin. It is located in the centre of Louvain-la-Neuve, on the edge of a green park, Le Parc de la Source. This location fo...
[ "Musee Herge.JPG" ]
[ "The Hergé Museum" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307325-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve
See also
Louvain-la-Neuve (, French for New Leuven; ) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns its entire territory; fol...
Pierre Laconte: creation and development of Louvain-la-Neuve Catholic University of Louvain Calotte (Belgium) Carmeuse, company Louvain-la-Neuve Phoenix
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve", "1972 establishments in Belgium", "Former municipalities of Walloon Brabant", "Planned cities", "Car-free zones in Europe" ]
projected-00307326-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Introduction
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Antecedents and development
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
Still-life paintings often adorn the interior of ancient Egyptian tombs. It was believed that food objects and other items depicted there would, in the afterlife, become real and available for use by the deceased. Ancient Greek vase paintings also demonstrate great skill in depicting everyday objects and animals. Peira...
[ "Still life Tor Marancia Vatican.jpg", "Pompejanischer Maler um 70 001.jpg" ]
[ "Antecedents and development" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Middle Ages and Early Renaissance
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
By 1300, starting with Giotto and his pupils, still-life painting was revived in the form of fictional niches on religious wall paintings which depicted everyday objects. Through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, still life in Western art remained primarily an adjunct to Christian religious subjects, and convened re...
[ "Hans Memling 076.jpg" ]
[ "Antecedents and development", "Middle Ages and Early Renaissance" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Sixteenth century
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
Though most still lifes after 1600 were relatively small paintings, a crucial stage in the development of the genre was the tradition, mostly centred on Antwerp, of the "monumental still life", which were large paintings that included great spreads of still-life material with figures and often animals. This was a devel...
[ "Canestra di frutta (Caravaggio).jpg" ]
[ "Later Renaissance", "Sixteenth century" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Seventeenth century
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
Prominent Academicians of the early 17th century, such as Andrea Sacchi, felt that genre and still-life painting did not carry the "gravitas" merited for painting to be considered great. An influential formulation of 1667 by André Félibien, a historiographer, architect and theoretician of French classicism became the c...
[ "Jacopo da Dmpoli (Jacopo Chimenti) - Still life - Google Art Project.jpg" ]
[ "Seventeenth century" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Dutch and Flemish painting
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
Still life developed as a separate category in the Low Countries in the last quarter of the 16th century. The English term still life derives from the Dutch word stilleven while Romance languages (as well as Greek, Polish, Russian and Turkish) tend to use terms meaning dead nature. 15th-century Early Netherlandish pai...
[ "Kalf, Willem - Still Life with Ewer, Vessels and Pomegranate - Google Art Project.jpg", "Claesz., Pieter - Still Life with Musical Instruments - 1623.jpg" ]
[ "Seventeenth century", "Dutch and Flemish painting" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Southern Europe
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
In Spanish art, a bodegón is a still-life painting depicting pantry items, such as victuals, game, and drink, often arranged on a simple stone slab, and also a painting with one or more figures, but significant still-life elements, typically set in a kitchen or tavern. Starting in the Baroque period, such paintings bec...
[ "Diego Velazquez - An Old Woman Cooking Eggs - Google Art Project.jpg", "Bodegón de recipientes (Zurbarán).jpg", "JosefaObidos4.jpg" ]
[ "Southern Europe" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Eighteenth century
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
The 18th century to a large extent continued to refine 17th-century formulae, and levels of production decreased. In the Rococo style floral decoration became far more common on porcelain, wallpaper, fabrics and carved wood furnishings, so that buyers preferred their paintings to have figures for a contrast. One chang...
[ "Luis Meléndez - Still Life with Apples, Grapes, Melons, Bread, Jug and Bottle - Google Art Project.jpg" ]
[ "Eighteenth century" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Nineteenth century
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
With the rise of the European Academies, most notably the Académie française which held a central role in Academic art, still life began to fall from favor. The Academies taught the doctrine of the "Hierarchy of genres" (or "Hierarchy of Subject Matter"), which held that a painting's artistic merit was based primarily ...
[ "Vincent Willem van Gogh 127.jpg", "Antoine Vollon - Mound of Butter - National Gallery of Art.jpg" ]
[ "Nineteenth century" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
Twentieth century
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
The first four decades of the 20th century formed an exceptional period of artistic ferment and revolution. Avant-garde movements rapidly evolved and overlapped in a march towards nonfigurative, total abstraction. The still life, as well as other representational art, continued to evolve and adjust until mid-century wh...
[ "Matisse518.jpg", "Jean Metzinger, 1916, Fruit and a Jug on a Table, oil and sand on canvas, 115.9 x 81 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston..jpeg" ]
[ "Twentieth century" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
21st century
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
During the 20th and 21st centuries, the notion of the still life has been extended beyond the traditional two dimensional art forms of painting into video art and three dimensional art forms such as sculpture, performance and installation. Some mixed media still-life works employ found objects, photography, video, and ...
[ "Glasses 800 edit.png" ]
[ "Twentieth century", "21st century" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
See also
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
Dutch Golden Age painting List of Dutch painters Vanitas Memento Mori Still life photography
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307326-019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20life
Still life
References
A still life (plural: still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells, etc.) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, etc.). With origins in the Middle Ages and...
Berman, Greta. “Focus on Art”. The Juilliard Journal Online 18:6 (March 2003) Ebert-Schifferer, Sybille. Still Life: A History, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1998, Langmuir, Erica, Still Life, 2001, National Gallery (London), Michel, Marianne Roland. "Tapestries on Designs by Anne Vallayer-Coster." The Burlington Mag...
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Visual arts genres", "Still life paintings", "Art of the Dutch Golden Age", "Netherlandish art" ]
projected-00307327-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legazpi%2C%20Gipuzkoa
Legazpi, Gipuzkoa
Introduction
Legazpi is a city in the Gipuzkoa province of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, northern Spain. Legazpi is a town of about 9,000 inhabitants located on top of the Urola valley, in Gipuzkoa. Surrounded by mountains, and at the foot of the Aizkorri mountain range, its predominant economic activity is indus...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Municipalities in Gipuzkoa" ]
projected-00307333-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Introduction
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Gameplay
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
Banjo-Kazooie is a single-player platform game where the player controls the protagonists Banjo and Kazooie from a third-person perspective. The game features nine three-dimensional worlds where the player must gather musical notes and jigsaw puzzle pieces, called Jiggies, to progress. The player travels from one world...
[ "Banjo-Kazooie-gameplay.jpg" ]
[ "Gameplay" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Plot
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
In a region called Spiral Mountain, a foul-tempered witch named Gruntilda learns from her cauldron, Dingpot, that Tooty, a brown honey bear living nearby, is more beautiful than her. Jealous, Gruntilda creates a machine to transfer an entity's beauty to another, which she intends to use with Tooty. Gruntilda kidnaps To...
[]
[ "Plot" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Origins
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
The origins of Banjo-Kazooie can be traced back to Project Dream, a cancelled video game developed by Rare's Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest team for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Inspired by Japanese role-playing games and LucasArts adventure games, Dream was developed for 16 months and starred a ...
[]
[ "Development", "Origins" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Production
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
Actual work on Banjo-Kazooie started in March 1997 with a development team of 10 people. As development progressed, the team grew to a total of 15 members, which included seven engineers, five artists, two designers and one musician. The team comprised both experienced and inexperienced people; some had been working at...
[]
[ "Development", "Production" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Reception
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
Banjo-Kazooie received critical acclaim from video game journalists, who often compared it to Super Mario 64 due to its similar gameplay. Writing for IGN, editor Peer Schneider felt that Banjo-Kazooie was "the best 3D platformer [he has] ever played, and a more than worthy successor to Super Mario 64". Similarly, Elect...
[]
[ "Reception" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Sales
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
Upon release, Banjo-Kazooie performed very well in both the UK and US. Virgin Megastore reported that the game was topping the UK charts as of 21 September 1998. In Japan, Banjo-Kazooie entered Famitsus Top 10 sales charts for the week ending 13 December 1998, selling 74,000 copies for a total of 117,399. At the 1999 M...
[]
[ "Reception", "Sales" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307333-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie%20%28video%20game%29
Banjo-Kazooie (video game)
Legacy
Banjo-Kazooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 1998. It is the first game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and follows the story of a bear, Banjo, and a bird, Kazooie, as they try to stop the witch Gruntilda, who intends to steal the beauty of Banjo's younger ...
A sequel, Banjo-Tooie, was released for the Nintendo 64 in 2000 and largely adopts the gameplay mechanics of its predecessor. The Banjo-Kazooie series continued to be developed with the release of Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge and Banjo-Pilot for the Game Boy Advance in 2003 and 2005, respectively. The characters Ban...
[]
[ "Legacy" ]
[ "1998 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Single-player video games", "Interactive Achievement Award winners", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Nintendo games", "Microsoft games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Rare (company) games", "Video games about bears", "Video games about birds", "V...
projected-00307335-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Tooie
Banjo-Tooie
Introduction
Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and the sequel to Banjo-Kazooie. The game follows the returning protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda an...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "2000 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Dinosaurs in video games", "Microsoft games", "Multiplayer and single-player video games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Nintendo games", "Rare (company) games", "Sororicide in fiction", "Video game sequels", "Video...
projected-00307335-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Tooie
Banjo-Tooie
Gameplay
Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and the sequel to Banjo-Kazooie. The game follows the returning protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda an...
Similar to its predecessor Banjo-Kazooie, Banjo-Tooie is a single-player platform game in which the protagonists are controlled from a third-person perspective. Carrying over most of the mechanics and concepts established in its predecessor, the game features three-dimensional worlds consisting of various platforming c...
[ "Banjo-Tooie gameplay.jpg" ]
[ "Gameplay" ]
[ "2000 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Dinosaurs in video games", "Microsoft games", "Multiplayer and single-player video games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Nintendo games", "Rare (company) games", "Sororicide in fiction", "Video game sequels", "Video...
projected-00307335-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Tooie
Banjo-Tooie
Plot
Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and the sequel to Banjo-Kazooie. The game follows the returning protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda an...
Two years after Gruntilda's defeat, Banjo and Kazooie are playing poker with Mumbo Jumbo and Bottles. Outside, two of Gruntilda's sisters, Mingella and Blobbelda, use their large HAG 1 digging machine to enter Spiral Mountain. They destroy the boulder trapping Gruntilda, finding that she has rotted into a living skelet...
[]
[ "Plot" ]
[ "2000 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Dinosaurs in video games", "Microsoft games", "Multiplayer and single-player video games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Nintendo games", "Rare (company) games", "Sororicide in fiction", "Video game sequels", "Video...
projected-00307335-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Tooie
Banjo-Tooie
Development
Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and the sequel to Banjo-Kazooie. The game follows the returning protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda an...
Banjo-Tooie was developed by Rare and designed by Gregg Mayles, who previously worked on Banjo-Kazooie. Development of the game started in June 1998. Some features that were originally cut during the development of Banjo-Kazooie, such as some of its worlds and a multiplayer game mode, were instead integrated into Banjo...
[]
[ "Development" ]
[ "2000 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Dinosaurs in video games", "Microsoft games", "Multiplayer and single-player video games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Nintendo games", "Rare (company) games", "Sororicide in fiction", "Video game sequels", "Video...
projected-00307335-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Tooie
Banjo-Tooie
Reception
Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and the sequel to Banjo-Kazooie. The game follows the returning protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda an...
Upon release, Banjo-Tooie was critically acclaimed and sold more than three million copies worldwide. GameRevolution considered Banjo-Tooie less repetitive than Donkey Kong 64 and a worthy successor to Banjo-Kazooie. Nintendo Power referred to Banjo-Tooie as "the perfect cross between Donkey Kong 64 and Banjo-Kazooie",...
[]
[ "Reception" ]
[ "2000 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Dinosaurs in video games", "Microsoft games", "Multiplayer and single-player video games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Nintendo games", "Rare (company) games", "Sororicide in fiction", "Video game sequels", "Video...
projected-00307335-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo-Tooie
Banjo-Tooie
Xbox 360 version
Banjo-Tooie is a platform video game developed by Rare and originally released for the Nintendo 64 console in 2000. It is the second game in the Banjo-Kazooie series and the sequel to Banjo-Kazooie. The game follows the returning protagonists Banjo and Kazooie as they attempt to stop the plans of the witch Gruntilda an...
An Xbox Live Arcade version of Banjo-Tooie, developed by 4J Studios, was released for the Xbox 360 on 29 April 2009. This version features a smoother frame rate and high-definition graphics, and supports the "Stop 'N' Swop" connectivity with the Xbox Live Arcade version of its predecessor, allowing players to unlock th...
[]
[ "Xbox 360 version" ]
[ "2000 video games", "3D platform games", "Action-adventure games", "Banjo-Kazooie", "Dinosaurs in video games", "Microsoft games", "Multiplayer and single-player video games", "Nintendo 64 games", "Nintendo games", "Rare (company) games", "Sororicide in fiction", "Video game sequels", "Video...
projected-00307337-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20Gale%20Ferris%20Jr.
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
Introduction
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1859 births", "1896 deaths", "19th-century American engineers", "19th-century American inventors", "American civil engineers", "Amusement ride manufacturers", "Ferris wheels", "Deaths from typhoid fever", "Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania", "People from Galesburg, Illinois", "Rensselae...
projected-00307337-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20Gale%20Ferris%20Jr.
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
Early life
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
Ferris was born on February 14, 1859, in Galesburg, Illinois, the town founded by his namesake, George Washington Gale. His parents were George Washington Gale Ferris Sr. and Martha Edgerton Hyde. He had an older brother named Frederick Hyde, born in 1843. In 1864, five years after Ferris was born, his family sold thei...
[ "Sears-Ferris House.jpg", "FerrisHouse.jpg", "Ferris-wheel.jpg" ]
[ "Early life" ]
[ "1859 births", "1896 deaths", "19th-century American engineers", "19th-century American inventors", "American civil engineers", "Amusement ride manufacturers", "Ferris wheels", "Deaths from typhoid fever", "Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania", "People from Galesburg, Illinois", "Rensselae...
projected-00307337-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20Gale%20Ferris%20Jr.
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
Ferris wheel
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
News of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held in 1893, in Chicago, Illinois, drew Ferris to the city. In 1891, the directors of the World's Columbian Exposition issued a challenge to American engineers to conceive of a monument for the fair that would surpass the Eiffel Tower, the great structure of the Paris Int...
[]
[ "Ferris wheel" ]
[ "1859 births", "1896 deaths", "19th-century American engineers", "19th-century American inventors", "American civil engineers", "Amusement ride manufacturers", "Ferris wheels", "Deaths from typhoid fever", "Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania", "People from Galesburg, Illinois", "Rensselae...
projected-00307337-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20Gale%20Ferris%20Jr.
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
Death
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
Ferris Sr. died in 1895, followed soon after by Ferris Jr. himself, on November 22, 1896, at Mercy Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, of typhoid fever. His ashes remained at a Pittsburgh crematorium for over a year, waiting for someone to take possession of them.
[]
[ "Death" ]
[ "1859 births", "1896 deaths", "19th-century American engineers", "19th-century American inventors", "American civil engineers", "Amusement ride manufacturers", "Ferris wheels", "Deaths from typhoid fever", "Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania", "People from Galesburg, Illinois", "Rensselae...
projected-00307337-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20Gale%20Ferris%20Jr.
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
See also
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
Ferris wheel
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "1859 births", "1896 deaths", "19th-century American engineers", "19th-century American inventors", "American civil engineers", "Amusement ride manufacturers", "Ferris wheels", "Deaths from typhoid fever", "Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania", "People from Galesburg, Illinois", "Rensselae...
projected-00307337-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Washington%20Gale%20Ferris%20Jr.
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
Further reading
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
Weingardt, Richard G. Circles in the Sky: The Life and Times of George Ferris. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. Larson, Erik Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America. Crown Publishers, 2003
[]
[ "Further reading" ]
[ "1859 births", "1896 deaths", "19th-century American engineers", "19th-century American inventors", "American civil engineers", "Amusement ride manufacturers", "Ferris wheels", "Deaths from typhoid fever", "Infectious disease deaths in Pennsylvania", "People from Galesburg, Illinois", "Rensselae...
projected-00307338-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican%20Council
Vatican Council
Introduction
Vatican Council may refer to: First Vatican Council (1869–1870), the 20th ecumenical council recognized by Roman Catholicism Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the 21st ecumenical council recognized by Roman Catholicism
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[]
projected-00307342-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Introduction
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Freedom of religion
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment I to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that:
[]
[ "United States Constitution", "Freedom of religion" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Free Speech Clause
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment I to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that:
[]
[ "United States Constitution", "Freedom of expression", "Free Speech Clause" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Free Press Clause
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment I to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that:
[]
[ "United States Constitution", "Freedom of expression", "Free Press Clause" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Free Assembly Clause
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment I to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that:
[]
[ "United States Constitution", "Freedom of expression", "Free Assembly Clause" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Petition Clause
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment I to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that:
[]
[ "United States Constitution", "Freedom of expression", "Petition Clause" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Free speech exceptions
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The following types of speech are not protected constitutionally: defamation or false statements, child pornography, obscenity, damaging the national security interests, verbal acts, and fighting words. Because these categories fall outside of the First Amendment privileges, the courts can legally restrict or criminali...
[]
[ "United States Constitution", "Freedom of expression", "Free speech exceptions" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Right to keep and bear arms
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment II to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that:
[]
[ "Right to keep and bear arms" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Sexual freedom
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The concept of sexual freedom includes a broad range of different rights that are not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. The idea of sexual freedom has sprung more from the popular opinion of society in more recent years, and has had very little Constitutional backing. The following liberties are included under sexual...
[]
[ "Sexual freedom" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Equal protection
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
Equal protection prevents the government from creating laws that are discriminatory in application or effect.
[]
[ "Equal protection" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Right to vote
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The text of Amendment XIV to the United States Constitution, ratified July 9, 1868, states that: The text of Amendment XV to the United States Constitution, ratified February 3, 1870, states that: The text of Amendment XIX to the United States Constitution, ratified August 18, 1919, states that: The text of Amendmen...
[]
[ "Right to vote" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Right to parent one's children
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
The right to parent one's own children also includes the right for a parent to teach their children as they see fit, and not have others govern over what their children are taught.
[]
[ "Right to parent one's children" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Right to marriage
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
In the 1967 United States Supreme Court ruling in the case of Loving v. Virginia found a fundamental right to marriage, regardless of race. In the 2015 United States Supreme Court ruling in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges found a fundamental right to marriage, regardless of gender.
[]
[ "Right to marriage" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
See also
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
American Civil Liberties Union Civil liberties in the United Kingdom Civil rights in the United States Constitution of the United States
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307342-019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20liberties%20in%20the%20United%20States
Civil liberties in the United States
Further reading
Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply def...
Abbott, Lewis F. Defending Liberty: The Case for a New Bill of Rights ISR Publications 2019. Alexander, Keith L. Lawsuit Seeks Right to Carry Concealed Weapons in the District. Www.washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post, 8 Aug. 2009. Web. 29 Sept. 2009. American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU.org. n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2...
[]
[ "Further reading" ]
[ "Civil liberties in the United States", "Rights", "United States constitutional law" ]
projected-00307343-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrule
Ferrule
Introduction
A ferrule (a corruption of Latin "small bracelet", under the influence of "iron") is any of a number of types of objects, generally used for fastening, joining, sealing, or reinforcement. They are often narrow circular rings made from metal, or less commonly, plastic. Ferrules are also often referred to as eyelets or...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Hardware (mechanical)", "Writing implements" ]
projected-00307343-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrule
Ferrule
Examples
A ferrule (a corruption of Latin "small bracelet", under the influence of "iron") is any of a number of types of objects, generally used for fastening, joining, sealing, or reinforcement. They are often narrow circular rings made from metal, or less commonly, plastic. Ferrules are also often referred to as eyelets or...
The sleeve, usually plastic or metal, on the end of a shoelace, preventing it from unraveling (called the aglet) The metal sleeve which is crimped to hold the eraser in place on a pencil The metal band that binds the bristles or hair of a brush to its handle The metal ring which holds a chisel blade's tang to its handl...
[]
[ "Examples" ]
[ "Hardware (mechanical)", "Writing implements" ]
projected-00307343-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrule
Ferrule
Reasons for use
A ferrule (a corruption of Latin "small bracelet", under the influence of "iron") is any of a number of types of objects, generally used for fastening, joining, sealing, or reinforcement. They are often narrow circular rings made from metal, or less commonly, plastic. Ferrules are also often referred to as eyelets or...
Some of the reasons people use ferrules include: To shield parts or cables from electromagnetic pulses, environmental damage, the elements, thermal factors, and more. To cover parts, adding wear resistance, damage protection, or packaging. As a connector, to connect wires, structural devices, and systems To bind p...
[]
[ "Reasons for use" ]
[ "Hardware (mechanical)", "Writing implements" ]
projected-00307343-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrule
Ferrule
References
A ferrule (a corruption of Latin "small bracelet", under the influence of "iron") is any of a number of types of objects, generally used for fastening, joining, sealing, or reinforcement. They are often narrow circular rings made from metal, or less commonly, plastic. Ferrules are also often referred to as eyelets or...
Category:Hardware (mechanical) Category:Writing implements
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Hardware (mechanical)", "Writing implements" ]
projected-00307348-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic%20science
Vedic science
Introduction
Vedic science may refer to:
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Indian philosophy", "Vedas", "Vedangas", "Ayurveda", "Hindu philosophical concepts" ]
projected-00307348-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic%20science
Vedic science
Vedic period
Vedic science may refer to:
Ayurveda Vedanga, the six ancient disciplines (shastra) subservient to the understanding and tradition of the Vedas Shiksha (): phonetics and phonology (sandhi) Chandas (): meter Vyakarana (): grammar Nirukta (): etymology Jyotisha (): astrology (Hindu astronomy) Kalpa (): ritual
[]
[ "Vedic period" ]
[ "Indian philosophy", "Vedas", "Vedangas", "Ayurveda", "Hindu philosophical concepts" ]
projected-00307348-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic%20science
Vedic science
Traditional
Vedic science may refer to:
Historical Indian mathematics Traditional Hindu units of measurement Ayurveda, traditional medicine of India
[]
[ "Traditional" ]
[ "Indian philosophy", "Vedas", "Vedangas", "Ayurveda", "Hindu philosophical concepts" ]
projected-00307348-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic%20science
Vedic science
See also
Vedic science may refer to:
Hindu cosmology Hindu views on evolution Science and technology in ancient India Shastra Category:Indian philosophy Category:Vedas Category:Vedangas Category:Ayurveda Category:Hindu philosophical concepts
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Indian philosophy", "Vedas", "Vedangas", "Ayurveda", "Hindu philosophical concepts" ]
projected-00307349-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Introduction
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Youth and education
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
Olson was born to Swedish immigrant parents in Hurley, Iron County, Wisconsin. Olson graduated from Hurley High School in 1927. Olson enrolled at the University of Wisconsin, earning both a B.S. and, in 1938, a Ph.D. in bacteriology. He married his classmate, Alice, and would go on to have three children: Eric, Nils, ...
[]
[ "Biography", "Youth and education" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Work with the Army & CIA
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
Olson served as a captain in the U.S. Army Chemical Corps. In December 1942, he got a call from Ira Baldwin, his thesis adviser at UoW and the future mentor of Sidney Gottlieb, who would go on to be the CIA's leading chemist and director of MK-ULTRA. Ira had been called to leave his University post to direct a secret p...
[]
[ "Biography", "Work with the Army & CIA" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Disaffection
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
By the time Olson stepped down as chief of SOD in early '53, citing "pressures of the job" that aggravated his ulcers, he had officially joined the CIA after working closely with them for years. He did stay with SOD, which functioned as a CIA research station hidden within a military base. Olson did a lot of work at De...
[]
[ "Biography", "Disaffection" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Drugging of Olson
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
A semi-monthly retreat of the men closest to MK-ULTRA was scheduled at a cabin at Deep Creek Lake for Wednesday, November 18, to Friday, November 20, 1953. A tentative participants list included twelve names: Fort Detrick participants Olson, a scientist with the Special Operations Division of the United States Army...
[]
[ "Biography", "Drugging of Olson" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Aftermath of drugging
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
On Thursday evening around 7:30, Olson and some of the other participants were drugged with a "potential truth serum", decades later discovered to be LSD. The next morning, Olson headed back to Maryland a changed man. Having dinner with his family, Olson refused to eat, and seemed distant from his family, not speaking ...
[]
[ "Biography", "Aftermath of drugging" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Attempted resignation
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
On Tuesday, November 24, Olson went to work as usual, but unexpectedly returned home before noon, accompanied by a coworker, John Stubbs. Olson explained Stubbs's presence, saying "They're afraid I might hurt you." Olson informed his wife that he had agreed to undergo psychiatric treatment. That same day, Olson, R...
[]
[ "Biography", "Attempted resignation" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
Death
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
Around 2 a.m. on the morning of Saturday, November 28, 1953, Olson plummeted onto the sidewalk in front of the Hotel Pennsylvania. (At that time it was called the Statler Hilton Hotel.) The night manager rushed to Olson, who was still alive and who "tried to mumble something". Olson died before medical help arrived. ...
[ "Hotel Pennsylvania, NY (external view, ca 1919).jpg" ]
[ "Biography", "Death" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
1975
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
Although Olson's family told friends that he "fell or jumped" and had suffered "a fatal nervous breakdown" which resulted in the fall, the family had no real knowledge of the specific details surrounding the tragedy, until the Rockefeller Commission uncovered some of the CIA's MKULTRA activities in 1975. That year, the...
[]
[ "Murder and wrongful death allegations", "1975" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
1994–1996
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
In 1994, Eric Olson had his father's body exhumed to be buried with his mother. The family decided to have a second autopsy performed. The 1953 medical report completed immediately after Dr. Olson's death indicated that there were cuts and abrasions on the body. Theories that sparked about Olson having been assassinate...
[]
[ "Murder and wrongful death allegations", "1994–1996" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
2012–2013
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
On November 28, 2012, sons Eric and Nils Olson filed suit in the US District Court in Washington, D.C., seeking unspecified compensatory damages as well as access to documents related to their father's death and other matters that they claimed the CIA had withheld from them. The case was dismissed in July 2013, due in ...
[]
[ "Murder and wrongful death allegations", "2012–2013" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
2017–2018
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
Netflix released a documentary miniseries, entitled Wormwood (2017), based on the mystery of Olson's death; it was directed by Errol Morris. In the miniseries, journalist Seymour Hersh says the government had a security process to identify and execute domestic dissidents (perceived to pose a risk). He said that Frank O...
[]
[ "Murder and wrongful death allegations", "2017–2018" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307349-014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Olson
Frank Olson
See also
Frank Rudolph Emmanuel Olson (July 17, 1910 – November 28, 1953) was an American bacteriologist, biological warfare scientist, and an employee of the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) who worked at Camp Detrick (now Fort Detrick) in Maryland. At a meeting in rural Maryland, he was covertly dose...
Harold Blauer
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "1910 births", "1953 deaths", "20th-century American chemists", "American microbiologists", "Death conspiracy theories", "Deaths by defenestration", "Human subject research in the United States", "Mind control", "People of the Central Intelligence Agency", "Project MKUltra", "United States Army ...
projected-00307350-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stun%20belt
Stun belt
Introduction
A stun belt is a belt fastened around the subject's waist, leg, or arm that carries a battery and control pack, and contains features to stop the subject from unfastening or removing it. A remote-control signal is sent to tell the control pack to give the subject an electric shock. Some models are activated by the subj...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Non-lethal weapons", "Police weapons", "Physical restraint", "Instruments of torture" ]
projected-00307350-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stun%20belt
Stun belt
REACT belt
A stun belt is a belt fastened around the subject's waist, leg, or arm that carries a battery and control pack, and contains features to stop the subject from unfastening or removing it. A remote-control signal is sent to tell the control pack to give the subject an electric shock. Some models are activated by the subj...
The Remote Electronically Activated Control Technology belt is a make of stun belt. It is a restraining device that applies 50 kV to the muscles in the area of the kidneys, pulsed over 8 seconds. It is a product of Stun Tech Incorporated of Cleveland, Ohio. In March 2000, Stun Tech became Electronic Defense Technology,...
[]
[ "REACT belt" ]
[ "Non-lethal weapons", "Police weapons", "Physical restraint", "Instruments of torture" ]
projected-00307350-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stun%20belt
Stun belt
See also
A stun belt is a belt fastened around the subject's waist, leg, or arm that carries a battery and control pack, and contains features to stop the subject from unfastening or removing it. A remote-control signal is sent to tell the control pack to give the subject an electric shock. Some models are activated by the subj...
Graduated Electronic Decelerator Taser
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Non-lethal weapons", "Police weapons", "Physical restraint", "Instruments of torture" ]
projected-00307351-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Introduction
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Early life
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
Al-Hakim was born in Najaf in 1939 into the Hakim Family of Shi'ite religious scholars. He was the son of Muhsin al-Hakim and Fawzieh Hassan Bazzi. Al-Hakim was the uncle of Muhammad Sayid al-Hakim. Al-Hakims father was a senior cleric in Najaf. He learned a traditional Shiite imam's training. He was arrested and tortu...
[]
[ "Biography", "Early life" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Political activities in Iraq
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
Al-Hakim was head of the Supreme Council of the Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), a highly influential group within Iraq's Shia community and high ranking U.S. officials had met with the brother of Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim, intent on securing a new ally against Saddam Hussein. He co-founded the modern Islamic political moveme...
[]
[ "Biography", "Political activities in Iraq" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
SCIRI and Iran
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
Safely in Iran under the protection of the Islamic Republic, Al-Hakim became an open enemy of the Ba'athists, forming the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI), a revolutionary group dedicated to overthrowing Saddam Hussein and installing clerical rule.With Iranian military aid, SCIRI became an arm...
[]
[ "Biography", "SCIRI and Iran" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Badr Brigades
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
The SCIRI military wing is called the Badr Brigades. Baqir Al-Hakim created the Badr Brigades which fought against Saddam Hussein. Badr Forces contained to number about 10,000 equipped and trained soldiers. On 11 February 1995 Badr corps attacked on Baathist forces in Amarah province. Today, Badr Brigades is fighting a...
[]
[ "Biography", "Badr Brigades" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Return to Iraq
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
Al-Hakim returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003 following the overthrow of Saddam's regime by the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq after spending more than two decades of exile in neighboring Iran. There he emerged as one of the most influential Iraqi leaders, with his longtime opposition to Saddam gaining him immense credibility, e...
[]
[ "Return to Iraq" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Assassination
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
Al-Hakim was killed on 29 August 2003, when a car bomb exploded as he left the Shrine of Imam Ali in Najaf. The blast killed at least 84 others; some estimate that as many as 125 died in the bombing. Fifteen bodyguards of al-Hakim were among the people killed in the blast.
[]
[ "Assassination" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Perpetrators
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
On 30 August 2003, Iraqi authorities arrested four people in connection with the bombing: two former members of the Ba'ath Party from Basra, and two non-Iraqi Arabs from the Salafi sect. According to U.S. and Iraqi officials, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was responsible for Hakim's assassination. They claim that Abu Omar al-K...
[]
[ "Assassination", "Perpetrators" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...
projected-00307351-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Baqir%20al-Hakim
Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Funeral
Sayyid Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 – 29 August 2003; ), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi Shia Islamic Scholar and the leader of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003. Al-Hakim wa...
Hundreds of thousands of people attended his funeral in Najaf and showed their hatred of the US military occupation on 2 September 2003. They protested the US forces and demanded their withdrawal from Iraq. His grave was petrol-bombed by anti-government protesters during the 2019 Iraqi protests.
[]
[ "Funeral" ]
[ "1939 births", "2003 deaths", "Badr Brigade members", "Iraqi ayatollahs", "Iraqi Shia clerics", "Iraqi Shia Muslims", "Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians", "Al-Hakim family", "Terrorism deaths in Iraq", "Assassinated Iraqi politicians", "Deaths by car bomb in Iraq", "Iraqi revolutiona...