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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00308056-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead%20projector | Overhead projector | Source of illumination | An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic fil... | The lamp technology of an overhead projector is typically very simple compared to a modern LCD or DLP video projector. Most overheads use an extremely high-power halogen lamp that may consume up to 750 or 1000 watts. A high-flow blower is required to keep the bulb from melting due to the heat generated, and this blower... | [] | [
"Optical system",
"Source of illumination"
] | [
"Projectors",
"Office equipment",
"Display devices",
"Educational technology"
] |
projected-00308056-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead%20projector | Overhead projector | History | An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic fil... | Some ancient projectors like the magic lantern can be regarded as predecessors of the overhead projector. The steganographic mirror possibly came closest to how the overhead projector was used.
German Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher's 1645 book Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae included a description of his invention, the "... | [
"City Light office worker, 1954.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Projectors",
"Office equipment",
"Display devices",
"Educational technology"
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projected-00308056-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead%20projector | Overhead projector | Use in education | An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic fil... | Overhead projectors were widely used in education and business before the advent of computer-based projection.
The overhead projector facilitates an easy low-cost interactive environment for educators. Teaching materials can be pre-printed on plastic sheets, upon which the educator can directly write using a non-perma... | [] | [
"History",
"Use in education"
] | [
"Projectors",
"Office equipment",
"Display devices",
"Educational technology"
] |
projected-00308056-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead%20projector | Overhead projector | LCD overhead displays | An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic fil... | In the early 1980s–1990s, overhead projectors were used as part of a classroom computer display/projection system. A liquid-crystal panel mounted in a plastic frame was placed on top of the overhead projector and connected to the video output of the computer, often splitting off the normal monitor output. A cooling fan... | [] | [
"History",
"LCD overhead displays"
] | [
"Projectors",
"Office equipment",
"Display devices",
"Educational technology"
] |
projected-00308056-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead%20projector | Overhead projector | Decline in use | An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic fil... | Overhead projectors were once a common fixture in most classrooms and business conference rooms in the United States, but in the 2000s they were slowly being replaced by document cameras, dedicated computer projection systems and interactive whiteboards. Such systems allow the presenter to project video directly from a... | [] | [
"History",
"Decline in use"
] | [
"Projectors",
"Office equipment",
"Display devices",
"Educational technology"
] |
projected-00308056-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead%20projector | Overhead projector | See also | An overhead projector (often abbreviated to OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic fil... | Opaque projector
Slide projector
Slide show
Telestrator
Transparency (projection) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Projectors",
"Office equipment",
"Display devices",
"Educational technology"
] |
projected-00308057-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20R%C3%BCstow | Wilhelm Rüstow | Introduction | Friedrich Wilhelm Rüstow (25 May 1821 – 14 August 1878) was a Prussian-born Swiss soldier and military writer.
Rüstow was born in Brandenburg an der Havel in the Province of Brandenburg. He entered the Prussian Army and served for some years, until the publication of Der deutsche Militärstaat vor und während der Revol... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1821 births",
"1878 deaths",
"People from Brandenburg an der Havel",
"Prussian Army personnel",
"Swiss military personnel",
"ETH Zurich faculty",
"University of Zurich faculty",
"People from the Province of Brandenburg",
"Swiss non-fiction writers",
"Swiss male writers",
"German military writer... | |
projected-00308057-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20R%C3%BCstow | Wilhelm Rüstow | Works | Friedrich Wilhelm Rüstow (25 May 1821 – 14 August 1878) was a Prussian-born Swiss soldier and military writer.
Rüstow was born in Brandenburg an der Havel in the Province of Brandenburg. He entered the Prussian Army and served for some years, until the publication of Der deutsche Militärstaat vor und während der Revol... | Amongst Rüstow's works, which covered nearly every branch of the military art, a large number must be mentioned. | [] | [
"Works"
] | [
"1821 births",
"1878 deaths",
"People from Brandenburg an der Havel",
"Prussian Army personnel",
"Swiss military personnel",
"ETH Zurich faculty",
"University of Zurich faculty",
"People from the Province of Brandenburg",
"Swiss non-fiction writers",
"Swiss male writers",
"German military writer... |
projected-00308057-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20R%C3%BCstow | Wilhelm Rüstow | Historical | Friedrich Wilhelm Rüstow (25 May 1821 – 14 August 1878) was a Prussian-born Swiss soldier and military writer.
Rüstow was born in Brandenburg an der Havel in the Province of Brandenburg. He entered the Prussian Army and served for some years, until the publication of Der deutsche Militärstaat vor und während der Revol... | Heerwesen und Kriegführung Julius Cäsars (Gotha, 1855; 2nd ed., Nordhausen, 1862)
Kommentar zu Napoleon III's Geschichte Julius Cäsars (Stuttgart, 1865–67)
Geschichte des griechischen Kriegswesens (in collaboration with Hermann Köchly, Aarau, 1852)
Militar. Biographen (David, Xenophon, Montluc) (Zürich, 1858)
Gesch... | [] | [
"Works",
"Historical"
] | [
"1821 births",
"1878 deaths",
"People from Brandenburg an der Havel",
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"Swiss military personnel",
"ETH Zurich faculty",
"University of Zurich faculty",
"People from the Province of Brandenburg",
"Swiss non-fiction writers",
"Swiss male writers",
"German military writer... |
projected-00308057-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20R%C3%BCstow | Wilhelm Rüstow | Critical and general | Friedrich Wilhelm Rüstow (25 May 1821 – 14 August 1878) was a Prussian-born Swiss soldier and military writer.
Rüstow was born in Brandenburg an der Havel in the Province of Brandenburg. He entered the Prussian Army and served for some years, until the publication of Der deutsche Militärstaat vor und während der Revol... | Allgemeine Taktik (Zürich, 1858; 2nd ed., 1868)
Kriegspolitik und Kriegsgebrauch (Zürich, 1876)
Militär-Handwörterbuch (Zürich, 1859)
Die Feldherrenkunst des 19. Jahrhunderts (Zürich, 1857; 3rd ed., 1878–79)
French edition: L'art militaire au XIXe siècle: études stratégiques et tactiques sur les guerres les plus ré... | [] | [
"Works",
"Critical and general"
] | [
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"1878 deaths",
"People from Brandenburg an der Havel",
"Prussian Army personnel",
"Swiss military personnel",
"ETH Zurich faculty",
"University of Zurich faculty",
"People from the Province of Brandenburg",
"Swiss non-fiction writers",
"Swiss male writers",
"German military writer... |
projected-00308057-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20R%C3%BCstow | Wilhelm Rüstow | References | Friedrich Wilhelm Rüstow (25 May 1821 – 14 August 1878) was a Prussian-born Swiss soldier and military writer.
Rüstow was born in Brandenburg an der Havel in the Province of Brandenburg. He entered the Prussian Army and served for some years, until the publication of Der deutsche Militärstaat vor und während der Revol... | Marcel Herwegh: Guillaume Rustow. Un grand Soldat – Un grand Caractère (1821–1878), avec des lettres inédites en fac-similé de Garibaldi et de Bismarck. Paris, Neuchâtel, Editions V. Attinger, 1935
Robert von Steiger: Der Rüstow-Prozess, 1848–1850: Eine wehrpolitische Kontroverse. Dissertation, Berne, 1937.
Peter Wie... | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1821 births",
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"Prussian Army personnel",
"Swiss military personnel",
"ETH Zurich faculty",
"University of Zurich faculty",
"People from the Province of Brandenburg",
"Swiss non-fiction writers",
"Swiss male writers",
"German military writer... |
projected-00308058-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Introduction | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] | |
projected-00308058-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Declination change over time and location | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | Magnetic declination varies both from place to place and with the passage of time. As a traveller cruises the east coast of the United States, for example, the declination varies from 16 degrees west in Maine, to 6 in Florida, to 0 degrees in Louisiana, to 4 degrees east in Texas. The declination at London, UK was one ... | [
"World Magnetic Declination 2015.pdf",
"Mv-world.jpg",
"USCGS Chart number 361 (1884).jpg",
"NOAA Chart 12366 (2008).jpg",
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] | [
"Declination change over time and location"
] | [
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projected-00308058-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Direct measurement | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | The magnetic declination at any particular place can be measured directly by reference to the celestial poles—the points in the heavens around which the stars appear to revolve, which mark the direction of true north and true south. The instrument used to perform this measurement is known as a declinometer.
The approx... | [
"Boussole de déclinaison Lenoir.png"
] | [
"Determining declination",
"Direct measurement"
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"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
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projected-00308058-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Determination from maps | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | A rough estimate of the local declination (within a few degrees) can be determined from a general isogonic chart of the world or a continent, such as those illustrated above. Isogonic lines are also shown on aeronautical and nautical charts.
Larger-scale local maps may indicate current local declination, often with th... | [] | [
"Determining declination",
"Determination from maps"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] |
projected-00308058-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Models and software | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | Worldwide empirical model of the deep flows described above are available for describing and predicting features of the Earth's magnetic field, including the magnetic declination for any given location at any time in a given timespan. One such model is World Magnetic Model (WMM) of the US and UK. It is built with all t... | [] | [
"Determining declination",
"Models and software"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] |
projected-00308058-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Adjustable compasses | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | A magnetic compass points to magnetic north, not geographic north. Compasses of the style commonly used for hiking include a declination adjustment in the form of a bezel which swivels relative to the base plate. To establish a declination the bezel is rotated until the desired number of degrees plus or minus lie bet... | [
"Boussole.jpg"
] | [
"Using the declination",
"Adjustable compasses"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] |
projected-00308058-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Non-adjustable compasses | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | To work with both true and magnetic bearings, the user of a non-adjustable compass needs to make simple calculations that take into account the local magnetic declination. The example on the left shows how you would convert a magnetic bearing (one taken in the field using a non-adjustable compass) to a true bearing (o... | [
"Compensating magnetic declination.svg"
] | [
"Using the declination",
"Non-adjustable compasses"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
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projected-00308058-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Navigation | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | On aircraft or vessels there are three types of bearing: true, magnetic, and compass bearing. Compass error is divided into two parts, namely magnetic variation and magnetic deviation, the latter originating from magnetic properties of the vessel or aircraft. Variation and deviation are signed quantities. As discussed ... | [] | [
"Navigation"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] |
projected-00308058-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Deviation | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | Magnetic deviation is the angle from a given magnetic bearing to the related bearing mark of the compass. Deviation is positive if a compass bearing mark (e.g., compass north) is right of the related magnetic bearing (e.g., magnetic north) and vice versa. For example, if the boat is aligned to magnetic north and the co... | [] | [
"Navigation",
"Deviation"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] |
projected-00308058-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination | Air navigation | Magnetic declination, or magnetic variation, is the angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north (the direction the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, corresponding to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field lines) and true north (the direction along a meridian towards the geographic North Po... | Air navigation is based on magnetic directions thus it is necessary to periodically revise navigational aids to reflect the drift in magnetic declination over time. This requirement applies to VOR beacons, runway numbering, airway labeling, and aircraft vectoring directions given by air traffic control, all of which ar... | [] | [
"Navigation",
"Air navigation"
] | [
"Orientation (geometry)",
"Geomagnetism",
"Angle"
] |
projected-00308066-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus | Manus | Introduction | Manus may refer to:
Manus (anatomy), the zoological term for the distal portion of the forelimb of an animal (including the human hand)
Manus marriage, a type of marriage during Roman times | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-00308066-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus | Manus | Relating to locations around New Guinea | Manus may refer to:
Manus (anatomy), the zoological term for the distal portion of the forelimb of an animal (including the human hand)
Manus marriage, a type of marriage during Roman times | Manus Plate, a tiny tectonic plate northeast of New Guinea
Manus Province, a province of Papua New Guinea encompassing several islands, including Manus Island
Manus District, the only district of Manus Province
Manus Island, a Papua New Guinean island in the Admiralty Archipelago
Manus languages, languages spoken on... | [] | [
"Relating to locations around New Guinea"
] | [] |
projected-00308066-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus | Manus | First name | Manus may refer to:
Manus (anatomy), the zoological term for the distal portion of the forelimb of an animal (including the human hand)
Manus marriage, a type of marriage during Roman times | Manuş Baba (born 1986), Turkish singer
Manus Boonjumnong (born 1980), Thai Olympic medalist
Manus Boyle (born c. 1965/6), Irish Gaelic footballer
Manus Canning (died 2018), Irish politician and paramilitary
Manus Kelly (1978–2019), Irish businessman and rally driver
Manus Lunny (born 1962), Irish musician
Manus M... | [] | [
"People",
"First name"
] | [] |
projected-00308066-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus | Manus | Surname | Manus may refer to:
Manus (anatomy), the zoological term for the distal portion of the forelimb of an animal (including the human hand)
Manus marriage, a type of marriage during Roman times | Dirk Manus, fictional smuggler among human characters of The Transformers franchise
Henry Manus (1851–1931), Dutch philatelist
Max Manus (1914–1996), Norwegian resistance fighter during World War II
Patrick Mac Manus (1944–2011), political activist
Rosa Manus (1881–1942), Dutch pacifist and suffragist
Tikken Manu... | [] | [
"People",
"Surname"
] | [] |
projected-00308066-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus | Manus | Fictional characters | Manus may refer to:
Manus (anatomy), the zoological term for the distal portion of the forelimb of an animal (including the human hand)
Manus marriage, a type of marriage during Roman times | Manus, Father of the Abyss, in action role-playing game Dark Souls: Artorias of the Abyss | [] | [
"Fictional characters"
] | [] |
projected-00308066-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus | Manus | See also | Manus may refer to:
Manus (anatomy), the zoological term for the distal portion of the forelimb of an animal (including the human hand)
Manus marriage, a type of marriage during Roman times | MacManus
McManus
Magnus (disambiguation)
Manas (disambiguation)
Manis (disambiguation)
Manu (disambiguation)
Manushya, human beings in Sanskrit | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-00308069-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus%20Island | Manus Island | Introduction | Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth-largest island in Papua New Guinea, with an area of , measuring around . Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Islands of Papua New Guinea",
"Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea",
"Miocene volcanoes",
"Manus Province"
] | |
projected-00308069-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus%20Island | Manus Island | History | Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth-largest island in Papua New Guinea, with an area of , measuring around . Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest ... | The first recorded sighting of Manus Island by Europeans was by Spanish explorer Álvaro de Saavedra on board the carrack Florida on 15 August 1528, while trying to return to New Spain from the Maluku Islands. Saavedra circled Manus Island, and landed possibly on Murai islet to the south west. Murai was found to be inha... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Islands of Papua New Guinea",
"Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea",
"Miocene volcanoes",
"Manus Province"
] |
projected-00308069-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus%20Island | Manus Island | Detention centre | Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth-largest island in Papua New Guinea, with an area of , measuring around . Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest ... | In addition to its resident population, asylum seekers have been located on Los Negros between 2001 and 2004 and since 2012.
Australia set up the Manus Regional Processing Centre on Manus Island in 2001 as part of its Pacific Solution immigration policy. In August 2012, the Australian Government controversially announ... | [] | [
"Detention centre"
] | [
"Islands of Papua New Guinea",
"Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea",
"Miocene volcanoes",
"Manus Province"
] |
projected-00308069-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus%20Island | Manus Island | Naval bases | Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth-largest island in Papua New Guinea, with an area of , measuring around . Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest ... | On 20 September 2018, The Australian reported that Australia and Papua New Guinea were discussing providing port facilities to the Royal Australian Navy and US Navy on Manus Island. Australia and the United States would help expand Lombrum Naval Base, so there would be facilities for Australian naval vessels there. The... | [
"USCGC Oliver Henry (WPC 1140) crew arrives in Manus, Papua New Guinea, on Aug. 14, 2022.jpg"
] | [
"Naval bases"
] | [
"Islands of Papua New Guinea",
"Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea",
"Miocene volcanoes",
"Manus Province"
] |
projected-00308069-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus%20Island | Manus Island | Interstellar meteor | Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth-largest island in Papua New Guinea, with an area of , measuring around . Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest ... | In April 2022, the 2014 meteor called CNEOS 2014-01-08 was confirmed to have been the first known object from beyond the solar system to have struck Earth. Some debris had reached the surface off the coast of Manus Island and may be recoverable. | [] | [
"Interstellar meteor"
] | [
"Islands of Papua New Guinea",
"Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea",
"Miocene volcanoes",
"Manus Province"
] |
projected-00308069-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus%20Island | Manus Island | See also | Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth-largest island in Papua New Guinea, with an area of , measuring around . Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest ... | Admiralty Islands languages
Manus languages | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Islands of Papua New Guinea",
"Volcanoes of Papua New Guinea",
"Miocene volcanoes",
"Manus Province"
] |
projected-00308070-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Introduction | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1473 births",
"1524 deaths",
"Military personnel from Grenoble",
"French military personnel",
"Military leaders of the Italian Wars",
"French military personnel killed in action",
"Deaths by firearm in Italy"
] | |
projected-00308070-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Appearance and personality | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In his portrait by Jacques de Mailles, his squire and biographer, Bayard appears as man with a sharp and pale face, with brown hair, a long nose and two attentive and bright eyes. Jacques writes that Bayard, small in stature as a child, grew considerably during adolescence; this is supported by modern studies of his sk... | [] | [
"Appearance and personality"
] | [
"1473 births",
"1524 deaths",
"Military personnel from Grenoble",
"French military personnel",
"Military leaders of the Italian Wars",
"French military personnel killed in action",
"Deaths by firearm in Italy"
] |
projected-00308070-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Early life | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | The descendant of a noble family, the head of which had fallen in battle in nearly every generation for two centuries, Bayard was born at the Château Bayard, Dauphiné (near Pontcharra, Isère) in southern France. He served as a page to the young Duke Charles I of Savoy until March 1490, when the Duke died of an illness.... | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"1473 births",
"1524 deaths",
"Military personnel from Grenoble",
"French military personnel",
"Military leaders of the Italian Wars",
"French military personnel killed in action",
"Deaths by firearm in Italy"
] |
projected-00308070-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1490 - Man at arms of Louis de Luxembourg | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In 1490 Bayard took service as a man-at-arms in the household of Louis de Luxembourg, the seigneur de Ligny (November 1490) and a favorite of King Charles VIII of France. As a youth, Bayard was distinguished by his looks, charming manner, and skill in the tiltyard.
On 20 July 1494 a famous tourney was held in Lyons, a... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1494 - Battle of Naples | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In 1494 Bayard accompanied Charles VIII's expedition into Italy to seize the Kingdom of Naples. This campaign is now known as the Italian War of 1494–1498. | [] | [
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projected-00308070-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1495 - Battle of Fornovo | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Bayard was knighted after the 1495 Battle of Fornovo, in which he captured a standard. Shortly afterward, entering Milan alone in pursuit of the enemy, he was taken prisoner, but was set free without a ransom by Ludovico Sforza. | [] | [
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projected-00308070-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Duel with Sotomayor | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | What first made Bayard truly famous in Italy, was an episode that took place in 1502, when a Gascon named Gaspar took prisoner Alonso de Sotomayor, a Spanish knight of gigantic stature and endowed with Herculean strength, while he was on his way to Rome. While Gaspar was waiting for the ransom due, Bayard took over the... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1502 - Battle of Canossa | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In 1502 Bayard was wounded at Canossa. | [] | [
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projected-00308070-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1503 - Battle of Garigliano | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In the autumn of 1503 the army French moved towards Naples and in November reached the Garigliano river where the sentinels sighted the Spanish troops commanded by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, a general who months earlier had inflicted a heavy defeat on the French near Cerignola. Since the river was in flood, the Fren... | [
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projected-00308070-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1508 - Service of King Louis XII of France | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In 1508, Bayard accompanied King Louis XII against rebellious Genoa. In the battle that broke the back of the rebellion, Bayard played the role of champion and spearhead in the French assault, a breakneck cavalry charge up a mountain slope against a seemingly impregnable barricade defended by a pike-phalanx of Genoese ... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1509 - Battle of Agnadello | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In 1509, the League of Cambrai was formed between France, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and the Papacy in an effort to wrest from Venice its territorial empire in northeastern Italy.
For this campaign, the king commissioned Bayard to raise a company of horse and foot. Until that time, French infantry had been a despis... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1509 - Siege of Padua | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Later that year, Bayard was among the French forces under Jacques de La Palice sent to join their German ally, the Emperor Maximilian I at the Siege of Padua. Though the siege ultimately failed, what early success the allies enjoyed was largely due to Bayard's combination of cool-headed leadership and dashing bravado.
... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1511 - Holy League | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | By 1511 the League of Cambrai had collapsed due to papal fears of the growing power of France in Italy. To counter this, Pope Julius II declared the formation of the Holy League. This alliance put France at odds with not only the papacy but its erstwhile ally, the Holy Roman Empire, as well as Spain and ultimately the ... | [
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projected-00308070-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1512 - Siege of Brescia | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | At the Siege of Brescia in 1512, Bayard led a wedge of dismounted men-at-arms against the defenders, himself at its tip. Several times the French assault was thrown back. Each time Bayard rallied the French forces and led them in renewed attacks. His boldness at last resulted in a severe wound to the thigh, but not bef... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1512 - Battle of Ravenna | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Bayard joined his commander and friend, Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours, in time for the fateful Battle of Ravenna (1512). Bayard's gallantry and the French cavalry under de Foix carried the day, but the duke was killed in the final hour, rendering the battle a strategic loss for the French and a personal tragedy for B... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1512 - Battle of Pamplona | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Bayard was sent to Navarre with La Palice to support John III of Navarre and his co-monarch Catherine, who wanted to recover the their kingdom, which had been conquered by the King of Spain Fernando II of Aragon. Bayard took part in the capture of the castle of Tiebas and the failed assault on Pamplona (27 November 151... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308070-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1513 - Battle of the Spurs | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | In 1513, when Henry VIII of England routed the French at the Battle of the Spurs (Guinegate, where Bayard's father had received a lifelong injury in a battle of 1479), Bayard, trying to rally his countrymen, found his escape cut off. Unwilling to surrender, he rode suddenly up to an English officer who was resting unar... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308070-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1515 - Service of King Francis I of France and death | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | On the accession of Francis I in 1515, Bayard was made lieutenant-general of Dauphiné, but soon accompanied the King and army into the territory of Milan, control of which was challenged by the Swiss. At the Battle of Marignano the opposing armies engaged in a protracted and bloody struggle which the French won largely... | [
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projected-00308070-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1521 - Siege of Mézières | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | When war again broke out between Francis I and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Bayard, with 1000 men, held Mézières, which had been declared untenable, against an army of 35,000, and after six weeks compelled the imperial generals to raise the siege. This stubborn resistance saved central France from invasion, as the ki... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308070-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | 1524 - Death in Italy | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | After allaying a revolt at Genoa, and striving with the greatest assiduity to check a pestilence in Dauphiné, Bayard was sent into Italy with Admiral Bonnivet, who, being defeated at Robecco and wounded in a combat during his retreat, implored Bayard to assume command and save the army. He repulsed the foremost pursuer... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Personal life | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Jacques de Maille reports that for many years (one can say throughout his life, if one excludes the first youthful platonic love) Bayard loved a woman whose identity he would never confess. In Cantù, in 1501, Bayard's only child was born: Jeanne Terrail, whom her father had raised in France by his sister Jeanne, a nun ... | [] | [
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projected-00308070-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Bayard's DNA | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | A 2017 research paper by Gérard Lucotte verified that Bayard's mtDNA haplogroup was H10E and his YDNA haplogroup was R1b-M269. | [] | [
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projected-00308070-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Legacy | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | As a soldier, Bayard was considered the epitome of chivalry and one of the most skillful commanders of the age. He was noted for the exactitude and completeness of his information on the enemy's movements, which he obtained by careful reconnaissance and a well-arranged system of espionage.
In the midst of mercenary ar... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308070-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Monuments and memorials | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Equestrian statue at Pontcharra (Isère)
Statue at Grenoble, place Saint-André
Bayard Mausoleum, (1625), Saint-André Collegiate church at Grenoble
Musée Bayard at the Château Bayard in Pontcharra
Statue at Charleville-Mézières, inaugurated October 2005. An earlier statue was damaged during World War I and demolished... | [
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projected-00308070-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | In popular culture | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Bayard is a recurring character in three novels by author Samuel Shellabarger:
Prince of Foxes
Captain from Castile
The King's Cavalier
The movie Sans peur et sans reproche directed in 1988 by Gérard Jugnot is based on him. | [] | [
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projected-00308070-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | References | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | Attribution | [] | [
"References"
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"Military personnel from Grenoble",
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"Military leaders of the Italian Wars",
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projected-00308070-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Terrail%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bayard | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard | Sources | Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (c. 1476 – 30 April 1524) was a French knight and military leader at the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, generally known as the Chevalier de Bayard. Throughout the centuries since his death, he has been known as "the knight without fear and beyond reproach" (le... | "Le loyal serviteur" (Jacques de Maille?), La très joyeuse et très plaisante histoire du gentil seigneur de Bayart, le bon chevalier sans peur et sans reproche, le gentil seigneur de Bayart (original edition printed at Paris, 1527)
Symphorien Champier, Les Gestes, ensemble la vie du preulx chevalier Bayard (Lyons, 1525... | [] | [
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projected-00308075-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Introduction | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | [] | [
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"Living people",
"Norwegian male cross-country skiers",
"Norwegian... | |
projected-00308075-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Early life | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | Born in Flateby, Enebakk, Alsgaard began cross-country ski racing at the age of three. That was when he was entered into a race against many 5-year-olds. He beat all of them. A year later, it was rumored that he was lost in the village the family lived in. In fact, he was found at the local ski area, just about to star... | [] | [
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"Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners",
"Living people",
"Norwegian male cross-country skiers",
"Norwegian... |
projected-00308075-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Athletic career | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | Alsgaard got his international breakthrough in the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics winning the 30 kilometre freestyle event. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympics and FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, making him one of the most successful skiers of all time. Alsgaard won at least one gold medal at ... | [] | [
"Athletic career"
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"Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics",
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"Living people",
"Norwegian male cross-country skiers",
"Norwegian... |
projected-00308075-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | After his career as a professional skier | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | Alsgaard retired from racing in 2003. Between 2013 and 2017 he was the owner and manager of a ski team, Team LeasePlan.
He now works as a technical advisor for Alpina Sports, working in the Nordic boot department.
He is also known as a sports commentator for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation.
In the Norwegian C... | [] | [
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projected-00308075-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Ski Classics team owner | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | As of December 2016 the team consists of four "allround" skiers and six skiers with langløp (or long races) as their specialty; Swede Lina Korsgren is the team's only female (as of 2016); Hans Kristian Stadheim assists in coaching. On 21 April 2017, Alsgaard announced that Team LeasePlan had to shut down due to sponsor... | [] | [
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projected-00308075-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Cross-country skiing results | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). | [] | [
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projected-00308075-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Olympic Games | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | 6 medals – (5 gold, 1 silver) | [] | [
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projected-00308075-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | World Championships | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | 9 medals – (6 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze) | [] | [
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"Norwegian male cross-country skiers",
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projected-00308075-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Season titles | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | 3 titles – (1 overall, long distance, 1 sprint) | [] | [
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projected-00308075-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Individual podiums | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | 13 victories
29 podiums | [] | [
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projected-00308075-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Team podiums | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | 12 victories – (12 )
25 podiums – (24 , 1 )
Note: Until the 1999 World Championships and the 1994 Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system. | [] | [
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projected-00308075-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | Equipment | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | Alsgaard used skis from Madshus, one of Alpina's partners, with Alpina boots and Rottefella bindings. | [] | [
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projected-00308075-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | See also | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | List of multiple Olympic gold medalists | [] | [
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projected-00308075-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Alsgaard | Thomas Alsgaard | References | Thomas Alsgaard (born 10 January 1972) is a Norwegian former professional cross-country skier. Alsgaard is regarded by many as the best performer of the freestyle technique (skating) in cross-country skiing and many of today's best skiers have studied his technique. In total, Alsgaard won 15 medals in the Winter Olympi... | Holmenkollen medalists – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
Holmenkollen winners since 1892 – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
Category:1972 births
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Category:Cross-country skiers ... | [] | [
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projected-00308076-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Introduction | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | [] | [
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projected-00308076-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Childhood | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | Edith Irene Södergran was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, into a middle-class Finnish-Swedish family. Her parents, Mats Södergran and Helena Södergran, née Holmroos, were both born in Finland and belonged to the Finnish-Swedish minority, with Swedish as their native language. Edith grew up as an only child. Her mothe... | [] | [
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projected-00308076-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | School days | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | In 1902, Edith began her schooling in Die deutsche Hauptschule zu St. Petri () where she studied until 1909. These school years were characterized by worries and strong social tensions which likely affected her worldview. Amongst the poems in Vaxdukshäftet that depict Edith's school years, there are poems with politica... | [] | [
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projected-00308076-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Illness | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | One day in November 1908, Edith came home from school saying that she was restless and that she did not feel well. Helena called for a doctor, who diagnosed that Edith had an inflammation of the lungs. According to the mother, the girl understood what it was as she asked several times if she had got "lung soot". Edith ... | [] | [
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projected-00308076-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Literary revolt | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | Her debut book Dikter ("Poems"), which came out in the autumn of 1916, gained no great notice, even if a few critics were slightly perplexed – Södergran was already using associative free verse and describing selected details instead of entire landscapes. Expression of a young, modern, female consciousness in poems lik... | [] | [
"Literary revolt"
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projected-00308076-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Work and aesthetic position | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | Edith Södergran was a trailblazer within modernist Swedish poetry and had many followers, including, amongst others, Elmer Diktonius (1896–1961), Gunnar Björling (1887–1960) and Rabbe Enckell (1903–74). In Sweden she became an important guide for a number of poets, including Gunnar Ekelöf and Karin Boye, and her poems ... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308076-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Bibliography | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | Södergran released four volumes of poetry during her short lifetime. After her death, Landet som icke är ("The Land which Is Not") was released, containing a collection of poems that had been rejected from her earlier volumes.
Dikter ("Poems", 1916)
Septemberlyran ("The September Lyre", 1917)
Rosenaltaret ("The Rose A... | [] | [
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projected-00308076-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20S%C3%B6dergran | Edith Södergran | Sources | Edith Irene Södergran (4 April 1892 – 24 June 1923) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. One of the first modernists within Swedish-language literature, her influences came from French Symbolism, German expressionism, and Russian futurism. At the age of 24 she released her first collection of poetry entitled Dikter ("P... | Gunnar Tideström, Edith Södergran. En biografi (akad. avh.) Stockholm 1949.
Hagar Olsson, Ediths brev. Helsingfors och Stockholm 1955.
Ernst Brunner, Till fots genom solsystemen. Studier i Edith Södergrans expressionism. Stockholm (akad. avh.) 1983.
Ulla Evers, Hettan av en gud : en studie i skapandetemat hos Edith ... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308077-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume%20Gouffier%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bonnivet | Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet | Introduction | Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet (c. 1488 – 24 February 1525) was a French soldier.
The younger brother of Artus Gouffier, seigneur de Boisy, tutor of Francis I of France, Bonnivet was brought up with Francis, and after the young king's accession he became one of the most powerful of the royal favourites. On 3... | [] | [
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projected-00308077-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume%20Gouffier%2C%20seigneur%20de%20Bonnivet | Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet | References | Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet (c. 1488 – 24 February 1525) was a French soldier.
The younger brother of Artus Gouffier, seigneur de Boisy, tutor of Francis I of France, Bonnivet was brought up with Francis, and after the young king's accession he became one of the most powerful of the royal favourites. On 3... | Category:1480s births
Category:1525 deaths
Category:French military leaders
Category:French military personnel killed in action
Category:Military leaders of the Italian Wars
Category:Admirals of France
Category:Court of Francis I of France | [] | [
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projected-00308083-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Introduction | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | [] | [
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projected-00308083-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Geography | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | The province, in the Mekong River valley, is mostly plains. The northern part of the province has a more upland, forest-covered character. The main river in the northern part is the Songkhram River with the smaller Oun River. The southern part is flatter with the Kum River as its only notable watercourse. The provincia... | [] | [
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"Nakhon Phanom province",
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projected-00308083-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | History | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | The name Nakhon Phanom, meaning 'city of mountains', was given to the city by King Rama I. There are no mountains within Nakhon Phanom itself, the limestone mountains being concentrated in the city of Thakhek in Laos on the other side of the Mekong River. Nakhon Phanom is more accurately described as a city where mount... | [] | [
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projected-00308083-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Symbols | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | The provincial seal shows the pagoda of Phra That Phanom in That Phanom District. Originally constructed around 535 BCE in Khmer-style, it collapsed in 1675 and was rebuilt in Lao-style. The provincial tree, as well as flower, is Fagraea fragrans.
The provincial slogan is "The city of the revered Phrathat Phanom, cult... | [] | [
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"Nakhon Phanom province",
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projected-00308083-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Culture | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | Important festivals in the province include the traditional dances of the Phu Thai ethnic group held in May and June every year. The Phra That Phanom temple fair is held every February, when many locals visit the temple to pay homage. At the end of the Buddhist Lent in November, an illuminated boat procession takes pla... | [] | [
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projected-00308083-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Special Economic Zone | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | , a commercial mixed-use project with a hotel, sports complex, healthcare and trade exhibition center, respectively, and other facilities is being constructed on a 1,335 rai site near the third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge and Nakhon Phanom checkpoint. It is one of ten special economic zones (SEZ) to be built throughout ... | [] | [
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projected-00308083-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Tourism | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | The province derives little income from tourism. According to government officials, roughly 1.2 million tourists visited in 2017, of which only 10 percent of them were foreigners. The province projects tourist arrivals to reach more than 1.5 million in 2018. | [] | [
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projected-00308083-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Provincial government | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | The province is divided into 12 districts (amphoes). The districts are further divided into 97 subdistricts (tambons) and 1,040 villages (mubans). | [] | [
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"Nakhon Phanom province",
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projected-00308083-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Local government | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Nakhon Phanom Provincial Administration Organisation () and 22 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Nakhon Phanom has town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 21 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 81 Subdistrict Administra... | [] | [
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projected-00308083-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Education | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | The town is home to Nakhon Phanom University, formed in 2005 by the merger of several local schools including the former Nakhon Phanom Rajabhat University. | [] | [
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projected-00308083-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Roads | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | Route 212 runs from Nong Khai along the Mekong River through Nakhon Phanom to Mukdahan, and then south to Ubon Ratchathani. Route 22 leads west through Sakhon Nakhon to Udon Thani. | [] | [
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projected-00308083-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Air | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | Nakhon Phanom is served by Nakhon Phanom Airport, located four kilometers west of town. | [] | [
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projected-00308083-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | Human achievement index 2017 | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this... | [
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projected-00308083-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhon%20Phanom%20province | Nakhon Phanom province | References | Nakhon Phanom province (, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Directly adjacent provinces are (from south clockwise): Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, and Bueng Kan. To the northeast it borders Khammouan of Laos. | Category:Isan
Category:Provinces of Thailand
Category:Populated places on the Mekong River | [] | [
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"Nakhon Phanom province",
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projected-00308084-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande%20Arm%C3%A9e | Grande Armée | Introduction | La Grande Armée (; ) was the main military component of the French Imperial Army commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars. From 1804 to 1808, it won a series of military victories that allowed the French Empire to exercise unprecedented control over most of Europe. Widely acknowledged to be on... | [] | [
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projected-00308084-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande%20Arm%C3%A9e | Grande Armée | Marines of the Guard | La Grande Armée (; ) was the main military component of the French Imperial Army commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars. From 1804 to 1808, it won a series of military victories that allowed the French Empire to exercise unprecedented control over most of Europe. Widely acknowledged to be on... | The four regiments of marines of the Ancien Régime disappeared on 28 January 1794. The Marins (French spelling) of the Grande Armée were divided into the Bataillon des Marins de la Garde Impériale, also known eventually as the Matelots de la Garde, formed on 17 September 1803, and Matelots des Bataillons de la Marine I... | [
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