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projected-26719851-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20UCI%20Track%20Cycling%20World%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20team%20pursuit | 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit | Introduction | The Men's Team Pursuit is one of the 10 men's events at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Ballerup, Denmark.
Seventeen teams of 4 cyclists each participated in the contest. After the qualifying, the fastest 2 teams raced for gold, and 3rd and 4th teams raced for bronze.
The Qualifying and the Finals were held on March 25. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships",
"UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit"
] | |
projected-26719851-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20UCI%20Track%20Cycling%20World%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20team%20pursuit | 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit | References | The Men's Team Pursuit is one of the 10 men's events at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, held in Ballerup, Denmark.
Seventeen teams of 4 cyclists each participated in the contest. After the qualifying, the fastest 2 teams raced for gold, and 3rd and 4th teams raced for bronze.
The Qualifying and the Finals were held on March 25. | Qualifying Results
Finals Results
Men's team pursuit
Category:UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships",
"UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's team pursuit"
] |
projected-26719857-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Phineas%20Gordon | George Phineas Gordon | Introduction | George Phineas Gordon (April 21, 1810 – January 27, 1878) was an American inventor, printer and businessman who developed the basic design of the most common printing press ever, the Gordon Letterpress.
Born in Salem, New Hampshire, where his family had lived for more than one hundred years, he was educated there and at Boston before deciding to become an actor. Failing to achieve a livelihood at this, he moved to New York where he became an apprentice printer. Upon learning the trade, he opened a job printing shop of his own. Around 1835 he began to experiment in press design. His first patent for a job-press was granted in 1851. While this press had many flaws, he began to manufacture it as the "Yankee" job press. Subsequently he introduced the "Turnover" and the "Firefly," which could produce 10,000 printed cards an hour. About 1858 he produced the "Franklin" press, which has ever since been known as the Gordon Jobber. (Gordon claimed that Benjamin Franklin had revealed the basic design of the press to him in a dream.) It was strong, well built, and easy to operate. The Gordon Press solved the problem of clam-shell presses (which previously had "snapped" and endangered pressmen's fingers) by having the platen open on cams, so that it was flat and lagged for the pressman as he fed the sheet, before closing parallel to the type bed.
Gordon began manufacturing presses in Rhode Island but in 1872 established his factory in Rahway, New Jersey. He secured over fifty patents for presses and accumulated a large fortune. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"19th-century American inventors",
"American printers",
"1878 deaths",
"1821 births",
"19th-century American businesspeople"
] | |
projected-26719857-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Phineas%20Gordon | George Phineas Gordon | References | George Phineas Gordon (April 21, 1810 – January 27, 1878) was an American inventor, printer and businessman who developed the basic design of the most common printing press ever, the Gordon Letterpress.
Born in Salem, New Hampshire, where his family had lived for more than one hundred years, he was educated there and at Boston before deciding to become an actor. Failing to achieve a livelihood at this, he moved to New York where he became an apprentice printer. Upon learning the trade, he opened a job printing shop of his own. Around 1835 he began to experiment in press design. His first patent for a job-press was granted in 1851. While this press had many flaws, he began to manufacture it as the "Yankee" job press. Subsequently he introduced the "Turnover" and the "Firefly," which could produce 10,000 printed cards an hour. About 1858 he produced the "Franklin" press, which has ever since been known as the Gordon Jobber. (Gordon claimed that Benjamin Franklin had revealed the basic design of the press to him in a dream.) It was strong, well built, and easy to operate. The Gordon Press solved the problem of clam-shell presses (which previously had "snapped" and endangered pressmen's fingers) by having the platen open on cams, so that it was flat and lagged for the pressman as he fed the sheet, before closing parallel to the type bed.
Gordon began manufacturing presses in Rhode Island but in 1872 established his factory in Rahway, New Jersey. He secured over fifty patents for presses and accumulated a large fortune. | "Dictionary of American biography, under the auspices of the American council of learned societies," C. Scribner's sons, New York City, 1928.
Category:19th-century American inventors
Category:American printers
Category:1878 deaths
Category:1821 births
Category:19th-century American businesspeople | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"19th-century American inventors",
"American printers",
"1878 deaths",
"1821 births",
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projected-26719860-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DYER | DYER | Introduction | DYER (828 AM) was a radio station owned and operated by DCG Radio-TV Network. It was formerly known as Environment Radio under the management of then-mayor Edward Hagedorn until 2008, when it transferred to 1062 AM. Since then, the frequency has been off the air. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Radio stations in Puerto Princesa",
"Radio stations established in 1978",
"Defunct radio stations in the Philippines"
] | |
projected-26719860-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DYER | DYER | References | DYER (828 AM) was a radio station owned and operated by DCG Radio-TV Network. It was formerly known as Environment Radio under the management of then-mayor Edward Hagedorn until 2008, when it transferred to 1062 AM. Since then, the frequency has been off the air. | Category:Radio stations in Puerto Princesa
Category:Radio stations established in 1978
Category:Defunct radio stations in the Philippines | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Radio stations in Puerto Princesa",
"Radio stations established in 1978",
"Defunct radio stations in the Philippines"
] |
projected-26719869-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar%20Bari | Omar Bari | Introduction | Oumar Barry (born July 18, 1986) is a Guinean-born Qatari footballer who is a goalkeeper. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1986 births",
"Living people",
"Al-Rayyan SC players",
"Association football goalkeepers",
"Qatari footballers",
"Qatar international footballers",
"Qatari people of Guinean descent",
"Guinean footballers",
"El Jaish SC players",
"Qatar Stars League players",
"Qatari Second Division players",
... | |
projected-26719902-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Palmer | Albert Palmer | Introduction | Albert Palmer may refer to:
Albert Palmer (American politician)
Albert Palmer (Australian politician)
Albert Palmer (Canadian politician)
Sir Albert Palmer (judge), Chief Justice of the Solomon Islands
Albert Marshman Palmer, American theatrical manager | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-17328337-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Worrell | Mark Worrell | Introduction | Mark Robert Worrell (born March 8, 1983) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Baltimore Orioles between 2008 and 2011. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1983 births",
"Living people",
"American expatriate baseball players in Mexico",
"Arizona Wildcats baseball players",
"Baltimore Orioles players",
"Baseball players from Florida",
"Cotuit Kettleers players",
"Diablos Rojos del México players",
"FIU Panthers baseball players",
"Indian River State ... | |
projected-17328337-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Worrell | Mark Worrell | Amateur career | Mark Robert Worrell (born March 8, 1983) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Baltimore Orioles between 2008 and 2011. | A native of Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, Worrell attended John I. Leonard Community High School. He played college baseball at the University of Arizona and Florida International University. In 2003, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 12th round of the 2004 MLB Draft. | [] | [
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"Baltimore Orioles players",
"Baseball players from Florida",
"Cotuit Kettleers players",
"Diablos Rojos del México players",
"FIU Panthers baseball players",
"Indian River State ... |
projected-17328337-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Worrell | Mark Worrell | Professional career | Mark Robert Worrell (born March 8, 1983) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Baltimore Orioles between 2008 and 2011. | Worrell was called up to the major leagues by the Cardinals on June 1, 2008, and made his debut on June 3. On June 5, Worrell hit a three-run home run in his first major league at-bat.
On December 4, 2008, Worrell was traded to the San Diego Padres for shortstop Khalil Greene. After missing the entire season while recovering from Tommy John surgery, Worrell was non-tendered on December 12, 2009.
On January 7, 2010, Worrell signed a minor league contract to return to the San Diego Padres. After appearing in 25 games with the Portland Beavers, he was released on June 23. On July 1, Worrell signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners, but was subsequently released on July 14 after pitching in just four games for the Tacoma Rainiers.
On February 1, 2011, Worrell signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles, and started the season with the Norfolk Tides. He was called up by Baltimore on July 17 and appeared in four games, giving up eight runs in two innings, including Mike Trout's first career home run, before returning to Norfolk. He became a free agent after the season. | [
"Mark Worrell 03.jpg"
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"Living people",
"American expatriate baseball players in Mexico",
"Arizona Wildcats baseball players",
"Baltimore Orioles players",
"Baseball players from Florida",
"Cotuit Kettleers players",
"Diablos Rojos del México players",
"FIU Panthers baseball players",
"Indian River State ... |
projected-17328337-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Worrell | Mark Worrell | See also | Mark Robert Worrell (born March 8, 1983) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Baltimore Orioles between 2008 and 2011. | List of players with a home run in first major league at-bat | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1983 births",
"Living people",
"American expatriate baseball players in Mexico",
"Arizona Wildcats baseball players",
"Baltimore Orioles players",
"Baseball players from Florida",
"Cotuit Kettleers players",
"Diablos Rojos del México players",
"FIU Panthers baseball players",
"Indian River State ... |
projected-17328343-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziniar%C3%A9%20Department | Ziniaré Department | Introduction | Ziniaré is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Ziniaré. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 88,299. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Departments of Burkina Faso",
"Oubritenga Province"
] | |
projected-17328343-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziniar%C3%A9%20Department | Ziniaré Department | Towns and villages | Ziniaré is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Ziniaré. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 88,299. | Ziniaré (33,301 inhabitants) (capital)
Badnogo (515)
Bagadogo (1,022)
Basbedo (939)
Barkuitenga (1,529)
Barkoudouba (859)
Betta (1,265)
Bissiga Peulh (144)
Boalin (580)
Boulba (748)
Gam-Silimimossé (800)
Gombogo (642)
Gombogo-Peulh (188)
Gonsé (210)
Gondogo Tandaaga (853)
Gombogo (1,645)
Ipala (1,417)
Kartenga (811)
Koada-Yarcé (483)
Koassanga (2,551)
Kolgondiessé (477)
Koulgandogo (239)
Koulgando-peulh (195)
Ladwenda (873)
Laongo-yanga (972)
Matté (906)
Moutti (1,200)
Moyargo (618)
Nabitenga (636)
Nakamtenga I (749)
Nakamtenga II (700)
Namassa (1,105)
Napamboubou-saalin (415)
Ouagatenga (515)
Oubri-Yaoghin (1,465)
Pilaga peulh (479)
Rassempoughin (201)
Sawana (2,095)
Songpélcé (2,357)
Tanghin-Gombogo (917)
Tanghin Goudry (528)
Tamassa (307)
Tamissi (959)
Tambogo Peulh (226)
Tampougtenga (1,007)
Tanpoko Peulh (295)
Taonsgo (1,609)
Tibin (619)
Ziga (2,392) | [] | [
"Towns and villages"
] | [
"Departments of Burkina Faso",
"Oubritenga Province"
] |
projected-17328343-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziniar%C3%A9%20Department | Ziniaré Department | References | Ziniaré is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Ziniaré. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 88,299. | Category:Departments of Burkina Faso
Category:Oubritenga Province | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Departments of Burkina Faso",
"Oubritenga Province"
] |
projected-26719906-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Alexander%20Brown | David Alexander Brown | Introduction | David Alexander Brown (8 February 1916 – 3 November 2009) was a geologist who played an important role in developing the study of Geology in Australia.
He was born on 8 February 1916 in Scotland. His father fought and died at Gallipoli in World War I. His mother took him to New Zealand when he was four years old.
He studied at the University of New Zealand and graduated in 1937 with a Master of Science degree. In 1936 he started work in a field geologist job at the New Zealand Geological Survey. In 1938 he changed jobs, working for the New Zealand Petroleum Exploration Group.
When World War II broke out he first joined the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and then later the Royal Navy. He took up flying aircraft from aircraft carriers, in the Fleet Air Arm. He was posted to the Barents Sea and North Sea. His highlight was to bomb the German battleship Tirpitz in April 1944 in Altenfjord a Norwegian fjord while flying a Fairey Barracuda torpedo bomber in Operation Tungsten.
He found his wife Patrica in the Women's Royal Naval Service. After the war they lived in London.
Brown was given a post graduate scholarship to study Bryozoa (or Polyzoans) from the Tertiary period in New Zealand. His jobs were at the Imperial College of Science and Technology and the British Museum of Natural History. In 1948 he graduated with a PhD and a DIC, and an award of the Lyell Fund from the Geological Society of London in 1953. He became a world expert on polyzoa, and a good taxonomist.
After this he migrated back to New Zealand and rejoined the New Zealand Geological Survey. The Otago University recruited him as a lecturer in 1950. In 1959 he accepted at job at the Canberra University College as the chair of geology. He set up the geology department, not specialising but employing people with a range of specialities. At various times he was the dean of science, dean of students, and he ensured the library had a good range of journals.
Brown was the president of the Geological Society of Australia. He was skilled at translating Russian to English and wrote a Russian to English dictionary for geoscience.
A bryozoan species from the Schizoporellidae was named after him, Dakaria dabrowni. A mollusc Mauidrillia browni is named after him.
He had three children and nine grandchildren. He died 3 November 2009 in Sydney. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1916 births",
"2009 deaths",
"20th-century Australian geologists",
"20th-century New Zealand geologists",
"British emigrants to New Zealand",
"Paleozoologists",
"20th-century British zoologists",
"New Zealand military personnel of World War II",
"Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II",
"Fleet A... | |
projected-26719906-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Alexander%20Brown | David Alexander Brown | Publications | David Alexander Brown (8 February 1916 – 3 November 2009) was a geologist who played an important role in developing the study of Geology in Australia.
He was born on 8 February 1916 in Scotland. His father fought and died at Gallipoli in World War I. His mother took him to New Zealand when he was four years old.
He studied at the University of New Zealand and graduated in 1937 with a Master of Science degree. In 1936 he started work in a field geologist job at the New Zealand Geological Survey. In 1938 he changed jobs, working for the New Zealand Petroleum Exploration Group.
When World War II broke out he first joined the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and then later the Royal Navy. He took up flying aircraft from aircraft carriers, in the Fleet Air Arm. He was posted to the Barents Sea and North Sea. His highlight was to bomb the German battleship Tirpitz in April 1944 in Altenfjord a Norwegian fjord while flying a Fairey Barracuda torpedo bomber in Operation Tungsten.
He found his wife Patrica in the Women's Royal Naval Service. After the war they lived in London.
Brown was given a post graduate scholarship to study Bryozoa (or Polyzoans) from the Tertiary period in New Zealand. His jobs were at the Imperial College of Science and Technology and the British Museum of Natural History. In 1948 he graduated with a PhD and a DIC, and an award of the Lyell Fund from the Geological Society of London in 1953. He became a world expert on polyzoa, and a good taxonomist.
After this he migrated back to New Zealand and rejoined the New Zealand Geological Survey. The Otago University recruited him as a lecturer in 1950. In 1959 he accepted at job at the Canberra University College as the chair of geology. He set up the geology department, not specialising but employing people with a range of specialities. At various times he was the dean of science, dean of students, and he ensured the library had a good range of journals.
Brown was the president of the Geological Society of Australia. He was skilled at translating Russian to English and wrote a Russian to English dictionary for geoscience.
A bryozoan species from the Schizoporellidae was named after him, Dakaria dabrowni. A mollusc Mauidrillia browni is named after him.
He had three children and nine grandchildren. He died 3 November 2009 in Sydney. | The Tertiary Cheilostomatous Polyzoa of New Zealand published Rudolph William Sabbot January 1952,
Ore Deposits Of Ussr, Vol. 3
The geological evolution of Australia & New Zealand 1968
Fossil Bryozoa from drill holes on Eniwetok Atoll 1964
On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen 1954
Proceedings of Specialists' Meeting held at Canberra, 25–31 May 1968
The Facies of regional metamorphism at high pressures 1975
Dannevirke Subdivision maps and bulletin 1953, Montague Ongley, Albert Mathieson Quennell, David Alexander Brown and Arnold Robert Lillie (mapping from 1936 to 1941)
Te Aute Subdivision, central Hawkes Bay maps and bulletin Jacobus Theodorus Kingma and David Alexander Brown pub 1971
Fossil cheilostomatous polyzoa from south-west Victoria Melbourne Department of Mines, 1957
Deep-seated inclusions in kimberlites and the problem of the composition of the upper mantle / by N. V. Sobolev, translation
A Russian – English Geosciences Dictionary РУССКО – АНГЛИЙСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ: НАУК О ЗЕМЛЕ 2001 Canberra | [] | [
"Publications"
] | [
"1916 births",
"2009 deaths",
"20th-century Australian geologists",
"20th-century New Zealand geologists",
"British emigrants to New Zealand",
"Paleozoologists",
"20th-century British zoologists",
"New Zealand military personnel of World War II",
"Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II",
"Fleet A... |
projected-26719906-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Alexander%20Brown | David Alexander Brown | References | David Alexander Brown (8 February 1916 – 3 November 2009) was a geologist who played an important role in developing the study of Geology in Australia.
He was born on 8 February 1916 in Scotland. His father fought and died at Gallipoli in World War I. His mother took him to New Zealand when he was four years old.
He studied at the University of New Zealand and graduated in 1937 with a Master of Science degree. In 1936 he started work in a field geologist job at the New Zealand Geological Survey. In 1938 he changed jobs, working for the New Zealand Petroleum Exploration Group.
When World War II broke out he first joined the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and then later the Royal Navy. He took up flying aircraft from aircraft carriers, in the Fleet Air Arm. He was posted to the Barents Sea and North Sea. His highlight was to bomb the German battleship Tirpitz in April 1944 in Altenfjord a Norwegian fjord while flying a Fairey Barracuda torpedo bomber in Operation Tungsten.
He found his wife Patrica in the Women's Royal Naval Service. After the war they lived in London.
Brown was given a post graduate scholarship to study Bryozoa (or Polyzoans) from the Tertiary period in New Zealand. His jobs were at the Imperial College of Science and Technology and the British Museum of Natural History. In 1948 he graduated with a PhD and a DIC, and an award of the Lyell Fund from the Geological Society of London in 1953. He became a world expert on polyzoa, and a good taxonomist.
After this he migrated back to New Zealand and rejoined the New Zealand Geological Survey. The Otago University recruited him as a lecturer in 1950. In 1959 he accepted at job at the Canberra University College as the chair of geology. He set up the geology department, not specialising but employing people with a range of specialities. At various times he was the dean of science, dean of students, and he ensured the library had a good range of journals.
Brown was the president of the Geological Society of Australia. He was skilled at translating Russian to English and wrote a Russian to English dictionary for geoscience.
A bryozoan species from the Schizoporellidae was named after him, Dakaria dabrowni. A mollusc Mauidrillia browni is named after him.
He had three children and nine grandchildren. He died 3 November 2009 in Sydney. | Category:1916 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:20th-century Australian geologists
Category:20th-century New Zealand geologists
Category:British emigrants to New Zealand
Category:Paleozoologists
Category:20th-century British zoologists
Category:New Zealand military personnel of World War II
Category:Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II
Category:Fleet Air Arm aviators
Category:British World War II bomber pilots
Category:New Zealand emigrants to Australia | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1916 births",
"2009 deaths",
"20th-century Australian geologists",
"20th-century New Zealand geologists",
"British emigrants to New Zealand",
"Paleozoologists",
"20th-century British zoologists",
"New Zealand military personnel of World War II",
"Fleet Air Arm personnel of World War II",
"Fleet A... |
projected-17328358-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill%20Hill%20Historic%20District | Windmill Hill Historic District | Introduction | The Windmill Hill Historic District is a historic district encompassing a large rural landscape in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the north by Eldred Avenue, on the east by East Shore Road, on the south by Great Creek, and on the west by Narragansett Bay. The area's historical resources included six farmsteads, as well as the Quaker Meetinghouse, the Jamestown Windmill, and its associated miller's house and barn. The area is predominantly rolling hills with open pastureland and forest. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The area is also rich in prehistoric evidence of Native American occupation, which is the subject of the Jamestown Archeological District listing on the National Register. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Historic districts in Newport County, Rhode Island",
"Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island",
"Jamestown, Rhode Island",
"Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island"
] | |
projected-17328358-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill%20Hill%20Historic%20District | Windmill Hill Historic District | See also | The Windmill Hill Historic District is a historic district encompassing a large rural landscape in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the north by Eldred Avenue, on the east by East Shore Road, on the south by Great Creek, and on the west by Narragansett Bay. The area's historical resources included six farmsteads, as well as the Quaker Meetinghouse, the Jamestown Windmill, and its associated miller's house and barn. The area is predominantly rolling hills with open pastureland and forest. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The area is also rich in prehistoric evidence of Native American occupation, which is the subject of the Jamestown Archeological District listing on the National Register. | Watson Farm, a museum farm operated by Historic New England located in the district
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Historic districts in Newport County, Rhode Island",
"Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island",
"Jamestown, Rhode Island",
"Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island"
] |
projected-23572922-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Introduction | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2009 establishments in the United Kingdom",
"Cycling teams based in the United Kingdom",
"Cycling teams established in 2009",
"Ineos Grenadiers",
"Ineos",
"UCI WorldTeams"
] | |
projected-23572922-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Formation | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | The creation of the team was announced on 26 February 2009, with the major sponsorship provided by BSkyB. The company was searching for a sport in which they could have a positive and wide-ranging impact through their sponsorship. British Cycling first began their relationship with BSkyB in 2008 with a £1 million a year sponsorship for their track cycling team. After a trip to the Manchester Velodrome, British Cycling's National Cycling Centre, in 2008, then BSkyB chairman James Murdoch quickly became keen on the sport. Over the summer of 2008 BSkyB were lobbied by British Cycling and key figures such as David Brailsford and Chris Boardman to launch a British road cycling team which would compete in road cycling's major events. BSkyB agreed to finance the team with €15 million a year, aiming for a British rider to win the Tour de France within five years. Initially a supermarket was in talks to become a co-sponsor.
Team Sky's original intention was to build a 25-man squad with a core of British riders and to nurture the young talent. The first six riders confirmed were Geraint Thomas, Steve Cummings, Chris Froome, Russell Downing, Ian Stannard and Peter Kennaugh, all British riders. The ambition to "ensure competitiveness" through other signings, including a number of foreign riders, was expressed. On 10 September 2009, a further ten riders were confirmed as set to ride for the team. These were Edvald Boasson Hagen, Thomas Löfkvist, Kurt Asle Arvesen, Simon Gerrans, Juan Antonio Flecha, Kjell Carlström, John-Lee Augustyn, Greg Henderson, Lars Petter Nordhaug, and Morris Possoni. Further additions to the squad, including Chris Sutton and Bradley Wiggins from Garmin-Slipstream, Michael Barry, and Ben Swift from were made before the beginning of the 2010 season. Prior to their first season six jerseys were screen tested to ensure visibility whilst filmed in race conditions. | [] | [
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projected-23572922-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2010: The beginning | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | The team gained a victory in its first race in January 2010, the Cancer Council Helpline Classic in Adelaide, Australia, a one-day race prior to the Tour Down Under, with Greg Henderson and Chris Sutton taking first and second respectively. Team Sky's first ProTour event was the Tour Down Under in January. The team was awarded a wild-card entry for the Tour de France. Team Sky was also invited to compete in the other two of the year's Grand Tours. In February 2010 the team got its first one-day victory when Juan Antonio Flecha won the Belgian semi-classic Omloop Het Nieuwsblad with a solo break.
On 9 May Wiggins became the first Sky rider to wear the leader's jersey of a Grand Tour when he won the opening prologue of the Giro d'Italia. That same month Ben Swift became the first rider to win an overall classification winning the Tour de Picardie. In the Team's first Tour de France, Geraint Thomas finished second on the cobblestones of stage three, and wore the white jersey as leader of the young rider classification. The Tour was a disappointment for Sky though, with Thomas Löfkvist in 17th overall being their highest placed rider (Wiggins finished in 24th place). Löfkvist led Team Sky at the Vuelta a España, but the team withdrew after stage seven following the death of soigneur Txema González. In total Team Sky recorded 22 wins in their debut season, with a further 50 podiums. | [
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projected-23572922-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2011: Grand Tour breakthrough | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | Team Sky again began the season in Australia, with Ben Swift winning two stages of the Tour Down Under, and finishing third overall. Juan Antonio Flecha and Jeremy Hunt finished fourth and sixth respectively in the Tour of Qatar in February, while Boasson Hagen finished first in the points classification and second overall in the Tour of Oman later that month. In the Classics season, Wiggins finished third overall in Paris–Nice and Geraint Thomas finished second overall at the Dwars door Vlaanderen. The team enjoyed a successful Tour of California, with Ben Swift winning stage two and Greg Henderson taking victory in stage three. At the Giro d'Italia, Thomas Lofkvist was the highest placed Sky rider, finishing 21st overall. The closest the team came to a stage victory was Davide Appollonio's second place on stage 12. Geraint Thomas secured Sky's first overall victory of the season, by winning the five-day Bayern-Rundfahrt race at the end of May. Boasson Hagen and Wiggins also won stages in the event, with Boasson Hagen claiming the points jersey. In June, Wiggins won the Critérium du Dauphiné, an important victory for Sky at the time.
At the Tour de France Sky finished third on stage two, the team time trial. Boasson Hagen secured the team's first ever Tour stage win on stage six. On stage seven, just over from the finish, a crash brought down team leader Wiggins breaking his collarbone and ending his tour. This prompted a change of approach from Sky, with their riders targeting stage wins. On stage nine, Juan Antonio Flecha was hit by a French media car, which resulted in Flecha colliding with rider Johnny Hoogerland, who crashed into a barbed-wire fence. Both riders were able to continue despite sustaining injuries in the incident. Geraint Thomas won the combativity award on stage 12. Boasson Hagen came second to compatriot Thor Hushovd () on stage 16, before winning the next stage with a solo breakaway. He also finished second on the stage 21 on the Champs-Élysées. Rigoberto Urán was the highest placed Sky rider with 24th overall, whilst Boasson Hagen's efforts gave the team two stage wins in an eventful Tour.
After the Tour de France, Boasson Hagen's good form continued, as he won the Vattenfall Cyclassics and took a clean sweep of jerseys at the Eneco Tour. In the third and final Grand Tour of the 2011 season, the Vuelta a España, Sky riders Froome and Wiggins finished second and third respectively in the general classification. Chris Sutton won stage two, while Froome won stage 17 of the event. On 11 October, it was announced that world champion Mark Cavendish would be joining the team for the 2012 season, bringing an end to months of speculation. He was joined by his teammate Bernhard Eisel.
On 17 July 2019, the UCI awarded Froome the Vuelta title after then winner Juan José Cobo was disqualified for abnormalities related to performance-enhancing drugs on his biological passport. This now recognizes Froome as the first British cyclist to win any of the Grand Tours, and the result also elevated Wiggins to second place. | [
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projected-23572922-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2012: Tour de France victory | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | In January, Team Sky confirmed their squad for the 2012 season which included eight new signings, Cavendish, Eisel, Sergio Henao, Danny Pate, Richie Porte, Salvatore Puccio, Luke Rowe and Kanstantsin Sivtsov.
At the Tour Down Under in January, Boasson Hagen won the sprint classification. In February Sky claimed the team classification at the Volta ao Algarve, with Porte winning the overall and Boasson Hagen the points classification. Wiggins won the overall classifications in the Paris–Nice in March and the Tour de Romandie in April.
Sky dominated the Tour de France general classification with Wiggins first and Froome second overall, and Cavendish winning three stages including the sprint on the final stage on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. On 9 September, the team achieved their 100th victory with Lars Petter Nordhaug's win in the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal. The team also topped the UCI World Tour teams classification, with a total score of 1767 points.
In preparation for the 2013 season, the signings of Vasil Kiryienka and David López García from and 2012 Italian national time trial champion, Dario Cataldo from were secured. The team also signed Gabriel Rasch, and on 1 October it was revealed that the team had also signed Joe Dombrowski and Ian Boswell from the Bontrager-Livestrong team as neo-pros. The year's Tour of Britain winner, Jonathan Tiernan-Locke had signed a two-year deal with the team. At the end of the 2012 season, Cavendish moved to , Lars Petter Nordhaug moved to , Davide Appollonio moved to , Juan Antonio Flecha moved to , Alex Dowsett moved to , and Michael Rogers moved to . Michael Barry and Jeremy Hunt both retired.
Doctor Geert Leinders, who had been employed by the Team since 2011, was subject of an internal investigation after allegations of involvement in doping at earlier in his career, and on 9 October it was announced he would no longer work for the team. The impact of the USADA reasoned decision on doping by Lance Armstrong and teammates at the US Postal team led Sky to re-inforce its zero tolerance anti-doping policy, with all riders and staff being subjected to internal interviews. Two members of the coaching staff, Bobby Julich and Steven de Jongh were released from their contracts under the policy. Head Director Sportif Sean Yates also left the squad in October citing personal reasons, although the Telegraph linked his departure to past involvement in doping. | [
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projected-23572922-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2013: The second Tour de France victory | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | The 2013 season began with the Tour Down Under, where Geraint Thomas won stage two and claimed the points classification. In February Froome won the overall classification, points classification and stage 5 Tour of Oman. In March Richie Porte won the Paris–Nice, including two of the last three stages in the race, the queen stage and the concluding time trial. Sergio Henao claimed his first victory for the team at the Volta ao Algarve, whilst Froome took a stage win at Tirreno–Adriatico. The team then picked up a one–two at the Critérium International with Froome securing victory with a win on the final stage and Porte finishing runner up with a victory in the stage two time trial, also securing the points competition.
After his victory in the 2012 Tour de France Bradley Wiggins built his early season around targeting the 2013 Giro d'Italia and supporting Froome in the Tour de France. The team took victory in the stage 2 team time trial, culminating in Salvatore Puccio taking over the pink jersey as leader of the general classification. Wiggins was hampered behind a crash on stage 7 and then himself crashed on stage 8. Wiggins abandoned the Giro due to a chest infection on stage 13.
Froome followed up with overall wins at the Tour de Romandie in April and Critérium du Dauphiné in June. Boasson Hagen retained his Tour of Norway title, winning the points classification and stage four of the race in the process. In July, Froome went on to win the 100th and 2013 edition of the Tour de France; claiming dominant stage victories on the stage eight final climb of Ax 3 Domaines, stage 15 to the summit of Mont Ventoux and the stage 17 individual time trial. Froome was narrowly beaten to the King of the Mountains prize by s Colombian climber and runner up, Nairo Quintana.
After the Tour de France, some of the team's key domestiques secured stage victories at the Eneco Tour (David Lopez), and Vuelta a España (Vasil Kiryienka). After the disappointment of the Giro, Wiggins returned with a renewed focus on the 2013 UCI Road World Championships Individual time trial event. As part of his build up he won the seventh stage time trial at the 2013 Tour de Pologne from Fabian Cancellara by a winning margin of 56 seconds. The team then recorded their first ever victory in their home stage race, with Wiggins claiming the overall title in the Tour of Britain winning the stage three time trial in Knowsley Safari park. Wiggins finished his season with second in the World time trial championships, finishing 46 seconds behind triple world champion, Tony Martin, with the team taking the bronze in the team time trial. | [
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projected-23572922-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2014: Tour failure and the rainbow jersey | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | On 4 June 2013 it was announced that Australian Nathan Earle of the Continental team, , had been signed by the team for the 2014 season. On 1 August 2013, the first day of the cycling transfer window, it was confirmed that Rigoberto Uran would move to for the 2014 season. On 22 August it was announced that Mathew Hayman would leave the team at the completion of the season and join on a 2-year deal. On 6 September it was announced that the Irishman Philip Deignan of would be joining the team after a strong 2013 season. After heavy speculation at the road world championships it was announced on 1 October that Spanish climber, Mikel Nieve, would join the team on a two-year contract, following the closure of his current team () at the end of the season. On 23 December Sebastián Henao (cousin of Team Sky rider Sergio Henao) was announced as the team's final signing for the 2014 season.
The 2014 season started off well. Froome defended and retained his Tour of Oman crown and Kennaugh won his first stage race, the Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali. Throughout the season, the team endured repeated illnesses and injuries. Geraint Thomas pulled out of the Paris–Nice after crashing out on stage seven whilst leading the general classification. Richie Porte abandoned the Tirreno-Adriatico and the Volta Ciclista a Catalunya, resulting in Porte not competing in the Giro d'Italia. A further blow came when Kennaugh pulled out of the Giro, with the team citing illness.
In April, the team's fortune began to turn; Froome defended and won the Tour de Romandie, Wiggins won the overall classification of the Tour of California and Geraint Thomas won overall classification of the Bayern-Rundfahrt – each taking control of the race by winning the individual time trial stage respectively. Poor luck returned at the Critérium du Dauphiné, where Froome crashed whilst wearing the leaders jersey, despite taking three stage wins (two stages for Froome, one for Nieve) Froome finished outside of the top 10, 4' 25" down on race winner Andrew Talansky.
In July, Froome returned to racing to defend his Tour de France victory, hopeful of overall victory. However, Froome crashed twice on stage four and abandoned the race (having also crashed the day before) with Xabier Zandio abandoning on the sixth stage of the race. As a result, Richie Porte inherited team leadership duties but lost time in both the Alpine and Pyrenean stages. The team's highest rider on general classification was Nieve in 18th position, 46 minutes 31 seconds behind the winner, Vincenzo Nibali this marked one of the worst performances of the team at the Tour de France. Not selected to ride the Tour, Kennaugh went on to take his second overall race victory at the Tour of Austria, taking the points classification in the process.
After abandoning the Tour de France, Froome announced he would ride the 2014 Vuelta a España where he finished in second position, finishing one minute ten seconds, behind the winner Alberto Contador. Froome was awarded the overall combativity award for the entire race.
In September, Wiggins returned to the Tour of Britain with the stated aim of defending his title. He finished third overall, winning the final day time trial by eight seconds from Sylvain Chavanel. Wiggins returned to action later in September at the road world championships, again with the aim of winning the time trial event. Wiggins won the time trial by over 25 seconds from perennial opponent, Tony Martin. Wiggins won Team Sky's first ever rainbow jersey.
On 28 July 2014, the team announced that Thomas had signed a two-year contract extension, keeping him at the team until the end of the 2016 season. In September Swift signed a two-year contract extension. On 13 August 2014, Cyclingnews.com reported that Edvald Boasson Hagen would not renew his contract and would leave the team at the end of the season.
After the cycling World Championships, Sky announced that they had signed Leopold König, Nicolas Roche, Wout Poels, and Andrew Fenn, with Lars Petter Nordhaug rejoining the team after two years at Belkin. On 1 October 2014, it was announced that Dario Cataldo would leave the team at the end of the season to join . On 24 October, the team announced the signing of their sixth rider, Elia Viviani. American climber Joe Dombrowski also left Team Sky to join . On 5 January 2015, Wiggins signed a contract extension with the team up until and including the 2015 Paris–Roubaix. | [
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projected-23572922-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2015: The Third Tour de France and another World Championship | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | On 8 January, Richie Porte scored the team's first victory of the season by winning the Australian National Time Trial championships and went on to record the team's first stage win at the Tour Down Under. Elia Viviani scored his first win for the team, taking sprint victory on stage two of the Dubai Tour.
In February the team dominated the Vuelta a Andalucía and Volta ao Algarve with both Froome and Thomas taking both overall wins respectively. At the end of February Stannard scored the team second classic, taking a second successive victory at Omloop Het Nieuwsblad. The victory was made more impressive as Stannard made the four-man selection with three riders; Boonen, Terpstra and Vandenbergh.
The team's next victory came at Paris–Nice where Porte led a team one-two (along with Thomas) at the summit finish of Croix de Chaubouret. Porte won the stage 7 time trial to the summit of Col d'Èze. In the same week, Wout Poels recorded his first win for the team when he secured victory on the fifth stage of Tirreno–Adriatico to Castelraimondo.
In late March, Thomas emerged victorious in E3 Harelbeke after attacking his co-breakaway companions, Zdeněk Štybar and Peter Sagan, and soloing to victory. Ben Swift then won the second stage of Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali the same day and Richie Porte moved into the lead and eventually won the Volta a Catalunya Victory in Catalunya represented Porte's second overall win of the season and the fourth for the team.
In April, Bradley Wiggins won his final time trial for the team at the Three Days of De Panne. Later in the same week, Bradley Wiggins retired from the team and joined his own team, allowing him to focus on the 2016 Olympic Games. In late April Porte won the Giro del Trentino taking a decisive stage victory on the queen stage summit finish to Brentonico. The team then rounded off a successful April by taking victory in the Team Time Trial at the Tour de Romandie, placing Geraint Thomas in the yellow leaders jersey whilst new signing Wout Poels underwent surgery on a broken shoulder bone courtesy of his crash at La Fleche Wallonne.
The team began May with success; Lars Petter Nordhaug took the opening stage win at the inaugural Tour de Yorkshire, whilst Ben Swift crashed out later requiring surgery.
The team entered the 2015 Giro d'Italia with Porte as team leader with the aim of winning the general classification. After limiting the time loss in the stage 1 team time trial Elia Viviani secured the first win for the team in a Grand Tour since the 2013 Vuelta a España on stage 2, also taking over the Maglia rossa. On stage 10 Porte lost 47 seconds, docked two minutes fine for accepting outside intervention, resulting in Porte dropping down to 12th on the general classification. Porte lost more time on the uphill finish on stage 12, a further two minutes on stage 13, and 27 minutes on stage 15. He then abandoned on the second rest day.
Chris Froome returned to action at the Critérium du Dauphiné, as part of his build up for the Tour de France, and the team won three stages and took the overall title for the fourth time. Peter Kennaugh opened the team's account taking the victory on stage one, just in front of the bunch sprint finish. Froome went on to dominate the final two summit finish stages, taking victory at Montée du Bettex (stage 7) and Modane Valfréjus (stage 8) giving him a lead of 10 seconds over Tejay van Garderen.
The team went into the 2015 Tour de France with their "strongest team ever" After a strong performance on the Mur de Huy Froome took over the race lead, and general classification by one second over Tony Martin. As the Tour entered the second week of racing stage 10 saw the first mountains stage, the summit finish of La Pierre-Saint-Martin, where Froome went on to take the stage win, putting significant time into his general classification rivals. During the remainder of the race the team faced intense scrutiny regarding their dominant performances; Porte was punched in the ribs by a spectator in the Pyrenees, and Froome had urine thrown at him by another spectator.
On the first rest of the Tour de France Porte confirmed he would leave the team at the end of the season. This would later, in August, be confirmed to be . The team signed Alex Peters and Tao Geoghegan Hart as stagiares for the remainder of the season, with the former also signing for two years. In September, Mikel Landa confirmed his move to the team for the 2016 season, with Mikel Nieve also signing a two-year extension with the team. Later, in the same month the team then signed their second neo-pro, Gianni Moscon, Michal Golas, Danny van Poppel, Beñat Intxausti and the 2014 World Road Race champion Michał Kwiatkowski. On 28 September the team confirmed that Nathan Earle, Bernhard Eisel, Danny Pate, Richie Porte, Kanstantsin Siutsou and Chris Sutton would be leaving the team. The team also confirmed that Ian Boswell, Philip Deignan, Sebastian Henao, Peter Kennaugh, Vasil Kiryienka, Christian Knees, Mikel Nieve, Luke Rowe, Ian Stannard and Xabier Zandio would be staying after signing new contract extensions.
Later in September Sky retained the World Time Trial Championships in Richmond when Vasil Kiryienka won by nine seconds from Adriano Malori. | [
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projected-23572922-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2016: First Monument win and the fourth Tour victory | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | With Chris Froome delaying the start of his season a number of key deluxe-domestiques were afforded opportunities to aim for race victories at the start of the season. Peter Kennaugh took the team's first one-day race win at the second Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race, whilst Wout Poels claimed his first overall GC victory at the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana, in the process taking two stages, the mountains and the points classifications. Froome returned towards the end of the Australian cycling season to claim the team's first ever GC win at the Herald Sun Tour. Geraint Thomas enjoyed a successful start to his 2016 campaign, notching up overall victories at Volta ao Algarve (for the second successive year) and Paris–Nice. Thomas' victory in the French stage race means that Sky have won four of the past five editions.
Sky entered the spring classics campaign with the perennial aim of claiming their first monument race. New recruit, Michał Kwiatkowski, took his first victory for the team in the E3 Harelbeke semi-classic. As the classics campaign progressed the team showed great consistency, but fell short of their goal again, taking second in Milan–San Remo, fifth at the Tour of Flanders and third at Paris–Roubaix. Upon entering the Ardennes classics the team pinned their hopes on Kwiatkowski at La Fleche Wallonne, to no avail. Entering the final monument of the spring, Liège–Bastogne–Liège, the team again led with Kwiatkowski. Sky finally achieved their coveted monument win, but it wasn't Kwiatkowski, but rather, domestique Wout Poels who emerged victorious on a day with poor weather conditions and enduring snow.
New recruit Mikel Landa claimed his first overall win for team – taking the GC at the 2016 Giro del Trentino only a week after claiming his first stage win for the team. Landa's stated aim for the first half of the season is the Giro d'Italia. Froome added to Sky's race win total by successfully defending his Critérium du Dauphiné title after taking the overall lead with a victory on stage 5 to Vaujany, becoming the fifth rider to win the overall title three times.
The team went into the 2016 Tour de France with what was without question an even stronger squad than the previous year. A week into the race on stage 8, Froome took many by surprise by attacking on the descent of the Col de Peyresourde which caught his main rivals off guard, resulting in a solo victory into Bagnères-de-Luchon to take the yellow jersey. On stage 11 to Montpellier in crosswinds, he gained more time as part of a 4-man breakaway in the final 12 kilometres of the stage alongside green jersey wearer Peter Sagan, Sagan's Tinkoff teammate Maciej Bodnar, and Froome's own teammate Geraint Thomas, placing second to Sagan in a sprint finish.
On stage 12 to Mont Ventoux (which was shortened to Chalet Reynard due to high winds), Froome was involved in a crash involving a stopped motorbike that also sent Richie Porte and Bauke Mollema down. With no usable bike, Froome had no choice but to run partway up the mountain until he was able to get a spare bike from his team car. Provisionally he had fallen to sixth place overall which would have given the yellow jersey to Adam Yates, however race officials decided to give him and Porte the same time as Mollema, ensuring Froome would hold on to his first overall position.
Superb performances in both the individual time trials (second on stage 13 to La Caverne du Pont-d'Arc and winner of stage 18 to Megève) allowed Froome to gain even more time on his rivals, and despite a crash on stage 19 to Saint-Gervais-les-Bains where he finished the stage on Thomas' bike with support from Wout Poels, it was enough for him to win the race overall 4:05 ahead of second-placed Romain Bardet, becoming the first British rider to win the Tour on three occasions, the fourth rider to become a 3-time winner (joining Philippe Thys, Louison Bobet and Greg LeMond), and the first since Miguel Indurain in 1995 to successfully defend his title. It was also the first time the team finished a Grand Tour with all nine riders intact.
Sky started off their 2016 Vuelta a España campaign in late August by winning the team time trial on stage 1 and holding the red jersey for 2 days before surrendering it on stage 3, where Chris Froome took a 4th-place finish at Mirador de Ézaro to elevate himself into third place in the overall standings. He then got the victory on stage 11 at Peña Cabarga, the very same mountain where he got his first-ever Grand Tour stage win in 2011, and put himself into second overall just under a minute behind race leader Nairo Quintana.
A series of early attacks by Quntana and Alberto Contador on stage 15 to Aramon Formigal blew the race apart, causing Froome to be isolated from his teammates and to lose more than 2 and a half minutes on his rival. He gained most of that time back on the stage 19 time trial to Calp with a dominant performance, but was unable to make up the difference in the penultimate stage, finishing second overall in the end by just 1:23 behind Quintana. It was Froome's second Grand Tour podium following his win at the Tour de France, and just coming off of winning the bronze medal in the time trial at the Olympic Games in Rio.
In August 2016 the news broke that the team had signed Olympic Team Pursuit champion, Owain Doull from and Tao Geoghegan Hart from Later, in the same month, the team confirmed their third signing of the season – Polish rider Łukasz Wiśniowski from . For the 2017 season Nicolas Roche will leave for , as well as Andy Fenn, Lars Petter Nordhaug (both to new Irish team Aqua Blue Sport) and Leopold König (to ). Luke Rowe, Chris Froome, Christian Knees, Salvatore Puccio and Geraint Thomas have renewed with the team. In September the team announced the signing of Kenny Elissonde from on a two-year deal. On 30 September, Wout Poels signed a three-year contract extension with the team. Elia Viviani signed a new 2-year deal on 26 October. The team announced on 27 October that it had signed Diego Rosa from on a 3-year deal, and on 8 November announced the signing of Doull's WIGGINS teammate Jonathan Dibben.
The team finished the 2016 season 3rd overall in the UCI World Tour team rankings, with Froome as its highest-ranked rider, finishing 3rd overall in the individual rider ranking. | [
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projected-23572922-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2017: The Grand Tour double and Milan–San Remo | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | Sky started the 2017 season with three stage wins at the Herald Sun Tour as well as winning the teams classification, with new team member Kenny Elissonde finishing on the podium in 3rd place and Chris Froome finishing sixth overall. The team's first race win of the season came at Strade Bianche when Michał Kwiatkowski took a solo victory after attacking 15 kilometers from the finish. Geraint Thomas took a stage win at Tirreno-Adriatico and held the leader's jersey for one day, also taking the overall victory and one stage win at the Tour of the Alps. Sky won Paris–Nice for the fifth time in sixth years courtesy of Sergio Henao, who won the race overall by just two seconds over Alberto Contador. Kwiatkowski added to Sky's win total by winning Milan–San Remo in a three-up sprint, giving the team its second Monument win. Neo-pro Jonathan Dibben won the individual time trial stage at the Tour of California, the team also winning the team classification with Tao Geoghegan Hart and Ian Boswell placing in the final top ten overall.
Thomas and Mikel Landa were appointed the team's joint leaders for the Giro d'Italia. At one point in the race, Thomas was sitting second in the general classification, however on the 9th stage to Blockhaus a fair chunk of the peloton was involved in a crash involving a stopped motorbike, which took down Thomas, Landa and most of the other members of the team. Thomas attempted a comeback after placing second in the following day's time trial, but the extent of his injuries were as such that he abandoned the race prior to stage 11. Landa continued as sole leader, taking several top-3 finishes on several mountain stages before finally winning stage 19 to Piancavallo. He went on to win the mountains classification and the super-combativity prize, also winning the Cima Coppi for being the first to cross the summit of the Stelvio Pass on stage 16. The team then participated in the inaugural Hammer Series, a three-day event pitting teams against each other in various skills competitions. Impressive performances by Tao Geoghegan Hart in the climbing event and Elia Viviani in the sprint event gave the team enough points to take the overall lead. In the team time trial-style Chase event, they held on by one second over Team Sunweb to win the entire competition. Froome returned to action at the Critérium du Dauphiné and finished fourth overall, just one second off the podium. Teammate Peter Kennaugh won the penultimate stage at Alpe d'Huez.
The team then went into the Tour de France with yet another strong lineup and the goal to help Froome achieve his fourth overall victory. In the opening prologue stage in Düsseldorf the team placed four riders within the top eight led by Geraint Thomas, who became the first Welsh rider to wear the yellow jersey. He was followed by Vasil Kiryienka in third, Froome in 6th and Kwiatkowski in eighth – Froome putting between 35 seconds and nearly a minute into most of his general classification rivals. On stage five to La Planche des Belles Filles, Froome took third place behind stage winner Fabio Aru, moving him into yellow and Thomas to second place. The 1–2 placing on GC held until stage nine to Chambéry, when Thomas was involved in a crash on the descent of the Col de la Biche and had to abandon the race with a fractured collarbone. On stage 12 to Peyragudes, Froome cracked within the final kilometer, ceding 22 seconds and the yellow jersey to Aru. On the final approach on stage 14 to Rodez the team stretched out the peloton, splitting it into several groups due to crosswinds allowing Froome to put 25 seconds into Aru, enough to retake yellow by a margin of 18 seconds overall. On stage 15 to Le Puy-en-Velay, Froome ran into mechanical trouble on the ascent of the Col de Peyra Taillade and was distanced by more than 40 seconds thanks to a brutal acceleration by the AG2R La Mondiale team, but with the help of his teammates he managed to make it back to the main group of GC contenders to keep his overall lead intact. Froome and Landa performed strongly in the Alpine stages to Serre Chevalier and Izoard helping Landa move into fourth overall. In the final time trial in Marseille, Froome's strength in the discipline helped him put nearly two minutes into Romain Bardet and 25 seconds into Rigoberto Urán, finishing third on the stage six seconds behind stage winner Maciej Bodnar and 5 seconds behind second-place Kwiatkowski. Froome secured his fourth Tour victory and third consecutively, putting him one win away from joining the likes of Anquétil, Indurain, Merckx and Hinault. He also became the 7th man to win the Tour overall without winning a stage, however he did amass ten top-ten finishes. Sky also won the team classification for the first time in their history, leading from start to finish.
A week after the end of the Tour de France, Kwiatkowski continued his strong rides in the one-day classics by winning the Clásica de San Sebastián, and on 8 August signed a three-year contract extension. After months of recovery following his injury, Wout Poels returned to form by winning the final stage of the Tour de Pologne and finishing third overall, with teammate Diego Rosa taking the mountains classification. Landa followed up his performance in the Tour with overall victory in the Vuelta a Burgos, also winning two stages, the mountains classification and the points classification.
The team sent its strongest-ever squad to the Vuelta a España, with Froome on a mission to finally win the race that had eluded him on multiple occasions. After a 4th-place finish in the opening team time trial in Nîmes, Froome took third place on the third stage at Andorra behind Vincenzo Nibali. Combined with bonus seconds picked up from the stage's intermediate sprint, it was enough to move him into the overall race lead, collecting his first red jersey since stage 10 in 2011. Several days later, he took his first stage win of his season at Cumbre del Sol, which also moved him into the lead in the points classification, followed by a second-place finish at Calar Alto on stage 11. The following day to Antequera, Froome crashed twice after a mechanical, but managed to limit his time losses with the help of his teammates and bounced back on the next 3 stages with consecutive top-10 finishes and regained the points lead after stage 15. Froome then dominated the stage 16 individual time trial to Logroño, extending his lead to nearly 2 minutes ahead of Nibali. However, he struggled on the steep slopes to Los Machucos the next day, dropping about 40 seconds to Nibali. He regained half that loss on stage 18, and cemented the overall lead as well as the combination classification with a third-place finish at Alto de l'Angliru behind Alberto Contador on stage 20. In a bunch sprint finish on the final stage in Madrid, he held on to the points classification by two points over Matteo Trentin. With the victory, Froome became the first British rider to win the Vuelta, the third man to complete the Tour-Vuelta double in the same year (joining Jacques Anquetil and Bernard Hinault), and the first to complete the feat in the modern era since the Vuelta moved to its current August–September time period. A week after the Vuelta victory, the team won the bronze medal in the team time trial at the 2017 UCI Road World Championships in Bergen.
On 30 June, the eve of the Tour de France Grand Départ, Froome signed a 2-year contract extension with the team. The team announced the signings of Jonathan Castroviejo () and David de la Cruz () for the 2018 season. On 27 August 2017, the team also announced the signing of 2017 Tour de l'Avenir winner Egan Bernal (). A day later, they announced the signings of reigning Under 23 Road Race World Champion Kristoffer Halvorsen () and 2017 Girobio overall winner Pavel Sivakov (), Then on 1 September, it was revealed that 2017 British Under-23 road race champion Chris Lawless had also been signed from . Dylan van Baarle () was signed on 18 September 2017. On 5 December 2017, the team announced that they had signed Leonardo Basso, a stagaire with . Whilst Mikel Landa transferred to Movistar, Mikel Nieve to , Peter Kennaugh to and Ian Boswell to . Elia Viviani ended his contract a year early to join QuickStep for the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Christian Knees, Michal Golas, Sebastian Henao, Phil Deignan, David Lopez and Ian Stannard all signed multi-year contract extensions.
The team finished the 2017 season on top of the UCI World Tour team ranking for the first time since 2012. Chris Froome was the highest-ranked rider in the individual rankings, placing second. | [
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projected-23572922-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2018: Grand Tour domination | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | The team's first victory of the year came via highly regarded new recruit, Egan Bernal claiming victory in the Colombian national time trial championships. Teammate Sergio Henao would also claim victory in the national road race championships leading to a clean sweep of national titles. Bernal continued his strong early season form, claiming overall victory at the Colombia Oro y Paz. As the European stage racing season kicked-off Wout Poels and David de la Cruz claimed victories at Vuelta a Andalucía. Michal Kwiatkowski and Geraint Thomas claimed a one–two victory at Volta ao Algarve. Poels and de la Cruz continued their strong form, claiming stage victories at Paris–Nice, whilst Kwiatkowski claimed a second overall general classification victory, winning Tirreno–Adriatico – the team's first victory at the race.
In the lead up to the first Grand Tour of the year, the 2018 Giro d'Italia, Diego Rosa emerged victorious at Settimana Internazionale Coppi e Bartali, claiming his first overall win for the team. New recruits; Chris Lawless and Pavel Sivakov also claimed their first classification victories for the team, with Lawless also winning a stage of the race. Bernal had been en route to claim second place at his first World Tour event of the year, Volta a Catalunya, however a late crash on the final stage of the race saw Bernal abandon. Bernal would next race at the Tour de Romandie where he would win the stage three time trial and with it, the young rider classification. Moving on to the 2018 Tour of California, Bernal would lead the team's general classification ambitions, resulting in his first World Tour stage race victory, claiming two stages as well.
Chris Froome would enter the Giro d'Italia as favourite to win the overall race. As the current champion of both the Tour de France and Vuelta a España, Froome had the opportunity to join an elite group of riders who concurrently held all Grand Tour titles. The Giro started in Israel for the first time and before the race had begun Froome had already crashed during a recon of the first stage time trial route. Froome would cede over 30 seconds to main race rival, Tom Dumoulin as well as 20 seconds to Simon Yates. As the race returned to Italian land, Froome found himself over 50 seconds down on the maglia rosa – Rohan Dennis. By the end of stage six, the races first summit finish at the top of Mount Etna Froome had moved up to eighth position overall, but had lost over a minute to new race leader, Yates. By the end of the eighth stage and third mountain-top finish at Gran Sasso d'Italia, Froome trailed Yates by nearly two and a half minutes, with general classification hopes looking all but impossible. Froome's domestiques, Poels and Sergio Henao, were 18th and 25th overall 3' 14" and 5' 56" behind the race leader. By the end of stage 13, Froome had slipped back to 12th overall 3' 20" behind race leader, Yates. Stage 14 would see the riders face the fearsome climb of Monte Zoncolan, with gradients reaching nearly 20%. Froome attacked the main selection of favourites, winning the stage from Yates. Unfortunately however, Froome's improved form would not be maintained into stage 15, with Yates claiming the victory on the medium-mountain stage by a margin of 41 seconds over everyone else. Yates' lead in the race would now grow to 2' 11" over Dumoulin and 4' 52" over Froome – who was now sat in seventh place overall. The time trial on stage 16, from Trento to Rovereto, had been a focus-point for Froome, hoping to claw back significant amounts of time over Yates' by virtue of his stronger time-trialling ability. Froome would cut the deficit to 3' 50" by the end of the stage, having taken back over a minute from Yates. Deep into the third week of the race, stage 18 would see the first sign of weakness from Yates, cracking on the final climb of the day to Prato Nevoso, with the deficit to Dumoulin in second cut to 28 seconds and 3' 22" to Froome. Stage 19 of the 2018-edition of the race had been designated as the races' queen stage, starting in Venaria Reale, the stage would climb over a trio of mountains; the part-gravel Colle delle Finestre, climb to Sestriere ending at Bardonecchia. Yates' poor form continued into stage 19, culminating in him being dropped by the peloton on the lower slopes of the Finestre, promoting Domoulin to virtual race leader. With over 80 kilometres remaining in the stage Froome attacked the peloton on the gravel section of the Finestre, pulling away from the main group of favourites. This attack would continue over the subsequent two climbs with Froome ultimately winning the stage by three minutes from second place Richard Carapaz, but importantly by over 3' 20" from Dumoulin. Froome was now leading the race overall by 40 seconds from Dumoulin with two stages remaining. Froome would maintain his race lead, becoming the fifth rider to simultaneously hold all three grand tour titles. Froome also won the mountains classification largely due to his stage 19 exploits, and Team Sky won the overall team classification.
As the cycling season entered the European summer, the build to the 2018 Tour de France had begun. Geraint Thomas claimed overall victory at the Critérium du Dauphiné improving his chances of being promoted to team-leader for the Tour de France. The team would go on to score a number of national title victories: Jonathan Castroviejo won the Spanish time trial title, Kwiatkowski the Polish road race, Dylan van Baarle the Dutch time trial, Thomas the British time trial and Vasil Kiryienka the Belarusian time trial.
As the Tour de France began, the team lead with a two-pronged attack, incumbent champion Froome hoping for a fourth straight grand tour win and fifth overall title and Thomas reigning Dauphiné champion and super-domestique in previous editions of the race. By the end of the first week of racing Thomas had ridden a flawless race and was second overall, only six seconds behind Greg Van Avermaet. Froome on the other hand was 14th, over a minute behind the Belgian race leader. Thomas and Froome both lost time to Van Avermaet on stage nine as the race transitioned across the cobbles of Roubaix, with Thomas 43 seconds and Froome 1' 42" behind the race leader. By the end of stage 10 these deficits had grown to 2' 22 for Thomas and 3' 21" for Froome. As the race entered the Alps Thomas would cement his control on the race and the team, claiming consecutive victories at the summit finishes of La Rosière and Alpe d'Huez. By the end of stage 12 Thomas lead had grown to 1' 39" over team-mate Froome. Colombian prodigy, Bernal, in his first grand tour of his career was 19th overall 21' 22" behind Thomas. Following the 15th stage, controversy arouse around Gianni Moscon, who had been seen punching Fortuneo–Samsic rider Élie Gesbert during the opening kilometres of the stage. After reviewing footage of the incident, the race jury disqualified him for 'particularly serious aggression', leaving Sky with 7 riders for the remaining stages. On stage 17 Froome cracked, slipping to third overall 2' 31" behind Thomas. This promoted Giro d'Italia runner-up, Tom Dumoulin, to second overall 1' 59" behind Welshman Thomas. Thomas would ultimately win the race overall, and the team would record their fourth consecutive grand tour win, fifth Tour de France title and second successive year achieving more than one grand tour win. Thanks to his second-place performance on the penultimate day time trial, Froome joined Thomas on the final podium finishing third overall.
Into the latter part of the season, Kwiatkowski would maintain his good form from the Tour de France, winning his home stage race – the Tour de Pologne, claiming two stage wins. He would head into the final grand tour of the year, the Vuelta a España, as the team's general classification leader but would finish 43rd overall, nearly an hour and three quarters behind race winner, Simon Yates. The teams best finisher was de la Cruz, 15th overall and 28 minutes behind the race winner. The team would go onto claim two stage wins at the Tour of Britain courtesy of Poels and Ian Stannard. Gianni Moscon returned after a five-week suspension in good form as the road to the final monument of the year began, winning Coppa Agostoni and the Giro della Toscana, as well as the Italian national time trial title. Moscon would go onto take the overall victory at the 2018 Tour of Guangxi – the team's final victory of the year. | [
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projected-23572922-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2019: Transition to new sponsorship | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | In mid-December 2018, Sky announced they would withdraw their sponsorship as part of an ongoing review brought on by their acquisition by Comcast. 21st Century Fox also announced that it would end its partnership at the end of the season, forcing the team into a sponsorship search in order to continue. In February 2019, Cyclingnews.com reported that potential sponsorship could be sourced via a combination of the Colombian government and state-controlled oil and gas company, Ecopetrol. Later reports claimed that no deal had been forthcoming. In mid-March, Cyclingnews.com again broke the news that another potential sponsor had been found. The report linked the team with British-based multi-national chemical company, Ineos, with the team expected to become Team Ineos for the 2020 season. Ineos is controlled by Manchester-born billionaire, Jim Ratcliffe, who has amassed an estimated fortune of over £21 billion. Ratcliffe has also invested over £100 million in Ben Ainslie's sailing team. The web-domain "TeamIneos.com" was discovered to have been registered on 5 March, and the Twitter handle "@teamineos" was also registered. On 19 March, Team Sky confirmed its new title sponsor, announcing it was to be renamed 'Team Ineos' on 1 May, ahead of the 2019 Tour de Yorkshire. However, the UCI's rules prevent teams from racing under different names at the same time – Sky had planned to take part in the 2019 Tour de Romandie, starting on 30 April as well as the Tour de Yorkshire. As a consequence, it announced that the Romandie would be the first race under the Ineos name, with the team wearing a special black kit, while the Yorkshire would see the launch of the team's new colours.
For the 2019 season the team signed world individual pursuit champion, Filippo Ganna and former rider, Ben Swift (); former Ecuadorian national road champion, Jhonatan Narváez (). After a protracted transfer the team also signed Colombian talent – Ivan Sosa (). Philip Deignan and David López retired, Sergio Henao left to join , Beñat Intxausti joined Euskadi–Murias and Łukasz Wiśniowski joined the newly Polish-sponsored BMC team, CCC Pro Team. Jonathan Dibben also left the team. | [
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projected-23572922-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | 2020: Ineos Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | For the 2020 season the team announced a number of new signings: 2019 Giro d'Italia champion, Richard Carapaz (), double and reigning Time Trial World Champion, Rohan Dennis, Ethan Hayter, Brandon Rivera (GW–Shimano) and Carlos Rodriguez.
David de la Cruz left the team to join , Kenny Elissonde joined , Kristoffer Halvorsen joined (EF Education First Pro Cycling), Wout Poels joined Team Bahrain McLaren and Diego Rosa joined Arkéa–Samsic.
Ineos had the highest payroll of any team in cycling for the 2020 season, and of the top ten highest paid riders in the sport, five of them rode for Ineos. In Euros, Carapaz was paid 2.1 million, Kwiatkowski 2.5 million, Bernal 2.7 million, Geraint Thomas 3.5 million and Chris Froome was the 2nd highest paid cyclist in the sport contracted to make 4.5 million.
On 30 January 2020, the team announced the retirement of Vasil Kiryienka due to heart problems. The following day, Australian Cameron Wurf joined the squad.
On 3 March 2020, the team's lead sports director Nicolas Portal passed away suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 40. A day later, the team announced that it would temporarily withdraw from racing until 23 March in time for the Volta a Catalunya. The reasoning behind the decision was twofold: to allow the team to properly mourn Portal's passing, and to keep all its members safe amidst the growing coronavirus outbreak which saw the final two stages of the UAE Tour cancelled.
Additional races on the 2020 calendar were either postponed to later in the year or cancelled outright due to restrictions and lockdowns in several European countries forced by the pandemic. On 12 April, the entire team took part in a special event via interactive cycling site Zwift. Over 15,000 fans from around the world rode with the team in a virtual group ride, which was followed by an e-race where all 30 riders on the active roster competed against each other. It was streamed on YouTube and the team's Facebook page, with commentary by Eurosport's Rob Hatch and Matt Stephens. The race was won by Rohan Dennis.
On 9 July 2020, it was announced that the contract of Chris Froome would not be renewed, ending his 10-year association with the team. An hour later, Froome signed a multi-year deal with Israel Start-Up Nation for the 2021 season. | [] | [
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projected-23572922-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Sponsorship and budgets | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | According to the results of a study commissioned by Cyclingnews.com and performed by Repucom, the team gave more media value to their sponsors and partners than any other cycling team. The team delivered approximately $550m in advertising value, the highest amount achieved by any professional team.
BSkyB provided £30 million in sponsorship for the team and will back the team as name sponsor until the end of 2013. The team also receives further sponsorship from 21st Century Fox (previously News Corporation) and Sky Italia. Pinarello supplies bicycle frames and forks. On 5 January 2010, Adidas were announced as the team's official apparel and accessories partner. Gatorade, Marks & Spencer, Oakley, IG Markets are additional sponsors and Jaguar are providers of the team cars.
The team jerseys were changed to black and green beginning with the 2011 Tour de France, when the team formed Sky Rainforest Rescue, a three-year partnership with WWF to help raise awareness of deforestation in Brazil. At the 2018 Tour de France, the team wore special kit in support of the Sky Ocean Rescue initiative, with the goal of eliminating single-use plastic team-wide by 2020.
On 25 June 2013, the team announced that the logo of 21st Century Fox (the direct successor to News Corporation following the spin-off of its publishing business) would appear on the team's kit and team vehicles.
On the second rest day of the 2016 Tour de France, the team announced they had signed a four-year extension with Pinarello – supplying the team with bikes until 2020.
Castelli started providing the team's kit beginning in 2017 after their 3-year partnership with Rapha ended. The new kit was revealed during the Rouleur Classic event on 3 November 2016.
On 12 December 2018, Sky's parent company 21st Century Fox confirmed that they would withdraw sponsorship of the team at the end of the 2019 season, but would until the 2019 Tour de France seek a new sponsor.
On 19 March 2019, Team Sky announced that Ineos, a multinational chemicals company owned by Jim Ratcliffe, would become the new title sponsor as of 1 May 2019.
In 2021, the team announced that Belgian kit manufacturer Bioracer will provide the team kit from 2022 onwards. | [
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projected-23572922-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Media | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | A five-part documentary series following the team's 2012 season, Team Sky and British Cycling: The Road to Glory, premiered on Sky Atlantic on 30 August 2012. Another documentary Bradley Wiggins: A Year in Yellow, following Wiggins's exploits in the 2012 season was first shown on the same channel in November 2012. The team have also produced two books chronicling the 2012 Tour de France and 2013 season- 21 Days to Glory and The Pain and the Glory. | [] | [
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projected-23572922-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Doping policy | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | The team claims to have a zero-tolerance approach to doping. All its riders and staff must sign an agreement that they have no past or present involvement in taking illegal substances. Anyone breaching the agreement at any time must leave the squad. Previous team members such as team doctor Geert Leinders, sports director Steven de Jongh and coach Bobby Julich have all left the team when their involvement in doping prior to working with Sky became known.
This approach has been criticised by David Howman of WADA, who has argued that fear of losing their job will discourage people with a history of doping from confessing.
Although there have been speculations that Team Sky's tactics and success imply use of banned substances, Brailsford has strenuously denied any team use of illegal substances, citing his team's success in the Olympics as proof that you don't need to dope to dominate.
In September 2013, Jonathan Tiernan-Locke was asked by the UCI to explain a potential discrepancy in his biological passport data. In December 2013, British Cycling confirmed it had been instructed to begin disciplinary proceedings against Tiernan-Locke by the UCI. Sky stated the blood values in question were taken in 2012, when Tiernan-Locke was a member of the squad, and he was suspended from all team activities pending a decision. In July 2014 Tiernan-Locke was banned from competition until 31 December 2015 by the UCI, resulting in his contract with the team being terminated with immediate effect.
In March 2014, Sergio Henao was removed from race schedules for at least eight weeks pending the conclusion of an "altitude research programme", following tests that were taken over the winter whilst Henao was training at altitude in Colombia. In June 2014, Henao returned to racing at the Tour de Suisse, after completing an independent research programme investigating the physiology of "altitude natives" in conjunction with the University of Sheffield.
In April 2016, the Cycling Anti-Doping Foundation (CADF) opened an investigation into Sergio Henao's biological passport data from between 2011 and 2015. As a result, the team withdrew Henao from their active roster. After investigation, including a review of the research done in the previous year for Team Sky, CADF declared Henao had no case to answer, and he was restored to the racing squad.
In December 2017 Chris Froome returned an adverse analytical finding (AAF) for salbutamol over the WADA threshold of 1000 ng/mL, potentially resulting in a ban and the loss of his 2017 Vuelta title. On 2 July 2018, the UCI with the assistance of WADA concluded there was no AAF upon further investigation of the evidence and closed the case against Froome, exonerating him from any wrongdoing which allowed his Vuelta title to stand. Both Froome and the team welcomed the decision. | [
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projected-23572922-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Therapeutic use exemptions | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | In September 2016, Russian cyber espionage group Fancy Bear hacked the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ADAMS anti-doping system and released data on a number of athletes, including Chris Froome and Bradley Wiggins. Therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) are medical exemptions athletes can be given when they need treatment for pre-existing medical conditions where the drugs used in the treatment are on the WADA prohibited compound list. The leak demonstrated that Wiggins had received TUEs for triamcinolone acetonide in June 2011, June 2012 and April 2013, a number of days before the start of the 2011 Tour de France, 2012 Tour de France, and 2013 Giro d'Italia respectively. Wiggins also received TUEs for salbutamol, fluticasone, formoterol and budesonide whilst at Team Highroad. Froome had received TUEs for prednisolone in May 2013 and during the 2014 Tour de Romandie.
In response Froome said he had "no issues" with the leak whilst Wiggins's spokesperson said "there's nothing new here". | [] | [
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projected-23572922-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | UKAD investigation | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | In October 2016, UK Anti-Doping (UKAD) opened an investigation into Team Sky and British Cycling. It was revealed that Simon Cope delivered a package, to the team, during the 2011 Critérium du Dauphiné, giving it to team Doctor Richard Freeman confirming the package contained some form of medicine. Neither the team nor Cope could confirm the exact contents of the package. Former rider, Jonathan Tiernan-Locke (who has since served a ban for an anti-doping violation) claimed that Freeman had administered Tramadol to the British national team during the 2012 UCI Road World Championships. In late October, parliament announced it would open an investigation into the relationship between the medical package and former rider, Bradley Wiggins. In December 2016, UCI President Brian Cookson urged both Team Sky and general manager, Dave Brailsford to give "full disclosure" about what was in the package. British Cycling has warned Cope about his relationship with both the team as well as the British National team.
In December 2016, Brailsford announced that the package contained the legal drug, Fluimucil – a mucolytic compound which helps the body to remove sticky and thick mucus that can often be found obstructing the airway, resulting in coughing. British Cycling officials maintained that they did not know the contents of the package.
In March 2017, British Cycling admitted its failure in correctly recording the contents of the package, whilst the team maintained that no anti-doping rules had been broken.
In early March news broke around a number of riders potentially considering asking Brailsford to resign from the team, however on the same day Geraint Thomas, Luke Rowe, Tao Geoghegan Hart, Peter Kennaugh, Michal Kwiatkowski and Elia Viviani came out in support of their General Manager.
In March, former team rider, Joshua Edmondson admitted to the BBC that he violated the team's "no needle" policy by injecting himself with a cocktail of vitamins – carnitine, folic acid, 'TAD' (reduced glutathione) – two or three times a week, for a month. The team stated that they found the vitamins, which were not prohibited compounds, and needles in the riders room. A day later the UCI's Cycling Anti-Doping Foundation asked UK Anti-Doping to assess Edmondson's admission.
On 15 November 2017, the UKAD announced that it had closed its investigation and filed no charges, citing that it was impossible to determine the contents of the package. Both the team and British Cycling issued statements welcoming its conclusion. | [] | [
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projected-23572922-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | UK Parliamentary report into "Combatting doping in sport" | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | In March 2018, The Commons Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee published the report Combatting doping in sport. The report stated that Team Sky had "crossed an ethical line" by using medical drugs to "enhance the performance of riders" and that Brailsford must "take responsibility for the "damaging scepticism about the legitimacy of his team's performance and accomplishments." Following the report Bradley Wiggins, in an interview with the BBC, claimed that he "100 per cent did not cheat", and believed he was a victim of a smear campaign. He was also critical of the 'anonymous' source, demanding that the source should be made public. Chris Froome later came out in support of Brailsford remaining team principal, rubbishing the accusations laid out in the report whilst Geraint Thomas said that the team had never even joked about using corticosteroids. Former rider, Bernhard Eisel being interviewed at the 2018 Tirreno–Adriatico, also denied any drug use during his tenure with the team. Eisel also criticised reports for a lack of verifiable proof, further suggesting that this had "created a vacuum, within which he [Eisel] felt social media had filled in the blanks" as well as criticising comments made by former cyclist, Floyd Landis, regarding the removal of Wiggins's 2012 title. | [] | [
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projected-23572922-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | National, continental, world and Olympic champions | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | 2010
British Road Race, Geraint Thomas
British Time Trial, Bradley Wiggins
Norway Time Trial, Edvald Boasson Hagen
2011
British Road Race, Bradley Wiggins
British Time Trial, Alex Dowsett
Finland Road Race, Kjell Carlström
Norway Time Trial, Edvald Boasson Hagen
2012
Norway Road Race, Edvald Boasson Hagen
British Road Race, Ian Stannard
British Time Trial, Alex Dowsett
World Track (Team Pursuit), Geraint Thomas and Peter Kennaugh
Olympic Time Trial, Bradley Wiggins
Olympic Team Pursuit, Geraint Thomas and Peter Kennaugh
2013
Norway Time Trial, Edvald Boasson Hagen
Belarus Time Trial, Kanstantsin Sivtsov
2014
British Road Race, Peter Kennaugh
British Time Trial, Bradley Wiggins
Belarus Time Trial, Kanstantsin Sivtsov
World Time Trial, Bradley Wiggins
2015
Australian Time Trial, Richie Porte
Belarus Time Trial, Vasil Kiryienka
British Road Race, Peter Kennaugh
World Time Trial, Vasil Kiryienka
European Omnium, Elia Viviani
2016
Czech Time Trial, Leopold König
Irish Time Trial, Nicolas Roche
Irish Road Race, Nicolas Roche
Olympic omnium, Elia Viviani
2017
Colombia Road Race, Sergio Henao
Polish Time Trial, Michał Kwiatkowski
Italian Time Trial, Gianni Moscon
2018
Colombia Time Trial, Egan Bernal
Colombia Road Race, Sergio Henao
Spain Time Trial, Jonathan Castroviejo
Polish Road Race, Michał Kwiatkowski
Dutch Time Trial, Dylan van Baarle
British Time Trial, Geraint Thomas
Belarusian Time Trial, Vasil Kiryienka
Italian Time Trial, Gianni Moscon
2019
World Track (Individual Pursuit), Filippo Ganna
Italian Time Trial, Filippo Ganna
Spain Time Trial, Jonathan Castroviejo
British Road Race, Ben Swift
2020
World Track (Individual Pursuit), Filippo Ganna
Italian Time Trial, Filippo Ganna
World Time Trial, Filippo Ganna
2021
Olympic Road Race, Richard Carapaz
Olympic Cross-country, Tom Pidcock
Olympic Team Pursuit, Filippo Ganna
European Team relay, Filippo Ganna
World Time Trial, Filippo Ganna
British Time Trial, Ethan Hayter
British Criterium, Ethan Hayter
British Road Race, Ben Swift
World Track (Team Pursuit), Filippo Ganna
World Track (Omnium), Ethan Hayter
2022
Australian Road Race, Luke Plapp
World Cyclo-cross, Tom Pidcock
Colombian Time Trial, Daniel Martínez
Ecuador Time Trial, Richard Carapaz
Italian Time Trial, Filippo Ganna
British Time Trial, Ethan Hayter
Spain Road Race, Carlos Rodríguez
European XCO Championships, Tom Pidcock
World Track (Individual Pursuit), Filippo Ganna
World Track (Team Pursuit), Ethan Hayter
World Track (Elimination Race), Elia Viviani
World Track (Omnium), Ethan Hayter | [
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projected-23572922-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos%20Grenadiers | Ineos Grenadiers | Awards | Ineos Grenadiers () (stylised as INEOS Grenadiers) (formerly Team Sky from 2010–2019, and Team Ineos from 2019–2020) is a British professional cycling team that competes at the UCI WorldTeam level. The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, England, with a logistics base in Deinze, Belgium. The team is managed by British Cycling's former performance director, Sir Dave Brailsford. The company Tour Racing Ltd. is the corporate entity behind the team in all its iterations, which in line with cycling practice adopts the name of their current primary sponsor.
The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years, a goal achieved in two years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France, becoming the first British winner in its history, while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France. Froome won Sky's third Tour de France title in 2015, fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017. Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once. Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España, after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to doping. The team also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas, the 2019 Tour de France and 2021 Giro d'Italia with Egan Bernal, and the 2020 Giro d'Italia with Tao Geoghegan Hart, meaning that the team won seven of the eight editions of the Tour de France between 2012 and 2019, with four different riders, and five further grand tours between 2011 and 2021.
Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship, the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos, with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019. The team was rebranded to reflect Ineos Automotive's proposed new off-road vehicle, the Ineos Grenadier. | Velonews.com Velo Awards – Best Men's Team (2013)
Velonews.com Velo Awards – Support Rider of the Year – Richie Porte (2013)
Velo d'Or – Best rider – Chris Froome (2013, 2015, 2017)
London Design Awards – Product Design, Sport and Active life category – for the Dogma F8 in conjunction with Pinarello and Jaguar (2014)
European Sponsorship Association Excellence Awards – Best Use of PR – in conjunction with Jaguar (2014)
Cyclingnews.com – Best Male Team (2015, 2016, 2017)
Cyclingtps.com.au CT Awards – Ultimate Team Player – Richie Porte (2015)
Cyclingtps.com.au CT Awards – Most Impressive Team (2015)
Cyclingnews.com – Moment of the Year (Chris Froome's run up Mont Ventoux, 2016)
Cyclingnews.com – Best Male Road Rider – Chris Froome (2017)
Cyclingnews.com – Rider of the Year – Chris Froome (2017)
Sports Journalists' Association Sportsman of the Year – Chris Froome (2017)
Liontrust's Sporting Hero award – Chris Froome (September 2017) | [] | [
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"2009 establishments in the United Kingdom",
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projected-23572924-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H12N2O5 | C10H12N2O5 | Introduction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H12N2O5}}
The molecular formula C10H12N2O5 (molar mass: 240.21 g/mol, exact mass: 240.0746 u) may refer to:
Dinoseb, an herbicide also known as 6-sec-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol
Dinoterb, an herbicide | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-23572929-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaverney%20flesh-hook | Dunaverney flesh-hook | Introduction | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority. It is believed it was used to remove chunks of meat from a stew in a large cauldron for serving. It dates to the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 900 BC. Since 1856, it has been in the British Museum in London. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Prehistoric Ireland",
"Bronze Age Ireland",
"Prehistoric objects in the British Museum",
"Archaeological artifacts",
"Bronze Age art"
] | |
projected-23572929-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaverney%20flesh-hook | Dunaverney flesh-hook | Description | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority. It is believed it was used to remove chunks of meat from a stew in a large cauldron for serving. It dates to the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 900 BC. Since 1856, it has been in the British Museum in London. | Along the top of the flesh-hook are five birds, two large ones next to three smaller ones. At the bottom of the shaft, facing the family of five, are two birds. The group of two birds, presumably an adult pair, can be identified as corvids, perhaps ravens, the family of five as swans and cygnets. The two sets of birds seem to invoke opposites: birds of water versus birds of the air; white ranged against black, fecundity as opposed to death (implied by the predatory character of ravens). Perhaps, in the mind of the Bronze Age inhabitants, the two sets of birds denoted a fable of opposites between good and bad. The flesh-hook was originally linked by pieces of oak shaft, only one fragment of which remains extant. | [] | [
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] | [
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"Bronze Age Ireland",
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"Archaeological artifacts",
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projected-23572929-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaverney%20flesh-hook | Dunaverney flesh-hook | Discovery | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority. It is believed it was used to remove chunks of meat from a stew in a large cauldron for serving. It dates to the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 900 BC. Since 1856, it has been in the British Museum in London. | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook was discovered in 1829 by workmen who were cutting turf at Dunaverney Bog to the north of Ballymoney in County Antrim. At the time of its discovery, the Dunaverney Flesh-Hook was unparalleled and for a long time many experts could not agree on its age and function. However, as more examples were found, not only in Ireland and Britain, but along the Atlantic seaboard of the European continent, it became clear from their style, technology and context that they belonged to the Bronze Age and were clearly important instruments used during ceremonial feasts. To this day, the representation of birds seen on the Dunaverney Flesh-Hook remains unique in north-west Europe. | [] | [
"Discovery"
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"Prehistoric Ireland",
"Bronze Age Ireland",
"Prehistoric objects in the British Museum",
"Archaeological artifacts",
"Bronze Age art"
] |
projected-23572929-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaverney%20flesh-hook | Dunaverney flesh-hook | See also | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority. It is believed it was used to remove chunks of meat from a stew in a large cauldron for serving. It dates to the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 900 BC. Since 1856, it has been in the British Museum in London. | Little Thetford flesh-hook | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Prehistoric Ireland",
"Bronze Age Ireland",
"Prehistoric objects in the British Museum",
"Archaeological artifacts",
"Bronze Age art"
] |
projected-23572929-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaverney%20flesh-hook | Dunaverney flesh-hook | References | The Dunaverney Flesh-Hook is a sophisticated bronze artefact from Prehistoric Ireland, thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting gear, and a symbol of authority. It is believed it was used to remove chunks of meat from a stew in a large cauldron for serving. It dates to the Late Bronze Age, between 1050 and 900 BC. Since 1856, it has been in the British Museum in London. | Category:Prehistoric Ireland
Category:Bronze Age Ireland
Category:Prehistoric objects in the British Museum
Category:Archaeological artifacts
Category:Bronze Age art | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Prehistoric Ireland",
"Bronze Age Ireland",
"Prehistoric objects in the British Museum",
"Archaeological artifacts",
"Bronze Age art"
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projected-26719921-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | Introduction | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1990 births",
"Living people",
"Foolad FC players",
"Iranian footballers",
"2011 AFC Asian Cup players",
"Iran international footballers",
"Sportspeople from Khuzestan province",
"Association football forwards",
"Association football wingers",
"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... | |
projected-26719921-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | Club career | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | Afshin started his senior career at Foolad. In winter 2012, he was linked to Lille but move was not done. On 1 July 2013, he joined Sepahan on a one-year contract. In December 2013, he terminated his contract with Sepahan to join Foolad again. | [] | [
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"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-26719921-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | Malavan | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | After facing conscription problems, he was forced to move a military-owned club. On November 12, 2014, he signed a 2-years contract with Iranian Navy's Malavan.
On 31 July 2015 on his debut for Malavan, Afshin scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Zob Ahan. | [] | [
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"Association football wingers",
"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-26719921-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | International career | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | After good performance with Iran U23 in 2010 Asian Games and also in Foolad he convinced Afshin Ghotbi to invite him to Team Melli
On 2 January 2011, Afshin was called up to the Iran for the team's friendly match against Angola and made his debut.
He was also one of Iran players in 2011 AFC Asian Cup. | [] | [
"International career"
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"Iran international footballers",
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"Association football wingers",
"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-26719921-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | International goals | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | Scores and results list Iran's goal tally first. | [] | [
"International career",
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] | [
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"2011 AFC Asian Cup players",
"Iran international footballers",
"Sportspeople from Khuzestan province",
"Association football forwards",
"Association football wingers",
"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-26719921-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | Honours | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | Foolad
Iran Pro League (1): 2013–14 | [] | [
"Honours"
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"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-26719921-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | Personal life | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | He is currently Student of Civil Engineering at Islamic Azad University Ramhormoz Branch. | [] | [
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"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-26719921-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arash%20Afshin | Arash Afshin | References | Arash Afshin (, born January 21, 1990) is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team. | Arash Afshin at Navad | [] | [
"References"
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"Iran international footballers",
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"Association football wingers",
"Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games",
"Sepahan S.C... |
projected-23572931-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition%20Racer | Demolition Racer | Introduction | Demolition Racer is a vehicular combat racing video game for the PlayStation, Dreamcast, and PC developed by Pitbull Syndicate and published by Infogrames North America. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1999 video games",
"Infogrames games",
"Dreamcast games",
"PlayStation (console) games",
"Racing video games",
"Vehicular combat games",
"Video games developed in the United Kingdom",
"Windows games",
"Multiplayer and single-player video games"
] | |
projected-23572931-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition%20Racer | Demolition Racer | Gameplay | Demolition Racer is a vehicular combat racing video game for the PlayStation, Dreamcast, and PC developed by Pitbull Syndicate and published by Infogrames North America. | The game combines destruction and driving tactics in a fast-paced racing environment. It is very similar to the Destruction Derby series. The PC version contained slightly better in-game graphics than the PlayStation version, and included varied weather and times of day. Drivers are given (optional) wacky portraits which displayed on the side of the screen in a race, showing who's ahead of who.
The game was re-released for the Dreamcast as Demolition Racer: No Exit, which featured new tracks, new cars, unlockable mini games, and an additional mode called "No Exit", which plays the same as Last Man Standing in the other games. In No Exit's version of Last Man Standing, the player must now try to survive as long as possible. The game was also redesigned and enhanced. For example, the graphics were upgraded (same goes for the HUD and menus), the levels now have ambient sound effects (such as crowds cheering), and all of the drivers' cars are also shown on the results screen in what condition they were left with at the end of a race. | [] | [
"Gameplay"
] | [
"1999 video games",
"Infogrames games",
"Dreamcast games",
"PlayStation (console) games",
"Racing video games",
"Vehicular combat games",
"Video games developed in the United Kingdom",
"Windows games",
"Multiplayer and single-player video games"
] |
projected-23572931-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition%20Racer | Demolition Racer | Development | Demolition Racer is a vehicular combat racing video game for the PlayStation, Dreamcast, and PC developed by Pitbull Syndicate and published by Infogrames North America. | On 15 March 1999, the game was announced by Accolade. | [] | [
"Development"
] | [
"1999 video games",
"Infogrames games",
"Dreamcast games",
"PlayStation (console) games",
"Racing video games",
"Vehicular combat games",
"Video games developed in the United Kingdom",
"Windows games",
"Multiplayer and single-player video games"
] |
projected-23572931-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition%20Racer | Demolition Racer | Reception | Demolition Racer is a vehicular combat racing video game for the PlayStation, Dreamcast, and PC developed by Pitbull Syndicate and published by Infogrames North America. | Demolition Racer: No Exit received "generally favourable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Jeff Lundrigan of NextGen said of the PlayStation version in its November 1999 issue, "Although this game has some 'modern' enhancements like shortcuts (which seem sort of pasted in), the game mechanics might as well have been transplanted whole and bleeding from Destruction Derby," and warned the reader to "Steer clear of this smoking wreck." A year later, however, he wrote that No Exit "still isn't living up to its potential, but it's a fun title nonetheless." | [] | [
"Reception"
] | [
"1999 video games",
"Infogrames games",
"Dreamcast games",
"PlayStation (console) games",
"Racing video games",
"Vehicular combat games",
"Video games developed in the United Kingdom",
"Windows games",
"Multiplayer and single-player video games"
] |
projected-23572938-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H38O4 | C24H38O4 | Introduction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H38O4}}
The molecular formula C24H38O4 (molar mass: 390.55 g/mol) may refer to:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dioctyl phthalate)
Dioctyl terephthalate
Category:Molecular formulas | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Molecular formulas"
] | |
projected-23572939-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20saccata | Stanhopea saccata | Introduction | Stanhopea saccata is a species of orchid occurring from Mexico (Chiapas) to Central America. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Stanhopea",
"Orchids of Chiapas",
"Orchids of Central America"
] | |
projected-17328375-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29 | A Slice of Life (short story) | Introduction | "A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse",
"1926 short stories",
"Works originally published in The Strand Magazine"
] | |
projected-17328375-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29 | A Slice of Life (short story) | Plot | "A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". | Wilfred Mulliner, the inventor of Mulliner's Magic Marvels, a set or creams and lotions that help "alleviate the many ills to which the flesh is heir", falls in love with Angela Purdue and recommends Mulliner's Raven Gypsy Face-Cream to help her keep her sunburn on. Angela fears that her guardian, Sir Jasper ffinch-ffarrowmere, will not approve of the marriage and her fears seem to be realized when the guardian arrives at Wilfred's home with a message from Angela calling the engagement off. Wilfred suspects the work of the dastardly baronet and being a man of action sets forth for Yorkshire where the baronet lives at ffinch Hall and, while wandering around the grounds at night, he hears a woman sobbing.
Within a week, Wilfred enters the house as a valet (he bribes Sir Jasper's valet and replaces him as his cousin) disguised in a red wig and blue spectacles. Soon after entering the house he follows Sir Jasper carry a tray of food to a room at the top of the house. Convinced that Angela is being held in the room against her will, he resolves to rescue her but is unable to find a key in the baronet's room and has no idea how to get hold of it. Over the next few days, he worries, loses weight, and Sir Jasper, who has a weight problem of his own (he can't lose it) decides to get an indoor Turkish cabinet bath inside which he gets stuck.
"First, I must have the key." Wilfred demands the key to Angela's room as the price for releasing the baronet. "Give me the key, you Fiend," he cries. "ffiend," corrects Sir Jasper, automatically. To Wilfred's surprise, it turns out that the key is not with the baronet but with Angela. She refuses to let him in because his suntan cream has turned her piebald.
To cut a long story short, Mulliner's Snow of the Mountains Lotion fixes the piebald-ness, Mulliner's Reduc-O takes care of Sir Jasper's weight problem, Mulliner's Ease-o relieves the butler's lumbago, and everyone lives happily ever after. | [] | [
"Plot"
] | [
"Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse",
"1926 short stories",
"Works originally published in The Strand Magazine"
] |
projected-17328375-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29 | A Slice of Life (short story) | Publication history | "A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". | The story was illustrated by Charles Crombie in the Strand. Wallace Morgan illustrated the story in Liberty. "A Slice of Life" was published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (US) in June 1955.
The 1932 collection Nothing But Wodehouse, edited by Ogden Nash and published in the US by Doubleday, Doran & Company, included the story. "A Slice of Life" was collected in the Mulliner Omnibus, published by Herbert Jenkins in the UK in 1935, and in the second edition titled The World of Mr. Mulliner, published by Barrie & Jenkins in 1972. It was included in the 1960 collection The Most of P. G. Wodehouse, published by Simon and Schuster, New York. | [] | [
"Publication history"
] | [
"Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse",
"1926 short stories",
"Works originally published in The Strand Magazine"
] |
projected-17328375-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29 | A Slice of Life (short story) | Adaptations | "A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". | The story was adapted for radio in 2002 as part of a series with Richard Griffiths as Mr Mulliner. The cast also included Matilda Ziegler as Miss Postlethwaite, Angela, and a cook, Peter Acre as a Port and Sir Jasper, Martin Hyder as a Light Ale and Jenkins, David Timson as a Pint of Stout and Murgatroyd, and Tom George as a Small Bitter and Wilfred. It first aired on BBC Radio 4 on 4 December 2002. | [] | [
"Adaptations"
] | [
"Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse",
"1926 short stories",
"Works originally published in The Strand Magazine"
] |
projected-17328375-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29 | A Slice of Life (short story) | See also | "A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". | List of Wodehouse's Mr Mulliner stories | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse",
"1926 short stories",
"Works originally published in The Strand Magazine"
] |
projected-17328375-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Slice%20of%20Life%20%28short%20story%29 | A Slice of Life (short story) | References | "A Slice of Life" is a short story by the British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse. A part of the Mr. Mulliner series, the story was first published in the UK in 1926 in The Strand Magazine, and appeared almost simultaneously in Liberty in the United States. It also appears in the collection Meet Mr. Mulliner. The main character in this story, Wilfred Mulliner, plays off-stage parts in "Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo". | Notes
Sources
Category:Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse
Category:1926 short stories
Category:Works originally published in The Strand Magazine | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse",
"1926 short stories",
"Works originally published in The Strand Magazine"
] |
projected-26719926-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy%20Day | Blasphemy Day | Introduction | Blasphemy Day, also known as International Blasphemy Day or International Blasphemy Rights Day, educates individuals and groups about blasphemy laws and defends freedom of expression, especially the open criticism of religion which is criminalized in many countries. Blasphemy Day was introduced as a worldwide celebration by the Center for Inquiry in 2009.
Events worldwide on the first annual Blasphemy Day in 2009 included an art exhibit in Washington, D.C., and a free speech festival in Los Angeles. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
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"Atheism",
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"Awareness days",
"Blasphemy",
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"Disengagement from religion",
"Freedom of expression",
"Irreligion",
"Nontheism",
"Public awareness campaigns",
"Public holidays ... | |
projected-26719926-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy%20Day | Blasphemy Day | Origins | Blasphemy Day, also known as International Blasphemy Day or International Blasphemy Rights Day, educates individuals and groups about blasphemy laws and defends freedom of expression, especially the open criticism of religion which is criminalized in many countries. Blasphemy Day was introduced as a worldwide celebration by the Center for Inquiry in 2009.
Events worldwide on the first annual Blasphemy Day in 2009 included an art exhibit in Washington, D.C., and a free speech festival in Los Angeles. | Blasphemy Day is celebrated on September 30 to coincide with the anniversary of the 2005 publication of satirical drawings of Muhammad in one of Denmark's newspapers, resulting in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. Although the caricatures of Muhammad caused some controversy within Denmark, especially among Muslims, it became a widespread furor after Muslim imams in several countries stirred up violent protests in which Danish embassies were firebombed and over 100 people killed (counting the deaths from police opening fire on protesters). The idea to observe an International Blasphemy Rights Day originated in 2009. A student contacted the Center for Inquiry in Amherst, New York, to present the idea, which CFI then supported. | [] | [
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"Irreligion",
"Nontheism",
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projected-26719926-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy%20Day | Blasphemy Day | Intent | Blasphemy Day, also known as International Blasphemy Day or International Blasphemy Rights Day, educates individuals and groups about blasphemy laws and defends freedom of expression, especially the open criticism of religion which is criminalized in many countries. Blasphemy Day was introduced as a worldwide celebration by the Center for Inquiry in 2009.
Events worldwide on the first annual Blasphemy Day in 2009 included an art exhibit in Washington, D.C., and a free speech festival in Los Angeles. | During the first celebration of Blasphemy Day in 2009, Center for Inquiry President and CEO Ronald A. Lindsay stated in an interview with CNN: "[W]e think religious beliefs should be subject to examination and criticism just as political beliefs are, but we have a taboo on religion." According to USA Todays interview with Justin Trottier, a Toronto coordinator of Blasphemy Day, "We're not seeking to offend, but if in the course of dialogue and debate, people become offended, that's not an issue for us. There is no human right not to be offended." | [
"The Quran must be criticised; Blasphemy is my Right.webm"
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projected-26719926-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy%20Day | Blasphemy Day | Criminal punishment for blasphemy | Blasphemy Day, also known as International Blasphemy Day or International Blasphemy Rights Day, educates individuals and groups about blasphemy laws and defends freedom of expression, especially the open criticism of religion which is criminalized in many countries. Blasphemy Day was introduced as a worldwide celebration by the Center for Inquiry in 2009.
Events worldwide on the first annual Blasphemy Day in 2009 included an art exhibit in Washington, D.C., and a free speech festival in Los Angeles. | In some countries, blasphemy is punishable by death, such as in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and Saudi Arabia.
Nine member states of the European Union have laws against blasphemy or religious insult: Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain. In addition, blasphemy has recently been repealed in a number of other countries: Denmark (repealed 2017), France (Alsace-Moselle region only, repealed in January 2017), Iceland (repealed 2015), Ireland (ended January 2020), and Malta (ended 2016).
In 2009 six US states still had anti-blasphemy laws on their books: Massachusetts, Michigan, South Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming, but law professor Sarah Barringer Gordon states that they are "rarely enforced". | [] | [
"Criminal punishment for blasphemy"
] | [
"Articles containing video clips",
"Atheism",
"Atheism activism",
"Awareness days",
"Blasphemy",
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projected-26719926-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy%20Day | Blasphemy Day | See also | Blasphemy Day, also known as International Blasphemy Day or International Blasphemy Rights Day, educates individuals and groups about blasphemy laws and defends freedom of expression, especially the open criticism of religion which is criminalized in many countries. Blasphemy Day was introduced as a worldwide celebration by the Center for Inquiry in 2009.
Events worldwide on the first annual Blasphemy Day in 2009 included an art exhibit in Washington, D.C., and a free speech festival in Los Angeles. | Avijit Roy
Charlie Hebdo
Civil disobedience
Narendra Dabholkar
Worldwide Protests for Free Expression in Bangladesh
The Satanic Verses | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Articles containing video clips",
"Atheism",
"Atheism activism",
"Awareness days",
"Blasphemy",
"Censorship",
"Civil awareness days",
"Criticism of religion",
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projected-23572942-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer | Introduction | Fritz Neumayer (29 July 1884 – 12 April 1973) was a German politician. He was Federal Minister of Building from 1952 to 1953, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1953 to 1956. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1973 deaths",
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"Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany",
"Members of the ... | |
projected-23572942-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer | Early life | Fritz Neumayer (29 July 1884 – 12 April 1973) was a German politician. He was Federal Minister of Building from 1952 to 1953, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1953 to 1956. | Neumayer was born at Kaiserslautern, Germany. Both his father and his grandfather were lawyers and liberal members of parliament. Neumayer studied law at Würzburg, Berlin, Leipzig and Strasbourg. After his graduation in 1911, he practiced law in his native city of Kaiserslautern until 1945, except for the time of military service. | [] | [
"Early life"
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"Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany",
"Members of the ... |
projected-23572942-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer | Political career | Fritz Neumayer (29 July 1884 – 12 April 1973) was a German politician. He was Federal Minister of Building from 1952 to 1953, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1953 to 1956. | After World War II, Neumayer joined the newly founded liberal party of the western occupation zones, the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Also in 1945, he became president of the state court in Kaiserslautern. He was elected to the advisory state board of the newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946, and to the respective state parliament in 1947. When Rhineland-Palatinate became a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, Neumayer was elected to the federal parliament, where his primary concern was ensuring the independence of judges from the state.
After the death of the liberal minister for building, Hermann-Eberhard Wildermuth, in 1952, Neumayer led the ministry until the 1953 West German federal election. After the election, he became Federal Minister of Justice, and worked primarily on reforming the criminal law. He furthered judicial gender equality with a law of early 1954, though "according to the natural order" granting a husband the right to issue binding decisions for his spouse if the wellbeing of the family was not endangered.
Neumayer also furthered an extension to the amnesty of 1949, resulting in the amnesty law of 17 July 1954. In Neumayer's words, the law was to "rule off crimes committed directly or collaterally in the context of the conditions of a chaotic time period". Amnestied were people convicted of crimes up to manslaughter, but not murder, committed between 1 October 1944 and 31 July 1945 in the assumption of a legitimacy of their action, especially by following orders, or out of an emergency. The law also provided for the clearance of several such crimes in the official registries.
In 1956, Neumayer together with all other liberal federal ministers left the FDP to join the newly founded Freie Volkspartei (FVP). In the same year, West German chancellor Konrad Adenauer dismissed him from his office, giving his high age as the reason. | [] | [
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"Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany",
"Members of the ... |
projected-23572942-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer | Later life | Fritz Neumayer (29 July 1884 – 12 April 1973) was a German politician. He was Federal Minister of Building from 1952 to 1953, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1953 to 1956. | Neumayer, who was married with four children, spent the later part of his life in Munich. He was Honorary Chairman of the supervisory board of the Pfaff AG. He died on April 12, 1973 in Munich, and was buried in Kaiserslautern. | [] | [
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"Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany",
"Members of the ... |
projected-23572942-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Neumayer | Fritz Neumayer | Bibliography | Fritz Neumayer (29 July 1884 – 12 April 1973) was a German politician. He was Federal Minister of Building from 1952 to 1953, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1953 to 1956. | Category:1884 births
Category:1973 deaths
Category:Jurists from Rhineland-Palatinate
Category:Justice ministers of Germany
Category:Members of the Bundestag for Rhineland-Palatinate
Category:Members of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate
Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Free Democratic Party (Germany) | [] | [
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"Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany",
"Members of the ... |
projected-17328400-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitenga%20Department | Zitenga Department | Introduction | Zitenga is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Zitenga. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 40,773. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Departments of Burkina Faso",
"Oubritenga Province"
] | |
projected-17328400-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitenga%20Department | Zitenga Department | Towns and villages | Zitenga is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Zitenga. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 40,773. | Zitenga (644 inhabitants) (capital)
Andem (1 798 inhabitants)
Bagtenga (913 inhabitants)
Barkoundouba-Mossi (716 inhabitants)
Bendogo (644 inhabitants)
Bissiga-Mossi (597 inhabitants)
Bissiga- Yarcé (1 700 inhabitants)
Boalla (494 inhabitants)
Dayagretenga (981 inhabitants)
Dimianema (1 056 inhabitants)
Itaoré (504 inhabitants)
Kogmasgo (448 inhabitants)
Kolgdiessé (410 inhabitants)
kologkom (422 inhabitants)
Komnogo (176 inhabitants)
Lallé (1 015 inhabitants)
Leléxé (1 280 inhabitants)
Lemnogo (1 409 inhabitants)
Nagtaoli (281 inhabitants)
Nambéguian (704 inhabitants)
Nioniokodogo Mossi (375 inhabitants)
Nioniokodogo peulh (1 122 inhabitants)
Nioniopalogo (669 inhabitants)
Nonghin (1 237 inhabitants)
Ouatinoma (964 inhabitants)
Pedemtenga (1 316 inhabitants)
Poédogo (419 inhabitants)
Sadaba (3 788 inhabitants)
Samtenga (401 inhabitants)
Souka (528 inhabitants)
Tamasgo (1 127 inhabitants)
Tampanga (312 inhabitants)
Tampelga (1 084 inhabitants)
Tampouy-Silmimossé (124 inhabitants)
Tampouy-Yarcé (1 203 inhabitants)
Tanghin (989 inhabitants)
Tanghin Kossodo peulh (336 inhabitants)
Tankounga (2 009 inhabitants)
Tanlili (1 696 inhabitants)
Tiba (477 inhabitants)
Toanda (1 039 inhabitants)
Yamana (1 222 inhabitants)
Yanga (354 inhabitants)
Yargo (871 inhabitants)
Zakin (573 inhabitants)
Zéguédéguin (346 inhabitants) | [] | [
"Towns and villages"
] | [
"Departments of Burkina Faso",
"Oubritenga Province"
] |
projected-17328400-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitenga%20Department | Zitenga Department | References | Zitenga is a department or commune of Oubritenga Province in northern-central Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Zitenga. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 40,773. | Category:Departments of Burkina Faso
Category:Oubritenga Province | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Departments of Burkina Faso",
"Oubritenga Province"
] |
projected-20465076-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Introduction | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
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"Banterer-class post ships",
"Ships of the British East India Company",
"Age of Sail merchant ships",
"Merchant ships of the United Kingdom",
"Ships built on the River Exe",
"Maritime incidents in June 1826"
] | |
projected-20465076-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Design | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | Porcupine was rated a 24-gun ship and the original plan was that she would mount that number of long 9-pounder guns on her main deck plus two 6-pounder guns on her forecastle. She also carried ten 24-pounder carronades on her quarterdeck and forecastle. By the time that Captain Henry Duncan commissioned her in March 1807, the Admiralty had added two brass howitzers to her armament, while exchanging her 9-pounders for 32-pounder carronades. Her complement was increased by twenty to 175 officers, men and boys. | [] | [
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"Age of Sail merchant ships",
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"Maritime incidents in June 1826"
] |
projected-20465076-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Service | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | Porcupine entered service in March 1807, operating in the Mediterranean Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars under the command of Captain Henry Duncan. Detached to serve on independent command in the Adriatic Campaign, Porcupine fought numerous minor actions with shore batteries and coastal merchant ships. | [] | [
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"Maritime incidents in June 1826"
] |
projected-20465076-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Adriatic | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | On 23 September 1807, she captured Fortuna. Then on 7 October Porcupine chased a trabaccolo into the harbour of Zupaino on Šipan (Giuppana), the largest of the Elaphiti Islands. That evening Duncan sent his boats, under the command of Lieutenant George Price, with Lieutenant Francis Smith, into the harbour where they captured and brought out the trabaccolo, which was the Venetian gunboat Safo. She was armed with a 24-pounder gun and some swivel guns, and had a crew of some 50 men, all under the command of enseigne de vaisseau Anthonio Ghega. She was well moored to the shore and was expecting an attack. Even so, once the British arrived, most of the crew jumped overboard. Safo belonged to a division of gunboats deployed to protect the coast and had been sent out from Ragusa (Dubrovnik) three days earlier. Also, before entering the harbour, the British captured a guard boat with one 4-pounder swivel gun. Despite the resistance, Porcupine had only two men wounded.
Between 23 September and 23 November, Porcupine captured some 40 enemy vessels, most of which were carrying grain and wine between Ragusa and Catero (Kotor). Duncan received intelligence that the French were going to fortify the island of Curzola. He therefore kept Porcupine between the island and Ragusa. On 27 November Lieutenant Price in the cutter captured two small vessels sailing from Ragusa; small arms fire from the shore wounded one man. Two days later Price went into the harbour of Zuliano where he destroyed several small vessels and wine in warehouses that was intended for French troops. He brought out the only vessel afloat, a trabaccolo carrying a cargo of wool. As he was leaving the port another trabaccolo approached and before Porcupine could intercept it, Price had captured it too. She was sailing from Ragusa to Curzola with military stores, including two 6½" brass mortars, two 5½" brass howitzers, four new carriages for 18-pounder guns, together with material for constructing a shore battery as well as shot and shell. Duncan was able to get the guns and most of the stores on to Porcupine before a gale came up, which forced him to destroy the two trabaccolos.
Porcupines next exploit occurred on 7 January 1808. After a chase of eight hours, Porcupine captured the French transport Saint Nicolo. She was armed with two guns, had a crew of 16 sailors, and also had on board 31 soldiers from the 6th Regiment of the Line. She was 36 hours out of Tarento. Finding out from the prize that another vessel had left four hour earlier, Duncan set out to find her in the channel between Paxos and Corfu. He was successful in intercepting his quarry, which turned out to be Madonna del Carmine. She was armed with six guns, had a crew of 20 men, and was carrying 33 soldiers, also from the 6th Regiment. Both vessels were on their first voyage and were carrying cargoes of grain and gunpowder for the garrison at Corfu. | [] | [
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projected-20465076-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Western Mediterranean | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | Next, Duncan was ordered to cruise in the Western Mediterranean off Naples and continued his successful operations against coastal shipping. Following the outbreak of the Peninsular War, Duncan was ordered to take the Duke of Orléans to Cadiz. Duncan refused and was subject to disparaging comments about his age, although he was later proven correct in his assessment. In June 1808, Robert Elliott was appointed to replace Duncan; however, some months elapsed before he was able to do so.
On 23 June a French vessel exited Civitavechia and tried to elude Porcupine. However, Porcupine succeeded in running her ashore between two towers, each armed with two cannons. Lieutenant Price took in the boats and succeeded in destroying her, without suffering any casualties and despite heavy fire from the towers. The vessel was from Ischia and was sailing with a cargo of wine.
Two days later, Porcupine was off the island of Monte Christo when a daylight she encountered a French schooner. After an 11-hour chase, Porcupine succeeded in capturing her about four leagues south of Bastia. The French crew abandoned their vessel and escaped before Porcupine could take possession of her. She was Nouvelle Enterprise, three weeks old, pierced for 14 guns but only mounting six. She was 24 hours out of Leghorn and was carrying bale goods for Scala Nova in Turkey.
However, on 9 July Duncan spotted an enemy merchant vessel, and her escorts, two gunboats, each armed with a 24-pounder gun, all sailing along the coast. Porcupine was becalmed off Monte Circello, Romania so Duncan sent in her boats. After rowing eight hours in the heat, the boats succeeded in driving the merchant vessel on shore and the gunboats to take shelter under the guns of two shore batteries at Port d'Anzo (Anzio). Three more French vessels arrived and succeeded in getting into the harbour. One of the vessels was a large polacca of six guns, and she anchored a little further out than the other vessels. That evening Duncan sent in the boats again to cut her out. The polacca, which had a crew of some 20-30 men, was expecting an attack and had tied her to the beach. French soldiers were on the beach, and the polacca was within close range of the batteries, a tower, and the gunboats. Still, the British succeeded in capturing her and getting her out to sea, though it took them about an hour and twenty minutes to do so. The polacca had been sailing from Hieres Bay to Naples with a cargo of salt. In the attack, the British suffered eight men wounded, including Lieutenant Price, who was severely injured in his head and leg. He received a promotion to commander for this and earlier achievements in some 30 boat actions. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "10 July Boat Service 1808" to all surviving claimants from the action.
On 10 July, Porcupine captured Madonna de Rosario. Eleven days later, Porcupine ran a French polacca ashore near Monte Circello. Lieutenant Smith took in the boats and destroyed the polacca, which was of about 200 tons burthen (bm) and which had been carrying a cargo of iron hoops and staves. The cutting out expedition suffered no casualties though it came under fire from a tower with two guns located no more than a pistol-shot away.
After dark on 8 August, Porcupine, still under the command of Duncan, had her cutter and jolly boat under Lieutenant Francis Smith cut out a vessel she had run ashore on the island of Pianosa. The cutting out party was successful, bringing out Concepcion, which was armed with four guns. She had been lying within 30 yards of a tower and a shore battery of six guns. She was also defended by soldiers on the beach and one of her guns which she had landed. She had been carrying bale goods from Genoa to Cyprus. The action cost Porcupine one man killed, and a lieutenant and eight men severely wounded, with three men later dying of their wounds. Smith might have received a promotion for this and prior actions but Duncan's letter to Admiral Collingwood was lost and the duplicate arrived only after Collingwood had died in March 1810. | [
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projected-20465076-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Channel | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | By 14 July 1810, Elliot had assumed command of Porcupine. On that day the sailing master for Porcupine impressed an American sailor, Isaac Clark, from Jane out of Norfolk, Virginia. Elliott tore up the seaman's protection (a document attesting to his being an American citizen and so exempt from British impressment), declaring the man an Englishman. Over the next few weeks Elliott had Clark whipped three times (each whipping consisting of 24 lashes) when Clark refused to go on duty, and held in irons on bread and water. After nine weeks Clark surrendered. He served on Porcupine for two and a half years, being wounded in an engagement with a French frigate. Eventually he was transferred to and then to a hospital due to ongoing problems with his wound. There the American consul was able to get him released and discharged, a copy of the protection having been forwarded from Salem, Massachusetts. Clark further testified that there were seven Americans aboard Porcupine, three of whom had agreed to serve.
In 1811, Porcupine was ordered to sail to Brazil and returned to Portsmouth. She was at Portsmouth on 31 July 1812 when the British authorities seized the American ships there and at Spithead on the outbreak of the War of 1812. She therefore shared, with numerous other vessels, in the subsequent prize money for these vessels: Belleville, Aeos, Janus, Ganges, and Leonidas.
Porcupine later joined the squadron off Bordeaux, assisting the British advance during the Peninsular War. Porcupine, while under command of Captain John Goode and carrying the flag of Rear-Admiral Charles Penrose, through early 1814 operated against French coastal positions and squadrons.
On the morning of 23 February 1814, she and the other vessels of Penrose's flotilla assisted the British Army in its crossing of the Ardour river, near Bayonne. In this service two of Porcupines seamen drowned, as did some others from the flotilla when boats overturned crossing the bar on the coast.
On 2 April Captain Goode, who had ascended the Gironde above Pouillac, sent Porcupines boats, under the orders of Lieutenant Robert Graham Dunlop, to pursue a French flotilla that was proceeding down from Blaye to Tallemont. As the British boats approached them, the French flotilla ran on shore under the cover of about 200 troops from Blaye who lined the beach. Dunlop landed with a party of seamen and marines and drove the French off. The landing party remained until the tide allowed them to take away most of the French vessels. The British captured a gun-brig, six gun-boats, one armed schooner, three chasse-marées, and an imperial barge, and burned a gun-brig, two gun-boats, and a chasse-marée. Total British casualties were two seamen missing and 14 seamen and marines wounded.
Porcupine returned to Plymouth from Bordeaux on 6 September 1814. On 4 November she sailed to the Coast of Africa and thence to the Cape of Good Hope before coming back to Sierra Leone on 29 April 1815.
On 16 October 1815 Porcupine arrived at Deal and sailed for the river to be paid off. She arrived at Woolwich on 6 November and was paid off and laid up in ordinary. Although there were some plans for her to serve on the South America station, she never sailed again for the Royal Navy. Porcupine was sold at Woolwich Dockyard in April 1816 for breaking up. | [] | [
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projected-20465076-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Merchantman and loss | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | However, rather than breaking her up, J. Short & Co., purchased her, converted her to a merchantman and renamed her Windsor Castle. Her owners traded with India under a license from the British East India Company The supplemental pages for Lloyd's Register for 1816 show her master as "Hornblower", and her trade as London-India. In 1818 her master was T. Hoggart and her trade was London-Bengal.
On 1 June 1826, she put into Mauritius leaking badly. There she was surveyed, condemned as a constructive total loss, and sold for breaking up. , Lamb, master, was engaged to take Windsor Castles cargo. | [] | [
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projected-20465076-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Post script | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | In January 1819, the London Gazette reported that Parliament had voted a grant to all those who had served under the command of Lord Viscount Keith in 1812, between 1812 and 1814, and in the Gironde. Porcupine was listed among the vessels that had served under Keith in 1813 and 1814. She had also served under Kieth in the Gironde. | [] | [
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] |
projected-20465076-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | Notes, citations, and references | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius. | Notes
Citations
References
Ships of the Old Navy | [] | [
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projected-20465077-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lies%20Across%20America | Lies Across America | Introduction | Lies Across America, a 1999 book by James Loewen, is a sequel to his 1995 work Lies My Teacher Told Me. The book focuses on historical markers and museums across the United States, arguing that every historic site is "a tale of two eras": the one from when the event happened and the one from when the event was commemorated.
The survey starts on the West Coast and moves east, a deliberate break from the traditional American history found in textbooks, which begin with the Pilgrims and follow westward expansion. In the book, Loewen prioritized Native American history and the Spanish colonization of the Americas over that of other European colonization.
Loewen's book voices two major complaints about historical markers in the United States. The first deals with historical markers established in the Southern United States that attempt to whitewash the history of slavery and the period of Reconstruction. Many of these markers were established between 1890 and 1920, the nadir of American race relations. Most were placed by organizations with pro-Confederate agendas and reflect the racism of the early 20th century. While some markers have been altered in the last 40 years as a result of civil rights progress, many have not, especially those at American Civil War battle sites and in the South.
Loewen's second major complaint deals with the treatment of Native Americans, who are often neglected and omitted in the telling of American history. The author challenges and corrects many of the inaccurate and Eurocentric mistruths spread by historical markers across America.
At the end of his book, Loewen makes suggestions for how those concerned about the misrepresentation of history can change markers and monuments to convey historical truth and accuracy. The organizations running historical sites are faulted in Loewen's book according to Wilton Corkern. | [] | [
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"1999 non-fiction books",
"History books about the United States",
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projected-20465089-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%E2%80%93cypress%20forest | Pine–cypress forest | Introduction | Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Cupressaceae",
"Pinaceae"
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projected-20465089-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%E2%80%93cypress%20forest | Pine–cypress forest | California occurrences | Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California. | California occurrences of pine–cypress forest are typically along Pacific coastal headlands. Understory species in these California pine–cypress forests include salal and western poison oak. | [] | [
"California occurrences"
] | [
"Cupressaceae",
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projected-20465089-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%E2%80%93cypress%20forest | Pine–cypress forest | Florida occurrences | Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California. | Many of the Florida occurrences of pine–cypress forest are in swampy areas such as the Everglades. | [] | [
"Florida occurrences"
] | [
"Cupressaceae",
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projected-20465089-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%E2%80%93cypress%20forest | Pine–cypress forest | See also | Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California. | Pygmy forest | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Cupressaceae",
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projected-20465089-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%E2%80%93cypress%20forest | Pine–cypress forest | References | Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California. | Category:Cupressaceae
Category:Pinaceae | [] | [
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projected-17328404-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council | West Sussex County Council | Introduction | West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The Chief Executive and their team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.
The county elects eight members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party. In 2019, the council's Children Services department was described in a Children's Commissioner's report as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" leading to the resignation of then council leader Louise Goldsmith. | [] | [
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projected-17328404-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council | West Sussex County Council | History | West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The Chief Executive and their team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.
The county elects eight members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party. In 2019, the council's Children Services department was described in a Children's Commissioner's report as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" leading to the resignation of then council leader Louise Goldsmith. | The Local Government Act 1888 created the administrative county of West Sussex, with its own county council, from the three western rapes of the ancient county of Sussex, that is the rapes of Chichester, Arundel and Bramber. Except for the three county boroughs of Brighton, Hastings and Eastbourne, the three eastern rapes of Lewes, Pevensey and Hastings came under the control of East Sussex County Council. Until 1898 it existed alongside the Urban and Rural Sanitary Districts when these were abolished in favour of a new network of urban and rural districts.
The Local Government Act 1972 abolished the previous structure of local government in England and Wales. At this time West Sussex became a non-metropolitan county, divided into districts. This act created the two-tier system of government that exists in West Sussex to this day. | [] | [
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projected-17328404-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council | West Sussex County Council | Chairmen and chairwomen of West Sussex County Council | West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The Chief Executive and their team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.
The county elects eight members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party. In 2019, the council's Children Services department was described in a Children's Commissioner's report as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" leading to the resignation of then council leader Louise Goldsmith. | Since 2011 most chairs of the council serve a two-year term, previously the term was more usually four years though before 1962 the position could essentially last almost a lifetime. Peter Mursell was the only individual to serve two non-consecutive terms, the second being after his 1969 knighthood. Cliff Robinson (died 2009) was the only chairman elected as a Liberal. | [] | [
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"Leader and cabinet executives"
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projected-17328404-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council | West Sussex County Council | Political control | West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The Chief Executive and their team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.
The county elects eight members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party. In 2019, the council's Children Services department was described in a Children's Commissioner's report as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" leading to the resignation of then council leader Louise Goldsmith. | Paul Marshall (Conservative) has been leader of West Sussex County Council since 2019. He replaced Louise Goldsmith who had been leader since May 2010. | [] | [
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"Leader and cabinet executives"
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projected-17328404-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Sussex%20County%20Council | West Sussex County Council | Responsibilities | West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The Chief Executive and their team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.
The county elects eight members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party. In 2019, the council's Children Services department was described in a Children's Commissioner's report as "clearly failing across all domains in the strongest terms" leading to the resignation of then council leader Louise Goldsmith. | The council is responsible for public services such as education, transport, strategic planning, emergency services, social services, public safety, the fire service and waste disposal. | [] | [
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