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projected-44497611-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Terry | Don Terry | Introduction | Don Terry (born Donald Prescott Loker, August 8, 1902 – October 6, 1988) was an American film actor, best known for his lead appearances in B films and serials in the 1930s and early 1940s. Perhaps his best-known role is probably playing the recurring character of Naval Commander Don Winslow in Universal Pictures serials of the early 1940s, including Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) and Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943). | [] | [
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projected-44497611-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Terry | Don Terry | Early life and background | Don Terry (born Donald Prescott Loker, August 8, 1902 – October 6, 1988) was an American film actor, best known for his lead appearances in B films and serials in the 1930s and early 1940s. Perhaps his best-known role is probably playing the recurring character of Naval Commander Don Winslow in Universal Pictures serials of the early 1940s, including Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) and Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943). | Terry was born Donald Loker in Natick, Massachusetts, in 1902. He was a 1925 graduate of Harvard. Some sources give the family name as Locher, perhaps confusing him with actor Charles Locher who became famous as Jon Hall; the Loker spelling is correct, as many charitable enterprises bear the Loker name, as detailed below.
Don Terry was discovered while visiting Los Angeles as a tourist. During the visit, he hoped to see some film stars, but had been disappointed. Nearing the end of his trip, he decided to have lunch at Hollywood's Café Montmartre since it was a favorite of many in the film industry. Terry thought he might finally see a film star while having lunch, but found only other tourists who had the same hope. However, Fox screenwriter Charles Francis Coe was at the restaurant and happened to see Terry and thought of the screenplay he had just completed, based on his 1927 novel. Coe introduced himself and asked Terry if he was in the film industry. He gave Terry his business card and invited him to the Fox lot for a screen test. Terry went to the lot expecting only to be able to see some film stars. When Terry's screen test came out of the film laboratory, he was signed as the lead in the 1928 film Me, Gangster, the screenplay Coe had just written. | [] | [
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projected-44497611-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Terry | Don Terry | Film career | Don Terry (born Donald Prescott Loker, August 8, 1902 – October 6, 1988) was an American film actor, best known for his lead appearances in B films and serials in the 1930s and early 1940s. Perhaps his best-known role is probably playing the recurring character of Naval Commander Don Winslow in Universal Pictures serials of the early 1940s, including Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) and Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943). | Known for his "typical clean-cut American hero roles", he was signed by Columbia Pictures as a possible replacement for the studio's veteran action star Jack Holt. Terry was one of several tough-guy heroes (including Victor Jory, Paul Kelly, and Charles Quigley) who portrayed "bare-knuckled, sleeves-rolled-up hard hats" in various films. Terry's Columbia "B" features include A Fight to the Finish (1937), Paid to Dance (1937), Who Killed Gail Preston? (1937), When G-Men Step In (1938), and Squadron of Honor (1938). Terry's portrayals are complemented by his distinct New England accent, which he never completely lost.
Don Terry also became a star of serials, his first chapter play being The Secret of Treasure Island, released by Columbia in 1938. His best-known role is probably playing the recurring character of Naval Commander Don Winslow in Universal Pictures serials of the early 1940s, including Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) and Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943), co-starring Elyse Knox. Knox previously worked with Terry in Top Sergeant (1942). Terry appeared in Danger in the Pacific (1942) as a scientist, co-starring Louise Allbritton. Other credits include Fugitives (1929), Border Romance (1929), Barnacle Bill (1941), Overland Mail (1942), Sherlock Holmes in Washington (1943) and White Savage (1943), his last screen appearance before enlisting in the U.S. Navy. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant Commander and was awarded the Purple Heart. He left the Navy in 1946 and never returned to film. | [
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projected-44497611-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Terry | Don Terry | Post-film life and career | Don Terry (born Donald Prescott Loker, August 8, 1902 – October 6, 1988) was an American film actor, best known for his lead appearances in B films and serials in the 1930s and early 1940s. Perhaps his best-known role is probably playing the recurring character of Naval Commander Don Winslow in Universal Pictures serials of the early 1940s, including Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) and Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943). | In 1941, Terry married Katherine Bogdanovich, a daughter of the founder of StarKist tuna. Bogdanovich, a 1940 graduate of University of Southern California (USC), shared an interest in Olympic competition with her husband. She tried out for the 1932 Olympics as a sprinter. The couple had two daughters, and after completing his World War II service, Terry dropped his screen name and went to work for StarKist as vice president of public and industrial relations.
Loker retired from the company in 1965, and the couple then devoted their time and energies to various philanthropic projects by establishing the Donald and Katherine Loker Foundation. The Foundation supported many projects, with a special emphasis on the colleges that were the Lokers' alma maters. They supported USC as board members of long standing, and with financial gifts of more than $30 million over a period of time. The Lokers were long-time friends of Richard and Pat Nixon and were also supporters of the Nixon Library. Despite the Lokers' lack of experience in chemistry, Carl Franklin, who was at the time USC's legal vice president, referred them to the university's hydrocarbon research institute, which was established in 1978 with the Lokers' financial aid. In 1983, it was renamed Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute in their honor. He died at Oceanside, California on October 6, 1988, aged 86. After his death, his widow continued the couple's philanthropic efforts until her death in 2008. | [] | [
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projected-44497611-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Terry | Don Terry | Partial filmography | Don Terry (born Donald Prescott Loker, August 8, 1902 – October 6, 1988) was an American film actor, best known for his lead appearances in B films and serials in the 1930s and early 1940s. Perhaps his best-known role is probably playing the recurring character of Naval Commander Don Winslow in Universal Pictures serials of the early 1940s, including Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) and Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943). | Me, Gangster (1928) - Jimmy Williams
Blindfold (1928) - Buddy Brower
Fugitives (1929) - Dick Starr
The Valiant (1929) - Policeman (uncredited)
Border Romance (1929) - Bob Hamlin
Lady with a Past (1932) - Party Guest (uncredited)
Whistlin' Dan (1932) - Bob Reid
The Billion Dollar Scandal (1933) - Boxer in Fight Montage (uncredited)
Her First Mate (1933) - Purser, Albany Night Boat (uncredited)
A Fight to the Finish (1937) - Duke Mallor
A Dangerous Adventure (1937) - Tim Sawyer
Paid to Dance (1937) - William Dennis
Who Killed Gail Preston? (1937) - Tom Kellogg
When G-Men Step In (1938) - Larry Kent
The Secret of Treasure Island (1938) - Frederick 'Fred' Garth
Squadron of Honor (1938) - District Attorney Don Blane
You Can't Cheat an Honest Man (1939) - Ping-Pong Player (uncredited)
Barnacle Bill (1941) - Dixon
Mutiny in the Arctic (1941) - Cole
In the Navy (1941) - Reef (uncredited)
Tight Shoes (1941) - Haystack - Reporter (uncredited)
Hold That Ghost (1941) - Strangler (uncredited)
Don Winslow of the Navy (1942) - Cmdr. Don Winslow
Valley of the Sun (1942) - Lieutenant (uncredited)
Unseen Enemy (1942) - Canadian Army Captain William Flynn Hitchcock, aka Bill Flinn, posing as Captain Wilhelm Roering
Drums of the Congo (1942) - Captain Kirk Armstrong
Escape from Hong Kong (1942) - Rusty
Danger in the Pacific (1942) - Dr. David Lynd
Top Sergeant (1942) - Sgt. Dick 'Rusty' Manson
Overland Mail (1942) - Buckskin Billy Burke
Moonlight in Havana (1942) - Eddie Daniels
Sherlock Holmes in Washington (1943) - Howe
Don Winslow of the Coast Guard (1943) - Cmdr. Don Winslow
White Savage (1943) - Chris (final film role) | [] | [
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projected-44497617-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20French%20legislative%20election%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | 1956 French legislative election in Gabon–Moyen Congo | Introduction | Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 2 January 1956. | [] | [
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projected-44497617-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20French%20legislative%20election%20in%20Gabon%E2%80%93Moyen%20Congo | 1956 French legislative election in Gabon–Moyen Congo | References | Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 2 January 1956. | Gabon
Category:Elections in Gabon
Category:Elections in the Republic of the Congo
Category:1956 in Gabon
Category:1956 in Moyen-Congo
Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results | [] | [
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projected-17329993-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Introduction | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public. | [] | [
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projected-17329993-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Biography | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public. | Sarah Maria Cornell was born on May 3, 1803, likely in Rupert, Vermont to James and Lucretia (Leffingwell) Cornell. Lucretia had been born well-off in an old Puritan family, the daughter of a Connecticut merchant and paper maker. However she had been disowned by her father after she married James Cornell, who had worked in his paper mill, and of whom he did not approve. James abandoned the family when Cornell was a baby, forcing her mother to give up her older sister and brother to relatives as she was financially unable to care for three children. Cornell remained with her mother to age eleven when she moved in with her aunt Joanna, in Norwich, Connecticut. Later in her teens, she apprenticed as a tailor. In 1820 she moved to nearby Bozrahville and worked as a tailor for about two years.
Around 1822 or 1823 she went to work at a cotton mill in Killingly, Connecticut. In the years that followed, she would move often and work at various mills in Rhode Island and Connecticut, including stints in North Providence, Jewett City, Slatersville. During this period, Cornell often got into trouble, including charges of theft and other "inappropriate" acts for a woman of that time.
During her time at Slatersville between 1823 and 1826, Cornell converted to Methodism, and sought to change her ways. However, in February 1826, the mill at Slatersville burned to the ground and she was forced to seek employment elsewhere. She first moved to the nearby village of Branch Factory and later to Mendon Mills (later called Millville, Massachusetts), several miles away.
In early 1827, Cornell moved again to find mill work in Dedham, Massachusetts. However, after only a few weeks there she moved again to Dorchester, Massachusetts, where she was able to reconnect with the Methodists. In May 1828, she moved to the booming mill town of Lowell, Massachusetts where she worked as a weaver until about the end of 1829. It was during this period in Lowell that she met a newly arrived Methodist minister, Ephraim Kingsbury Avery.
In September 1830, she moved to Dover, New Hampshire. Only two months later she moved again to Somersworth, New Hampshire. During the summer of 1831 she left New Hampshire for Waltham, Massachusetts but only stayed there a few weeks. She then moved to Taunton, Massachusetts where she found employment. In May 1832 she left Taunton for Woodstock, Connecticut where she was able to find work again as a tailor in Grindall Rawson's shop. It was at a Methodist Camp Meeting in Thompson, Connecticut at the end of August 1832 that Cornell once again crossed paths with Reverend Avery. By this time, Avery had become the minister in Bristol, Rhode Island. It is alleged that during the Thompson Camp meeting that Avery seduced Sarah Cornell.
In October 1832, she moved to Fall River where she found lodging at the home of Elija Cole. By this time she was showing clear signs of pregnancy, and sought advice from a local doctor in Fall River. By early December 1832, she moved to the Hathaway residence on Spring Street. | [] | [
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projected-17329993-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Death | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public. | On the morning of December 21, 1832, Cornell's body was found by farmer John Durfee quickly identified by the minister. Later discovered among her personal effects at the Hathaway residence was a note written by Cornell and dated the same day as her death:
"If I should be missing, enquire of the Rev. Mr. Avery of Bristol, he will know where I am."
Other suspicious and incriminating letters were also discovered, as well as a conversation she had had with a doctor indicating the married Avery was the father of her unborn child. A coroner's jury was convened in Tiverton before any autopsy had been performed. This jury found that Cornell had "committed suicide by hanging herself upon a stake ... and was influenced to commit said crime by the wicked conduct of a married man."
After the autopsy was performed, it was discovered that Cornell had been four months pregnant at the time of her death. A second coroner's jury was convened, this time in Bristol, Rhode Island. This jury overruled the earlier finding of suicide and accused Ephraim Kingsbury Avery, a married Methodist minister, as the "principal or accessory" in her death. Avery was quickly arrested on a charge of murder, but just as quickly set free on his own recognizance.
Cornell's pregnancy led another Methodist minister to reject the responsibility of burying her the second time (she already once been exhumed for autopsy). He claimed that she had only been a "probationary" member of his congregation. Responsibility for her burial was assumed by the Fall River Congregationalists, and Cornell was buried as an indigent, on Christmas Eve. That night, in Fall River, money was raised and two committees pledged to assist the officials of Tiverton with the murder investigation. The next day, a steamship was chartered to take one hundred men from Fall River to Bristol. They surrounded Avery's home and demanded he come out. Avery declined, but did send a friend outside to try to placate the crowd. The men eventually left when the steamship signaled its return to Fall River.
In Bristol, an inquest was convened, in which two Justices of the Peace found there to be insufficient evidence to try Avery for the crime of murder. The people of Fall River were outraged, and there were rumors that one of the justices was a Methodist, and was looking to quell the scandal. The deputy sheriff of Fall River, Harvey Harnden, obtained from a Rhode Island superior court judge a warrant for Avery's arrest. When a Rhode Island sheriff went to serve it, he discovered that Avery had already fled.
On January 20, 1833, Harnden tracked Avery to Rindge, New Hampshire. Avery later claimed he had fled because he feared for his life, particularly at the hands of the mob that had surrounded his house. Harnden extradited Avery to Newport, Rhode Island, where Avery was put in jail. On March 8, 1833, Avery was indicted for murder by a Newport County grand jury. He pleaded "not guilty". | [
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projected-17329993-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Trial | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public. | The trial began in Newport, Rhode Island on May 6, 1833, and was heard by the Supreme Judicial Council. The lawyers for the prosecution were Rhode Island Attorney General Albert C. Greene and former attorney general Dutee Jerauld Pearce. The six lawyers for the defense, hired by the Methodist Church, were led by former United States Senator and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason.
The trial lasted 27 days. Under Rhode Island law at the time, defendants in capital cases were not permitted to offer testimony in their own defense, so Avery did not get the opportunity to speak. However, both the prosecution and the defense called a large number of witnesses to testify, 68 for the prosecution, and 128 for the defense.
Although the defense maintained that Avery had not been present when the murder occurred, the larger part of the defense strategy was to call into question Cornell's morals. The defense characterized her as "utterly abandoned, unprincipled, profligate," and brought forth many witnesses to testify to her promiscuity, suicidal ideation and mental instability. Much was made of how Cornell had been cast out of the Methodist Church for fornication.
The prosecution largely attempted to portray the Methodist clergy as a dangerous, almost secret society, willing to defend their minister and the good name of their church at any cost.
A medical debate centered around whether the unborn child was in fact conceived in August, although Puritan standards of propriety regarding the female body sometimes made it difficult to elicit factual information. One female witness, when questioned as to the state of Cornell's body, absolutely refused to answer, saying, "I never heard such questions asked of nobody."
On June 2, 1833, after deliberating for 16 hours, the jury found Ephraim Kingsbury Avery "not guilty". The minister was set free and returned to his position in the Methodist Church, but the public opinion was that Avery had been wrongfully acquitted. Rallies hanged or burned effigies of Avery, and he himself was once almost lynched in Boston. A great deal of anger was also directed at the Methodist Church. To ease tensions, the church's New England Conference convened a trial of its own, chaired by Wilbur Fisk, in which Avery was again acquitted. This did little, if anything, to quell public antipathy toward Avery or the church.
Avery later embarked on a speaking tour to vindicate himself in the eyes of the public, but his efforts were largely unsuccessful. In 1836, Avery left the Methodist ministry, and took his family first to Connecticut, then upstate New York. They ultimately settled in Ohio, where he lived out the rest of his days as a farmer. Avery also wrote a pamphlet called The correct, full and impartial report of the trial of Rev. Ephraim K. Avery. He died on October 23, 1869. | [
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projected-17329993-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Legacy | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public. | Cornell's body was originally buried on the farm near where her body was found. However, years later it was moved to Plot 2733 on Whitethorn Path at Oak Grove Cemetery (Fall River, Massachusetts) when the farm became South Park. | [] | [
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projected-17329993-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Further reading | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public. | Raven, Rory (2009). Wicked Conduct: The Minister, the Mill Girl, and the Murder That Captivated Old Rhode Island. Charleston, SC: [History Press]. pp. 128. .
Category:1803 births
Category:1832 deaths
Category:People from Fall River, Massachusetts
Category:People from Worcester County, Massachusetts
Category:People from Rupert, Vermont
Category:People from North Smithfield, Rhode Island
Category:Cornell family
Category:Deaths by hanging | [] | [
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projected-26722009-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Tanzania | Sport in Tanzania | Introduction | Filbert Bayi and Suleiman Nyambui both won track and field medals in the 1980 Summer Olympics. Tanzania competes in the Commonwealth Games as well as in the African Championships in Athletics.
Football is widely played all over the country with fans divided between two major clubs, Young Africans and Simba. Football is the most popular sport in Tanzania, despite the little success that has been achieved by the national team. To date, they have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have made two appearances in the African Cup of Nations, in 1980, as well as 2019. They finished last in their group in both occasions.
Basketball is also played but mainly in the army and schools. Hasheem Thabeet is a Tanzanian-born player with the Oklahoma City Thunder, the first Tanzanian to play in the NBA. Cricket is a rapidly growing sport in Tanzania after hosting the ICC Cricket League Division 4 in 2008; the national team finished the tournament with a win. Rugby is a minor sport in Tanzania. Tanzania now has a national team, which used to be part of the East Africa team, but was separated.
Another minor but growing sport in Tanzania is Baseball - Softball. Tanzania Baseball was introduced by Mr. Shinya Tomonari, a Japan Nationalist and the Chairman of Association for Friends of African Baseball (AFAB), in January 2012. Since then the sport has been played frequently by a number of Secondary Schools in the country and the participating number of students keeps on increasing. On 12 th May 2014, Tanzania Baseball and Softball Association (TaBSA) was established and registered as the National Sporting Association (NSA) responsible for the administration, conduct, control, development and promotion of the sport of baseball in Tanzania, as recognized by the National Sports Council (NSC), the African Baseball and Softball Association (ABSA) and the World Baseball Softball Confederation the International Sport Federation. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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projected-44497647-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal%20mobilisation | Legal mobilisation | Introduction | Legal mobilisation is a tool available to paralegal and advocacy groups, to achieve legal empowerment by supporting a marginalized issues of a stakeholder, in negotiating with the other concerned agencies and other stakeholders, by strategic combined use of legal processes along with advocacy, media engagement and social mobilisation. As per Frances Kahen Zemans (1983) the Legal mobilisation is "a desire or want, which is translated into a demand as an assertion of one's rights".
According to Lisa Vanhala (November 2011) Legal mobilisation in its narrowest sense, may refer to high-profile litigation efforts for (or, arguably, against) social change or more broadly, term legal mobilisation has been used to describe any type of process by which an individual or collective actors invoke legal norms, discourse, or symbols to influence policy or behavior. This typically means that there are policies or regulations to mobilize around and a mechanism by which to do so. Legislative activity does create an opportunity for legal mobilization. The courts become particularly relevant when petitioners have grounds to file suit. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Activism by type",
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projected-44497647-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal%20mobilisation | Legal mobilisation | History of conceptualisation | Legal mobilisation is a tool available to paralegal and advocacy groups, to achieve legal empowerment by supporting a marginalized issues of a stakeholder, in negotiating with the other concerned agencies and other stakeholders, by strategic combined use of legal processes along with advocacy, media engagement and social mobilisation. As per Frances Kahen Zemans (1983) the Legal mobilisation is "a desire or want, which is translated into a demand as an assertion of one's rights".
According to Lisa Vanhala (November 2011) Legal mobilisation in its narrowest sense, may refer to high-profile litigation efforts for (or, arguably, against) social change or more broadly, term legal mobilisation has been used to describe any type of process by which an individual or collective actors invoke legal norms, discourse, or symbols to influence policy or behavior. This typically means that there are policies or regulations to mobilize around and a mechanism by which to do so. Legislative activity does create an opportunity for legal mobilization. The courts become particularly relevant when petitioners have grounds to file suit. | The use of the law and legal systems by disadvantaged people to contest the unfair distribution of power and resources is a real-world phenomenon that predates and exists independently of international law and justice assistance. | [] | [
"History of conceptualisation"
] | [
"Activism by type",
"Practice of law"
] |
projected-44497647-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal%20mobilisation | Legal mobilisation | Tool to ensure statutory intervention | Legal mobilisation is a tool available to paralegal and advocacy groups, to achieve legal empowerment by supporting a marginalized issues of a stakeholder, in negotiating with the other concerned agencies and other stakeholders, by strategic combined use of legal processes along with advocacy, media engagement and social mobilisation. As per Frances Kahen Zemans (1983) the Legal mobilisation is "a desire or want, which is translated into a demand as an assertion of one's rights".
According to Lisa Vanhala (November 2011) Legal mobilisation in its narrowest sense, may refer to high-profile litigation efforts for (or, arguably, against) social change or more broadly, term legal mobilisation has been used to describe any type of process by which an individual or collective actors invoke legal norms, discourse, or symbols to influence policy or behavior. This typically means that there are policies or regulations to mobilize around and a mechanism by which to do so. Legislative activity does create an opportunity for legal mobilization. The courts become particularly relevant when petitioners have grounds to file suit. | Particularly in circumstances where traditional power resources, in terms of bargaining power and worker solidarity, are not firmly established, Use of the legal mobilisation clearly offers important additional tactics. | [] | [
"Tool to ensure statutory intervention"
] | [
"Activism by type",
"Practice of law"
] |
projected-44497647-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal%20mobilisation | Legal mobilisation | References | Legal mobilisation is a tool available to paralegal and advocacy groups, to achieve legal empowerment by supporting a marginalized issues of a stakeholder, in negotiating with the other concerned agencies and other stakeholders, by strategic combined use of legal processes along with advocacy, media engagement and social mobilisation. As per Frances Kahen Zemans (1983) the Legal mobilisation is "a desire or want, which is translated into a demand as an assertion of one's rights".
According to Lisa Vanhala (November 2011) Legal mobilisation in its narrowest sense, may refer to high-profile litigation efforts for (or, arguably, against) social change or more broadly, term legal mobilisation has been used to describe any type of process by which an individual or collective actors invoke legal norms, discourse, or symbols to influence policy or behavior. This typically means that there are policies or regulations to mobilize around and a mechanism by which to do so. Legislative activity does create an opportunity for legal mobilization. The courts become particularly relevant when petitioners have grounds to file suit. | Category:Activism by type
Category:Practice of law | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Activism by type",
"Practice of law"
] |
projected-17330035-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindon%2C%20Myanmar | Mindon, Myanmar | Introduction | Mindon is a town in Burma. It is the capital of Mindon Township of Thayet District in the Magway Region. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Populated places in Thayet District",
"Township capitals of Myanmar",
"Mindon Township"
] | |
projected-17330035-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindon%2C%20Myanmar | Mindon, Myanmar | References | Mindon is a town in Burma. It is the capital of Mindon Township of Thayet District in the Magway Region. | Category:Populated places in Thayet District
Category:Township capitals of Myanmar
Category:Mindon Township | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Populated places in Thayet District",
"Township capitals of Myanmar",
"Mindon Township"
] |
projected-26722014-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepless%20%28Eric%20Saade%20song%29 | Sleepless (Eric Saade song) | Introduction | "Sleepless" is a song performed by Swedish singer Eric Saade. It is the first single from Saade's first album, Masquerade, and was released on 21 December 2009 worldwide. It reached the top 50 in Sweden. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2009 songs",
"Eric Saade songs",
"Songs written by Fredrik Kempe",
"Songs written by Peter Boström",
"2009 debut singles",
"Roxy Recordings singles"
] | |
projected-17330042-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt%27s%20sign | Pratt's sign | Introduction | Pratt's sign is an indication of femoral deep vein thrombosis. It is seen as the presence of dilated pretibial veins in the affected leg, which remain dilated on raising the leg.
The sign was described by American surgeon Gerald H. Pratt (1928–2006) of St. Vincent's Hospital in 1949.
This is not the same as the Pratt Test, which checks for a DVT by compressing a vein with the hands. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Symptoms and signs: Vascular"
] | |
projected-17330042-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt%27s%20sign | Pratt's sign | References | Pratt's sign is an indication of femoral deep vein thrombosis. It is seen as the presence of dilated pretibial veins in the affected leg, which remain dilated on raising the leg.
The sign was described by American surgeon Gerald H. Pratt (1928–2006) of St. Vincent's Hospital in 1949.
This is not the same as the Pratt Test, which checks for a DVT by compressing a vein with the hands. | Category:Symptoms and signs: Vascular | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Symptoms and signs: Vascular"
] |
projected-26722048-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20van%20der%20Wiel | Jan van der Wiel | Introduction | Jan van der Wiel (31 May 1892 – 24 November 1962) was a Dutch épée, foil and sabre fencer. He won a bronze medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics in the team sabre competitions. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1892 births",
"1962 deaths",
"Dutch male épée fencers",
"Olympic fencers of the Netherlands",
"Fencers at the 1920 Summer Olympics",
"Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics",
"Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics",
"Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands",
"Olympic medalists in fencing",
"Sport... | |
projected-17330069-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20ABC%20Supply%20Company%20A.J.%20Foyt%20225 | 2007 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 | Introduction | The 2007 ABC Supply Company/A.J. Foyt 225 was a race in the 2007 IRL IndyCar Series, held at The Milwaukee Mile. It was held over the weekend of 1 -June 3, 2007, as the sixth round of the seventeen-race calendar. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2007 in IndyCar",
"Milwaukee Indy 225",
"2007 in sports in Wisconsin",
"June 2007 sports events in the United States"
] | |
projected-17330069-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20ABC%20Supply%20Company%20A.J.%20Foyt%20225 | 2007 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 | References | The 2007 ABC Supply Company/A.J. Foyt 225 was a race in the 2007 IRL IndyCar Series, held at The Milwaukee Mile. It was held over the weekend of 1 -June 3, 2007, as the sixth round of the seventeen-race calendar. | IndyCar Series
ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225
Category:Milwaukee Indy 225
ABC Supply
ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2007 in IndyCar",
"Milwaukee Indy 225",
"2007 in sports in Wisconsin",
"June 2007 sports events in the United States"
] |
projected-26722054-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan%20Blasim | Hassan Blasim | Introduction | Hassan Blasim (born 1973) is an Iraqi-born film director and writer. He writes in Arabic. He is a citizen of Finland.
Blasim left Iraq in 2000 to escape persecution for his films, including The Wounded Camera, filmed in the Kurdish area in northern Iraq and about the forced migration of Kurds by Saddam Hussein's regime. After travelling in Europe for four years, he settled in Finland in 2004, where he was granted asylum. He made four short films for the Finnish broadcasting company Yle. His short story collection The Madman of Freedom Square was long-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2010. His book The Iraqi Christ, translated from Arabic to English by Jonathan Wright, was published by Comma Press in 2013. A selection of his stories was published as The Corpse Exhibition by Penguin US in 2014. It won a number of awards including one of four winners in the English Pen's Writers in Translation Programme Awards. In 2014, he became the first ever Arabic writer to win the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize for The Iraqi Christ. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Finnish writers",
"Finnish film directors",
"21st-century Iraqi poets",
"Iraqi film directors",
"1973 births",
"Living people",
"Place of birth missing (living people)",
"Iraqi emigrants to Finland",
"Finnish people of Iraqi descent",
"Refugees in Finland",
"Finnish Arabic-language poets",
"2... | |
projected-26722054-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan%20Blasim | Hassan Blasim | Filmography | Hassan Blasim (born 1973) is an Iraqi-born film director and writer. He writes in Arabic. He is a citizen of Finland.
Blasim left Iraq in 2000 to escape persecution for his films, including The Wounded Camera, filmed in the Kurdish area in northern Iraq and about the forced migration of Kurds by Saddam Hussein's regime. After travelling in Europe for four years, he settled in Finland in 2004, where he was granted asylum. He made four short films for the Finnish broadcasting company Yle. His short story collection The Madman of Freedom Square was long-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2010. His book The Iraqi Christ, translated from Arabic to English by Jonathan Wright, was published by Comma Press in 2013. A selection of his stories was published as The Corpse Exhibition by Penguin US in 2014. It won a number of awards including one of four winners in the English Pen's Writers in Translation Programme Awards. In 2014, he became the first ever Arabic writer to win the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize for The Iraqi Christ. | The Wounded Camera
Uneton, 2006
Luottamuksen arvoinen, 2007
Elämä nopea kuin nauru, 2007
Juuret, 2008 | [] | [
"Filmography"
] | [
"Finnish writers",
"Finnish film directors",
"21st-century Iraqi poets",
"Iraqi film directors",
"1973 births",
"Living people",
"Place of birth missing (living people)",
"Iraqi emigrants to Finland",
"Finnish people of Iraqi descent",
"Refugees in Finland",
"Finnish Arabic-language poets",
"2... |
projected-26722054-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan%20Blasim | Hassan Blasim | Books | Hassan Blasim (born 1973) is an Iraqi-born film director and writer. He writes in Arabic. He is a citizen of Finland.
Blasim left Iraq in 2000 to escape persecution for his films, including The Wounded Camera, filmed in the Kurdish area in northern Iraq and about the forced migration of Kurds by Saddam Hussein's regime. After travelling in Europe for four years, he settled in Finland in 2004, where he was granted asylum. He made four short films for the Finnish broadcasting company Yle. His short story collection The Madman of Freedom Square was long-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2010. His book The Iraqi Christ, translated from Arabic to English by Jonathan Wright, was published by Comma Press in 2013. A selection of his stories was published as The Corpse Exhibition by Penguin US in 2014. It won a number of awards including one of four winners in the English Pen's Writers in Translation Programme Awards. In 2014, he became the first ever Arabic writer to win the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize for The Iraqi Christ. | Short Films (2005) collection of articles in: Cinema Booklets: Series of Publications for the Emirates Film Competition. Ed. S. Sarmini. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Cultural Foundation.
Poetic Cinema (2006) collection of articles. Ed. Salah Sarmini, in: Cinema Booklets: Series of Publications for the Emirates Film Competition. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Cultural Foundation
Diving into Existing (2007) correspondence and dairies in collaboration with Adnan al-Mubarak.
Wounded Camera (2007) Writings on cinema.
The Shia’s Poisoned Child (2008) story collection.
Madman of Freedom Square (2009) Comma Press, translated from the Arabic by Jonathan Wright
The Iraqi Christ (2013) Comma Press, short stories, translated from the Arabic by Jonathan Wright
The Corpse Exhibition (2014) Penguin US, short stories, translated from the Arabic by Jonathan Wright
Iraq +100 (2017) Tor Books, short story anthology (editor)
God 99 (2019) novel, Comma Press, translated from the Arabic by Jonathan Wright | [] | [
"Books"
] | [
"Finnish writers",
"Finnish film directors",
"21st-century Iraqi poets",
"Iraqi film directors",
"1973 births",
"Living people",
"Place of birth missing (living people)",
"Iraqi emigrants to Finland",
"Finnish people of Iraqi descent",
"Refugees in Finland",
"Finnish Arabic-language poets",
"2... |
projected-26722059-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE%20Abd%C3%B3n%20Calder%C3%B3n | BAE Abdón Calderón | Introduction | BAE Abdón Calderón is a naval ship of Ecuador, built in 1885 and now preserved as a museum ship at Guayaquil. | [
"BAE Abdón Calderón.jpg"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Patrol vessels of the Ecuadorian Navy",
"1886 ships",
"Ships built in Scotland",
"Museum ships"
] | |
projected-26722059-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE%20Abd%C3%B3n%20Calder%C3%B3n | BAE Abdón Calderón | Service history | BAE Abdón Calderón is a naval ship of Ecuador, built in 1885 and now preserved as a museum ship at Guayaquil. | The Ecuadorian naval vessel Abdón Calderón was built in 1885 at Port Glasgow, Scotland by David Dunlop & Co as the cargo ship Chaihuin for Chilean shipowners Adam Greulich y Compañia of Valparaiso. In December 1886 she was purchased by the Ecuador Government, becoming the war steamer Cotopaxi, and was armed with four breech-loading Armstrong cannons and two Gatling guns. In 1892 Cotopaxi was redesignated as a cruiser.
In September 1913 in the Concha Revolution following the assassination of President Eloy Alfaro, the people of Esmeraldas revolted against the government of the new president, General Leónidas Plaza and attacked the local army headquarters. Cotopaxi was already anchored nearby and approached the city and fired warning shots from her 76mm cannon. With the assistance of two contingents of her crew which went ashore, the army was relieved. An extended siege followed, but after the end of the revolts in 1916 a period of austerity led to the reduction in the size of the navy, with only the Cotopaxi remaining in service by the mid-1920s. From 1924 she was also used as a training ship. In 1927 Cotopaxi was again redesignated, now as a gunboat and nine years later her name was changed to Abdón Calderón in honour of the revolutionary hero who died from injuries sustained on 24 May 1822 during the Battle of Pichincha. | [] | [
"Service history"
] | [
"Patrol vessels of the Ecuadorian Navy",
"1886 ships",
"Ships built in Scotland",
"Museum ships"
] |
projected-26722059-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE%20Abd%C3%B3n%20Calder%C3%B3n | BAE Abdón Calderón | Ecuadorian–Peruvian War | BAE Abdón Calderón is a naval ship of Ecuador, built in 1885 and now preserved as a museum ship at Guayaquil. | At the beginning of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War in July 1941, the port of Guayaquil was blockaded and Abdón Calderón was hurriedly prepared, though with antiquated armament. On 25 July she encountered the Peruvian Orfey class destroyer Almirante Villar in the Jambeli channel. After spotting Abdon Calderón, the Ecuadorian ship that was in transit to Guayaquil, as soon as it recognized the Peruvian ship, turned 180º with respect to its course, fleeing towards Puerto Bolívar while firing shots. "Admiral Villar" did the same, maneuvering in circles, avoiding getting too close to the coast (due to the low seabed there). After 21 minutes of exchange of shots by both sides, the incident ended. On her side, the destroyer "Almirante Villar" continued its operations uninterruptedly in the North Theater of Operations until October 1 of that year, when she returned to the port of Callao. On the other hand, the "Abdón Calderón" suffered serious damage to its caldera, forcing it to flee and hiding behind the dense vegetation in the Jambelí Canal and the Santa Rosa estuary.
According to the official Ecuadorian military history, the BAP Almirante Villar of Peru received significant damage from the BAE Calderón, until now there is no evidence necessary to support such a version. Neither documentary nor materially it has been possible to demonstrate with evidence that the Peruvian destroyer received impacts and was damaged according to the Ecuadorian Commander Morán, in charge of "Abdón Calderón", presumed to have achieved according to his report.
Abdón Calderón was later transferred to the Coast Guard and remained in active service until 1957, when she was moored in port. | [] | [
"Service history",
"Ecuadorian–Peruvian War"
] | [
"Patrol vessels of the Ecuadorian Navy",
"1886 ships",
"Ships built in Scotland",
"Museum ships"
] |
projected-26722059-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE%20Abd%C3%B3n%20Calder%C3%B3n | BAE Abdón Calderón | Museum ship | BAE Abdón Calderón is a naval ship of Ecuador, built in 1885 and now preserved as a museum ship at Guayaquil. | In 1960 Abdón Calderón was decommissioned for conversion to a static memorial museum and placed ashore in the Parque de la Armada (Navy Park) at Guayaquil. The museum was inaugurated in 1972. | [
"C365ea46487af8ad8a5965b98e74ea68 lg.jpg"
] | [
"Museum ship"
] | [
"Patrol vessels of the Ecuadorian Navy",
"1886 ships",
"Ships built in Scotland",
"Museum ships"
] |
projected-26722059-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE%20Abd%C3%B3n%20Calder%C3%B3n | BAE Abdón Calderón | References | BAE Abdón Calderón is a naval ship of Ecuador, built in 1885 and now preserved as a museum ship at Guayaquil. | Ecuadorian Armed Forces
Category:1886 ships
Category:Ships built in Scotland
Category:Museum ships | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Patrol vessels of the Ecuadorian Navy",
"1886 ships",
"Ships built in Scotland",
"Museum ships"
] |
projected-26722061-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun%20Oluwaniyi | Segun Oluwaniyi | Introduction | Segun Oluwaniyi (born 24 April 1982 in Oyo State) is a Nigerian football (soccer) player currently with Shooting Stars F.C. of Nigeria. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1982 births",
"Living people",
"Yoruba sportspeople",
"Sportspeople from Oyo State",
"Nigerian footballers",
"Shooting Stars S.C. players",
"Association football goalkeepers",
"Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players",
"Rangers International F.C. players",
"Gombe United F.C. players",
"Niger Tornadoes F... | |
projected-26722061-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun%20Oluwaniyi | Segun Oluwaniyi | Youth | Segun Oluwaniyi (born 24 April 1982 in Oyo State) is a Nigerian football (soccer) player currently with Shooting Stars F.C. of Nigeria. | Oluwaniyi began 1998 to play football in the youth side for Villa Rock in Abuja and signed one year later for Osun United. After a successful year in the b-youth from Osun United was scouted by Niger Tornadoes, but he could not make the team and joined Gombe United F.C. after a half year. | [] | [
"Career",
"Youth"
] | [
"1982 births",
"Living people",
"Yoruba sportspeople",
"Sportspeople from Oyo State",
"Nigerian footballers",
"Shooting Stars S.C. players",
"Association football goalkeepers",
"Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players",
"Rangers International F.C. players",
"Gombe United F.C. players",
"Niger Tornadoes F... |
projected-26722061-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun%20Oluwaniyi | Segun Oluwaniyi | Professional | Segun Oluwaniyi (born 24 April 1982 in Oyo State) is a Nigerian football (soccer) player currently with Shooting Stars F.C. of Nigeria. | In the 2001 season he started his professional career with Gombe United F.C. and in January 2004 joined Enugu Rangers. After two seasons with Rangers and 20 matches, he signed for Dolphins F.C. in December 2005. He was one of the leaders in his three and a half year by Dolphins F.C., but he signed in summer 2009 for Bayelsa United F.C. | [] | [
"Career",
"Professional"
] | [
"1982 births",
"Living people",
"Yoruba sportspeople",
"Sportspeople from Oyo State",
"Nigerian footballers",
"Shooting Stars S.C. players",
"Association football goalkeepers",
"Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players",
"Rangers International F.C. players",
"Gombe United F.C. players",
"Niger Tornadoes F... |
projected-26722061-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun%20Oluwaniyi | Segun Oluwaniyi | International career | Segun Oluwaniyi (born 24 April 1982 in Oyo State) is a Nigerian football (soccer) player currently with Shooting Stars F.C. of Nigeria. | He made his full senior debut on March 3, 2010 as a starter in the 5–2 win over Congo DR. | [] | [
"International career"
] | [
"1982 births",
"Living people",
"Yoruba sportspeople",
"Sportspeople from Oyo State",
"Nigerian footballers",
"Shooting Stars S.C. players",
"Association football goalkeepers",
"Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players",
"Rangers International F.C. players",
"Gombe United F.C. players",
"Niger Tornadoes F... |
projected-26722061-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun%20Oluwaniyi | Segun Oluwaniyi | References | Segun Oluwaniyi (born 24 April 1982 in Oyo State) is a Nigerian football (soccer) player currently with Shooting Stars F.C. of Nigeria. | Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Yoruba sportspeople
Category:Sportspeople from Oyo State
Category:Nigerian footballers
Category:Shooting Stars S.C. players
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players
Category:Rangers International F.C. players
Category:Gombe United F.C. players
Category:Niger Tornadoes F.C. players
Category:Nigeria international footballers | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1982 births",
"Living people",
"Yoruba sportspeople",
"Sportspeople from Oyo State",
"Nigerian footballers",
"Shooting Stars S.C. players",
"Association football goalkeepers",
"Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players",
"Rangers International F.C. players",
"Gombe United F.C. players",
"Niger Tornadoes F... |
projected-56567232-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Introduction | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1614 births",
"1675 deaths",
"17th-century male writers",
"Occitan-language writers",
"17th-century French poets",
"French male composers",
"Christmas carols",
"Christmas in France"
] | |
projected-56567232-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Life | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Nicolas Saboly was born on 31 January 1614 in Monteux to a family of herdsmen.
His great-grandfather Claude Saboly and his grandfather Raymond Saboly followed this occupation.
It was Raymond Saboly who came to settle in Monteux.
Nicolas was the youngest son of Felisa Meilheuret and Jean Saboly.
He had an older brother named Jean-Pierre Saboly and three sisters named Anne, Félicia (Felisa) and Claire. | [] | [
"Life"
] | [
"1614 births",
"1675 deaths",
"17th-century male writers",
"Occitan-language writers",
"17th-century French poets",
"French male composers",
"Christmas carols",
"Christmas in France"
] |
projected-56567232-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Student destined for the priesthood | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Saboly's father died on 15 August 1619, and Nicolas entered the Jesuit college of Carpentras.
At the end of his schooling he became a member of the Congregation of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin on 14 May 1628.
In the autumn of 1628 he left his college to begin taking classes at the University of Avignon.
He received the tonsure in 1630 and attended courses in law and theology, as evidenced by two notarial acts of 12 March 1632 and 27 December 1633, which he witnessed as a student of theology.
In 1634 he left the University without taking his degrees.
On 27 September 1635 he was ordained a sub-deacon, deacon and priest. | [] | [
"Life",
"Student destined for the priesthood"
] | [
"1614 births",
"1675 deaths",
"17th-century male writers",
"Occitan-language writers",
"17th-century French poets",
"French male composers",
"Christmas carols",
"Christmas in France"
] |
projected-56567232-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Career as choirmaster | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | In 1639 Nicolas Saboly obtained the position of organist and choirmaster of the Saint-Siffrein Cathedral(fr) in Carpentras.
He was occasionally employed in local festivals, such as on 22 September 1639 when the clergy of Caromb asked him to play the organ for the parish festival of St. Maurice.
He received 10 florins and 12 sous for his performance.
His name disappears from the accounts of Saint-Siffrein after 20 June 1643, when he was replaced by the choirmaster David.
Nicolas Saboly went to Arles where he was choirmaster from 1643 to 1646, then the cathedral of Aix-en-Provence from 1652 to 1655.
He was in Nîmes in 1659.
He was choirmaster of the collegiate church of Saint-Pierre d'Avignon(fr) from before 1668 until his death. | [
"Grand orgue Saint Siffrein.JPG"
] | [
"Life",
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"Occitan-language writers",
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"French male composers",
"Christmas carols",
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] |
projected-56567232-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Ecclesiastical benefices | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Like many priests of his time, Saboly obtained several ecclesiastical benefits.
On 16 April 1633 he became chaplain of St. Mary Magdalene in the Cathedral of Saint Siffrein in Carpentras.
He kept this benefice until 1663.
On 28 March 1658 he was issued a certificate of studies that found he had attended courses at the University of Avignon from 1628 to 1634, and was given a certificate of aptitude for obtaining profits in the dioceses of Nîmes and Uzès.
On 10 June 1660, after a lengthy process, he obtained a pension of 100 lt. (livre tournois) from the papal administration to take on the priory and the benefit of Saint-Benoît-de-Cayran in the diocese of Uzès.
After returning to Avignon he obtained the chaplaincy of Saint Mary, which he still held in 1663. | [] | [
"Life",
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"1675 deaths",
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"Occitan-language writers",
"17th-century French poets",
"French male composers",
"Christmas carols",
"Christmas in France"
] |
projected-56567232-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Testament and death | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | On 21 April 1671 Saboly's will was notarized by François Julien in Marseilles.
Saboly made his niece Claire Saboly (wife of Christophe Chardenas, bourgeois of Roquemaure, Gard) ) his universal heiress.
He also bequeathed 600 lt. to his servant Isabeau Sevique, and reserved from his niece's legacy an annuity with 600 lt. of capital yielding 30 lt. annually to be paid to the chapter of Saint-Pierre d'Avignon so that after his death two masses would be said each week in his memory.
He died four years later on 25 July 1675 in Avignon.
He is buried in the choir of the Saint-Pierre church.
Saboly's career as a choirmaster was standard for this period.
He is famous for the carols that he composed. | [] | [
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projected-56567232-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Manuscript works | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Bastide collection. Manuscript collection of 220 carols with music notes, in Provencal and French, compiled and written by Joseph Bastide, surgeon from Avignon, at the beginning of the 18th century. In-4 °, 500 p. Contains almost all of Saboly's compositions except for numbers 6, 11, 34, 49, 62, 64, 67.
Carpentras BM: Ms. 384. Collection of French and Provencal poetry, 17th century. 4 °, 144 f. This collection contains pieces by Saboly and has been entirely attributed to him, wrongly. See the discussion of authenticity in Faury 1876, Part 2.
Two polyphonic masses in the manuscript Carpentras BM: Ms. 1267, probably written during his post at Saint-Siffrein;
Two motets | [] | [
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projected-56567232-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | First editions in fascicle | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | The first editions of Saboly's carols consist of eight bound instalments, dated between 1668 and 1674, kept in Paris Ars. : BL 9478. The titles of the instalments are:
Lei Noé de San Pierre. Avignon : Pierre Offray, 1668. 12°.
Lei Noé de San Pierre. Avignon : Pierre Offray, 1669. 12° read online.
Lei Noé de San Pierre. De l'année 1669. Avignon : 1669. 12° read online.
Histori de la naissenso dou fis de Diou, composado en Noé, per N. Saboly... Avignon : 1670. 12° read online.
Noés nouveous de l'an M.DC.LXXI. Composas per Nicolas Saboly... Avignon : Michel Chastel, 1671. 12°, 16 p. read online.
Noés nouveous de l'an M.DC.LXXII. Composas per... Avignon : 1672. 12°, 16 p.
Noés nouveous de l'an M. DC.LXXIII... Avignon : 1673. 12°, 16 p.
Noés nouveous de l'an M. DC.LXXIV... Avignon : 1674. 12°, 16 p. | [
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projected-56567232-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Editions collected in one volume | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Recueil des noëls provenceaux composez par le sieur Nicolas Saboly. Avignon : Michel Chastel, 1699. 12°, 100 p. Paris BNF : YE-12578.
Recueil des noëls provenceaux composez par le sieur Nicolas Saboly Avignon : F. Mallard et F. Domergue, 1724. 2e éd. 12°, 100 p. Paris BNF.
Recueil des noëls provenceaux composez par le sieur Nicolas Saboly... Avignon : J. Molière, 1737. 3e éd. 12°, 99 p. Paris BNF. Online on Gallica.
Recueil des noëls provenceaux composé par le sr Nicolas Saboly,... Nouvelle édition, augmentée du Noël fait à la mémoire de M. Saboly, et de celui des Rois, fait par J.-F. D*** [Joseph-François Domergue]. Avignon : impr. de F.-J. Domergue, 1763. 12°, 112 p.
Idem. Avignon : T. F. Domergue le jeune, 1772. 12°, 114 p.
Idem. Avignon : J. T. Domergue, 1774. 12°, 120 p.
Recueil de Noëls provençaux composés par le sieur Nicolas Saboly. Avignon : Jean Chaillot, 1791. 12°.
Recueil de noëls provençaux, composés par le sieur Nicolas Saboly... Nouvelle édition, augmentée du noël fait à la mémoire de M. Saboly, & de celui des Rois, fait par J. F. Domergue, doyen d’Aramon. Carpentras : Gaudibert-Penne, 1803. 12°, 120 p.
Idem. Avignon : Jean Chaillot, 1804. 12°, 132 p.
Idem. Avignon : Jean Chaillot, 1807. 12°, 132 p.
Idem. Avignon : Chaillot Aîné, 1820. 12°, 132 p.
Idem. Avignon : Chaillot aîné, 1824. 12°, 132 p. Online on Google Books.
Idem. Avignon : Offray aîné, 1854. 12°, 132 p.
Idem. Avignon : Peyri, 1854. 12°, 132 p. Online on Google Books.
Recueil des Noels composés en langue provençale... Nouvelle édition... publiée pour la première fois avec les airs notés... par Fr. Seguin. Avignon : Fr. Seguin aîné, 1856. Partition 2°, L-87 p., mus. Online on Gallica. Édition réimprimée en 1897.
Nouvè de Micolau Saboly avec une préface de Frédéric Mistral. Avignon : Aubanel frères, 1865.
Vint-un Nouvè causi de Micolau Saboly (1614-1675), édition du Tricentenaire présentée par Pierre Fabre et Robert Allan, publication de l'Institut vauclusien d'études rhodaniennes. Vedène : Comptoir général du livre occitan, 1975.
Li Nouvè di Rèire de Nicolas Saboly. Berre L'Etang : C.I.E.L d'Oc, s.d. Disponible en en PDF.
Recueil des Noëls provençaux, Lou Reviro-meinage, Œuvres complètes de Nicolas Saboly, présentation, traduction, notes Henri Moucadel. Montfaucon : A l'asard Bautezar !, 2014, 448 p. | [] | [
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projected-56567232-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Editions in collection with other authors | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | In the second part of the 19th century Saboly's were often published with those of Antoine Peyrol (18th century) and Joseph Roumanille (1818-1891).
These many editions reflect the literary movement of the Félibriges. The list below is not exhaustive.
Li nouvè de Saboly, Peyrol, Roumanille em'un peçu d'aquéli de l'abat Lambert em'uno mescladisso de nouvè vièi e nóu e de vers de J. Reboul. Edicioun revisto e adoubado pèr lou felibre de la Miougrano emé la bono ajudo dóu felibre de Bello-visto. Avignon : Aubanel, 1858. 18°, 228 p.
Li Nouvè de Saboly e de Roumanille. Em’un bon noumbre de viei Nouvè que soun esta jamai empremi. Edicioun nouvello, revisto coume se dèu. Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1865 (impr. adm. Gros frères). 8°, VIII-160 p. Online on Gallica.
Li nouvè de Saboly, de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille. Em'un bon noumbre de vièi Nouvè que se canton en Prouvènço. Edicioum nouvello, revisto coume se dèu. Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1879. 12°, viii-163 p.
Li Nouvè de Micoulau Saboly e di Felibre... em'uno charradisso pèr Frederi Mistral. Avignon : Aubanel, 1869. 12°, 182 p.
Li nouvè de Saboly, de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille... Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1873. 12°, 129 p.
Li nouvè de Saboly, de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille... Em'un bon noumbre de vièi Nouvè que se canton en Prouvènço. Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1879. 12°, VIII-163 p. Online on Gallica.
Li nouvè de Saboly de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille... IVe editcioun. - Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1887. 8°, 164 p. | [] | [
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projected-56567232-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | List of carols | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Saboly did not compose all the Christmas carols that were attributed to him.
They were originally published without music because they were sung to popular tunes that everyone knew by heart.
Saboly simply gave a note like "on the air of the echo", "on the air of the pastouro" or sometimes "On an air by Saboly".
The Provencal Documentation Center has retained in its booklet devoted to this author a list of 48 carols definitely composed by Saboly.
Following are the carols are according to the François Seguin edition of 1856:
First book (1667)
1. Iéu ai vist lou Piemount [original melody, 1660]
2. Bon Diéu! la grand clarta [original melody]
3. Micoulau noste pastre [melody: Nicolas va voir Jeanne]
4. Ai! quouro tournara lou tèms [melody: Quand reviendra-t-il le temps]
5. Li a proun de gènt que van en roumavage [melody: Toulerontonton]
6. Un pau après lei tempouro [melody: L'autre jour, dans sa colère]
7. Ça menen rejouissènço [melody: Quand vous serez]
8. Viven urous e countènt [melody: Vivons heureux et contents]
9. Per noun langui long dou camin [melody: Allant au marché ce matin]
10. Ai! la bono fourtuno [melody: Montalay n'est pas fière]
11. Pièisque l'ourguei de l'umano naturo [original melody]
12. Venès lèu vèire la pièucello [melody: Qu'ils sont doux, bouteille jolie (air de Lully pour le Malade imaginaire)]
Second book (1668)
13. Ai proun couneigu [melody: Pargai puisqu'enfin]
14. Chut! teisas-vous [air de l'Echo, également connu sous le nom de Tarare-Pon-pon]
15. Ourguhious plen de magagno [melody: Tircis caressait Chimène]
16. Diéu vous gard', noste mèstre [melody: Ce n'est qu'un badinage]
17. Vers lou pourtau Sant-Laze [melody: Il faut pour Endremonde]
18. Helas! qu'noun aurié pieta [original melody]
Third book (1669)
19. Li a quaucarèn que m'a fa pòu [melody: On a beau faire des serments]
20. L'Ange qu'a pourta la nouvello [air d'un menuet]
21. Nàutre sian d'enfant de cor [air du Traquenard]
22. Tòni, Guihèn, Peiroun [melody: Tout mon plus grand plaisir]
23. Un bèu matin, veguère uno accouchado [melody: Tu me défends de publier ma flamme]
24. Cerqués plus dins un marrit establo [air de la Bohémienne]
Fourth book, titled "Story of the birth of Jesus Christ" (1670)
25. Dòu tèms de l'empèri rouman [melody: Berger, va-t-en à tes moutons]
26. Hòu! de l'oustau! mèstre, mestresso [original melody]
27. Lou queitivié d'aquéu marrit estable [melody: peut-on douter?]
28. Sus lou coutau [melody: Dis-moi, Grisel]
29. Lei pastourèu [melody: Dans ce beau jour]
30. Soun tres ome fort sage [melody: Je ne m'aperçois guère]
31. Lei Mage dins Jerusalèn [melody: Non, je ne vous dirai pas]
32. La fe coumando de crèire [original melody]
Fifth book (1671)
33. Lei plus sage - Dòu vesinage [melody: Est-on sage?]
34. Lei pastre fan fèsto [melody: Aimable jeunesse]
35. Sant Jòusè m'a dit [melody: Noste paure cat (Saboly?)]
36. Ben urouso la neissènço [melody: Toujours l'amour me tourmente)
37. Aque ange qu'es vengu [melody: Un jour le berger Tircis]
38. Despièi lou tèms [air de l'Opéra]
39. Se vàutrei sias countènt [melody: Vous dirai bèn soun noum]
Sixth book (1672)
40. Me siéu plega - E bèn amaga [air du Postillon]
41. Que disès, mei bon fraire [melody: Tout rit dans nos campagnes]
42. Jujas un pàu de quinto sorto [melody: C'est un plaisir dans le bel âge]
43. Uno estello [melody: La bouteille - Me réveille]
44. Quand la miejo-nue sounavo [melody: Iéu n'aviéu uno chambriero]
45. Un ange a fa la crido [original melody]
Seventh book (1673)
46. Pastre dei mountagno [air de la Pastouro]
47. Lorsque vous sarés malaut [melody: Si vous êtes amoureux]
48. Auprès d'aquel estable [melody: Tan matin sies levado]
49. Adam e sa coumpagno [melody: Amants, quittez vos chaînes]
50. Jèsu, vous sias tout fioc e flamo [melody: Siéu pas ama]
51. Pastre, pastresso [melody: Vàutrei, fiheto, qu'avès de galant]
52. Venès vèire dins l'estable [melody: Dans le fond de ce bocage]
53. Tu que cerques tei delice [sic] [melody: Amarante est jeune et belle]
54. Vesès eici moun Nouvelisto [unknown melody]
Eighth book (1674)
55. Proufitas-me lèu, bravo bregado [melody: Changerez-vous donc?]
56. Touro-louro-louro! lou gau canto [air de Bourgogne]
57. L'estrange deluge [melody: Malgré tant d'orages]
58. Vos-tu qu'anen en Betelèn [melody: Chambriero, te vos-tu louga?]
59. Qu'vòu faire grand journado [melody: Qu'on passe en douceur sa vie]
60. Segnour, n'es pas resounable [melody: Jeunes cœurs, laissez-vous prendre]
61. Per vèire la jacènt [melody: Se Jano me vòu mau]
62. Sortez d'ici, race maudite [original melody]
Additions in the 1704 edition
63. En sourtènt de l'estable [original melody]
64. Guihaume, Tòni, Pèire [original melody]
65. A la ciéuta de Betelèn [original melody]
66. Un ange dòu cèu es vengu [air dei Boudougno] (débute par "Veici lou gros serpènt" dans l'éd. de 1704)
67. Sus! campanié, revihas-vous [air d'un carillon (Saboly)]; également attribué à Louis Puech
68. Noun vous amusés en cansoun [unknown melody]
Unpublished carols from the Bastide collection
1. Fau que l'envejo me passe - De rire de tout moun sadou
2. Vous tourmentès plus lou cervèu
3. Desespièi l'aubo dòu jour - Iéu ause dire
4. Iéu siéu Toumas, mai sariéu redicule
5. La naturo e lou pecat - Soun pire que chin a cat
6. Viras, viras de carriero - Bèu soulèu
Fragments from the Bastide collection
7. Sian eici dous enfant de cor
8. Bourtoumiéu, me vos-tu crèire?
9. Enfin Diéu es vengu
10. Se li a quaucun doute
11. Bonjour, bonjour, bello bregado
12. Un maset plen d'aragnado
13. Quinto bugado - Avié fa noste paire Adam
Other carols often attributed to Saboly (partial list)
À la ciéuta de Betelèn
Adam qu'ères urous
Aquel ange qu'es vengu
Bèn urouso la neissènço
Bergié qu'abitas dins la plano
De bon matin pèr la campagno
De matin ai rescountra lou trin (Domergue)
Frustèu, esfato ti roupiho
Iéu, ai moun fifre
La vèio de Nouvè (Peyrol)
Revèio-te, Nanan (Bruel)
Nàutrei sian tres bòumian (Puech)
Qu'aquéu jour es urous
Un ange a crida (Peyrol)
Famous carols
La marche des Rois (attributed to Saboly, but certainly by Joseph-François Domergue)
La Cambo me fai mau
La Coupo Santo: the carol composed on Guihaume, Tòni, Pèire was used with a slight rhythmic variation and words by Frédéric Mistral to make the Coupo Santo, the Provençal anthem. | [] | [
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projected-56567232-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Saboly | Nicolas Saboly | Sources | Nicolas Saboly (30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a French poet, composer and choirmaster. He composed many Christmas carols in the Provençal dialect which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day. | Category:1614 births
Category:1675 deaths
Category:17th-century male writers
Category:Occitan-language writers
Category:17th-century French poets
Category:French male composers
Category:Christmas carols
Category:Christmas in France | [] | [
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projected-44497653-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | Introduction | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | [] | [
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"Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city",
"Brooklyn-related lists",
"Skyscrapers in Brooklyn",
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projected-44497653-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | History | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | The construction of high-rise buildings in Brooklyn began during the late 19th century, following the completion of the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883 and the building of elevated railroads and streetcar lines during the late 1880s. Increased accessibility to Downtown Brooklyn brought greater economic growth and propagated denser commercial development, which increased the heights of downtown buildings throughout the 1890s. This led to the 1891 construction of Brooklyn's first skyscraper, the 10-story Franklin Trust Company Building. By 1901, the 13-story Temple Bar Building was completed and was the borough's first steel-beam high-rise, its largest office building, and its tallest at . In the early 20th-century, the opening of multiple New York City Subway lines in Downtown Brooklyn spurred further development of tall commercial buildings. The Zoning Resolution of 1916, which required buildings to incorporate setbacks from the street to allow for sunlight, influenced the construction of taller, more slender buildings.
In 1918, the 22-story and building at 32 Court Street was completed and regarded as Brooklyn's first "true skyscraper", and thus initiated a skyscraper building boom in Brooklyn centered on Court and Montague Streets. Brooklyn's high-rise development continued unabated into the 1920s. The Court and Remsen Building, built in 1926 at in height, was the first of the major high-rises to be built in Brooklyn during the 1920s and briefly held the title of Brooklyn's tallest building until 1927, when the Montague–Court Building was completed and became Brooklyn's tallest building at . Brooklyn's skyscraper building boom ceased during the Great Depression, and the Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, which was completed in 1929, remained Brooklyn's tallest building until 2009.
In 2004, several portions of Downtown Brooklyn were rezoned to promote more commercial, residential, and retail development. This rezoning allowed for greater density of development, and combined with an increased demand for housing, these areas experienced a boom in the construction of tall buildings. In addition to Downtown Brooklyn, high-rise buildings are also concentrated in the Brooklyn Heights, Fort Greene, and Williamsburg neighborhoods, although other Brooklyn neighborhoods have significant numbers of high-rises. | [
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projected-44497653-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | Tallest buildings | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | There are over 60 completed or topped out skyscrapers in Brooklyn that stand at least tall, based on standard height measurement which includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. An asterisk (*) indicates that the building is still under construction, but has been topped out. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. | [] | [
"Tallest buildings"
] | [
"Lists of tallest buildings in New York (state)",
"Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city",
"Brooklyn-related lists",
"Skyscrapers in Brooklyn",
"Lists of buildings and structures in New York City"
] |
projected-44497653-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | Under construction | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | There are a number of buildings under construction in Brooklyn that are expected to rise at least in height. The Brooklyn Tower, which has started initial construction work relating to foundation preparation, is set to rise over 1,000 feet. If completed, the tower will become the tallest building in the NYC area outside of Manhattan, and the tallest building on Long Island. | [] | [
"Tallest buildings under construction or proposed",
"Under construction"
] | [
"Lists of tallest buildings in New York (state)",
"Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city",
"Brooklyn-related lists",
"Skyscrapers in Brooklyn",
"Lists of buildings and structures in New York City"
] |
projected-44497653-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | Timeline of tallest buildings | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Brooklyn. | [
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] | [
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"Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city",
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"Skyscrapers in Brooklyn",
"Lists of buildings and structures in New York City"
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projected-44497653-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | See also | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | Architecture of New York City
List of tallest buildings in New York City
List of tallest buildings in Queens
List of tallest buildings on Long Island | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Lists of tallest buildings in New York (state)",
"Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city",
"Brooklyn-related lists",
"Skyscrapers in Brooklyn",
"Lists of buildings and structures in New York City"
] |
projected-44497653-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20buildings%20in%20Brooklyn | List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn | References | Brooklyn, the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, contains over 60 high-rises that stand taller than . The Brooklyn Tower, a condominium and rental tower in the Downtown neighborhood of the borough, is Brooklyn's tallest building at following its topping out in October 2021. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower in Fort Greene, at , was the tallest building in Brooklyn for 80 years from its completion in 1929 until 2009, when The Brooklyner was topped out at . | Explanatory notes
a. An asterisk (*) indicates that the building is still under construction, but has been topped out.
Citations
Sources | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Lists of tallest buildings in New York (state)",
"Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city",
"Brooklyn-related lists",
"Skyscrapers in Brooklyn",
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] |
projected-06901053-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Introduction | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | [] | [
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projected-06901053-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Early life and education | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | A native of Palazzolo dello Stella (Friuli), Gaetana Aulenti (Gae, as she was known, is pronounced similarly to "guy") grew up playing the piano and reading books. She studied architecture at the Milan Polytechnic University and graduated in 1954 as one of two women in a class of 20. She told The Times that she studied architecture in defiance of her parents’ hope that she would become “a nice society girl.” She soon joined the staff of Casabella, a design magazine, and joined with her peers in rejecting the architecture of masters like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. They called themselves the “Neo Liberty” movement, where they favoured traditional building methods coupled with individual stylistic expression. | [] | [
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projected-06901053-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Work and career | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | Aulenti began her career as a private-practicing architect and freelance designer out of Milan in 1954. Her architectural practice included many interior flat designs for corporate clients, including Fiat, Banca Commerciale Italiana, Pirelli, Olivetti, and Knoll International. Her freelance design work included products for Poltronova, Candle, Ideal Standard, Louis Vuitton, and Artemide, to name a few.
Branching into written publication, Aulenti joined the editorial staff at the design magazine Casabella-Continuità from 1955 until 1965 as an art director, doing graphic design work, and later served on the board of directors for the renamed Lotus International magazine (based in Milan from 1974 onwards). During that time she became part of a group of young professionals influenced by the philosophy of Ernesto Nathan Rogers.
Aulenti taught at Venice School of Architecture as an assistant instructor in architectural composition from 1960 to 1962 and at the Milan School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University from 1964 to 1967. With these experiences, she became a visiting lecturer at congresses and professional institutions in Europe and North America from 1967 onwards. She sought membership in two of them, American Society of Interior Designers, 1967, and Member of Movimento Studi per I'Architettura, Milan, 1955-61. During that time, she also designed for a department store, La Rinascente, and later designed furniture for Zanotta, where she created two of her most well known pieces, the "April" folding chair which was made from stainless steel with a removable cover, and her "Sanmarco" table constructed from plate-glass. Transitioning from teaching, Aulenti joined Luca Ronconi as a collaborator in figurative research for Laboratorio di Progettazione Teatrale out of Prato, Florence (1976–79). She then also served as vice-president of the Italian Association of Industrial Design (ADI).
In 1981, she was chosen to turn the 1900 Beaux Arts Gare d'Orsay train station, a spectacular landmark originally designed by Victor Laloux, into the Musée d’Orsay, a museum of mainly French art from 1848 to 1915. Her work on the Musée d’Orsay led to commissions to create a space for the National Museum of Modern Art at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris; the restoration of the Palazzo Grassi as an art museum in Venice; the conversion of an old Italian embassy in Berlin into an Academy of Science; and the restoration of a 1929 exhibition hall in Barcelona as Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya. In San Francisco, she transformed the city’s Beaux Art Main Library into a museum of Asian art. In 2011, Aulenti oversaw the expansion of Perugia Airport.
Aulenti also occasionally worked as a stage designer for Luca Ronconi, including for Samstag aus Licht (1984). She also planned six stores for the fashion designer Adrienne Vittadini, including one on Rodeo Drive in Los Angeles. She even designed the mannequins.
Aulenti's work in theater was highly architectural, as she saw 'the scenic box not as a container to embellish and render recognizable in the sense of something already known, but as a real space in itself".
Her career ended with over 200 built works. | [] | [
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projected-06901053-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Selected individual and group exhibitions | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | 1963: Aspetti dell'Arte Contemporanea, L'Aquila, Italy
1967: Gae Aulenti, Gimbels Department Store, New York
1968: Italian Design, Hallmark Gallery, New York
1972: Italy: The New Domestic Landscape, Museum of Modern Art, New York
1979: Gae Aulenti, Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea, Milan
1985: Le Affinità Elettive, Milan Triennal
1985: 10 Proposte per Milano, Milan Triennal | [] | [
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"Peop... |
projected-06901053-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Style | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | Aulenti worked in the post-war period of Italy while creating pieces that spanned across a wide variety of styles and influences. She always wanted the focus of the room to be the occupants, believing people make the room a room. She had a modest style; Vogue quoted her as saying "advice to whoever asks me how to make a home is to not have anything, just a few shelves for books, some pillows to sit on. And then, to take a stand against the ephemeral, against passing trends...and to return to lasting values." | [] | [
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projected-06901053-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Various works | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | Poltronova, Sgarsul Rocking Chair, 1962
Poltronova, Locus Solus Collection, 1964
Martinelli Luce Pipistrello Table Lamp, 1965
Knoll, Jumbo Table, 1965
Fontana Arte, Parola Lamps, 1980
Fontana Arte, Tavalo con Route, 1980
Fontana Arte, Tour, 1993
Gaecolor Vase, 2005
Olivetti Showroom in Paris, 1965
Musee d'Orsay, 1980–1986
National Museum of Modern Art at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, 1982–1985
Palazzo Grassi Renovation, 1985–1993
National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC) Restoration, 1990
Villa at Torrecchia Vecchia, c. 1991
Museum of Asian Art in San Francisco, 2003
Palazzo Branciforte, Palermo | [] | [
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projected-06901053-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Death and legacy | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | Aulenti died in Milan on 31 October 2012, just weeks prior to her 85th birthday. She was suffering from chronic illness and made her last public appearance on 16 October, when she received the career prize at the Milan Triennale. Aulenti is commemorated in Milan by the in December 2012, soon after her death.
A portion of Aulenti's papers, drawings, and designs including the design drawings for the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, California are collected at International Archive of Women in Architecture in Newman Library, Virginia Tech. | [] | [
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projected-06901053-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Awards | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | At the 1964 Milan Triennial, Aulenti won the Grand International Prize for her piece in the Italian Pavilion. Her piece was a room with mirrored walls with cutout silhouettes of women inspired by Picasso. It was entitled "Arrivo al Mare". She also served on the Executive Board for the Triennial from 1977- 1980. In 1991, she was awarded the prestigious Praemium Imperiale.
Ubi Prize for Stage Design, Milan, 1980
Architecture Medal, Academie d' Architecture, Paris, 1983
Josef Hoffmann Prize, Hochschule fur Angewandte Kunst, Vienna, 1984
Chevalier de la Legion d' Honneur, France, 1987
Commandeur, Order des Artes et Letters, France, 1987
Honorary Dean of Architecture, Merchandise Mart of Chicago, 1988
Accademico Nazionale, Accademia di San Luca, Rome, 1988
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (6 december 1995) | [] | [
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projected-06901053-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Publications (selected) | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | Aulenti and others, Una Nova Scuola de Base, Milan, 1973
Aulenti, Franco Quadri and Luca Renconi, Il Laboratorio di Prato, Milan, 1981
Aulenti and others, Il Quartetto delta Maledizione, Milan, 1985
Aulenti and others, Progetto Bicocca, Milan, 1986
Aulenti, Gae Aulenti, New York, 1997 | [] | [
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projected-06901053-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Quotes | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | "There are plenty of other talented female architects, but most of them seem to link up with men...I've always worked for myself, and it's been quite and education. Women in architecture must not think of themselves as a minority, because the minute you do, you become paralyzed. It is important to never create the problem." – Aulenti quoted in The Guardian's recent obituary.
"Advice to whoever asks me how to make a home is to not have anything, just a few shelves for books, some pillows to sit on. And then, to take a stand against the ephemeral, against passing trends...and to return to lasting values." – Aulenti to Vogue
"I am convinced that architecture is tied to the polis, it is an art of the city, of the foundation, and as such it is necessarily related and conditioned by the context in which it is born. Place, time, and culture create that architecture, instead of another." – Aulenti in Margherita Petranzan, Gae Aulenti, Rizzoli Skira, Milan, 2002
"It's not possible to define a style in my work. If you're designing an airport, then airplanes are important. It's no more complicated designing a museum. I prefer museums for my personal passion – the art." – Aulenti quoted in The Times
"The conscious principle in this design has been to achieve forms that could create experiences, and that could at the same time welcome everyone's experiences with the serenity of an effortless development." – Aulenti
"When you're criticized for something, it's best to wait two or three years and see." – Aulenti
"What is more real and tangible within an artificial space than brick?" - Aulenti
"Raggi: Has the fact that you are a woman been a crucial influence in your work:" Aulenti: Yes." – Aulenti in interview with Franco Raggi, "From a Great Desire to Build a City" published in Modo, no. 21, 1979. | [] | [
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"People of Calabrian descent",
"Peop... |
projected-06901053-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Further reading | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli. | Muriel Emmanuel. Contemporary Architects. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980. . NA680.C625. p 53.
Ruth A Peltason. 100 Contemporary Architects. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. . NA2700.L26. p 24.
"Design & Art: Gae Aulenti." Design & Art: Products. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20111016072543/http://www.designandart.at/designer/gae-aulenti/>.
Davide Mosconi. "Design Italia '70" Milan 1970.
Nathan H. Shapira, "Design Processes Olivetti 1908–1978". Los Angeles, 1979.
Vittorio Gregotti, Emilio Battisti, Franco Quadri. "Gae Aulenti" exhibition catalog. Milan 1979.
Erica Brown, "Interior Views" London 1980
Eric Larrabee, Massimo Vignelli, "Knoll Design", New York 1981.
"Gae Autenti e il Museo d' Orsay" Milan 1987.
Arata Isozaki "International Design Yearbook 1988–89", London 1988.
Marc Gaillard, Oeil Magazine, November 1990.
Jeremy Myerson, "Grande Dame" article in Design Week, 14 October 1994.
"Pillow Talk" article in Design Week, 10 November 1995. | [] | [
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projected-06901054-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat%20Generation%20%28play%29 | Beat Generation (play) | Introduction | Beat Generation is a play written by Jack Kerouac upon returning home to Florida after his seminal work On the Road had been published in 1957. Gerald Nicosia, a Kerouac biographer and family friend has said that theatre producer Leo Gavin suggested that Kerouac should write a play; the outcome being Beat Generation.
It was rejected by theatre companies and was shelved in warehouse storage until being rediscovered in a New Jersey warehouse in 2005.
A part of Beat Generation went on to provide the script for the 1959 film Pull My Daisy, which starred Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky, Gregory Corso, Larry Rivers, Alice Neel, David Amram, Richard Bellamy and Delphine Seyrig. It was named after the poem "Pull My Daisy" by Kerouac, Ginsberg and Neal Cassady. Kerouac provided improvised narration to the film.
Since then excerpts have appeared in Best Life Magazine (July 2005), and the play has been published by Thunders Mouth Press. Beat Generation received its world premiere as part of the 2012 Jack Kerouac Literary Festival from October 10–14 in Kerouac's hometown of Lowell, Massachusetts. It was announced the play would be presented in a staged reading format by Merrimack Repertory Theatre and the University of Massachusetts Lowell. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Works by Jack Kerouac",
"American plays adapted into films"
] | |
projected-56567233-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coule%C3%A9-D | Couleé-D | Introduction | Couleé-D is an extended play (EP) by American drag performer Shea Couleé, released on June 23, 2017. Ahead of the EP's release, music videos co-directed by Shea Couleé were released for all three songs on June 22. The collection was produced by Shea Couleé and VAM studio. Fellow RuPaul's Drag Race contestant The Vixen is featured on the track "Cocky". | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2017 EPs",
"Shea Couleé albums",
"Self-released EPs"
] | |
projected-56567233-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coule%C3%A9-D | Couleé-D | Composition and production | Couleé-D is an extended play (EP) by American drag performer Shea Couleé, released on June 23, 2017. Ahead of the EP's release, music videos co-directed by Shea Couleé were released for all three songs on June 22. The collection was produced by Shea Couleé and VAM studio. Fellow RuPaul's Drag Race contestant The Vixen is featured on the track "Cocky". | The visual album Couleé-D has three tracks with accompanying music videos: "Ride", "Cocky", featuring fellow RuPaul's Drag Race contestant The Vixen as well as Lila Star, and "Feeling So". She recorded a total of eleven tracks, but decided not to release a larger collection. She said, "There [are] all these different sounds and different vibes—there's also really great stuff that's unreleased that I'm holding onto because I think what I want to do is to just release smaller albums, EPs and then have visuals for all them and continue telling the stories."
According to Out'''s Rose Dommu, the EP "doesn't have a particular narrative' and offers "three distinct elements of Couleé’s drag persona". The videos were co-produced by Shea Couleé and the Chicago-based production company VAM, and filmed locally immediately following her appearance of RuPaul's DragCon LA.
Songs
Shea Couleé has said of the opening track, "'Ride' is the really laid back band-jam homegirl jam that she would listen to [while] smoking a blunt with your friends—just like chilling at a cookout". She said of the second song: "'Cocky' actually came about because [during Drag Race], there was a contestant that had been kinda running her mouth in the streets about me and calling me 'Cocky' after her exit. I've always prided myself on being able to maintain a sense of humility and perspective about my abilities and what it is that I can do as an artist and performer. So I was really like, 'Oh yeah girl?'"
On the origins of the EP's third and final track, Shea Couleé has recalled:
Release and promotion
The EP was released unexpectedly on June 23, 2017, coinciding with the finale of the ninth season of RuPaul's Drag Race, preceded only by Out exclusive release of the three accompanying music videos on June 22.
Reception
James Besanvalle of Gay Star News said the EP and accompanying music videos, "all with very different vibes", "show a unique diversity" of Shea Couleé and "[prove] she's a triple threat – she can dance, sing and act". Out Rose Dommu said the music videos "[cement] her as one of the most versatile, talented and hard-working queens in Drag Race'' herstory". | [
"The Vixen live in 2018.png"
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"Composition and production"
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projected-56567233-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coule%C3%A9-D | Couleé-D | Track listing | Couleé-D is an extended play (EP) by American drag performer Shea Couleé, released on June 23, 2017. Ahead of the EP's release, music videos co-directed by Shea Couleé were released for all three songs on June 22. The collection was produced by Shea Couleé and VAM studio. Fellow RuPaul's Drag Race contestant The Vixen is featured on the track "Cocky". | Track listing adapted from the Apple Store and Spotify | [] | [
"Track listing"
] | [
"2017 EPs",
"Shea Couleé albums",
"Self-released EPs"
] |
projected-56567236-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitromorpha%20thalaoides | Mitromorpha thalaoides | Introduction | Mitromorpha thalaoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Mitromorpha",
"Gastropods described in 2014"
] | |
projected-56567236-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitromorpha%20thalaoides | Mitromorpha thalaoides | Description | Mitromorpha thalaoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae. | The length of the shell varies between 3 mm and 4.1 mm. | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Mitromorpha",
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projected-56567236-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitromorpha%20thalaoides | Mitromorpha thalaoides | Distribution | Mitromorpha thalaoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae. | This marine species occurs off the Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu and the Philippines. | [] | [
"Distribution"
] | [
"Mitromorpha",
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projected-56567236-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitromorpha%20thalaoides | Mitromorpha thalaoides | References | Mitromorpha thalaoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae. | Chino M. & Stahlschmidt P. , 2014. Description of four new shallow water Mitromorpha species from the western Pacific (Gastropoda: Mitromorphidae). Visaya 4(2):: 21–27 | [] | [
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"Mitromorpha",
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projected-44497669-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Leach | Maria Leach | Introduction | Maria Leach (April 30, 1892 – May 22, 1977) was an American writer and editor of books on folklores of the world. A noted scholar, she compiled and edited a major reference work on folklore and was the author or editor of thirteen books for adults, young people, and children. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"20th-century American writers",
"Folklore",
"1892 births",
"1977 deaths",
"Writers from New York City",
"20th-century American women writers"
] | |
projected-44497669-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Leach | Maria Leach | Early life, education, and marriage | Maria Leach (April 30, 1892 – May 22, 1977) was an American writer and editor of books on folklores of the world. A noted scholar, she compiled and edited a major reference work on folklore and was the author or editor of thirteen books for adults, young people, and children. | Born in New York City, Maria Leach was the former Alice-Mary Doane, daughter of Benjamin H. Doane and Mary (Davis) Doane. Her father was a native of Nova Scotia, one of Canada's three Maritime provinces. Born in Barrington, in Shelburne County, he was a descendant of the venerable family called Doane (an Anglicized form of a Gaelic name common in southern Ireland since the 1500s). In Nova Scotia he had connections to seafaring through his own father, a ship's captain. In the late 1870s or early 1880s, Benjamin Doane and his wife Mary, a native of South Carolina and an unreconstructed Rebel, moved to New York and established a home in Manhattan, where they lived for some years and raised their children.
Alice-Mary Doane spent her youth and received her early education in New York City. Upon graduation from high school she went to Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, whose curriculum was shaped by the perspective of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). She then went on to study for a master's degree in anthropology at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. There she met MacEdward Leach, a student of medieval literature and philology with a strong interest in folklore. His fascination with the oral tradition of medieval folk tales was shared by Alice-Mary, who by then was known as Maria (pronounced "Ma-RYE-uh" in the British fashion), which she had adopted as a pen name. After MacEdward Leach earned a bachelor's degree in 1916 and completed his military service in World War I, he and Maria married in 1917 and moved to Baltimore, where both of them pursued graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University.
MacEdward Leach earned a master's degree at Johns Hopkins that same year, 1917. Maria continued her studies toward a doctorate in folklore in 1918–19. In 1920 he entered the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and began teaching as an instructor of English. Not long after, in 1924, the Leaches became the parents of a son, Macdonald, their only child. As a young father, MacEdward Leach obtained his doctorate in English in 1930 and joined the faculty of the university in 1931 as an assistant professor of English. | [] | [
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"20th-century American writers",
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projected-44497669-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Leach | Maria Leach | Later life and professional career | Maria Leach (April 30, 1892 – May 22, 1977) was an American writer and editor of books on folklores of the world. A noted scholar, she compiled and edited a major reference work on folklore and was the author or editor of thirteen books for adults, young people, and children. | In 1936, Maria Leach found employment in the Philadelphia offices of Funk & Wagnalls, a scholarly publishing firm. As working parents, the Leaches then set up house in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and some years later, once their son was away at boarding school, decided to follow mostly independent pathways. While he remained in Pennsylvania, she moved back to New York, returning to their home in Bucks County for occasional weekends. MacEdward Leach would subsequently devote his entire career to teaching and working at the university, where, among other accomplishments, he founded the program in folklore.
Maria Leach also continued to work in the burgeoning field of folklore. Having resettled in Manhattan, in Greenwich Village, she worked in the New York offices of Funk & Wagnalls as a dictionary editor. There, after her amicable divorce from MacEdward Leach in the mid-1940s, she compiled and edited the major reference work on folklore, mythology, and legend for which she is best known. From 1953 to 1958 she was a textbook editor at McGraw-Hill Book Company. During this time, in 1954, she wrote the first of what would become a substantial list of published works. In the late 1950s, she decided to retire and move to Nova Scotia. Her connection to the people of Cape Breton led her to establish residence in Shelburne County, at first in Barrington, in the Doane's family home, and then, finally, at Coffinscroft. A folklorist of international renown, she was still actively engaged in writing at the time of her death in 1977.
During her lifetime, Maria Leach was a prominent member of the American Folklore Society, for which she served as councilor. She also held memberships in the American Anthropological Association, the American Dialect Society, the Northeast Folklore Society, the Society for Ethnomusicology, the American Indian Ethnohistoric Conference, and the Religious Society of Friends. In Nova Scotia, she was active in the Canadian Folklore Society and the Cape Breton Historical Society. | [] | [
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"20th-century American writers",
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"20th-century American women writers"
] |
projected-44497669-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Leach | Maria Leach | Published works | Maria Leach (April 30, 1892 – May 22, 1977) was an American writer and editor of books on folklores of the world. A noted scholar, she compiled and edited a major reference work on folklore and was the author or editor of thirteen books for adults, young people, and children. | Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, 2 vols., edited by Leach (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1949); reissued in a one-volume, unabridged edition by Harper & Row in 1972 – encyclopedic
The Turnspit Dog, illustrated by Winifred Bromhall (New York: Aladdin Books, 1952)
The Soup Stone: The Magic of Familiar Things, with decorations by Mamie Hannon (Funk & Wagnalls, 1954)
The Beginning: Creation Myths around the World, illus. Jan Bell Fairservis (Funk & Wagnalls, 1956)
The Rainbow Book of American Folk Tales and Legends, illus. Marc Simont (Cleveland: World Publishing, 1958)
The Thing at the Foot of the Bed and Other Scary Tales, illus. Kurt Werth (World, 1959; London: Collins, 1959); reissued by Philomel Books in 1982
God Had a Dog: Folklore of the Dog (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1961)
Noodles, Nitwits, and Numbskulls, illus. Kurt Werth (World, 1961)
The Luck Book, illus. Kurt Werth (World, 1964)
How the People Sang the Mountain Up: How and Why Stories, illus. Glen Rounds (New York: Viking, 1967)
Riddle Me, Riddle Me, Ree, illus. William Wiesner (Viking, 1970); reissued by Puffin Books in 1977
Whistle in the Graveyard: Folktales to Chill Your Bones, illus. Ken Rinciari (Viking, 1974); reissued by Penguin Books in 1982
The Lion Sneezed: Folktales and Myths of the Cat, illus. Helen Siegel (New York: Crowell, 1977)
The Importance of Being a Wit: The Insults of Oscar Wilde, compiled by Leach (New York: Carrol & Graf, 1997; London: Michael O'Mara, 1997) – published posthumously | [] | [
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"20th-century American writers",
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projected-06901058-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | Introduction | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1950s jazz standards",
"1951 songs",
"1950s instrumentals",
"James Brown songs",
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projected-06901058-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | Origins and development | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | "Night Train" has a long and complicated history. The piece's opening riff was first recorded in 1940 by a small group led by Duke Ellington sideman Johnny Hodges, under the title "That's the Blues, Old Man".
Ellington used the same riff as the opening and closing theme of a longer-form composition, "Happy-Go-Lucky Local", that was itself one of four parts of his Deep South Suite. Forrest was part of Ellington's band when it performed this composition, which has a long tenor saxophone break in the middle. After leaving Ellington, Forrest recorded "Night Train" on United Records and had a major rhythm & blues hit. While "Night Train" employs the same riff as the earlier recordings, it is used in a much earthier R&B setting. Forrest inserted his own solo over a stop-time rhythm not used in the Ellington composition. He put his own stamp on the tune, but its relation to the earlier composition is obvious. | [] | [
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"1950s jazz standards",
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projected-06901058-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | Solo importance | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | Like Illinois Jacquet's solo on "Flying Home", Forrest's original saxophone solo on "Night Train" became a veritable part of the composition, and is usually recreated in cover versions by other performers. Buddy Morrow's trombone transcription of Forrest's solo from his big-band recording of the tune is similarly incorporated into many performances.
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) credits the composition to Jimmy Forrest and Oscar Washington. | [] | [
"Solo importance"
] | [
"1950s jazz standards",
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projected-06901058-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | Lyrics | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | Several different sets of lyrics have been set to the tune of "Night Train". The earliest, written in 1952, are credited to Lewis P. Simpkins, the co-owner of United Records, and guitarist Oscar Washington. They are a typical blues lament by man who regrets treating his woman badly now that she has left him. Douglas Wolk, who describes the original lyrics as "fairly awful", suggests that Simpkins co-wrote (or had Washington write) them as a deliberate throwaway, in order to get part of the tune's songwriting credit; this entitled him to substantial share of "Night Train"'s royalties, even though it was most often performed as an instrumental without the lyrics.
Eddie Jefferson recorded a version of "Night Train" with more optimistic lyrics, about a woman returning to her man on the night train. | [] | [
"Lyrics"
] | [
"1950s jazz standards",
"1951 songs",
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projected-06901058-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | James Brown version | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | James Brown recorded "Night Train" with his band in 1961. His performance replaced the original lyrics of the song with a shouted list of cities on his East Coast touring itinerary (and hosts to black radio stations he hoped would play his music) along with many repetitions of the song's name. (Brown would repeat this lyrical formula on "Mashed Potatoes U.S.A." and several other recordings.) He also played drums on the recording. Originally appearing as a track on the album James Brown Presents His Band and Five Other Great Artists, it received a single release in 1962 and became a hit, charting #5 R&B and #35 Pop.
A live version of the tune was the closing number on Brown's 1963 album Live at the Apollo. Brown also performs "Night Train" along with his singing group the Famous Flames (Bobby Byrd, Bobby Bennett, and Lloyd Stallworth) on the 1964 motion picture/concert film The T.A.M.I. Show.
Brown's backing band the J.B.'s would later incorporate the main saxophone line of "Night Train" in their instrumental single, "All Aboard The Soul Funky Train", released on the 1975 album Hustle with Speed. | [] | [
"James Brown version"
] | [
"1950s jazz standards",
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projected-06901058-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | Other versions | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | Earl Bostic - 1952 a faster version more familiar to modern listeners which was imitated in the movie Back to the Future.
Louis Prima - 1956 on The Wildest! album.
James Brown – Live at the Apollo, 1963
Dirty Dozen Brass Band – Live: Mardi Gras in Montreux, 1986
Jimmy Forrest – 1951
Eddie Jefferson with Hamiet Bluiett – The Main Man, 1977
Art Mooney and His Orchestra, 1958
Buddy Morrow – 1952
Oscar Peterson – Night Train, 1962
Georgie Fame – Rhythm and Blues at the Flamingo, 1964
Marvin Berry & The Starlighters - 1955, performed up-tempo in the 1985 movie Back to the Future World Saxophone Quartet – Rhythm and Blues, 1988
Christian McBride – For Jimmy, Wes and Oliver'', 2020 | [] | [
"Other versions"
] | [
"1950s jazz standards",
"1951 songs",
"1950s instrumentals",
"James Brown songs",
"The Kingsmen songs"
] |
projected-06901058-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | See also | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. | List of train songs | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1950s jazz standards",
"1951 songs",
"1950s instrumentals",
"James Brown songs",
"The Kingsmen songs"
] |
projected-17330081-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Introduction | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1977 births",
"People from Beachwood, Ohio",
"Politicians from Cleveland",
"Members of the Ohio House of Representatives",
"State treasurers of Ohio",
"Ohio Republicans",
"United States Marine Corps reservists",
"United States Marines",
"United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War",
"Cas... | |
projected-17330081-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Early life and education | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | Mandel was born to a Jewish family on September 27, 1977, in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Rita (née Friedman) and Bruce Mandel. Mandel's maternal grandfather, Joe, is originally from Poland and is a Holocaust survivor, while his maternal grandmother, Fernanda, is originally from Italy and was hidden from the Nazis by Christian families during World War II. Mandel has a sister, Rachel. He attended Beachwood High School, where he was the quarterback of the football team.
Mandel earned a bachelor's degree from the Ohio State University. At Ohio State, he served two terms as the undergraduate student government president. After graduating from Ohio State in 2000, he earned a Juris Doctor from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law. | [] | [
"Early life and education"
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"United States Marine Corps reservists",
"United States Marines",
"United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War",
"Cas... |
projected-17330081-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Military service | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | Mandel enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, where he served eight years as an intelligence specialist. His first tour was from February to November 2004, during which he was attached to a light armored reconnaissance battalion. He left for his second tour in September 2007. Attached to an infantry battalion, Mandel served in the city of Haditha. | [] | [
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"United States Marines",
"United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War",
"Cas... |
projected-17330081-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Lyndhurst city council | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | Mandel was elected to the Lyndhurst, Ohio, city council in 2003. He was on the council's finance committee.
In January 2005, Mandel sent a letter to Lyndhurst residents, proposing a one-time tax rebate of $400, paying the postage for the letters from his campaign fund. Faced with opposition from fellow council members, Mandel introduced and advocated for a 2 mill property tax rollback, which would have saved the average homeowner $100 a year on a home valued at $160,000. On April 4, 2005, the Council passed a 1.5 mill rollback that saved the average homeowner $75 per year. | [] | [
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"United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War",
"Cas... |
projected-17330081-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Elections | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | Mandel was first elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in November 2006.
He represented Ohio's 17th House district, consisting of 17 communities of various sizes in southeastern Cuyahoga County. Mandel was re-elected to a second term in 2008. | [] | [
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projected-17330081-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Tenure | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | Mandel's first piece of legislation as a State Representative, H.B. 151, was an initiative to force the multibillion-dollar Ohio pension funds to divest from companies doing business in Iran. He joined State Representative Shannon Jones (R) in an attempt to make Ohio the first state in the nation to divest from Iran, but the legislation was never signed into law due to a compromise between state pension executives and Ohio House leadership, agreed to by Mandel. Then-Speaker of the Ohio House Jon Husted brokered a deal to drop half of the state's investments in Iran and Sudan with the eventual goal of removing all investment from the two countries.
In the 128th Assembly, Mandel was one of 19 House members to vote against legislation to make cockfighting a felony. Mandel said that the legislation was not a pressing priority for the state and that the General Assembly should spend its time in other ways.
Also in the 128th Assembly, Mandel voted against legislation that "[p]rohibits discriminatory practices on the basis of "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" under many of the Ohio Civil Rights Commission (OCRC) Law's existing prohibitions against various unlawful discriminatory practices.". The bill passed the Ohio House by a vote of 56 to 39. | [] | [
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"United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War",
"Cas... |
projected-17330081-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | State Treasurer | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | In May 2009, Mandel announced his candidacy for Ohio Treasurer of State via web video. Mandel's campaign generated controversy in late September 2010 when it ran a TV commercial falsely suggesting that Mandel's opponent, African-American Kevin Boyce, was a Muslim. The commercial was criticized for playing on anti-Muslim bias, and was ultimately withdrawn by the Mandel campaign. However, voters subsequently received a campaign mailing with similar themes. The Mandel campaign said that the Ohio Republican Party was responsible for the mailers, which had already been sent via bulk mail. In October 2010, in response to an Ohio Democratic Party complaint, the Ohio Elections Commission found that Mandel had deceptively depicted Boyce (an African Methodist Episcopal) as a Muslim in the ads.
On November 2, 2010, Mandel was elected Ohio State Treasurer, defeating Boyce by 14 percentage points to become chief investment officer of state funds. Mandel was sworn in on January 10, 2011.
During Mandel's time as treasurer, Ohio retained the highest possible rating from Standard & Poor's for the state's $4 billion government investment fund. On March 19, 2012, Mandel severed contracts with two major banks that handled $41 billion in Ohio pension investments, amid government investigations into whether the banks overcharged clients for currency trading accusing them of "systematically exploiting public pension funds and taxpayers."
Mandel was reelected to a second term as state treasurer in 2014, defeating Democratic State Representative Connie Pillich. | [] | [
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projected-17330081-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | OhioCheckbook.com | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | In December 2014, Mandel launched OhioCheckbook.com, a website that reports every expenditure in state government, in an effort, according to Mandel, to "create an army of citizen watchdogs who have the power to hold politicians accountable." Because there was no coordination with a similar effort undertaken by then-Governor John Kasich, Ohio ran two overlapping disclosure sites for several years. In June 2020, the state of Ohio merged the two sites, saving nearly a million dollars. | [] | [
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projected-17330081-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | STABLE Accounts | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | In summer 2015, Ohio passed legislation granting the Ohio Treasurer's Office the authority to open and administer ABLE accounts; such accounts are a federally authorized, state-run savings program for eligible people with disabilities. In June 2016, Mandel began offering the nation's first ABLE accounts, called in Ohio "STABLE Accounts". The Ohio Treasurer's Office, in addition to administering Ohio's STABLE Accounts, also jointly administers the ABLE accounts in Arizona, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming. | [] | [
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projected-17330081-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Advertising controversy | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | In 2016 and 2017, the Ohio Treasurer's Office under Mandel spent almost $1.7 million in taxpayer-funded television ads, featuring him and Urban Meyer, the head coach for the Ohio State Buckeyes football team. Mandel's office made each payment for the ads to individual television stations in an amount less than $50,000 per fiscal year, thus circumventing the need for approval by the state Controlling Board, which must sign-off on state payments over this amount. Thirteen ad buys were within $1,000 of the $50,000 threshold. Mandel defended the ads, saying they helped increase awareness of an investment program for disabled Ohioans. Critics questioned the airing of self-promotional ads at a time when Mandel was running for U.S. Senate and said that Mandel's office was trying to avoid scrutiny by structuring the ad buys to avoid Controlling Board approval.
In response to the controversy, the Ohio House introduced an amendment to the state's 2017 budget. The amendment would require approval by the Controlling Board for ad buys that in aggregate exceed $50,000. This rule would have prevented Mandel from avoiding oversight by distributing the advertising campaign among individual ad buys. Mandel did not attend an Ohio Senate hearing on the matter. He sent a deputy instead. | [] | [
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projected-17330081-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | OhioCrypto.com | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | In November 2018, Mandel made Ohio the first U.S. state to allow taxpayers to pay taxes with cryptocurrency. Mandel's initiative, OhioCrypto.com, allowed Ohio taxpayers to pay tax bills in Bitcoin; he described the initiative as a way to project Ohio as a state that is embracing blockchain technology. Mandel described himself as a cryptocurrency enthusiast and said that he hoped the launch of OhioCrypto.com would bring more legitimacy to cryptocurrency. Ohio Attorney General Yost subsequently found, "The Treasurer's use of a payment processor to convert cryptocurrency into dollars for the payment of taxes is not authorized, expressly or impliedly, by statutes allowing the receipt of electronic payments." Mandel's successor suspended the program, noting that it had processed fewer than ten transactions. | [] | [
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projected-17330081-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | 2012 U.S. Senate election | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance. | Mandel was the Republican nominee to challenge Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate from Ohio. Mandel officially announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate on March 1, 2012. He won the March 6, 2012 Republican primary with 63% of the vote in a five-candidate race.
Mandel earned the endorsement of several prominent conservative politicians, including: New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, and Sen. John McCain. Mandel also received the endorsements of U.S. Sen. Rob Portman and U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan.
Mandel's campaign was singled out by the independent fact-checking group Politifact for its "casual relationship with the truth" and its tendency to "double down" after inaccuracies were pointed out. Politifact wrote: "For all the gifts Mandel has, from his compelling personal narrative as an Iraq war veteran to a well-oiled fundraising machine, whoppers are fast becoming a calling card of his candidacy."
Mandel had raised $7.2 million through the first quarter of 2012; his $5.3 million cash on hand trailed Brown's $6.3 million. Mandel benefited from support from conservative out-of-state superPACs. As of July 2012, these outside groups--including Crossroads GPS--aired $10 million in TV advertising supporting Mandel and attacking Brown, outspending Democratic Party-aligned outside groups by a margin of more than five-to-one. Mandel's campaign was aided by over $1 million spent primarily on attack ads by a 501(c)(4) organization called the "Government Integrity Fund".
A few days before the election, several of Mandel's relatives published an open letter in the Cleveland Jewish News criticizing Mandel for his anti-gay views, stating that his own cousin, a graduate of the US Air Force Academy, was married to another woman, and that Mandel believed LGBT people "should be forced to live a life of secrecy and lies".
Brown defeated Mandel 51%-45% in the November 6, 2012 general election.
In August 2013, the Ohio Democratic Party and EMILY's List accused Mandel of violating federal and state campaign laws by using a vehicle owned by his U.S. Senate campaign for personal purposes. The vehicle was involved in a traffic accident on March 5, 2013, nearly four months after Mandel's Senate campaign had ended; he was a passenger in the vehicle when the accident occurred. Mandel contended that he had done nothing improper. | [] | [
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