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under desktop and get the um root.ext. So that's going to be the box. Oh wait, I just realized there was one more thing I wanted to show, right? Um, I kind of forgot about it because the server was cleaning itself up. But let's say we're on an actual engagement and we just did this ESC4 and we modify the certificate te... | 2,473.839 | 0 | {
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changes made and that's just because the server reverted itself. But this is what I would do um on an engagement after I modified a template. I would always try to revert it back to how it was uh before I exploited it. So, with that being said, that's the video. Hope you guys enjoyed it. Take care and we'll see you all... | 2,536.88 | 0 | {
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What's going on YouTube? This is IPSC and we'll be doing Eureka from hack the box which if you're good at recon this could be on the easier side of hard. The first tricky part is enumerating the backend framework is spring boot which helps you find that the actuator endpoints are exposed namely the heap dump one. It ca... | 0.24 | 0 | {
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but we can register our own service and that lets us hijack the /lo endpoint which lets us get credentials of users logging in. With this credential, we gain access to some log files and there's an analytical script that is running that has a code injection vulnerability once we poison this log file. So with that being... | 43.44 | 0 | {
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us it's engine X also running on Ubuntu. And is redirecting all the requests to Fernie.htb. So let's go ahead and add this to our host file. So we'll do a pseudo vets host. And then we can do 101011.66 fernie.htb. | 90 | 0 | {
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And this is just going to allow us to view that page. Right? So, let's go close this. And there's nothing else in this end map. So, I'm going to go over to Firefox and we can just go http 1010166. | 107.119 | 0 | {
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It'll redirect to fernie.htb which we have in our host file. So, it lets us go to the page. Now, the first thing I always like doing is looking at the source code to see if I can figure out how this page is built. Right? We have a static images fave icon. I'm just looking for links that may like indicate a content mana... | 118.799 | 0 | {
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If we go over to Wapalizer, I'm kind of curious if it sees anything. Uh, we have engine X, Bootstrap, Ubuntu, Cloudflare. So, it's not really giving us anything, right? We could also look at like the headers of the web page to see if it has like an X powered by. So, curl- capital I paste this in. And let's see, engine ... | 150.4 | 0 | {
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And then I'll do password 1 2 3 4 register. | 184.72 | 0 | {
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Uh, I didn't give it a username. Let's try this. | 189.92 | 0 | {
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Looks like that worked. I'm going to turn burpuite on. It is on. Let's go here. This send the request. And let's see what our cookie looks like. We just have a session. So, I was hoping it would be like J session ID or something like this, but we can't identify the framework based upon that. We can look at the decoded ... | 196.48 | 0 | {
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Uh we have this white label error page. This looks very much like a spring boot. Um if we go to OXDF's blog, he has created a page that highlights all the 404s. So, I'm going to go Google oxdf44 default pages and then I'm just going to copy this, paste it in, and it shows it as spring boot. So, this page looks very ide... | 234 | 0 | {
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But it is going to be a spring boot web page. And the first thing I like doing always is enumeration. So let's go ahead and um set up a go buster. Right. So I'm going to do a uh go buster directory mode url http fernie.htb word list op seclist. I'm going to change the word list slightly here because normally I use like... | 266.56 | 0 | {
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be critical right um if you didn't want to use this I know a lot of people have been using like nuclei lately it's like a better version of nikto I guess I can say um this may be doing a disservice to nuclei because nikto doesn't really do that much in today's age but if I just ran um nuclei against this so we'll do nu... | 332.32 | 0 | {
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I think it was on Whiz.io. There we go. Actuator misconfigurations. | 382.4 | 0 | {
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This is a good blog post that goes into a lot of various things you can do. So, I'd highly recommend reading this whole thing. But one of the first things they talk about is the exposed heap dump file. And this just has a lot of sensitive information, including passwords. And it still looks like it is running here. I t... | 388.88 | 0 | {
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download and right here we can see there is a critical already that the heap dump is exposed from nuclei right so this is highlighting all the vulnerabilities these are just info but the critical definitely is critical as we'll see um it is downloading this so I'm going to pause the video and let this finish and we'll ... | 442.72 | 0 | {
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I'm not exactly sure why that is highlighting because that is a 404. Um, I was expecting to see like the um entire page, but some of these I guess are um incorrect, right? The actuator itself, I don't think I ever discovered it. You can think of it as like a debug endpoint. It's mainly for developers where they can hit... | 484.4 | 0 | {
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Um I know like they can view all the threads that are running. So there's just a lot of just various things that the actuator provides that is beneficial, right? Let's see what conditions looks like. So if we just do a curl here, uh that is a lot of data. Uh we can see a bunch of stuff that isn't really useful to us, I... | 514.959 | 0 | {
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just do like GP password on this, uh, if we type it correctly, uh, we can see a lot of strings with password. Uh, let's see. Let's go over to less and see if we see anything. Um, slash change password. Looking down, we may want to add like password equals or something because there are still is a lot of lines. | 571.2 | 0 | {
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Um, let's see. Does anything stick out to my eye? | 597.279 | 0 | {
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It isn't right now. Let's try password equals. And there we go. We have one password is equal to Oscar uh pass WD and the user. And this will actually let us SSH into the box. Um but I want to show other ways we can analyze this heap dump because this is not exactly efficient, right? Um the most um verbose way is using... | 602.88 | 0 | {
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Okay, I didn't need to create the directory. I always am in the habit of creating a directory when I unzip things just in case it unzips to like the current working directory and like clobers that entire thing. Now, if I just ran Visual VM right now, it it'll work, but I don't want to do that just because the font is g... | 671.2 | 0 | {
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I think it's visualvm.com. Is that where I did this? | 728.399 | 0 | {
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And I want to say we add it to the end of this. And I'm just going to create a new line. Comment that out so I have it backed up in case I screw this up. Save that. | 736.24 | 0 | {
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And now if we go to bin visual VM. There's probably also a way to change it into dark mode, but I didn't get to that far to look at it. I'm going to do load. | 750.399 | 0 | {
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Let's go. HTB. Uh, where is this box? Eureka. heap dump and let's see. So, the easiest way is to switch over to the OQL and this is going to give us like a SQL like thing. Um, I bet if we did like um Google visual VM OQL heap dump security sensitive strings, we can probably find a blog post. Um yeah, analyzing heap dum... | 761.6 | 0 | {
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And I don't think it finds anything. Let's see. Oh, there is some. But this is just things. Um, maybe this is gonna be the JWT. I don't know. Um, in my cookie I didn't see a JWT. It was just a UU ID. So, I don't think that's going to get too much. If we look at password, let's see. This is going to show us all the stri... | 813.6 | 0 | {
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So you don't really have to do this is kind of a leap. There's other ways you can just explore this memory in order to find the string, but I'm not that good at Java analysis. So um I'll leave that for another day. I just kind of wanted to show this console of being able to search for um passwords, right? So let's clos... | 875.76 | 0 | {
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trust in it. But, um, yeah. So, let's go ahead and move downloads uh, JD dump spider here. We can just do java-jar jd dump spider heap dump. | 932 | 0 | {
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And there we go. So we have the output of this tool and it's going to do its best to highlight everything right. So right now we have the spring source data properties password my SQL um user. So let's go ahead and add some creds uh vcreds.ext username and let's go ahead and grab this password. | 952.639 | 0 | {
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It's looking at web logic configuration ali druid hakari reddis jettis cookies um this origin trackct property source this where it also gives us the eureka server um so we can grab these credentials as well and paste this here and this will be handy later and it is on port 876 61. So, we could try seeing if we can ac... | 980.8 | 0 | {
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We can go Fernie 8761 and see if we can. It wasn't in um or end map, but we didn't do a full port. We just did top 1000 and 8761 probably isn't one of the top ports, right? So, we could do / Eureka. And then it wants credentials. So, let's go ahead and give it credentials. Uh we can save this cat. It makes it easier to... | 1,013.68 | 0 | {
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And then Oscar is the Oscar password is the best. | 1,045.12 | 0 | {
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And no mapping, huh? | 1,051.52 | 0 | {
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I kind of expected something here. Um, there is a second page we can get. Um, I think it's slash app. | 1,058.08 | 0 | {
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No. Uh, maybe we have to be IP 1166. Let's put this password in. | 1,068.799 | 0 | {
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I wonder if it's mapped. So, this port is open externally but only accessible from local host. | 1,082.08 | 0 | {
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Huh. Okay. Um, not exactly sure what's going on there, but we will move on. Right. So, we have another set of credentials. So, I'm going to try Oscar 190 at 1010 1166. | 1,091.6 | 0 | {
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And let's go ahead and copy this password. | 1,110.72 | 0 | {
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And if this doesn't work, then I probably try Eureka here, right? And there we go. We get in. Awesome. The first thing I like doing is just a fine dot and looking at all the files in my home directory. Um, there is a config htop htop rc. Don't know exactly what this is for. Um, I was thinking it was like a um one-time ... | 1,116.32 | 0 | {
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uh we can go to the top and look at it. It is a bash script right? So let's see um we have to give it a file and then outputs log analysis. We have status codes here and right now I'm just looking for some type of vulnerability here. Right? | 1,178.08 | 0 | {
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Analyze login. Um it's grapping for the login file. So that's where we paste it. Let's see. Read line. Echol line. This is in quotes, so I don't think it's um escapable. Everything here looks fine. | 1,197.44 | 0 | {
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Looking at this next one, we have an analyze HTTP status. It's looking at lines. We're grapping for HTTP something status colon and then the log file again. And we don't know what this log file is. But let's see. While we read the line, we're going to get whatever is after status. So, this is probably going to be like ... | 1,217.76 | 0 | {
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Let's do bash eq code injection. | 1,275.919 | 0 | {
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There's probably going to be tons of articles about this, right? | 1,281.12 | 0 | {
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Um, looks like there's a um script called shell check that will probably look for vulnerabilities in bash scripts. I don't think I've ever seen this. | 1,286.72 | 0 | {
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Let's see. Source. Does this have a quick way to run? Looks like it does. | 1,298.08 | 0 | {
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Uh, let's see. They just do dot /shell check cabal 1 md stable version. | 1,305.12 | 0 | {
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I haven't ran this before, but let's try it. Actually, I'm curious. So, we can copy this link and then we're going to fail probably trying to untar this because it is a xz and I don't know how to untar that. Uh, XVF. Does this just work? Hey, looks like it does. Awesome. So, let's go into shell check and I'm going to c... | 1,318.72 | 0 | {
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And this may be a little bit confusing because we can't exploit this right away, but this is kind of the path I went through when I was solving the box. | 1,358 | 0 | {
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So I figured I'd show the path I went instead of just showing all the answers, right? So let's do log analyze.sh. | 1,364 | 0 | {
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Um, paste it in dot /shell check. Put this and let's see. Um, this is unused potentially unnecessary. I don't think it saw the EQs, which is odd. Um we can show this in a test right if I do test.sh SH if one is equal to let's do one like that then echo match probably has to put that in quotes I don't know I don't think... | 1,372.4 | 0 | {
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Uh, we'll do please subscribe. Please subscribe. | 1,449.12 | 0 | {
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And the single quote. That did not work. | 1,456.08 | 0 | {
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I was really thinking it would be that easy to show. Maybe echo just doesn't work and we should touch a file. Um, let's do which touch. I always like using absolute paths when I can just because I never exactly know if the script is going to um have my full directory. So let's do dev shm please subscribe. That seems fi... | 1,467.76 | 0 | {
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Run it. And it does exist. So we have code execution. We just can't um see the results. Right. Um, now the question is, do I have code execution because of the script or is it because I'm injecting um, in my bash prompt. Let's delete this real quick because I see what I did. This is in double quotes, right? So it may b... | 1,494.24 | 0 | {
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Always important to double check your results, right? So now let's put the dollar one here. | 1,560 | 0 | {
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We'll send the same payload. And please be there. It is not. So let's look at the script and see where we messed up. Uh oh, it is a dash eq. I think if you do equals equals um that's going to like treat it as strings. It has to be the arithmetic which would be - eq. And I bet this is the issue, right? Um let's go ahead... | 1,566.799 | 0 | {
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Uh it does not look like it. Echoes in bin. Um, doesn't look like echo works, but we do definitely have code execution when it is - EQ. So, I'm going to double check that the log analyze was EQ. Um, let's go up. Let's see. Display results. Analyze log errors. Yes, it is - EQ. So, awesome. Um, now what we want to do is,... | 1,606.64 | 0 | {
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just lose time if you don't run it because you can't hack time, right? So, let's go here. wget download uh let's go devshm wget http 10 10 10 1148 8000 pace by 64 uh we did not start the server download it smod plus x let's execute and let it download and what I meant about like you can't hack time is um I always like ... | 1,677.76 | 0 | {
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You never know how long that process is going to take. Like if you run ferro buster and it does a recursive scan of all the directories, it may take 30 to 60 minutes. So if you're hammering out a web app, you just keep running into a brick wall, um you'll eventually want to run that ferro buster and then you can't get ... | 1,721.679 | 0 | {
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"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Whereas if you just ran it in the background, you would have got them like view piece by kind of like the same thing. Most hack the box machines do crons at 1 to 2 minutes. So if something's going on, you'll see it there. But um I find if you don't really take the effort to copy piece by to the machine and run it, you'... | 1,739.039 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
But let's just keep going. Let this run. Probably give it another minute. Um and then we'll see. And this is another good example of um can't hack time, right? If we just let this run, the first thing we saw may have been beneficial. There may be more things to see. And if we just now went around and went on this rabbi... | 1,789.679 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
read write or oscar 190. If we do groups we're not a member of that. Even if we were the group is only read. So we're not the dubdubdub data user. We could try to find a way to get to that user. | 1,840.799 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
If this was a PHP, I'd look for like um writable directories in the web so I can just write a PHP shell to escalate, but it's not PHP. Um so let's go ahead and try something else. It's also EngineX. | 1,853.039 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
If it was Apache, I'd probably just drop a PHP script and see if the module's installed to let code execution work anyways. But engine X doesn't by default have an easy way to execute PHP. You normally have to use like a PHP FPM and then point EngineX at that. So the configuration for getting PHP on engine X is a littl... | 1,865.679 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Let's see. We can see the developers group owns the directory and has read write execute over it. So we weren't a member of the developers group. But if we do get ant group uh developers, we can see Miranda wises. So if we can get over to Miranda, we can take over this log file. Then we can poison it with the um HTTP c... | 1,894.159 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Right. So let's go into this var dubdubdub directory. Uh let's go to web. | 1,934.159 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
And this is going to be all the applications that the Java is running. And I'm just going to do a gp for Miranda. Did I spell that right? Let's cat etsy pass wd gp--r miranda. | 1,940.08 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
And we see Miranda Wise is logging in periodically to the user management service. So what we have to do is find a way to get her credentials, right? We're not logging them anywhere in this log file. But if we looked at what each of these applications are, Eureka is a load balancer and we have credentials to Eureka. If... | 1,954.799 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
curl script, I think, to do it. Um, if you go to slash flag, let's see, do they give it? What if an attacker? | 2,012.48 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Yeah, they're sending this big post request. So, they're manually sending a post request to Eureka in order to um add a host to it. But I don't like doing that. I'm just going to create a quick Python script in order to join the Eureka cluster, right? So, you can do it this way with a curl, but I think the cooler way i... | 2,025.84 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
So, let's see. Eureka. | 2,059.359 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Was that the actual cred? SRVR. I'm used to just saying SRV. | 2,064.96 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Um, okay. Maybe I typed that, but I don't think so. That's a hard typo to make. Let's copy this. | 2,072.399 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
And then HTTP 101 1166 Eureka apps. Uh that goes to a moved permanently. | 2,081.04 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
I don't think uh wait, we need 8761. 8761. | 2,092.32 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Okay, that is giving me I don't know what my web browser was doing, but I'm almost positive we checked this right. | 2,099.76 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
But this is going to be the configuration and we have this user management service here and this is going to be where slash login most likely is because it's the user management service. So what we want to do is create a python application to join the user management service um pool. | 2,106.079 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
So to do that, I'm just going to go to chatgpt and ask, can you give me a Python script to join a Eureka load balancing pool called user management service? | 2,126.079 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Let's see. You don't join instead server. Okay, it's telling me I'm slightly wrong in my terminology, but that's fine. And this isn't the type of script I was expecting cuz there is an actual like um Python library. Is there a Eureka client Python library? Because this is essentially doing the same thing I didn't want ... | 2,142.96 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Right. Um there we go. The PI Eureka client. This is more what I wanted. Let's see. | 2,171.44 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Can you give me a full script that does this with flask? | 2,184.16 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
This seems to be good. Um, I want the slash login endpoint. | 2,192.72 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
So hopefully this works easily. It's always hard to include um AI stuff in videos because I never get the same thing every time, right? But we'll play with this and debug it. It shouldn't take too long. Uh let's do make Eureka. We're going in twice. Oh well. Um let's see. We want to do a Python 3-m VM source VM bin act... | 2,204.64 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Let's see. We want 10 10 1161. | 2,263.68 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Log in. And here we're not going to validate any credentials. No matter what, we're going to say invalid credentials and we'll just print data. | 2,272.16 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Okay. Python 3 app.py pip 3 install flask. | 2,290.56 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Run it. All Eureka servers are down because we never put our credentials in. Um, let's see. | 2,299.92 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
I wonder if we can just put the username and password here. | 2,312.079 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Let's try Eureka server. | 2,320.24 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
And what was the credential? | 2,326.72 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Is it like that? I think so. | 2,334.88 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Eureka server is down. | 2,346.48 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Let's just make sure I have the correct credential here. | 2,356 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Let's see. It's 66, not 61. | 2,371.04 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
There we go. So, now we're no longer getting an error message. That is good. | 2,379.04 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
Um, is this where I did my curl, though? Let's copy this so I can put it in the bottom pane. | 2,384.4 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
So now let's look at this. So we're going to go to 10 1014 10 1166. | 2,396.56 | 0 | {
"video_id": "14X4yCgNRVQ",
"title": "HackTheBox - Eureka",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14X4yCgNRVQ"
} |
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