Datasets:
kaizen9
/
base

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
text
stringlengths
144
682k
All for JoomlaAll for Webmasters Ideate Product Design Design Thinking in Innovation As per common belief, the term “design” is associated with a products’ aesthetics appearance. However, in modern times, the main objective of design meant encouraging the well-being in people’s lives. From an organizational perspective, Design Thinking went on to mean ways to resolve problems in more innovative ways. Much of the thought process behind design thinking focuses on challenging norms and assumptions and redefining problems. Why is Design Thinking important? For organizations to succeed, the core competence should always be creativity. And creativity is the right-brain stuff that these businesses are now harnessing to generate their top-line growth. It is not about just math and science anymore; it’s all about imagination, creativity and innovation. Globalization has brought about an air of fierce competition with factors such as an increased supply of price competitive labour, an ever expanding knowledge industry and an increasing amount of outsourcing in both product and services. In such a situation, a traditional business approach is not enough anymore. Market leaders now win by superior creativity and innovation. What does Design Thinking do? An innovation guided by design thinking emphasizes that, in order to innovate, there should be a focus on development of new technologies and on exploring new markets. Design thinkers innovates this thought by equipping products, services or relationships with new meanings. Design Thinking innovates through three distinct stages – Immersion, Ideation and Prototype. The first stage of the Design Thinking is Immersion, where design thinkers approach the context of the problem at hand from not only the organization’s perspective, but also from the point of view of the end user. The main objective of the first phase is to reframe the problem and arrive at a broad understanding of it. This is the second phase which aims at identifying the needs and opportunities that will lead to a probable solution. Innovative ideas are generated at this stage which are aligned to the context of the problem in question. Different kinds of tools and resources are deployed in the process of generating these ideas. In the last stage of Design Thinking, the ideas generated in the previous stage is validated. Prototyping makes the ideas more tangible and measurable. Prototypes can be anything ranging from a conceptual representation to grasping the aspects of the idea, to construct something closer to the final solution. Design thinking can make an influential difference in communication and collaboration and in the overall business model innovation, if applied properly. Do you think your organization is ready for design thinking?
The ABC of Queer: A for Activist Queer activism is one of the two or three most confused concepts in queer culture. On a basic level a queer activist should be someone who is campaigning for the fair and equal treatment of queer people in society (the rebel with a brick against the the big straight person). They should also be promoting the increased visibility and awareness of queer people in society; usually by exemplifying queer lifestyles and modelling queer identities (queer people are everyday people). This seems perfectly laudable. It’s also seems clear that there are many people who identify as queer or queer-variant who still feel oppressed or silenced in society, despite claims for increasing tolerance. The first confusing difficulty stems from the fact that Queer isn’t the same as Lesbian, Homosexual, Asexual, et cetera… Or for that matter Female, Trans*, Male… It’s neither a sexual orientation spectrum nor a gendered orientation spectrum identity, but a socio-political-cultural attitude embraced by certain sexual and gendered minority people to their identities. In that sense, it’s remarkably similar to Gay which is probably why it has such a historical antipathy to it (younger sibling to older). It’s particularly embraced by people who have considerable economic, social and/or educational capital (so the simple rebel against the big man or big woman narrative is a bit problematic). You will often therefore hear such queer activists talking on behalf of queer communities (queers of colour, Irish queers, crip queers, et cetera) where it’s really unclear that they can actually speak for those communities (because it’s moot whether anybody, certainly not everybody, in those communities would define as queer). The second confusing difficulty stems from the fact that queer activism is rarely about exemplifying queer lifestyles and modelling queer identities in themselves. Queer activism grew up as a politicized alternative to mainstream gay culture, critiquing what it saw as its lack of challenge to dominant, orthodox heterosexual norms and behaviors (heteronormativity and homonormativity). In particular, queer activism sought to incorporate insights from feminism, post-colonialism and post-structuralism to reject the sexual and gender orthodoxies of its time. However, over the last 25 years, Queer activism has established its own orthodoxy often acting as ‘purity police’ for sexual and gendered codes of behavior and conduct (see CHARMED CIRCLE). Therefore queer activism in this mode is increasingly about judging others for their specific identities and behavior (so identity is never quotidian and everyday). The irony being that queer activism is now more concerned to attack LGBT identities they feel are unworthy (see WEBER) than heterosexual oppression, often quite viciously – in some situations it becomes difficult to judge whether the queer attack or the heterosexual oppression are more invidious. Concurrent to this has been the development of a repertoire of contentious tools to judge other sexual and gender minority individuals (see CALLING OUT, CHECKING YOUR PRIVILEGE, THE POLITICS OF SNIDE, et cetera). One thought on “The ABC of Queer: A for Activist Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out /  Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Use Asynctask in Android for file download and progress update tips Source: Internet Author: User Tags: str max img IMA live asynctask instance android Async Android provides a tool class: Asynctask, which makes it easier to create long-running tasks that need to interact with the user interface. Asynctask is more lightweight than handler, and is suitable for simple asynchronous processing without the need for threading and handter. Asynctask is an abstract class. Asynctask defines three types of generic type params,progress and result: The params input parameter that initiates the task execution, such as the URL of the HTTP request. Progress the percentage of background task execution. Result background performs the final return of the task, such as String. By using the Asynctask to implement the file download and the progress update prompt to demonstrate the dynamic diagram: This real-time demo download directory for the download folder, first into the download folder, no picture files, download completed, again, you can see the demo download pictures let's start with a brief introduction to Asynctask's execution steps: The implementation of Asynctask is divided into four steps, each of which corresponds to a callback method, what we need is to implement these methods. (1) First define a class inheritance Asynctask (2) Implement one or more of the following methods as defined in Asynctask The four step methods are: (1) OnPreExecute (): Called by Uithread, this method is used to do some preparatory work, such as displaying a progress bar on the interface. (2) Dolnbackground (Params ...) : Executes after OnPreExecute and runs in the background thread. Take responsibility for time-consuming work. You can call the Publishprogress method to update the real-time task progress. (3) onprogressupdate (Progress ... ): After the Publishprogress method is called, Uithread will invoke the method to show the progress of the task on the interface, for example, by showing it through a progress bar. (4) OnPostExecute (Result): After Dolnbackground execution completes, the OnPostExecute method is called by Uithread, and the results of the background calculation are passed to Uithread through this method. example of an effect implementation code: The first step: layout file of activity Activity_main.xml 1<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "Utf-8"?>2<LinearLayout3Xmlns:android= "Http://"4Xmlns:tools= "Http://"5Android:id= "@+id/activity_main"6Android:layout_width= "Match_parent"7android:layout_height= "Match_parent"8android:orientation= "Vertical"9tools:context= "Com.example.administrator.asynctask.MainActivity" >Ten<TextView OneAndroid:id= "@+id/tv" AAndroid:layout_width= "Match_parent" -android:layout_height= "Wrap_content" -android:text= "panhouye!" theAndroid:textsize= "20sp"/> -<ProgressBar -Android:id= "@+id/progress" -Android:layout_width= "Match_parent" +android:layout_height= "Wrap_content" -style= "@style/base.widget.appcompat.progressbar.horizontal" +android:visibility= "Visible"/> A<Button atAndroid:layout_width= "Match_parent" -android:layout_height= "Wrap_content" -android:onclick= "Image" -android:text= "Download Picture"/> -</LinearLayout> Step Two: Java implementation code file 1 ImportAndroid.os.AsyncTask;2 Importandroid.os.Environment;3;4 ImportAndroid.os.Bundle;5 ImportAndroid.view.View;6 ImportAndroid.widget.ProgressBar;7 ImportAndroid.widget.TextView;8;9;Ten; One; A; -; - /** the * Created by Panchengjia on 2016/12/19. - */ - Public classMainactivityextendsappcompatactivity { - //declaring the update flag for publishprogress + Private Static Final intProgress_max = 0x1; - Private Static Final intUPDATE = 0X2; + PrivateTextView TV; A ProgressBar progress; at intContentlen;//declare the total length of files to download - @Override - protected voidonCreate (Bundle savedinstancestate) { - Super. OnCreate (savedinstancestate); - Setcontentview (r.layout.activity_main); -TV =(TextView) Findviewbyid (; inProgress =(ProgressBar) Findviewbyid (; - } to Public voidimage (view view) { + //enable Asynctask, incoming content to be executed (picture address) - NewDownLoad (). Execute ("Http://"); the } * classDownLoadextendsAsynctask<string,integer,string>{ $ //called by the UI thread before performing the actual background operationPanax Notoginseng @Override - protected voidOnPreExecute () { the Super. OnPreExecute (); + //prepare for initial progress before downloading AProgress.setprogress (0); the } + //in OnPreExecute execution, the method runs in the background thread - @Override $ protectedstring Doinbackground (String ... params) { $ Try { -URL url =NewURL (params[0]); - //Get Connections theHttpURLConnection connection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openconnection (); - //get the size of the download fileWuyiContentlen =connection.getcontentlength (); the //set the maximum progress bar based on the download file size (use tags to differentiate real-time progress updates) - publishprogress (Progress_max,contentlen); Wu //cyclic download (side read side deposit) -Bufferedinputstream bis =NewBufferedinputstream (Connection.getinputstream ()); AboutBufferedoutputstream BOS =NewBufferedoutputstream (NewFileOutputStream (New $File (Environment.getexternalstoragedirectory () + "/download/ss.jpg"))); - intLen =-1; - byte[] bytes =New byte[1024]; - while(( (bytes))!=-1){ ABos.write (bytes,0, Len); + Bos.flush (); the //update download progress in real-time (use tags to distinguish maximum values) - publishprogress (Update,len); $ //Demo Download the picture is too small, the speed is too fast, sleep 300 milliseconds, convenient for everyone to observe theThread.Sleep (300); the } the bos.close (); the bis.close (); -}Catch(Exception e) { in e.printstacktrace (); the } the return"Download Complete"; About } the //after Publishprogress is called, the UI thread calls this method the @Override the protected voidonprogressupdate (Integer ... values) { + Super. Onprogressupdate (values); - Switch(values[0]){ the CaseProgress_max:BayiProgress.setmax (values[1]); the Break; the CaseUPDATE: -Progress.incrementprogressby (values[1]); - //get the download progress percentage and update TextView the intI= (Progress.getprogress () *100)/Contentlen; theTv.settext ("Download progress is:" +i+ "%"); the Break; the } - } the //The UI thread executes after the Doinbackground method finishes executing the @Override the protected voidOnPostExecute (String s) {94 Super. OnPostExecute (s); the progress.setvisibility (view.gone); the Tv.settext (s); the }98 } About} Finally, emphasize the Asynctask design guidelines: (1) An instance of Asynctask must be created in Ulthread. (2) The Execute method must be called in Ulthread. (3) Do not manually call OnPreExecute (), OnPostExecute (Result), Dolnbackground (Params ...), Onprogressupdate (Progress ...) These several methods. (4) The task can only be executed once, otherwise an exception will occur when multiple calls are made. (5) Asynctask can not completely replace threads, in some logic is more complex or need to be repeated in the background of the logic may need to implement the thread. Use Asynctask in Android for file download and progress update tips Related Article Contact Us Tags Index:
Computer programs consist of data and instructions. Data are pieces of information, stored in a particular format. Each programming language has a set of 'types' to which each item of data corresponds. In Javascript, data can be of the following types Functions are data too. This exposes a little bit of one of the most powerful ideas in computer programming - that programs are data too. This is what enables a style of programming called 'functional programming'. We say 'functions are first class citizens'. We can assign functions to variables let a = () => { console.log("hi") } Objects are very important in Javascript. Objects literals are wrapped in curly braces. Objects consist of "key-value pairs", also called "hash tables" or "hash maps" This just means that they are a list of pairs of items. In each pair there's a "key", which must be unique within the object and doesn't change. The key is used by other parts of the program to access the other part of the pair, which is the "value". The value in each key-value pair of an object can itself be any type of data, including a function or another object. These simple properties make Javascript objects a powerful tool for expressing data structures and "methods" (sets of instructions) to go along with them. Javascript Objects are the basis for JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) which is now used quite widely for exchanging data between systems. It is very common for web services, and even databases, to return JSON. You should always edit JSON in a text editor that shows bracket matching :)
back to Emotions and Your Body How Emotions Cause Pain and Disease Emotions are simply a form of energy that runs through your body like an electrical current.  Each emotion has its own measurable energy frequency.  This chart maps your emotions from lowest frequencies to highest ...   Basic instinctive emotions such as anger and fear resonate in the same frequency range as the color red.  Anger and fear are part of your survival mechanisms.  Your tailbone/genital area, or root chakra resonates at this frequency Unconditional love resonates at the same frequency as ultra-violet light.  It is the highest visible frequency.  Your Thymus (located just below your throat) resonates at this frequency.  Still higher than unconditional love in frequency are the emotions of faith, gratitude, and joy.  They resonate in your pituitary area within your head.  Your pituitary is thought to be a conduit to universal energies Emotions in the range below the neutral line on the chart above are 'negative' emotions.  These emotions flow FROM you into the world.  In short bursts, these emotions can prompt you to take action to get your needs met.  But, over a long time, neuro-peptides prompted by these negative emotions can cause health issues, as well as impact your relationships and daily life Emotions in the upper frequencies are beneficial for your health and your well-being.  They flow THROUGH you, which means they are beneficial both for you, and the world around you THE PHYSICAL RESULT  As the electrical current of an emotion travels along your neural pathways, it triggers a release of chemical proteins called neuro-peptides (NPs).  Each emotion has its own individual frequency.  In response to each specific emotional frequency, your body releases corresponding NP's   NP's communicate chemical messages throughout your body, creating physiological responses.  Adrenaline, hormones, oxytocin, endorphins--these are all examples of NPs.  Each neuro-peptide creates such specific biological responses, that physical symptoms can actually pinpoint what's really happening in your unconscious mind!   For instance, happiness, joy, laughter, and orgasms cause the release of natural opiates called endorphins.  These powerful opiates make you feel good.  They boost your immune system, relax muscles, elevate your mood, and dampen pain Adrenaline and cortisol are triggered by fear, anxiety or stress.  They cause your heart to beat faster, and blood vessels to dilate, making your skin flush.  Rapid, shallow breathing ensues.  Muscles tighten, especially around the stomach and shoulder area.  A slight sweat may break out   The purpose of adrenaline is to place your body in a high-alert rapid-response fight-or-flight state.  In emergencies, this is beneficial, as it aids escape.  But, over a long period, adrenaline can be very damaging to your body.  It suppresses your immune system, impairs digestion, uses up vital vitamins and minerals, causes pain and stiffness, makes your body acidic resulting in inflammation or body odor, and drains vitality   And, as with many NP's, adrenaline is highly addictive.  Your body becomes accustomed to over-stimulation over time, and eventually needs it to maintain higher energy levels. Those who have experienced extended periods of adrenal overload, especially from childhood, such as those who grew up in homes with an achoholic or critical parent, or those who experienced physical or verbal abuse, will often unconsciously attract dramas or crises in their lives to feed their adrenaline dependance.  Or, you may crave sugar, junk foods, or foods to which you are allergic, as these also stimulate the adrenal gland Studies have shown that negative emotions actually weaken your body, while positive emotions strengthen your body.  Shame has the most devastating effect, followed by guilt, apathy, grief, fear, anxiety, craving, anger and hate.  Learn more about the effect of your feelings in our Guide to Your Emotions ...   We can actually pinpoint your unconscious emotional states by the physical symptoms they manifest!  That's because the language of your body is symptoms!  It's how your body yells at you when you haven't been listening to how you feel!  See which hidden emotional state your physical symptoms are revealing ...   Since your body/mind/spirit are all connected, negative emotions also reflect in your face and change the appearance of eyes, expression, skin texture, color and tension.  See images before and after taking our flower essences ...    So, negative emotions really DO cause disease, illness and pre-mature aging!   Powerful emotions such as pain, fear, grief, disappointment, panic, anxiety, anger, and longing, shock your body like an electrical charge, causing lesions along your neural pathways.  This disrupts your body's natural energy flow.  (RESTORE is our flower essence remedy for PTSD and other severe emotional traumas!)   According to Dr David Suzuki, condensed molecules from breath exhaled from verbal expressions of anger, hatred, and jealousy, contain toxins.  Accumulated over 1 hr, these toxins are enough to kill 80 guinea pigs!  Anger damages the liver and gall bladder.  Anger toward another person is like taking poison and expecting someone else to die! It doesn't help to hold back or deny your emotions.  The very nature of energy is movement.  When you repress or control your feelings, their energy can't flow outward properly and dissipate naturally.  You may think you have controlled how you felt, but the energy of it is still at work in your body Suppressing emotions uses up a lot of energy, which robs your body of energy that should be used for vital functions.  Negative emotions tax your spleen, liver and adrenal glands and use up nutrients the body needs to sustain itself.  The result is fatigue, auto-immune disorders, and lowered vitality.  Learn more about emotions and how they can harm you ...   Energy has to move.  If an emotion isn't expressed (outward movement), it is suppressed (inward movement).  The result of controlling or stifling emotional energy is frustration, anger, depression, physical pain, control issues, emotional 'shut-down', or self-sabotage.  Self-judgment, low self-esteem and unworthiness begin to develop.  Chronic pain in the form of arthritis, bursitis, joint pain, or back pain sets in.    This inhibits your ability to create or receive what you really want in life.  You learn to expect little joy in your life and settle for less than your soul needs to flourish  We can help you effortlessly neutralize those negative memories and feelings ... Discover how   Read on to discover what your physical symptoms are telling you ...  continue ...    Follow us! Subscribe to our newsletter  Enlightened Feelings located in beautiful Long Point Beach, Norfolk County Ontario
Cough and colds are infections of the upper respiratory tract, which is usually dealt at home prior to contacting a health care practitioner. Cough is usually caused by clearing the throat, viruses, smoking, asthma, certain medications like angiotensin-coverting enzyme inhibitors, and other conditions like heart failure and pulmonary embolism. Meanwhile, colds is caused by viruses, such as the rhinovirus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus. Medications, both over-the-counter and prescribed, can help deal with cough and colds. But for being natural and economic, the following recipes can also be prepared at home as remedies for cough and colds. Saline spray, also known as salt-water rinse, is one of the management of nasal congestion. According to Web MD, one would need three teaspoons of iodide-free salt, a teaspoon of baking soda, and eight ounces of either lukewarm boiled water or distilled water. To prepare, the iodide-free salt and baking soda are mixed and is placed in an air tight container. Then, a teaspoon of the resulting mixture is added to the water. In applying the solution, a bulb syringe is filled with the mixture. The person leans his head over a basin and mildly squirts the salt water into the nose. A good practice is to apply pressure using your finger to close one nostril while spraying the solution to the other nostril. The same procedure is done with the other nostril. After that, it is allowed to drain. It is also vital to utilize sterile, distilled, or cooled boiled water in making the solution to prevent infection. The bulb syringe is also rinsed and is left open to air dry. Ginger tea is another agent a person can prepare to combat cough and colds. According to India Times, the tea can help in dealing the symptoms by drying up runny nose and help expel secretions from the respiratory tract. In addition, ginger has the power to soothe a common cold, making the person bear with it and make the recovery process faster. In fact, ginger tea is not only a treatment for cough and colds, as it also helps deal with stomach aches and digestion problems. According to Vegetarian, the ingredients in making ginger tea are four to six slices of raw ginger (or more, depending on one’s preference), one and a half to two cups of water, lime juice, and one to two tablespoon honey or agave nectar. To prepare, the ginger is peeled and sliced thinly to maximize its surface area and boost the ginger flavor of the team. Then, the slices are boiled for at least ten minutes to 20 minutes or more, if one prefers a stronger and tangier flavored tea. More more ginger-y taste, one can add more ginger. After the allocated time for boiling, the boiled ginger is removed from heat and lime juice and honey are added to taste. Turmeric is one of the tropical preparation choices when it comes to fighting cough and colds. According to Shape, turmeric has anti-inflammatory properties and it also has the power to detoxify the liver. The ingredients for a turmeric smoothie include 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of ground turmeric, a tablespoon of fresh ginger, juice of 1/2 lemon, a cup of mango, two cups of pineapple, two cups of coconut milk, and two cups of kale, as per Simple Green Smoothies. To prepare, the coconut milk and kale are blended until smooth. Then, the remaining ingredients are added and blended until smooth. Along with the aforementioned recipes as cough and cold remedies, one should not hesitate in seeking medical advice if the symptoms go unresolved for several days.
Python-Design-Patterns strategy Table of Contents 1. strategy Model 2. Python-Design-Patterns strategy 3. strategy Test strategy Model Python-Design-Patterns strategy #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- *What is this pattern about? This pattern aims to encapsulate each algorithm and allow them to be interchangeable. Separating algorithms allows the client to scale with larger and more complex algorithms, since the client and the strategies are kept independent of each other. Having the algorithms as an integral part of the client can cause the client to be larger and harder to maintain. This is more evident when supporting multiple algorithms. The separation of client and algorithm allows us to easily replace and vary the algorithm. *What does this example do? Below the 'StrategyExample' is an example of the client while the two functions; 'execute_replacement1' and 'execute_replacement2' are examples of the implementation or strategy. In the example we can see that the client can vary it's 'execute' method by changing the strategy which is responsible for implementation. In most of other languages Strategy pattern is implemented via creating some base strategy interface/abstract class and subclassing it with a number of concrete strategies (as we can see at, however Python supports higher-order functions and allows us to have only one class and inject functions into it's instances, as shown in this example. Enables selecting an algorithm at runtime. import types class StrategyExample: def __init__(self, func=None): = 'Strategy Example 0' if func is not None: self.execute = types.MethodType(func, self) def execute(self): def execute_replacement1(self): print( + ' from execute 1') def execute_replacement2(self): print( + ' from execute 2') if __name__ == '__main__': strat0 = StrategyExample() strat1 = StrategyExample(execute_replacement1) = 'Strategy Example 1' strat2 = StrategyExample(execute_replacement2) = 'Strategy Example 2' ### OUTPUT ### # Strategy Example 0 # Strategy Example 1 from execute 1 # Strategy Example 2 from execute 2 strategy Test #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os import subprocess import unittest class StrategyTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_print_output(self): Verifies the print output when is executed. The expected_output is equivalent to the output on the command line when running 'python'. output = subprocess.check_output(["python", "behavioral/"]) expected_output = os.linesep.join( ['Strategy Example 0', 'Strategy Example 1 from execute 1', 'Strategy Example 2 from execute 2', ''] # byte representation required due to EOF returned subprocess expected_output_as_bytes = expected_output.encode(encoding='UTF-8') self.assertEqual(output, expected_output_as_bytes)
Video: Teeth Video: Teeth Teeth break food down into pieces, making it easy to swallow. Many vertebrate animals have teeth. Parts of a tooth Most types of teeth have three main parts: a crown, a neck, and a root. Crown – this is the part above the gum. It’s covered with a very hard and often shiny layer of enamel, which protects the inside of the tooth. The soft pulp inside the crown contains nerve endings and the tooth’s blood supply. The rest of the tooth is a tough substance called dentine. Neck – this holds the tooth in place in the jaw bones. Roots contain nerves and blood vessels. A tooth can have one, two or three roots. Types of teeth The types of teeth an animal has depends on the food it eats. Lions are hunters and meat-eaters, so have sharp teeth for killing and eating their food. Sheep just eat plants. So have flat teeth for grinding. People can eat both meat and plants. So they have some teeth that are sharp and others that are flat. Each type of tooth has a different name: • Molars are broad, square teeth with points and grooves that help animals to chew and grind food. • Premolars are thin, square teeth with two points. Animals use them to mash and grind food. • Canines are long, cone-shaped teeth with a sharp point that helps animals to pierce and tear meat. • Incisors are flat-topped, small, front teeth that help animals to cut food or scrape meat from bones. Sets of teeth A set of teeth is all the teeth an animal is using in its mouth. Many animals grow new teeth to replace ones that fall out and some replace whole sets. Most mammals, like humans, have two sets of teeth during their lives. Young mammals have baby teeth but, as the animals grow their baby teeth gradually fall out and are replaced by bigger, stronger adult teeth. • A newborn horse’s front baby teeth • A 15-years-old horse’s front adult teeth Most sharks have a lot of rows of teeth. A shark’s tooth doesn’t have roots, so breaks off easily usually lasting for about a week before it falls out. They, the tooth behind it moves up to replace it. Sharks keep replacing it. Shark keep replacing their teeth all their lives. Plaque is a sticky covering that forms over teeth. It is made when bacteria in an animal’s mouth feed off sugary foods stuck to teeth. This makes an acid which dissolves teeth and damages gums, causing tooth decay and gum disease. Tooth decay 1. Acid makes a hole in the tooth’s enamel. 2. If the hole reaches the nerves, the tooth hurts. 3. Decay and infection can rot the whole tooth. Gum disease 1. Plaque builds up between the teeth. 2. The gum becomes infected. It bleeds. 3. The gum shrinks and the teeth fall out. Dental hygiene Dental hygiene means keeping teeth healthy. Wild animals scrape plaque off their teeth when they tear at their food. But people need to brush their teeth using a toothpaste that strengthens enamel and repairs damage caused by plaque. Copyright © 2017 All rights reserved
Baroque and Beyond C. 1600–1850 Baroque Italy and France What is The Calling of Saint Matthew? The Calling of Saint Matthew (c. 1599–1600) is a highly naturalistic baroque painting by Caravaggio, one of his most famous and enigmatic. The painting depicts a dark and dingy bar within which a group of young men sit around a table counting money. Suddenly, a beam of light pierces the darkness from the right. A figure of Christ appears, His hand raised much like Adam from Michelangelo’s The Creation of Adam fresco in the Sistine Chapel. Christ points to Levi, the tax collector, whose face is covered in divine light. Levi is surprised at this and seems to question Christ with a gesture that indicates, “Who, me?” Christ is calling Levi (who will become Saint Matthew) to a life of faith rather than sin. Like other work by Caravaggio, The Calling of Saint Matthew was shocking (and popular) for its realism and for its juxtaposition of Roman street life with divine, holy figures. (One does not usually see Christ walk into a bar, for example.) The painting is a good example of Caravaggio’s use of tenebrism, an exaggerated form of chiaroscuro with sharp contrasts of dark and light. Caravaggio’s style of tenebrism was hugely popular during the baroque period, and was used by artists from Rembrandt to Zurbaran. The Calling of Saint Matthew focuses on a familiar theme for Caravaggio, that of the redemption of even the most sinful souls. The baroque artist Caravaggio used the elements of everyday life in Rome to give his religious scenes potency during the Counter-Reformation. In The Calling of St. Matthew (1599–1602), Christ enters a dimly lit space with his hand outstretched in a manner similar to Adam in Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam fresco from the Sistine Chapel.
What is Argentine Tango? Argentine Tango consists of a variety of styles that developed in different regions and eras, and in response to the crowding of the venue and even the fashions in clothing. Even though they all developed in Argentina and Uruguay, they were also exposed to influences reimported from Europe and North America. Consequently there is a good deal of confusion and overlap between the styles as they are now danced - and fusions continue to evolve. In sharp contrast to ballroom tango, Argentine Tango relies heavily on improvisation, and in theory, every tango is improvised. Although there are many steps and sequences of steps that a tango dancer learns, every dancer is free to modify them. Argentine Tango is danced counterclockwise around the outside of the dance floor (the so-called "line of dance"); cutting across the middle of the floor is frowned on. It can be acceptable to stop briefly in the line of dance to perform stationary figures, as long as the other dancers are not unduly impeded. (There is a saying about this: "If you look down the line of dance and there is space for you -- you are probably keeping everyone else waiting behind you.") Dancers are expected to respect the other couples on the floor; colliding with, or stepping on the feet of another couple is to be strenuously avoided. There are two sides to this: on one hand it is bad etiquette towards the other dancers (and shows your "incompetence" from a strict honor based judgment) - but even more so the leader wants to protect his lady and give her a most memorable time while dancing with him, any collision would just disturb that. Differences from Ballroom Tango Argentine Tango is danced in a relatively close embrace, with many dancers choosing to remain in chest-to-chest (and sometimes head-to-head) contact, whereas the feet are apart. The couple therefore looks like a "V" on the reverse. The walk is one of the most important elements, and dancers prefer to keep their feet in close contact with the floor at nearly all times, the ankles and knees brushing as one leg passes the other. A striking difference between Argentine tango and ballroom tango is that the follower remains upright on her axis, or may even lean toward the leader (and in a close embrace dances "chest-to-chest" with the leader). In ballroom tango this posture is unheard of. In fact, in ballroom tango the follower shyly pulls her upper body away from the leader whenever he draws her toward him. But ballroom tango dancers dance close, too, only in a different way. In ballroom tango, experienced followers are not shy about thrusting their hips and upper thighs toward the leader. Another interesting difference is that in Argentine tango, the leader may freely step with his left foot when the follower steps with her left foot. In English, this is sometimes referred to as a "crossed" or "uneven" walk or a "crossed system." In ballroom tango this is unheard of and considered incorrect (unless the leader and follower are facing the same direction). A third difference is that Argentine tango music is much more varied than ballroom tango music, allowing Argentine tango dancers to spend the whole night dancing only Argentine tango. There is a great variety of music. Tne tango orchestra of Francisco Canaro alone produced more than 4000 titles. Unlike the social version of ballroom tango which has been standardized and thus been relatively fixed in style for many decades, Argentine tango is a constantly evolving dance (even on the social dance level) and musical form, with continual innovation in Argentina and in major tango centers elsewhere in the world. These innovations may offend some traditionalists (there are quite many discussions about what still can be considered tango), but they make sure that it remains a relevant to contemporary culture and society. Some teachers trained in the ballroom style are now trying to standardize Argentine tango and even use ballroom terms like Gold, Silver, and Bronze when describing their course of study. This attempt at standardization is offensive to those who value the evolving nature of Argentine tango. So on one hand the traditionalists are offended that Argentine tango is evolving while others are offended that others are trying to standardize it. While Argentine tango does not teach amalgamations of steps like swing, salsa, or ballroom dances do, there are some recurring figures that are taught. Here is a fairly typical order of steps that may be taught in a beginner to intermediate class. • Walks - a couple, in embrace, walks in unison • Cruzada - follower crosses her legs during a walk • Lapiz - "the pencil" - figures traced by the toe as an adornment • Salida Cruzada, or "eight-step basic" - salida as "the way out" onto the dance floor • Ocho - a figure-8 traced by the follower's feet. There are front and back ochos. • Molinete - "pinwheel" a spinning figure from the follower's grapevining around the leader • Giro - a left-hand turn. sometimes refers to the leader's part of the molinete. • Sacada - the lead "blocks" the follower's leg to force a transfer of weight • Gancho - one dancer hooks their leg around their partner's leg Related Dances Argentine Tango dancers usually enjoy two other related dances: Vals (waltz) and Milonga. Tango dancers dance the Vals much like they do tango only with a waltz rhythm that has one beat per measure. This produces a rather relaxed, smooth flowing dancing style in contrast to Viennese Waltz where the dancers often take 3 steps per measure and turn almost constantly. Milonga is a fast dance with steps similar to tango, but somewhat simplified because of the constant movement of the feet and lack of pauses as in Argentine tango. Although Milonga uses the same basic elements as Tango, it is much nearer to the African roots, especially in that it requires a greater relaxation of legs and body. Movement is normally faster, and pauses are not made; as the beat goes on, dancers continue setting their feet. It is rather a kind of rhythmic walking without complicated figures, with a much more "rustic" style than Tango. Milonga is also the name given to tango dance parties. This double meaning of the word milonga can be confusing unless one knows the context in which the word "milonga" is used. People who dance at milongas are known as milongueros.
Order now Active Filter Design Techniques Active Filter Design Techniques 1. Refer to Chapter 6 in the text as needed. 2. Using the Fast, Practical Filter Design technique presented in section 6.3 design the following.  Be sure to show all work for full credit. 1. Low-Pass Filter with critical frequency = 10kHz. 2. High-Pass Filter with critical frequency = 10kHz. 3. Narrow-Bandpass Filter with critical a band of 100kHz 1. Create a MultiSIM schematic of each of your designs.  Provide a screenshot. 2. Perform a simulation of each design to demonstrate the filter behavior.  Take a screenshot. 3. From your simulation and screenshot in the above step, what is the gain in dB at the critical frequency for the low-pass filter and the high-pass filter?  What is the bandpass of the bandpass filter, and how did you determine it? 4. If you were to implement your high-pass filter in hardware, what considerations would you need to take into consideration?  How would these considerations impact the performance and the extent to which you would meet specifications?  Be specific!  Provide specific examples of the issues you would encounter based on your specific initial design and actions you would need to take to finalize your design.  Is there anything you would have done differently to create your initial design in step 2 above if you had thought about an implementation in hardware from the beginning? 5. Include all your calculations and screenshots in a Word Document with the title: “HW2_StudentID”, with your student id substituted in the file name.  Show all work for full credit. 6. Upload file “HW2_StudentID” Type of paper Academic level Subject area Number of pages Paper urgency Cost per page:
Clean, Drain, Dry For most aquatic invasive species, humans are the primary vector of transport from one waterbody to another. Many of these nuisance plants and animals can be unknowingly carried on fishing gear, boating equipment, or in very small amounts of water in a watercraft. The easiest and most effective means to ensure that you are not moving aquatic invasives is to make sure that your vessel, as well as all your gear, is clean, drained, and dry. Before moving boats between waterbodies: • CLEAN off any mud, plants, and animals from boat, trailer, motor and other equipment. Discard removed material in a trash receptacle or on high, dry ground where there is no danger of them washing into any water body. • DRAIN all water from boat, boat engine, and other equipment away from the water. • DRY anything that comes into contact with the water.  Drying boat, trailer, and equipment in the sun for at least five days is recommended. If this is not possible, then rinse your boat, trailer parts, and other equipment with hot, high-pressure water. Learn more at Protect Your Waters! Washing a watercraft after use can help prevent the spread of aquatic invasives When available, a high-pressure hot-water wash unit can be an effective tool in preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species.
Tipitaka, aka: Tripiṭaka, Tripitaka, Tipiṭaka, Tri-pitaka; 8 Definition(s) In Buddhism Theravada (major branch of Buddhism) [Tipitaka in Theravada glossaries] The Buddhist (Pali) Canon. Literally, "three baskets," in reference to the three principal divisions of the Canon: the Vinaya Pitaka (disciplinary rules); Sutta Pitaka (discourses); and Abhidhamma Pitaka (abstract philosophical treatises).(Source): Access to Insight: A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms N (Basket (pitaka); three (ti)). The three baskets. Set of pali canonical texts grouping together that which Buddha has taught and the atthakathas (authoritative commentaries). As indicated by the literal definition of the term, the tipitaka is divided between three parts: the vinaya; the suttantas; the abhidhamma. It does correspond with: The conduct; the stories (often of a metaphoric nature and explaining the practice at all levels); the theory (metaphysical section of Buddhas teaching were is expounded in details all that which does constitue reality). (Source): Dhamma Dana: Pali English Glossary The three Piiaka, or Tipitaka, are the three divisions of the teachings, namely: the Vinaya, Suttanta and Abhidhamma. (Source): Buddhist Information: A Survey of Paramattha Dhammas context information Discover the meaning of tipitaka or tripitaka in the context of Theravada from relevant books on Exotic India General definition (in Buddhism) [Tipitaka in Buddhism glossaries] Tripitaka in Sanskrit, Tipitaka in Pali. The three parts of Pali canon, consisting of: 1. Sutra Pitika (Sanskrit) or Sutta Pitaka (Pali), or the Sutra Basket - containing the entire , the sermons attributed to the Shakyamuni Buddha. 2. Vinaya Pitika (both Sanskrit and Pali), or the Ordinance Basket - containing the rules of monastic life. 3. Abhidharma Pitika (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pali), or Shastras, or the Treatise Basket - containing the doctrinal commentaries, philosophical and technical works, such as discourses, discussions, or treatises on the dogma, doctrines, etc. (Source): Buddhist Door: Glossary Literally hree baskets - the colections of the Buddhist scriptures, classified according to Sutta (Discourses), Vinaya (Discipline or Training) and Abhidhamma (Meta physics) (Source): Amaravati: Glossary Tripitaka (Tripitaka) Skt. (Pali, Tipitaka), lit., “Three Baskets”; canon of Buddhist scriptures, consisting of three parts: the Vinaya-Pitaka, the Sūtra-pitaka, and the Abhidharma-pitaka. The first “basket” contains accounts of the origins of the Buddhist sangha as well as the rules of discipline regulating the lives of monks and nuns. The second is composed of discourses said to have come from the mouth of Buddha or his immediate disciples and is arranged into five “collections”: Dīgha-nikāya, Majjhima-nikāya, Samyutta-nikāya, Anguttara-nikāya, Khuddaka-nikāya. The third part is a compendium of Buddhist psychology and philosophy. The Vinaya-Pitaka contains some of the oldest parts of the canon, which originated in the first decades after the death of the Buddha. After the split into individual schools, the Abhidharma-pitaka, which differs from school to school, was added. (Source): Shambala Publications: General 1. Sutras: These are mainly teachings and sermons of Buddha originally transcribed in Sanskrit or Pali. They may contain descriptions of Buddha and parables which may help lead to enlightenment of the reader. 2. Abhidharma: Philosophical and psychological discourse and interpretation of Buddhist doctrine. 3. Vinaya: Rules and regulation of monastic life that range from dress code and dietary rules to prohibition in personal conduct. (Source): WikiPedia: Buddhism Languages of India and abroad Pali-English dictionary [Tipitaka in Pali glossaries] tipiṭaka : (nt.) the 3 divisions of the Buddhist Canon. (Source): BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary Pali book cover context information Discover the meaning of tipitaka or tripitaka in the context of Pali from relevant books on Exotic India Relevant definitions Search found 530 related definition(s) that might help you understand this better. Below you will find the 15 most relevant articles: Trivikrama (त्रिविक्रम) refers to one of the various Vibhava manifestations according to the Īś... Tripurā (त्रिपुरा) is one of the epithets of Durgā, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter ... Triśūla (त्रिशूल).—A weapon of Śiva with the Vaiṣṇava tejas (brilliance of Viṣṇu) obtained by c... Trikūṭa (त्रिकूट) is the name of a mountain as described in the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 46. A... Tryambaka (त्र्यम्बक).—One of the Ekādaśa Rudras (eleven Rudras). See under Ekādaśarudra). Trilocana (त्रिलोचन).—epithets of Śiva; R.3. 66; Ku.3.66;5.72. Derivable forms: trilocanaḥ (त्र... Trimūrti (त्रिमूर्ति) or simply Tri refers to one of the ten forms (mūrti) of Śiva mentioned in... Trikaṭu (त्रिकटु).—dry ginger, black pepper and long pepper taken together as a drug; शिरामोक्ष... Trigartā (त्रिगर्ता) is the name of an ancient city, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter... Triveṇī (त्रिवेणी) of Śāṇḍilyagotra is the mother of Kṛṣṇāvadhūta (1835-1909 C.E.), the au... Tṛṇa (तृण).—[tṛh-nak halopaśca Uṇ.5.8]1) Grass in general; किं जीर्णं तृणमत्ति मानमहतामग्रेसरः ... Trinetra (त्रिनेत्र).—A minister of Mahiṣāsura. The cabinet of Mahiṣāsura was extremely strong ... Triśikhā (त्रिशिखा) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.90) and represents one o... Trikala (त्रिकल) is the name of a deity who received the Kāmikāgama from Praṇava through the ma... Tridoṣa (त्रिदोष).—vitiation or derangement of the three humours of the body, i. e. वात, पित्त ... Relevant text
Take charge of your health. Sign up for HealthyWomen newsletters: heart health Find out more about: The Rise and Fall of Baby Aspirin The Rise and Fall of Baby Aspirin By Marie Savard, MD Share on: The Amazing Story of Aspirin Aspirin has a long history of fame dating back to its discovery from willow bark in the days of the ancient Egyptians. Hippocrates, the Greek physician, later considered it a miracle drug to treat pain from inflammation and fever. People didn't need research studies or clinical trials to tell them that it worked. It worked to relieve pain and fever pretty much for anyone who took it.  Fast forward to the 1700s when the active ingredient, salicylic acid, was identified. A useful synthetic form called acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was developed by a chemist at Bayer laboratory in Germany. Physicians mixed the white powder to give to their patients.  They used the apothecary scale to measure the "right" amount of aspirin powder. Aspirin was first available over the counter to the public in the form of a pill during World War I. Today we have Bayer aspirin and many generic versions in low and regular strength (81 mg and 325 mg tablets are most common in the U.S.). Too Many Medications? Weighing the Risks If you are taking aspirin, make sure your health care professional knows. Check your list of medications from your medical record to see if the daily aspirin you take is listed. Because it is an over-the-counter medication rather than a prescription medication, your physician may not know you are taking it and therefore the medical record won't include it. If you are taking aspirin, your health care professional may note it with the widely used abbreviation for aspirin, ASA. Without clinical trials in the past, no one knew how much aspirin to take. Large doses of aspirin often led to nausea, vomiting and sometimes coma.  So, using aspirin was a double-edged sword. Small amounts worked well; much larger amounts not so well. And so it is with many medications we take.  I couldn't find the date for when aspirin was first observed to cause bruising and bleeding, common effects from aspirin even after small doses. I bet it was discovered in the elderly. Dark purple bruises can appear even without trauma on the thinner skin of older people taking aspirin.  After World War II, a California physician fortuitously observed that aspirin helped reduce the risk of heart attacks. Aspirin began its widespread popularity more for preventing heart and vascular disease.  A Nobel Prize was awarded in 1982 to the scientists who discovered that aspirin blocked  the hormones called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins cause the blood to clot and promote inflammation. Aspirin works by blocking prostaglandins from doing their job.  The use of aspirin to treat heart attacks and strokes is not in question. Daily aspirin (both low dose and higher dose) has been shown to reduce the risk of death or another heart attack and stroke in people who have heart and vascular disease. Taking a medication such as aspirin to prevent another occurrence of a disease such as heart attack is referred to as secondary prevention. Aspirin works by interfering with the platelets, the tiny cell-like substances in our blood that contribute naturally to our blood clotting after an injury. If the platelets are interfered with by aspirin and can't clump together, the blood won't clot.  This blog, however, is about preventing heart disease or stroke in the first place, not about people who already know they have heart disease or have had a stroke. In the 1990s studies showed that regular aspirin use reduced the risk for colon cancer too. A more recent review of newer studies of older adults questioned that finding.  No other medication has so cheaply and effectively found a place in modern day medicine for so many people. But who can benefit and safely take it is now in question. Aspirin can irritate the lining of the stomach after just a few doses. It can lead to ulcers and massive bleeding, especially in the elderly. A gastrointestinal (GI) doctor told me about his research as a young doctor studying aspirin and the stomach lining. He looked at the stomach lining of healthy people taking small amounts of daily aspirin. He found that only a few doses can cause irritation and the beginning of an ulcer.  Anyone with a history of ulcers, beware.  Everyone is at risk to suffer the bad consequences of aspirin, but not everyone will benefit from taking it.  Or said another way, everyone is at risk for the bleeding and stomach ulcer complications of aspirin but not everyone is at the same risk for heart disease and stroke.  The older you are, the greater the risk. If you take enough aspirin, you will have problems. Aspirin increases bleeding pretty much everywhere in the body although the risk is greatest for GI and brain bleeding.  By 2014 the Food and Drug Administration released an update to consumers about aspirin. They advised that daily aspirin as a preventive medication in people who have not had a heart attack, stroke or vascular disease problems may not be worth the risk or dangers. The FDA refused to allow Bayer to label baby aspirin as a way to prevent a first-ever heart attack or stroke. That means they didn't agree that aspirin was useful as primary prevention. In 2016 it was estimated that about 40 percent of U.S. adults over age 50 take a low dose of aspirin hoping to prevent heart disease and/or strokeBoth the American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association support the use of daily low-dose aspirin in people who are at high risk for having a stroke or heart attack. The American Diabetes Association also recommends daily aspirin for certain diabetic patients with an increased risk of heart and vascular disease. They may change their guidelines based on the following new study findings. As of 2018, we have the results of four excellent research studies looking at the benefits and risks of taking aspirin to prevent heart disease and stroke. If you are older and still taking aspirin to prevent heart disease or stroke, you may be surprised. ASPREE (Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly): In this study of over 19,000 healthy people ages 65 and older, the people were not previously taking aspirin and had no history of heart disease, diabetes or stroke.  After almost five years, there was no benefit from aspirin, but there was a major risk of hemorrhage in the brain and GI tract. To most people's surprise, there was a slight increase in colon cancer risk from aspirin. There was also a higher risk of death from any cause in people who took aspirin. ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events): In this study, 12,500 men and women without diabetes but with at least two other risk factors for heart and vascular disease were treated with low-dose aspirin for five years. Men were enrolled at age 55 and older. Women were enrolled at age 60 and older. Again, to the surprise of most, the use of aspirin was not beneficial and yet the risk of serious bleeding and other problems was small but much greater for the people taking a baby aspirin daily. ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes): This study looked at 15,500 patients ages 40 and older with diabetes but no known heart disease who were treated with low-dose aspirin for over seven years. There was a 12 percent reduction in major heart and vascular events such as heart attack and stroke but this was offset by a 29 percent increase in bleeding, mainly from the GI tract. (Said another way, there was an absolute risk decrease of heart events by 1.1 percent and an absolute increased risk of major bleeding of 0.9 percent.) There was no decrease in cancer risk in the aspirin group.  Note: Most of the patients had reasonably good control or treatment of their blood pressure and blood fats at the start of the trial which means they were already doing a lot to reduce their heart risk. ACCEPT-D (Aspirin and Simvastatin Combination for Cardiovascular Events Prevention Trial in Diabetes): This study involved 5,000 healthy patients ages 50 and over with diabetes being treated with low-dose aspirin and simvastatin versus simvastatin alone. The results of this trial have not yet been reported. Is there any wonder people are confused as to the role of aspirin in preventing heart disease? Most experts today agree that for healthy people of all ages without diabetes or heart disease, the risks of taking aspirin are likely greater than the benefits.  On the other hand, if you have diabetes or multiple other risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or a family history of heart disease at a young age, a careful look at your individual circumstances and a conversation with your health care professional make sense.  My brother-in-law is 70 years old and has type 2 diabetes. He has a great diet, exercises daily and has a good family history. He controls his blood pressure and blood cholesterol with medications. He was advised to take daily baby aspirin "just in case" many years ago. I have asked him to talk to his doctor in light of current research to see if it still makes sense for him. In May of 2019, JAMA Neurology (Journal of American Medical Association/Neurology) released a comprehensive review of 13 randomized clinical trials of healthy people taking low dose aspirin. They concluded that the use of low-dose aspirin in people without heart or vascular disease significantly increased the risk of bleeding within the brain, referred to as intracranial bleeding.  Bleeding in the brain is considered a major bleeding event. It is linked to higher chances of being impaired (symptoms similar to findings after a stroke) and leads to a higher risk of death. Those patients of Asian race and those with a lower body mass index (lower BMI) were especially at higher risk of a brain bleed.  Medicine is full of tradeoffs. What makes sense for one person may be troubling to another. For everyone, it makes sense to regularly ask your health care professional about any medicines you have taken for a long time (called legacy medications). Does the recent research change anything for you or a loved one? Is aspirin worth it now that you may be older and have a greater chance of bleeding from the baby aspirin than ever before?  Marie Savard, MD, is a trusted voice on women's health, wellness and patient empowerment. She currently writes a blog called Ask Dr. Marie, where this column first appeared. Her blog focuses on  the challenges of medication overload in older adults and what caregivers can do to help. Dr. Savard is a former ABC News Medical Contributor and author of four books including her most recent, Ask Dr Marie: What Women Must Know about Hormones, Libido, and the Medical Problems No One Talks About. She lives in Philadelphia with her physician husband and has three grown sons.
Make your own free website on It's Fair to Share - reducing taxes in Canada by sharing income Assumptions and Misunderstandings about Income Splitting Executive Summary Graphic of newspapers; Size=180 pixels wide If you wish to attend the conference contact Sara Landriault at or Beverley Smith at Smith argues that basing taxation income solely on individual earning patterns, and not permitting declaration admitting income is shared, is inconsistent with other laws, fails to recognize the contributions of the unpaid sector of an economy, causes undue hardship and is a violation of Charter rights about freedom of conscience and about equal benefit under the law. Current situation Canada bases its taxes on the income of the individual only. There is no option to declare that your income is shared with or spread over other people and to have a different tax rate based on the sharing of income. Other nations permit the second category of taxation for those who do share income. At the heart of the discussion is really what the value is of having an adult who is not paid, a nonsalaried citizen, and whether that role is of value and if it is of value, to whom it is of value. The penalty on the single income lifestyle assumes the role is of little value and that the nonearner is notworking, and is only a dependent on the earner. Therefore the issue about the single income tax penalty is closely linked to advocacy to recognize unpaid labor as a vital part of an economy, and to the womens rights movement to recognize that caregiving work at home, a historical female role, has always had great value to the nation. This therefore though on the face of it a tax issue, is also a human rights issue and a womens rights issue. 1970 The Royal Commission on the Status of Women said that taking care of a child at home was also work. IT said these services have an economic value, even though they are not included in the estimates of the Gross National Product, because they cannot yet be adequately measured. The housewife who remains at home is just as much a producer of goods and services as the paid worker. Nov 2005 Globe and Mail reports that on a household income of $40,000, the dual earner couples pays $2444 tax while the single earner pays $4529 On $60,000 income the dual pays $2015 while the single pays $8915 On $75,000 income the dual pays $5365 while the single pays $12,317 On $100,000 income the dual pays $11,064 while the single pays $18,817 The single income family pays taxes 4278% higher. Oct 2004 Kurt Oelschlagel, CA of BDO Dunwoody has found that for households earning $61,416.37, the equal earning spouse arrangement of $30,528 each approximately pays tax of $6524 while the arrangement where one spouse earns $55,000 while the other earns $5,000 pays about $9547 tax, 46% higher. April 2004 Niels Velduis, economist has found that for households earning $40,000 the single income household pays a penalty of $4973 more tax than does the dual earner household. 2002 Heather GoreHickman, CA, has calculated that for BC households earning $60,000 the household earning $30,000 and $30,00 pays $9053 in tax, The household earning $36,000 and $24,000 pays $10,212 in tax. The household earning $50,000 and $10,000 pays $11.601 in tax The household earning $60,000 and zero pays $12,849 in tax. The single income family at the bottom pays a penalty of 42% higher tax rate on the household with the same total income that happens to have two earners of equal salary. Many feel this unequal taxation violates a principle of horizontal equity, whereby those with the same ability to pay tax should pay the same tax. 1992 Dr. Chris Gerard in The Taxpayer notes that for households earning $60,000, the common law dual income family pays $7580 tax, the dual income married couple pays $10,725 tax and the single income married couple pays $17,824 tax 1990 The Fraser Institute in Tax Facts Seven notes that all dual income families pay less tax than equalearning single income families and that the largest differences appear to be at the lowest income levels. On a household income of $15,000, the single income family pays double the tax of the dual earner household. The nonearning spouse currently is recognized in tax law only as a dependent of the earner and the deduction federally is less than that of a general personal deduction, the assumption possibly being that the lower income spouse has no or fewer expenses than any other full person. These assumptions have been questioned by womens rights advocates. For nonearning spouses or those of low income, there is a deduction permitted for them as spousal dependents&#8217;. This spousal deduction was created in 1918. In the 1950s it was $1000 when an average income was $3,000 so it was about onethird of an average income. It rose with the cost of living and in 1987 was $3666. In 1988 it was converted to a nonrefundable credit. The actual value of this deduction was reduced at the same time. In 1993 the value was $915 for federal taxes or $1418 for federal and provincial. By 2005 it was less than oneseventh of an average income, considerably lower than the minimum wage and there are some commentators, such as Dr. Kathleen Lahey of Queens, who are suggesting it be reduced to zero to provide incentives for women to work outside the home. Other observations Single earner lifestyles are less common than dual earner. In 1999 60.5% of husbandwife families were dual earner and 22.7% were single earner. Single earner lifestyles are the lower earning style. 1995 single earner earn $58,085 while dual earner homes earn $68,347 contrary to the myth that the single earner household is the wealthy one. Assumptions of individual based tax only 1. that the goal of tax should be to encourage each adult works/ contributes/ is useful/ is not lazy 2. that the only kind of work that matters is paid work. That there is no such thing as unpaid work. Unpaid tasks must be leisure, personal or selfindulgent, even indulgences of selfishness and not serving society male dominated traditional definition of work, productivity and GDP, ignoring unpaid labor 1970 &#8211;The Royal Commission on the Status of Women said that taking care of a child at home was also work. IT said these services &#8216;have an economic value, even though they are not included in the estimates of the Gross National Product, because they cannot yet be adequately measured. The housewife who remains at home is just as much a producer of goods and services as the paid worker. 3. that the goal of tax should be to encourage people to be independent and not dependent on another a moral principle against laziness &#8211; Christian work ethic 4. that being dependent financially is the same as being dependent morally The financial definition of definition of dependency is assumed when in fact In practical terms the earner depends on the athome spouse for domestic Roles, caregiving of the family, maintenance of the home and of family connections in the larger community. The child depends on the protection, feeding and nurturing of the unpaid worker in order to survive. The community also depends on the unpaid worker as a backup for the paid work force, to care for the sick, to do volunteer work, to read to the young and drive cancer patients to appointments and care For the elderly and dying. The tax system actually also depends on the unpaid Caregiver to work for free yet still to provide healthy young adults for the Next generation of paid workers. So even though the earner, the young, the community and the tax system depend on the unpaid worker at home, she is viewed as the one who is dependant even though the couple may feel they are equal partners and even though the caregiver of young children at home is there to feed and protect them and is herself a person on whom young lives depend 5. that being dependent morally is repugnant for any liberated woman and there is no such thing as interdependency 6. that being dependent financially is risky since it makes the person vulnerable and makes them feel less stable and less fully equal 7. that financial dependence is a decision made personally and one the state does not impose in fact the state imposes it on purpose, penalizing the unpaid worker to force her into dependency financially. The financial dependency is one the state imposess not a consequence the unpaid worker seeks out, to be lazy 8. That the state should nudge people into roles of complete financial independence and should not permit or recognize incomesharing even if the couple does it and believes in it. That the state does this for the couples own good . That the state should take sides in a moral lifestyle debate and favor some choices over others. in fact basic tax code principle is supposed to be to tax what is, not to pressure people to act a certain way due to the taxes they are likely to get. Taxes are not to direct behavior but to observe it and then seek tax based on it. the tax penalty intentionally tries to change how people act. It seeks to encourage women into the paid labor force and away from care roles, whether they want to move there or not 9. that women need to move out of the home to fully participate in society, to fully use their skills or to be fully liberated This is one definition of participating fully. The womens movement of the 1920s wanted to ensure women got full participation rights &#8211;voting, sitting in government, sitting on judicial benches, owning property, managing money &#8211; even if they were caregivers in the home. The movement to liberate women was not specifically to liberate them from being at home. It was to ensure that while at home they were not forced to be second class citizens. Current tax policy to pressure them out of the home actually fails to fully advance womens equality rights and still treats them there as second class citizens 10. that two people can live as cheaply as one &#8211; so they don&#8217;t need two full personal deductions. in fact two people usually move out of an apartment to buy a house, which costs more than two apartment rentals, and they eat for two and have two wardrobes and pay double admission and eat two full meals. 11. that the earner actually is the owner of property and the nonearner is not so it is important to ensure the earner gets the property This is archaic reasoning that women are chattels and servants only. It ignores the dower rights and inheritance and divorce rights of spouses. Misunderstandings of the incomesplitting proposal 1. It is forced on people _ in fact in the US people can choose individual or joint taxation. People can of their own free will choose the tax rate that benefits them most. So penalties about one style against the other in individual exceptional circumstance are not reason to reject the option. People can choose for themselves. Jamie Golombek, VP of taxation at AIM Trimark Investments says there should be an option, not a requirement to file joint returns, as in the US. He says that this would allow income to be taxed as a family unit for those who prefer that strategy. In the US there are several options of filing as there are in several other nations. To share income does not mean to total the incomes and pay at the high tax rate. It does not mean to total the joint incomes, divide by two and tax twice at the middle rate. This system was used in the US from 1948 to 1969 but now there is a separate scale for those who declare as sharing income. It does mean having a separate scale for taxing households which share income. In most cases the tax rates is lower for those whose income has to spread over more than one person. In the US there has been criticism of some of the divisions of the tax rates and areas where the household tax may be slightly higher for the single earner couple than the double but generally by the option to be taxed on the household scale, the tax is lower. 2 .That the lower earner will now pay more tax. _ In fact the higher earner pays less tax so they pay a middle level based on shared income. The claimed penalty on the lower earner is not evident. 3. that those who want it are already rich. The assumption is that if you can afford to be home; you must not &#8216;have to work&#8217;. In fact the couples with two incomes earn more than does the couple with one income so the &#8216;rich&#8217; are the dual earner couple. There are many motivations for women earning parttime or fulltime and one is financial but this only proves that the state is imposing a pressure to earn regardless of personal preference of young mothers. Another pressure is social &#8211; to get women to be more financially independent, again a pressure imposed by the states view of what independence means and its degrading of the caregiver role. But a third reason for women to earn outside the home is that of love of career and many dual income households actually have very well paid earners one of whom could technically afford to be home but who chooses not to. Therefore one cannot assume that all people at home are wealthy or that The ones who are not at home had no choice 4. That this is a move to keep families together and to discourage divorce. The idea that this will strengthen the traditional family over other household arrangements. In fact this move is to recognize those who share income and need not be based on marital status. Dec 2003 Madame Justice Ellen Macdonald of the Ontario Superior Court ruled that samesex couples were entitled to Canada Pension plan benefits if one of the partners died. The lead plaintiff was 76 year old George Hislop whose partner of 28 years, Ronnie Shearer, died in 1986. The tow had shared income and business ventures and Hislop had lived on Shearers income. Nov 2004 Dr. Rod Beaujot of the U of Western Ontario in Earning and Caring in Canadian Families examined a definition of family based on function not form. Stats Canada uses two definitions of family, one the definition for census purposes and the other a definition based on economic sharing. The Vanier Institute of the Family in Profiling Canadas Families notes that the 1983 concept of a family with a male head of household has profoundly changed. The institute now defines family as &#8216;any comnbination of two or more people who are bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth, adoption or placement and who, together, assume responsibilities for physical care, addition of new members, socialization of children, social control of members, production, consumption and distribution of goods and services, and finally, love Current law actually penalizes marriage and gives tax breaks for child support only if you are not married. The income splitting option would remove a current penalty and level the playing field. To remove a discouragement is not to create an encouragement. It is marriageneutral. There are already many disincentives to marriage such as loss of personal freedom, need to consult on decisions of career, travel, residence, recreation and there are legal obligations about medical care and financial provision. The income splitting option would only remove one of the penalties and only for those who wanted it removed. 5 .That this is to encourage people to have children and that it would keep homes stable for children. There is the theory that this by encouraging children would penalize those who do not have children. In fact this would simply value care of others, be they children, the sick, handicapped,elderly or dying and that it would also recognize other unpaid but needed roles such as care of the farm, pets, household management or any other tasks the couple in its wisdom have deemed worth the time commitment of an unpaid household member. This would be recognition of the fact that some people choose to spread their income over others and to share. In the case of those who provide care of children there is a social benefit since children create the next paid labor force and tax base. In the case of care of the handicapped, elderly or dying, care of them in the home reduces the social bill of formal institutional care and the risk of larger bills were such care receivers neglected. Those who do not provide care of others currently nevertheless benefit from the fact that others in society do provide such care. Income splitting by itself does not provide significant incentive to take on the huge costs and time commitment of raising a child though it may be of help to some. There are currently many other disincentives to having children such as loss of freedom, and increased financial and legal obligations. To permit income splitting would only remove one of these obstacles. 6. That this is welfare or a handout to the caregiver. In fact the care of others is useful to society and to recognize its value is to recognize work. In Beijing in 1995 Canada promised along with all other UN nations to start to tally and notice the value of the unpaid care sector that has in traditional economics been uncounted. To permit income splitting is step towards recognizing the work that has anchored economies and provided 1/3 of the GDP, but which has been neglected in ledgers. 7. That this would only help married couples Many options of legislation are possible but it is logical to provide the incomesplitting option for all who share income, with marital status not relevant. 8. That this would encourage women to be dependent. In fact current law forces some women to be dependent financially if they are at home taking care of children or the elderly. The forced dependency is not a personal preference of many women but is a consequence that the tax code imposes because it does not recognize the value of any work that is unpaid. To permit income splitting would recognize that the athome spouse is interdependent with the earner, not dependant. The option would give women or male caregivers at home independent recognition and dignity for their work in the home and would give them full person status in that role. It would actually be a step forward for womens equality rights since the role is overwhelmingly historically female. 9. That this issue only affects families at the income extremes &#8211; those with one adult at home with no income, and those with two adults with fulltime income. In fact the issue affects all households with more than one adult. All gradations of earing style along the line, including one earner earning fulltime and one parttime, one earning at top salary and one earning at lower than highest potential salalry in order to be home to do care roles, those who do paid work at home but who take a pay cut to do so, and all income styles between. The gradation of the penalty is felt by all and the only ones who do not pay penalty are that rare couple with identical incomes as each other. The largest penalty is imposed on the single income family but all households pay some gradation of the penalty. 521-18 A St NW Calgary Alberta T2N2H3
Panniers: The Attention-Grabbing 18th Century Fashion Undergarment 18th Century fashion is elaborate, classy and sophisticated, but oh boy was it uncomfortable. We've already written about Crinoline - the 19th century fashion undergarment aptly called the Woman killer ( more than 3000 women died from wearing it), and inspired by this, we stumbled upon another fashion trend from another era, the pannier. 18th-century dress If you’ve watched at least one biographical movie about Marie Antoinette, then you're familiar with her gowns' “spectacular” sides. To achieve the hooped-sides effect, ladies in the 17th and 18th Century need to wear a special undergarment called Pannier. These panniers or side hoops widen the side of the skirts while leaving the front and back relatively flat. This means that woven patterns, elaborate decorations and rich embroidery could be fully displayed and appreciated. Display mount for a 1751 pannier dress English or French court dress with wide pannier, c. 1760 Farthingale reconstruction Historical Hoopskirts English, Hoop petticoat or pannier, 1750-80. Plain-woven linen and cane. The style was originally inspired from Spanish court dress of the 17th century, common in portraits by Velázquez. The fashion became popular in France and, after c. 1718–1719,  it to the rest of Europe  when some Spanish dresses had been displayed in Paris. Some say the pannier originated in Germany or England, since it has been around since 1710 in England, and even appeared in the French court in the last years of Louis XIV’s reign. Sack-back gown and petticoat, 1775-1780 By the mid-18th century a woman's gown always presented an imposing spectacle and took up three times as much space as a man. At their most extreme skirts with panniers could extend several feet at each side. By the 1780s, panniers were usually worn only to very formal events and within court fashion. No comments: Powered by Blogger.
How Robots Help In Kidney Transplant Understanding Robotic Surgery Less blood Less scarring Reduced risk of infection Faster return to your life How does the Robotic Surgical System work? How robots help in Kidney transplant? A cutting-edge procedure, robotic kidney surgery provides patients an alternate surgical procedure that reduces pain, recovery time and risks. Robotic kidney surgery, also called a robotic nephrectomy or robotic partial nephrectomy, is a common treatment for kidney cancer and other conditions affecting the kidney Traditional surgical procedure requires a lengthy incision up to 12 inches long. This increases the risk of infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding organs and hernia. Minimally invasive kidney surgery requires only a few small incisions to perform the procedure. This reduces the amount of trauma inflicted on the patient’s body and results in less pain and quicker recovery. Like minimally invasive kidney surgery, robotic kidney surgery requires only small incisions. This is the general way the surgery is performed Surgeons insert specialized tools and a camera through small incisions to reach the kidney. The surgeon visualizes the kidney on a computer screen and performs the surgery using a robotic arm. His or her movements are made more precise to avoid damaging surrounding organs and to remove only the exact tissue necessary. The kidney is removed through a slightly larger incision that measures around four inches. The incisions are sutured closed. Robotic kidney surgery is only preformed at a select number of hospitals in the world.
doterraclass1Aromatherapy is based on millennia-old methods for promoting individual health and wellness. It makes use of the plants’ abilities to strengthen our vitality by using essential oils and other aromatic compounds (such as absolutes) extracted from them. Aromatic plants are producing essential oils in the cells which carry specialized glands for them. Due to increased interest in holistic health, extracted oils have increased in popularity in cosmetics and complementary medicine, to balance mind-body activities and to promote wellness. Although the term “aroma” sounds like that essential oils are applied only through breath, they can be used also topical on the skin from which they are effectively absorbed into the body by approximately 20-90 minutes, or they can be enjoyed internally. Essential oils can be recommended for internal use only by consulting qualified specialist. Whether they were utilized by inhalation or through the skin, essential oils have became increasingly popular as a complementary therapy for infections, stress, skin allergies, sunburns and to restore hormone balance and to promote the general health. Oils can help blood circulation, fluid circulation and the metabolism. They affect the cells in chemical but also in energetic level, making them most effective remedies in the nature. Water repellent essential oils are usually extracted via steam distillation, getting aromatic components based on differences in volatile constituents in a heated mixture. It involves bubbling steam through the plant material and it is ideal for sensitive oils, because the temperature is easy to control. Other methods used to create pure essential oils are dry distillation, vacuum distillation, destructive distillation and expression. Expression method makes cold pressed oils as it is obtained by using high mechanical pressure to squeeze the oil from the plant material, allowing better in purity and flavour than by steam distillation. Ingredients for essential oils can be distilled from the seeds, peels, stems, roots and flowers. Approximately ten percent of the World’s plant species are aromatic, including ingredients which protect plants against diseases, mildew, wounds and drying. The purest essential oils will not leave any residues on the skin. They have been exploited through the history in many cultures due to benefits for the holistic health and wellness. Every oil contains a specific combination of active ingredients, and this combination determines how it can be used. Some of the oils are used to promote physical health, such as edema and to treat fungal infections, while other oils are utilized due to emotional value they can relax and cause a pleasure. For example, oil from orange flower contains large doses of sedative ingredients, while fennel contains the female hormone estrogen and firms the skin effectively, and melaleuca, in turn, is strongly antiseptic. Essential oils offer a safe, natural, effective help for issues with general health and wellness, from allergies and headaches to insomnia and digestion. Photo in right side descripes in more detail how aromatherapeutic products can be used. Essential oils have been used for therapeutic purposes for nearly 6,000 years. The ancient Chinese, Indians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans used them in cosmetics, perfumes, and medicines. Essential oils were also commonly used for spiritual, therapeutic, hygienic and ritualistic purposes. They were used, for example, in order to facilitate reaching a trance, as an incense to enjoy their smell, for body treatment to reduce the effects of aging, to repel insects, and embalming the corpses for thousands of years. The Bible also mentions that frankincense and myrrh for child Jesus. Distillation of essential oils started to become common methods in Europe as early as 1100’s. Essential oils were widely used during the great plague for epidemic disinfection of the premises. The use of aromatherapy and herbal knowledge peaked during the 17th century. Science of aromatherapy started in early 20th century when French chemist René-Maurice Gattefossé discovered the healing properties of lavender oil and analyzed the chemical properties of essential oils while they were used to treat burns, skin infections, gangrene, and wounds in soldiers during World War I. By the 1950s massage therapists, beauticians, nurses, physiotherapists, doctors, and other health care providers all over the World began using aromatherapy. It gained more popularity during the 1980s and today many lotions, candles, and beauty products are sold as “aromatherapy.” However, those products should be used with caution, because many them contain synthetic fragrances that do not have the same properties as essential oils. If you want to try out some oils, you can order dōTERRA‘s introductory kit, collection of most easiest and fastest way to promote your health while getting experience from the benefits and usage of various oils. dōTERRA is offering several great options to start with effective way to help yourself and even earning money while doing so. If you got interested, you can also read frequently asked questions about aromatherapy, essential oils and dōTERRA before you make decision whether to give it a try or if you are considering to join dōTERRA as a Wellness Advocate. You are also welcome to connect with Yumi for personal consultation. One Response something that helped me. Appreciate it! Leave a Reply | Vastaa
Login to your new FMVA dashboard today! The S&P Sectors Method of sorting companies based on primarily business activity What are the S&P Sectors? The S&P sectors is a method of sorting publicly traded companies into 11 sectors and 24 industry groups. Created by Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Morgan Stanely Capital International (MSCI), it is also known as the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). S&P sorts company into the sectors based on their primary business activity. Illustration of the S&P Sectors What are they used for? Sector breakdowns help portfolio managers and investors determine the allocation of funds within a portfolio. If an investor wants to create a diversified portfolio, the portfolio should have stocks from all if not most of the sectors. For smaller investors seeking to have a diversified portfolio, it is possible for them to purchase exchange-traded funds (ETFs).  However, if the investor is only interested in investing in technological or energy based businesses, the GICs will help narrow down possible companies. Quick Summary Points • The S&P sectors or Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) organize companies based on their primary business activities. • Investors can use the sectors to isolate stocks of specific interest or to build a diversified portfolio. • The order of the 11 sectors based on size are Informational Technology, Health Care, Financials, Consumer Discretionary, Communication Services, Industrials, Consumer Staples, Energy, Utilities, Real Estate, and Materials. Overview of the S&P sectors 1. Informational Technology The informational technology sector consists of companies that develop or distribute technological items or services and include internet companies. Products that include technology is almost endless and includes computers, microprocessors, operating systems. Example of companies in this sector includes big names like Microsoft Corporation, Oracle Corp., and Mastercard Inc. This sector has seen a lot of change in recent years because of the rise in technologically based companies. 2. Health Care Health care consists of medical supply companies, pharmaceutical companies, and scientific based operations or services that aim to improve the human body or mind. Familiar names include Johnson & Johnson a medical device and pharmaceutical company that owns Tylenol and Abiomed, which manufacture medical implant devices. In addition, cannabis companies have recently joined the health care sector. Currently, the more well-known ones are Canopy Growth Corp. and Aurora Cannabis with a market cap of $23 billion and $12 billion respectively. 3. Financials The financial sector includes all companies that revolve around the movement of money. This includes banks, credit card issuers, credit unions, insurance companies, and mortgage real estate investment trusts (REITs). Companies within this sector are relatively stable as they are mostly matured and already established. Banks in this sector include Bank of America Corp, JPMorgan Chase & Co., and Goldman Sachs. Other names include Berkshire Hathaway, American Express, and Aon plc. 4. Consumer Discretionary Discretionary consumer products are luxury items or experiences that are not necessary for survival. The demand for these items depends on the economic conditions and wealth of individuals. Products include cars, jewelry, sporting goods, and electronic devices. Luxury experiences include trips, stays at hotels, or dining in a top end restaurant. Most companies in this sector are easily recognized. Some examples include Starbucks, Best Buy Co. Inc, and Amazon. 5. Communication Services The communication services sector consists of companies that keep people connected. This includes internet providers and phone plan providers. The more exciting part of the sector includes media, entertainment, and interactive media & services companies. Netflix Inc. and Walt Disney Co. is actually part of communication services even though the companies seem to be closely related to consumer discretionary. Other companies within the sector include AT&T, CBS Corp., and Facebook. 6. Industrials Industrials include a wide range of companies from airlines and railroads companies to military weapons manufacturers. Since the range of companies is so large, the sector has 14 different industries. Some of the industries are Aerospace & Defense, Construction & Engineering and Professional Services Industry. Best known names within this sector are Delta Air Lines Inc. and Southwest Airlines, FedEx Corporation, and Boeing Company. 7. Consumer Staples Consumer staples companies provide all the necessities of life. This includes food and beverage companies, household product providers, and personal product providers. Consumer staple companies are well known since people see it in stores regularly or in their surroundings. For instance, Procter & Gamble is a famous company within this sector and produces bleach and laundry detergent under brand names such as Dawn and Tide. Another example is Kroger, which is the largest supermarket chain in the U.S. and distributes food, beverages, and household products. 8. Energy The energy sector consists of all companies that play a part in the oil, gas and consumable fuels business. This includes companies that find, drill and extract the commodity. It also includes the companies that refine the material and companies that provide or manufacturer the equipment used in the process. Companies like Exxon Mobil and Chevron extract and refine gas while companies like Kinder Morgan contain and transport the oil to gas stations. 9. Utilities Utility companies provide or generate electricity, water, and gas to buildings and households. For example, Duke Energy generates and distributes electricity and Southern Company provides gas and electricity. Many utility companies are also developing renewable solar, wind, and hydro facilities to be more environmentally friendly. 10. Real Estate As the name suggests, the newest addition to the S&P sectors includes all the Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) except for mortgage REITs. The real estate sector makes up 2.9% of the S&P 500. Companies in the sector include American Tower Corp.,  Boston Properties, and Equinix. 11. Materials Companies within the materials sector provide the raw material needed for other sectors to function. This includes the mining companies that provide gold, zinc, and copper and forestry companies that provide logs. Companies that are not typically associated with materials but are in the sector are containers and packaging companies, such as the Intertape Polymer Group, a company that produces tapes. To learn more about the materials sector, take a look at CFI’s Mining Valuation & Financial Model Course. Additional Resources Thank you for reading CFI’s article on the S&P sectors. To keep learning and advancing your career, these resources will be helpful: • Industry Analysis • Mining Industry Primer • NASDAQ Composite • Indexing Financial Analyst Training
You are here Redwood National Park Coast Rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum) Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum) is a broadleaf evergreen shrub with grayish-brown bark. The thick leathery leaves are dark green and whorled at the tip of branches. The bell shaped flowers are light to rose pink and 2 to 4 centimeters long. They are found in large loose clusters at the end of the branches. Common Cowparsnip (Heracleum maximum)  Common cowparsnip (Heracleum maximum) is a perennial, herbaceous plant that grows 3 to 10 feet tall. The large braod leaves are lobed, and it has thick, hairy stems. The small white flowers either have both male and female parts or have only male parts. Flowers are grouped into small clusters that are grouped into larger showier, flat-topped clusters. Coyotebrush (Baccharis pilularis) BAPI flowers- Liz MatthewsBaccharis pilularis is a shrub in the Aster family that can be up to three meters tall. The leaves are toothed, oval, and sticky. Coyotebrush is dioecious, meaning each plant has flowers with either all male parts or all female parts. Pacific Trillium (Trillium ovatum) Red Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) This species is a deciduous perennial shrub or small tree which can reach a height of 3-7 meters. Its green leaves have serrated edges and a strong, distinctive odor. The bark is dark reddish-brown with raised pores. The fragrant creamy-white flowers are arranged into dome-shaped clusters. Silky Beach Pea (Lathyrus littoralis) Silky Beach Pea (Lathyrus littoralisis a perennial herb with silky grey wooly leaves. It is a member of the legume family (Fabaceae). The leaves are subdivided into 4 to 8 small overlapping leaflets with small tough tendrils. The purple-pink and white flowers have prominent delicate venation. Flowers are displayed in tight clusters of 4 to 8; each flower is 15 to18 millimeters wide. Subscribe to Redwood National Park
British Economic Difficulties : 1970s – Structural Deficiencies An integral part of this blog has been to bridge the gap between the Economic theories that we learn in the classroom, and how these models can be reflected in real life examples. It can be restrictive to solely apply Economic theories to contemporary examples- meaning it would be useless to evaluate the effectiveness of Monetary policies in 2018 when the dominant school of Economic thought has evolved from Monetary to Neo-Liberal to Globalist in the last 30 years. Therefore, often Economists must look to the past to learn from the benefits and drawbacks of certain policies- and learn the lessons of history. The 1970s saw Britain fall from its position as Europe’s dominant economy. Uncontrollable inflation, recession, wage caps and union activity crippled Britain’s economy. The 1970s brought Britain back from the euphoria of prosperity of the 1960s, to reality. Britain’s industry was growing at a slower rate than its main European rivals, as well as experiencing much more volatile shifts in purchasing power of their currency. The austerity measures implemented in reaction to inflation caused industrial discontent, and furthermore trade-union action brought about mass energy shortages, culminating in the notorious “three day week.” Britain had wasted their potential to establish themselves as a global superpower alongside the Soviet Union and the US, due to a failure to foster sustainable economic growth, and a failure to increase productivity. As such, British industry became a pariah in the community of developed economies, and a symbol of poor levels of productivity. In 1975, for each car that an American worker produced, their British counterpart would produce one third of a car. Arguably, this degradation in British economic strength stemmed from the structural inadequacies of the British economy. A culture of myopic policy making, falling export competitiveness, an ineffective devaluation of the pound, and a misbalance between supply and demand side policies in the 1960s culminated to create a climate where economic growth was impossible in the 1970s. The increase in living standards of the 1960s masked the gradual degradation of the British economy, as it became less internationally competitive. The post war global industrial environment had left many economies unable to expand their productive potential. The capital of European countries had been focused towards military armament, and many of these strategic factories had been destroyed in military invasions. An example of this infrastructural devastation was seen in the post war situation of Germany. The near annihilation of the industrial city of Dresden, food production at 50% of its 1939 level, and an industrial output decrease of 30% meant that the German economy effectively had to start from scratch. However, the “altruism” of American foreign policy was based on George Kennan’s Long Telegram of 1946, which stated that communism “feeds on diseased tissue.” In other words, the less economically developed a country is, the more vulnerable it will become to a communist invasion. This ideology prompted the European Recovery Program, (aka Marshall Plan) which was implemented in 1948, subsequently providing $17 billion in aid to 16 different countries by 1953. Screen Shot 2018-09-07 at 09.09.39.png This aid allowed for the emergence of new economies. Improved international co-operation and US loans meant that war-torn economies were able to modernise and specialise, using the shared technological enterprise of already developed nations. The once bleak prospect of rebuilding an entire economy became the exciting potential to rebrand the economy. Primarily, this opportunity was seized by Japan and Germany, who were transformed from war torn economies with limited post-war labour, to respectively the 2nd and 3rd largest economies by 1989. In Germany, this evolution became known as “Wirtscaftswunde ” (economic miracle). The influence of Walter Eucken meant that the newly formed West Germany combined low corporate taxes and interest rates to spur investment. In the six months after the reintroduction the Deutsche Mark in June 1948, productivity had increased from 50% of its 1936 level, to 80% of this level. West Germany’s economic growth continued to increase, until in 1958, domestic production was four times greater than the level ten years previously. Germany acted as an example of how a post-war economy could transform into a productively efficient country, who were able to grow sustainably. UK’s growth during the 1950s and 1960s did not follow this same formula of correct balance between demand and supply side policies. During this period, the UK were still experiencing economic growth, but less so than other European markets. Growth was exemplified by an increase  in manufacturing output of an average of 3.1% per year. In historical terms, this figure may have been considered high, but it trailed behind many other advanced European countries such as Germany and France. It quickly became clear that other European markets were overtaking Britain in terms of rate of production increase. “Figure 1” shows the comparative growth of the three leading Western European economies in the third quarter of the 20th century. Screen Shot 2018-09-07 at 08.47.28 To highlight the economic failure of Britain in terms of export competitiveness, it is necessary to analyse the economic development in terms of manufacturing of the UK, compared to the equivalent in West Germany from 1950-1970. During this period, as West German production increased exponentially, foreign investors quickly saw the potential for growth in this newly formed country. As such, foreign investment flooded inwards. This injection was compounded by low levels of corporate tax and subsidies in the form of tax breaks for emerging markets (such as nuclear energy). These measures allowed for short term growth, however, the inward foreign investment into the West German manufacturing industry also allowed for the expansion of productive potential. This was achieved by the successful implementation of supply side policies, such as the lowering of corporate taxes. As West German productivity and efficiency increased, the cost of production fell for exportable goods. This led to a drastic increase in demand for German exports. German exports grew from 10% to 19% of GDP from 1950-1960. As such, even when German demand slackened domestically, a high capacity utilisation of German manufacturing industry was maintained because of export led growth. On the other hand, in Britain, the macroeconomic objective of a favourable balance of payments was quickly becoming a difficult feat to achieve (Figure 2). Indeed, a higher percentage of wages were dedicated towards importing cheap goods from economies such as Germany. As propensity to import goods increased, firms and households alike quickly realised the ease of importing cheaper components and goods from abroad, to save in production costs. As such, UK’s imports rose from 21% to 30.9% of GDP from 1960-1972, whilst exports fell from 20.2% to just 17.3% of GDP from 1960-1967.  The imbalance between Supply and Demand side policies meant that consumer demand quickly exceeded British domestic production potential. An example of this imbalance can be seen by the British stubbornness to innovate public transport routes, as Britain still relied on inefficient steam trains well into the 1960s, whereas Germany and France had evolved into cheaper electricity and diesel alternatives by this point. Screen Shot 2018-09-07 at 08.47.39.png A reason for the stagnation of inward investment into the UK was that foreign investors were put off by the volatility of the pound during the 60s and early 70s. Howard Wilson controversially devalued the pound in 1967 from $2.80 to $2.40 (14%), in an attempt to rebalance the trade deficit and boost export led growth in domestic industries. In reality, this devaluation led to a fall in investor confidence, as foreign firms did not want to convert their capital into the devaluing Sterling, if they did not think that the government would prioritise maintaining the value of that original investment. The crippling of British long term growth was accurately reflected in the myopic nature of British Policy makers, who prioritised the “Shovel in Ground” immediate impact strategies, over long term supply side investment. This meant that because politicians were unlikely to be re-elected if they did not cause immediate, visible change to their communities within four years, often officials were more concerned with short term growth over long term sustainability measures. Indeed, Peter Clarke argued that the British obsession of ‘Butskellism’ Keynesian style of fiscal expansion to stimulate economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s was “short sighted.” In other words, up until the 1970s the consensus was that the economy could not defer from the Philips curve, such that a high unemployment rate could not exist simultaneously with high inflation rates. However, by 1969, both unemployment and inflation were rising together. Fiscal stimulus to encourage economic growth and reduce unemployment became redundant, as it fed the growing rates of inflation, whilst doing little to reduce unemployment. Thus, this policy myopia meant government failure arose, which exacerbated the inflation crisis. Therefore, it can be argued that a fundamental source of the economic difficulties that the UK faced during the 1970s was a result of the previous governmental administration failure to implement effective supply side policies. This meant that whilst newly branded economies such as France and Germany were driving their export led industry, Britain were slow to innovate their manufacturing industries. Germany quickly overtook UK in terms of productivity, as they were able to use foreign investment to enhance their capital, allowing them to expand their productive potential. Historian Michael Kitson summarised that “Despite growing at a faster rate than in earlier periods, it has been argued that the golden age was tarnished as Britain failed to achieve its potential.”  The long term disadvantage of this “tarnishing”, was that it meant that UK began to lag behind other European economies. The movement into a trade deficit represented a structural inefficiency, which hampered British manufacturing export led growth throughout the 1970s. My next post on “An Investigation into British Economic Difficulties Experienced in the 1970s” will focus on the so-called “Barber Boom”, and how Edward-Heath’s fiscal expansion of the 1972 Budget led to an exacerbation in inflationary pressures and subsequent stagflation. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out /  Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Couldn't find what you looking for? Tangerine calories facts Information of Tangerine Tangerines are a quite popular type of citrus fruits because they have a pleasant sour and sweet taste and they provide the human body with numerous health benefits. Tangerines are actually a variety of Mandarin oranges, but they are much tastier, less sour and easier to peel than the ordinary oranges. They can be characterized by an orange pebbly skin and their seeds are contained in segments. Tangerines are always a welcome addition to numerous different types of dishes but they are usually consumed in their raw form. Tangerines are also an excellent source of different sorts of essential nutrients as well. Tangerine Nutrition Facts A small tangerine weighs around 76 grams and it contains approximately 40 calories. It also contains 64.7 grams of water, 126 milligrams of potassium, 10.1 grams of carbohydrates, 15.2 milligrams of phosphorus, 1.4 grams of dietary fiber, 9.1 milligrams of magnesium, 0.2 grams of fats, 28.1 milligrams of calcium, 0.6 grams of proteins, 20.3 milligrams of vitamin C, 518 International Units of vitamin A, 12.2 micrograms of folate, and 0.3 milligrams of vitamin B3. A medium sized tangerine may have 88 grams of weight and it may contain up to 47 calories. The same tangerine also contains 74.9 grams of water, 166 milligrams of potassium, 13.3 grams of carbohydrates, 20 milligrams of phosphorus, 1.8 grams of dietary fiber, 12 milligrams of magnesium, 0.3 grams of fats, 37 milligrams of calcium, 0.8 grams of proteins, 26.7 milligrams of vitamin C, 681 International Units of vitamin A, 16 micrograms of folate and 0.4 milligrams of vitamin B3. A large tangerine of 120 grams of weight contains somewhere around 64 calories. It also contains 102 grams of water, 199 milligrams of potassium, 16 grams of carbohydrates, 24 milligrams of phosphorus, 2.2 grams of dietary fiber, 14.4 milligrams of magnesium, 0.4 grams of fats, 44.4 milligrams of calcium, 1 gram of proteins, 32 milligrams of vitamin C, 817 International Units of vitamin A, 19.2 micrograms of folate and 0.5 milligrams of vitamin B3. Tangerine Health Benefits Tangerines are very efficient in purifying the blood, detoxifying the body and preventing water retention. They can also be of great help when it comes to improving the functionality of the digestive juices, enhancing the production of bile and stomach acids, and improving the absorption of different types of essential nutrients. Tangerines are also great for the maintenance of a proper hormonal balance. They are efficient in boosting the immune system, fighting different sorts of infections and relieving various inflammatory conditions. Tangerines can come in very handy who suffer from respiratory problems, indigestion, depression, insomnia and several other medical conditions.  Your thoughts on this User avatar Guest
• June • 523 • 0 Microsoft Project Management a Glossary of Useful Terminology Project software and project management is very jargon laden this article will attempt to simply key project jargon for a new user. I for one have seen a dozen people sitting around a project plan discussing whether the new WBS might help the variance between the baseline plan and the project actual only the project planner who was talking really knew what was going on. What is a Project? What are Tasks? Linking Tasks Format Time-scale Network Diagram It is possible to view your project plan in many ways one is a network diagram which is a flow diagram to show how the tasks relate to each other Gantt chart This few shows the task names on the left hand side of the screen and displays the tasks as bars on the right hand side underneath a time scale. Gantt charts were initially named after a planner called Henry Laurence Gantt who worked as a mechanical engineer famous for his highly visual scheduling and monitoring diagram. Gantt Charts are drawn to display planned and actual project progress. A commonly accepted project management instrument these days, it was an innovation of world-wide significance in created while ship building during World War 1. Gantt charts were subsequently used to monitor large construction projects like the Hoover Dam started in 1931 and Terminal 5 at Heathrow in London. Critical Path Critical Path As the project progresses, different sequences might be named as critical. Consider a project with two vital task sequences which we’ll call selecting the new office site and Moving in to new offices. At the onset, the first task is projected to take 9 months and the second is projected to take 6 months. Since the first task will take longer and is deemed as being on the critical path. After three months work, should the first task perform ahead of schedule with a new estimate of 5 additional months more while the second has been delayed by three moths the latter task would now be on the critical path? What is a Critical Task Tracking the Critical Path The Gantt chart and network diagram two classic views in MS Project will display critical tasks and links in red automatically to make these tasks easier to observe and report. Slack Time Slack is the amount of time a task can be delayed and still be on schedule. A 5 day task with a 10 day deadline has 5 days of slack. A task with no slack is automatically critical. Imagine two tasks due to finish at the same time. Packing computer equipment with one day of duration and packing files with four days duration. If they both started at the same time the pack equipment tasks would have three days of slack. Project Calendar At its simplest this means remember to put in the bank holidays. Otherwise at a meeting when someone notices a task that may be should have happened on a Monday slips to the Task Constraints There are two main types of constraint in project called soft constraints and hard constraints. An example of a cost constraint would be when moving an office from A to B disconnect the computers as late as possible so people can still send and receive emails. No specific date in mind. As an example of a hard constraint imagine that when the office has moved the computers need setting up and you need to book in a network engineer. This would be an example of a hard constraint the work must be executed on that booked day. Splitting Large Tasks Some times a task name might be too general to manage. You might have a task called Selecting the site (duration 20 days). However, this could by split down into smaller tasks known as subtasks i.e. within the larger task Plan the move there might be smaller task to talk to a solicitor, draw up site layouts for prospective sites, check transport links etc. When linked din this way the major task is referred to as a summary bar. Project Resources These are the people, rooms, equipment, Materials that will be used or consumed by the project. These resources can be prioritized so that if for example a solicitor was over allocated work and expected to complete to reports each taking ( 8 hours) on the. It would be possible to use different techniques to level out their workloads Resources also have calendars which can be used to enter their holidays and also any delays in their schedule caused by sickness for example. Lags leads and Delays When moving an office from A to B half way through the task of distributing boxes presumably some one has a box therefore packing could begin. Or you could say 1 hour into the task distributing boxes the task of packing could begin. An alternative could be the new office is being painted so a lap or gap of 2 days might be left for the paint to dry before the new carpets are laid. A delay is different to a lag. Imagine the painter were due to start painting on the Monday but didn’t arrive on site to scheduling error until Tuesday this would be an unforeseen delay Resource Driven v Fixed Duration If it takes 1 day for a driver to get from London to Glasgow how long would it take two driver? Of course the answer is the same maybe longer if they chat. However, if two people are packing files instead of one you would expect the task to be complete quickly, the first example is fixed duration and the other is resource driven Tracking & Baseline Plans If you imagine your project plan is a boat race between Oxford and Cambridge. Your Boat is Oxford (the schedule what you have told your colleagues will happen) tracking allows you to create a second boat Cambridge which is what actually happened. Every task in your schedule is a boat with an alter ego boat to track what actually happened. You can see which tasks started and finished earlier or later than expected. This is called tracking the variance between the base line plan (the schedule you have set or announced and the actual outcome Project Costings It is also possible add cost information to both tasks and resources. It could be that distributing boxes as a task has a fixed cost of £1000 but the Work breakdown structure is just a notation eg 1.1, 1.2 a number sequence next to the tasks to make it easier to understand These are just a few samples of the jargon surrounding Ms Project. Possibly you might want to consider training to improve your productivity and join growing MS Project community. Source by John Caulfield © Copyright 2016 - Luxury Flooring Inc Designed By: AGC MEDIA
Joseph Pulitzer Reinvented American Journalism Filed in Television by on April 4, 2019 0 Comments Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911) was one of the giants of American journalism. The owner and publisher of The St. Louis Post-Dispatch and The New York World, he was an exemplar of the rags-to-riches saga so beloved by Americans. Arriving in the United States as a penniless Jewish immigrant from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he finagled his way to the pinnacle of society. Joseph Pulitzer Pulitzer’s odyssey unfolds in American Masters: Joseph Pulitzer on the PBS network on Friday, April 12 at 9 p.m. Directed by Oren Rudavsky, it’s a compelling documentary about a restless and driven entrepreneur who reshaped the daily newspaper. Born in the Hungarian town of Mako, near Budapest, Pulitzer immigrated to America in 1864, one year before the end of the Civil War. To Pulitzer, the United States represented the glories of democracy, a cause to which he was utterly devoted. Being illiterate in English, he joined a unit of the Union army where only German was spoken. Upon being demobilized, he headed west, shovelling coal aboard a Mississippi River barge, his first paying job. He taught himself English by reading the novels of Charles Dickens. Landing in St. Louis, he bounced around before becoming a reporter for the Westliche Post, a German-language newspaper. He also dabbled in politics. Selling his shares in that publication, he bought a failing daily, The St. Louis Posst-Dispatch, which he turned into a glowing success. He demanded short, snappy, smart stories from his reporters, a formula that attracted legions of readers. Pulitzer married Katherine Davis — a relative of Jefferson Davis, the president of the former Confederacy — in an Episcopalian church ceremony. Rudavsky suggests that Pulitzer was an assimilationist who wanted to shed his Jewishness. He succeeded. The Pulitzers are  no longer Jewish. The bulk of this documentary focuses on his acquisition and management of The New York World, which he purchased for $400,000 in 1883. Pulitzer wanted to reach a national audience and concluded that only a New York daily could provide him with such a platform. At that juncture, approximately a dozen dailies competed for readership, including The Morning Journal, the proprietor of which was Pulitzer’s brother, Albert. New York City in 1897 A populist at heart, Pulitzer instructed reporters to write stories and features about the masses. As far as he was concerned, news was about ordinary people. But he insisted on accurate reporting. Accuracy is to a newspaper what virtue is to a woman, he said. Being a liberal and a reformer, Pulitzer hewed to the principles of crusading and aggressive reporting. His newspaper exposed fraud, corruption and unethical business practices, but also called for the construction of more sewers to deal with a sanitation crisis and for the passage of laws to regulate conditions in tenements, where the majority of his readers lived in squalor. And in a patriotic campaign, Pulitzer persuaded tens of thousands of New Yorkers to donate funds to build a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty, which graces New York harbor today. The World’s Sunday magazine in 1906 From a purely aesthetic point of view, he was a trailblazer. He livened up the appearance of  his newspaper, hiring illustrators and introducing color comic strips and sports coverage, among other innovations. Well-to-do New Yorkers looked down on The New York World, accusing it of being sensationalist, cheap and crude. The World building on the far left By the late 1880s, circulation had reached 400,000, making it the largest daily in the United States. Using the paper’s immense readership to his advantage, he charged department stores like Macy’s much higher rates for advertisements. Flush with cash, he built a stylistic building to house The New York World. For a while, it was the tallest structure in the city. Toward the end of his life, he went blind and became hyper sensitive to sound. Turning into a recluse, he often lived on his yacht. The death of his young daughter had a depressing effect on him as well. The World’s coverage of the Spanish-American War William Randolf Hearst bought Albert Pulitzer’s newspaper, renamed it The New York Journal, and went head to head with Pulitzer for new readers. Both publishers squeezed the 1898 Spanish-American War for all it was worth to boost circulation. Critics charged them with descending into “yellow journalism,” a phrase that would enter the American lexicon. Being rich and powerful, Pulitzer challenged the legitimacy of President Teddy Roosevelt’s decision to build the Panama Canal, which would be his greatest accomplishment. Roosevelt threatened to imprison him, but in a landmark case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Pulitzer’s favor, thereby preserving an integral constitutional tenet, freedom of the press. In the wake of Pulitzer’s death, The New York World went into decline. His sons eventually sold it to a buyer who changed its name. Adding insult to injury, the World’s headquarters was torn down to create better access to the Brooklyn Bridge. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch survived the upheavals, but it, too, was ultimately sold. Joseph Pulitzer on a 1947 U.S. postage stamp Pulitzer’s legacy, however, still shines brightly. He created the Pulitzer Prize for quality in journalism and funded the establishment of the Colombia School of Journalism, still one of the finest schools of its kind in the United States. Pulitzer was certainly a trailblazer. Leave a Reply
Share the latest technology trends or photos of gadgets you love. You'll Be Amazed to Know So Many Types of Communication Devices Types of Communication Devices If it wasn't for the various types of communication devices around us, keeping in touch with others, and being updated with our environment, wouldn't be as simple as it seems to be as of now. So, why not go through some of the main kinds of communication devices and marvel on man-made technology! Shalu Bhatti Last Updated: Feb 26, 2018 The basic principle behind the process of communication, is to pass on information to the desired people or person, and to make sure that they have understood it in the very same manner as you intended to, which can be done through obtaining proper feedback. Which means that a proper communication includes a sender (who sends the information), the receiver (who receives the information), and the feedback from the receiver to the sender, stating that he or she has received and understood the information in the intended manner. There are different types of communication, including verbal communication and non-verbal communication which can take place either formally or informally. Communication devices are the means to effective communication which can be chosen based on the kind of communication you are willing to make. For example, sending an email to your girlfriend asking 'how are you' seems foolish when you can actually just text or call her! On the other hand, you can't text your colleagues an important notice, as an email would be a more appropriate way of doing it. Therefore, there are different types of devices that are chosen based on the need, convenience and appropriation of the situation and the people you are communicating with! What are the Different Types of Communication Devices? There are many different types of devices that can be used for effective communication. Based on the direction of the communication, there are 3 types of communication. Firstly, there is the Simplex Communication, wherein only the sender sends the information but is unable to receive any feedback from the receiver, like in a radio or television. Secondly, there is the half duplex system of communication wherein the communication takes place between both the sender and the receiver, but not at the same time, like in case of a telephone. And lastly, we have the full duplex system of communication wherein two people can communicate face to face simultaneously, like in video calling. Mentioned below are the different devices that have made keeping in touch a lot simpler and easier. Types of Verbal Communication Devices As the name suggests, these devices enable people to communicate verbally using languages, sounds and words. They give you a chance to communicate through your voice to the other person. Such communication devices include- • Telephone and Mobile phones • Radio Transmission • Television • Video calling through internet using cell phones, messengers or Skype Types of Non-verbal Communication Devices These devices enable us to communicate using other means other than communicating verbally. It could be trying to convey something through mere gestures, or emotions. Take the poking on the Facebook account that you get from your friends as an example! Some of the most commonly used non-verbal communication devices are- • Social networking sites like Orkut, Facebook, Twitter, etc. • Texting and paging • Electronic mails • Writing letters or sending cards using postal services. (Though it is considered to be old-fashioned and time-consuming, I think it is a very sweet means to communicate with your loved ones) • People also used smoke, pigeons, horses and owls in the olden days to communicate their messages, but that wouldn't be a good idea these days! These devices are used in the modern world to keep in touch with each other, be it personally or professionally! At times I wonder, if it wasn't for the curious mind of us humans, looking for techniques to make life much more comfortable, would it be even possible for us to live in a technological era with so much of advances and luxury?! Anyway, I consider myself to be blessed to have been living in a world where communication doesn't mean traveling for days and months altogether just to know if someone is alright! And thanks to this communication device that I got an opportunity to put this write up across for you guys to read. Aren't communication devices just so wonderful?! ;-) Postal pigeon and mailing envelope. Mobile phone
How email softwares might reveal your location This is not a new thing. It was me who just realised it a couple of days ago. If you are using an email client software like Thunderbird or Outlook then you might have revealed your location, or at least your IP address, unintentionally. Here's how. For those who might not be familiar with technical jargons, these might help: • IP address - A set of digits assigned to your computer when you connect to a network to distinguish you from other people. Just like usual addresses, normally we are assigned "local" IP addresses in schools or workplaces. This means you and your friends might be behind one IP address of your organisation's internet connection. • Internet Service Provider (ISP) - Those companies you pay for you internet connection. Leading ones here in Thailand are TOT, True, and 3BB. Just like normal postal service, email was designed to have a level of traceability. Every email contains some "routing information" in its header. Here's how it looks: example email header And this is no secret. If you use Gmail you can view the header by selecting "Show original" menu. Gmail's show original There should be a similar option (might sound like "view source) in other email services as well. I'm too lazy to capture screenshots from all. So, let's look at what happens when you use an email software: 1. You open the software and type in the receipients and some text. 2. You press "Send". 3. The software connects to a mail server of whatever service you use. 4. The software logs in with your username and password, encrypted or not depending on your configuration. 5. The software sends out your email. At the point that the software connects to the server, your IP address is sent along. It can be found in the email's header like this one. My email header From above, I sent an email from Thunderbird and my IP address was included. You can see both my local IP address ( and my house's IP address ( I can even tell which ISP I use. You might try looking for the word "Received" in your or your friend's email header. The IP address together with the time can be used to determine my account information of the internet connection I use, and that can be uncomfortable. So let's see what we can do about that. • Use a web-based interface: When we use Gmail or Hotmail from the website, we are working on their servers. Our IP addresses in the header would be those of the servers instead. • Use a proxy server, or a VPN: This is a bit more advanced and can be a whole new entry. For now I recommend you to consult Google. There might be some more ways to protect your privacy. If anyone has anything to share you are more than welcome.
What is Logarithm? For example, the base ten logarithm of 100 is 2, because ten raised to the power of two is 100: • log 100 = 2  because  102 = 100 This is an example of a base-ten logarithm. We call it a base ten logarithm because ten is the number that is raised to a power. The base unit is the number being raised to a power. There are logarithms using different base units. If you wanted, you could use two as a base unit. For instance, the base two logarithm of eight is three, because two raised to the power of three equals eight: • log2 8 = 3  because  23 = 8 In general, you write log followed by the base number as a subscript. The most common logarithms are base 10 logarithms and natural logarithms; they have special notations. A base ten log is written log  and a base ten logarithmic equation is usually written in the form:  log a = r A natural logarithm is written ln and a natural logarithmic equation is usually written in the form: ln a = r So, when you see log by itself, it means base ten log. When you see ln, it means natural logarithm (we’ll define natural logarithms below). In this course only base ten and natural logarithms will be used. Bir Cevap Bırakın E-mail adresiniz yayınlanmamaktadır.
Aircraft and Avionics Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Significant Points Nature of Work Many aircraft mechanics, also called airframe mechanics, power plant mechanics, and avionics technicians, specialize in preventive maintenance. They inspect aircraft engines, landing gear, instruments, pressurized sections, accessories—brakes, valves, pumps, and air-conditioning systems, for example—and other parts of the aircraft, and do the necessary maintenance and replacement of parts. They also keep records related to the maintenance performed on the aircraft. Mechanics and technicians conduct inspections following a schedule based on the number of hours the aircraft has flown, calendar days since the last inspection, cycles of operation, or a combination of these factors. In large, sophisticated planes equipped with aircraft monitoring systems, mechanics can gather valuable diagnostic information from electronic boxes and consoles that monitor the aircraft’s basic operations. In planes of all sorts, aircraft mechanics examine engines by working through specially designed openings while standing on ladders or scaffolds or by using hoists or lifts to remove the entire engine from the craft. After taking an engine apart, mechanics use precision instruments to measure parts for wear and use x-ray and magnetic inspection equipment to check for invisible cracks. They repair or replace worn or defective parts. Mechanics also may repair sheet metal or composite surfaces; measure the tension of control cables; and check for corrosion, distortion, and cracks in the fuselage, wings, and tail. After completing all repairs, they must test the equipment to ensure that it works properly. Other mechanics specialize in repair work rather than inspection. They find and fix problems that pilot’s describe. For example, during a preflight check, a pilot may discover that the aircraft’s fuel gauge does not work. To solve the problem, mechanics may troubleshoot the electrical system, using electrical test equipment to make sure that no wires are broken or shorted out, and replace any defective electrical or electronic components. Mechanics work as fast as safety permits so that the aircraft can be put back into service quickly. Some mechanics work on one or many different types of aircraft, such as jets, propeller-driven airplanes, and helicopters. Others specialize in one section of a particular type of aircraft, such as the engine, hydraulics, or electrical system. Airframe mechanics are authorized to work on any part of the aircraft except the instruments, power plants, and propellers. Powerplant mechanics are authorized to work on engines and do limited work on propellers. Combination airframe-and-powerplant mechanics—called A&P mechanics—work on all parts of the plane except the instruments. Most mechanics working on civilian aircraft today are A&P mechanics. In small, independent repair shops, mechanics usually inspect and repair many different types of aircraft. Most workers learn their jobs in 1 of about 170 trade schools certified by the FAA. Most mechanics who work on civilian aircraft are certified by the FAA as an ?airframe mechanic? or a ?powerplant mechanic.? Education and training. Although a few people become mechanics through on-the-job training, most learn their jobs in 1 of about the 170 schools certified by the FAA. About one-third of these schools award 2-year and 4-year degrees in avionics, aviation technology, or aviation maintenance management. Licensure. The FAA requires at least 18 months of work experience for an airframe or powerplant certificate, although completion of a program at an FAA-certified mechanic school can be substituted for the work experience requirement. Mechanics and technicians also must pass an exam for certification and take at least 16 hours of training every 24 months to keep their certificate current. Many mechanics take training courses offered by manufacturers or employers, usually through outside contractors. The FAA also offers a combined certificate that allows for certification as both an airframe and a powerplant mechanic, the A&P certificate. For a combined A&P certificate, mechanics must acquire at least 30 months of experience working with both engines and airframes, or experience combined with the completion of an FAA-certified mechanic school program. FAA regulations also require current work experience to keep the A&P certificate valid. Applicants must have at least 1,000 hours of work experience in the previous 24 months or take a refresher course. Most airlines require that mechanics have a high school diploma and an A&P certificate. Applicants for all certificates must pass written and oral tests and demonstrate that they can do the work authorized by the certificate. Avionics technicians need an FAA mechanics’ certificate. They also must be trained and qualified and have the proper tools to work on avionics equipment. Many have avionics repair experience from the military or from working for avionics manufacturers. Other qualifications. Applicants must be at least 18 years of age. Some aircraft mechanics in the Armed Forces acquire enough general experience to satisfy the work experience requirements for the FAA certificate. With additional study, they may pass the certifying exam. In general, however, jobs in the military services are too specialized to provide the broad experience required by the FAA. Most Armed Forces mechanics have to complete the entire FAA training program, although a few receive some credit for the material they learned in the service. In any case, military experience is a great advantage when seeking employment; employers consider applicants with formal training to be the most desirable applicants. Advances in computer technology, aircraft systems, and the materials used to manufacture airplanes have made mechanics’ jobs more highly technical. Aircraft mechanics must possess the skills necessary to troubleshoot and diagnose complex aircraft systems. They also must continually update their skills with and knowledge of new technology and advances in aircraft technology Advancement. As aircraft mechanics gain experience, they may advance to lead mechanic (or crew chief), inspector, lead inspector, or shop supervisor positions. Opportunities are best for those who have an aircraft inspector’s authorization. To obtain an inspector’s authorization, a mechanic must have held an A&P certificate for at least 3 years, with 24 months of hands-on experience. In the airlines, where promotion often is determined by examination, supervisors sometimes advance to executive positions. Those with broad experience in maintenance and overhaul might become inspectors with the FAA. With additional business and management training, some open their own aircraft maintenance facilities. Mechanics with the necessary pilot licenses and flying experience may take the FAA examination for the position of flight engineer, with opportunities to become pilots. Mechanics and technicians learn many different skills in their training that can be applied to other jobs, and some transfer to other skilled repairer occupations or electronics technician jobs. For example, some avionics technicians continue their education and become aviation engineers, electrical engineers (specializing in circuit design and testing), or communication engineers. Others become repair consultants, in-house electronics designers, or join research groups that test and develop products. Job Outlook Job growth for these mechanics and technicians is expected to be about as fast as the average for all occupations. Job opportunities should be favorable for people who have completed an aircraft mechanic training program, but keen competition is likely for jobs at major airlines. Employment change. Employment is expected to increase by 10 percent during the 2006-16 period, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Passenger traffic is expected to increase as the result of an expanding economy and a growing population, and the need for aircraft mechanics and service technicians will grow accordingly. Job opportunities will continue to be the best at small commuter and regional airlines, at FAA repair stations, and in general aviation. Commuter and regional airlines is the fastest growing segment of the air transportation industry, but wages in these airlines tend to be lower than those in the major airlines, so they attract fewer job applicants. Also, some jobs will become available as experienced mechanics leave for higher paying jobs with the major airlines or transfer to other occupations. At the same time, general aviation aircraft are becoming increasingly sophisticated, boosting the demand for qualified mechanics. Mechanics will face more competition for jobs with large airlines because the high wages and travel benefits that these jobs offer generally attract more qualified applicants than there are openings. Also, there is an increasing trend for large airlines to outsource aircraft and avionics equipment mechanic jobs overseas; however, most airline companies prefer that aircraft maintenance be performed in the U.S. because overseas contractors may not comply with more stringent U.S. safety regulations. Avionics technicians who do not have FAA certification, but who are prepared to master the intricacies of the aircraft while working with certified A&P mechanics, should have good opportunities. However, certified technicians who are trained to work with complex aircraft systems, performing some duties normally performed by certified A&P mechanics, should have the best job prospects. Additionally, technicians with licensing that enables them to work on the airplane, either removing or reinstalling equipment, are expected to be in especially high demand. Projections Data Projections data from the National Employment Matrix Occupational title SOC Code Employment, 2006 Change, 2006-16 Detailed statistics Aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service technicians Avionics technicians zipped XLS Aircraft mechanics and service technicians zipped XLS Median hourly earnings of aircraft mechanics and service technicians were about $22.95 in May 2006. The middle 50 percent earned between $18.96 and $28.12. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $14.94, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $34.51. Median hourly earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of aircraft mechanics and service technicians in May 2006 were: Scheduled air transportation$27.46 Nonscheduled air transportation23.33 Federal Government23.19 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing21.58 Support activities for air transportation19.57 Median hourly earnings of avionics technicians were about $22.57 in May 2006. The middle 50 percent earned between $19.02 and $26.65. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $15.65, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $30.33. Mechanics who work on jets for the major airlines generally earn more than those working on other aircraft. Those who graduate from an aviation maintenance technician school often earn higher starting salaries than individuals who receive training in the Armed Forces or on the job. Airline mechanics and their immediate families receive reduced-fare transportation on their own and most other airlines. Related Occupations Sources of Additional Information For general information about aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service technicians, contact: • Professional Aviation Maintenance Association, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096. Internet: Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook
Music and Politics by Leon Botstein The horror, destruction, and cruelty that persist, particularly in this past year in Ukraine and Gaza, have properly forced raw politics into the center of our attention. By coincidence, in two of the countries tied to these conflicts, there are prominent musicians who are public figures, Valery Gergiev and Daniel Barenboim. As conductors, they are highly visible, and both of them have become controversial. Gergiev has been criticized for supporting Vladimir Putin and failing to use his international stature and well-earned reputation as a Russian patriot to combat restrictions within Russia on civil liberties, freedom of expression and assembly, and to combat xenophobia and discrimination against the Lesbian, gay, and transgender community. Barenboim, although lionized by the Israeli public as a performer, has been taken to task for his fierce and longstanding advocacy forthe rights of the Palestinians and his criticism of the Israeli government. By their actions as leading citizens of their respective countries, these two star performers raise the question of the connection between music and politics. Music has occupied an ambiguous place as a public art form. In the tradition of Western music, particularly as it flourished during the 19th century, music was a widespread and popular activity. Music was not only about going to concerts and the opera; listening to professionals perform emerged from amateurs who played and sang at home and in the closed circle of private societies. In the repressive regimes that dominated Europe between 1815 and 1848, musical culture assumed a privileged place. The forms of music, particularly symphonic and chamber music but also choral music, appeared to censors in a police state as innocent and devoid of politically dangerous content when compared to literature and the visual arts. (Even so, the manuscript of Schubert’s 1823 opera of the Medieval Christian-Moslem conflict, Fierrabras, is studded with changes demanded by the censors, although it was never produced in the composer’s lifetime.) Even though political freedom was restricted, music was to a greater degree exempt and thereby assumed a distinct appeal as an arena of human expression at once both abstract and emotional and deeply personal, but devoid of any unambiguous content or meaning that could threaten or challenge political authority. These circumstances helped lend credibility to the mid-19th-century aesthetic theory that declared music to be a self-referential aesthetic system without any explicit correlation to images and words and, therefore,ordinary meaning: the notion of “absolute music.” Music achieved the status of appearing to be—on its own and without words—entirely apolitical. There was, of course, a potent challenge to this construct of the nature of music that came from Liszt and Wagner, both of whom were decidedly politically engaged—Liszt in the Hungarian national movement, and Wagner on behalf of the aspirations of the new German nation after 1870. Wagner’s extraordinary success and impact, particularly the unprecedented popularity he achieved through his music, rendered the supposition that music is inherently apolitical an illusion. Music as an activity and as entertainment turned out to be crucial to the development of various late 19th-century nationalisms. In the German-speaking world, the Wagnerian came to define the German. Dvořák and Smetana became central to fashioning a Czech identity, just as the Mighty Five in Russia became successful protagonists of what they regarded to be the essence of the distinctive Russian spirit. The popularity and centrality of musical culture as a social phenomenon was not lost on the dictators of the 20th century. Stalin and Hitler were notorious lovers of music. For Hitler, music was at the core of the Nazi aspiration to create a new Aryan sensibility. His favorite composers were Wagner and Bruckner. Stalin was, de facto, the Soviet Union’s chief music critic. He castigated Shostakovich’s incipient modernism in the mid-1930s, and backed the notorious Zhdanov decrees of 1948 that excoriated formalism not only in Shostakovich but Miaskovsky and Prokofiev as well. The intersection of music and politics during the 1930s was not limited to tyrannies. In the United States, Aaron Copland, Marc Blitzstein, and Roy Harris took political considerations into account in their search for distinctive voices as composers; they sought to reconcile aesthetic modernism with political advocacy for social justice and equality. Like their Weimar Republic contemporaries Kurt Weill and Hanns Eisler, they had second thoughts about the virtues of a musical modernism rooted in progressive aesthetic criteria whose radical character alienated the audience and held, in particular, no attraction for the working classes. It may have been chic to “épater le bourgeois,” but to have no public at large seemed both ironic and elitist. Throughout the 20th century the connection between politics and music was not limited to the work of composers. Early in the century the balance of musical life and the attention of the general public had shifted from an interest in new music to the performance of canonic music from the past. Much to the ire of Schoenberg and Stravinsky, the musicians who made the most money and garnered the greatest public attention were no longer composers but performers. The star performers of the mid-20th century became music’s ambassadors, the key public figures of the day. Consequently their political engagement came under scrutiny. Toscanini was honored as an Italian patriot who was an ardent anti-Fascist. Ignace Paderewski took on the mantle of Polish national liberation and became the new nation’s first president. Yehudi Menuhin defended himself against criticismcelebrating the dream of the musician as citizen of the world by ostentatiously embracing former Nazis as colleagues immediately after the war. Rafael Kubelik and Rudolf Firkusny were stalwart opponents of the post-war Soviet domination of Czechoslovakia, and they returned after 1989 as heroes. A host of German artists, notably Walter Gieseking, Karl Böhm, Herbert von Karajan, and Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, collaborated with the Nazis with embarrassing enthusiasm, as did the Dutch conductor Willem Mengelberg. Wilhelm Furtwängler’s post-1933 politics became a hotly debated subject in the immediate years following the war, as was Ernő Dohnányi’s wartime behavior in Hungary. Oddly enough, in the United States, during the heyday of modernism in the 1950s, the image of the musician as inherently apolitical became the norm. The most prominent musicians in the U.S. after World War II came as refugees; they understandably felt that engaging in American politics was inappropriate. Leonard Bernstein was an exception to the image of the musician as above politics within the generation of American-born musicians that attained prominence in the 1950s. Bernstein may also have been the last highly visible American classical musician to speak out on political matters. He did so mostly during the 1950s and 1960s, before his retirement from the New York Philharmonic. In 1970, a few months after his retirement, he was famously excoriated for expressing solidarity with the Black Panthers and was the inspiration for the phrase “radical chic.” To his credit, however, Bernstein believed that music mattered, and that as a public figure he had an obligation to speak his mind on crucial issues in American politics, including McCarthyism and Civil Rights. It is a sad commentary on the decline of the importance and prestige of classical musicians that, in the United States, so few classical musicians are currently active in the political life of the nation, hiding unchallenged behind the blithe assumption that music is a world apart. They exploit the false distinction between the “musical” and the “extra-musical,” a distinction that is artificial and defies the simple truth so eloquently expressed by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein that music is “a form of life” much like any other. Although orchestras and opera houses are supported indirectly by the state through tax exemptions for philanthropy, and are constituent institutions of civil society performing a public function, the number of prominent conductors and star soloists who now speak out on political questions can barely be counted on one hand. At the same time, music critics and the public in this country take aim not at the silence of American musicians in matters of politics, but at Gergiev, Barenboim, and most recently Gustavo Dudamel, the charismatic music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. The one exception in this respect in today’s debate regarding the intersection between politics and classical music is the American composer John Adams, whose operas have consistently had political overtones if not political content. The most controversial of these is The Death of Klinghoffer, premiered in 1991, the argument of which deals not with American politics but the Arab-Israeli conflict and an act of terrorism dating from the 1980s. The Metropolitan Opera scheduled a production for this coming season, but backed away from disseminating it through its HD network for fear of offending the wider public. For a variety of understandable reasons, the Met settled on a compromise and declined to confront the politics surrounding the opera’s purported message. Apart from the Met’s Klinghoffercontroversy, most of the attention in the American press regarding music and politics has focused on Gergiev and Dudamel. In Gergiev’s case, the irony is that he has consistently displayed a fierce patriotism as a Russian in a manner consistent with his advocacy of the Russian repertoire, particularly rare operas. His tireless efforts on behalf of the Mariinsky Theater, which he has led since 1988, and the musical life of St. Petersburg are immense. Americans as outsiders may not like his politics, but he is to be admired for stepping out of the protected realm of his own career to try to sustain a vital musical culture in post-Communist Russia. He is part of a tradition more than a century old in which Russian musicians have not shied away from being controversial political figures. The politics Gergiev defends may merit criticism, but not his political engagement. The more complicated case is that of Dudamel, the finest alumnus of Venezuela’s legendary El Sistema program. The program was founded 40 years agoby José Antonio Abreu, a brilliant academic and musician and, above all, a superlative and idealistic politician. He started it under the regime of Carlos Andrés Pérez and saw it flourish after 1999 during the era of Hugo Chávez. It continues to be the object of extensive patronage by the Maduro regime. Abreu’s program now reaches over 400,000 Venezuelans, primarily children and young adults from the poorest areas of the country. Abreu found a way to use music education and participation in musical ensembles, incorporating the Western classical tradition, to do more than teach music. El Sistema is a program that provides social mobility and hope, and an avenue out of poverty and ignorance. Abreu has done so by placing music at the core of a social program rather than an arts program, and by working with regimes considered undemocratic, populist, and unsavory. He has embraced one of the toughest challenges in public life: to live with compromise on behalf of long-term public good, and to take the long view about what needs to be done in order to lay a better foundation for a political future based on social justice and freedom. El Sistema would never have had its impact on the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals had it not been for Abreu’s ability to muster massive public support and shun the role of public critic. El Sistema has taken a place in Venezuelan national identity usually reserved for sports teams. This is no trivial accomplishment. To speak out against tyranny, war, and injustice certainly takes courage, since speech is a form of action. But to establish a program with deep roots in society that develops the minds and skills of underserved and impoverished people on a massive scale takes an altogether different form of courage. Dudamel is crucial to El Sistema’s survival after Abreu. Dudamel, unlike Gergiev, is not active in politics. His unambiguous commitment is to El Sistema in Venezuela and to its adaptation in the context of the United States, as his work in Los Angeles shows. Criticism of his unwillingness to take the expected and seemingly straightforward step of rebuking the Venezuelan government and to reject the desire of a still quite popular regime to spotlight him as the pride of Venezuela is misplaced. Like Abreu, Dudamel appears to have taken the long view. The short-term publicity that might redoundto his benefit for being critical of the current regime would perhaps endear him to a class of liberal music lovers in North America and Europe, but it could alienate him from his countrymen and imperil the essential government support for El Sistema. The American criticism of Dudamel (and for that matter Gergiev) poorly camouflages the profound paradox among our fellow citizens who have chosen to speak out against both of them. Where is the outspoken engagement by musicians here at home? Where is the outrage at the deafening silence among our own classical musicians of prominence, concerning the shortcomings of our politics and government or on behalf of causes related to this country’s predicaments? Where are the voices of musicians in positions of leadership on behalf of the rising and corrosive inequality of wealth in the United States? Where are the voices among musicians on behalf of the improvement of public education? Where in the United States are the leaders in the classical-music establishment pioneering and developing programs of arts education that are more than decorative “outreach” efforts, that are insteadsystemic collaborations with schools and other institutions on behalf of the least well-served populations in the United States? Speaking truth to power, as the phrase goes, is hard. Working on behalf of improving the lot of our less fortunate fellow citizens is even harder. Gergiev and Dudamel, in quite different ways, have shown commitment to the potential role of musical culture in advancing the well-being of their respective communities and nations. Would we benefit from less moralizing about the political role played by star performers in other countries, and more attention to what musicians in the United States can do in our own country to make progress in the key areas of education, social mobility, and, finally, privacy and freedom of expression? The argument against taking this point of view rests primarily on our view of the past, primarily the legacy of political collaboration by musicians with Hitler and Stalin. Musicians and music lovers find themselves caught in a bind when they contemplate the music of Shostakovich, Prokofiev, and Strauss on the one hand, and on the other are forced to make a candid assessment of the political behavior of these three great composers. We are not consistent in how we balance politics with aesthetic judgment. Hans Pfitzner’s music is performed more than the music by Karl Amadeus Hartmann. Pfitzner was an enthusiastic Nazi, and a fine composer. Hartmann was a far greater composer and one of the few heroic non-Jewish anti-Nazis; during the 1930s and 1940s he sacrificed his career by refusing to collaborate. When we criticize Gergiev and Dudamel, we think we are trying to show that we have learned the lessons taught by the cases of Furtwängler, Karajan, and Böhm. Yet have we? Each of these three had successful post-war careers. Their legacies are still cherished today. Even Leonard Bernstein, a proud Jew and supporter of Israel saw no difficulty lavishing inordinate praise on Böhm, whose wartime behavior was utterly reprehensible. A similar inconsistency extends to Israel, where a ban on the music of Wagner (who died in 1883, before Hitler was born) remains in effect, and yet Carl Orff’s Carmina Burana, a work written during the Third Reich explicitly calculated to celebrate Nazi ideology and aesthetics, is performed in Israel without comment. This dissonance between moral and political judgments, and aesthetic preferences may not apply to the cases of Gergiev and Dudamel. They are doing more than simply burnishing their résumés and advancing their careers. In an imperfect and troublesome political context, rife with thorny ethical implications, they have chosen to work on behalf of the public good in their countries through music and education, by siding with a politics many may not admire, for good reason. Instead of focusing our attention on them, we ought to turn our attention to the situation here in the United States. We should call on our fellow musicians to speak and work, as musicians, in the public sphere on the tough task of advancing the causes of good government, social justice, and individual liberty—the core values of democracy. A version of this article appeared in Musical America 2015 Edition. Read online here
Weather and Climate Multiple Choice Questions and Answers 4 PDF Book Download Weather and climate multiple choice questions (MCQs), weather and climate quiz answers 4 to learn elementary school earth science courses online. Tropical zone MCQs, weather and climate quiz questions and answers for online school degrees. Thunderstorms, fronts, solar energy, humidity test for teacher certification. Learn elementary school earth science multiple choice questions (MCQs): Thunderstorms, fronts, solar energy, humidity, with choices warm fronts, cold fronts, occluded fronts, and stationary fronts for online school degrees. Free earth-science study guide for online learning tropical zone quiz questions to attempt multiple choice questions based test. MCQ on Weather and Climate Worksheets 4 PDF Book Download MCQ: A small rotating column which is destructive containing high speed winds and touches ground is called 1. hurricane 2. tornado 3. spiral 4. twister MCQ: A front which is static and brings cloudy wet weather is the 1. cold fronts 2. warm fronts 3. occluded fronts 4. stationary fronts 1. longitudes 2. latitudes 3. altitude 4. tropics MCQ: As soon hurricane moves over land or colder water it begins to 1. flourish 2. develop 3. die 4. increase MCQ: Amount of water vapor in air is regarded as 1. water vapor 2. humidity 3. mildness 4. pressure
The effects of Crocus sativus (Saffron) and its constituents on nervous system Saffron and its constituents ( Crocin and Crocetin) has noticeable effects on nervous system: Crocus sativus L (C. sativus), commonly known as saffron, is a small perennial plant belonging to the family of Iridaceas. This plant is cultivated in many countries including Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and Spain. The stigmas of Crocus sativus are known to contain carotenoids, α-crocetin and glycoside crocin (responsible for saffron yellow color) and picrocrocin, the aglyconesafranal (responsible for saffron aroma), the antioxidant carotenoids lycopene and zeaxanthin and vitamin B2. It has been shown that Crocus sativus stigma aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin but not safranal enhanced the sexual activity in male rats. Saffron and its and safranal are also shown to be potent oxygen radical scavengers. saffron - crocin - nervous - In traditional medicine, Crocus sativus has been frequently used as an herbal sedative, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic, anticatarrhal, eupeptic, gingival sedative and emmenagogue. Crocus sativus was experimentally shown to be effective in relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Aqueous (500 mg/kg) and ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus petals reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Administration of the aqueous extract of saffron petals (500 mg/kg) reduced blood pressure from 133.5 ± 3.9 to 117±2.1 mmHg in rats. This reduction was postulated to be due to the effect of the extracts on the heart itself, total peripheral resistance or both. In rats isolated vas deferens, contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were decreased by the petals extracts. EFS-induced contractions of vas deferens were shown to be mediated by noradrenaline and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released as co-transmitters from sympathetic nerves . The ethanolic extract made more pronounced changes in EFS in rats isolated vas deferens whereas in guinea pig ileum, the aqueous extract of the plant was more effective. Crocin analogs isolated from saffron remarkably increased the blood flow in the retina and choroid and facilitated retinal function recovery; therefore, it could be used to treat ischemic retinopathy and/or age-related macular degeneration. saffron - crocin - crocetin - cardioprotective - Crocus sativus - blood pressure - One study suggested that saffron exerted a significant cardioprotective effect by preserving hemodynamics and left ventricular functions. Administration of Crocus sativus extractinpatients who had normal white blood cells (WBC) count, significantly increased WBC compared to crocin or placebo. Moreover, other hematologic factors were not changed significantly during 3 months of the study. A potent stimulatory effect of Crocus sativus extract and safranal on adrenoreceptors has also been reported. In addition, blocking effect of safranal on muscarinic receptors and the inhibitory effect of Crocus sativus on histamine receptors was reported, which proposed a competitive antagonistic effect for C. sativus on histamine receptors. An in vitro study showed the inhibitory activity of saffron and crocin on amyloid beta-peptide brillogenesis and its protective action against H2O2–induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. Additionally, administration of saffron (60 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) to normal and aged mice for one week, significantly improved learning and memory. Also, in vitro studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effects of saffron and its constituents in amnesic and ischemic rat models. Share this article with others: Rate this article or write your opinion about it: Your rate to this article: Back to blog archive.
MOOC Advertisement Learn More: Get An Introduction to Reproduction Get Started! The fallopian tubes, also know as uterine tubes, are two thin tubes that connect the ovaries and uterus. An ovum (egg) that is released from an ovary will travel through a fallopian tube and into the uterus. Each fallopian tube is comprised of three sections: the isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum. Fecundity is a term that refers to the potential for successful reproduction. Fertility is the ability to conceive a baby. Fertility preservation is the use of specific medical interventions to protect the fertility of individuals whose disease or disease treatment may lead to infertility. Fertilization is the event that occurs when a sperm and an egg unite to produce a zygote. During normal fertilization, the haploid male and female gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote. A fertilization membrane is a membrane that forms around the egg after fertilization in order to prevent polyspermy. A fetal membrane is the tissue surrounding the fetus that works to protect, nourish, and assist in the excretion and respiration of the developing fetus. The fetal membranes include the chorion, amnion, and allantois. Healthy fetal membranes are required for favorable pregnancy outcomes. A fibroid, also known as a uterine leiomyoma, is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor of the uterus. Fibroids are fairly common, occurring in 20-40% of women. They are typically asymptomatic but can result in painful intercourse, heavy menstruation, frequent urination, and, rarely, infertility. Fimbria is a fringe or fingerlike structure located at the ends of fallopian tubes. Fimbriae facilitate egg movement through the fallopian tubes. Fixation is the process of preserving tissue through chemical means to retain its structure. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is important for women to take before becoming pregnant and in the early weeks after fertilization occurs. 400 micrograms of folic acid a day is proven to help prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), which are brain defects of the spinal cord and brain that occur in the first trimester of development. The follicle is the basic functional unit of the ovary. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone made by the pituitary gland that affects the gonads (female ovaries and males testes). In females, it stimulates growth of the ovarian follicles. Follicular fluid is a liquid component present inside the antrum of a mature follicle, surrounding the oocyte. The follicular fluid contains hyaluronic acid. The follicular phase is the portion of the menstrual cycle in which the ovarian follicle develops and matures. This half of the menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menses and ends with ovulation. The follicular phase is characterized by a gradual rise in the steroid hormone, estrogen.  Follistatin is a protein that binds to the hormone activin. It is produced in the ovary and pituitary gland and is one of several proteins that regulate FSH secretion by controlling the activating hormone, activin.
Cooperative Learning Lesson With a dash of Kagan Lesson Specifics • Content: The content of this lesson was reading. I teach at a SFA school and the SFA lessons already have a lot of cooperative learning components in them but I just added a few things and sprinkled in a few Kagan structures along the way! We just started the novel Cam Jansen and the mystery of the Stolen Corn Popper. This is the first lesson of the 6 day cycle. • Grade Level: I teach 4th grade but in my reading class I have a mix of 3rd and 4th graders based on their reading level. • School: Grandview Elementary • #number of students: 17 • Students are in groups of 3 or 4. They are based off of the students scores so each group has a H-HM-LM-L or H-HM-LM or HM-LM-L. (The groups of 3 have a couple of different combinations.) Positive Interdependence My lesson included positive interdependence because my reading instruction is based around team work. The teams are able to earn points based on staying on task, doing the right thing, showing team work, and having really good write-on questions. The point factor really motivates the students to do their best and work hard so they can earn points for their team. At the end of the cycle, the team that has the most points is the "Super Team" and they get a special prize. If one teammate does not do their part, they could risk the chance of not earning points for their team. The students really get into it and it is fun to watch them get excited to earn point for their team. Individual and Group Accountability For each new cycle, the groups set a team goal for themselves. It could be "everyone contributes" or "take turns" or even to earn so many points for each day. They discuss what it is going to take to earn these points and figure out what each of them needs to do so that they can be successful. At the beginning of the year a lot of students struggle with this but as time goes on and we do more and more cycles, they become good at learning from the mistakes they made the last time and what they want their next goal to be. Not only do they have to think about their own personal actions, they need to decide as a team what their focus should be on. Group Processing In this picture is an example of how I used group processing at the end of my lesson. I really like this reflecting piece because sometimes it brings things to my attention that I might have missed when I was teaching or working with another group. I feel like my students do a good job of honestly telling me what they did well and what their group members did well. It seems to be very beneficial for the students to spend some time reflecting on how well they participated during class that day. Big image Social Skills This lesson had many opportunities for social and interpersonal skills. Even though there is a slight competitive aspect during my reading time, the main goal is for the group to successfully discuss and answer questions over what they are reading as a team. It is so exciting to see my students thrive in the group setting and become better at communicating with each other along the way. Big image Promotive Interaction: Face to Face This picture shows an example of students having a promotive interaction that is face to face. They are sharing their "write-on" answers with each other using the Kagan Strategy Timed-pair-share. After they share, the other partner praises or gives them constructive criticism to help do a better job the next time. These two students are not on the same team so they were apart of different team talks. This gives them a new perspective to the question and also a glimpse at how the other team discussed the answer. Even though I use the timed-pair-share with this structure during this lesson, I feel as though it would be easy to incorporate many different Kagan structures for this piece of Cooperative Learning. Big image Here are some examples of Kagan structures that are frequently used in Miss Porter's Classroom I felt like this lesson was a success for the most part. My students were actively engaged and we were able to complete most of what I planned to cover for this lesson. They were able to have really great team talk with each other and formed great questions, since that was the skill that we are focusing on for this cycle. AND do-overs! There were a few parts that I did not quite get to in my allotted reading time. I feel like I spent a little longer on some of the sections, which did not allow me to do a few of the activities at the end of the lesson. Otherwise, my students and myself have really enjoyed incorporating cooperative learning and Kagan structures in my lessons. I was able to take a lot away from being apart of this program.
Scientists develop transparent patch to detect dangerous food threats Real-time monitoring of food contamination. Researchers Hanie Yousefi and Thid Didar examine a transparent patch, which can be used in packaging to detect pathogens on food. McMaster scientists have built up a test to convey conviction to the fragile however basic inquiry of whether meat and different sustenances are protected to eat or should be tossed out. Mechanical and compound architects at McMaster, working intimately with organic chemists from crosswise over grounds, have teamed up to build up a straightforward test fix, printed with safe atoms, that can flag sullying as it happens. The fix can be fused specifically into nourishment bundling, where it can screen the substance for unsafe pathogens, for example, E. coli and Salmonella. The new innovation, portrayed today in the exploration journal ACS Nano, can possibly supplant the conventional “best previously” date on nourishment and beverages alike with an authoritative sign that it’s a great opportunity to toss that meal or spill out that drain. On the off chance that a pathogen is available in the nourishment or drink inside the bundle, it would trigger a flag in the bundling that could be perused by a cell phone or other straightforward gadget. The test itself does not influence the substance of the bundle. As per the World Health Organization, foodborne pathogens result in roughly 600 million diseases and 420,000 passings for each year. Around 30 for each penny of those cases include kids five years of age and more youthful. The scientists are naming the new material “Sentinel Wrap” in tribute to the McMaster-based Sentinel Bioactive Paper Network, an interdisciplinary research arrange that took a shot at paper-based recognition frameworks. That system’s examination, at last, offered to ascend to the new nourishment testing innovation. Substance design Carlos Filipe and mechanical-biomedical specialist Tohid Didar worked together intently on the new discovery venture. The flagging innovation for the sustenance test was produced in the McMaster labs of natural chemist Yingfu Li. Filipe said, “He created the key, and we have built a lock and a door to go with it.” Didar said, “A food manufacturer could easily incorporate this into its production process.” Scientists noted, “Mass producing such a patch would be fairly cheap and simple, as the DNA molecules that detect food pathogens can be printed onto the test material.” “Getting the invention to market would need a commercial partner and regulatory approvals. They point out that the same technology could also be used in other applications, such as bandages to indicate if wounds are infected, or for wrapping surgical instruments to assure they are sterile.”
Importance of the Magna Carta to the US Constitution Parchment Replica the Magna Carta of King John Roel Smart/E+/Getty Images The Magna Carta, meaning “Great Charter,” is one of the most impactful documents ever written. Originally issued in 1215 by King John of England as a way of dealing with his own political crisis, the Magna Carta was the first governmental decree establishing the principle that all people — including the king — were equally subject to the law.  Seen by many political scientists as the founding document for modern western constitutional government, the Magna Carta had a significant impact on the American Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the constitutions of various U.S. states. To a large degree, its influence is reflected in the beliefs held by eighteenth-century Americans that the Magna Carta affirmed their rights against oppressive rulers. In keeping with colonial Americans general distrust of sovereign authority, most early state constitutions included declarations of rights retained by individual citizens and lists of protections and immunities from the powers of the state government. Due in part to this conviction to individual liberty first embodied in the Magna Carta, the newly-formed United States also adopted the Bill of Rights. The exact phrase from the Magna Carta referring to “due process of law” reads: “No man of what state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements nor taken nor disinherited, nor put to death, without he be brought to answer by due process of law.” In addition, many broader constitutional principles and doctrines have their roots in America ’s eighteenth-century interpretation of the Magna Carta, such as the theory of representative government, the idea of a supreme law, a government based on a clear separation of powers, and the doctrine of judicial review of legislative and executive acts. Today, evidence of the influence of the Magna Carta on the American system of government can be found in several key documents. Journal of the Continental Congress In September and October 1774, the delegates to the first Continental Congress drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, in which the colonists demanded the same liberties guaranteed to them under “the principles of the English constitution, and the several charters or compacts.” They demanded self-government, freedom from taxation without representation, the right to a trial by a jury of their own countrymen, and their enjoyment of “life, liberty, and property” free from interference from the English crown. At the bottom of this document, the delegates cite the “Magna Carta” as a source. The Federalist Papers Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, and published anonymously between October 1787 and May 1788, the Federalist Papers were a series of eighty-five articles intended to build support for adoption of the U.S. Constitution. Despite the widespread adoption of declarations of individual rights in state constitutions, several members of the Constitutional Convention generally opposed adding a bill of rights to the federal Constitution. In Federalist No. 84, Hamilton, argued against the inclusion of a bill of rights, stating: “Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing; and as they retain everything they have no need of particular reservations.” In the end, however, the Anti-Federalists prevailed and the Bill of Rights — based largely on the Magna Carta — was appended to the Constitution in order to secure its final ratification by the states. The Bill of Rights as Proposed The first twelve, rather than ten, amendments to the Constitution originally proposed by Congress in 1791were strongly influenced by the state of Virginia’s Declaration of Rights of 1776, which incorporated a number of the protections of the Magna Carta. The fourth through eighth articles of the Bill of Rights as ratified most directly reflect these protections, ensuring speedy trials by juries, proportionate humane punishment, and due process of law. Creating the Magna Carta In 1215, King John was on the British throne. After a falling out with the Pope over who should be the archbishop of Canterbury was excommunicated. In order to get back in the Pope's good graces, he was required to pay money to the Pope. Further, King John desired to lands he had lost in present-day France. In order to pay the fees and wage war, King John imposed heavy taxes on his subjects. The English barons fought back, forcing a meeting with the King at Runnymede near Windsor. At this meeting, King John was coerced into signing the Charter which protected some of their basic rights against royal actions. Key Provisions of the Magna Carta Following are some of the key items that were included in the Magna Carta: • Habeas Corpus or the right to due process was first written down in the Charter. It only allowed free men to be imprisoned and punished upon lawful judgment by a jury of their peers. • Justice could not be sold, denied, or delayed. • If the King wanted to call the Common Council, he had to give the barons, church officials, landowners, sheriffs, and bailiffs 40 days notice with a stated purpose for why it was being called. • Bailiffs and constables could not appropriate possessions. • The king would not be allowed to have a mercenary army. In feudalism, the barons were the army. If the king had his own army, he would have the power to do what he wanted against the barons. • As stated previously, the king himself was placed under the law of the land. Location of Documents Today Updated by Robert Longley
Turning Points of WW2 – Battle of Kursk To continue our series of Turning Points of WW2 we are next going to look at the largest tank battle in history: Kursk State of play beforehand The Axis offensive against the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, was stalling. They had been met with a resilient defence trying to capture Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad. However, just one breakthrough could end all of the Soviet resistance in one fell swoop. Germany’s allies had been used to quick and decisive victories. They were growing weary of suddenly losing battles and were becoming increasingly wary of overall defeat in the war. Hitler had decided to have one massive push against the Soviets in a bid to get them out of the War and concentrate on the renewed vigour coming from the Western Front, especially with reports of an imminent invasion. Why didn’t it work for the Axis Through the espionage done by the Lucy Spy Ring and verified by their spy based in Bletchley Park, the Soviets knew where the attack would happen so were able to make heavy defensive plans and they even managed plans for a counter offensive strike. The Germans didn’t try any deception here. Their plan was the obvious option for attack which further helped Soviet planning. Hitler and Stalin both had different ideas as to how to run the battle compared to their respective Generals. However, whilst Stalin listened to their advice, Hitler ignored his own advisors. The reserve troops the Germans had planned to send to Kursk to push through to victory had to be diverted to Italy after the Allies invasion of Sicily. This meant the resources needed to win were not available. Why considered a turning point Winning the battle of Kursk gave Stalin the leverage he needed at the Tehran Conference to force the UK and the US to invade France sooner than they wanted to. A decisive defeat for the Nazis on the Eastern Front, the last attack they would be able to make there. The Germans also lost a lot of ground following the Soviet counter offensive. The battle was also a huge loss of material for the Germans, who were beginning to struggle for resources. At the end of the series, we’ll have a vote to see which of the featured events you think is the most significant. Will Kursk be your choice? Leave a Reply
Definition of refers in English Dictionary • VerbBFreferPRreferringPT, PPreferredPREré-SUF-ers 1. third-person singular simple present indicative form of refer. 2. More Examples 1. Used in the Middle of Sentence • Janensch [5 ] identified them simply as being presacrals; he referred specifically to the vertebrae in block III as trunk vertebrae but did not identify their position more specifically. • Whether regular or occasional, all the participants referred to self-fumigation as the most effective preventive measure to control bug presence in intradomiciles. • Part-of-Speech Hierarchy 1. Verbs • Verb forms • Verb singular forms • Third-person singular forms Other Vocabulary Look-Alike Words 1. en refer 2. en prefers 3. fr refera 4. fr réfère 5. fr référa Source: Wiktionary  0 0 Meaning of refers for the defined word. Grammatically, this word "refers" is a verb, more specifically, a verb form. Definiteness: Level 1 Definite    ➨     Versatile
Leek Garden- The Useful Blog for Gardener If you have pretty garden and you want to plant vegetables and flowers in the garden but you don’t know the right way to plant and take care them as well or the best vegetable for your garden, Leek Garden is the best choice for you. Our blog is not only provide necessary information about garden, we also bring tips for plant vegetable for your garden following your way. Therefore, spending time to visit our website or read the useful blog of the website will help you have right look about gardening. It is the reason why, we spend the post to introduce useful tips for important notes when starting to grow vegetables in the garden. 1. Do not plant too early All those who start planting trees in the house are eagerly made immediately. You easily sow seeds immediately or sow seedlings to the ground. However, that impatience will inadvertently harm the plant if you are not prepared for the growth conditions that the plants need, or the seed does not have enough time to sow. Therefore, you should keep calm when planting the vegetable to make sure that you will have wonderful garden. 1. Choosing the position There are two factors you need to consider about gardening including water and light. You should choose a location close to the source of water for irrigation and choose a direction that is illuminated for at least 6 hours a day. In the absence of light, the vegetables will grow more hard, less fruit with the roots and less sweet than healthy plants. 1. Pay close attention to the quality of the soil The most common mistake of garden growers is to ignore the soil type or vice versa, too eager and too careful to provide over-nutrition to the plant. Note that all plants require nutrients, but each requires different amounts of nutrients and soil fertility. Therefore, this is the first important element you need to know before you want to grow a plant if you want them to grow healthy, blooming flowers and fruit. After selecting the type of soil suitable for the crop, regular soil care is also important to ensure a stable source of nutrients for the crop. Good soil also nourishes soil-rich microorganisms as a source of nutrients for plants and limits the incidence of plant disease. 1. Irrigation is reasonable Watering too little or too much is a common mistake in how to care for the land. Plants need water to grow and metabolize nutrients; But if you give the plants too little water, the plants will wither and too much water, the tree will rot root. Therefore, you need to know what kind of vegetables need water every day. Furthermore, watering is also important. Most vegetables need to be thoroughly watered 1-3 times a week. If the watering is too shallow, the roots will only grow near the ground without digging into the ground to absorb water and nutrients. 1. Grow enough trees We are more susceptible to the tendency to grow more than necessary, leading to the situation including too many trees on a piece of land, planting too many varieties at the same time, and not consuming all the vegetables planted in one batch. Therefore, you need to pay attention to sowing seeds in accordance with the guidelines of the distance as well as understand the necessary distance between the trees. Moreover, you also should not start growing many vegetables at the same time which will make you difficult to care for and difficult to control so that all types are healthy. First you should choose the vegetables you like, then gradually grow other types or gradually expand the garden if conditions. You should remember that if you do not consume all the mature vegetables or mature ripe fruits, you remember to harvest them to avoid wasting soil and plants. Random Posts
Understanding What Is a Range in Math Introducing What Is a Range in Math So to be able to be in a position to convey messages and make experiences, it’s important to have developed Visualization and mapping abilities. The library is really simple. Introduction A 10-minute summary of the elements of the video library. The great teacher explains. At times, books may offer unique formulas for variance. Allow me to offer you an example. There are two types of scientific calculator, the most recent type being algebraic scientific calculators. Unfortunately, in addition, there are some tricky scenarios that require more idea to figure out the range working with the rules alone. To put it differently, the scope of a whole function is either the entire plane or the entire plane minus a point. When there is lots of variation your process may not be that capable in any respect. In some instances, thousands of such messages are likely to inbox. The localities decide the budget and for this reason you ought to find more information regarding the price trends according to location, prior to making a purchase. While it is not popular yet, I aspire to see biodynamic produce hit the shelves. It is possible to just count in from both ends of the list till you meet in the center, if you would like, particularly if your list is short. Bittrex will do some math calculations for you, so, you may sell an arbitrary quantity of the desired unit or you may sell the utmost amount readily available in your wallet. You’ll see that there’s a larger difference between the numbers in the second set of information versus the very first set of information. Remember, however, that it is not the same as the range. Musk himself stated he worked approximately 100 hours per week for more than 15 decades and recently scaled down to 85 hours. It’s a perfectly useable letter. To locate the median, your numbers need to be listed in numerical order from smallest to largest, and that means you may need to rewrite your list before you are able to discover the median. Simply track down the middle number that’s the Median. The median of the top part is eight. We must return the sum of all of the numbers between those 2 numbers. Possessing a savvy population is remarkably vital for individuals along with the whole. It’s now understood that there a selection of cognitive training exercises and technologies that have strong evidence showing it’s possible to boost a persons intelligence. In any case, certain groups could be made to rethink some much-cherished suggestions and practices. Although there are a lot of specialised research papers on the subject, a simplistic explanation of the procedure might come handy for appreciating this subject of cryptography. custom term paper writing So if you’d like to find a working example, read my prior blog here. In case the question does indeed request an exhaustive calculation, see whether you’re ready to guesstimate. Soon you are going to be able to know the part of specific detail or recognize the way that it functions in the context. The exact first set in a functional relationship is referred to as the domain and the second set is called the range. In some instances the range and the codomain might be the exact same anyway but for some questions it may be beneficial in order to consider elements which aren’t mapped onto by the function. Leave a Reply
Learning Languages with a Communicative Approach Today I will not write as a teacher advising her students on how they have to learn Spanish. I have decided to share with you my relationship with languages ​​and my experiences in learning them. I speak four languages on different levels: Spanish, English, Catalan and German. I love being able to communicate in different languages ​​and feel that the connection with whoever hears me is improved by trying to communicate in their language. My mother tongue is Spanish, I speak, think, feel and perform my mental calculations and logical reasoning in Spanish. I’m in love with it. That led me to teach Spanish to those who have the desire or need to learn it, because I knew I could convey my passion for it and any work done with passion ends in success. My main goal is to make students feel motivated. Because learning a second language, sometimes, can become boring and invite us, in silence, to quit. That is why I am of the opinion that motivation is not only important, but basic. I think I can say that I get that degree of motivation with my students. How? Perhaps, on one hand, my open, smiling and encouraging attitude is a great help (you should ask them) but what I am convinced of is the effectiveness of the communicative method we use in ChitChat Spanish. The idea is simple: what is really the goal of a language? Answer: to communicate in real day-to-day situations. What does the student need for this? Answer: understanding and oral and written expressions. From there we are asked the following question: how do we acquire them? Answer: with authentic materials and documents of everyday life. Teaching a language goes beyond vocabulary and grammar, which, of course, is necessary. The student needs to learn by learning to apply communication strategies and socio-cultural skills. Spanish is taught to socialize by creating a communicative and motivating environment at the same time. That is the magic of the communicative method, preparing the student to defend themselves in their “staging”. The first foreign language I learned was German. In total I have been receiving classes for almost thirteen years or so. I have not practically studied English. Some loose classes in academies and courses on my own. I think I’m not wrong when I say that I speak a much better English than German. The reason is very simple to understand: German was taught following mainly the grammar translation method. This was perfect to learn the German grammar and vocabulary but not enough to communicate in a real situation. However, English was given to me in the same way a child learns its own language.  Now, I would like to ask those who learned Spanish at school: do you feel confident enough to maintain a fluent conversation in this language? Share with us your experience learning Spanish.  Next week, we will tell you why learning a foreign language via Skype is a great option. Meanwhile, enjoy your week communicating with people!!! Have a great week! Leave a Reply
Home > Articles > Security > Network Security • Print • + Share This This chapter is from the book 1.2 What Type of Book Is This? We believe the reason most computer science is hard to understand is because of jargon and irrelevant details. When people work with something long enough they invent their own language, come up with some meta-architectural framework or other, and forget that the rest of the world doesn't talk or think that way. We intend this book to be reader-friendly. We try to extract the concepts and ignore the meta-architectural framework, since whatever a meta-architectural framework is, it's irrelevant to what something does and how it works. We believe someone who is a relative novice to the field ought to be able to read this book. But readability doesn't mean lack of technical depth. We try to go beyond the information one might find in specifications. The goal is not just to describe exactly how the various standards and de facto standards work, but to explain why they are the way they are, why some protocols designed for similar purposes are different, and the implications of the design decisions. Sometimes engineering tradeoffs were made. Sometimes the designers could have made better choices (they are human after all), in which case we explain how the protocol could have been better. This analysis should make it easier to understand the current protocols, and aid in design of future protocols. The primary audience for this book is engineers, especially those who might need to evaluate the security of, or add security features to, a distributed system; but the book is also intended to be usable as a textbook, either on the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. Most of the chapters have homework problems at the end. Not all the chapters will be of interest to all readers. In some cases we describe and critique a standard in great detail. These chapters might not be of interest to students or people trying to get a conceptual understanding of the field. But in many cases the standards are written fairly unintelligibly. People who need to understand the standard, perhaps to implement it, or maybe even to use it, need to have a place where it is described in a readable way (and we strive for readability), but also a place in which mistakes in the standard are pointed out as such. It's very difficult to understand why, for instance, two fields are included which both give the same information. Sometimes it is because the designers of the protocol made a mistake. Once something like that is pointed out as a simple mistake, it's much easier to understand the specification. We hope that reading the descriptions in the book will make the specifications more intelligible. • + Share This • 🔖 Save To Your Account
Place-Centred and Indigenous Culture-Centred Sporting Events There are many places in the province that lend themselves to amazing sporting events: tracks that go through forests, up mountains and along beaches that suit foot races and mountain bike races. There are rivers, lakes and coastline that suit endurance events in swimming, canoeing and triathlon, there are places perfect for sailing, hanggliding and White-water rafting. There are indigenous sports such as archery, spear-throwing, canoeing, blow-darting, fishing and gymnastics type activities that have their own traditions in Ecuador. These draw attention to the uniqueness of our identity, and with that, a new sense of pride and motivation.     One by one we hope to initiate programmes and events that get local people more challenged in life and enjoying the natural environments they live in. Road construction is destroying the local culture and ecosystem. By enjoying traditional river travel, local people see their isolation as less of an inconvenience and learn to appreciate the great protection it provides.
This is machine translation Translated by Microsoft Multiple Extended Object Tracking In traditional tracking systems, the point target model is commonly used. In a point target model: • Each object is modeled as a point without any spatial extent. • Each object gives rise to at most one measurement per sensor scan. Though the point target model simplifies tracking systems, the assumptions above may not be valid when modern tracking systems are considered: • In modern tracking systems, the dimensions of the extended object play a significant role. For example, in autonomous vehicles, target dimensions must be considered properly to avoid collision with objects around the autonomous system. • Modern sensors have a high resolution, and an object can occupy more than one resolution cell. As a result, the sensor may report multiple detections for that object. In this case, In this case, the point model cannot fully exploit the sensor ability to detect object extent. In extended object tracking, a sensor can return multiple detections per scan for an extended object. The differences between extended object tracking and point object tracking are more about the sensor properties rather than object properties. For example, if the resolution of a sensor is high enough, even an object with small dimensions can still occupy several resolution cells of the sensor. Sensor Fusion and Tracking Toolbox™ offers several methods and examples for multiple extended object tracking. Depending on the assumptions made in the detection and tracker, these methods can be separated into the following categories: • One detection per object. In this category, the conventional trackers (such as trackerGNN, trackerJPDA, and trackerTOMHT) are used, which assume one detection per object. This category can further be divided into two methods: • A point detection per object. In this method, even though the sensor returns multiple detections per object, these detections are first converted into one representative point detection with certain covariance to account for the distribution of these detections. Then the representative point detection is processed by a conventional tracker, which models the object as a point target and tracks its kinematic state. Even though this method is simple to use, it overlooks the ability of the sensor to detect the object dimension. The Point Object Tracker approach shown in the first part of Extended Object Tracking example adopts this method. • An extended object detection per object. In this method, the multiple detections of an extended object are converted into a single parameterized shape detection. The shape detection includes the kinematic states of the object, as well as its extent parameters such as length, width and height. Then the shape detection is processed by a conventional tracker, which models the object as an extended object by tracking both the object kinematic state and its dimensions. In the Track Vehicles Using Lidar: From Point Cloud to Track List example, the Lidar detections of each vehicle are converted into a cuboid detection with length, width, and height. A JPDA tracker is used to track the position, velocity and dimensions for all the vehicles with these cuboid detections. • Multiple detections per object. In this category, extended object trackers (such as trackerPHD) are used, which assume multiple detections per object. The detections are fed directly to the tracker, and the tracker models the extended object using certain default geometric shapes with variable sizes. In the Extended Object Tracking example, the GGIW-PHD Extended Object Tracker approach represents vehicle shapes as ellipses, and the Prototype Extended Object Tracker approach represents vehicle shapes as rectangles. In the Marine Surveillance Using a PHD Tracker example, the GGIW-PHD tracker models the ship shapes as ellipses.
infrastructure in senegalInfrastructure in Senegal is on its way to being efficient and up-to-date. Senegal currently spends $911 million on infrastructure each year, but $312 million is wasted due to inefficiencies. According to the World Bank, Senegal cannot meet standards of efficiency because it has an annual funding gap of $578 million which could be closed by increased investment by the private sector. In terms of physical infrastructure, Senegal has 19 airports, a total railway line length of 906 km and a road connectivity of 0.07 kilometers per square kilometers of land. While these statistics are far better than a couple decades ago, Senegal still falls behind the rest of the world. Senegal’s road connectivity of 0.07 is far below that of the world average of 0.46. Additionally, only 61 percent of the population has access to electricity. In order for Senegal to catch up to the rest of the world, they will need major increases in funding. According to the World Bank’s Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which assesses the “competitiveness landscape” of a country’s economy, Senegal came in with a score of 3.7 for the 2015-2016 year. The score is also an indicator of the level of transport, electricity and telephone infrastructure. Senegal compares poorly to other countries, but it must be noted that the highest scoring countries are developed nations with access to greater funding. A number of developmental agencies, such as the African Development Bank (AFDB) have projects in Senegal. Between 2008 and 2012, the AFDB conducted the Road Development and Transport Facilitation Project, which focused on improving road infrastructure in the Southern Bamako-Dakar Corridor between Senegal and Mali. While the main goal of the project was to make Senegal’s main port more accessible to Mali, the improved road has provided better access and transportation to the people of Senegal as well. Transportation has become much more convenient for villagers in the region, and there have been major reductions in flooding and erosion of the road. Ultimately, infrastructure in Senegal is much better than that in other developing countries, but it still needs a lot of improvement. Most of this work cannot be completed without significant increases in funding that will have to come from private and foreign investment. Senegal has the potential to raise its GCI score through improvements to its infrastructure and should do what it can to garner more financial support from other nations and independent organizations. – Liyanga de Silva Photo: Flickr
You can also read the article in English (US). Learning pathway You should learn the basics of HTML before attempting any CSS. We recommend that you work through our Introduction to HTML module first. In that module, you will learn about: Once you understand the fundamentals of HTML, we recommend that you learn HTML and CSS at the same time, moving back and forth between the two topics. This is because HTML is far more interesting and much more fun to learn when you apply CSS, and you can't really learn CSS without knowing HTML. It is recommended that you work through Getting started with the web before proceeding with this topic. However, doing so isn't absolutely necessary as much of what is covered in the CSS basics article is also covered in our Introduction to CSS module, albeit in a lot more detail. Introduction to CSS This module gets you started with the basics of how CSS works, including using selectors and properties; writing CSS rules; applying CSS to HTML; specifying length, color, and other units in CSS; controlling cascade and inheritance; understanding box model basics; and debugging CSS. Styling text Here, we look at text-styling fundamentals, including setting font, boldness, and italics; line and letter spacing; and drop shadows and other text features. We round off the module by looking at applying custom fonts to your page and styling lists and links. Styling boxes Next up, we look at styling boxes, one of the fundamental steps towards laying out a web page. In this module, we recap the box model, then look at controlling box layouts by setting padding, borders and margins, setting custom background colors, images, and fancy features such as drop shadows and filters on boxes. CSS layout Responsive design (TBD) With so many different types of devices able to browse the web these days, responsive web design (RWD) has become a core web development skill. This module will cover the basic principles and tools of RWD; explain how to apply different CSS to a document depending on device features like screen width, orientation, and resolution; and explore the technologies available for serving different videos and images depending on such features. Solving common CSS problems See also दस्तावेज़ टैग और योगदानकर्ता अंतिम अद्यतन: mdnwebdocs-bot,
Many of the current texting solutions for the visually impaired require them to verbally communicate messages to others, which doesn't allow for much privacy. Also, many of the available products require braille keyboards, which can be expensive and hard to bring on the go. In today's world, communication via text message on a mobile device is becoming more and more of a necessity, and those who are visually impaired should not be left behind. What it does In order to eliminate this existing problem, with an affordable and practical solution, our prototype implements current accelerometer technology, along with simple hand/arm twists and motions. This allows users to form sentences quickly and easily, which will ultimately allow them to communicate effectively with others in the future. How we built it Our prototype was made by utilizing the gyroscopic capabilities of the accelerometer, to gain information, which we then used to create the motions necessary to dictate the letters the user would like to type. The motions we created are based on the users arm twisting angle, allowing them to receive a cycle of letters which they can select at multiple, bidirectional speeds. Challenges we ran into Our first approach to implementing the multiple speed feature, was not as practical as we originally thought. After speaking with a couple of mentors, we were able to find a couple of solutions which would ultimately help us to simplify our task at hand. In addition to this, we also struggled to appropriately use a set of several external interrupts which would allow us to include a space for sentence formation. We came up with a variety of approaches which led us to our final solution. Accomplishments that we're proud of Being able to understand the data processing of the accelerometer, and utilize that knowledge to its full capacity in making an easy to use searching system was our proudest accomplishment. After completing this task, we each felt as if we had a stronger grasp on the interaction between hardware and the data that it is able to provide. What we learned We did not notice how useful the accelerometer could be to our project when we first picked up our hardware components. We definitely made use of the accelerometer in a creative way allowing us to achieve outstanding results like providing visually impaired individuals with the opportunity to form sentences simply by rotating their arm. This has definitely reminded us on how much a small chip can change the world. What's next for Wrista la Twista We are looking to implement a voice feedback system which tells you which letter you have selected rather than displaying it on a LCD (this was our original idea, but a lack of hardware resources prevented us from achieving this goal). This will be the next biggest step to allow individuals to use this device to its full potential. Due to the constraint of time, we were only able to complete the functionality of allowing users to form plain sentences. It will be great to expand the library of characters that the user could select and customize; as priority, implementing a backspace will be most important. In addition, developing a software application which is capable of sending the messages created is a primary focus for the final version of this product. Built With Share this project:
Monday , June 17 2019 Home / venezuela / Contact with bats is a guarantee of death Contact with bats is a guarantee of death contact, death, death, insured, health, Photo: El Imparcial The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, for its acronym in English) presents a report in its Signs Vitals program where they explain that this mammals responsible for about 7 out of 10 deaths from rabies among infected people United States of America. "The high percentage of deaths associated with bats is very striking, because bats only represent one third of the 5,000 cases of rabies reported every year in the United States.. The crazy dogs that people find during their trips abroad are the second cause of rabies cases in people in the United States"said experts from the CDC. It is estimated that every year there are 1 to 3 rabies cases in humans. Figures below 30 to 50 cases per year were seen in 1940. This reduction was largely due to vaccination pet routines, the use of straps to restrain them and the availability of anti-rabies treatments that apply to nearly 55,000 people who are exposed to the virus year after year. you are interested: Irregular menstruation can cause ovarian cancer However, because rabies has been reduced in dogs, it becomes clearer in bats, raccoons, foxes and skunks. These animals remain the main carriers virus. Some animals that people might think transmit rabies like opossums and squirrels rarely do it. Bats are carriers of the rabies virus in almost all US states. US, except in Hawaii, and can spread it throughout the year. Many people do not realize that they can get it if they are bitten or scratched by someone and do not immediately seek medical attention. "Bats have an important role in our ecosystem and it is important for people to know that almost all animals in the United States do not have anger"Said Emily Pieracci, D.V.M., CDC veterinarian and lead author of the report. Vital signs. Source link
Throughout the course of a court proceeding, it is imperative that all involved — witnesses, lawyers, court reporters, etc. — understand what is being said in real time. In 1978, the United States court systems established qualifications and rules for interpreters by creating the Court Interpreters Act. The role of interpreters and translators is to clarify the statements of witnesses whose primary language is different from the primary language spoken in court. This can include foreign languages and sign languages. While court interpreters are required to be highly skilled in both the language they are interpreting and general court proceedings, there still can be issues that arise. Anything from misinterpretations of the court proceedings or deviations from pure translations. When these issues arise, it is the responsibility of the court reporter in Oklahoma, to interrupt the court and do what is necessary to achieve and maintain the accuracy of the transcript. Times to Interrupt or Adjust Transcript for Accuracy • Wrong Pronoun is Used. Interpreters are responsible for translating on the witness’s behalf, it is easy and not uncommon for interpreters to fall into speaking in third-person. When this happens, the court reporter is forced to establish a dialogue within the transcript to provide clarity about who is speaking. In this situation, the court reporter would go off the record to explain to the counsel or interpreter that to provide a clean record, everyone needs to speak in first-person, as though the interpreter isn’t there. • When a Translator is Needed.  Instances where there is a language barrier but a translator has yet to be requested or if a translator has been requested but is incomprehensible, it will be necessary for the court reporter to interrupt and explain that the proceedings are not being recorded due to a lack of understanding. If the necessary interpreter cannot be provided, the court reporter can offer to call in a different reporter who may be better equipped to understand the proceedings. • When the Attorney Doesn’t Wait for Translation. When the questioning attorney understands the foreign language, continually asking questions without waiting for the interpreter to translate, the court reporter will need to interrupt and ask for clarification. Additional circumstances where the court reporter may need to adjust the transcript as a result of translation difficulty may include: • Adjustments for Clarification. When the interpreter asks for clarification or additional information, including spelling, the court reporter must make note of the interruption in the transcript. This is generally done via a colloquy— “Interpreter (asked for clarification on spelling) Can you please spell that?” • Adjustments for Multiple Languages. If a witness uses more than one language throughout, the court reporter must make note of which language is being used throughout the questioning. • Adjustments for Witness/Interpreter Discussions. If there is a difficulty in translation between the witness and interpreter, or when the witness and interpreter are speaking without interpretation, the court reporter is only responsible for reporting what is spoken in English. Because the conversation between the witness and interpreter is not a part of the questioning the attorney will need to ask for clarification. If the attorney wants the conversation included in the record, they will need to ask what was said. As a court reporter in Oklahoma, it is important to accurately record court proceedings regardless of the language being spoken.
Sano Family History 14-Day Free Trial Sano Name Meaning Japanese: variously written, it means ‘small field’ and is found throughout Japan. Some bearers have samurai connections. Italian: nickname from sano ‘healthy’, from Latin sanus, or from a short form of an adjectival habitational name formed with the suffix -sano, as for example Formisano. Similar surnames: Seno, Tano, Kano, Sando, Yano, Siano, Sako, Sani, Vano, Lano Ready to discover your family story? Simply start with yourself and we'll do the searching for you. Sano Family Origin Where is the Sano family from? Sano Family Occupations What did your Sano ancestors do for a living? In 1880, the most common Sano occupation in the USA was Barber. 25% of Sano's were Barbers. A less common occupation for the Sano family was Works In Sawmill. Barber, Keeps House and Teamster were the top 3 reported jobs worked by Sano. View Census data for Sano | Data not to scale • Barber • Keeps House • Teamster • Works In Sawmill United States shown, England data unavailable Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your Sano ancestors, such as occupation. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. Sano Historical Records What Sano family records will you find? Census Record There are 3,000 census records available for the last name Sano. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Sanocensus records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Search 1891 UK census records for Sano Passenger List There are 4,000 immigration records available for the last name Sano. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the UK, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. View all Sano immigration records Draft Card There are 1,000 military records available for the last name Sano. For the veterans among your Sano ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. View all Sano military records You've only scratched the surface of Sano family history. Sano Life Expectancy What is the average Sano lifespan? Between 1948 and 2004, in the United States, Sano life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1948, and highest in 1994. The average life expectancy for Sano in 1948 was 36, and 74 in 2004. View Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for Sano An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Sano ancestors lived in harsh conditions. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. Famous Sano Family Ancestors Discover the unique achievements of ancestors in your family tree Famous ancestors img Look up another name
Training News To Keep You Current In-flight safety Crossed wires: Aircraft wire strike prevention By: The CTS Team   •   We don't always know where wires are-and yet they're everywhere. How can you avoid this invisible hazard? Low-level operations are vital for a number of industries, including agriculture, construction, and maintenance of the very lines that prove so hazardous. In the progress of these operations, wire strikes remain a very real and persistent hazard. The most basic instruction on avoiding wires is twofold: fly at 500 feet AGL or higher, and cross power lines over towers. But the necessity for operations near wires, the ever-increasing number of wires across the nation, and their relative invisibility under certain conditions ensures that basic training isn't nearly enough. So, how can you improve your perception of and avoidance of wires? Aircraft Wire Strike Now you see it, now you don't The key to avoiding wires is to stop thinking of them as visible see and avoid hazards. While some are easily visible, others disappear into the backgrounds of trees or mountains. Depending on how the light hits them, wires might flash with the sun one moment and be gone the next. You might easily spot large wires, but get caught in smaller wires higher up that weren't as easy to see. Wire visibility can change at any moment, and is affected by size, material, the backdrop, distance, and the way the light hits it. You cannot rely purely on visually spotting wires. Instead, treat wires as a known, invisible hazard. While you should obviously continue to look for wires, you can also learn to predict where they’ll be, even if you can't see them. For example, transmission wires are large and often easy to spot, but may have smaller, harder-to-see wires running near the tops; always cross them above the height of the towers. You can tell the direction the wires are going by looking at the large insulators, which point in the direction of the wire. This can help you spot turns in the wires. Careful flight planning is another vital factor in avoiding wire strikes. You should always review charts, but special attention should be paid to obstacles on area charts for low-level operations. Be warned that most power lines are between 30 and 150 feet tall, and thus generally won't show up on charts. That said, you can safely assume that any roadway will have power lines running along each side. In areas with dense trees, open areas will be cleared to make way for necessary wires. When you see these long, open stretches between trees, assume there are wires within. Aircraft Wire Strike Over or under Even after you spot the wires, your job is not done. Many victims of wire strikes report they were already aware of the wire they struck, but cockpit activities caused them to lose focus for just long enough to hit them. Heightened situational awareness is required when wires are involved. Do not let wires out of your mental picture of an area until you have safely departed from it. High and low recon can prove valuable assets to pilots seeking wires at a work or landing site. Do not be satisfied if you don’t spot wires during high recon, also perform a low recon at 100 to 200 feet, as some wires may not have been visible from your first pass. If you are ever uncertain, perform another recon and take another look. Finally, avoiding wire strikes is not merely about wire awareness. Self-awareness plays a role; fatigue, illness, or stress can dull situational awareness and cause you to miss or lose track of wires. You should never begin a mission without an honest self-assessment determining you are physically and mentally fit for all flight duties. The majority of aircraft wire strikes happen to experienced pilots with hundreds of hours, rather than newer pilots who are hyper-aware of their surroundings. Do not allow yourself to become complacent in any element of your operation. Rather, maintain good, consistent habits of proper flight planning, scanning, and ADM to stay out of the wires. Related CTS Training: Related Reading: Related Posts
The Case of Mary Blandy An important test used in early toxicology was developed in 1836 by chemist James Marsh (1794-1846), nearly 80 years after the Mary Blandy case. The Blandy case marked the beginning of a wider reliance on and demand for trustworthy scientific tests for detection of poisons. Shortly after Blandy's execution Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-86) developed a postmortem test for arsenic. Scheele was an apothecary's assistant and an excellent technician who discovered the element chlorine. His arsenic test involved heating arsenic powder (As2O3) placed in a solution containing metallic zinc and nitric acid. The arsenic formed the arsine gas AsH3 that smelled of garlic, a test that was used in many cases, including that of Blandy. Other chemists improved and enhanced this test and attempted to extend it to use on human tissues and stomach contents. These early methods were difficult, required great skill, and could not detect relatively low levels of arsenic. A famous case revealed this limitation to light and brought English chemist Marsh into the story. In 1832 John Bodle had been accused of poisoning his grandfather with arsenic placed in coffee. Marsh was asked by the prosecution to check the stomach contents of the victim. He used a hydrogen sulfide method and was able to produce a yellow solid consistent with the presence of arsenic. Unfortunately, the solid degraded between the time it was prepared and when it was presented to a jury. To Marsh's dismay Bodle was acquitted. To add insult to injury Bodle later bragged about his guilt. Marsh took his anger and frustration and disappeared into his lab with one simple goal: develop a reliable and visually convincing method to detect arsenic in messy and complex samples like tissue and stomach contents. First, he turned to Scheele's procedure in which arsenic was converted to arsine gas. Marsh knew that under the proper conditions compounds containing arsenic, such as arsine, could be manipulated to form arsenic metal. Magnus had demonstrated that conversion centuries earlier. Marsh realized that metallic arsenic is stable, and if he could capture the arsine gas, he could manipulate it so that metallic arsenic would form on a solid surface. This process is sometimes called "plating out." This simple idea took Marsh four years to perfect, and the method became known as the Marsh test. This famous procedure was the first reliable O Infobase Publishing The Marsh test for arsenic. The sample, such as stomach contents, is heated in the presence of zinc metal and acid. The arsine gas rises into the glass tube. With more heating arsenic metal forms a metallic mirror on the tube. analytical test for arsenic. For his efforts Marsh received wide acclaim and a gold medal from the Royal Society of Arts. The Marsh test starts by placing the sample, be it a powder, stomach contents, or body tissue, in solution by adding hydrochloric acid. Shavings of metallic zinc are included in the mixture, which is then heated. Under these conditions arsenic forms arsine gas (H3As) that rises away from solution. The innovation Marsh added was to trap this gas and direct it through a tube. The gas is heated again, causing the arsine gas to decompose to metallic arsenic, which plates out a gray coating on glass or on a piece of porcelain. Unlike the arsenic compound formed with hydrogen sulfide gas, the metallic "mirror" is stable and makes ideal visual evidence for display before a jury. One critical feature of the Marsh test was that it was fairly reliable when used on biological samples. The Marsh test came to the public's attention during the case of Marie Lafarge (1840) and was particularly notable because of who used it, a man named M. J. B. Orfila (1787-1853). Owing to his skills in forensic toxicology and his role in this case, Orfila is often referred to as the father of forensic toxicology. The Lafarge case revolved around the death of Marie's husband, Charles, who died of an illness that was consistent with arsenic poisoning. Initial tests of his stomach showed no arsenic, nor did other organs removed from the body. However, arsenic was detected in food and beverages that Charles had been given. The court asked Orfila, a recognized expert in forensic toxicology, to sort out the analytical results. He and other experts reviewed and reanalyzed the samples, finding small amounts of arsenic in the remains of Charles Lafarge. Orfila, a consummate chemist, also showed that the arsenic could not be attributed to the soil in which the body had been buried or to contaminated reagents. To this day such awareness of possible contamination and the use of control samples are an integral part of forensic toxicology. The Lafarge case was pivotal for forensic chemistry, forensic toxicology, and forensic science. It marked the first time that modern chemical testing was used, accepted, and instrumental in obtaining a conviction in a murder case. From that moment poisoning was no longer easy to mistake for other causes of death. Orfila's testimony and the acceptance of the Marsh test by the scientific and legal communities did not end poisoning, nor did it help prevent accidental exposures to arsenic. As is often the case, the scientific advance it highlighted provided great assistance to law enforcement but also forced those who would break the law to alter their tactics. The Marsh test made arsenic poisoning a less attractive means of murder, so murderers moved on to other poisons, such as those obtained from plants. The most common plant-based poisons are chemically classified as alkaloids. These substances were originally called "vegetable bases" as they were extracted from plants and the extracts were found to be basic, or alkaline. A basic substance tastes bitter and when dissolved in water will cause the pH of a solution to rise above 7.0. A pH of 7 is neutral, 0-6 acidic, and above 7, basic. Examples of alkaloids include nicotine, Beating The Butt On Your Own Beating The Butt On Your Own Get My Free Ebook • virpi Why is mary blandy case important in forensic science? 7 years ago • Kaija S How the case of mary blnady impacted chemistry? 5 months ago • stacey Why is mary blandy important to chemist? 3 months ago Post a comment
What is Pilates? What is Pilates? Pilates is a system of over 500 controlled exercises that engage the mind and condition the total body by using a popular exercise regimen that uses special stretches and machines. Named after Joseph Pilates, Pilates exercise system has proven itself invaluable not only to the fitness user, but to the professional trainers as well. Pilates, a technique of exercise and physical movement intended to stretch, strengthen, and balance the body. With regular practice of specific exercises joined with focused breathing patterns. Pilates works several muscle groups simultaneously through smooth, continuous motion, with a particular concentration on strengthening and stabilising the core. Pilates focuses on the quality of movement rather than quantity, which makes one feel refreshed rather than tired after a session. Pilates takes a balanced approach so that no muscle group is overworked and the body works efficiently. With the aging of our people and the increasing trend toward mindful, moderate health practices, Pilates is more likely to find itself with a wait list at the YMCA, and in your local public schools, shaping the fitness ideals of our next generation. Practiced loyally, Pilates yields many benefits such as: Increased lung capacity and circulation through deep breathing. Posture, balance, and core strength are all heartily increased. Bone density and joint health improvements as you become more aware of your body. Pilates teaches balance and control of the body. Pilate's equipment today is not much different than that of earlier days. Because of the nature of the equipment the inimitably designed pieces truly act as a complement to the challenging mat exercises. Pilate Moves The Hundred - This movement strengthens the torso by requiring the back muscles to work in synergy with the abdominal muscles. Roll Up -This movement strengthens the abdominal muscles. One-Leg Circle -This movement opens up the hip, increasing flexibility. One-Leg Stretch -This movement strengthens the abdominal muscles with the opposition effect of keeping the back flat on the floor while changing legs. Single Straight-Leg Stretch -This movement strengthens the abdominal muscles by the opposition of keeping the back flat on the floor while changing legs. Key to remember is that you should consult a physician before starting any exercise programme. Always keep water close to you and drink before you get too thirsty. Back To Articles Fitness Survey
Making Databases Work: The Pragmatic Wisdom of Michael Stonebraker Huge savings for students List Price: $99.95 Price: $49.98 You Save: $49.98 This book celebrates Michael Stonebraker's accomplishments that led to his 2014 ACM A.M. Turing Award "for fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems." The book describes, for the broad computing community, the unique nature, significance, and impact of Mike's achievements in advancing modern database systems over more than forty years. Today, data is considered the world's most valuable resource, whether it is in the tens of millions of databases used to manage the world's businesses and governments, in the billions of databases in our smartphones and watches, or residing elsewhere, as yet unmanaged, awaiting the elusive next generation of database systems. Every one of the millions or billions of databases includes features that are celebrated by the 2014 Turing Award and are described in this book. Why should I care about databases? What is a database? What is data management? What is a database management system (DBMS)? These are just some of the questions that this book answers, in describing the development of data management through the achievements of Mike Stonebraker and his over 200 collaborators. In reading the stories in this book, you will discover core data management concepts that were developed over the two greatest eras (so far) of data management technology. The book is a collection of 36 stories written by Mike and 38 of his collaborators: 23 world-leading database researchers, 11 world-class systems engineers, and 4 business partners. If you are an aspiring researcher, engineer, or entrepreneur you might read these stories to find these turning points as practice to tilt at your own computer-science windmills, to spur yourself to your next step of innovation and achievement. ACM Books
5 Ways To Protect Your Gut Health Beautiful young woman eating yogurt at home. Research has shown the many important roles gut bacteria plays in maintaining our health. Registered Nutritionist, Rob Hobson, Healthspan Head of Nutrition shares his top five ways to help protect the diversity of bacteria in your gut that contribute to the health of your microbiome.  Rob Hobson Rob Hobson The term ‘microbiome’ refers to the collection of microbes that live in and on our body of which there are around 100 trillion and most of these are found in the gut.  An army of microbes, including bacteria, colonise the body even before birth, forming a protective barrier that defends against foreign invaders harmful to our health. Your microbiome is unique to you The microbiome is an integral part of an efficient digestive system.  Bacteria in the gut help to digest and utilise antioxidant polyphenols that have been shown to protect the body against disease.  These bacteria also synthesise vitamins such as B12, D, folic acid and thiamine.  Your microbiome is like a fingerprint and is unique to you, reacting to the world around you and within you, which dictates its composition. How can diet and lifestyle factors impact on the health of your microbiome?  There are many diet and lifestyle factors that can impact on the diversity of bacteria in your microbiome.  Some of these can upset the balance and encourage the growth of bad bacteria whilst others are non-discriminatory and wipe them out regardless of whether good or bad. An unhealthy diet rich in sugar and ‘bad’ fats can cause weight gain and inflammation that impacts on disease risk.  It has been suggested that this type of diet can encourage the growth of bad bacteria in the gut, but another reason may be more straightforward.  If your diet is rich in unhealthy foods, then the likelihood is that you’re not eating enough of the foods that support good bacteria in the gut such as vegetables, wholegrains and other high-fibre foods. Other factors such as those related to mental health and medication can also have a huge influence on the balance of bacteria in your gut. These are five of the way in which you can help to protect your microbiome by addressing some of the more common diet and lifestyle factors. 1 Address your stress Psychosocial factors such as stress or depression can influence the actual physiology of the gut, affecting movement and contractions of the GI tract, increasing inflammation and even making you more perceptible to infection. The relationship between the gut and brain is referred to as the gut-brain axis.  Research in this field is in its early stages but is beginning to suggest that your microbiome may be affected by conditions that linked by the gut-brain axis.  In the case of stress, the effects have been shown to cause changes to the microbiome and these effects also appear to be amplified when stress is more severe or prolonged. Don’t dismiss the effects of stress on the body.  Mental health is just as important for your body as the food you eat, exercise you take and sleep you get.  Try exploring techniques that can help you to manage stressful situations.  Meditation has been proven to help with stress and there are many apps available that make it easy to get to grips with.  Breathing techniques have also been shown to help.  2 Eat prebiotic foods in your diet  Some foods contain specific fibres that we are unable to digest.  These fibres are referred to as probiotics and act as a food source for gut bacteria, helping it to flourish.  Gut bacteria break these fibres down by a process called fermentation, which produces short chain fatty acids that supply energy to the cells that line your colon.  Pic: Susie White The different types are probiotic foods include: • Onions, garlic, leeks, asparagus and bananas contain inulin and fructooligosaccharides that act as prebiotics. • Oats and barley contain beta-glucans that act as prebiotics. • Starchy foods such as pasta, rice and potatoes form resistant starches (resistant to digestive enzymes) once they’ve been cooked and then cooled. Resistant starches act as prebiotic 3 Watch your medication Certain medications can upset the balance of gut bacteria. Aspirin and ibuprofen are commonly used Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS), but their use has been shown to reduce levels of good bacteria in the gut. Antibiotics are also not a friend of gut bacteria as they can wipe out swathes of both good and bad.  The use of these medications is unavoidable for some people that require them for the treatment of inflammatory health conditions, but it’s important to question the need for antibiotics.  In certain cases, such as severe bacterial infections, they’re required to help the body recover, but they’re of no use in fighting viral infections such as colds or flu. Using probiotics alongside certain medications or after a course of antibiotics can help to re-balance your microbiome. Another interesting issue surrounding antibiotics is their extensive use in the farming of food animals.  The issue is a topic of debate but eating less meat and choosing better quality meat may not only be better for your health but reduce the transmission of antibiotics through the food chain. 4 Eat probiotic foods Probiotics are bacteria that have been shown to have a positive health benefit.  Well researched strains include those from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium family.  Live yoghurt is the most well-known probiotic food and contains strains such as Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Casei.  Similar strains are also found in yoghurt ‘shot’ drinks that have become very popular.  A healthier choice of yoghurt is one that contains no sugar, and these are widely available. Fermented foods such as kimchi, kefir and miso also contain strains of bacteria that can support good gut health.  The popularity of these foods has led them into the mainstream and they’re now widely available in most supermarkets.  5 Take a probiotic supplement Probiotic supplements offer a way of delivering large doses of specific bacteria to the gut.  Stick to preparations that contain well researched strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in a dose of at least 10 billion bacteria per serving such as Healthspan Super20 Pro (£18.99 for 60 capsules). Avoid taking probiotics with hot food and drinks or alcohol that can destroy them in transit. Super20 Pro supplement Probiotics are an exciting area of research and whilst their use and efficacy has recently come under scrutiny, there’s still plenty of good quality research that points towards their beneficial role in health.  Two particular areas where the evidence is particularly convincing is around digestion and immunity. Moira Chisholm
Abu Dhabi, UAEMonday 17 June 2019 Focus:Vikings came in search of dirhams New research reveals an intricate trade relationship that existed between Norsemen and the Islamic world. Farhat Hussain holds a silver dirham coin, left, from 770AD found in Scandinavia and a gold dinar coin from 920AD found in Russia. Both were produced in Baghdad. For much of Europe, the Vikings were terrifying warriors bent on nothing but rape and pillage as they stormed ashore from their longships. Now new research reveals that the Norsemen were also familiar faces in the Islamic world, but as peaceful merchants and traders prepared to travel thousands of miles from the snow and ice of Scandinavia to the searing heat of Baghdad and beyond. According to the historian Farhat Hussain, the Vikings were drawn to the region, like so many others past and present, by the lure of the dirham. In a new book to be published later this year, Dr Hussain contends that this previously little known trade relationship was based on the silver used to make the dirham, the currency which emerged in the Islamic world in the 7th century. "The Vikings were very interested in silver, not so much in gold," he said. "It was a status symbol for Viking men and women, they even wanted to be buried with silver." According to Dr Hussain, silver in Europe at the time was scarce and of poor quality, in contrast with the Islamic world where silver coins were the foundation of the currency. "These were the US dollars of the day, and they were all over the place." The two worlds were very different. The Vikings were at the height of their power and influence between the late 8th and early 11th centuries. There is evidence of their travels as far from their homeland as Constantinople and the Volga River in Russia to the East, and Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland to the West. At the same time Islam was entering its golden age, with a renaissance of unprecedented intellectual and economic heights that would eventually reach from China to what is now modern-day Spain. When the two cultures first met, it was in battle. The first Viking expeditions to the Islamic sphere of influence were pillaging raids. But the Norse raiders found they were no match for the organised and disciplined armies of the Caliphs who ruled al Andalus, the region of the Iberian Peninsula that included the cities of Granada, Cordoba and Seville. Other expeditions pushed overland through what is now Russia, to meet the same fate on the border with the Caspian Sea. "When the Vikings went to Spain, they got to Seville," said Dr Hussain. "The Emir knew they were there and didn't let them leave, and they eventually got killed. They came back 40 years later and still got killed. On the Caspian Sea they were all wiped out. "There is no point raiding for silver when you don't come back home at all, so they decided on trade relations with the Muslim world." When they put aside their helmets and battle-axes, the Vikings turned to honey and fur as goods they could trade for the coveted silver. Soon they established trade routes with the Islamic world, with the Baghdad-based Abbasids as well as the Andalusians ready to pay in silver. It wasn't long before the Vikings became involved in another, highly lucrative business: the slave trade. Dr Hussain says that the slave trade operated between the Vikings and the Islamic world was less brutal than the trans-Atlantic "middle passage" that would later see the mass abduction of millions of Africans. "Some of these people were later turned into servants and paid-for labour," said Dr Hussain. "Some even became high officials, so it's hardly the same thing. But slavery is slavery and it shouldn't have happened. "Nonetheless, some of the Viking activities, their raids, were undertaken in order to have people available to sell in the East. The Vikings wanted dirhams from Al Andalus and Baghdad. Some of the people captured by the Vikings were taken to Scandinavia as slaves and some were sold on to Russia, then on to Baghdad." At the time, the Islamic world was demanding slaves for a wide range of roles, including servitude, concubinage and soldiering. The Abbasids created the Mamluks - from the Arabic for "owned"; a disciplined force of former slaves upon which the Caliph could rely to defend the land. The Caliphs purchased thousands of boys who were captured in battle from Central Asia, where the Turkic tribes had a reputation for military discipline. Many were also taken by Viking raiding parties in central Europe, this time travelling overland rather than in their longboats. The boys were brought to Baghdad and trained to be soldiers for the Abbasids and many later rose to high positions in the Caliph's court. Before Dr Hussain began his work, very few studies on the links between Arabs and the Vikings had been carried out, by either Western or Islamic scholars. Many ignored the connection or refused to acknowledge its existence, the historian says. "In Europe, when they look at history, it's very much Eurocentric, and the same in North America. They start with the ancient Greeks and the Romans. Same with the Vikings, the approach is that they're from Europe and that's European history. "We have the same problem in the Arab world. Most Arab historians when they teach, look at what the main Arab historians in history such as Ibn Khaldoun and al Masoudi wrote. And those scholars didn't write anything about the Vikings." Still, the evidence is there. Artefacts that include Arabic weighing scales, beads, women's jewellery and, of course, coins have all been discovered in Denmark and Norway. Dr Hussain keeps some of the coins for his travels on the lecture circuit and produces a selection from his pocket. They are thin, made from silver and date from the Abbasid caliphate, which existed from the 8th to 13th century and included the Arabian peninsula. They carry the Arabic inscription, "There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his Prophet". "This is a silver coin, a typical coin found in Scandinavia," he said holding one up. "In Sweden alone, archaeologists found 100,000 of these coins. They're found in the Baltics, Norway and Denmark. "Most Nordic archaeologists in their books mention very briefly the Arabic coins and speculate. They don't dwell on the subject. There are photographs, but some books show the coins without captions, with nothing mentioned. In the state museum in Norway they have some Arabic coins and books with pictures of these coins and in some of these Norwegian books there's no single mention of having any relations with the Islamic world." This, he says, "is very naughty". Some English churchmen, who were pillaged by Vikings, left basic accounts about such encounters, which, in Dr Hussain's words, amounted to: "'The pagans came. They burnt our church. We hate them. They are horrible and they have horrible helmets', and that's it." Muslim scholars, on the other hand, left detailed records of Vikings that European historians later relied on. One such scholar was the 10th-century poet Yahya al Ghazal of Cordoba, who rose to high stature in the Caliph's court because of his skills at improvised prose and poetry. "Al Ghazal writes - the thing I find humorous - is that when the Vikings sing, 'they sound like wild dogs'. He wasn't trying to insult them - he writes an excellent account of their life - but to his ear, compared to the melodies of Cordoba and Seville, that's what they must have sounded like." Dr Hussain's new book, to be published later this year, sheds light on a multifaceted relationship between two cultures on extreme ends of the same spectrum. One a red-headed pagan tribe that wore horned helmets and pillaged for a living, the other a cosmopolitan Islamic civilisation that spanned continents, at the height of its Golden Age. The trade relationship between the Vikings and the Islamic world may have resulted in millions of silver coins for the Vikings, but it had all come to an end by the mid-11th century, when Christianity was established in most of Scandinavia. As more Vikings converted, there was less trade with the Muslim world. "The Pope didn't encourage them to have strong commercial interests once they became Christian. He encouraged them to become crusaders instead," said Dr Hussain. "So that's how their relationship ended, and they melted most of the Islamic silver they had, which is another reason we don't have the millions of coins that they must have taken." Echoes of the relationship, however, can be found in today's geopolitical landscape, shaped by the trade routes the Vikings forged to trade with their new partners in Baghdad. "To get down to Baghdad, traders used to go through Russia, and those days no country was named Russia. The Ruse of Sweden gave their name to Russia and the only reason they were there is because they were trading with Baghdad, the capital of the Islamic world then," said Dr Hussain. "Kiev, the Ukraine and Moscow later on, these were founded by Scandinavians who settled in the midway point with the Islamic world. So the Muslim dirham influenced not only the Vikings of Scandinavia, but Russia as well." Updated: July 26, 2008 04:00 AM
NASA Twins Study: Body Changes Over Time in Space NASA Twins Study: Body Changes Over Time in Space NASA Twins Study: Body Changes Over Time in Space From his eyes to his immune system, astronaut Scott Kelly's body sometimes reacted strangely to almost a year in orbit, at least compared to his Earth-bound identical twin - but newly published research shows nothing that would cancel even longer space treks, like to Mars. In that time, the brother's bodies - their genes, guts, immune systems, blood and brains - were part of an elaborate, multifaceted study created to teach us how spaceflight might affect human bodies. Bailey participated in a teleconference with the Kelly brothers, reporters and fellow researchers on Thursday. The idea being that Mark, down on Earth, would provide a valuable control subject to compare with Scott as he spent a year in orbit. Throughout the flight, Scott self-administered sonograms of his carotid and brachial arteries, and he regularly monitored his blood pressure and collected urine and blood samples. These findings ran counter to what Bailey thought might occur, and are confirmed in "The NASA Twins Study: A multi-dimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight", published in Science April 12. While hundreds of humans have flown in space before, there is little data on how space flight longer than a few months impacts health and the body. That research mostly involves telomeres, the nucleic sequences at the end of chromosomes that protect them from damage the way a plastic aglet protects the tip of a shoelace. After returning home, the telomere elongation was replaced by accelerated shortening and loss, a potentially negative effect for cellular health, they said. "That's good news", added Gronostajski, who had no role in the study. Space flight also affects astronauts' eyes, causing what's now called space flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome, characterized by swelling in the optic nerve head, among other symptoms. "They're remarkable individuals", Bailey said. Not all of the changes disappeared-or at least not quickly-after Scott's return. Most of these gene expression changes (roughly 91.3 percent) reverted to baseline once he came back to Earth, but a small subset continued to exist for six months. Dr. Andrew Feinberg, a Johns Hopkins University professor who was principal epigenomics investigator for the project, said "there wasn't anything that was any kind of red flag" in the findings, but that more study is needed. Nine months into the mission, they saw a 4% decrease in methylation of Scott's DNA compared to Mark's. "It was encouraging to see that there was no massive disruption of the epigenome in either Mark or Scott", says Rizzardi. The long-term health effects of long duration spaceflight are yet to be determined, but the TWINS Study represents a landmark step in humankind's journey to the moon, Mars and beyond...and to making science fiction science fact. The Twins Study encompassed 10 separate research teams that thoroughly tracked the health and biology of both Scott in space and Mark on the ground. Scott Kelly takes a selfie inside the International Space Station. His comment which prompted a lighthearted exchange between the brothers. In the current study, Scott's biological samples were shipped back to Earth immediately, but in the future, astronauts may need to process and store samples on the spacecraft. "We think that microgravity has an effect on the bacteria", he said. As an experiment both brothers were given a flu vaccine, which produced similar results. Next, Kelly's DNA wasn't mutated in space but the activity of many of his genes - how they switch on and off - did change, especially in the last half of the voyage, which ended in March 2016. Some of the researchers caution the study, by its nature, is limited in scope. Studies included molecular, physiological and behavioral measures, and for the first time ever in astronauts, "omics"-based studies". "We're trying to determine if it is indeed something specific about space flight that is causing the changes we've seen", she explained. Scott's telomeres actually got bigger in space. Those are just some of the lingering question that researchers will hope to answer in the future. NASA already knew some of the toll of space travel, such as bone loss that requires exercise to counter. The integrated paper - encompassing work from 10 research teams - reveals some interesting, surprising and reassuring data about how one human body adapted to - and recovered from - the extreme environment of space. But key results from the NASA Twins Study do confirm that prolonged space travel triggers stressors that can alter genes, send the immune system into overdrive, or hinder mental reasoning abilities and memory. Related news [an error occurred while processing the directive]
Kaiser aluminum manufacturers of asbestos products emitra electricity bill payment As the name implies Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Company produces aluminum and chemical based products, largely for the aerospace, automotive and engineering industries. The company was first established in 1946 by Henry J. Kaiser. When it was founded, Kaiser leased property from the US Government, but eventually they purchased the land, and over time their empire expanded to include 10 separate facilities in the United States and one in Canada. Though the company grew into a major conglomerate, in 2002 Kaiser put in a plea for bankruptcy protection and a complete reorganization of the company. This was driven by a multitude of lawsuits that were brought against the company from people who had been made sick because of the products produced by Kaiser. These products contained asbestos a naturally occurring mineral that has been known to cause mesothelioma, a form of asbestos cancer. From a small contracting company, industrialist Henry J. Kaiser grew a conglomerate whose products were used in a variety of trades and industries including shipbuilding, aluminum, concrete, and construction. Some of the Kaiser companies sold products, especially refractory and insulation products which contained asbestos. Asbestos was used for a variety of industrial purposes until it was recognized as being a toxic substance. It is made up of microscopic fibers that cling together, but can break apart and float in the air, where they may be inhaled by anyone who gets too close. The fibers are responsible for damaging the respiratory systems of people who have breathed them in and many of them are eventually diagnosed with mesothelioma cancer. The mesothelioma survival rate tends to be low because there is no cure for the disease. There are different mesothelioma cell types that may be diagnosed including papillary mesothelioma and sarcomatoid mesothelioma but the prognosis is generally the same for each. Treatment at top mesothelioma clinics may involve chemotherapy with drugs like Alimta®, Navelbine or Onconase as well as other treatments like extrapleural pneumonectomy. Our mesothelioma treatment guide provides more helpful information for those who have been diagnosed with this disease. Kaiser Aluminum, Bankruptcy and Asbestos Lawsuits By 2001, Kaiser had more than 112,000 personal injury claims still pending. They had already paid out several hundred million to plaintiffs, and the list of claims seemed to have no end. The decision to file for bankruptcy was finally reached in 2002, and it was designed to protect the company and all of its subsidiaries. Unsettled claims would not be forgotten following the bankruptcy process. A trust fund was put in place to determine which claims were brought forth by people who had genuinely been affected and made ill by products created by Kaiser. These claims would be settled and paid in amounts that were determined by the trust representatives. Future claims are expected, as it often takes many years for symptoms of asbestos-related diseases to develop. If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma and believe that you were exposed to Kaiser Aluminum asbestos containing products, a mesothelioma lawyer may be able to file a claim with the Kaiser Asbestos Trust on your behalf.
I found out recently about some new advances in 3D printing. Even though it has been around for a couple of decades now, 3D printing has mainly been in the realms of hobbyists as well as designers of product prototypes rather than in actual development. Metal Printing is Now In the past, 3D printing with anything other than plastics has been very costly and time-consuming. Now there is a way to print metal on a 3D scale and the technology is here and available to use. This will revolutionize the way we produce parts and it will surely change the market, I understand. This will influence mass production in such a way that we can cheaply produce parts just by printing them and this will save both time and money for manufacturers. It will no longer be necessary to maintain large inventories because parts can just be printed. Replacement Parts Made Easy When I thought about it, I had to see if this sort of technological advancement would make it easier for replacement parts to be made for cars and other machinery. As it turns out, that is exactly what these 3D metal printers do. They make parts perfectly with each repetition being the same as the previous. This means that, when parts are needed, they will not have to be ordered. This will actually reduce overhead costs for many companies and make repairs of vehicles and other machines much more affordable for everyone involved. Lighter and Stronger I found out that this technology is able to create stronger parts that are lighter in weight and the printers can even handle printing complex objects that would normally tack conventional metal fabricators a long time to produce. 3D metal printers will allow for better control of the precision of metal micro structures as well. Just in 2017, the researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory created a 3D printing technique and method that produces stainless steel parts that are actually twice as strong as those traditionally made. Here and Now I had to wonder if this is something that will be affordable for manufacturers to adopt and, it turns out that it is. Just in 2017, one of the 3D printing companies, Markforged, made and released the very first 3D metal printer and it sells for under $100,000. While this price may seem steep, when you consider what it is capable of, it is they type of futuristic technology that will be capable of paying for itself. The cost is actually much lower than many types of complex metal part development and manufacture. Development and Sales I found out that Markforged and other companies are developing larger and better 3D metal printers. They are also developing smaller ones for more detailed and tiny pieces to be created. Sales are already starting out large with many manufacturers buying everything they can that is already developed. We will see the development and sales of these 3D printers boom over the next year and then some into the future.
Serotonin and the Body • Beta-casomorphins are present in colostrum in much higher levels than they are in later breast milk. • Because beta-casomorphins affect serotonin receptors, scientists are beginning to wonder whether they could have functional roles specific to young infants. • At present these roles are unclear, although they could include effects on the lungs, heart and digestive system. Serotonin is well known as a chemical that elicits effects on the brain. But it has a vast number of other roles; for example, serotonin affects heart function, as well as milk release from the mammary gland, bladderthe human body control, and how long it takes a man to ejaculate during sex. In fact, most of the body’s serotonin is not in the central nervous system—and almost all of the 15 serotonin receptors that have been identified in the brain are also found outside of it. A potentially related curiosity to serotonin’s long list of corporal functions is that mothers feed their babes molecules that affect1 serotonin receptors. No one is entirely clear why this is. Moreover, colostrum, the sweet, golden milk produced in the first few days after birth, has much higher levels of at least two of these molecules compared with normal breast milk. In a paper2 discussing this strange bounty, Beata Jarmolowska and colleagues speculate as to what might be going on. The two molecules in question are structurally similar, going by the names of beta-casomorphin-5 (BCM-5) and beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7). There is more known about the biological roles of the latter than the former. Jarmolowska and her team measured the levels of these molecules in the milk of 30 Polish women from the town of Bialystock in the northeastern part of the country. For a typical Bialystock woman, the concentration of BCM-5 in her colostrum was five to eight times higher than in her normal breast milk; the concentration of BCM-7 was eight to nine times higher. Not only do beta-casomorphins arrive in the gut in greater concentrations during an infant’s first few days, but the odds that a given molecule will make it through the gut wall and into the bloodstream are higher in young infants because they have especially leaky gut walls. “The high level of both beta-casomorphins in colostrum suggests that these peptides may affect not only the gastrointestinal tract but also the whole organism after passing the gut barrier,” Jarmolowska et al conclude. So what biological effects might these be? The authors pick up on a few of them, the first of which is the regulation of gastrointestinal function and development. Suggestive evidence for this comes from other work that has, for instance, linked casomorphins to changes in intestinal electrolyte transport that prevent diarrhea. The second corporal effect is a potential role in allergic reactions of the skin. This is because BCM-7 has been found to cause skin rashes in a test where it was administered by injection. But the effects of allergens in the development of the immune response over time are complex, and for evolutionary reasons it seems much more probable that, on balance, the BCM-7 in breast milk is good for the health of its tiny consumers. Similarly, BCM-7 has been linked to autism and to sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS. However, a review by the European Food Safety Authority3 reported that recent data do not provide any support for either theory. Indeed, the beta-casomorphins in milk are potentially doing a whole lot more good than Jarmolowska et al speculate. For example, serotonin is important for energy balance and digestion. Serotonin’s roles outside of the brain are diverse. Depending on the type of serotonin receptor in the walls of blood vessels, the presence of serotonin (and presumably of beta-casomorphins) causes the vessels to either contract or dilate. These effects appear to extend to the lungs, where serotonin is known to help in the control of respiration. Therefore, it is conceivable that beta-casomorphins have a role in calming an infant’s breathing. Moreover, beta-casomorphins may affect serotonin receptors that modify the function of the heart. Research in this field has arisen, in part, from observations of the side effects of a kind of tumor that pumps out serotonin. Patients with “serotonin-producing carcinoid tumors” often have fast and irregular heart beats for several mechanistic reasons, including modifying how electricity is conducted across the organ and in the timing of when the heart valves close.4 There is simply so much more to know and such diversity among serotonin receptors that the literature yields conflicting answers to the question of whether beta-casomorphins activate or inhibit them. “It is likely that these molecules do something. [That] they act on all kind of systems and the result is a mixed effect,” says Renger Witkamp of Wageningen University, the Netherlands, who was one of the authors on the European Food Safety Authority report. It is also unclear why colostrum contains particularly high levels of BCM-7 and BCM-5 compared with normal breast milk, as revealed by Jarmolowska et al’s study in Bialystock. Perhaps you, the reader, will find out. 1.  Sokolov OY, Pryanikova NA, Kost NV, Zolotarev YA, Ryukert EN, Zozulya AA (2005). Reactions between beta-casomorphins-7 and 5-HT2-serotonin receptors. Bull Exp Biol Med 140: 582-584. 2.  Jarmołowska B, Sidor K, Iwan M, Bielikowicz K, Kaczmarski M, Kostyra E, Kostyra H (2007). Changes of beta-casomorphin content in human milk during lactation. Peptides 28: 1982-1986. 3.  EFSA DATEX Working Group (2009). Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides. EFSA Scientific Report 231: 1-107. 4.  Berger M, Gray JA, Roth BL (2009). The expanded biology of serotonin. Annu Rev Med 60: 355-366. Contributed by Anna Petherick Professional science writer & editor
March 1915 Caproni and Champagne In the futurist ideology war was intended as “only hygiene of the world” and exalted for its speed, strong sensations, the big boost to the industry development and its dynamism, basics principles for the movement and strongly presents in the arts associated with it. In March 1915 the Società per lo Sviluppo dell'Aviazione in Italia was founded in Milan by Gianni (1886-1957) and Federico Caproni; pioneers among the italian aeronautic industry, the brothers started the mass production of airplanes, another important symbol of the futurist movement. Despite the premises, after just a few months of mobile warfare, the conflict became static. In the same month the Battle of Champagne ended, considered the first offensive of the Allies after the end of the mobile warfare, and the first clash wich marked the beginning of a trance warfare between quagmires, trenches and barbed wire.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search A historical recreation of a chuckwagon at the Texas Parks and Wildlife Expo in Austin A chuckwagon is a type of "field kitchen" covered wagon historically used for the storage and transportation of perishable food and cooking equipment on the prairies of the United States and Canada.[1] Such wagons formed part of a wagon train of settlers or fed traveling workers such as cowboys or loggers. In modern times, chuckwagons feature in certain cooking competitions and events. Chuckwagons are also used in a type of horse racing known as chuckwagon racing. While some form of mobile kitchens had existed for generations, the invention of the chuckwagon is attributed to Charles Goodnight, a Texas rancher, the "father of the Texas Panhandle,"[2] who introduced the concept in 1866. After the American Civil War, the beef market in Texas expanded. Some cattlemen herded cattle in parts of the country that did not have railroads which would mean they needed to be fed on the road for months at a time.[3] Goodnight modified the Studebaker wagon, a durable army-surplus wagon, to suit the needs of cowboys driving cattle from Texas to sell in New Mexico. He added a "chuck box" to the back of the wagon with drawers and shelves for storage space and a hinged lid to provide a flat cooking surface. A water barrel was also attached to the wagon and canvas was hung underneath to carry firewood. A wagon box was used to store cooking supplies and cowboys' personal items.[4] Chuckwagon food typically included easy-to-preserve items like beans and salted meats, coffee, and sourdough biscuits. Food would also be gathered en route. There was no fresh fruit, vegetables, or eggs available and meat was not fresh unless an animal was injured during the run and therefore had to be killed. The meat they ate was greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, and beef, usually dried, salted or smoked. The wagon was also stocked with a water barrel and a sling to kindle wood to heat and cook food.[5][6] On cattle drives, it was common for the "cookie" who ran the wagon to be second in authority only to the "trailboss." The cookie would often act as cook, barber, dentist, and banker.[7] The term "chuck wagon" comes from "chuck", a slang term for food, and not from the nickname for "Charles".[8] Charles Goodnight's chuckwagon was named in 2003 as the "official state vehicle" of Texas; exhibit is at the Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame in the Fort Worth Stockyards in Fort Worth. The American Chuckwagon Association is an organization dedicated to the preservation of the heritage of the chuckwagon. Its members participate in chuckwagon cook-offs throughout much of the US. Through these events, the members educate the public on the history and traditions surrounding the chuckwagon. At a chuckwagon cook off, each wagon is judged on the authenticity of the wagon. Wagons must be in sound drivable condition, with equipment and construction available in the late 1800s. Contents of the chuck-box, including utensils, must also match what would have been used during the era. Wagons are also judged on the attire of their cooks. A typical chuckwagon cookoff is composed of 5 food categories: Meat (usually chicken-fried steak), Beans (pinto), Bread (sourdough or yeast), Dessert (usually peach cobbler), and potatoes. A team of judges evaluates the entries from each wagon, giving each a score. Once scores are tabulated, prizes are awarded to the top wagons. One of the most famous chuckwagon cook-offs is the Lincoln County Cowboy Symposium. Held annually for some two decades, this event attracts thousands to Ruidoso, New Mexico. Among the few chuckwagon cook-offs east of the Mississippi River takes place during SaddleUp! each February in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. Held just outside Great Smoky Mountains National Park, SaddleUp! also features a cowboy symphony and cowboy church services over a four-day period. The Academy of Western Artists presents an annual award for outstanding chuckwagon cooking as well as honors in other fields relating to the culture of the American cowboy.[9] The Rangeland Derby at the Calgary Stampede 2006 Chuckwagon racing is an event at some rodeos mainly in Western Canada such as the Calgary Stampede.[10] Chuckwagon races were held from 1952 until 1998 at Cheyenne Frontier Days,[11] one of America's biggest rodeos. There are a few professional chuckwagon racing circuits that operate in North America with the premiere circuit being run by the World Professional Chuckwagon Association (WPCA) based in Calgary, Alberta, the Western Chuckwagon Association out of Grande Prairie, AB, and Canadian Professional Chuckwagon Association out of Saskatchewan. A yearly chuckwagon race event is still held in Clinton, Arkansas.[12] So far the world's most successful Chuckwagon champion is Kelly Sutherland, who won the Calgary Stampede 12 times - the Wayne Gretzky of Chuckwagon racing.[13] He inherited this tough pioneering spirit from his grandparents Helen and Seath Sutherland who homesteaded about fifteen miles southwest of Grande Prairie, Alberta. They raised 12 children there and Seath drove a team of horses to deliver coal to feed his family during the depression. This he did after mining a coal seam from the banks of the Wapiti river. Chuckwagons are raced around a figure eight barrel obstacle, and the stove and tent poles within the wagon must not be lost. The racing team also has from two to four "outriders" who load the stove and tent poles at the start and must finish the race with the chuckwagon. Many such races are held each year in Western Canadian cities and towns. Animal welfare[edit] Chuckwagon racing is highlighted by animal welfare experts as dangerous to the horses, due to the unusually high risk of broken limbs and other bones. Horses die frequently as a result and animal welfare charities are trying to raise awareness about the sport in this light. In July 2011, a horse died in the chuckwagon race on the opening night of the Calgary Stampede.[14] Chuckwagon suppers[edit] Chuckwagon still used to prepare food at gatherings in Pecos County, Texas Cooking in ashes Tourists, mostly in the summers, can experience chuckwagon suppers, sometimes followed by live entertainment, at locations across the Western United States. See also[edit] 1. ^ Smith, Sheryl. "Cowboy Cooking". American Profile. Archived from the original on 2009-07-08. Retrieved 2010-01-25. 2. ^ In the Driftway. (1928). [Article]. Nation, 126(3281), 589-590. 3. ^ Thompson, Bill. "American Chuck Wagon Association". Retrieved 2014-10-30. 4. ^ Garrison, Mary Helen. "Charles Goodnight". Harding County, NM. Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. 5. ^ Sharpe, P. (1996). Camping it up. [Article]. Texas Monthly, 24(9), 92. 6. ^ Butler, Stephanie (August 8, 2014). "From Chuck Wagons to Pushcarts: The History of the Food Truck". (A&E Television Networks). Retrieved 13 December 2014. 7. ^ "Chuck Wagon". Retrieved 2010-01-25. 8. ^ Harper, Douglas (2010). "chuck (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. 9. ^ "". The Academy Of Western Artists. Retrieved December 24, 2017. 10. ^ "Calgary Stampede Chuckwagon Races". Retrieved 2010-01-25. 11. ^ "Wagon races may return". 2006-10-19. Retrieved 2010-01-25. 12. ^ "Chuckwagon Race". Retrieved 2010-01-25. 13. ^ "Profile - Kelly Sutherland". Official website of the World Professional Chuckwagon Association. Retrieved December 7, 2017. 14. ^ "Chuckwagon horse euthanized on the first night of Stampede". 2011-07-09. Retrieved 2011-07-11. External links[edit]
Welsh surnames From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Fixed family names were adopted in Wales from the 15th century onwards.[1] Until this point, the Welsh had a patronymic naming system. In 1292, 48 per cent of Welsh names were patronymics, and in some parishes over 70 per cent. Other names were derived from nicknames, (rarely) occupational names, and a few non-hereditary personal names.[2] Patronymic names changed from generation to generation, with a person's baptismal name being linked by ap, ab (son of) or ferch (daughter of) to the father's baptismal name.[1] For example, Evan son of Thomas would be known as Evan (ap) Thomas; Evan's son, John, would be John (ab) Evan; and John's son Rees would be Rees (ap) John. Patronymics could be extended with names of grandfathers and earlier ancestors, to perhaps the seventh generation.[1] Names such as Llewelyn ap Dafydd ab Ieuan ap Gruffudd ap Meredydd were not uncommon. Those extended patronymics were essentially a genealogical history of the person's ancestry along the male line. The Encyclopedia of Wales surmises that the system arose from Welsh law, which made it essential for people to know how people were descended from an ancestor.[1] These laws were decaying by the later Middle Ages, and the patronymic system was gradually replaced by fixed surnames, although the use of patronymic names continued up until the early 19th century in some rural areas. In the reign of Henry VIII surnames became hereditary amongst the Welsh gentry, and the custom spread slowly amongst commoners.[2] Areas where English influence was strong abandoned patronymics earlier, as did town families and the wealthy. New surnames retained the "ap" in a few cases, mainly in reduced form at the start of the surname, as in Upjohn (from ap John), Powell (from ap Hywel), and Bowen (from ab Owen). Alternatively, the ap was simply dropped entirely. The most common surnames in modern Wales result from adding an s to the end of the name, as in Jones, Roberts and Edwards. Patronymic surnames with the short -s form are recorded in various parts of England dating back to the Middle Ages, and the Welsh practice was presumably in imitation of this. As most Welsh surnames, however, are derived from patronymics, and often based on a small set of first names, Welsh communities are full of families bearing the same surnames, but who are completely unrelated; it cannot be assumed that two people named Jones, even in the same village, must have inherited the surname from a common ancestor. It is not uncommon for five or more of the starting fifteen for the Wales international rugby team to be named Jones (all of the following played in the same period and are not immediately related to any of the others: Adam R. Jones, Dafydd Jones, Ryan Jones, Stephen Jones, Mark Jones, Adam M. Jones, Alun Wyn Jones, Duncan Jones). The prevalence of names such as Jones, Williams and Thomas brought a need for further distinction and in the 19th century a trend started for double surnames, created by prefixing the name of a house, parish or the mother's surname, as in "Cynddylan Jones". A hyphen was sometimes later introduced, for example "Nash-Williams".[2] Frequency of use[edit] The stock of Welsh surnames is very small, which is partly attributable to the reduction in the variety of baptismal names after the Protestant Reformation.[1] The typical Welsh surnames Evans, Jones, Williams, Davies and Thomas were all found in the top ten surnames recorded in England and Wales in 2000.[2][3] An analysis of the geography of Welsh surnames commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government found that 718,000 people in Wales, nearly 35% of the Welsh population, have a family name of Welsh origin, compared with 5.3% in the rest of the United Kingdom, 4.7% in New Zealand, 4.1% in Australia, and 3.8% in the United States. A total of 16.3 million people in the countries studied had a name of Welsh origin.[4] List of most common surnames in Wales[edit] [5] Numbers in brackets indicate percentages. 1. Jones (5.75) 2. Williams (3.72) 3. Davies (3.72) 4. Evans (2.47) 5. Thomas (2.43) 6. Roberts (1.53) 7. Lewis (1.53) 8. Hughes (1.23) 9. Morgan (1.16) 10. Griffiths (0.96) 11. Edwards (0.93) 12. Smith (0.85) 13. James (0.82) 14. Rees (0.81) 15. Jenkins (0.69) 16. Owen (0.67) 17. Price (0.67) 18. Phillips (0.65) 19. Moss (0.63) 20. Driscoll (0.53) 21. Collins (0.48) 22. Lloyd (0.34) 23. Collier (7.70) Modern revival of patronymics[edit] Although the vast majority of Welsh surnames are now family names as in the rest of the UK, there has been a limited revival of patronymics in modern Wales, especially among Welsh speakers. Alternatively, given surnames are used, as in the case of the folk singer and political figure Dafydd Iwan (Dafydd Iwan Jones), opera singer Bryn Terfel (Bryn Terfel Jones), classical singer Shân Cothi, and the late actress Myfanwy Talog (Myfanwy Talog Williams).[citation needed] See also[edit] 1. ^ a b c d e John Davies; Nigel Jenkins; Menna Baines; Peredur I. Lynch, eds. (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 838. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6. 2. ^ a b c d Reaney, P.H.; Wilson, (1997). A Dictionary of English Surnames. R.M. (Third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1ii. ISBN 0-19-860092-5. 3. ^ "How common is your name?" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 3 May 2000. Retrieved 26 November 2009. 4. ^ Webber, Richard. "The Welsh diaspora : Analysis of the geography of Welsh names" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2009. 5. ^ Data from University College London, Paediatric-Epidemiology Significance Surnames Paper. External links[edit]
Women in conservatism in the United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Women in conservatism in the United States have advocated for social, political, economic, and cultural conservative policies since Anti-suffragism.[1] Leading conservative women such as Phyllis Schlafly have expressed that women should embrace their privileged essential nature.[2] This thread of belief can be traced through the Anti-Suffrage movement, the Red Scare, and the Reagan Era, and is still present in the 21st century, especially in several conservative women's organizations such as Concerned Women for America and the Independent Women's Forum.[3] Women first began to oppose suffrage in Massachusetts in 1868. They succeeded in blocking the proposal, and this caused the movement to gain momentum.[4] The National Association Opposed to Women Suffrage (NAOWS) was thus formed by Josephine Dodge in 1911 with approximately 350,000 members. This organization mostly consisted of wealthy women who were often wives of politicians.[1] These women helped defeat nearly 40 suffrage proposals, and published the Women's Protest in order to voice their agenda nationwide.[1] Dodge and the organization argued that women should stay out of politics in order to be more efficient and diligent in "work for which her nature and her training fit her."[5] These anti-feminist beliefs are what shaped the anti-suffrage crusade.[1] The Goldwater campaign[edit] A major source of conservative women's activism was in Southern California in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly in Orange County, California. These women mainly consisted of "suburban warriors," or middle class housewives who feared that their Christian nation was under attack. Increasing Cold War tensions and fears of Communism allowed for these women to mobilize groups such as the John Birch Society and the American Civil Liberties Union to pursue their political agendas.[3] They eventually backed politician Barry Goldwater and successfully campaigned for him to become the presidential candidate for the Republican Party in 1964. However, Goldwater lost the national election to Lyndon Johnson in a landslide.[3] Still, his nomination illustrated the shift from moderation to more hardline stances in many members of the Republican Party. His campaign also showcased the success of conservative grassroots organizations and mobilization.[6] The Reagan Era[edit] After Goldwater's defeat, grassroots conservatives had to rethink their strategy. Thus, conservative women soon turned to Ronald Reagan. He won over the support of the women of Orange County and successfully unified the party when he was elected Governor of California in the 1966 election. However, there were some women that opposed him due to his more mainstream views. Cyril Stevenson, a prominent leader of the California Republican Assembly, sought to undermine his candidacy. These attempts failed, nevertheless, as Reagan was elected.[3] However, a significantly lower number of women than men voted for Reagan when he was eventually elected President of the United States. Reagan gained the support of more conservative women by attempting to close this "gender gap." He enacted equal rights policies attempting to end discrimination laws.[7] Still, Reagan's election showed that the new Republican majority, although still coined "mainstream," was now built on anti-liberalism and contained more conservative views, and conservative women activists like the women of Orange County played a very important role in that shift.[3] In 21st century politics[edit] Michele Bachmann[edit] Michele Bachmann unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for president in the 2012 election. Although Bachmann attempted to utilize conservative views that appeal to the Tea Party movement, the media's coverage of her was very different from her male candidates. The media instead focused on her migraines, her marriage, and her hair and makeup style choices.[8] However, her campaign started strongly, as she performed well in the first presidential debate and soon led in the primary polls. Bachmann was forced to drop out of the race after her poor performance in the Iowa caucuses.[9] Still, many conservative women continue to support her, and this support along with that of Sarah Palin in 2008 shows that conservatives now seriously consider women for major political roles.[10][11] Bachmann's run also sparked the debate of women's role in politics and public policy, and whether or not gender roles should be reexamined.[11] Carly Fiorina Carly Fiorina[edit] Carly Fiorina began as a successful businesswoman, becoming the CEO of Hewlett-Packard in 1999. However, Fiorina was fired from her position in 2005 due to a number of factors such as economic conditions, operational failures, gender bias, and questionable ethics.[12] Fiorina turned to politics and won the Republican nomination for senator of California in 2010, but lost to incumbent democrat Barbara Boxer. She quickly gathered acclaim from the Republican base, and was appointed chair of the American Conservative Union Foundation in 2013.[13] In 2015, she announced her candidacy for President of the United States. Although she was the only viable female candidate in the Republican primary, she was reluctant to indulge in gender politics, due to both her conservative and corporate personas.[14] Fiorina dropped out of the race in February 2016 to endorse Ted Cruz, and soon became his running mate.[13] Sarah Palin Sarah Palin[edit] In 2010, Sarah Palin, whose nomination to run for Vice President with Republican presidential candidate John McCain was a visible ascent of a conservative woman in 2008, declared a new voice for those women and supported many women for Congress whom she labeled "Mama Grizzlies."[15] Many supported Palin because of her stances against abortion and other issues that defy feminists; her "soccer mom" persona also was very appealing.[10] Palin and McCain eventually lost the general election.[16] Notable figures[edit] Ann Coulter Ann Coulter[edit] As a political commentator, Ann Coulter has written numerous books and columns, and often appears as a political commentator on conservative television, she is one of the most recognizable and influential voices for conservative women today, as she has started many conservative political trends such as the continual critique of mainstream liberalism.[17] Phyllis Schlafly[edit] Phyllis Schlafly As a conservative, Phyllis Schlafly argued that the female gender is actually privileged, and that women have "the most rights and rewards, and the fewest duties."[2] She advocates for women to embrace their, according to her, biological nature, and to stay out of politics and the workplace. She continually argues against feminists and claims that they actually take away rights from women.[2] She thus led the opposition against the Equal Rights Amendment, and successfully stopped it from becoming law.[18] Schlafly opposed the amendment not only because it stripped women of their special privilege in her eyes, but it was also anti-Christian because it promoted anti-Christian policies such as abortion, sex education, and LGTBQ rights. She also disliked the power it would give to federal courts and take away from the states.[19] Other Figures[edit] Concerned Women for America[edit] Concerned Women for America is a religious organization that seeks to promote Christian values. The ideology falls under that of Social conservatism. Their agenda includes stopping the "decline in moral values of our nation,"[21] restricting access to pornography, defunding the United Nations, defining the definition of family as heterosexually led, opposing abortion, and advocating for prayer in schools. The CWA promotes anti-feminist ideologies, such as a woman's primary role is that of a mother and homemaker, while simultaneously engaging in identity politics in order to attempt to prove this.[1] Independent Women's Forum[edit] The Independent Women's Forum is an organization based more in Economic Conservatism. Unlike the CWA, their agenda includes opposition to the Violence Against Women Act, supporting the war in Iraq and women's rights there, challenging feminist professors on college campuses, opposing affirmative action, and other economic conservative policies. However, IWF is more based in Libertarianism than the Republican Party, since they strive for economic freedom.[1] Similarly to CWA, IWF also engages in identity politics in order to attract career women to their organization; they advocate. IWF is relatively small at 1,600 members, but is constantly growing and thriving.[22] Other organizations[edit] See also[edit] 1. ^ a b c d e f Schreiber, Ronnee (2008). Righting Feminism: Conservative Women & American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press. 2. ^ a b c Schlafly, Phyllis (2003). Feminist Fantasies. Spence Publishing Company. 3. ^ a b c d e McGirr, Lisa (2001). Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. 4. ^ Jablonsky, Thomas (2002). "Female Opposition: The Anti-Suffrage Campaign". Votes for Women: 118–129. 5. ^ Dodge, Arthur (1914). "Woman Suffrage Opposed to Women's Rights". American Academy of Political and Social Science. 56: 99–104. doi:10.1177/000271621405600113. 6. ^ Mulloy, D (2014). The World of the John Birch Society : Conspiracy, Conservatism, and the Cold War. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. 7. ^ Chappell, Marissa (2012). "Reagan's "Gender Gap" Strategy and the Limitations of Free-Market Feminism". Journal of Policy History. 24: 115–134. doi:10.1017/s0898030611000406. 8. ^ Bystrom, Dianne; Dimitrova, Daniela V. (2013). "Migraines, Marriage, and Mascara: Media Coverage of Michele Bachmann in the 2012 Republican Presidential Campaign". American Behavioral Scientist. 58 (9): 1169–1182. doi:10.1177/0002764213506221. 9. ^ Greenwood, Molly M.; Coker, Calvin R. (2016). "The political is personal: analyzing the presidential primary debate performances of Hillary Clinton and Michele Bachmann". Argumentation and Advocacy. 52 (3): 165–180. doi:10.1080/00028533.2016.11821868. 10. ^ a b Sharrow, Elizabeth A.; Strolovitch, Dara Z.; Heaney, Michael T.; Masket, Seth E.; Miller, Joanne M. (2016). "Gender Attitudes, Gendered Partisanship: Feminism and Support for Sarah Palin and Hillary Clinton among Party Activists". Journal of Women, Politics & Policy. 37 (4): 394–416. doi:10.1080/1554477x.2016.1223444. 11. ^ a b Schreiber, Ronnee (2016). "Gender Roles, Motherhood, and Politics: Conservative Women's Organizations Frame Sarah Palin and Michele Bachmann". Journal of Women, Politics & Policy. 27: 1–23. doi:10.1080/1554477X.2016.1115319. 12. ^ Johnson, Craig (2008). "The Rise and Fall of Carly Fiorina: An Ethical Case Study". Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 15 (2): 188–196. doi:10.1177/1548051808320983. 13. ^ a b Stewart, Alan (2016). "Fiorina, Carly". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 14. ^ Caughell, Leslie (2016). "When Playing the Woman Card is Playing Trump: Assessing the Efficacy of Framing Campaigns as Historic". PS, Political Science & Politics. 49 (4): 736–742. doi:10.1017/S1049096516001438. 15. ^ "What Does 'Mama Grizzly' Really Mean?". Newsweek. September 27, 2010. Retrieved December 17, 2016. 16. ^ Brox, Brian J.; Cassels, Madison L. (2009). "The Contemporary Effects of Vice-Presidential Nominees: Sarah Palin and the 2008 Presidential Campaign". Journal of Political Marketing. 8 (4): 349–363. doi:10.1080/15377850903263870. 17. ^ Chambers, Samuel; Finlayson, Alan (2008). "Ann Coulter and the Problem of Pluralism: From Values to Politics". Borderlands. 7. 18. ^ Osgood, Kenneth (2009). "Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservativism". American Communist History. 8: 127–129. doi:10.1080/14743890902830667. 19. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (2005). Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 20. ^ "A Tale of Two Cities: U.s. Senator Paula Hawkins and Homebody Hubby Gene". 21. ^ "Concerned Women for America". concernedwomen.org. Retrieved December 17, 2016. 22. ^ Spindel, Barbara (2003). "Conservatism as the "Sensible Middle": The Independent Women's Forum, Politics, and the Media". Social Text. 21 (4): 99–125. doi:10.1215/01642472-21-4_77-99. External links[edit]
Online Anonymity Guaranteed by DARPA International Data Encryption Algorithm. image from wikipedia DARPA announced plans on March 11, 2015 to research and develop tools for online privacy, one of the most vexing problems facing the connected world as devices and data proliferate beyond a capacity to be managed responsibly. Named for former Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, who while a student at Harvard law school co-developed the concept of a “right to privacy”…The goal of DARPA’s newly launched Brandeis program is to enable information systems that would allow individuals, enterprises and U.S. government agencies to keep personal and/or proprietary information private. Existing methods for protecting private information fall broadly into two categories: filtering the release of data at the source, or trusting the user of the data to provide diligent protection. Filtering data at the source, such as by removing a person’s name or identity from a data set or record, is increasingly inadequate because of improvements in algorithms that can cross-correlate redacted data with public information to re-identify the individual. According to research conducted by Dr. Latanya Sweeney at Carnegie Mellon University, birthdate, zip code and gender are sufficient to identify 87% of Americans by name. On the other side of the equation, trusting an aggregator and other data recipients to diligently protect their store of data is also difficult. In the past few months alone, as many as 80 million social security numbers were stolen from a health insurer, terabytes of sensitive corporate data (including personnel records) were exfiltrated from a major movie studio and many personal images were illegitimately downloaded from cloud services. “Currently, most consumers do not have effective mechanisms to protect their own data, and the people with whom we share data are often not effective at providing adequate protection,,” Currently, we do not have effective mechanisms to protect data ourselves, and the people with whom we share data are often not effective at providing adequate protection.The vision of the Brandeis program is to break the tension between (a) maintaining privacy and (b) being able to tap into the huge value of data. Rather than having to balance between them, Brandeis aims to build a third option, enabling safe and predictable sharing of data in which privacy is preserved. Specifically, Brandeis will develop tools and techniques that enable us to build systems in which private data may be used only for its intended purpose and no other. The potential for impact is dramatic. Assured data privacy can open the doors to personal medicine (leveraging cross-linked genotype/phenotype data), effective smart cities (where buildings, energy use, and traffic controls are all optimized minute by minute), detailed global data (where every car is gathering data on the environment, weather, emergency situations, etc.), and fine grained internet awareness (where every company and device shares network and cyber-attack data). Without strong privacy controls, every one of these possibilities would face systematic opposition [it should]. From the DARPA website, DARPA Brandies (pdf) Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out /  Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Diamond Joinery The Tradition of Burning a Candle in Your Window at Christmas There is a certain Christmas tradition in the UK which has prevailed for generations. It involves putting a candle in your window. Though other traditions, like presents under the tree, are more prevalent, many people still have a special place in their hearts reserved for it. But what exactly does it mean and what are its origins? Lighting the candle and putting it on your window sill dates back to colonial times. Irish Catholics used to face intense repressions from the British, which prevented them from overtly practicing their faith. Priests had to perform their rituals underground, while believers left candles lit in their windows and their doors unlocked, signalling to priests that their home was safe to visit. Of course, times have changed and this is no longer the purpose of the candle, and most people don’t even realise its significance. Nowadays, it serves more of a symbolic role. We put up candles for Christmas as a shining beacon of hope. The light within the darkness reminds us of all the family members that are gone. Whether they’re just far away and unable to turn up, or no longer among the living, the candle can act as a form of prayer for them. It’s a quiet reminder that Christmas is about so much more than just the consumerist craze connected to presents. In a similar vein, it is also used to welcome travelers come from afar, who may be in need on this special night. Christians are far from the only religions to practice putting up a candle in their window. Though in Christianity, the candle acts as a representation of the Star of Bethlehem, Jewish people put up something called a menorah in their windows. It’s a custom related to the celebration of Hanukkah, which is usually celebrated at around the time Christmas is. Nowadays, it serves the role of a symbol of their undying faith. But the candle doesn’t have to have a religious or even spiritual meaning. It can serve as a symbol of helping those in need, or a simple decoration. It’s a means of spreading happiness by reminding people that no amount of darkness can ever distinguish the light of a burning candle. And it’s that sense of hope that has made the tradition prevail to this day.
gateway meaning, gateway definition | English Cobuild dictionary Search also in: Web News Encyclopedia Images   ( gateways    plural  ) 1       n-count   A gateway is an entrance where there is a gate.   He walked across the park and through a gateway.      2       n-count   A gateway to somewhere is a place which you go through because it leads you to a much larger place.   usu N to n   Lyons is the gateway to the Alps for motorists driving out from Britain.      3       n-count   If something is a gateway to a job, career, or other activity, it gives you the opportunity to make progress or get further success in that activity.   with supp, usu N to n   The prestigious title offered a gateway to success in the highly competitive world of modelling.      4       n-count   In computing, a gateway connects different computer networks so that information can be passed between them.     (COMPUTING)   gateway drug        ( gateway drugs    plural  ) A gateway drug is a drug such as cannabis that is believed by some people to lead to the use of more harmful drugs such as heroin or cocaine.      n-count   Translation English Cobuild Collins Dictionary   Add your entry in the Collaborative Dictionary.
An online resource based on the award-winning nature guide Bird Identification Woodpeckers Drumming Non-vocal communication between woodpeckers has become apparent in the last week or so — hairy woodpeckers have started to hammer out bursts of steady staccato drum beats on nearby trees. Both male and female woodpeckers drum year round, but they do so most intensively from January to May, especially during the courtship and early nesting seasons which begin in March. Woodpeckers drum for a variety of reasons: defending territory, attracting a mate, maintaining contact with a mate, signaling readiness for copulation and summoning a mate from a distance. Woodpecker pairs also engage in duet drumming, which is thought to play a role in nest site selection and in promoting and maintaining the bond between mates. If you are hearing but not seeing a woodpecker drumming, it is possible to identify the species by the pattern and pace of its drumming. According to ornithologist David Sibley, the drum of the Hairy Woodpecker is extremely fast and buzzing, with at least 25 taps per second, but has long pauses of 20 seconds or more between drums. The Downy Woodpecker drums at a slower rate, only about 15 taps per second, and drums frequently, often with pauses of only a few seconds between each drum. (Photo is of a female Hairy Woodpecker.) Cedar vs. Bohemian Waxwings Female Purple Finch or House Finch? 12-2-15 female purple finch IMG_0523While the eastern population of Purple Finches has declined significantly since the invasion of House Finches (a few California individuals released from a pet store in New York City in 1939 as well as natural expansion of its western range resulted in a population explosion of House Finches in the east), both species can appear at feeders. Without fail, every winter I have to relearn the field marks that distinguish these two birds. Both males and females of these respective species are quite similar, but it is the drab and sparrow-like females that send me flying to a field guide. Three features stand out as most helpful in distinguishing female Purple Finches from House Finches. The female Purple Finch has short, dark streaks on her breast, whereas the House Finch’s breast streaks are quite blurry. The female (and male) Purple Finch has a distinctly notched tail; the House Finch’s tail is just slightly notched. Finally, and most obvious, are their respective head patterns. Female Purple Finches have a conspicuous light eyebrow stripe that contrasts with a solid, dark brown ear patch, both of which the House Finch lacks. Being seed eaters, Purple Finches are attracted to sunflower seed feeders, and if you feed birds, this provides ample opportunity to observe these field marks. While doing so, you may notice that Purple Finches can be fairly aggressive with each other when vying for this source of food. Surprisingly, more often than not, the female prevails. (photo: female Purple Finch) Male Blackburnian Warblers Singing blackburnian warbler 473Male Blackburnian Warblers are relatively easy to identify by sight. They are the only North American warbler with an orange throat, and their intense orange breeding plumage is unmistakable. However, because they often forage for spiders and insects high in the canopy where they are hidden from sight, Blackburnians are often located by ear. Their singing peaks soon after they arrive on their breeding grounds. To hear the thin, high-pitched song unmated males sing, as well as mated males when they are near the females, go to (Sound recording © Lang Elliott – &
Fountas and Pinnell Guided Reading Fifth and sixth graders typically read across a wide range of levels, usually between a level R and level Z.  Finding a student's reading level, finding books for them to enjoy independently and for instruction is a true pleasure. Assessment-Checklists reading.pdf Adobe Acrobat Document 394.9 KB
Insulin resistance: hair loss and diet insulin resistance Discover the importance of diet to combat insulin resistance hair loss In this article we discuss the importance of diet and insulin resistance hair loss. Insulin is a vital hormone used by your body to regulate blood sugar levels.  Your blood sugar levels can affect various systems of your body. Including how your body stores fat, the health of your heart and your ability to grow hair. A study by the European Journal of Cardiovascular Risk found a correlation between insulin resistance in women and androgenic alopecia (AGA), or female pattern baldness. Hair Loss and Glycaemic Loads Research continues to prove that processed food contributes to hair loss as they have a high glycaemic load.   Food with a high glycaemic load tends to raise your blood sugar levels after eating.   There is other research that indicates that male baldness has a correlation to insulin resistance.   They even state that insulin resistance can be diagnosed visually by baldness. Insulin resistance and Hair Loss: How Diet Causes androgenetic alopecia You’ve probably heard of male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia). Which is a condition that many people (men and women) deal with.  Some experience it at earlier ages than others. Traditionally, male pattern baldness was thought to be related to genetics; passed down through the bloodline.  More recently, evidence has been discovered between hair loss, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Recent studies ((e.g. this one, this one, and this one) indicate that metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance can be predicted by an early onset of male pattern baldness.  The two conditions appear to be linked and research on this continues. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a male hormone.  When an individual suffers from male pattern baldness, DHT appears to attach itself to their hair follicles.  When this happens over an extended period of time, it reduces the size of hair follicles. Even to the point that they stop functioning.  This process also stops new hair growth. Metabolic syndrome and medical conditions Metabolic syndrome affects more and more of the population as we begin to rely more heavily on processed foods and less healthy diets. Below is a list of medical conditions that are related to metabolic syndrome: • Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) • High serum triglycerides • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Low HDL (“good” cholesterol) levels • Obesity Insulin resistance treatment with adapting your diet Importance of diet on insulin resistance Your diet and the food you eat has an impact on three factors that influence male pattern balding:  insulin, metabolic syndrome and DHT.   Some foods that you eat will raise your insulin levels. These reactions then increase the amount of DHT in your system as well.  Foods that increase your insulin levels are also likely to lead to metabolic syndrome. Healthy fats are good for your health Have you ever heard of the concept ‘good fats’?  Polyunsaturated, omega 3 and 6 and fatty acids are good for you. Further, by eating linoleic and linoleic acids, you can raise your HDL levels.  Interestingly, these fats are also 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. 5-alpha-reductase is what turns testosterone into DHT. DHT causes hair loss. So low dietary levels of HDL may lead to more 5-alpha-reductase. Which can result in higher DHT. This, in turn, may result in more hair loss Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or fatty acid called linoleic acid can be found in dairy, beef and butter. (I don’t eat dairy, it makes me feel awful) We need to absorb them through our diet as the body is unable to assimilate these fatty acids. Butter, beef, red meat, fat, etc. cause fear in many people’s mind for weight gain, heart attacks, etc. However, the reality is that high-quality, healthy fats are exquisite for you. Healthy fats are not making you fat! They are good for you and help you combat insulin resistance It is a misconception that healthy fats are making you fat, they are great for fat-burning, building muscles, bone-building, fighting cancer, etc. In the last few years, I’ve increased the number of healthy fats I eat. I can honestly say my weight has never been so stable. Bear in mind that I DON’T diet or count calories. In fact, I’m consuming more calories than ever before! To remain healthy, the human body needs three types of fats. Saturated, (yes!!) polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and polyunsaturated omega-6 fats. These different fats all have various jobs, from digestion to brain functions.  (fish, meat, seeds, nuts) As with everything, quality is important. Especially when we consume animal products and I only eat grass-fed animals. What is insulin resistance? The term “insulin resistance” is being discussed more and more when it comes to health.  It is a medical condition in which the cells of the body no longer respond to insulin as they should. Your body uses insulin to keep your blood sugar levels at the normal range.  When you consume sugars or carbohydrates, they turn into glucose within your body.  In response, your body releases the insulin needed to infuse glucose into every cell of your body. Undetected Insulin resistance leads to type 2 diabetes When your body becomes resistant to insulin (insulin resistance), your cells aren’t able to receive the glucose they need for energy. And instead of being distributed to your cells, insulin remains in your blood, at very high levels.  Your body naturally releases more insulin in response to elevated blood sugar levels and a cycle begins.  Undetected, this cycle leads to type II diabetes. Insulin resistance and hair loss Our hair has difficulties with continuing changes in the blood sugar. Furthermore, it can’t cope with the continuous highs and lows, which may interrupt the growth cycle. For this reason, it’s likely that insulin resistance may cause hair loss. Hair is one of the first noticeable areas that show the body is suffering from something. Primitive cultures didn’t have access to this kind of foods that are causing these highs and lows. For instance, and Inuit’s diet consists mainly of fats and fish. Obviously, they wouldn’t undergo such swings. Hormones within the human body interact with one another.  When certain hormones change (increase or decrease), other hormones are affected. in addition, they can change as well in response. Get tested before it’s too late! As you can see, the link between early onset male pattern baldness and insulin resistance could lead to a more serious condition, like diabetes.  Therefore, those with early onset male pattern baldness should get tested for type II diabetes and insulin resistance during their regular health check-ups. Insulin, SHBG, and DHT Men and women who suffer from hair loss have been found to have low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).  A correlation has also been established between insulin and SHBG that when insulin levels are high, SHBG levels are low. When SHBG levels are high, DHT levels tend to be low because SHBG binds to DHT.  This prevents DHT from binding to androgen receptors the way it should.  These reactions leave less DHT to bind to hair follicles, leading to hair loss. TIPS to lower your daily Glycaemic Intake Further, the Glycaemic Index is used to count the carbohydrate intake per serving. On top of that, processed food with a high glycaemic load is devoid of enzymes. They are also the primary cause of many diseases and health problems. Including hair loss. In addition, to keep your body healthy, your mind stable and your energy high, eat food (and drink) with a low GI load. Go for whole, natural foods, healthy fats, meats, fish, vegetables, nuts, bone broth, etc. Consume a diet plan that is right for your body type Lastly, remember also to eat food that’s right for your body type as we’re all different and our bodies need different things. Keep making efforts to lower the amount of GI load in your diet every single day. For more information to help you determine how much GI is in certain food visit: www.glycemicindex.com If you would like to read about the 55 hair loss causes, please ensure to check out this link.  Or to discover more information about optimal health and living a holistic lifestyle, click here. I hope you liked this insulin resistance page. If you would like to learn more about clean living and how I saved my life from being chronically ill and tired to the lively person I am today, ensure to check out other pages of this anti-ageing wellness platform. Let me help you right now! Receive YOUR Welcome Kit that includes a wide range of topics, from simple and easy healthy brain recipes to clean living, ditching toxic chemicals with loads of practical advice that you can implement immediately Receive YOUR Welcome Kit that includes: • A Brief Guide on how to break up with toxins • 15 hair treatment blends for healthy hair • 11 healthy brain recipes for a happy mood • A brief guide on why your hair may be falling • 10 toxin-free beauty & household recipes Claim your free e-book Zero spam. Unsubscribe any time. Join our health community on a holistic journey to feel whole, fit & happy Hot on the trail to examine what is in your food, hair, beauty & household products whole, fit & happy! error: Alert: Content is protected !!
The lung cancer mystery We dwell a lot on the many unknowns about the bird flu H5N1 virus. What could make it easily transmissible between people? What determines what host it infects? What makes it so virulent? With the threat of a pandemic looming it can sometimes seem the virus is an especially, maybe even uniquely, wily foe. Every move we make it changes to outsmart us. We remain helpless. But the same is true of so many other deadly threats, including one that killed over 160,000 people in the US last year: lung cancer. What makes lung cancer so deadly? Why are some lung cancers so aggressive? What makes it spread? Are all lung cancers deadly or only some of them? As with H5N1, we are looking in the genetics of the lung cancer cell and a new study, just published in Nature, looks at what genes are consistently different in lung cancer by analyzing hundreds of tumors: Of particular interest was a specific proto-oncogene called NKX2-1 that appears involved in as many as 12 percent of lung adenocarcinomas -- the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, said the group, whose work was in part financed by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The group noted, however, that analysis indicates that many of the genes that play a role in the disease remain to be discovered. The team found 57 frequent genomic changes in their analysis of the genetics of tumors taken from lung cancer patients. Of these, 15 are linked to genes known to be involved in lung cancer. The rest remain to be discovered. The gene NKX2-1 is essential in the development of cells that line the alveoli of the lungs. Mice lacking the gene die at birth because they cannot breathe. However, it is a proto-oncogene, which means that it can mutate into a gene that promotes development of cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Using gene chip or microarrays, researchers compared the genomes of 371 lung adenocarcinomas to 242 normal lung samples using special gene chips to analyze approximately 250,000 genetic markers. Their analyses identified areas of genetic material that has been repeated or deleted in the tumors. Among these were six areas currently associated with known mutations in lung cancers. The most common event was an increase in genetic information on one arm of chromosome 14, where NKX2-1 is found in that area of the chromosome. Using a variety of techniques, including RNA interference, they determined that NKX2-1 is essential for the survival of lung cancer cell lines that express the gene. (Medical News Today) Cancer is not a simple disease. Cancer cells are normal cells that have been reprogrammed to behave aberrantly: they divide when they shouldn't and they comfortably grow in places where they shouldn't. They don't care about the welfare of the tissues around them or the body in which they out compete normal cells. They are deviant cells. 160,000 people die a year from lung cancer. Every year. Year after year. We know cigarettes killed most of them but we don't know exactly how any more than we know what would make H5N1 easily transmissible between people. Mysteries -- deadly mysteries -- abound. More like this One of the biggest stories over the last decade was how metabolism taught researchers new lessons on cancer. Say what? Here is a brief history lesson on how cancer was viewed by cell biologists over the last hundred years. Today I'll talk about how our views changed from metabolism to oncogenes,… Hey, you guys remember a while back, when Casey 'Tits' Luskin about peed his pants because 'ERVS AR BE FUNKSHUNAL!!' Except, this is really another case of Creationists not knowing the difference between an ERV, solo LTRs, and random wayward ERV genes. And those solo LTRs that could theoretically… As Carl Zimmer recently (and rightly) pointed out at the end of an article on epigenetics, while the concept of being able to alter our epigenetic profiles for therapeutic purposes is a really attractive concept, our current epigenetic therapy options are very, very messy. Like I said last week:… In the previous two parts I've described how cell biologists (and scientists in related fields) began to uncover the causes of cancer. Today I'll wrap things up with a recent discovery that goes full circle. But first lets have a recap and an expansion on some key points. I started this series of… Life is a deadly mystery to begin with. By christian (not verified) on 06 Nov 2007 #permalink Hi, I was wondering if you could post a link to the article you are talking about. It would make it much easier for the rest of us to read it too... Mysteries -- deadly mysteries -- abound. We are definitely doing our best! This is definitely a huge, huge paper that raises a ton of new questions�all during Lung Cancer Awareness Month. Very apropos. We do know that if you do not smoke, you may have a better chance of avoiding lung cancer. And I think we know that if you stop the factory farming of birds, you may be able to stop the conditions that may have produced bird flu. If the report today of a family cluster of bird flu involving a father and son, with the father living in Korea; and the son flying from Korea to Vietnam; and both sick with possible bird flu infections is confirmed, we may have to acknowledge that H5N1 is now moving much closer to stage 6, meaning easily transfered from one human to another through casual contact by coughing, in other words, the airborne vector.
Select Page Have you ever wondered why two similar-looking tubers in your grocery store have completely different names? Are you sure that the yam you bought is actually not a sweet potato or vice versa? It is true that yams and sweet potatoes look alike but in reality they are completely different. They are not even related in any way. What is a sweet potato? Sweet potatoes come in a lot of varieties. Depending on the type, they are cooked differently and have different taste and texture. The colors can range from white and yellow to purple and red. Regardless of being called potatoes, they have almost nothing in common with regular potatoes. Firstly, they originate from South or Central America and are generally produced there. Then, they are longer and have smooth skin. Finally, they are much sweeter and moister than regular potatoes. What is a yam? Yams look like sweet potatoes, but have almost nothing in common. They originate from Africa and continue to be almost entirely grown there. Yams generally get a lot bigger than sweet potatoes and can get up to 1.5 meters in length. Their skin is different. It is rough and hard to peel. Just like sweet potatoes, yams can be found in a variety of colors. Their taste, however, is not as sweet. In fact, they are a lot starchier and drier. Why are yams and sweet potatoes mistaken so much? Generally, yams are not very common in America. The chances that you have bought a product labeled as yam and it was actually a sweet potato are huge. There are two main types of sweet potatoes. Therefore, soft and firm sweet potatoes need different labels. Since yams and soft sweet potatoes have a lot more in common, people took the term “yam” and used it for soft sweet potatoes. The reality is that this continues to be used nowadays and the chances are that you have yet to try a yam. Different nutrient contents and health benefits Obviously, if they are different plants, they have different nutrient contents and benefits. Sweet potatoes contain more water than yams – 77% to 70%. On the other side, yams are filled with a lot more carbohydrates. Sweet potatoes contain fewer calories per serving as well. Yams are packed with nutrients important for bone health while potatoes are rich in vitamins. As for health benefits, yams have not yet been studied. Sweet potatoes, however, are considered to be high in antioxidants. This means that by eating them you decrease your risk of cancer and heart diseases. The bottom line Obviously, these are completely different vegetables. Small yams and sweet potatoes may look alike, but they do not originate from the same continent. In addition, they taste completely different. In the end, both vegetables seem like a great nutritious addition to your diet. It all depends on the taste you are looking for. Be cautious with false labeling, however, as yams are not common.
You are here: Home Blog Just how important are Cleaner Wrasses to reef ecosystems? Just how important are Cleaner Wrasses to reef ecosystems? By Leonard Ho - Posted Jul 12, 2011 08:00 AM Answer: VERY. A recent study published in PLoS ONE concludes that when cleaner wrasses are removed from a reef, reef fishes were much smaller, much less abundant, and much less diverse. If their high captive mortality rates weren't reason enough to dissuade aquarists from purchasing cleaner wrasses, this study should convince everyone why they should never be collected. Just how important are Cleaner Wrasses to reef ecosystems? An. A.dussumieri tang being cleaned by two cleaner wrasses (Can you spot the second one?). Photo by Klaus Stiefel What was done? What was observed? • Damselfish (Pomacentridae) were smaller in size • Resident fishes were 37% less abundant • There was 23% less species richness per removal reef. What this means? Simply put, cleaner wrasses have an ecosystem-changing impact on coral reefs.  The data clearly suggest that their removal results in less healthy fishes (e.g. smaller fish sizes and reduced populations).  Cleaner wrasses serve a critical role in the health of the fishes they service. It isn't just a $10 fish at stake.  It's an entire reef community you impact with your purchase of  a cleaner wrasse. But the more significant impact is how cleaner wrasses are major attractions for fishes to join a reef community.  Their absence drastically reduces the recruitment of fishes to a reef.  Reefkeepers know biodiversity is vital to a health;  One addition (or subtraction as is the case here) can alter the balance of an ecosystem.  For example, a reef with 66% less herbivores will result in a very different balance of algae to corals.  This, in turn, creates a cascading chain effect on many other organisms, ultimately reshaping a reef in dramatic fashion. An advanced aquarist is a conscientious aquarist. Removing cleaner wrasses from reefs radically reshapes communities.  For the sake of coral reefs we cherish, we should never collect cleaner wrasses for the aquarium trade.  Share this article with your LFS, mail order vendor, and fellow hobbyists to convince them never to sell, advertise, or purchase cleaner wrasses. reference: PLoS ONE Author: Leonard Ho Location: Southern California Document Actions Filed under: , blog comments powered by Disqus Contribute to our blogs!
10 of the Most at Risk Cities from Natural Disasters Human beings lack the ability to determine when and where a natural disaster will happen. However, that does not mean people should just sit down and wait for the disaster to strike. There are always signs that a certain place might be affected. For instance, an active volcano definitely means that an eruption is in the offing and people living around the place have to be evacuated to safety in advance. Those are the signs to look at in knowing whether a place stands risks of being affected by a natural disaster. The following cities around the world have been earmarked as possible casualties of natural disasters in the future. Tehran, Iran Soure: flickr/Ninara This is the capital of Iran and it is sitting at one of the most unsafe fault lines of the world. Up to 15.6 million residents are estimated to be at risk in case a disaster comes calling. The North Anatolian fault line is not known to be one of the safest so there are fears Tehran might crumble but people living there seem to care less. They continue with their daily activities despite the imposing danger of a possible earthquake. Shanghai, China Soure: flickr/Christian MANGE This Chinese city is another one at high risk of a natural disaster and could affect up to 16.7 million people. This is the city with highest number of people in the country but its location at the Yangtze River Delta raises concerns over its safety. There is a real threat of flooding to occur owing to the common typhoons and storms. The coastline is very long while water volumes that flow through this city are very much worrying. Even with that, the city is abuzz with activities every day and people can’t learn from other similar disasters of the world. Missouri, USA Soure: flickr/Channone Arif This city in the Midwestern United States has always been at high risks of experiencing a natural disaster. Each month comes with poor weather at this city and there have been a total of 55 declarations on disasters since 1953. That shows how dangerous the place is going to the future. Winter here is usually a bad season with hail storms and severe snow making life hard to sustain. When spring sets in, tornadoes are very common while flooding happens for most parts of the year. There are fears that a tsunami might be in the offing at the city. Jakarta, Indonesia Soure: flickr/Seika Over 27.7 million people living in this Indonesian city are at high risks of flooding. Nobody needs to be told how grave such a disaster can be to human life. The city is poorly planned which aggravates the situation and its lucky nothing bad has ever happened. Heavy rains usually hit the city for most parts of the year but poor drainage systems make flooding a harsh reality. To make matters worse, 40% of this city is below the sea level which makes flooding to be a regular occurrence. There have been two dams constructed but have helped nothing in making the situation any better. Nagoya, Japan Soure: flickr/Bong Grit Just like many cities in Japan, Nagoya is situated along a line of fault lines that are still active and collectively referred to as the Ring of Fire. These lines are responsible for 90% of all earthquakes that have taken place in the world which signals the magnitude of danger this city is always exposed to. A Tsunami is the biggest natural disaster that is most likely to occur at Nagoya and it’s estimated that resulting effects will be more than devastating. Unfortunately, there are no measures initiated to forestall such a disaster. Pearl River Delta, China Soure: flickr/Harvey Barrison The most worrying thing about this place in China is unprecedented urban density. The biggest danger is storms as well as flooding putting Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Macau and Dongguan as well as Guangzhou at very high risk of a natural disaster. With a population of 34.5 million people, the risk is real and it’s worrying that locals have continued taking it on their hands. Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan Soure: flickr/Moyan Brenn There are 57.1 million people living in this Japanese urban area who are under the potential danger of being affected by floods, tsunamis and monsoons. The calamity is very realistic at the city as earthquakes can potentially occur at any given time. The other danger is that this city sits at an active fault line along the Pacific which means tsunamis are possible to happen. There was an earthquake that occurred at the Odaiba district in March 2011 and it was a pointer to a disaster in waiting. Manila, Philippines Soure: flickr/Benson Kua In the Philippines, this city that with a population of 34.6 million people, stands at high risk of experiencing a natural disaster. It was lucky to have gotten away with typhoon Haiyan but that did not eliminate such dangers in the future. The biggest part of the city’s population stands at risk of earthquakes since there are severe storms and flooding very often. The worst floods in Manila happened between in 2013. Osaka-Kobe, Japan Soure: flickr/Roshan Vyas This city in Japan shows why the country is at all risks of experiencing a natural disaster. There was a very big quake at the city in 1995 that claimed 6,000 lives and fears are rife that it could be replicated in the future. Property worth $100 billion was damaged in the process but people have continued to reside there despite the lurking danger. There is nothing to stop such a disaster from striking again today or tomorrow but the preparation levels of the city are very low. It is among the top three cities in Japan at risks of a tsunami. Kolkata, India Soure: flickr/Abhijit Kar Gupta There is no doubt that most of the Indian cities are under risk of a natural disaster. Kolkata has a population estimated to stand at 17.9 million people and its proximity to the biggest river delta in the world makes the risk of flooding real. The drainage system of this city has been there for more than hundred years but it’s not capable of handling flood water effectively. Tsunamis and cyclones are the biggest dangers that Kolkata stands to experience in future.
Wildwood is…seeing the forest for the trees! How can big body play support your child’s development of emotional intelligence and self-esteem? In his ground-breaking book, Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman says “People of high hope…are flexible enough to find different ways to get their goals or to switch goals if one becomes impossible.” (87) Let’s look at big body play through the lens of Daniel Goleman’s five domains of emotional intelligence; as they relate to the document How Does Learning Happen? 1. Knowing ones emotions: Children are physically active and confident in their own abilities. 1. Managing emotions: Children feel included and safe with others. 1. Motivating oneself: Children experience a sense of competence and autonomy as they explore at their own pace. 1. Recognizing emotions in others: They begin to show concern and empathy and take action to assist others. 1. Handling relationships: Children are learning from each other. According to Forest and Natures School’s guide, “The educator both leads (invites, nudges, pulls) students beyond their comfort zones and misconceptions into deeper thinking and understanding, and follows their interests.”(18) 100 Station St Belleville Ontario K8N 2S5 613.966.9427 Child Care Resources Email Us
Top latest trends of educational technology in 2019 Jun 11, 2019 | Blog, e-learning, innovative teaching methods, teaching primary school | 0 comments Are you intending to dive into the ocean of educational technology (EdTech)? Do you want to get the latest trends in innovative teaching methods? Congrats you are in the right place! This is where you can get yourself up to date to the dramatic change of EdTech. So don’t worry even you didn’t have much knowledge in the field before reading this article. Just take a stroll through this dynamic field with us. And then you will be fully equipped with everything needed about top educational technology trends in 2019.  What is educational technology and why should it matter? Many people can recognize that EdTech is devoting technology to promote education. It’s true, but not sufficient. The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) has defined EdTech as “facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources”. On the other hand, educators who actually use EdTech have a much simpler definition of the term. They said that it is a concept of transforming traditional book teaching and learning to digital form. For them, the main difference lies in the way knowledge is delivered (thanks to technology innovation) to make teaching more effective. In short, EdTech is simply the is a process of integrating technology into education to build better teaching-learning experiences that results in higher learning outcomes. For example, several hospitals are training their new nurses with online safety courses by using animation. Why should it matter? There are lots of reasons why educators had shifted to use EdTech in replacing traditional paper-and-pen teaching method. Particularly, we list some common advantages of EdTech that you could t easily see here: Innovate teaching methods Technology is an innovation of humans, so when an educator can apply technology into teaching, it is also innovative. Edtech allows teachers to provide multimedia to address diverse learning styles, such as animation, live video, etc. Beside, EdTech enables teachers to create online courses where students can learn in their own space and at their own pace. Recommended reading: » Innovative teaching methods for in-class teaching Improve collaborative teaching Technology has made it possible for everyone to stay connected. Students and teachers, they connect, discuss, share their opinion and enact upon situation collaboratively. For example, eLearning is an educational tool that features collaboration by enabling students to share and discuss. Instead of being in a classroom and listening to teachers speak for 30 minutes, eLearning students can join an online group/platform and learn together by interacting with their peers. In this case, teachers are more accessible and act as mentors to help students develop themselves. This collaborative learning approach has bridged the gap between teachers and students and also help students strengthen their interpersonal skills. Read more: »  Ultimate 15 tools for online discussion board in e-learning Increase teaching and learning process Firstly, EdTech benefits how teachers teach, both online and offline. Not always having to go to a specific class at a specific time, students can learn whenever and wherever. Secondly, EdTech changes the way students approach learning. Edtech make learning more fun and exciting for students. When we feel engaged in learning, we learn better, remember better and also apply knowledge better into real life. Lastly, technology makes education smarter, more effective, thus, satisfy learners’ needs more. True educators bring valuable knowledge to learners, both in theory an in real life. But smart educators are who could create teaching from what learners want to learn. To sum up, EdTech doesn’t mean teachers have to become an IT expert. But it’s true that teachers could do these fascinating things only with technology, and that’s why we need EdTech in life. Interested in the process of learning and how teachers can boost this process, check this article out! » How animation can transform learning in the classroom Visual aids in Primary Education: from understanding to applying A 37-page eBook for primary teachers including: - How to better understand primary students' learning  - Tips to choosing the right teaching aids  - Ultimate guide to design effetice visual aids for teaching Top 7 trends of educational technology in 2019 If you are an innovative educator, following the trend in education is probably not something new but rather essential. Even with this list, however, it is still up to you to choose the most suitable ‘trendy’ aid for your teaching and training.  Here we select the 7 latest trends of technology in education that are must-know when diving into this industry. 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) AI now is the in-thing in the US EdTech market. People have predicted that through 2021, AI could become the primary trend and grow more than 45%. So why is the trend blooming in one of the world’ largest markets for EdTech as the US?Artificial Intelligence is what teacher looking for in the future First and foremost, AI can automate basic activities in education, like grading. It’s now possible for teachers to automate grading of the multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions. Thus, automated grading of students’ writing may not be far behind. Furthermore, both learners and educators could benefit from AI. For example, students could get help from AI tutors while teachers are too busy to take care everyone. Also, AI-driven programs can give both learners and educators helpful feedbacks. That’s why some school use AI systems to monitor student progress and to alert teachers when there might be an issue with students’ performances. Therefore, it’s not too far fetched that AI is a powerful assistant for in-class teaching. Meanwhile, why don’t you help your learners get more out of the educational experience via AI?    2. Learning analytics The current landscape of learning analytics has dramatically expanded, especially for higher education. Learning analytic is new trend of teaching with technology Learning analytics allow educators to measure and report student learning just by a web. From that, it’s possible for them to better understand and optimize learning. When teachers read the insights from students’ learning process, they could improve the knowledge and skill acquisition of their students accordingly. For instance, teachers could see what type of information (text, images, infographics or videos) that students enjoy most to use it more in the next lessons. Also, teachers would notice what pieces of knowledge that weren’t effectively delivered to enhance them next time. Moreover, learning analytics helps educators to identify blocks of students who may have academic or behavioral challenges. From that, teachers could develop a way to help students reach their full potential. 3. Gamification If you are looking for a way to turn learning into a more fun and engaging process, it could be a gamification trend.  There is no reason for students not to actively involve in the classroom game. Students can learn and practice while they are joining in exciting game activities.   Gamification becomes an educational technology trend in 2019 Gaming elements added help create a funny and positive learning environment for learners. The adoption of gamification is most popular in the K-12 education sector. It’s because kids are quickly engaged in gaming videos or getting higher scores in a game. However, it doesn’t mean that higher education or corporate training don’t need fun elements to improve the engagement level of learners. Maybe you are interested in: » Tips to make corporate training interesting 4. Immersive Learning with VR and AR Learning with VR and AR is becoming more popular todayThe class learning experience has undergone a tremendous change since virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) came to education. The rise of the demand for experiential learning pushes forward the development of learning with VR and AR. Learning has become much more interactive than traditional methods. While VR provides a constructed reality, AR gives an enhances view of a real image. Thus, they help to explain complex concepts that plain images or even lab’s hands-on experiments couldn’t show students. For example, VR is pretty helpful when you are attending a medical training course. In details, VR creates a chance for students to experience real-world surgeries in a low-risk environment. 5. eLearning ELearning is education or training delivered electronically. It could be slide-based online activities, or it can also be an online course that helps a business to train employees necessary skills.eLearning one of the latest educational technology trend With eLearning, educational content comes to learners through computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone. Not only saving time, but eLearning also opens many doors for interactive learning. Rather than being in a passive experience, learners can choose what they need to learn quickly and easily, wherever they are. They also learn through interacting directly with the on-screen information through, for instance, dragging content from one place to the next. Moreover, the decision-making scenarios in eLearning also encourage learners to make their own choices on what they will learn next. In eLearning, learners just soak in knowledge through reading or viewing content, it changes the way education is delivered. Also, many eLearning courses include animation, podcasts, and video that creates a multimodal and practical learning experience. The last point is, although eLearning has been around for a long time, it is staying green and continuously developing. Educators are taking more advantages of technology to make learning more effective. That’s why more and more online and blended learning courses are produced nowadays. STEAM a new teaching method for primary educationSTEAM-based program is the new EdTech improvement over the STEM programs. This new trend of EdTech applies meaningful Science, Technology, Engineering, Art (the new element) and Maths content to solve real-world problems through hands-on learning activities and creative design.   Concerning the advantages of STEAM, the first thing is that it helps students become increasingly curious about the world around them. Moreover, it also creates a safe environment for the learners to express and experience their ideas while able to think outside of the box. The comfort when doing hands-on learning also helps students collaborate better with others. 7. Social Media in learning Have you ever thought that social media would be a part of the learning process? When every student, both young and mature ones spend so much time on social media, why don’t we turn it into a powerful tool to enhance learning? It’s how the ideas to use social media for teaching came about. Many educational institutes have started using social media as a communication tool in which students can interact with others easily. Students can share study materials, discuss with others in a group or easily comment on someone else’ post. Even an animated learning video could go viral on social media. And TedEd is the typical example of this trend! This organization creates lessons worth sharing and post them on Youtube where people can easily access, find the educational videos and share to their friends. This animated video talks about the benefits of a bilingual brain. TedED chose animation to easily explain how knowing more than one language keeps the brain healthy, complex and actively engaged. Therefore, social media is here to stay and build a culture of collaboration and sharing, leading to an improved learning experience. In the end, we know that there is a lot to digest when we talk about EdTech. However, keep in mind that technology has seeped into education and renewed its whole teaching and learning process. Especially eLearning, an educational tool that not only increases the accessibility and convenience of educational but also changes the learning behaviors and learners’ desires for learning. But here is good news: you don’t need to go alone on this EdTech ship. Because you have us, who will join you in bringing forth the true value of learning, inspire learners and make education more relevant and empowering. Check out our portfolio here and experience yourself how learning could be inspired through educational animation. Read Further: Subscribe to F.Learning Blog Related Posts How to design visuals aids for teaching purpose The power of visual in teaching and learning 3 factors make the biggest impact on how primary students learn Visual aids in  Primary Education From Understanding  to Applying
The Evolution of Gettysburg's "Common School" The Evolution of Gettysburg's "Common School" (HM8L4) Location: Gettysburg, PA 17325 Adams County Country: United States of America N 39° 49.517', W 77° 13.854' • 0 check ins • 0 favorites In 1834 Gettysburg established a "common school" to provide its children with a free elementary education, which over the years evolved into the current Gettysburg Area School System. Following 23 years of classes being held in multiple private dwellings, the first consolidated public school building was erected on E. High Street in 1857, and began a 100-year tenure of classroom service. During the battle, the school building served as a hospital while its bell shared the cupola with a fugitive Union soldier who successfully hid from the occupying Confederate forces. In the mid 1880s the public school curriculum was expanded to include a secondary education program. Over a span of thirty years, The Meade School (1897), the Lincoln School (1926) were erected to accommodate Gettysburg's rapidly growing population of students. When the present Area School format replaced the county's local school systems, the Gettysburg Area High School was added to this site in 1962 and the Baltimore Street School building was remodeled as the Area Junior High School. HM NumberHM8L4 Placed ByMain Street Gettysburg Marker ConditionNo reports yet Date Added Saturday, September 27th, 2014 at 4:08am PDT -07:00 Locationbig map UTM (WGS84 Datum)18S E 309077 N 4410746 Decimal Degrees39.82528333, -77.23090000 Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 39° 49.517', W 77° 13.854' Degrees, Minutes and Seconds39° 49' 31.02" N, 77° 13' 51.24" W Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps Area Code(s)717 Closest Postal AddressAt or near 334-430 Baltimore St, Gettysburg PA 17325, US Check Ins  check in   |    all Comments 0 comments Maintenance Issues 1. Is this marker part of a series? 2. What historical period does the marker represent? 3. What historical place does the marker represent? 4. What type of marker is it? 5. What class is the marker? 6. What style is the marker? 7. Does the marker have a number? 8. What year was the marker erected? 9. This marker needs at least one picture. 10. Can this marker be seen from the road? 11. Is the marker in the median?
Wisconsin Bacteria Outbreak: Health Officials Baffled By Elizabethkingia Bacteria Outbreak The Wisconsin bacteria outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis bacteria has health officials scrambling to find the source. The bacteria outbreak is no longer staying in Wisconsin. The bacteria has crossed the borders into Illinois and Michigan, where it has taken two lives in those states. IDPH Director Nirav D. Shah, M.D., J.D. comments on what is being done about this rare bacteria outbreak. “Illinois is working closely with the CDC and Wisconsin and Michigan health officials to investigate this outbreak and develop ways to prevent additional infections. IDPH will continue to coordinate with hospitals and health care providers to quickly identify and report cases of Elizabethkingia.” It has been reported that the outbreak, which started in Wisconsin, consists of 57 patients who have been confirmed to have been infected with the Elizabethkingia bacteria in the Badger State. Out of those 57 Wisconsin cases, 18 people have died. The bacteria has mainly been focused on people who are elderly or who have a compromised immune system. The majority of people who have found themselves infected by Elizabethkingia have had the bacteria located in their bloodstream. In rare instances, the bacteria has also been found in the joints and respiratory system. This bacteria is not unknown to health officials. Every year, a handful of cases occur. Doctor Chad Achenbach of Northwestern medicine explains further. “Typically in a given year in the United States, we see 5 to 10 infections in humans with this bacteria. And over just the past few months there’s been nearly 60 cases in just three states. It does have a fairly high, what we would call a case fatality rate of nearly one third of those infected.” Elizabethkingia bacteria is common in nature. Found in water and soil, Elizabethkingia bacteria rarely causes infections. Health officials are acquiring samples from all different areas that this bacteria is normally found. As of now, officials have not been able to isolate the strain that is causing the outbreak. CDC Director Thomas Frieden has been able to state that they are certain the bacteria causing the outbreak is not in the water supply. “To date, we have assessed and ruled out high-threat sources such as municipal water supplies, commonly used medical products and tools.” Information on the death of the Illinois woman has been scarce. It has been released that the woman who died from the Elizabethkingia bacteria did have an underlying health condition. The woman who died in Michigan last month had underlying health conditions and was said to be older in age. Health officials have directed hospitals that have confirmed cases of this deadly bacteria to keep samples and alert the CDC. Patients present with symptoms of fever, chills, cellulitis, and shortness of breath are prime candidates to have the bacteria in their system. Confirmation of Elizabethkingia bacteria can only be acquired through lab testing. If detected early enough, Elizabethkingia bacteria can be treated with a variety of antibiotics. Elizabethkingia anophelis was first identified in 2011 from a sample collected from a mosquito in Gambia. When the Wisconsin outbreak began, it was initially thought that Elizabethkingia meningoseptica was the cause until it was confirmed that the anophelis version was the culprit. Even though it is currently attacking the elderly and ill, Elizabethingia anophelis has been responsible for neonatal meningitis in the Central African Republic. Due to the bacteria being first seen in a mosquito, it is not yet known if mosquitos are able to transmit the virus. Will the Wisconsin bacteria outbreak spread outside of the Midwest? [Image Via Shutterstock/science photo]
How an SMT Stencil Is Made About: I am principal of BEST Inc. Had 18+ years in running small businesses. By trade I am an electrical engineer and holds patents in various fields including industrial controls, surface science and PCB rework/r... While through-hole components began as the norm in the electronics industry, the invention of SMT parts lead to their eventual replacement. SMTs allowed for much faster PCB manufacturing than ever before by allowing a layer of solder paste to be placed on all the lands of the board at once and to have all the components be reflowed at once. In the modern electronics industry, a basic knowledge of how SMT stencils are made is very helpful in determining the right stencil for your project. Step 1: Overview While there are many ways to make solder paste stencils, both for industrial and hobbyist purposes, one of the most common ways is to use laser cutting. In this method, a computer controlled, high-precision laser is used to cut the apertures in the stencil according to a design given by a CAD or GERBER file. High quality lasers can allow for spacing as tight as 0.15mm between apertures in the solder paste stencils. While they all share the same cutting methods, there are three main styles of solder paste stencil that are commonly offered. They are: metal stencils, StickNPeel, and StencilMate. Step 2: Metal Stencils Metal stencils are the traditional option when it comes to applying solder paste. Holes cut in a sheet of metal, called “apertures” allow solder paste to be applied to the PCB. Reliable and reusable, metal stencils are available in framed, unframed, and prototype styles. For a more in-depth guide on the different types of metal stencils and the benefits and drawbacks they provide, you can also look on for SMT stencils Step 3: StickNPeel™ and StencilMate™ The StikNPeel ™ and StencilMate ™ are other solder paste stencil options designed with the goal of streamlining the rework and repair process. They are both fast and disposable stencils that look to simplify the rework process. These metal stencils use adhesives to adhere to a specific part of the board, allowing for easier selective application of solder when it is necessary during rework. Rather than use a stencil to resolder the whole board, manually resolder parts, or simply scrap the board altogether, these stencils save both time and cost by allowing components to be selectively repaired or replaced. • Fandom Contest Fandom Contest • Growing Beyond Earth Maker Contest Growing Beyond Earth Maker Contest • Backyard Contest Backyard Contest
printable article Originally published October 5 2014 by L.J. Devon, Staff Writer (NaturalNews) As the sensory organs absorb information from their surroundings, the messages are sent through the spinal cord and the nervous system to the cerebellum region of the brain, where the messages are then fine-tuned for motor learning, timing, coordination and fine movement. Sometimes referred to as the "little brain," the cerebellum is located just underneath the left and right brain hemispheres. The tissues in the cerebellum are woven together much tighter and are much more compact than the upper hemispheres. The cerebellum makes up about 10 percent of the brain's total volume. Remarkably, the cerebellum harbors half of the brain's total amount of neurons! Can you believe that there's a living 24-year-old woman who is missing her entire cerebellum? She even gave birth to her first child. The discovery was recently made at the Chinese PLA General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command in the Shadong Province. After complaining about persistent dizziness and nausea, the woman sought medical assistance. For most of her life, she had an unsteady gait and slurred speech. She didn't learn how to talk until she was six years old and couldn't walk until she was seven. As she got older, her motor skills improved by some degree. Upon administering a CAT scan, doctors quickly recognized the woman's underlying problem -- she had no cerebellum. At least 50 percent of the neurons in her brain were missing, but she still possessed considerable motor skills for having no cerebellum. Instead of a normal cerebellum, she had a pocket of empty space filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid acts like a cushion to defend her brain against disease. The doctors were astounded by the plasticity of the woman's brain and the coordination that she still had even though the cerebellum was missing. This case is the ninth recorded in medical history. Those with the rare condition usually die early, and the missing cerebellum is found in autopsy. "These rare cases are interesting to understand how the brain circuitry works and compensates for missing parts," said Mario Manto, a brain researcher from the French-language Free University of Brussels in Belgium. Her brain scan reveals that her motor skills may have been taken over by the cortex region of her brain. Problems in the cerebellum usually lead to severe mental impairment and movement disorders, but in this woman's case, the brain compensated, leaving her with only mild to moderate motor deficiency at age 24, defects which her doctors say are "less than would be expected." Scientists studying the case believe that her brain compensated for the absent cerebellum through the years, and all of them consider her lucky to be alive. This case is a stunning example of neuroplasticity and the brain's ability to adapt itself to changes in behavior and the surrounding environment. Those studying the woman's case wrote, "This surprising phenomenon supports the concept of extracerebellar motor system plasticity, especially cerebellum loss, occurring early in life." Her brain scans can be viewed here.
How the growth of cities affected ideas of social welfare - PowerPoint PPT Presentation PPT – How the growth of cities affected ideas of social welfare PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 4a4a07-NGM1N The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content Get the plugin now View by Category About This Presentation How the growth of cities affected ideas of social welfare Urban Challenges How the growth of cities affected ideas of social welfare Florence Kelley Florence Kelley, another associate of Hull House, became so frustrated in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views:127 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 50 Provided by: shop5 Learn more at: Write a Comment User Comments (0) Transcript and Presenter's Notes Title: How the growth of cities affected ideas of social welfare Urban Challenges • How the growth of cities affected ideas of social Industrial Progress In our arts, labors and victories, we find scope for all our energies, rewards for all our ambitions, renown enough for all our love of fame. Speech at Exposition opening of Centennial Exposition, July 4, 1876 Living Like Kings Breakers, the enormous Vanderbilt summer house, designed from an Italian palace and built with imported marble by craftsmen brought over from The industrial millionaires lived lavishly, building homes like European palaces and spending enormous sums for parties, while their employees worked 10-12 hour days, 6 or 7 days each week. Many industries employed children as young as seven years old factories made few provisions for safety. The massive numbers of immigrants, particularly from eastern and southern Europe, provided industry with a large labor force, but made wages even lower and unions difficult to organize. Immigration restrictions began in the 1870s with the Chinese Exclusion Acts. The challenges of crisis A sudden crisis could quickly underscore the limits of public assistance. In the 1870s, billions of locusts emerged by the western mountains and proceeded to destroy crops across the Midwest. Devastation in Minnesota The locusts overwhelmed fields in Minnesota, doing serious damage in almost every area. In the western and southwestern counties, nearly half of the wheat crops were destroyed and over half of the oat crops (largely used for feeding horse and cows). Many families were completely destitute, and farmers who were unable to pay taxes on their lands were in danger of losing their farms. Government response John Pillsbury, governor of Minnesota from 1876 to 1878, was part of the famous and wealthy Pillsbury family. He refused to recommend extensive aid programs to the state legislature, arguing that hand-outs would undermine the moral fiber of the poor. The legislature agreed on providing limited aid by delaying the collection of property taxes and providing grain seed to farmers for new planting. Farmers had to agree to pay for the seed (at the rate of 1 a bushel of seed) the cost of seed to be a lien upon my crop of grain, raised each year, until the loan was repaid. Ten bushels of seed would raise (at most) 135 bushels of wheat, worth about Documenting need Farmers applying for county aid under the poor laws had to swear a pauper's oath that they were deserving of relief. Four witnesses had to sign a note attesting to the applicants character. Several farmers stated that they were made to feel like unsavory miscreants during the process. Case Work Extent of direct aid Most counties granted applicants for assistance about 2 to buy about 10 pounds of pork, some molasses, baking soda, and matches. In 1875 it cost about 200 to maintain a family of four. Farmers organize The hard times for farmers stimulated an era of rural organization. The Granger movement, the Farmers Alliances, and the Populist movement were all influenced by the high costs that farmers paid to grow and ship their grain, and the low prices they received for their harvests. Farmers Alliances called for regulation of railroad shipping costs, reduction of loan interests, and the formation of rural cooperatives that could allow farmers to operate their own grain elevators, creameries, and banks. Critics called the farmers movements socialistic threats to American freedoms, but the farmers said they were simply protecting their own interests. Populism and politics In 1896, the Democratic Party (largely out of power since the Civil War) picked William Jennings Bryan, a Nebraska populist, as its presidential candidate. This temporary unification of the populist movement and the Democratic Party did not lead to victory Bryan was defeated by William McKinley. The 1896 election, however, was a turning point in the Democratic Partys identity. As the 20th century began, Democratic candidates were increasingly identified with reform movements and a growing philosophy of having government actively intervening in social issues. Labor and Industry According to statistics gathered at Princeton University, wages for industrial workers rose 31 from 1860 to 1881, while prices rose 41. This meant that workers had a harder time paying for things as time went on. Strikes in 1877 A major collapse of credit in 1872 brought on a financial panic a depression that slowed the pace of growth (the Northern Pacific Railroad stopped work on its route through Dakota Territory to the west). Many businesses began to cut wages in order to save money. This sparked strikes and violence in American industries. Year of Violence Workers struck for higher wages on many of the railroads and violent clashes ensued between strikers and scab labor. By sending Federal troops into one strike (to make certain that mail was delivered), President Hayes brought the Federal government into the labor-management Labor and Political Issues Both the strikers and business owners referred to the Paris Commune of 1871, when French workers called for a revolution against the state. Owners warned that unions would bring communism to American society. Some strikers hoped that this would happen, but most union leaders condemned the idea of revolution. Political Machines Many cities had long been controlled by political machines that delivered votes to selected candidates in return for special favors. But reform groups (and some labor groups who wanted higher wages) blamed immigrant voters as the source of the machines power, and so sought to restrict immigration. The only result of this was in the 1870s, when the Congress yielded to public pressure and banned Chinese immigration for a number of years. Power of the Press The Press had become powerful in its own right major newspapers and popular magazines (like Harpers Weekly and Frank Leslies Illustrated News) could change national policies. Much as the politicians disliked the press, they also patronized it, to obtain public recognition and Social Cooperation The influence of Darwin had grown after 1870, to the point that the survival of the fittest idea was being used to celebrate the power held by the great industrial leaders (Carnegie, Rockefeller, etc. In Illinois (a state that saw much labor-industry violence), the botanist Lester Ward argued in his book Dynamic Sociology (1883) that society could guide the development of peoples, rather than just permit them to compete. The Legacy of Scientific Charity • In the first half of the 19th century, cities had begun to transform charity work, through • The creation of asylums, the idea of scientific charity and the charity organization • The need to develop greater urban efforts in public health. • The (reluctant) recognition of labor unions • After 1865, the need to integrate the former slaves with the Freedmans Bureau, etc. Jacob Riis A talented writer , German immigrant Jacob Riis was a police reporter for a major NYC newspaper. Throughout the 1880s, he travelled the slums of NYC, recoding evidence of the effects of overcrowding, poverty, and the impact of rapid urban growth without any real government regulation. The sheds in this photo served as temporary homes, costing 1 a month. Lack of Space A street seller in New York could sleep in a tenement cellar for 5 cents a night, while seven cents rented a cot in a lodging house Lack of Light and Space Eastern Europeans (Bohemians or bohunks) worked and lived in the same, crowded, poorly lit tenement apartment as cigar makers. Thousands of widows did the same as seamstresses for the clothing trade and kept their children out of school to work with them. Education as Secondary Some NYC reformers attempted to run night schools in tenement basements, church basements, or other sites, to provide education for children (especially the homeless street arabs) who worked 10-12 hours during the day. The city provided little, or no, assistance. Crime rates among young men (age 10-18) were high. Similar problems were found in Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, etc. Progressive Movement The Progressive movement rose from the efforts of several middle-class groups who had tried in the late 1800s to better society by pushing through limitations on saloons (the WCTU), educate immigrant children (the settlement houses) or aid the poor (the Salvation Army). At first these groups accepted the American tradition of seeking these reforms through voluntary action, but increasingly they began to expect government to help push through reforms. The Salvation army chapter of Brainerd Minnesota in 1891. The Social Gospel American churches became more and more involved in providing aid to the poor. Walter Rauschenbusch (left), a Baptist theologian, began to help German immigrants in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of New York. Drawing on the writings of socialists, he argued that church and government should become active in reforming society to provide aid to those who were in need. Child Labor The labor movement had made child labor a major issue. Children as young as six worked as many as 12 hours a day in a number of major industries. Continued problems with child labor and health prompted reformers like S. Josephine Baker to develop advances in nutrition and health care. Settlement Houses Jane Addams, a young woman from middle-class origins, helped create Hull House in Chicago in 1889. This settlement house was designed at first to help new immigrants learn English and American ways, but Addams and her associates quickly realized they had to provide help on child care, nutrition, employment, and other things to really help the poor. Eventually, they began to press for legislation to help the poor get a fair chance in society. Hull House Where the institutional movement of 1820-1860 tried to segregate the failures away from the rest of society, the settlement house movement aimed to create a site within the heart of urban poverty where reformers would live, work and try to better urban conditions. Copying ideas from Toynbee Hall in England, Hull House became famous . Its programs were copied in other parts of Chicago, and other cities. Addams Talented Aides Addams became the best known of the Hull House staff (largely because she wrote over two dozen books). But among the many others (including Julia Lathrop and Ellen Gates Starr) was Edith Abbott, who was like so many others a product of the rural Midwest (Nebraska) who wanted to help reform urban America. Abbott (with her sister Grace) worked at Hull House and wrote major studies of juvenile delinquency and women in the eary-20th century work force. Birth Control As a nurse, Margaret Sanger defied state and Federal laws to provide women with information on birth control (even churches that agreed with the social gospel movement opposed birth control). Forced to flee to Europe in 1914, Sanger returned in two years to create the first birth control clinic in the U.S. The Childrens Bureau Originally part of the Department of Commerce, the Childrens Bureau was moved by Wilson to the Department of Labor in 1913. Its director, Julia Lathrop, was a veteran of the Hull House reform movement and fought vigorously to obtain stronger child labor laws. By 1918, most states had child labor laws, but hundreds of thousands of children were little affected by these laws because they worked in areas (small businesses, agriculture, etc.) that were not covered by the provisions for maximum hours or minimum wages. Wilson decided to push for more stringent child labor laws. G. Stanley Hall was one of the founders of American psychology practices and specialized in developed the stages of development theories in relation to children. Florence Kelley Florence Kelley, another associate of Hull House, became so frustrated in the effort to find a lawyer to argue cases for child labor regulations that she studied law herself, got a license to practice law in Illinois, and argued cases. Illinois became one of the model states for laws that put limits on how children could be employed and how long they could work in a day. Kelley also played a role in a key U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1908 to place 10-hour limit on a work day for women. Sophonisba Breckinridge One of the few proto-social workers who became involved in civil rights for minorities was Sophonisba Breckinridge, yet another Midwest reformer (Kentucky) who was the first woman to get a law degree from the University of Chicago. Active at Hull House, Breckinridge was one of the founders of the NAACP. She argued that every major city and every state should establish a bureau of public welfare. The Bully Pulpit Progressive reformers saw the Theodore Roosevelt as the one person who represented all the people (an idea that went back to the 1830s). Theodore Roosevelt accepted a number of the reform ideas of the progressive movement and used his office as a bully pulpit to urge reduction of child labor, regulation of trusts, conservation of natural resources, and efforts to reduce corruption in government. Only after he was elected in his own right in 1904 did he push for some of these reforms. Narcotics in America Jane Addams of Hull House wrote that opium addiction was widespread in Chicago. Teenaged children stole from their parents, pawned their clothes and shoes, did any desperate thing to get the dope as they called it. Meanwhile, other narcotics were used in patent medicines and sold openly. A Federal Narcotics Act in 1909 was the first major attempt to stem this practice. Cures for Addiction Several dubious cures for drug addiction were available from mail order businesses or from traveling salesmen who claimed to be physicians. Many of the cures contained other narcotics, and the user simply substituted one addiction for another. It was estimated in 1900 that over 300,000 Americans were regular users of heroin, and at least twice that used opium. Of course, Kopps Baby Friend cough syrup contained morphine for that good nights sleep. Public Health Upton Sinclairs book, The Jungle, shocked the public with its details about the lack of sanitation in the processing of food the book led several cities to establish offices for food and restaurant inspection, and public health services to offer classes on sanitation in the preparation of food. Other cities spent money to improve the quality of drinking water. The Federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 helped in one example, Coca Cola had to remove cocaine from its product. Crusading Journalism The worst aspects of the industrial trusts became the subjects of book-length studies by journalists like Ida Tarbell, who wrote about Standard Oil, calling it the octopus that controlled the nation through its dominance of the drilling and distribution of oil. Urban Corruption In 1904, Lincoln Steffens, who had written a number of articles for McClures magazine, published The Shame of the Cities an exposure of machine government and corrupt ties between elected officials and local crime. Many of the nations greatest cities including Minneapolis were embarrassed by the revelations. Providing Social Insurance Isaac Rubinow, a rather unique statistician for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. (having both an MD and a PhD in economics) argued that a healthy society needed some form of social insurance to guarantee order and peace, especially in the crowded cities. His ideas were studied by Theodore Roosevelt, who used some of Rubinows language when he wrote the Progressive Party platform statement for the 1912 presidential election. Triangle Fire Tragedy One example of a progressive reform was the reaction to the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Co. factory in New York in 1911 146 employees, mostly women, as young as 15, died in the fire because little had been done to provide fire escapes, etc. New York passed better fire regulation laws, some proposed by a social worker, Francis Perkins, who later became to first woman in a presidential cabinet. Labor and the Womens Vote • One way for women in settlement houses to have greater influence was by expanding the electorate, and so pushed for votes for women. • Contents of a leaflet for votes for women, about 1912, in New York • Why are you paid less than a man? • Why do you work in a fire trap? • Why are your hours so long? • Why do you pay the most rent for the worst • Why do your children go into factories to work? • Why dont you get a square deal in the courts? • Because you are a woman and have no vote • Votes make the law. • Votes enforce the law. • The law controls conditions. Women who want better conditions MUST vote. Mental Hygiene The Swiss born psychiatrist Adolf Meyer altered the way mental patients (inmates, really) were treated at the Illinois Mental facility in Kankakee. He later took his ideas to the New York state hospital and then helped create a model clinic at Johns Hopkins. Rejecting many of the ideas of Freud, Meyer believed that most problems were related to social and environmental background he advocated therapy to help patients through psychobiology. He urged states to create offices devoted to mental hygiene in education and society. Dollars for Child Care In 1921, the U.S. Congress voted to provide some small amounts of matching funds for maternity health care and early childhood health care this to lower the infant and child mortality rate. The funding continued until 1929, when pressure from the AMA persuaded Congressional leaders to not renew the funding. By that time, immigration was being severely curtailed Congress had mandated a quota system keyed the 1890 census results. By 1924, the high tide of immigration to America had passed. Emergence of the Profession In 1898, 25 students attended a Summer School Course in Philanthropic Work in New York City. The courses, sponsored by the Charity Organization Society of NY, provided classes on urban poverty, industrial labor, and practical issues dealing with health, education, and home economics. The courses were repeated the following summer and then expanded. By 1920s, this first school of social work was closely affiliated with Columbia University. With instructors like John Dewey (left) Franz Boas, and Jane Addams, the programs reputation grew, and idea of a social work education was taken up by other cities and schools. Announcing the Profession In 1915, Abraham Flexner, a prominent leader in medical education, gave a paper, Is Social Work a Profession, in which he noted The unselfish devotion of those who have chosen to give themselves to making the world a fitter place to live in can fill social work with the professional spirit. Flexner believed that social work was destined to play a major role in the modern industrial state that the United States was rapidly becoming. Social Work as a Profession • Slowly, social work emerged as a profession. This was encouraged by several things • The increasing complexity of society, especially the economy as prosperity was followed by hard times. Governments role grows • The growth of cities and urban problems, tied to increased immigration, boss government, slums, crime, and education. • The tendency of Americans to create special task forces to deal with problems the can do attitude for organization. • The success of energetic and determined volunteers (like Jane Addams, etc.) and professionals (Meyer, etc.) who dominated public welfare issues of the progressive era. • For an interesting web site related to this,
Preventing Gestational Diabetes If you're experiencing the signs of diabetes during pregnancy, it is important to work with your doctor to treat it. Your health insurance for diabetic conditions should help cover some or all of your costs. Compare Personalized Health Insurance Quotes And Save Money: Preventing Gestational Diabetes When a pregnant woman develops gestational diabetes, there are numerous health risks to her and to the child that requires ongoing medical care and support. Your doctor can provide that, and your health insurance policy should continue to cover your needs for medications, treatment, and more frequent doctor’s appointments. Learn more about gestational diabetes coverage here, but please note this information is for your information only and not to be considered medical advice. What Cause Gestational Diabetes? The cause of gestational diabetes generally can be hard to pinpoint. Doctors do not know why some women develop it and others do not, though genetics may play a role in it. However, it occurs when the body does not process sugars from foods in the proper way, putting your blood sugar levels at a dangerous level. One key reason this occurs is due to the placenta of the child. It produces a higher level of insulin-counteracting hormones, which can cause blood sugar to rise to levels that are not safe. Gestational Diabetes Risk Groups There are some people at a higher risk for gestational diabetes than others. Those who are over the age of 25 are more likely to develop it. Individuals who have a family member, or they themselves have had it previously, are also more likely to have it with each pregnancy. Those who are overweight and those who are eating an unhealthy diet may also be at risk. It is also more common in black and Hispanic women. Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes The American Diabetes Association provides some information on symptoms of gestational diabetes. The most difficult aspect of this condition is that there are generally no signs of diabetes in most women. However, most doctors will routinely check for this condition at every doctor’s appointment during pregnancy through a simple blood test. Additionally, more extensive testing is conducted part way through the pregnancy to see if the woman is at risk. Pregnancy diabetes is evident if blood sugars are raised after this test. Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Preventing gestational diabetes can be hard to do if it is a genetic condition. However, it can be possible to keep blood sugar during pregnancy under control by altering your diet. Additionally, it also helps to be active since activity helps to burn off blood sugar in the body. It can also be helpful to be a healthy weight prior to pregnancy. Losing weight with gestational diabetes may not be recommended, though, due to the pregnancy. Health Insurance Coverage for Gestational Diabetes A diagnosis of gestational diabetes can seem like a horrible situation, but it can be managed safely with the help of your doctor in many cases. If you develop gestational diabetes during early pregnancy, your doctor will work with you to treat it, usually with medications and sometimes with bedrest. In later pregnancy, you may be admitted to the hospital for care to ensure your health, and that of the baby remains safe. Keep in mind that your health insurance is likely to cover many of these costs along the same way it covers your pregnancy – based on the amount and type of coverage you have. Because gestational diabetes is a condition that occurs during pregnancy, most doctors check for it at every wellness checkup you have while you are pregnant. It will be important for you to work with your doctor to monitor your health and to alert your doctor to changes or signs of gestational diabetes. All of the necessary testing is conducted as a component of your pregnancy care and should be covered by your health insurance policy. If a medical emergency occurs, you have the ability to seek out help through your health insurance policy as well. Prescription medications and other types of treatment may be covered, based on the type of policy you have. When you learn of your gestational diabetes diagnosis, take action to work with your doctor to get a better level of control over it. In addition to this, you need to consider whether gestational diabetes health insurance coverage is enough. Consider adding more coverage if you need to do so.
Prevent Child Cavities with Dental Sealants - Shelby Township Dentist Hi. This is Doctor Robert Antolak from in Shelby Township, Michigan. Our office phone number is 586-247-3500. Today I would like to discuss a simple process that is amazing in how it helps children prevent cavities. If a child gets a cavity they usually will form on the first molar teeth. This is assuming the child has good nutrition. So, let’s talk about the first molar teeth. This is the lower jaw here. The first molars are the first ones we see as we look back. Okay? And since the first molars that come in are when the child is around six years old they’re in more of the cavity-prone ages. This is a cavity-prone age if kids are eating a lot of refined carbohydrates and sugars. For example, these sugars may come from Fruit Roll-Ups, juices, pop, candy and things like that. As these foods sit down in the deep grooves of the teeth, they can start to cause cavities. This is what a cross section of a tooth would look like right here. This would show absolutely what like a molar tooth would look like. This part here is the enamel part of the tooth. That’s the white part of the tooth that we can see right here. Then as food particles start sitting down in the deep grooves of the teeth, like in this region here, cavities start forming. This is because sometimes the area is so thin and narrow that not even the width of a toothbrush bristle will fit down there. But bacteria sneak down into these deeper areas and start forming cavities. So a cavity will form in here and then what happens is it gets down to what’s called the dentin. This is the dentin layer. Inside of the dentin we have what’s call a pulp, which is where the nerve is contained within the tooth. So when cavities form in the enamel layer ( the hard part) it forms like this. Then it starts to form like this as the cavities start getting bigger and bigger and bigger. So then it can get into the nerve of the tooth like this, and then you have problems such as the need for root canals and things like that. So rather than waiting until it’s too late, we can do what are called dental sealants. A dental sealant is where we apply a material to the tooth. The material will fill in this space right in here. So instead of having the deep groove, you have a sealant that will cover that deep root. If the dental sealant is well bonded in place, when you brush your teeth it will be very cleansable. How do we Apply Dental sealants? We prepare the tooth structure itself. We use an acid etch that makes the tooth kind of porous. Then we put a bonding agent in it that helps to secure it to the tooth. Then we flow the material into the deep grooves like this. Next, we use a light that will harden the material. It only takes about five or ten seconds to harden the material. This thin composite material, which is called composite, blends in with the teeth and it also blunt bonds right on to the tooth structure. So now, rather than brushing a tooth with grooves in it, the tooth is nice and smooth. It’s a great way of taking care of cavities. The key of this is making sure that the tooth is very clean, when it’s first bonded. What can happen is, plaque can develop in this area and bacteria can prevent a good strong and secure bond. What we do in our office is, we make sure that that the deep surface is very clean so it can be to assure that your children can have teeth that will last them a lifetime. By doing this procedure, at least the biting surfaces during those cavity prone years will be effectively sealed and prevent children from having any further problems. As far as dental sealants go, sometimes we even go up to the bicuspid teeth. So there are a total of possibly 16 teeth that could be bonded in place. Once again, it’s very conservative. There’s no numbing necessary. Dental sealants are done before any cavities form and it’s insuring the fact that these teeth can last a lifetime. Contact Shelby Township Dentist, Dr Antolak About Dental Sealants So if there’s any interest in dental sealants, which there should be, contact our Shelby Twp Dental Office at (586)-247- 3500. Happy smiling. Comments are closed. Call Now
What is “kennel cough”? Kennel cough is also known as Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRD) or Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis. This condition is not limited to the trachea and/or coughing.  Some of the clinical signs may include sneezing, coughing, nasal and/or eye discharge, fever, lethargy, difficulty breathing and sometimes could include lung disease, such as pneumonia. A common misconception about the disease is that only pets that go boarding or spend time at a kennel are at risk. This confusion can come from the similarity between the name of one of the causative agents, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and the word “boarding”. Pets that are around other dogs at the dog park, neighborhood, grooming facilities, and doggie day care centers are all at risk of becoming infected. It is important to know that Bordetella bronchiseptica is not the only cause of “kennel cough”. The CIRD Complex is caused by multiple highly contagious bacteria, viruses and secondary bacterial organisms that can complicate the original infection. As pet owners, we have our dogs vaccinated with the “kennel cough vaccine” or “Bordetella” and we believe that our pets are protected against all the CIRD Complex organisms. The best protection from the CIRD Complex diseases is prevention.  The good news is that we have vaccines for the most common organisms. There are vaccines against Adenovirus 2, Herpesvirus 1, CIV H3N8, CIV H3N2, Canine Distemper, Parainfluenza virus, and Bordetella bronchiseptica.  Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) vaccines are the most recent vaccines to come on the market. After multiple cases of dogs infected with the Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) in the state of Georgia, including Cherokee county, The University of Georgia released the following statement recommending Canine Influenza Vaccine H3N2/H3N8 vaccination: Canine influenza vaccination is considered a “non-core” vaccine and is recommended for socially active dogs, such as those that travel, are boarded with other dogs, or are exposed to dog shows or dog parks. The risk factors for Bordetella infection and canine influenza are the same and it only takes a single infected dog to bring the virus into a new area. Consult a veterinarian for more information about the vaccination and to decide if your dog has a lifestyle that would support administration of the vaccine.” We recommend having your pet up-to-date with all the necessary vaccines a few weeks prior to boarding, grooming, visiting the dog park, and any other exposure to dogs. Also, ask your groomer and boarding facility which vaccines are required for admission. A good facility will require or recommend having your dog vaccinated for Canine Distemper, Adenovirus 2, Parainfluenza virus (DA2PP Vaccine), Rabies, Bordetella and Canine Influenza Virus H3N2/H3N8, as all of these infectious organisms are very contagious and can cause serious disease. If your dog develops any of the symptoms related to CIRD Complex, please notify your veterinarian immediately. Remember, these diseases are very contagious and may spread to other pets by sneezing or coughing, but also by fomites, which are inanimate objects, such as clothing and food bowls, that are capable of transmitting infectious diseases.  Your veterinarian should be able to test and try to identify the cause of the CIRD Complex. If treatment is needed, it should start immediately to improve the comfort of the pet and to potentially prevent serious complications, such as pneumonia. “Let’s protect our family by protecting our pets”.  Dr. Bustelo
Brexit is the name given to the decision taken by the UK to leave the EU because of several reasons. It has created understandable political and economic unrest. After decades of membership, Brexit has gained global attention. It was because of the phenomena of globalization which shows that countries are connected due to the trade system. UK leaving EU is not just going to influence UK and EU but it is going to impact the other countries as well, both economically and politically. For example, foreign investments or businesses operating in the UK are going to get impacted because of the changing tax regulations, exchange rates and trade rules. Additionally, to shift investments out of the UK, firms will also start to relocate jobs and employment opportunities. In the past, Britain and other countries had the privilege to “small open economies” that could influence their domestic advantages through efficient links with Europe and the rest of the world. But after Brexit, being a large and relatively closed economy, it seems like the trade relations of the UK with the world are going to change drastically. Brexit has brought important examples for the rest of the world and about the global economy. The days are gone when accelerating economic and financial globalization were correlated to growing economic growth. Leave a Reply %d bloggers like this:
Home > News > Content Multiple Compounds Solar Cells Apr 11, 2017 The multi-compound solar cell refers to a solar cell that is not made of a single element semiconductor material. Now the variety of research in countries, most not industrialized production, mainly the following: A, cadmium sulfide solar cell B, gallium arsenide solar cell c) Copper indium Selenium solar cell (new multi-element bandgap gradient Cu (in, GA) Se2 thin film solar cell) Cu (In, GA) Se2 is a kind of high performance sunlight absorbing materials, with gradient band gap (between the band and the valence band between the difference between the energy), the semiconductor materials, can enlarge the range of solar absorption spectrum, and thus improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. Based on it, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be designed to improve the thin film solar cells obviously than silicon thin film solar cells. The photoelectric conversion rate can be reached 18%, moreover, such thin-film solar cells so far have not been found to have the effect of radiation-induced degradation of performance (SWE), its photoelectric conversion efficiency than the current commercial thin film solar panels to improve about 50 75, in thin film solar cells belonging to the world's highest level of photoelectric conversion efficiency.
W. Somerset Maugham Back in the day Annie Edson Taylor, 63, Goes Over Niagara Falls in a Barrel Taylor was a dance instructor who sought fame and fortune by attempting to become the first person to survive a trip over Niagara Falls in a barrel. Days before her attempt, a cat was sent over the falls to test the strength of Taylor's barrel and survived the plunge uninjured. On her 63rd birthday, Taylor was set adrift in her barrel and went over the falls. Shortly thereafter, the barrel was pulled from the water and Taylor emerged—mostly unharmed. Did she gain the fortune she sought? The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre During the French Wars of Religion, Catherine de Médici plotted to have Gaspard II de Coligny—leader of the French Protestants known as Huguenots—assassinated. When the attempt failed, she convinced King Charles IX to murder all of the Huguenot leaders, who were in Paris for the wedding of the future Henry IV. The massacre began on August 24—St. Bartholomew's Day—and spread to the provinces. By October, tens of thousands of Huguenots had been killed. Why was Catherine able to influence Charles? Born on a day like today Sarah Josepha Buell Hale Hale was an American writer and editor who turned to writing in 1822 as a widow trying to support her family. She edited Ladies' Magazine, the first successful US women's magazine, and then Godey's Lady's Book, with which it merged. As the first female magazine editor, she shaped many of the attitudes and ideas of women of the period. Hale is also credited with helping to make Thanksgiving a national holiday in the US. What popular nursery rhyme did she write? Last updated on Monday, 24th October 2011 More sponsors
Security, Privacy, Ethics Some of the text of this module has been taken from the following sources: ETSI TS 102 165-1, ETSI TS 102 165-2, training courses developed by C3L for commercial partners (WrayCastle, Lever Training), and from papers and standards contributions prepared by C3L. Author: Scott William Cadzow, C3L. (Licence to be determined). Security is a poorly understood concept and the aim of this module is to contextualise it and to give simple introductions to the core concepts. The module examines both the Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability (CIA) paradigm, and more societal concepts or paradigms including the evolving one within the i-locate project of Ethics-Security-Privacy (ESP). This module covers the following topics: 1. Terminology – CIA and ESP 2. Risk and security provisions 3. The Kerchoff principle 4. Simple cryptographic overview 5. Trust and trust management 6. Summary Learning outcomes To have sufficient understanding of security technology to skim read a system security analysis and to be able to pose appropriate questions for clarification of the authors of such analyses. To know what security experts mean by their terminology and how that translates to everyday human dialogue. Intended Audience This module is for a general audience with an interest in technology and a basic understanding of computer and network terminology. On line, self paced, course with text, animation and review questions. Expected workload Expected workload is 8 hours.
Why Calculus? March 25, 2019 There are a lot of branches of mathematics that are known to man. Also known as the "language of numbers", it means many things to many people. Some may know it as a useful tool that is a key to getting civilizations rolling. But to others, they find it as an academic nuisance that only serves to lower grade transcripts. Still, what can't be denied is that mathematics is here to stay and it is actually a part of our lives, even down to the most basic things. When do you use calculus in the real world? In fact, you can use calculus in a lot of ways and applications. Among the disciplines that utilize calculus include physics, engineering, economics, statistics, and medicine. It is used to create mathematical models in order to arrive into an optimal solution. For example, in physics, calculus is used in a lot of its concepts. Among the physical concepts that use concepts of calculus include motion, electricity, heat, light, harmonics, acoustics, astronomy, and dynamics. In fact, even advanced physics concepts including electromagnetism and Einstein's theory of relativity use calculus. In the field of chemistry, calculus can be used to predict functions such as reaction rates and radioactive decay. Meanwhile, in biology, it is utilized to formulate rates such as birth and death rates. In economics, calculus is used to compute marginal cost and marginal revenue, enabling economists to predict maximum profit in a specific setting. In addition, it is used to check answers for different mathematical disciplines such as statistics, analytical geometry, and algebra.  As you can see, calculus has a huge role in the real world. For most professions, learning it is the key to success. So this is why you can't dismiss calculus as just another nuisance. If it is, interest on the matter wouldn't have lasted as long as it did.
Dangerous food from across the world 022The adulteration of food items in Bangladesh has for long been a headache for the masses as well as the concerned authorities. As formalin was being used to preserve the perishable food items like fruits, vegetables etc. for longer periods of time, chemicals and other procedures were used to ripen fruits artificially. Health experts had opined time and again that such adulterated food items can be harmful for human health resulting in a variety of diseases in the long run including fatal ones like cancer, kidney failure, lever cirrhosis etc. The concern with formalin-laced food had even led the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) to want the TCB to import formalin so as to gain some control over the crisis. While food adulteration is a runaway concern for Bangladesh, unbeknownst to many is the fact that the issue is prevalent in other parts of the world including the developed countries as well. While researching on the matter, New Age Xtra found a number of incidents detailing adulteration and risky ingredient usage in food items very recently. Most adulterated food items Even a few years back, most perishable food types including fish, vegetables and fruits were being adulterated in Bangladesh. But in the developed countries, this list is very small, not exceeding 12 items. According to an article in the Huffington Post in 2012, the list is topped by olive oil. The daily publication reported that most of ‘extra virgin’ olive oil is contaminated with deodorants and other, non-olive oils. The Food Fraud Database lists adulterants in olive oil as corn oil, hazelnut oil and palm oil. The next item is milk, whose adulterants include whey, bovine milk protein, melamine and cane sugar. Despite being the most expensive spice in the world, Saffron is contaminated with sandlewood dust, starch, yellow dye and gelatin threads, according to the Food Fraud Database. Orange juice may contain fungicide, grapefruit juice, marigold flower extract, corn sugar and paprika extract. Another popular drink in the West, and rapidly gaining popularity across the world, is coffee. This is contaminated with caramel, chicory, glucose, leguminous plants, roasted corn, malt and maltodextrins. Most apple juice ingredients include high-fructose corn syrup, raisin sweetener, synthetic malic acid alongside arsenic. Also, orange cheddar, turmeric powder, black pepper, golden honey, chilli powder and other items are mostly dyed with harmful ingredients. Source of meat 023Over the years plenty of restaurants in Bangladesh have been caught red-handed using the meat of dead chicken in their dishes. Restaurants in the west may not be very different from this and sometimes even worse. In 2013, NBC reported the case of a man from Indiana state in the USA who sold wildlife, including raccoons, turtles and deer, to meat markets. The markets would eventually sell the meat to local restaurants in Chicago. Following an investigation by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, the man was arrested for Class D felonies. Even worse is a case from France during the same year when 21 people were arrested in the country for fraudulently labelling the meat of 100 laboratory horses as ‘fit for consumption’ and later selling them to consumers. AP had reported that the horses were actually used to develop antibodies for rabies and tetanus, among other things. The documents of the horses were doctored and later the meat were also exported to countries like Spain. Laced food and Gutter oil Most of us usually suspect friendly chatpati-sellers for lacing their chatpati and fuchkas with addictive substances, thus making the customers return for more business time and again. While this was never properly proven in Bangladesh, the practice is widespread in countries like China where restaurateurs use poppy pods in their dishes. Ever since the information made its way to the public sphere around 2013, the Chinese government banned the spice and doled out sentences up to five years in prison to those who were using the addiction-inducing spice in their dishes. Chinese government officials are also cracking down against the use of ‘gutter oil’ in restaurants. Gutter Oil comes from sewer sludge (discarded old cooking oil and rendered animal fat) that is scraped out of the sewer and sent back to the processing plants to be reused in cooking of food. Labelled as ‘recycled cooking oil’, barrels of the substance were sold to restaurants at awfully low prices. AlterNet had reported that as the oil is toxic and contain carcinogens, the Chinese government stopped its black market production in 13 cities following a five-month investigation in 2013. During this time, 3,200 tons of gutter oil was sold in China thus leading to a staggering US $1.6 million profit for these producers.= -New Age Xtra Desk Leave a Reply
Hunger Hormones Are Real. Here Are 11 Tips to Control Them Hunger Hormones How many times have your weight-loss efforts been thwarted by an insatiable hunger? Have you ever successfully achieved your weight-loss goal only to gain it all back—and then some—thanks to what could only be described as a hunger gremlin? Have you ever wondered if your body is “broken” because no matter how hard you try, you can’t seem to be stronger than your hunger? You’re not broken, and it’s not a matter of willpower. While the abundance of the modern environment is certainly at play, we can’t deny that your body is designed to work against you and your efforts. Here are 11 tips to get your hunger hormones under control. Your Body Is Programmed to Work Against You As early as 1973, researcher Douglas Coleman hypothesized that there was a “satiety factor” that regulated calorie expenditure and intake—an “internal force,” if you will, that tells our brains when we’ve eaten enough and urges us to seek food when we haven’t.1 Upon its discovery in 1994, leptin, which comes from the Greek word leptos, meaning “thin,” became known as the “satiety hormone.”2 Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, is responsible for long-term regulation of energy balance (i.e., calorie intake and expenditure), and one mechanism it does so is by suppressing hunger.3 A perfect example of leptin’s role as an “anti-starvation” hormone is the body’s response to reduced-calorie diets. Simply put, leptin levels plummet with decreasing caloric intake. In fact, research shows that leptin levels can drop, on average, by 43 – 63% after just one week of calorie restriction.4 What’s more, because fat cells are responsible for the secretion of leptin, when you lose fat, leptin levels also drop, as you have less of the very tissue that produces this hormone.5 That’s a dual-pronged threat to achieving your weight-loss goals, but what exactly does this drop in leptin mean? Well, it’s important to point out that leptin is much more than just a “hunger hormone.” Leptin is charged with the responsibility of being an “energy-sensing” hormone. Through a process called adaptive thermogenesis, the body is quite adept at making compensatory adjustments to help match calorie expenditure with calorie intake.6 In the face of dangerously low energy supplies and stores, this form of energy conservation is a biologically meaningful survival mechanism.7,8,9 However, in your quest for a leaner, sexier body, this means your body is programmed to work against you. That’s right, the body does its best to fight even your best weight-loss efforts, and much of this opposition is thought to be mediated by declining leptin, which signals the following adaptations:9 • Decreased calorie expenditure • Decreased non-exercise activity thermogenesis (i.e., NEAT) • Decreased sympathetic nervous system tone • Decreased thyroid hormone output • Decreased reproductive hormone output • Increased muscle efficiencies • Increased parasympathetic nervous system tone (i.e., “rest and digest”) • Increased hunger and activity of food reward systems These compensatory adjustments can be summed up relatively briefly by stating that the body initiates a number of “energy preservation mechanisms” in an effort to reduce calorie expenditure and increase calorie intake. In other words, each of these adjustments either reduce how many calories you burn and/or drive the body to seek out more food—particularly calorie-dense, highly-palatable foods. Ghrelin and Your Hunger Hormones You may be starting to see the conundrum and how the body’s physiology is set up to work against weight-loss efforts, and one example of this in action can be seen with the “hunger hormone” ghrelin, which is leptin’s counter hormone. Ghrelin is produced in the GI tract and functions primarily to stimulate the appetite.10 Along these lines, ghrelin is released when the stomach is empty, and levels go down after eating (particularly after eating proteins and carbohydrates, highlighting a potential association between insulin and ghrelin).11 In addition to stimulating hunger, ghrelin also “turns on” reward centers in the brain, increasing the pleasure and reward response to eating and reinforcing the consumption of calorie-dense, highly palatable food.12–14 Not surprisingly, studies also show that levels of ghrelin steadily increase with weight loss, a change that corresponds with the simultaneous drop in leptin levels. In that sense, these two hunger hormones work in tandem to combat starvation and weight loss. And Now…The Rest of the Hunger Hormones Story While the hunger hormone story typically revolves around leptin and ghrelin, they are certainly not the only hormonal regulators of appetite. In fact, there’s a whole cast of hormones that regulate appetite—both satiety and hunger—and it’s not a stretch to say that we don’t even know all the players just yet. Just so you can appreciate how intricate the story is, here’s a list of the key appetite regulators:15–17 • Hunger Hormones (stimulate hunger/feeding): • Neuropeptide Y (NPY is produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain) • Agouti-related peptide (AgRP is produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain) • Ghrelin (produced largely in the stomach; the only peripheral hormone that stimulates hunger) • Satiety Hormones (inhibit hunger/feeding): • Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC/α-MSH is produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain) • Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART is produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain) • Cholecystokinin (CCK is produced in the small intestine) • Peptide YY (PYY is produced in the small and large intestines) • Pancreatic polypeptide (PP is produced by the pancreas and colon) • Oxyntomodulin (OXM is produced in the small and large intestines) • Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 is produced in the small and large intestines) • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP is produced in the stomach and small intestine) • Insulin (produced by the pancreas) • Leptin (produced by fat tissue) • Adiponectin (produced by fat tissue) When it comes to all of these hunger hormones, you don’t necessarily need to remember the alphabet soup—although it makes for pretty interesting party conversation. However, what is important to recognize is the hunger hormone story is complicated. • The brain, gut, fat tissue, and pancreas all secrete key hormones that regulate appetite. • There are more satiety hormones than hunger hormones; in other words, there are more hormones that inhibit hunger than those that stimulate it. • As sexy as the story may be, there’s not one single hormone that does it all. In other words, it doesn’t make sense to hone in and isolate a single hormone as the so-called bad guy. • And even the hungriest of hormones typically serves multiple functions. For example, ghrelin, which has earned the scarlet letter as the hunger hormone, actually goes by another name: growth-hormone releasing peptide. That’s right, ghrelin stimulates the release of growth hormone.18 And as you may know, growth hormone is known as a key anti-aging hormone, and it increases fat breakdown and use, protein synthesis, bone density, and skin thickness.19 And many attribute reduced growth hormone to decreased energy levels. Simply put, there’s usually more to the story than we think—or are led to believe. Perhaps one of the biggest take-home points is that the complexity of the hunger hormone story is yet another illustration of how complicated the weight-management puzzle can be. In other words, if you struggle to lose weight and keep it off, this is more evidence that it’s not your fault. The human body is wired to defend against one-size-fits-all societal ideals and labels. Even more, we’ve talked about nutritional genetics and how individual differences apply, and appetite is no different. For example, we now know a variant of the FTO gene (which is known as the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, or more simply as the “fat gene”) is linked with higher levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin and lower levels of the satiety hormone leptin.20 11 Tips to Harness Your Hunger Hormones Tip 1: Slow down and chew your food. Surely you’ve heard this a time or two, but did you know that eating slowly can have a tremendous impact on feelings of fullness and hunger? Slow eating increases levels of the satiety hormones GLP-1 and PYY and decreases levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin. Studies show that chewing each bite of food about 40 times (as opposed to 10 or even 25 times) and slowly enjoying a meal over the course of about 30 minutes are strategies likely to have the greatest impact on appetite.21,22 Tip 2: Chew gum. It seems like the act of chewing itself promotes satiety by influencing appetite, hormone release, and hunger. In fact, studies have shown that chewing gum can increase feelings of fullness, suppress hunger, reduce the desire to eat—including the desire to eat sweet snacks—and decrease overall caloric intake.22 Since most gum contains a laundry list of artificial chemicals, be mindful of what you put in your mouth. Look for an all-natural chewing gum that’s free from synthetic ingredients. Tip 3: Eat carbs at night. Say what?! That’s the worst time to eat carbs, you say? I don’t know about that, especially if you’ve exercised during the day or even if you take a walk after dinner, both of which can improve glycemic variability and how the body uses those carbs. There’s some evidence that eating a significant portion of your daily carbs (assuming healthy choices, of course) at dinner can lead to improved profiles of several hormones related to hunger and satiety, including leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin.23 In my experience, this works very well for managing hunger and cravings and increasing overall compliance. Tip 4: Power up with protein. While “backloading” with carbs can be an effective dietary strategy for managing appetite, there’s one more that may be even more powerful. A higher-protein diet has consistently been shown to be an effective tool for weight management, and while there are a couple explanations, one of the strongest is the positive impact protein has on satiety. Protein-rich foods tend to increase levels of appetite-suppressing hormones (like CCK, GIP, GLP-1, and PYY) and reduce concentrations of the hunger hormone ghrelin. Generally speaking, a good protein target is around 0.7 grams per pound per day, although there are various factors that can influence how much protein is optimal. Tip 5: Skip meals. This one may seem a little counterintuitive, but skipping meals may help regulate appetite. On one hand, the hunger hormone ghrelin appears to be trainable. In other words, the stomach secretes ghrelin on a schedule that aligns with the times you normally eat and in anticipation of eating.24,25 Along those lines, you may not really be hungry; your body may just be used to getting food. By skipping a meal here and there, you put yourself—not your hormones—in the driver’s seat. Intermittent fasting (IF) is one way to put this into practice, and research shows that various IF protocols—such as time-restricted feeding and alternate-day fasting—may improve appetite regulation.26,27 Tip 6: Exercise. Most people think—and say—exercise increases appetite, but in my experience, this has more to do with hedonic compensation than actual increases in appetite. In other words, we often reward ourselves for being active by (over)consuming food, and more often than not, we rationalize our overeating and indulgence in junk food with exercise. While the impact of exercise on appetite does vary from person to person, there’s little scientific evidence that exercise actually makes people hungrier. In fact, experiments often reveal that exercise reduces appetite.32,33 Tip 7: Take a walk. While you could argue that the “best” time to exercise is whenever you can make time, exercising after eating can increase satiety and improve glycemic control.34,35 In fact, taking a 20-minute walk after dinner is more effective at improving glycemic variability (think managing blood sugar) than taking a walk before a meal.36 Tip 8: Lift weights. There’s a big difference between weight loss and quality weight loss, which emphasizes shedding excess body fat (especially belly fat) while maintaining (or even better, increasing) calorie-burning lean muscle, which has functional and metabolic significance. This is really important because losing lean muscle—which is a common, expected side effect of typical weight-loss diets—leads to: 1. Decreased metabolic rate 2. Greater likelihood of weight regain 3. A host of potential negative health consequences 4. Increased appetite. While weight loss typically leads to a proportional increase in appetite, researchers believe that losing muscle drives hunger, appetite, and overeating—a phenomenon known as collateral fattening.37,38 When it comes to protecting calorie-burning muscle, the two keys are: 1. Optimizing protein intake 2. Lifting weights Along those lines, it’s a good idea to lift weights (exercising each of your major body parts) 2 – 3 times per week emphasizing “compound movements,” like squats, presses, and rows. Tip 9: Try keto. The keto diet is hotter than a tea kettle these days, and it is becoming increasingly popular as a weight-loss diet. One reason it can help with weight loss is that ketone bodies may directly suppress the appetite.28 For example, a recent review study published in the journal Obesity Reviews found that the ketogenic diet suppresses appetite, reduces hunger, increases satiety (feelings of fullness and satisfaction).29 Additional studies have shown that the ketogenic diet reduces levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin and increases levels of satiety hormones, such as CCK.30 And interestingly, one study showed that the keto diet prevents the increase in appetite normally experienced with weight loss.31 Tip 10: Get low. Energy density refers to the relationship of the caloric content of a food relative to its weight (i.e., calories per gram of food). When you choose low-energy-dense foods (LEDF), which typically have high water and fiber content, you can eat more food. That’s key because one of the most important factors in making you feel full (satiated) and cueing you to stop eating is food volume. Along those lines, diets rich in LEDF typically result in greater satiety and lower caloric intake. Low-energy-dense diets lead to better hunger hormone profiles (e.g., less ghrelin, more PYY), and these improvements in appetite control are sustainable after weight loss.39,40 The best examples of LEDF are fruits and veggies, and whole grains, legumes, lean meats, and dairy are also LEDF. In other words, this is a fancy way of saying you should eat more colorful fruits and vegetables. Tip 11: Sleep. Want a surefire way to jack up your hunger hormones and increase your appetite? Don’t get enough sleep. There’s no question that lack of sleep increases appetite, particularly for high-carb, high-fat junk foods. Interestingly, sleep deprivation amplifies the release of naturally-occurring endocannabinoids, which bind to the same receptors as the active ingredient in marijuana. This increase in endocannabinoids, of course, results in a greater desire to eat highly palatable foods—also referred to as the munchies.41 Sleep deprivation has also been shown to suppress levels of leptin and elevate ghrelin levels. As mentioned above, this hormonal cascade leads to a surge in appetite, and it also makes normally tasty junk foods even more palatable. Besides messing with your hunger hormones, sleep deprivation also goes hand-in-hand with staying up late, and the more hours you’re awake, the more food you’re going to eat. It’s as simple as that: Sleeping less means increased caloric intake.42 Of course, we all know what types of foods people reach for at those late hours—high-calorie junk food. How to Control Your Hunger Hormones: A Recap While hunger hormones are very real, there are many reasons we crave and eat food. For example, our food environment and the people we spend our time with can have tremendous influence on what and how much we eat. So, while these 11 tips to control hunger hormones offer a solid blueprint to appetite management, be mindful of why and how you eat. BioTrust Nutrition- Share on Social • 1. Coleman DL. Effects of parabiosis of obese with diabetes and normal mice. Diabetologia. 1973;9(4):294-298. doi:10.1007/BF01221857 • 3. Brennan AM, Mantzoros CS. Drug Insight: the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology--emerging clinical applications. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2006;2(6):318-327. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0196 • 4. Dubuc GR, Phinney SD, Stern JS, Havel PJ. Changes of serum leptin and endocrine and metabolic parameters after 7 days of energy restriction in men and women. Metabolism. 1998;47(4):429-434. • 5. Weigle DS, Cummings DE, Newby PD, et al. Roles of leptin and ghrelin in the loss of body weight caused by a low fat, high carbohydrate diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(4):1577-1586. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021262 • 6. Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL. Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. Int J Obes. 2010;34:S47-S55. doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.184 • 8. Heilbronn LK, de Jonge L, Frisard MI, et al. Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;295(13):1539. doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1539 • 11. Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte D, Seeley RJ, Baskin DG. Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature. 2000;404(6778):661-671. doi:10.1038/35007534 • 12. Dickson SL, Egecioglu E, Landgren S, Skibicka KP, Engel JA, Jerlhag E. The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;340(1):80-87. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.017 • 13. Egecioglu E, Jerlhag E, Salomé N, et al. Ghrelin increases intake of rewarding food in rodents. Addict Biol. 2010;15(3):304-311. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00216.x • 14. Skibicka KP, Hansson C, Egecioglu E, Dickson SL. Role of ghrelin in food reward: impact of ghrelin on sucrose self-administration and mesolimbic dopamine and acetylcholine receptor gene expression. Addict Biol. 2012;17(1):95-107. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00294.x • 15. Austin J, Marks D. Hormonal regulators of appetite. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009;2009. doi:10.1155/2009/141753 • 16. Perry B, Wang Y. Appetite regulation and weight control: the role of gut hormones. Nutr Diabetes. 2012;2(1):e26. doi:10.1038/nutd.2011.21 • 17. Ahima RS, Antwi DA. Brain regulation of appetite and satiety. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2008;37(4):811-823. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2008.08.005 • 18. Gunawardane K, Krarup Hansen T, Sandahl Christiansen J, Lunde Jorgensen JO. Normal physiology of growth hormone in adults. In: De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, et al., eds. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA):, Inc.; 2000. Accessed March 28, 2017. • 19. Rudman D, Feller AG, Nagraj HS, et al. Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(1):1-6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199007053230101 • 20. Benedict C, Axelsson T, Söderberg S, et al. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is linked to higher plasma levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin and lower serum levels of the satiety hormone leptin in older adults. Diabetes. 2014;63(11):3955-3959. doi:10.2337/db14-0470 • 21. Angelopoulos T, Kokkinos A, Liaskos C, et al. The effect of slow spaced eating on hunger and satiety in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2014;2(1). doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000013 • 22. Miquel-Kergoat S, Azais-Braesco V, Burton-Freeman B, Hetherington MM. Effects of chewing on appetite, food intake and gut hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav. 2015;151:88-96. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.017 • 23. Sofer S, Eliraz A, Kaplan S, et al. Changes in daily leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin profiles following a diet with carbohydrates eaten at dinner in obese subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis NMCD. 2013;23(8):744-750. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2012.04.008 • 24. Drazen DL, Vahl TP, D’Alessio DA, Seeley RJ, Woods SC. Effects of a fixed meal pattern on ghrelin secretion: evidence for a learned response independent of nutrient status. Endocrinology. 2006;147(1):23-30. doi:10.1210/en.2005-0973 • 25. Frecka JM, Mattes RD. Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;294(3):G699-707. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2007 • 26. Hoddy KK, Gibbons C, Kroeger CM, et al. Changes in hunger and fullness in relation to gut peptides before and after 8 weeks of alternate day fasting. Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl. 2016;35(6):1380-1385. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.011 • 29. Gibson AA, Seimon RV, Lee CMY, et al. Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev Off J Int Assoc Study Obes. 2015;16(1):64-76. doi:10.1111/obr.12230 • 30. Paoli A, Bosco G, Camporesi EM, Mangar D. Ketosis, ketogenic diet and food intake control: a complex relationship. Front Psychol. 2015;6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00027 • 31. Nymo S, Coutinho SR, Jørgensen J, et al. Timeline of changes in appetite during weight loss with a ketogenic diet. Int J Obes 2005. April 2017. doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.96 • 32. Dohle S, Wansink B, Zehnder L. Exercise and food compensation: exploring diet-related beliefs and behaviors of regular exercisers. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(3):322-327. doi:10.1123/jpah.2013-0383 • 33. Broom DR, Miyashita M, Wasse LK, et al. Acute effect of exercise intensity and duration on acylated ghrelin and hunger in men. J Endocrinol. 2017;232(3):411-422. doi:10.1530/JOE-16-0561 • 34. Stensel D. Exercise, appetite and appetite-regulating hormones: implications for food intake and weight control. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010;57 Suppl 2:36-42. doi:10.1159/000322702 • 35. Erickson ML, Jenkins NT, McCully KK. Exercise after you eat: hitting the postprandial glucose target. Front Endocrinol. 2017;8. doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00228 • 36. Colberg SR, Zarrabi L, Bennington L, et al. Postprandial walking is better for lowering the glycemic effect of dinner than pre-dinner exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009;10(6):394-397. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2009.03.015 • 37. Dulloo AG. Collateral fattening: When a deficit in lean body mass drives overeating. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2017;25(2):277-279. doi:10.1002/oby.21734 • 38. Dulloo AG, Jacquet J, Miles-Chan JL, Schutz Y. Passive and active roles of fat-free mass in the control of energy intake and body composition regulation. Eur J Clin Nutr. December 2016. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.256 • 39. Buckland NJ, Camidge D, Croden F, et al. A low energy–dense diet in the context of a weight-management program affects appetite control in overweight and obese women. J Nutr. 2018;148(5):798-806. doi:10.1093/jn/nxy041 • 40. Hill BR, Rolls BJ, Roe LS, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Ghrelin and peptide YY increase with weight loss during a 12-month intervention to reduce dietary energy density in obese women. Peptides. 2013;49:138-144. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.09.009 • 41. Hanlon EC, Tasali E, Leproult R, et al. Sleep restriction enhances the daily rhythm of circulating levels of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Sleep. 2016;39(3):653-664. doi:10.5665/sleep.5546 • 42. Brondel L, Romer MA, Nougues PM, Touyarou P, Davenne D. Acute partial sleep deprivation increases food intake in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(6):1550-1559. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28523
just breathe blog relax calm ‘Just breathe!’ – Breathing your way to better health. Breathing is the only vital function under both voluntary and involuntary control. We can be distracted, dosing or even unconscious, and our breathing is taken care of. By contrast, we can direct our attention to our breath, and purposefully alter our breathing pattern. This ability of our breath to straddle both our conscious and unconscious experience is in large part thanks to the diaphragm, situated just below our lungs, which comprises both smooth and skeletal muscle. One consequence of breathing cutting across the mind-body divide is that we can become caught up in positive and negative feedback loops. Because the physiology and psychology of breathing are inextricably intertwined, breathing patterns vary according to our emotional state, just as our emotional state varies according to our breathing patterns. For example, you have an exam to sit and are feeling incredibly anxious about it, believing it will be too difficult for you. This anxious belief sets off a chain reaction in the body, affecting your breathing pattern, biochemistry, and physiological responses. These, in turn, create bodily symptoms, leading to a second tier of anxiety, further affecting your breathing. By now, you are anxious about your breathing and your body symptoms as well as the exam, and locked into a self-perpetuating cycle. The good news is that we can modulate and even reverse this chain reaction by engaging our breath as an ally to calm things down, rather than ramp things up. At this stage, it is useful to clarify some key terms. Breathing is the physical process by which you inhale oxygen from the atmosphere and exhale carbon dioxide from the lungs back out into the atmosphere. This movement of gas in and out of the lungs is also known as ventilation. Respiration is an involuntary chemical process whereby the inhaled oxygen is used to break down glucose and to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water. When we inhale, our lungs expand, our diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, and internal air pressure decreases to facilitate the intake of oxygen. Breathing in also gently activates the SNS (sympathetic nervous system) to aid this increase in effort. When we exhale, our diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, and internal air pressure increases to expel CO2. Breathing out gently activates the PNS (parasympathetic nervous system) to release this effort and relax. Balanced, healthy breathing is highly adaptive, suited to the circumstances and the body’s changing metabolic needs. For example, in pregnancy a woman breathes more shallowly, but at a faster rate to compensate for decreased lung capacity. Conversely, a fit soldier tabbing with 25kg on his back breathes deeply, inhaling and exhaling large amounts of oxygen and CO2 respectively. However, when the breath does not match physiological needs, often for psychological or emotional reasons, it creates imbalance, as with our exam anxiety example above. This can be termed dysfunctional breathing. Think of a breathing continuum ranging from shallow, under-breathing know as ‘hypoventilation’ to rapid over-breathing, termed  ‘hyperventilation’. Either end of the spectrum carries unpleasant symptoms, and in extreme and chronic cases has health implications. Chronic hypoventilation can lead to high levels of CO2 and acid in the blood, or ‘acidosis’. Chronic hyperventilation can lead to low levels of CO2 and high levels of alkaline in the blood, or ‘alkalosis’. Symptoms are unpleasant and include muscle spasms, weakness, confusion and numbness. An acute bout of hyperventilation in the absence of real danger can be synonymous with a rapid escalation of anxiety and panic attacks. Chronic dysfunctional breathing can compromise our immune system. Thus, the importance of balanced breathing and respiration is not only key to sustaining life, but has a ripple effect on our physical, mental and emotional health and wellbeing. Yoga, Mindfulness and a host of bodywork therapies have long understood this, and have the breath as a central pillar of their practices. Effective therapies for trauma, such as EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and TRE® (Tension & Trauma Release Exercises) all pay attention to the breath. Our breath patterns literally create physiological states that create perceptions about how safe, unsafe, friendly or hostile the world is. Learning and practising an array of conscious breathing techniques helps balance us physiologically, psychologically, emotionally and spiritually. Watch out for my follow-up article containing some practical examples of different breathing practices to promote health and wellbeing.
Gamedev Framework (gf)  0.10.0 A C++14 framework for 2D games String identifiers Table of Contents A gf::Id represents an identifier that has been computed from a string. Technically, it's a message digest from the Fowler–Noll–Vo 1a hash function. How to get an id from a string? There are two ways to get an id from a string. The first one is to call gf::hash with the string. You can use a C string or a std::string or anything that can be converted to a gf::StringRef. gf::Id id1 = gf::hash("C string"); std::string str("std::string"); gf::Id id2 = gf::hash(str); The second one is to use the user-defined literal _id. First, you have to include a using namespace directive in order to be able to use this user-defined literal. using namespace gf::literals; // necessary to use _id Then, you can use the user-defined literal on literal strings. gf::Id id1 = "C string"_id; gf::Id id2 = "std::string"_id; The main advantage is that the id is computed at compile-time. static_assert("foobar"_id == 0x85944171f73967e8, "It works at compile-time!"); So, you can even use this property to compute a switch statement on a string. std::string input = myInput(); switch (gf::hash(input)) { case "Foo"_id: // input is "Foo" case "Bar"_id: // input is "Bar" case "Baz"_id: // input is "Baz"
By now you may have heard about antioxidants – in food articles, from health experts or on nutrition labels. You’ve been told to eat foods that are good for your stomach and those that protect your heart but what about replenishing the cells that make up these critical organs in our body? The buzzword is antioxidants. Let’s begin by understanding some basics. You may want to skip the dessert on date night: Sugar may impact the chain of events needed for an erection. “One common side effect of chronically high levels of sugar in the bloodstream is that it can make men impotent,” explains Brunilda Nazario, MD, WebMD’s associate medical editor. This is because it affects your circulatory system, which controls the blood flow throughout your body and needs to be working properly to get and keep an erection. Because you’re not getting any real nutrients when you eat sugar, you may still feel hungry. One Australian study found that higher refined sugar intake was associated with an inability to realize you’re full. Plus, with sweet drinks, “calories from sugar in liquid form are not thought to be satiating, and people are not able to fully account for the calories that were consumed in liquid form with a compensatory reduction in calories at subsequent meals,” Dr. Malik says. So, you may end up eating more calories overall. Here are 50 “healthy” snacks that are secretly bad for you. Plants are humanity's greatest ally in the fight against climate change. Plants soak up carbon dioxide and turn it into leaves and branches. The more trees humans plant, the less heat-trapping carbon pollution in the air. Unfortunately, plants require a lot of water and land, so much that humans might need a new to find a new ally to help draw down all that carbon. It’s very important with Cinnamon, Clove and Turmeric to not overdo it…too much Cinnamon is toxic in high doses and in high doses is also bad for the kidneys/liver (Ceylon Cinnamon is better than Cassia Cinnamon in this regard), too much Clove can burn the esophagus and be hard on the stomach lining and too much Turmeric is a blood thinner (so extra important to back off a week or 2 before any surgeries) and can exacerbate acid reflux. Turmeric also requires pepper and oil for the beneficial antioxidants to be absorbed into the body. It may be best to use these spices in “spice” quantities and not use as a supplement…a pinch, or an 1/8 t. or per the measurements called for in a recipe.
Home » eukaryotes Eukaryotes project – Eukaryotes and Microscopes – Biology Activities By |2017-05-28T17:37:40-07:00May 28th, 2017|Biology| Human cheek cells (seen through a microscope at 400X) The best way to understand cells better is to look at some through a microscope. If you don't have a microscope yourself, try going to a science museum or try to raise money to get one for your school. You can also get microscope [...] What is cytoplasm? Parts of a cell – Cell Biology By |2019-04-30T12:46:50-07:00May 28th, 2017|Biology| What is cytoplasm? A very simple cell (seen through a microscope) What is cytoplasm? Inside all cells, from the most simple to the most complicated, there is cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is what all the rest of the stuff inside the cell floats in. Parts of a cell Evolution of cells All our biology articles [...] What is a sponge? Porifera, Evolution, and Biology By |2018-04-13T14:35:53-07:00May 28th, 2017|Biology| A group of brightly colored sponges in the ocean For almost three billion years, the only living things on earth were one-celled creatures, either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Even today, the vast majority of the living things on earth are one-celled creatures, or microbes. But about 600 million years ago, a few one-celled creatures [...] How do eyes work? Evolution and Biology By |2019-06-03T16:05:12-07:00May 27th, 2017|Biology| A flatworm with eye-spots Eyespots came first Living creatures have been able to tell if it's light out or not  for about two billion years. That's when some eukaryote cells evolved to be able to sense changes in their surroundings and react to them. More about eyespots The Proterozoic Eukaryote flagella All our biology articles For [...]
Tropical rain forests are home to an almost infinite variety of plants and animals. These forests, at the same time, provide mankind with wood and many other valuable raw In addition, - above all reforestated - tropical rain forests act as the "lungs" for our planet, and the influence that they exert on our climate as well as their relevance to ecology and efficient cultivation is The tropical rain forest is the home to the native Indian population. The ruinous exploitation of these forests, as it still goes on in Brazil, for example, virtually means genocide for these The only lasting and effective solution for these people is a forestry utilization program that ensures the preservation of the rain forests. The boycott against tropical wood, claimed by certain organizations, has proven to be the fastest method of ensuring the destruction of "tropical rain forests". Landowners are forced to burn down the forests to replace them with farms, grazing lands and plantations that can supply them with marketable products they need to Huamboya means Huambu: floating and Ya: house in the old Shuar language, "The house that floats" is inhabited by "SHUAR" communities such as the Namakim and Chiguaza, which are part of the Sangay National Park located specifically to the South-East of the Huamboya presents a Humid Tropical Megathermal climate, with annual precipitations that oscillate between the 2500 to 4000 mm and temperatures between 10 to 20° c. This forest is covered by native forest without human intervention, where millenary trees and endemic species of the Amazon, terrestrial, aquatic and aerial, are found. The forest has some 586 endemic plant species of which 45% are orchids. This forest hold a rich diversity of animal life such as 343 species of birds, 100 species of mammals and more than 500 species of vertebrates. This is why Rain Forest Resources INC is so interested in conserving this ecosystem.
This question already has an answer here: Why when we sign up on sites like Facebook and Gmail do our passwords have to be 8-12 characters in length, or some other cap? 8-12 spaces are finite, but you can make your passwords more "secure" by adding uppercase letters and numbers. It looks like Gmail passwords cap out at 100 characters (as of Sept 14 2017): https://i.imgur.com/vko3h2x.png I think that the real reason our passwords are capped in length is for matters of legality, above any shortcomings in cryptographic efficiency. If the company needs to access your account they will access your account and don't want any obstacles in doing so. At first I thought they put a cap on passwords because if they store passwords with longer lengths on their servers they will run out of space on their drives, but char values like passwords doesn't occupy much space, it is just a bunch of letters and numbers after all. Perhaps PBKDF2 with HMAC can decipher passwords of any length, but it will increase CPU processing time in doing so as well as space on a drive (perhaps around 1GB for a very long password). Should companies with very large data centres be able to accommodate the simultaneous hashing of all the users of their platforms? Passwords are capped at 12 (or whatever that number may be, 100 for Gmail because Google has the money to accommodate hashing to 100 characters with ease on their systems) because password key derivation function techniques are currently not at a level to decipher passwords of longer lengths efficiently. This means if you wanted to make your password 250 characters long you wouldn't be allowed to because the company doesn't feel it would be equipped to crack your password should they ever have the need to in an efficient manner. Are we truly free? what motivation do we have to make our passwords more secure than "password" or "12345678" if there is a cap imposed on our security? It seems the message they are delivering is that you can be secure, but not so secure that it makes our job more difficult. A lock will keep out most intruders, but the ones equipped to crack the lock will do so. Do we choose the lock that will keep the most intruders out, or buy any average lock and hope the ones that can crack it don't come by our houses? By making our passwords more secure through the addition of uppercase letters and numbers we begin to limit the number of people who can crack the password but people will still crack the password if they want to. marked as duplicate by Xander, Bacon Brad, Steve, Stephane, Tobi Nary Sep 15 '17 at 10:38 • 3 You seem to have a misunderstanding of password hashes, the hash will be the same length regardless of the length of the password. I'm also not sure what question you're asking. – AndrolGenhald Sep 14 '17 at 16:46 • @AndrolGenhald it will take more time, more space and the CPU will be more occupied trying to decipher a password the longer it is in length. – wanttolearnmoreaboutladders Sep 14 '17 at 16:50 • @AndrolGenhald why isn't password length cap infinite? And why can't I have a password that is 575 characters in length? – wanttolearnmoreaboutladders Sep 14 '17 at 16:51 • 2 I was curious so I tested time { printf 'a%.0s' {1..10} | python -c 'from sys import stdin; import bcrypt; print(bcrypt.hashpw(stdin.read(), bcrypt.gensalt(12)))'; }. 10 characters took 0.303s, 100,000 characters took 0.376s, 1,000,000 characters took 0.981s, but when testing it with python printing stdin directly the increase was exactly the same. Conclusion: absurdly long passwords increase i/o time, but don't affect bcrypt significantly. – AndrolGenhald Sep 14 '17 at 17:07 • 1 Edit: Oops, looks like I just summarized the accepted answer... You need SOME limit, what limit is used is probably whatever the dev arbitrarily decided "should be long enough for anybody's real-world password". And a 32-character completely random password is, as discussed elsewhere on this site, completely unbreakable without consuming the entire energy output of several suns, so really 100 characters is plenty long enough for someone as...shall we say, "privacy-conscious"...as you seem to be. – Ben Sep 14 '17 at 21:12 If you don't mind me being blunt, I think you have a lot of misunderstandings in your post, and a lot of your conclusions seemed to be based on assumptions of what amount to conspiracy theories. First, let's be clear about a couple things, which I feel should be sufficient to dispel some of your assumptions and conspiracy theories: 1. Google does not have the computer resources to crack a 100 character password. The entire earth does not have enough computing power or energy to do such a thing. In fact, even a truly random password with only ~20 characters is long enough to be uncrackable by anyone (presuming a simple brute force attack of course, and ignoring phishing/algorithm weaknesses/etc) 2. If google wanted access to your data they wouldn't have to try to crack your password anyway. They could just update their source code to store the plain text version of it the next time you login. The same is true for any website that you log in to. Anyone running a server doesn't have to crack your password to read it: it is waaaaay easier than that. As a result, your general statement that companies have password length maximums because that allows them to crack your password when they want to is, without exception, completely wrong. So why are there maximums? This question discusses that for many legacy systems: What technical reasons are there to have low maximum password lengths? Google is a separate matter: a 100 character maximum is not actually unreasonable. I doubt anyone is trying to use 100 character passwords, and even password managers don't (because 100 characters is absolute overkill). There may be technical reasons with their cryptographic algorithms that require a maximum of 100 characters, but more than likely it is an arbitrary limit put in place because some limit is needed, and there is no practical reason for having a password that long in the first place. To reiterate one more point, there is a physical limit to the length of a password that can actually be brute-forced. It comes down to energy considerations, and the minimum amount of energy required to run computers that could crack passwords. The overall gist of it is that for long enough passwords, there isn't enough energy in the entire world to crack the password, even if you had infinite computing resources to throw at the problem: Also good reading for you, to help you really understand some of the issues around password length: https://www.infoworld.com/article/2655121/security/password-size-does-matter.html https://security.stackexchange.com/a/118457/149676 https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/1145/how-much-would-it-cost-in-u-s-dollars-to-brute-force-a-256-bit-key-in-a-year https://www.reddit.com/r/theydidthemath/comments/1x50xl/time_and_energy_required_to_bruteforce_a_aes256/ • Perhaps I am not very coherent overall, but I am not wrong in my thinking that longer passwords are more secure. – wanttolearnmoreaboutladders Sep 14 '17 at 17:28 • 3 You are 100% right about that: longer passwords are more secure overall. However, there is a law of diminishing returns. There is also a very real physical limit to the length of a password that is actually brute-forceable, based upon energy requirements from entropy calculations. I updated my list of links with another one that discuss the actual physical limits to password cracking. There is definitely a password length after which, there really isn't any point of making the password longer. – Conor Mancone Sep 14 '17 at 17:34 • Oh well... maybe i got the Image but you said it way much better. And also missed the conspiracy "Google trying to hack you" approach. – Azteca Sep 14 '17 at 17:46 • +1 for better answer than mine and awesome references. – Azteca Sep 14 '17 at 18:02 • Also +1 for "and there is no practical reason for having a password that long in the first place" – Royce Williams Sep 14 '17 at 18:38 Because of the "Ease of use, functionality and security triangle" Taken from: https://cehv7guide.wordpress.com/ We're only dwelling in the ease of use vs security since the functionality doesn't imply much work increasing the size of the password (Like google the image you shared of google having a limit of 100 - which is an overkill IMHO). Since the mid 80's the internet has been for available for the common people, the idea of a password in security is "What you know?" Yeah, a password can be 100000 characters long maybe (Note: the default max size of an input it's 524288 length), and it's still unfeasable to crack it in most of today's implementation, also who can remember a 20 password length? maybe a 100? maybe you can remember a really long sentence. No one will ever use the 1st chapter of the "Don Quixote" as a password, human memory ain't THAT great. Sure maybe you can store it or use something like "LastPass" but that's not for a common/daily user. TL;DR Increasing the maximum doesn't keep adding security, at certain point it starts removing "ease of use" and adds little "security". Short answer: lazy programmers implementing password storage poorly. Longer answer: legacy password systems the web sites need to inter-operate with, which don't understand hashes and have to use plain text passwords, with limits. Additionally, there is a usability question. Many end users don't use password managers, and it is a cost to the business to run support lines when users need to reset their passwords. It is in the business' financial interest to "limit" users in some ways, so they don't pick a 100 character password, and then mis-type it. A major banking web site I won't name doesn't tell its users that it lower-cases all passwords behind the scenes (you can log in with any mixed case password, change the case, and it will still work) while others will let you log in with the phone keypad numeric equivalent of your password, because it shares a back-end system with the phone verification system. • 8 I don't find it plausible that the Google security developement team consists of lazy programmers. – Jacco Sep 14 '17 at 17:04 • I never said Google were lazy, I answered why (most) systems have such small limits. Google supports 100 characters, which is way more than needed, or NIST guidance suggests pages.nist.gov/800-63-3 If you care about entropy and brute forcing that is hardly a limit. 20 (random) character passwords are functionally beyond practical brute forcing, and 100 is overkill. – JesseM Sep 14 '17 at 17:17 • @JesseM so by that merit, what do they think of passwords 1000 characters in length? – wanttolearnmoreaboutladders Sep 14 '17 at 17:20 • 3 20 characters might not be enough for people who want to make good passphrases easier to memorize, eg diceware style passphrases. – AndrolGenhald Sep 14 '17 at 17:20
How does mining affect the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere? 1 Answer Feb 13, 2018 • Pollutes the air with dust. This affects wildlife and creates poor air quality in the area. • When coal is burned it releases many harmful chemicals into the air, such as methane (greenhouse gas) and contributes to global warming • Destroys plant and animal habitats (kills plants, destroys resources that animals use) and causes animals to leave or die (read more about mining and biodiversity here) • The release of chemicals is harmful to humans and causes many deaths (eg. mercury, which harms entire food chains) • Mountaintop removal, where tops of hills and mountains are removed to reveal coal. • A great deal of soil and land is removed, permanently altering the landscape (read about mining and erosion here) More detailed information:
Last edited 12 Jun 2018 Difference between existing use value and market value The term 'existing use value' (EUV) describes what property or land is worth in its current form. In other words, the price that it can be sold for on the open market, assuming it will only be used for the existing use for the foreseeable future. The term 'market value' refers to the price that property or land can actually be sold for on the open market. Generally there is minimal or no difference between the EUV and market value of property or land, however, there are some instances where there will be a difference. For example, there may be an expectation that it will be possible to get planning permission to develop the land, or that it may be possible to change the use of property. This will give it a higher value, known as 'hope value'. This can prove problematic when valuations are carried out, and generally the valuer will provide an opinion on both valuations and explain the reasons for the difference in their valuation report. Such a difference could be material to an overall assessment of an entity’s financial position. For example, a company has an obligation under the Companies Act 1985 to disclose if the figure shown on its balance sheet is materially different from the market value of its assets. There may also be a difference between the values if the valuation involves a property portfolio. According to 'RICS ValuationProfessional Standards', as long as the difference between the values on one individual property does not make a material difference to the aggregate value of the properties in the portfolio, the valuer is only required to indicate whether the market value of that particular property would be higher or lower than the EUV. They do not have to provide an alternative valuation or give reasons for the difference. [edit] Find out more [edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
英語 - スペイン語 辞彙: +10 rate 2. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka +9 rate 3. An organic printed circuit card or board on which smaller components, cards, or modules can be mounted. +8 rate 4. National Film Board of Canada +8 rate 5. papermaking Papers of 220 gsm and over are generally called boards. They are most often of more than one ply. +8 rate 6. Also known as 'mixing console', a large unit having additional functions such as tone control, equalization, pan pots, channel assigns, monitoring sends, and control of signals sent to external signal processors. +7 rate 7. National Labor Relations Board +7 rate 8. Trade Board of; +7 rate 9. Paper of more than 200gsm. +6 rate 10. cover with planks; get on, go aboard (train, etc.); accommodate, house; be accommodated, be housed +6 rate 11. marketing board +6 rate 12. S T A Y (v) to pay to sleep and eat meals in someone's house, or in a building that they own, or at a school, or to provide these services for (someone) During his stay in England he boarded with a family in Bath. When you went to school were you a day-student or did you board (= sleep and eat there during school time) ? She boarded (= provided meals and somewhere to sleep for) a lodger at her house. If you board a pet animal, you arrange for it to be temporarily taken care of at a place other than its home. They used to board the dog out when they went on business trips. +6 rate 13. The main control for the stage lighting. Originally known as the switchboard or dimmerboard, it is now usually remote from the dimmers. The lighting operator for a show is said to be "on the board". +6 rate 14. petroleum industry The Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board. +5 rate 15. bulletin board system +5 rate 16. An organized group of individuals within a joint force commander’s headquarters, appointed by the commander (or other authority) that meets with the purpose of gaining guidance or decision. Its responsibilities and authority are governed by the authority which established the board. (JP 3-33) +5 rate 17. An acronym for Digital Signal Processing Board, which may encompass both audio and video processing, that manipulates signals internally within a custom chip in the digital domain. +4 rate 18. anagram broad +4 rate 19. plank, slab; management committee; printed circuit board which connects to a slot in a computer (Computers); food +4 rate 20. Ouija board 我々 は、次を発見した スペイン語 単語と翻訳の"board": 英語 スペイン語 だから、これはどのようにあなたが言うことができますです"board"の スペイン語 英語 スペイン語 今までの数は 7,279,588 の単語で検索/式の間で 38,582 今日。 タグ: board, cartón, consejo, entarimar, patronato, tabla, tablero, entablar 協力を受けています dictionary-englishspanish.com ここをクリックして必要なHTML コードを取得するには 0.0752 / 0.0358 (169)
Soda. Juice. Snapple. Gatorade. Energy Drinks. Lemonade. Diet versions of all of these...  what is a mother to serve? Here is a basic way to think about hydration. Every mammal on earth drinks water. Carnivores, like wolves, drink water. Herbivores, like deer, drink water. Primates, like gorillas drink water. Humans are primates and mammals. So, if you or someone in your family is thirsty, water is your go-to drink. If family members are drinking something to accompany a meal, think of this as hydration, and go with water. What if my child is playing soccer? Should he drink a sports drink like Gatorade or Propel? Probably not. Water is the best drink to replenish fluids during and after athletics. Water does not contain extra and unnecessary sugar and salt. Are there exceptions? Yes. Is your child playing soccer for more than three hours straight? Or, is your child playing soccer in extreme heat? Unless your child is engaging in endurance athletics or you are concerned about hot weather to which your child is not accustomed, water is best. What about milk? I like to think of milk as food - something to drink when you are hungry, not thirsty. So, if you are looking for a snack, whole, unsweetened milk might be a good choice, assuming you or your family member does well with dairy. But for thirst, go with water. (If you have an underweight child into whom you are always trying to sneak calories, maybe milk is a good choice anytime.) What about alcohol? If you are thirsty, drink water. If you want to get a buzz on, drink alcohol. If you want to get a buzz on while maintaining your weight, avoid adding sugary beverages to your cocktails, and try to keep an eye on how many drinks you consume each week. What about soda, lemonade, Snapple, Sweet Tea, fruit juice, and other sugary beverages? Again, if you are thirsty, drink water. If you are choosing a beverage to accompany a meal, drink water. If you are celebrating a special occasion, perhaps you might choose to splurge and have a soft drink. And, when you drink it, think of it as special treat, not a daily privilege. (Note to self: keep these celebrations to once or twice a month.) For day-to-day hydration, drink only water.  May I flavor my water with citrus, berries, tea, herbs, or other unsweetened additions?  Sure. Although unnecessary, it adds variety.  Go for it. It seems we are so sophisticated and so affluent that the obvious choice of what to have to drink - water - has been eclipsed by the multi-billion dollar beverage industry's menu of enticing, expensive, and health degrading choices. Many people think water is boring. But it is also a critical step on our collective path back to health. We are lucky enough to live in a country where clean, drinkable water flows at almost no cost from our taps. Let's start turning the faucets and filling our glasses.