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• Robert O Young DSc, PhD, Naturopathic Practitioner Is Acid Raining On Our Planet and On Us? Updated: May 4, 2020 Could This Be the Cause of the 'Corona Effect' of the Red Blood Cells? The Negative Effects of Climate Change The negative effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide) are familiar, however many people don't understand the impacts of ocean acidification, which is often called the “evil twin” of climate change.[1] Awareness among scientists and the public is relatively recent, but this issue has the potential to become one of the most pressing and dangerous consequences of fossil fuel emissions. Carbon Dioxide is Emitted Through Burning Fossil Fuels Ocean acidification is essentially the rapid reduction of pH in seawater caused by the ocean’s absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.[2] CO2 occurs naturally in the atmosphere but is also a manmade greenhouse gas that’s produced by burning fossil fuels like coal and natural gas from factories and transportation. The Prediction Ocean acidification began in the industrial era in the 18th century and is quickly accelerating. Before the Industrial Revolution, the average pH of surface seawater was 8.2 and the current surface seawater pH is about 8.1.[3] Only a 0.1 drop may not seem concerning, however, the pH scale is logarithmic with each increment actually representing a tenfold change. Therefore, this 0.1 drop represents a 25% increase in ocean acidity.[3] Predicted Change in Ocean pH by NOAA[4] According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), if we don’t take any CO2 emission-limiting steps, our ocean’s surface is predicted to drop to a pH level of 7.67 by the year 2100.[4] Currently, the pH of the ocean’s surface is about 8.1. This drastic 0.43 drop has never occurred in approximately 21 million years and it has potential to become a huge acidic problem; scientists are unsure if ocean life is able to adapt that quickly to the change in acidity. The truth is that ocean life will cease to exist![4] Putting the predicted 0.43 drop in pH into perspective, it could result in a 165% increase in surface ocean acidity and the death of all marine life. Human Impact Today the ideal pH of the human body fluids, which include intracellular, interstitial and intravascular are at 7.365. With the increase of acid rain our body is exposed to from air, food, and radiation pollution added to the exposure of acid rain from metabolic acids, dietary acids and acidic drugs, the pH of our body fluids are becoming over-acidic causing an epidemic in sickness and disease. This includes epidemics in external and internal generated infections and outfections, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, autism, dementia and stroke.[5] A change in the pH of the body fluids, especially the interstitial fluids of 0.1 or a decrease of 25% is the cause of all sickness and disease. At a decrease in alkalinity of 0.2 will result in coma and then death! The most important factor in prevention of ALL sickness and disease is the test the urine pH daily. The pH of the urine for sustaining life is at 7.2 or greater.[5] The Degeneration of the Lung Caused by Decompensated Acidosis of the Interstitial Fluids of the Lungs[6] The Cause? & The Answer to The Cause! Acid rain from our external environment and our internal environment include: 1. Carbon Dioxide and Monoxide Poisoning 2. Glyphosate Acid Poisoning from non-organic fruit and vegetables 3. Lactic Acid Poisoning from diet and metabolism 4. Uric, Nitric, Sulphuric and Phosphoric Acid Poisoning from eating the flesh and blood of animals 5. Genetically Modified Organisms in our food supply and vaccines 6. Aluminum Oxide Poisoning from vaccination 7. Antibiotic Poisoning 8. Acidic Water, Alcohol, Coffee, Black tea, Soda drinks, Sport drinks 9. Sugar in all of its form or any word that ends in 'ose'. 10. Electro-Magnetic Frequency Poisoning from pulsating frequencies of 1.5GHz up to 300GHz. These are the Ten Top causes of sickness, disease and death.[5][6] We are the ONLY ONES that can STOP the systemic Worldwide Poisoning that is going on with how we live, what we eat, what we drink, what we breathe, what we think, what we feel and what we believe. The Treatment - STOP IT! "YOU are the one who needs to be the change YOU want to see" The pH Miracle Lifestyle is a self-care to a self-cure protocol outlined in The pH Miracle revised and updated - https://www.phmiracleproducts.com/collections/books-audio-video Healthy Oxygenated Red Blood Cells - Even in Color - Even in Size - Even in Shape! Watch the following interviews of Dr. Robert O. Young on the World Health Crisis! Go the the following links: 1. https://youtu.be/stPkTxMggmo - Dr. Robert O Young on Dealing With Our Health Crisis 2. https://www.bitchute.com/video/jqD5tbQO1WUT/ - Corona and 5G 3. https://youtu.be/gKjnEz5s37o - Dr. Robert O. Young ITNJ Testimony 4. https://youtu.be/imIiQF3T9hM - Corona Emergency Hearing #4: Dr. Rashid Buttar & Dr. Judy Mikovits 1. NOAA. (2016). In a high carbon dioxide world, dangerous waters ahead. (accessed on August 6, 2019) 2. NOAA. (2018). What is Ocean Acidification? (accessed on August 6, 2019) 3. National Geographic. (2017). Ocean Acidification. (accessed on August 6, 2019) 4. NOAA. (2010). Ocean Acidification, Today and in the Future. (accessed on August 6, 2019) 5. Young, R.O., Young, S.R, "The pH Miracle Revised and Updated." Hachett Publishing, 2010. 6. Are the Interstitial Fluids Raining Acid on YOUR Lung Cells? (December 17th, 2019) 1,333 views0 comments
What is Ear Wax? Want create site? Find Free WordPress Themes and plugins. Ear wax helps to protect and clean the ears. It is secreted by the skin glands within the ear canal, helping to prevent any foreign particles from getting further into your ear. It also has antibacterial properties! Ear wax is a natural part of our bodies’ way of cleaning itself and is not harmful. However, sometimes we can have too much of a good thing, resulting in problems including ear discomfort, tinnitus and/or hearing loss. If your ears produce too much wax, it may need to be removed. Wax removal is not recommended unless you are trained and have the appropriate equipment. Our experienced Audiologists at Eastern Audiology can perform wax removal safely and provide the appropriate recommendations for ongoing management. Should you have any further concerns with your hearing, ears and/or tinnitus, our Audiologists at our Narre Warren and Richmond clinics can evaluate your hearing with a hearing test and discuss any further management indicated.
Today Special : Wikipedia Day Today Special : Wikipedia Day Today Special : Wikipedia Day Wikipedia Day on January 15 is an occasion that celebrates the birth and formation of the site. Almost every single person in the world knows what Wikipedia is. When we search for something, a Wikipedia link is the first thing that pops up on our search engines. It is also a popular site since it provides in-depth information and presents everything in a user-friendly way. So without further ado, let’s dedicate this day to the information provider that has been feeding us with knowledge since day one. Happy Wikipedia Day! There was a time when students and researchers would need to go through tons of books in a library to attain information regarding a certain topic. This was the time when the internet had not reached the heights of innovation it has today. However, the world as we know it, completely evolved when this search engine was formed, and numerous websites were created to provide people with information regarding several topics. One of these famous websites is Wikipedia — also known as the free internet encyclopaedia. Overseen by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, the website is recognized for facilitating the creation and development of articles. Here’s a bit more on the history of Wikipedia. It all started when Jimmy Wales established Bomis, Inc., a web portal company, in 1996. By March 2000, Wales had introduced “Nupedia” to the world. This was a free online encyclopaedia that had an editor in chief, and a team of individuals who were reviewing the information published. In 2001, Nupedia was supplemented with a wiki software, and Wikipedia was launched as a feature of However, after several discussions, Wikipedia was relaunched as an independent website, and managed to publish over 20,000 articles in its first year! This included work in 18 different languages such as French, German, Polish, Dutch, Hebrew, Chinese, and Esperanto. Today, it has become one of the most visited sites in the globe and has information regarding almost every single topic of interest. However, schools and universities do not permit the use of Wikipedia in term papers due to a lack of proper references used by the site. 1. Form a Wikipedia page : Interested in knowing how Wikipedia works? Create a page of your own regarding a book, a movie, or a celebrity you are unable to find a Wiki page for. 2. Write an article : To celebrate the day, search a bit on the advantages and disadvantages of Wikipedia for students and write an article for publishing. 3. Do a study on its use : Find out how Wikipedia is used in assignments and whether it is the right source to quote, by conducting an online survey of school-going kids. 1. Incorrect information : Not all users provide accurate information on Wikipedia. 2. Fact-checking is not on point : In 2005, American journalist John L. Seigenthaler, Jr.’s biography falsely labeled him as a conspirator in the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Robert Kennedy. 3. Fixing information : Wikipedia relies on users to fix the articles. 4. Blocking IP addresses : The administrators of the page can block people. 5. Wikipedia’s pornographic images : In 2010 Wiki Commons showed illegal depictions of sexual acts involving children. 1. Its highlights the importance of Wikipedia : The day highlights the importance of Wikipedia, how it helps people, and why it is so famous throughout the world. 2. It also highlights its issues : The day also looks at the issues of the site. Since the pages can be edited by users, they are not considered reliable sources in the world of academia. 3. It promotes ideation : The day serves the purpose of encouraging people to come up with unique website ideas of their own. Anything we once considered odd, can make it big if presented correctly.
Sometimes there's nothing better than sitting back and tucking into a tub of your favourite ice cream - especially at the end of a hot summer's day. But it turns out the sweet treat could pose a serious threat to your health, if you don't take certain precautions. Yes, really. The sweet treat can actually make you quite ill ( Getty Images/StockFood) Bashir told that around one million people are affected by food-borne diseases in the UK every year. Ice cream has been linked to Listeria poisoning ( Getty Images/Collection Mix: Subjects RM) She went on to reveal that the most common mistake people make with ice cream at home is refreezing a tub that has already started to melt. "Ice cream can also pose a danger after purchase if it has melted and then been refrozen," the expert continued. Video Loading But that's not all. Another mistake people make with their ice cream is to double dip their spoon. As well as being inconsiderate to other people in your house, Bashir says a dirty spoon is also "an invitation to every nasty bug nearby". Those who opt to try making their own ice cream can also be caught out by some of the ingredients. Don't use raw egg if making homemade ice cream ( Monkey Business) Many online recipes call for raw eggs to be used in the base - which could lead you to suffer with Salmonella poisoning. Commercially manufactured ice cream is often made using pasteurised eggs, so Amreen recommends making ice cream with pasteurised milk and cream and omitting egg to stay on the safe side. However ice cream isn't the only frozen food to have been linked to listeria outbreaks. This time last year more than 50 frozen products were recalled by supermarkets such as Tesco and Aldi due to nine deaths caused by a fatal outbreak of listeriosis linked to frozen sweetcorn.
New study finds height as possible risk factor for developing varicose veins "Genes that predict a person's height may be at the root of this link between height and varicose veins and may provide clues for treating the condition," said Nicholas Leeper, MD, associate professor of surgery and of cardiovascular medicine at Stanford. 'Shockingly little is known' "The condition is incredibly prevalent but shockingly little is known about the biology," Flores said. "There are no medical therapies that can prevent it or reverse it once it's there." Treatment is mainly limited to surgical procedures, such as laser treatment or vein stripping. "We're hoping that with this new information, we can create new therapies, as our study highlights several genes that may represent new translational targets," she said. Researchers used data from the UK Biobank -- both a long-term study and genetic repository that includes genomic data on about a half-million people -- to look for varicose vein risk factors using machine learning combined with epidemiological methods in 413,519 participants. Further, they screened for genetic markers using genomewide association studies in 337,536 of the participants, 9,577 of whom had varicose vein disease. The study confirmed that currently established risk factors -- including being older, female, overweight or pregnant, or having a history of deep vein thrombosis -- are all associated with varicose veins. "We confirmed that having had deep vein thrombosis in the past puts you at increased risk in the future," Leeper said. "Recent research suggests that the converse appears to be true as well. Having varicose veins puts you at risk of these blood clots." "We were very surprised to find that height came up from our machine-learning analyses," Flores said. Turning the algorithm loose "These methods represent new ways of thinking about research," Ingelsson said. "You go in without a hypothesis about a specific biological mechanism and scan for something new. You could say that you turn the machine loose on it. In this case, we included 2,716 predictors of varicose veins in this machine-learning algorithm. Then we let the algorithms find the strongest predictors of varicose veins." "Our results strongly suggest height is a cause, not just a correlated factor, but an underlying mechanism leading to varicose veins," Ingelsson said. You might also like... × New method reverses insecticide resistance using CRISPR/Cas9 technology
Connect with us Hi, what are you looking for? What is hiding in the Kuiper Belt? The mystery with the New Horizons case What is hiding in the Kuiper Belt? The mystery with the New Horizons case 1 In the spring of 2016, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft reached the farthest and most unexplored place in the solar system – the Kuiper Belt. New Horizons’ additional mission task was to study a Kuiper belt object from the flyby trajectory. At the time of the New Horizons launch, a suitable object had not yet been found, it was intensively searched for during the flight of the spacecraft. Mystery object Having approached the Kuiper Belt, the probe twice recorded the trans-Neptunian “plutino” (15810) 1994 JR1 moving object, which was named (15810) Arawn in January 2017, the first time from a distance of 274 million km, the second “closer” – from 111 million km. Who's Hiding in the Kuiper Belt ... The New Horizons Case Arawn is the name given to the dark ruler of the underworld, the king of Annwn in Welsh mythology. Kuiper Belt Kuiper Belt New Horizons managed to capture the fact that the object is moving at a high speed of 4.713 km/s with a diameter of 145 km. This raises questions – according to calculations, when moving at such a speed, Arawn should have disintegrated long ago if it were an ordinary asteroid or a fragment of some cosmic body, but this does not happen. It was also recorded that Arawn’s glow changes, as if it was “disguised”, suddenly plunged into darkness, as if noticing that it was being watched. Based on the analysis of the transmitted data, scientists came to the conclusion that, unlike most other known bodies located in the Kuiper belt, Arawn is not made of rocks or ice. It is a much more durable substance, because at such a high speed with which it moves, the object remains safe and sound. Unexpected failure Once the probe recorded the strange object, it was discovered that Arawn does not rotate chaotically around its axis, by inertia, but as if adjusting its rotation. As it approached the strange object’s orbit, New Horizons suddenly broke down, ceasing to record and transmit information. The reason for the temporary breakdown still remains unclear, therefore, a variety of versions are being considered. The situation is extremely strange and has raised many questions. Did “someone” observe the movements of terrestrial technology and deliberately turned it off? If so, why did this “someone” interfere with the NASA mission? Unmanned spaceship? Scientists do not exclude the version that Arawn may not just be a natural space body, but an artificial research probe of unearthly origin, especially when you consider the strange things that happened to New Horizons. Advertisement. Scroll to continue reading. It can be unequivocally stated that if this hypothesis is confirmed, and the probe is inhabited, then the creatures living on Arawn do not look like people. For someone who would “get inside” Arawn, the rotation speed of the unidentified object would be simply uncomfortable, although, most likely, it can be an automatic “unmanned” probe and it may not be the only one. There are many different, not yet registered objects in the Kuiper belt. End of the encounter As soon as the “New Horizons” moved away from Arawn, then in a strange way the equipment worked again. Scientists managed to get pictures of this strange space object. This will make it possible to more accurately understand where exactly it is, to clarify its orbit and other data. The main question – the structure of this body, the substance of which it consists – is still a mystery. By researching the earth probe has not fundamentally changed the situation according to the data on the object and answers to many questions have not been received. That is, it may be a sensation, but it may not. Further research will show. You May Also Like The Underworld is the coldest and darkest place in the world. It is a place where souls and dead people live. In Roman stories, Pluto is the boss of the... Bizzare & Odd Three years ago astronomers proposed the existence of a ninth planet in the Solar System. The planet is supposed to orbit further out than... Image Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI New Horizons has made history once again. NASA’s long-lived space probe has managed to pull off the most distant flyby of... A NASA Pluto probe may end up with one final mission after its work exploring the outer solar system is done — carrying a message... Have we discovered all the planets in our solar system or could there still be more out there to find ? While the hunt...
Lessons in Nature Stewardship from Thailand’s Ethnic Groups Benjamin Rujopakarn Lessons in Nature Stewardship from Thailand’s Ethnic Groups Ethnic groups are considered some of the best stewards of nature, and there is much we can learn from them about ways to live harmoniously with nature and each other. Together with local communities, ethnic groups informally hold as much as 65% of the world’s land, and it’s no coincidence that most of these places overlap with natural habitats and biodiversity hotspots.There are estimated to be around five million people belonging to ethnic minority groups in Thailand, each with their own unique cultures and customs. This article explores Thailand’s largest ethnic groups, their way of life, their worldview, and what they can teach us about sustainability and conservation. Lessons in Nature Stewardship from Thailand’s Ethnic Peoples • Ethnic groups in Thailand • The Karen • The Hmong • The Moken • Sustainable practices & livelihoods • Compatible cultures & beliefs • Protecting ethnic rights Ethnic groups in Thailand Though their way of life grows more and more dominated by modern cities and industrial expansion, many ethnic groups still keep to their traditional lifestyles in their ancestral homelands, both with and without iThough their way of life grows more and more dominated by modern cities and industrial expansion, many ethnic groups still keep to their traditional lifestyles in their ancestral homelands, both with and without influence from modern societies. They are primarily scattered across 20 provinces in the northern and western parts of the country, including Chiang Mai and Kanchanaburi, mostly in forests but also by coastlines and on the sea. The Karen A Karen woman wearing traditional brass neck rings in a hill tribe village near Chiang Rai. Source: Shutterstock.com The Karen are the largest ethnic group in Thailand, with an estimated population of around one million. Originally, they lived in eastern Tibet and China, but after being invaded, they migrated to live along the Mekong and Salween River. There too, however, they faced oppression and even slavery under the rule of Burma, Siam, and British colonization. Eventually, they migrated from Myanmar and are now widely spread out across 16 different provinces in western and northern Thailand, which contain large areas of mountainous and dense forest. While they are best known for the neck rings worn by Karen women, that only represents one of the many tribes which compose their diverse community. The Hmong Hmong girls wearing their traditional clothes during the Hmong New Year celebration in KM 52 Village. Source: Yangxiong / Shutterstock.com The Hmong originally migrated from southern China into what is now Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand, with some having migrated further to the United States. In Thailand, they make their homes in the mountainous North. They are highly distinguishable by their traditional clothing, which often display colorful, sophisticated patterns as art pieces unto themselves. The Moken Moken anglers hauling a boat ashore at Ko Lao Village, Ranong Province, Thailand. Soure: superoke / Shutterstock.com One with the ocean, the Moken people, or “people immersed in water,” have never placed their roots in a single region. Sometimes glossed over as “gypsies of the sea,” they are a nomadic seafaring tribe who once traversed the Andaman Sea, living on wooden kabang boats and diving to fish for food and sometimes trade. However, since the horrific tsunami hit Thailand in 2004, they’ve been forced onto land—primarily residing in the South—and are now limited in their mobility and traditional way of life. Sustainable practices & livelihoods Without modern technology, ethnic groups have been able to utilize and manage natural resources with methods that are scientifically proven to be more sustainable and more effective than many “modern” practices. While each village has their own unique principles and practices, we will explore some useful examples relevant to our changing climate and society, drawing upon the Hmong, Karen, and Moken. These examples are by no means representative of the entire spectrum of ethnic lifestyles and cultures. Moken village at Koh Surin Marine National Park. Source: Catchiangmai / Shutterstock.com Architecture – From pillars and walls to the floorboards and stilts, bamboo is used for almost every part of the house and can keep its residents cool during summers and warm during mild winters. Bamboo has been shown to produce 35% more oxygen than trees and absorb up to 12 tons more CO² per hectare each year. Many ethnic minority groups use this strong, versatile, and fast-growing plant to craft various household items like flasks, baskets, and canes. A Hmong woman sewing colorful traditional clothes. Source: SL-Photography / Shutterstock.com Clothing – Traditional Hmong clothing is renowned for its needlework, weaving complex patterns into their vibrant batik fabric. This is created by using beeswax to draw the designs onto textiles typically made from hemp, one of the most durable natural fibers and a natural pest deterrent, requiring 50% less water and land than cotton. Then they use natural dyes, such as by extracting colors from the leaves of a true indigo tree and fermenting it in rice wine. Pigs being reared under the stilt homes of the Karen villagers. Source: Denny George / Shutterstock.com Animal husbandry – In most ethnic villages, it is common to live among various other animals, from dogs, cats, and chickens to pigs, cattle, and buffalo. Not all the animals are raised for their meat or labor. While buffalo are used to sow fields, they’re also seen as valued companions. Rotational farming – In rotational farming—different from crop rotation, which involves growing various crops across different seasons on the same land—villagers spend a season farming a single plot and then leave it for several years to recover before returning to farm it again. This practice is often negatively misunderstood as shifting cultivation, in which farmers degrade the land and constantly abandon it to move and farm on more fertile plots. Rotational farming is essential to the Karen, who treasure their forests highly, as this method allows the soil to regenerate and for trees to regrow, often even denser than before. This practice is also performed in tandem with intercropping, which forms a mini ecosystem where a variety of vegetables are grown together to benefit one another. These symbiotic relationships not only help increase crop succession and reduce the risk of a disease wiping out entire crops, but also maintain biodiversity and soil nutrients over time. Karen farmers walking among their paddy rice terraces in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Source: Tavarius / Shutterstock.com Terrace farming – Living on high mountains, tribes like the Hmong have learned to farm on steep inclines by cutting the slopes into a series of steps to cultivate rice. This enables rainwater or water diverted from streams to follow gravity and provide irrigation without the use of piping systems and pumps, while also reducing erosion and runoff. A Moken fisherman freediving with a traditional three-pronged spear. Source: Logunov Maxim / Shutterstock.com Freedive fishing – For thousands of years, the Moken have mastered the technique of freediving, swimming to depths without the use of oxygen tanks and catching seafood. With a single breath, it is common for them to dive more than 20 meters with ease. In fact, it is normal for them to learn to swim before they can even walk. Unlike today’s intensive fisheries, the Moken traditionally use spears and, more recently, small-scale nets to catch fish. This way, they take only as much as they need for their subsistence, leaving minimal impact on ocean habitats and allowing marine animals to continue spawning. Compatible cultures & beliefs Although not necessarily unique to Thailand, ethnic groups have distinctive cultures that offer insights into their profound connection and affinity with nature. When we understand the shape of a culture, we understand its values and how those values translate into individual actions, broader lifestyles, and timeless traditions. Animism – The Hmong respect the various spiritual entities they believe give them protection—nature spirits, house spirits, human souls, and more—along with the omens and sacred rituals which revolve around them. Similarly, the Karen have beliefs which set rules of good and bad in their communities, such as that sharing rice harvests with others will bring merit, while cutting an ordained tree can cause illness to the whole village. When a baby is born, fathers will bring their umbilical cords to a special tree, so the tree can become guardian to their child. The Moken, too, are animistic and listen for cues from ancestor spirits who guide them through the ocean or warn them about dangers on the sea. These value systems govern ethnic peoples to live in harmony with nature and each other. Storytelling – Ethnic peoples pass down wisdom through narratives of interactions between humans, animals, and spirits, conveying their morals in the form of oral storytelling, poetry, and song. One Karen fable tells of a wealthy merchant who tried to calm his crying son by having him drink water soaked in money. However, he was only able to console the boy by giving him water soaked in rice. The story is often taken as a message about the importance of this grain over monetary possessions and encourages listeners to think about what truly matters in life. Nature readings – In 2004, the Moken tribe were the first to warn others of the coming tsunami—known to them as laboon, sent by ancestral spirits to clear away evil entities—that was about to devastate southern Thailand. Seeing signs—a strangely calm and windless ocean, deep sea fish appearing on the surface, and hermit crabs moving inland—they foresaw the disaster with their ethnic knowledge and oral tradition. They managed to escape, evacuate their surrounding community to higher ground, and rescue survivors in the water. Protecting ethnic rights A Karen family wearing traditional brass neck rings. Source: Wallenrock / Shutterstock.com Over recent decades, ethnic groups in Thailand and around the world face growing threats to their traditional way of life from industrial expansion, human rights abuses, and climate change. Disappearing with them are their invaluable ingenuity, wisdom, and culture. Accumulated over hundreds and thousands of years, this wealth of past and evolving knowledge can provide us with lessons on how to progress toward a better future in which humans and nature can co-exist and thrive alongside one another. Whether it’s in being resourceful and respectful of nature or valuing generosity and compassion as a community, there’s much that urban dwellers can learn from ethnic groups and local communities. To head toward truly sustainable and equitable development, it’s important to recognize the value and contributions of ethnic groups, protect their rights, and preserve their rich culture, so they can continue to flourish and safeguard natural resources and environments that we all depend upon. To this end, the Thai government has made several legislative and policy changes to address civil rights problems surrounding ethnic groups and stateless persons in Thailand, including drafting the Protection and Promotion of Ethnic Groups Act to guarantee that ethnic groups enjoy equal rights without discrimination; implementing the Plan to Promote Coexistence under a Multicultural Society in Thailand 2018-2021 to promote coexistence in a multicultural society; and amending the Registration of Residential Inhabitant Act and Civil Registration Act to provide pathways to citizenship for the children of foreign or stateless inhabitants. Benjamin Rujopakarn Ben has worn several hats in broadcast television and radio news programs, culminating in his role as Senior Copywriter at Bangkok-based digital marketing agency PAPER & PAGE (Thailand) Co., Ltd. and Editor-in-Chief of Thailand NOW. Though he has extensive experience in media communications, Ben holds degrees in marine science and molecular biology from UNSW and UT Dallas, respectively. Related Posts
The Correct Time of the Birth of Yahshua Christ The reason why the birthdate of Jesus Christ could not have taken place in December because it is too cold for sheep to be outside. So the shepherds were not tending their sheep in the fields Why sheep are not outside in the winter time, it is because the animal cannot withstand cold and rainy weather for it causes hoof rot; this is for goats as well. The Bible supports this fact that Jesus Christ is not born on December 25th The correct time of birth of Jesus Christ is around the 15th of September (take or give a few days) according to our calendar the year 3 BC; the Hebrew calendar in the year 3758/3759. 1Chronicles 24:7-19 describes the division of the lot to serve as priest in the Temple The time frame that Zachariah served in the temple was: The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah. (verse 10) According to the following bible verses the month Abib is the first month of the year: Our month of April: • Exodus 13:4 This day came ye out in the month Abib. The Ahijah classes of Zachariah ended the eighth week of the year (our month of June) not counting the Passover weekend Luke 1:1-25. After nine weeks Zachariah returned home to his wife Elizabeth and she conceived mid-June their son, who was the cousin of Jesus Christ. Approximately mid-March the year following John the Baptist was born. When Mary was three months pregnant, she visited Elizabeth. Six months later of that same year, Jesus Christ was born. Christmas has nothing to do with birth of the Lord Jesus Christ. That’s what the world and its evil spirits want us to believe. It is a pagan 12-day celebration of sun worship and winter solstice. The axial tilt of the earth is the furthest away from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere corresponds with the first day of winter. A Christmas tree/wreath and all other Christmas decorations originate from these pagan religions and cults. Jeremiah 10:2-4 “Thus saith the LORD, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them. 3/ For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe. 4/ They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it with nails and with hammers, that it move not.” Oh, and by the way, as the English modern translations claim that Mary and Joseph were the parents of the Lord Jesus or Joseph His father is denying that Jesus Christ was fully God and fully man. Joseph was the husband of Mary and, humanly speaking, the guardian of the Lord Jesus Christ. Big difference. However Joseph also was from the lineage of David. The Heathen, Satanic Origins of Christmas (Christ’s Mass)
Surviving EMP threats: The prepper’s guide to modern EMP protection The threat of an EMP (electromagnetic pulse) attack is always looming, which is why having an EMP protection plan is important. Electronics would be damaged by an EMP in two ways: direct EMP radiation from E1 and E2 pulses and voltage surge from an E3 pulse. E1 and E2 pulses would send massive amounts of electrical energy into the atmosphere, where it would be attracted to anything metal. This would then enter electronics and burn out their circuitry. Wireless devices are less likely to be damaged because wires could act as an antenna and capture that electric energy. The third pulse, E3, would affect the electromagnetic field of the earth, which would cause a massive voltage surge in power lines. Any plugged electronic device would receive this surge, blowing through any surge protectors you might have and overloading the device’s electronics. Fortunately, there are ways to protect your devices from an EMP attack. Here are some of them: • EMP protective phone case – Some companies are now producing EMP protective phone cases. These cases are a portable Faraday cage that could shield your device against electromagnetic waves, including electricity. The downside is that they could cut down your signal because of the shielding. You may miss some calls, especially if you don’t have a strong signal. This is why it is important to use one that fits your phone well to avoid covering too much of your antenna. • EMP computer cases – Buying an EMP protective cover for your laptop would be advantageous. It’s worth noting that these cases would only protect your laptop if it is closed and not in use. Otherwise, it’s useless. • Bluetooth – Bluetooth devices don’t have electrical connections attached to them that bring the E1 and E2 pulses. For this reason, they are naturally protected from EMP. They also won’t receive the voltage surge caused by the E3. If they are plugged in to recharge, the E3 pulse would not reach the Bluetooth device as it would destroy the charger first. • Solar panels – Solar panels are naturally resistant to EMP, because they are designed with a buffer to account for inefficiencies and overcast days. The EMP would only cause minor damage to them, reducing their output by five percent. However, you might have a problem with using the power coming from the solar panels. The power from solar panels normally flows through a solar charge controller, then on to charge a battery back up system. Then, the power could be drawn out of the batteries directly or run through a voltage inverter. However, the solar charge controller and voltage inverter would be destroyed by the EMP. It’s good to have a spare solar charge controller and voltage inverter or store them in a Faraday case. If you don’t have a Faraday case, keep them in any metal enclosure, such as a metal toolbox or the trunk of your car. Why should you protect your electronics from EMP? There are two main reasons why you should protect your devices from EMP. For one, having the ability to communicate through radio and generate power would be useful and would give you a huge tactical advantage to survive in a powerless world. Second, you could store massive amounts of information in digital format. (Related: Are you prepared for an EMP attack? Stock up on these items that will continue to work after one.) by Melissa Smith Best Survival Books: LESSONS OF YESTERDAY-American Recipes from the Old-American Frontier BLACKOUT USA-EMP survival and preparedness guide BULLET PROOF HOME-A Prepper’s Guide in Safeguarding a Home SURVIVAL MD-Learn how to survive without medication in any crisis ALIVE AFTER THE FALL-Advice on handling crisis situations STOCKPILE CHALLENGE-The secret to a 1-year food stockpile Leave a Reply
On 12-14 August 2020, R.O.L.E. Foundation visited Bondalem Village to conduct a short version of ZeroWaste Training as part of the Bondalem Project. Four staff members were trained at Bondalem Village’s Integrated Waste Management Site (Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu 3R). The training On the first day four modules were explained. Health and Safety, which is education about the importance of safety in the work area. Mixed waste and Food waste are about separating mixed waste on sorting tables into two categories only: organic and non-organic. This was different from their previous way of working, where they were separating the waste into organics, plastic, and residue (to landfill). On the second day the training was focusing on Types of plastic and Other waste modules. The non-organics that were separated on the first day were divided into four categories of soft plastics: clean and clear plastics (to be sold), colored plastics (to be melted), laminated plastics (to be kept), and non-recyclable that will go to the landfill. The hard plastics were separated into two categories: PET (type 1) and PP (type 5). On the third day, the focus was on Glass and Sustainability (Circular economy and Climate change) with demonstrations of how to clean the glass bottles in the washing tables, how to operate the glass crusher, and how to store the glass that needs to be sent back to the factory. Also, knowledge was shared about storing glass bottles that need to be crushed, and the crushed glass itself. The waste stream A record was kept of the amount of waste. In three days of training we processed a total of 400 kilograms of waste. From this amount, we only sent 27 kilograms or 7% of the total waste to the landfill. Furthermore, we separated 44 kilograms of plastics for recycling/up-cycling or 11% of the total waste. The biggest amount of waste collected consisted of organics like leaves and grass, about 329 kilograms or 82% of the total waste. This is interesting, because on average around 70% of the waste in Indonesia usually consists of organic material, so this number is still considered high. R.O.L.E. Foundation has suggested to upcycle the organic waste into composting in the near future, which adds up to the up-cycling of plastic and glass. What’s next? This short ZeroWaste Training in the Bondalem waste site proves that it is possible to minimize the amount of waste we send to landfills by separating the waste more adequate. We are making plans for another training session, focusing on organic waste. We have also started to redesign the workflow and work station in the Bondalem waste site, so the work can be done more efficiently. Wait for the next update for Bondalem Project!
The Flight of Lot ... Bob Moore Abraham's nephew was Lot, whom Abraham adopted upon the death of his brother, Haran. Tradition says that both Abraham and Haran were thrown into a fire for preaching the true religion in Ur. God rescued Abraham, but Haran died. God continued to blessed Abraham for his faithfulness by giving him the land of Canaan. He said, "Unto thy seed will I give this land" (Genesis 12:7). Because at that time Abraham had no children of his own, his wife being both barren and old, he must have considered that the Lord's promise would be fulfilled through Lot who came to Canaan with him. Eventually, strife developed between the households of Abraham and Lot, so the two separated. Lot chose to live in the plains of the Jordan river, which in those days were very fertile. Abraham settled to the west. Among the five cities toward which Lot went were Sodom and Gomorrah. Their abandonment of the true religion, coupled with their affluence, had increased their disdain for decency and morality. Their sin was so grievous that God determined to destroy both cities. Before doing so, He sent two angels to warn Lot and his family to flee the approaching calamity. The men of Sodom were attracted to the angels and wanted them as sexual partners. When they threatened to break into Lot's house and take his guests, the angels smote them with blindness. Perhaps that event convinced Lot and his family that they had no business living among such wicked people. The next morning he fled with his wife and two daughters. His two sons-in-law remained behind. Once they had left, God rained fire and brimstone on Sodom and Gomorrah. Lot's wife disobeyed the commandment and turned to look on the city she had just left. When she did she was turned into a pillar of salt. This pillar was still standing 2000 years later when the historian, Josephus, wrote of it. Through Isaiah, God promised to destroy Babylon the same way he destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. He said, "Babylon, the glory of the kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation" (Isaiah 13:19-20). Babylon was built near the tower of Babel by Belus, son of Semiramis, Nimrod's wife. Nimrod and his father, Cush, had built the great tower as a temple in which they could worship demons. After his execution Semiramis claimed that her dead husband, whom she had made into a god, had returned and impregnated her with his son. Belus was later crowned king of his father's kingdom by Cush. Belus never regained his father's ten-provinced kingdom, but Babylon soon became the unofficial seat of the false religion and gradually developed into a world power. Eventually, it captured Jerusalem and carried the Jews there into captivity. From the days of the Babylonian captivity until 1948 the Jews have never enjoyed their own independent sovereign state. While Babylon was conquered by Cyrus, king of the Medes, seventy years after the Jewish exile, it continued to be inhabited. Today Sadam Hussain, king of Iraq, is busy rebuilding the ancient city. These facts mean that the prophecy of Isaiah about the destruction of Babylon is still a future event. Someday it will be destroyed in the same way Sodom and Gomorrah were. Fire and brimstone will consume it. Its destruction is often predicted in the Bible. Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon who conquered the Jews, had a disturbing dream which he could neither remember nor interpret. None of his advisers could tell him about it. Only Daniel, a Jewish prophet, could reveal the dream and its meaning. He said Nebuchadnezzar had seen a statue with a head of gold, a chest of silver, a torso of brass, legs of iron, and feet of clay mixed with iron. He revealed that the head of this statue represented Babylon by saying, "Thou art this head of gold" (Dan 2:38). Since Persia conquered Babylon, Greece subdued Persia, and Rome replaced Greece, each of these kingdoms in turn subjecting the Jews, they were the kingdoms represented by the silver, brass, and iron in Nebuchadnezzar's dream. Rome, like the legs of the statue, was divided into two parts. The western part continued as the Roman empire, disintegrating under repeated barbarian invasions between 400 and 570 AD, but the eastern part, which became the Byzantine empire, remained until 1452. From the rubble of the Roman empire ten kingdoms are predicted to rise. Daniel concludes, "In the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever" (Daniel 2:44). Eventually, all the successors to Babylon will be destroyed and only the kingdom God will be left on earth. Since the kingdoms represented by the statue in Nebuchadnezzar's vision all descended :from Babylon, they will inherit the judgment pronounced against their head. John the Revelator described the fall of Babylon as a future event. Since the apostle lived during the Roman empire, we must conclude that his prophecy refers to the destruction of all the successors of Babylon. The promise Isaiah made that Babylon would never again be inhabited predicts the destruction of Babylon and its successors. Daniel said that God would set up His kingdom and destroy the statue in the days of the ten kingdoms. Afterwards, His kingdom would fill the earth. It is the destruction of Babylon and its successors to which Isaiah refers when he prophesies that it will never be inhabited again. The fall of Babylon remains a future event. Today the pagan practices and philosophies first advanced in ancient Babylon are rapidly spreading through out the world. The names of false gods are being resurrected and revered. Satanic teachings and rituals are being advanced. As the false religion grows, immorality and even perversion increase. The affluent in our nation now finance unique ways to pursue pleasure. Adultery, thievery, and murder abound. Christian restraints are ignored. Homosexuals, like the men of Sodom, not only demand :freedom to enjoy their perversion, but want to corrupt sacred things. At the same time, the liberty guaranteed in America, especially for religious expression, is evaporating. Christianity seems to be neither cherished nor protected by government. Instead, it is mocked and attacked. Entertainment is increasingly hostile to Christian and family values. Public schools not only refuse to foster religious devotion but systematically teach humanistic doctrine and attitudes. The government has recommended eliminating becoming more meaningful to all religious expression from the work place. The apostle's admonition is becoming more meaningful to believers. He said, "Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate" (2 Corinthians 6: 14,17). The paganization of American society is forcing devout people to separate themselves from it. John the Revelator prophesied that just before the destruction of Babylon, God would invite His people to come out from that wicked society. He said, "Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues" (Rev 18:4). Jesus revealed that angels would help in gathering the righteous out from among the wicked. He said, "And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other" (Matthew 24:31). Just as God sent angels to bring Lot out from Sodom before He destroyed that city, He will send forth heavenly messengers to gather his people out from latter-day Babylon before he destroys it. Jesus explained the connection when he said, "Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot: they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; but the same day that Lot went out from Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all" (Luke 17 :28-29). God will not let the wicked destroy the righteous. Those conspiring to tyrannize His people will be consumed. He will gather out the faithful and burn the oppressors. Jesus said, "The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire" (Mat 13 :49-50). The righteous do not need to fear. God will save them as He did Lot. He will preserve His people and establish them in the peaceful kingdom He will set up on the earth.
Analysis: A number of the relationships described in this chapter are structured as a relation between a caretaker and a cared-for: that between Caroline's father and Caroline; Victor's father and Caroline; the Frankensteins and Elizabeth; and between Victor and Elizabeth, to name a few. Now that he has reached Archangel in March, Robert Walton finds himself lonesome. The next morning, they encounter As you read, you'll be linked to summaries and detailed analysis of quotes and themes. Frankenstein, by English author Mary Shelley, tells the story of a monster created by a scientist and explores themes of life, death, and man versus nature.Read the overview below to gain an understanding of the work and explore the previews of analysis and … of which this work is the only completed product. clear as the novel progresses, suggests that the two may not be Frankenstein Full Text: Preface Page 2 Summary. “love for the marvellous, a belief in the marvellous,” which pushes Most scholars prefer the 1818 version, but most mass market publishers still use the 1831 version. Summary This Preface was written by Percy Bysshe Shelley for the 1818 edition. of human nature.” The works of Homer, Shakespeare, and Milton are Darwin” in the first Read Shmoop's Analysis of Preface. The subtitle introduces the perspective of the creator, referring to the Greek god Prometheus, who created humanity. to be. Victor is the oldest son of Alphonse and Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein. Learn frankenstein preface letters with free interactive flashcards. All but one of the dogs Our, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. Analysis. The event on which this fiction is founded has been supposed, by Dr. Darwin, and some of the physiological writers of Germany, as not of impossible occurrence. “Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. We are introduced to Robert Walton, a 28-year-old sea captain who is embarking on a journey to the North Pole region in order to find a passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic. introduces the idea of loss and loneliness, as Walton complains that The first mention of loneliness is made in the book by captain Walton as he recalls to a family member what it feels like to be exploring through a vacant landscape. FRANKENSTEIN by Mary Shelley - FULL AudioBook GreatestAudioBooks \| Horror Suspense Thriller - Duration: 8:01:37. The preface to Frankenstein sets up the It states that the novel was begun during a summer He shows himself a Romantic, with his Teachers and parents! foot on undiscovered territory. as different as they seem. his men from burdening the stranger with questions. the explorer Robert Walton to his sister, Margaret Saville. Choose from 500 different sets of frankenstein preface letters flashcards on Quizlet. He has talked about making this expedition for six years: it has been a favorite dream of his, and he is pleased that he finally has a chance to make good on his promise to himself. This parallel between Five writers gathered in Switzerland during the summer of 1816: Mary Shelley, her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, Claire Clairmont, and John William Polidori, Byron's friend and physician. Frankenstein. nursed by the crew, before he can speak. The statement that the novel is meant to provide a positive image of "domestic affection" indicates that family will be a major theme. stranger’s narrative, Walton’s letters introduce an important character—Walton first letter, he tells his sister of the preparations leading up I shall not be supposed as according the remotest degree of serious faith to such an imagination; yet, in assuming it as the basis of a work of fancy, I … desire for a friend and mate later in the novel. her literary companions to engage in a ghost story writing contest, Summary Of The Preface Of Frankenstein. Preface, Letter 6. of a ship headed on a dangerous voyage to the North Pole. The preface to Frankenstein sets up the novel as entertainment, but with a serious twist—a science fiction that nonetheless captures “the truth of the elementary principles of human nature.” The works of Homer, Shakespeare, and Milton are held up as shining examples of the kind of work Frankenstein aspires to be. 789 Words 4 Pages. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. The origin of the novel as a ghost story places it squarely within the Gothic genre. 2. Victor's childhood is a good one. The Preface Robert Walton, the captain of a ship bound for the North Pole, writes a letter to his sister, Margaret Saville, in which he says that his crew members recently discovered a man adrift at sea. In the brief The prefatory matter of Frankenstein, which includes the subtitle, epigraph, and dedication, as well as Percy's anonymous 1818 preface and Mary's introduction to the 1831 edition, provide insight into the text and its themes. Other dreams, such as becoming a poet or a playwright, have not worked out. revealing the source of the Earth’s magnetism, or simply setting but commonly supposed to have been written by her husband, Percy One rainy night, Shelley and her friends challenged each other to write ghost stories. Learn frankenstein chapter 1 letters preface with free interactive flashcards. He works steadily to ready a ship and crew but yearns for someone like himself to pass the time. Frankenstein. Get the entire Frankenstein LitChart as a printable PDF. The author of Frankenstein, Percy Shelley adds, like all great writers, tries to depict human nature accurately. The 1818 and 1831 editions have some pretty significant differences—not so much in plot, but in style, characterization, and the role of fate. However, scholars and critics generally believe that her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley, was the one who actually created the preface and attached Mary's name to it. sentence is not to the famous evolutionist Charles Darwin, who was in his shipmates and too uneducated to find a sensitive soul with At the time of the novel’s … Walton turns to sensitive ear to listen to his dreams and ambitions. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!”, “This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. drawing the sledge is dead, and the man on the sledge—not the man Frankenstein and the Scientific Revolution. Frankenstein follows Victor Frankenstein 's triumph as he reanimates a dead body, and then his guilt for creating such a thing. He writes the letters to his sister, Mrs. Saville, in London, England. At the end of the fourth letter, of eternal light? 1. Read the full text of Preface of Frankenstein on Shmoop. When the " Frankenstein monster " realizes how he came to be and is rejected by mankind, he seeks revenge on his creator's family to avenge his own sorrow. The novel itself begins with a series of letters from LitCharts Teacher Editions. Learn frankenstein 5 preface with free interactive flashcards. As time passes, One rainy night, Shelley and her friends challenged each other to write ghost stories. Mary Shelley’s husband Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote this preface under the pseudonym “Marlow” to give the story a more factual basis. Victor Frankenstein. Introduction to the 1831 Edition. and that he has full confidence that he will achieve his aim. Mary Shelley described her work on Frankenstein : At first I thought but of a few pages – of a short tale; but Shelley urged me to develope the idea at greater length. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." He feels lonely and isolated, too sophisticated to find comfort (including. Walton and the stranger become friends, and the stranger eventually Captain Robert Walton of England is on an expedition to the North Pole.He writes a series of letters to his sister, Margaret, to pass the time and, you know, keep in touch. Instant downloads of all 1388 LitChart PDFs Summary Read a Plot Overview of the entire book or a chapter by chapter Summary and Analysis. consents to tell Walton his story. The second letter and his attempt to find it in the stranger, parallels the monster’s Choose from 500 different sets of frankenstein chapter 1 letters preface flashcards on Quizlet. Writing letters to his sister eases the loneliness somewhat, but he desires friendship. But I have one want which I have never yet been able to satisfy; and the … BACK. seen the night before—is emaciated, weak, and starving. Walton has some goals: see new places, "tread a land never before imprinted by the foot of man" (Letter 1.1), boldly go where no man has gone before, that sort of thing. Shelley spent the summer of 1816 near Geneva, Switzerland, where much of the novel takes place. In her preface to the 1831 edition of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley returned to the issue of the 1818 preface. Struggling with distance learning? Frankenstein study guide contains a biography of Mary Shelley, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. creature about half a mile away. another sledge stranded on an ice floe. vacation in the Swiss Alps, when unseasonably rainy weather and Frankenstein opens with a preface, signed by Mary Shelley Choose from 500 different sets of frankenstein 5 preface flashcards on Quizlet. the stranger as the friend he has always wanted; his search for companionship, The creator of the monster, Victor spends most of the novel trying to defeat the monster. Frankenstein Quotes: Preface & Letters 1-4 \| SparkNotes. I saw the pale student of unhallowed him that it is heading north. These are my enticements, and they are sufficient to conquer all fear of danger or death, and to induce me to commence this laborious voyage with the joy a child feels when he embarks in a little boat, with his holiday mates, on an expedition of discovery up his native river. PREFACE / The event on which this fiction is founded has been supposed, by Dr. Darwin, and some of the physiological writers of Germany, as not of impossible occurrence. Walton states that the visitor will commence his narrative the next curiosity, but Walton, aware of the man’s still-fragile state, prevents Summary & Analysis; Preface and Letters 1–4; Chapters 1–2; Chapters 3–5; Chapters 6–8; Chapters 9–10; Chapters 11–12; Chapters 13–14; Chapters 15–17; Chapters 18–20; Chapters 21–23; Chapter 24 & Walton, in Continuation; Video Plot Summary Mary Shelley first published Frankenstein in 1818. The Frankenstein authorship question refers to the historical uncertainty that exists around Percy Bysshe Shelley's contributions to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, a novel attributed to Shelley's wife, Mary Shelley.. Frankenstein Full Text: Preface : Page 1. The Preface explains the origin of the novel. The man, Victor Frankenstein, offered to tell Walton his story. Darwin” in the first sentence is not to the famous … Incidentally, the reference to “Dr. The Preface also reveals Shelley's aim in writing the novel: to present a flattering depiction of "domestic … The stranger tells Walton, “You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been.”. Summary and Analysis. In the fourth letter, the ship stalls between huge sheets Frankenstein was the only one of the stories to be completed. What may not be expected in a country held up as shining examples of the kind of work Frankenstein aspires fiction that nonetheless captures “the truth of the elementary principles The preface indicates that the novel was started while on vacation in the Swiss Alps during the summer. Despite I shall The preface to Frankenstein is written as letters sent home from a captain aboard a ship. Greatest AudioBooks 595,745 views 8:01:37 Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. NEXT. Frankenstein (1818) was her first and by far her most successful work of fiction. In the The novel begins with a preface that is signed by the author. The crew is burning with Character Analysis. Incidentally, the reference to “Dr. to his departure and of the desire burning in him to accomplish In this way, Shelley suggests that human connection and, to state the case rather more plainly, love itself is dependent upon one's willingness to care for another person particularly if that other person is defenseless, or innocent… My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.”. the biologist Erasmus Darwin. of ice, and Walton and his men spot a sledge guided by a gigantic man and monster, still hidden in these early letters but increasingly The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. His doting parents lavish him with attention. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Preface to the 1817 Edition Summary and Analysis Preface to the 1817 Edition Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote the Preface to Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein in September 1817. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Another theme that Walton’s letters introduce is the danger of knowledge. In addition to setting the scene for the telling of the him along the perilous, lonely pathway he has chosen. In the second letter, Walton bemoans his lack of friends. he has no friends with whom to share his triumphs and failures, no a well-to-do Englishman with a passion for seafaring, is the captain “some great purpose”—discovering a northern passage to the Pacific, The stranger spends two days recovering, The Preface explains the origin of the novel. When she republished it in 1831, she revised it (a lot) and wrote this nifty preface. seven years old at the time the novel was written, but to his grandfather, Therefore, thi… Speaking as though he was the author, he says that developments in science mean the creation of artificial life may become feasible. Frankenstein is a novel by Mary Shelley that was first published in 1818. The theme of destructive knowledge is developed throughout the novel as the tragic consequences of the stranger’s obsessive … nights spent reading German ghost stories inspired the author and day; Walton’s framing narrative ends and the stranger’s begins. Shelley spent the summer of 1816 near Geneva, Switzerland, where much of the novel takes place. Walton, whom to share his dreams. his condition, the man refuses to board the ship until Walton tells Bysshe Shelley. It immediately alludes to a "Dr. (Erasmus) Darwin," which gives some medical and scientific credence to the novel that it … arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. novel as entertainment, but with a serious twist—a science third letter, Walton tells his sister that his ship has set sail Mary's publishers have asked her to tell about how her novel came to be written. himself—whose story parallels Frankenstein’s.
In the law of the United States, diversity jurisdiction is a form of subject-matter jurisdiction in civil procedure in which a United States district court in the federal judiciary has the power to hear a civil case when the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 and where the persons that are parties are "diverse" in citizenship or state of incorporation (for corporations being legal persons), which generally indicates that they differ in state and/or nationality. Diversity jurisdiction and federal-question jurisdiction (jurisdiction over issues arising under federal law) constitute the two primary categories of subject matter jurisdiction in U.S. federal courts. The United States Constitution, in Article III, Section 2, grants Congress the power to permit federal courts to hear diversity cases through legislation authorizing such jurisdiction. The provision was included because the Framers of the Constitution were concerned that when a case is filed in one state, and it involves parties from that state and another state, the state court might be biased toward the party from that state. Congress first exercised that power and granted federal trial circuit courts diversity jurisdiction in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Diversity jurisdiction is currently codified at . In 1969, the American Law Institute explained in a 587-page analysis of the subject that diversity is the "most controversial" type of federal jurisdiction, because it "lays bare fundamental issues regarding the nature and operation of our federal union". Diversity of parties Mostly, in order for diversity jurisdiction to apply, complete diversity is required, where none of the plaintiffs can be from the same state as any of the defendants. A corporation is treated as a citizen of the state in which it is incorporated ''and'' the state in which its principal place of business is located. A partnership or limited liability company is considered to have the citizenship of all of its constituent partners/members. Thus, an LLC or partnership with one member or partner sharing citizenship with an opposing party will destroy diversity of jurisdiction. Cities and towns (incorporated municipalities) are also treated as citizens of the states in which they are located, but states themselves are not considered citizens for the purpose of diversity. U.S. citizens are citizens of the state in which they are domiciled, which is the last state in which they resided and had an intent to remain. Though an alien (foreign national) who has been granted the status of permanent resident status used to be treated as a citizen of the state where the alien is domiciled, legislation proposed in July 2017 would eliminate this language from the code and add language specifically denying diversity jurisdiction in a claim between a citizen of a state and an alien permanent resident. A national bank chartered under the National Bank Act is treated as a citizen of the state in which it is "located." In 2006, the Supreme Court rejected an approach that would have interpreted the term "located" to mean that a national bank is a citizen of every state in which it maintains a branch.''Wachovia Bank, N.A. v. Schmidt'', 546 U.S. 303, 307 (2006). The Supreme Court concluded that “a national bank . . . is a citizen of the State in which its main office, as set forth in its articles of association, is located.” The Supreme Court, however, left open the possibility that a national bank may ''also'' be a citizen of the state in which it has its principal place of business, thus putting it on an equal footing with a state-formed corporation. This remains an open question, with some lower courts holding that a national bank is a citizen of ''only'' the state in which its main office is located, and others holding that a national bank is ''also'' a citizen of the state in which it has its principal place of business. The diversity jurisdiction statute also allows federal courts to hear cases in which: Citizens of a U.S. state are parties on one side of the case, with nonresident alien(s) as adverse parties; Complete diversity exists as to the U.S. parties, and nonresident aliens are additional parties; A foreign state (i.e., country) is the plaintiff, and the defendants are citizens of one or more U.S. states; or Under the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, a class action can usually be brought in a federal court when there is just ''minimal diversity'', such that ''any'' plaintiff is a citizen of a different state from ''any'' defendant. Class actions that do not meet the requirement of the Class Action Fairness Act must have complete diversity between class representatives (those named in the lawsuit) and the defendants. A U.S. citizen who is domiciled outside the U.S. is not considered to be a citizen of any U.S. state, and cannot be considered an alien. The presence of such a person as a party completely destroys diversity jurisdiction, except for a class action or mass action in which minimal diversity exists with respect to other parties in the case. If the case requires the presence of a party who is from the same state as an opposing party, or a party who is a U.S. citizen domiciled outside the country, the case must be dismissed, the absent party being deemed "indispensable". The determination of whether a party is indispensable is made by the court following the guidelines set forth in Rule 19 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Diversity is determined at the time that the action is filed Diversity is determined at the time that the action is filed, and on the basis of the residency of the parties at that time. A change in domicile by a party before or after that date is irrelevant. However, in ''Caterpillar, Inc. v. Lewis'' (1996), the Supreme Court also held that federal jurisdiction predicated on diversity of citizenship can be sustained even if there did not exist complete diversity at the time of removal to federal court, so long as complete diversity exists at the time the district court enters judgment. The court in Caterpillar sustained diversity as an issue of "fairness" and economy, given a lower court's original mistake that allowed removal. Corporate citizenship based on principal place of business Congress never defined exactly what is a "principal place of business." The question of what that phrase meant became hotly disputed during the late 20th century as many areas of the American economy came under the control of large national corporations. Although these corporations usually had a headquarters in one state, the majority of their employees, assets, and revenue were often physically located at retail sites in the states with the largest populations, and hence a circuit split developed in which some judges held that the latter states could ''also'' be treated as the corporation's principal place of business. The rationale was that those states were where the business was actually occurring or being transacted. This issue was finally resolved by a unanimous Supreme Court in ''Hertz Corp. v. Friend'' (2010), which held that a corporation's principal place of business is presumed to be the place of the corporation’s "nerve center" from where its officers conduct the corporation’s important business. Amount in controversy The United States Congress has placed an additional barrier to diversity jurisdiction, the amount in controversy requirement. This is a minimum amount of money which the parties must be contesting is owed to them. Since the enactment of the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1996, 28 U.S.C. §1332(a) has provided that a claim for relief must exceed the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs and without considering counterclaims. In other words, the amount in controversy must be equal to or more than $75,000.01, and (in a case which has been removed from a state court to the federal court) a federal court must remand a case back to state court if the amount in controversy is exactly $75,000.00. A plaintiff may add different claims against the same defendant to meet the amount. Two plaintiffs, however, may not join their claims together to meet the amount, but if one plaintiff meets the amount standing alone, the second plaintiff can piggyback as long as the second plaintiff's claim arises out of the same facts as the main claim. More detailed information may be obtained from the article on federal supplemental jurisdiction. The amount specified has been regularly increased over the past two centuries. Courts will use the legal certainty test to decide whether the dispute is over $75,000. Under this test, the court will accept the pled amount unless it is legally certain that the pleading party cannot recover more than $75,000. For example, if the dispute is solely over the breach of a contract by which the defendant had agreed to pay the plaintiff $10,000, a federal court will dismiss the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, or remand the case to state court if it arrived via removal. In personal injury cases, plaintiffs will sometimes claim amounts "not to exceed $75,000" in their complaint to avoid removal of the case to federal court. If the amount is left unspecified in the ad damnum, as is required by the pleading rules of many states, the defendant may sometimes be able to remove the case to federal court unless the plaintiff's lawyer files a document expressly disclaiming damages in excess of the jurisdictional requirement. Because juries decide what personal injuries are worth, compensation for injuries may exceed $75,000 such that the "legal certainty" test will not bar federal court jurisdiction. Many plaintiffs' lawyers seek to avoid federal courts because of the perception that they are more hostile to plaintiffs than most state courts. Domestic relations and probate exceptions A longstanding judge-made rule holds that federal courts have no jurisdiction over divorce or other domestic relations cases, even if there is diversity of citizenship between the parties and the amount of money in controversy meets the jurisdictional limit. As the Supreme Court has stated, "e whole subject of the domestic relations of husband and wife, parent and child, belongs to the laws of the states, and not to the laws of the United States." The court concluded "that the domestic relations exception ... divests the federal courts of power to issue divorce, alimony, and child custody decrees." In explaining this exception, the high court noted that domestic cases frequently required the issuing court to retain jurisdiction over recurring disputes in interpreting and enforcing those decrees. State courts have developed expertise in dealing with these matters, and the interest of judicial economy required keeping that litigation in the courts most experienced to handle it. However, federal courts are not limited in their ability to hear tort cases arising out of domestic situations by the doctrine. A similar exception has been recognized for probate and decedent's estate litigation, which continues to hold for the primary cases; diversity jurisdiction does not exist to probate wills or administer decedent's estates directly. Diversity jurisdiction is allowed for some litigation that arises under trusts and other estate planning documents, however.''Marshall v. Marshall'', 547 U.S. 293 (2006). Removal and remand If a case is originally filed in a state court, and the requirements for federal jurisdiction are met (diversity and amount in controversy, the case involves a federal question, or a supplemental jurisdiction exists), the defendant (and only the defendant) may remove the case to a federal court. A case cannot be removed to a state court. To remove to a federal court, the defendant must file a ''notice of removal'' with both the state court where the case was filed and the federal court to which it will be transferred. The notice of removal must be filed within 30 days of the first removable document. For example, if there is no diversity of citizenship initially, but the non-diverse defendant is subsequently dismissed, the remaining diverse defendant(s) may remove to a federal court. However, no removal is available after one year of the filing of the complaint. A party's citizenship at the time of the filing of the action is considered the citizenship of the party. If a defendant later moves to the same state as the plaintiff while the action is pending, the federal court will still have jurisdiction. However, if any defendant is a citizen of the state where the action is first filed, diversity does not exist. 28 U.S.C. §1441(b). If a plaintiff or a co-defendant opposes removal, he may request a ''remand'', asking the federal court to send the case back to the state court. A remand is rarely granted if the diversity and amount in controversy requirements are met. A remand may be granted, however, if a non-diverse party joins the action, or if the parties settle some claims among them, leaving the amount in controversy below the requisite amount. Law applied The United States Supreme Court determined in ''Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins'' (1938) that the law to be applied in a diversity case would be the law of whatever state in which the action was filed. This decision overturned precedents that had held that federal courts could create a general federal common law, instead of applying the law of the forum state. This decision was an interpretation of the word "laws" in 28 U.S.C. 1652, known as the Rules of Decision Act, to mean not just statutes enacted by the legislature but also the common law created by state courts. Under the Rules of Decision Act, the laws of the several states, except where the constitution or treaties of the United States or Acts of Congress otherwise require or provide, shall be regarded as rules of decision in civil actions in the courts of the United States, in cases where they apply. The Court interpreted "laws" to include the states' judicial decisions, or "common law." Thus, it is an overstatement to state that Erie represents the notion that there is no federal common law. Federal courts do adjudicate "common law" of federal statutes and regulations. Because the RDA provides for exceptions and modifications by Congress, it is important to note the effect of the Rules Enabling Act (REA), 28 U.S.C. 2072. The REA delegates the legislative authority to the Supreme Court to ratify rules of practice and procedure and rules of evidence for federal courts. Thus, it is not Erie, but the REA, which created the distinction between substantive and procedural law. Thus, while state substantive law is applied, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Federal Rules of Evidence still govern the "procedural" matters in a diversity action, as clarified in ''Gasperini v. Center for Humanities'' (1996). The REA, 28 U.S.C. 2072(b), provides that the Rules will not affect the substantive rights of the parties. Therefore, a federal court may still apply the "procedural" rules of the state of the initial filing, if the federal law would "abridge, enlarge, or modify" a substantive right provided for under the law of the state. See also ''Strawbridge v. Curtiss'' (1806) Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 Federal question jurisdiction Federalist No. 80 Supplemental jurisdiction External links 28 U.S.C § 1332. Diversity of Citizenship {{DEFAULTSORT:Diversity Jurisdiction Category:United States civil procedure Category:Jurisdiction Category:Article Three of the United States Constitution Category:American legal terminology
Jordan Hill Temple Temple Or Shrine This square temple lies in a temenos on a hilltop outside Weymouth. The base of the cella wall and the pavement floor of the portico survived, but the outer wall had been robbed-away. The cella wall was 3 ft. 8 in. thick and covered an area measuring about 32 feet square. The temple either faced east or south. Built in the 4th century, there were squatters living in the building during the 5th century. (Type I) References for Jordan Hill Temple Temples in Roman Britain by M.J.T. Lewis (Cambridge 1966). Map References for Jordan Hill Temple NGRef: SY6982 OSMap: LR194 Roman Roads near Jordan Hill Temple N (5) to Dvrnovaria (Dorchester, Dorset) N (3) to Maiden Castle
how to pronounce gobbledygook how to improve pronunciation of gobbledygook press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound. press Play to play an example pronunciation of gobbledygook. video examples of gobbledygook pronunciation An example use of gobbledygook in a speech by a native speaker of american english: “… with gobbledygook crashing a system is …” meanings of gobbledygook 1. Something written in an overly complex, incoherent, or incomprehensible manner. 2. Nonsense; meaningless or encrypted language.
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What Is A Bare Trust? A bare trust arises where assets are held by a person or persons (known as trustees) for the benefit of another person or persons (known as beneficiaries). Bare trusts are commonly, though not exclusively, used to hold assets for minors. Bare trusts are often known and regarded as ‘simple trusts.’ They are not as complex as other trusts and their simplicity makes them easier to administer, as well as bringing certain tax advantages. Another type of trust used in Ireland is known as a Discretionary Trust. Bare trusts are ideal for minor beneficiaries as the assets can be legally withheld from the child until they reach the age of 18, thereby protecting them from their own immaturity, whilst being more tax friendly than other trust types. Bare trusts are very often used by grandparents who want to provide for their grandchildren where the children are too young to take the inheritance in their own right. For example, a bank account can be opened up with the grandparents (as trustees) being the signatories on the account. The grandparents can utilise the trust funds to help educate or maintain the child or, alternatively, by continuing to add to the trust until the child is old enough to take the gift at the age of eighteen. Trusts are often seen as the preserve of the very wealthy only but they can actually be used by very ordinary families wanting to secure a tax efficient fund for their loved ones. Bare trusts can offer a tax efficient way for parents, grandparents, or anyone else, to provide a nest egg for a minor child. Bare trusts are ideal vehicles to receive assets which are likely to grow in value such as company shares or property. For example, parents can transfer assets that they are confident are likely to increase in value by transferring them into a trust when the value is still relatively low (in comparison to the future potential growth value). CAT is chargeable once the assets are placed in trust and therefore is chargeable on the lower entry value. There is huge potential for tax savings for assets of this nature. Capital Acquisitions Tax (CAT) The transfer of property into the trust has the potential to attract CAT. Whether CAT is payable will depend on the value of the gift and the relationship between the person giving and receiving the benefit. At present, parents can give children up to €320,000 free of CAT, being the relevant group threshold between a parent and child. Gifts or inheritances received in excess of this amount will attract CAT. However, gifts received in the same year from an individual which are less than €3,000 will not affect the group threshold at all. Capital Gains Tax (CGT) A Capital Gains Tax (CGT) liability may arise on the transfer into the trust if the asset is carrying a gain, i.e. it has increased in value since it was acquired. Of course, if cash assets are transferred or assets carrying a loss are transferred no CGT arises. Any capital gains arising within the trust are those of the beneficiary. Income Tax Income Tax on property which is transferred into trust by someone during their lifetime for the benefit of a minor is assessed on the person who transferred the asset, not the minor. Therefore, in these circumstances it may be preferable to invest in non-income producing capital growth assets. Anyone who receives a gift or inheritance has a potential tax liability. The tax in question is known as Capital Acquisitions Tax (CAT). Whether CAT is payable depends on the value of the gift and the relationship between the people making and receiving it. Gifts and inheritances can be received tax free up to a certain amount. The tax-free amount varies depending on the relationship between the person making and receiving the gift. Generally, every gift or inheritance received during a lifetime eats into this threshold. However, the small gift exemption allows a person to receive a gift of €3,000 per year from any number of people without it affecting their group threshold. Significant tax savings can be made when bare trusts are used with the small gift exemption. This is when bare trusts really come into their own. By way of example, each year a couple can give each child an amount equivalent to the small gift exemption (€3,000, equating to €6,000 in total per couple to each child). If they were to do this over the course of eighteen years the child could receive €108,000 tax free. Furthermore, the tax-free threshold is not utilised and therefore it is preserved for future gifts or inheritances. Often parents ask the question, ‘Can I take the trust assets back if needed?’ The answer is no. Therefore, a bare trust would be unsuitable if parents wanted the option to take the trust funds back. The nature of a bare trust is that once the assets are gifted they belong to the beneficiary and must be applied for the beneficiary’s benefit. Another factor to bear in mind is that once the beneficiary reaches eighteen, the beneficiary can legally call for the trust assets to be transferred to him or her. It is this aspect of bare trusts that is often cited as a disadvantage, particularly if the trust fund is substantial, or if the beneficiaries are still too immature to handle the inheritance. • Bare trusts are ideal for providing for a child’s third level education. Bare trusts facilitate family members contributing in a tax efficient way for a child’s future. • Bare trusts allow for significant value to pass tax free when used in conjunction with the annual small gift exemption. • Bare trusts can be used to pass assets, which have the potential for significant capital growth, to a child tax efficiently. If you would like further advice on bare trusts please contact Claire Tuohy.
App version: 0.1.0 Car Loan Terms Explained Calculating Business Cash Flow Rebecca Lake Rebecca Lake Updated February 16, 2021 Share this article: Editor’s note: At Lantern, we strive to help you make financial decisions with confidence. To do this, we occasionally feature content that includes information about our partners and their products or services. We do not provide, endorse, or guarantee any third-party product, service, information or recommendations—and our opinions are our own. When you’re buying a new or used vehicle, you might prefer to finance your purchase with an auto loan, rather than pay cash upfront. Auto loans may offer low interest rates for buyers with good credit history and stable income. Before signing off on any vehicle financing, however, it's important to be sure you understand some basic auto loan terminology. That can get complicated. While some car finance terms are relatively straightforward, others are more complex. If you aren't an auto loans terms expert, you may find decoding the lingo a little daunting.Reviewing a brief glossary of basic auto finance terms before you begin shopping for a vehicle or a loan can help you feel more secure you’re ending up with the right borrowing option. Here are some of the most important car loan terms and definitions to know. Auto Loan Definition What is an auto loan? In a nutshell, a vehicle loan is essentially a contract between the car buyer and the financing company or lender. This contract spells out the conditions for completing the purchase of the vehicle and lays out exactly how the loan will be repaid over time. Banks, credit unions, online lenders, and financing companies are all places you can seek out auto loan financing as a car buyer. Dealerships may also offer in-house financing, in which you repay an auto loan directly to the dealer. Annual Percentage Rate Annual percentage rate (APR) is one of the most important car finance terms to know because it relates to how much you'll pay for a vehicle loan. APR is a reflection of the annualized cost of borrowing money, based on the interest rate and fees charged by the lender. In auto loan terminology, APR gives you a simple way to compare the cost of different vehicle loans. Say you have two lenders you're considering for vehicle financing. One offers a loan with a 3.99% APR while the other is advertising a 2.99% APR. Of the two, the second loan will cost you less money in interest over time. When you’re comparing APRs for vehicle loans, pay attention to whether rates are fixed or variable. A fixed APR stays the same for the life of the loan, which means you can easily calculate the total amount of interest you'll pay. Your monthly payments will also stay the same for the life of the loan. With variable rate auto loan financing, the APR is tied to a benchmark rate, such as the Prime Rate. If the benchmark rate increases or decreases, the loan's APR can also increase or decrease. This makes it more difficult to predict total interest costs, and monthly payments may not stay the same throughout the life of the loan. Base Price When you’re applying for auto loan financing, you may see the term base price mentioned. Base price reflects the purchase price of the vehicle as is, without add-ons. The actual purchase price may be higher if you add on optional equipment or upgrades or purchase extended warranties or maintenance contracts. Lenders can use credit scores to determine whether you're eligible for an auto loan and what interest rate they’ll charge you. If you don't meet a lender's minimum credit score and income requirements, you may need a cosigner if you want to finalize the loan. A cosigner is someone who agrees to assume equal responsibility with you for an auto loan. If you default on the loan and fail to pay it back, the cosigner is liable for repaying what's owed. Deficiency Balance Deficiency balance is a car loan term that ideally you’ll never encounter in real life because you'll be able to pay off what you borrow as scheduled. When you owe a deficiency balance, it means that you failed to repay your loan and your vehicle was repossessed and sold by your financing company to recoup its losses. If you owe more on the car than the company is able to sell it for, the financing company can still hold you responsible for paying the difference. That gap is called the deficiency balance. You may also be responsible for paying any repossession fees. Down Payment A down payment is a payment you make upfront against the purchase price of a vehicle you're buying. This is similar to a down payment you might make on a home--the goal in both cases is to reduce the amount you need to finance.Depending on your credit and where you're buying your vehicle, you may be able to get auto loan financing with no money down. But there are some advantages to making a larger down payment. For one thing, you'll have a smaller loan as a result. That means less money you'll pay interest on over the life of the loan. A smaller loan can also lower your monthly payments, which can make financing a vehicle more affordable for your budget. Extended Warranty If you're buying a new or used vehicle from a dealer, you might be asked if you want to purchase extended warranty coverage. Extended warranties may cover basic maintenance or repairs to the vehicle for a period of time beyond the original manufacturer's warranty. Whether it makes sense to pay extra for an extended warranty can depend on the age of the vehicle, how long you plan to own it, and how much cash you have in reserves to cover repairs and maintenance. The cost of an extended warranty can be added into your auto loan's terms, meaning it would affect your monthly payment. Interest Rate The interest rate on a vehicle loan is simply the rate that's charged annually, without factoring in any fees. Interest rate was already mentioned as a part of your APR, but it's helpful to know what it means by itself, too. A lower interest rate can translate to a lower APR, but when you’re comparing car finance terms, it's important that you don't get the two of them confused. If you have two loans you're considering, you may want to look at each of their interest rates side by side as well as their APRs side by side to get a sense of the costs. Loan Term A car loan term simply means how long you'll make payments on the loan. Auto finance terms may largely depend on how much you're borrowing. A larger loan amount might require a longer loan term so that your monthly payments are affordable for your budget. A smaller loan may require less time to pay off.Monthly cost is important to consider when choosing a car loan term, but also think about what the timeframe means in terms of how much interest you'll pay. Generally, the longer the loan term, the more the interest charges will add up to over time. Paying off a shorter loan term could make the payments higher, but it can reduce the amount of interest you’ll pay altogether. Loan to Value Ratio Loan to value ratio (LTV) represents the total dollar value of your vehicle loan divided by the car's actual cash value. Actual cash value is what the car is worth according to independent valuation providers, such as Kelley Blue Book. Making a larger down payment can reduce your LTV ratio. Principal is basic auto loan terminology for the amount you owe minus any interest, fees, or finance charges. When you make payments on a vehicle loan, part of what you pay is applied to the fees and interest, while the rest is applied to the principal.Your lender or financing company should provide you with an amortization schedule that breaks down how your payments are applied. Typically, a higher percentage of your payments will go toward interest and fees during the early part of your loan term. Once most of the interest is repaid, more of your payments will go toward the principal. Total Cost Total cost is a simple car loan term that means the total amount you'll pay for financing. This amount includes the principal, interest, fees, and any money you apply toward a down payment. The Takeaway Auto loans can vary a lot so it's important to do your research before selecting one. When you’re comparing vehicle financing options, it’s a good idea to consider what different lenders offer in terms of interest rates, fees, repayment terms, and loan amounts. Bear in mind, too, that there’s more that you can do beyond learning the terminology and shopping around to improve your chances of getting the financing you want. Working on improving your credit rating (by making regular payments on your credit cards and other loans) can give you access to better car loan rates. And paying a down payment or getting a cosigner with excellent credit may also help you qualify for better loans and reduce your car financing costs overall. About the Author Rebecca Lake Rebecca Lake Rebecca Lake is a freelance writer specializing in personal finance, investing and small business. Her work has appeared online at U.S. News and World Report, Forbes Advisor, and Investopedia. Rebecca writes about a variety of topics for SoFi, including budgeting, saving money and student loans. 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Going Green It's Okay to Print! Did you know that printing actually helps to sustain our forests for a large number of different reasons? For starters, growing and harvesting trees is an enterprise that provides jobs for millions of people all over the world. Thanks to improved forest management techniques, we now have more trees today than we did even 100 years ago. Forests are great for the environment - they provide clean air and water, wildlife habitats for animals, carbon storage and more. By using trees to create materials like paper (which is biodegradable, renewable, and ultimately sustainable), you're making room for new trees that become a valuable part of an industry that provides a livelihood for countless people, and sustains a delicate ecosystem as well. The Facts If we have more trees now than we did in 1900, it means that the ways in which we use paper has NOT affected our forests in a bad way. Using paper products means that old trees get to be harvested and put to good use. Forests get replanted with new trees that serve a very real benefit to the environment. By increasing the need for trees by keeping paper and print marketing relevant, you're actually playing a very important role in helping the environment sustain itself and continue to be naturally healthy well into the future. Save a tree and choose print!
Quote 2 There is so much silence between the words, you say. You say, The sensed absence of God and the sensed presence amount to much the same thing, only in reverse. This quotation, from “In the Secular Night,” from Morning in the Burned House,is an example of the games that Atwood likes to play with language. The speaker paces her house alone and thinks back over her life, listening to the silence around her. She realizes that even when speaking and interacting with others, the same silence exists. Mere words cannot bridge it. The repetition of “you say” implies hollowness and suggests the emptiness of human beings mouthing meaningless phrases in empty houses at night. Still, this repetition suggests the inadequacy of their language does not stop humans from speaking or striving to cover up these silences with chatter. Nowhere do the failures of language become more evident than in the other person’s (the “you”) attempt to pin God down into a single tidy aphorism. Atwood questions whether language can ever approximate concrete meanings and truths. If it can’t, she wonders, why one should bother writing at all? In the poem “Beauharnois,” an account of a civilian massacre in Quebec, Atwood offers a slightly different perspective:“A language is not words only,” she writes, “it is the stories / that are told in it, / the stories that are never told.” Part of language, then, is the human content that it communicates. Despite one’s best efforts, however, it is impossible to ever fully communicate this content. Popular pages: Margaret Atwood’s Poetry
What Is ‘Fascism?’ Before we begin, I want to issue a warning. If you consider yourself to be a Socialist, Progressive or a Conservative, I am most likely going to provide you with a definition of ‘Fascism’ with which you are vehemently going to disagree. So, with that warning issued, let’s just jump right in and start stirring the pot. Modern America is a Fascist nation! Sadly, this is true, and it has been for some time. But, before you start lining up your arguments listing all the reasons I am wrong, let’s first define what ‘Fascism’ actually is, then we’ll see if you still disagree. We’ll start with the dictionary’s definition: Definition of fascism 2 : a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial control early instances of army fascism and brutality— J. W. Aldridge [NOTE: we must be extremely diligent in dealing with the definition of ‘Fascism.’ This is because the definition has been made into a political weapon. As such, it is prone to being altered — in real time. Therefore, we should do everything we can to look for definitions of ‘Fascism’ that are both printed in hard format and date to a time prior to the start of this millennium. Otherwise, we are liable to accept a definition that is part of a political weapon intended to smear political opponents and not the actual meaning of the word.] The term, ‘Fascism,’ was coined by the first Fascist leader, Benito Mussolini. He named it after an old Roman symbol. Basically, a bundle of rods or reeds tied together to make them stronger and incorporating an axe head to make them into a weapon. Unions started as an example of the ‘Fascist’ ideal symbolized by this bundle of reeds made into an axe. A modern equivalent of this same symbol is known as ‘Community Organizing.’ In short, Fascism was about uniting different minority groups under a single dictatorial leader who would then ‘discern’ the will of these people and exercise the power of government to affect whatever changes that ‘discerned will’ required. However, as with all promises made by Socialists, in practice, ‘Fascism’ was nothing more than a dictatorship. Now, I do not want you to take my word for any of this. No, since he invented it, Mussolini is the ultimate authority on what ‘Fascism’ means. Therefore, I want you to take Mussolini’s word for what ‘Fascism’ means: The Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist State–a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values–interprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of a people. (p. 14) Fascism recognises the real needs which gave rise to socialism and trade-unionism, giving them due weight in the guild or corporative system in which diverent interests are coordinated and harmonised in the unity of the State. (p.15) Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of liberalism, both in the political and economic sphere. (p. 32) Benito Mussolini, 1935, The Doctrine of Fascism, Firenze: Vallecchi Editore. Re-read that last quote from Mussolini, then read this one from another well-known Fascist: ~ Adolf HitlerVolkischer Beobachter, 23 March 1933 If we allow the two men best known for defining ‘Fascism’ to do so, then it is clear that ‘Fascism’ is a totalitarian form of government where people are allowed to own private property, but only so far as they use it in a way with which the government agrees or directs. As we will soon see, this most definitely applies to the current state of the U.S. government. But first, we need to deal with a part of the definition of ‘Fascism’ that is probably going to upset our Socialist friends. This is the fact that ‘Fascism’ is Socialism! This is an absolute, indisputable fact: ‘Fascism’ is Socialism — just a different flavor of Socialism from that which most Socialists want you to eat. We know this because Mussolini and Hitler both said it is true. It is even in the very name, NAZI, which is an abbreviation for ‘National Socialist Workers’ Party.‘ Therefore, we should most accurately call ‘Fascism’ by a more accurately descriptive name, ‘National Socialism.’ Either way, ‘Fascism’ is Socialism, and the fact is just that: a fact. The matter is not open for debate: it is true by definition, and the laws of logic say that one cannot rationally argue with a definition. That ends this matter: ‘Fascism’ is best defined as ‘National Socialism.’ Now, let’s return to my statement that modern America is Fascist. First, this nation is very nationalistic, but it is not quite ‘nationalist.’ By that, I mean we are still a patriotic nation, but we do not worship the nation (yet). However, in recent years, we have started to focus on an ‘America First’ trend in policy. Taken together, this gives modern America a decidedly ‘Nationalist’ flavor to it. All that remains to determine is whether or not America is ‘Socialist.’ Under ‘Fascism,’ people can hold some semblance of private property, but the extent to which that property is actually private depends largely upon whether or not the ownership does what the government wants done. Otherwise, in a ‘Fascist’ nation, the government is in total control. Is there anything about the state of modern U.S. government that might lead one to believe it meets the definition of ‘total control’ over the country? We’ll start with Mussolini’s description first: “…it [govt] makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporate, social, and educational institutions,…” There can be no doubt that a symbiotic relationship between corporate America and the government definitely exists, but are the two equal, or is one over the other? ell, TARP demonstrated that the government can and will dictate to private industry. It even forced banks to take TARP money they did not need or want, thereby forcing those banks to comply with the government’s dictates or face legal penalties. Obama also demonstrated that the government can and will take private property from one citizen and give it to another, or from a corporation and give it to a union in his bailout of he auto unions. The government has also taken over the healthcare industry, even going to the point of forcing citizens to buy a product or be fined, then dictating to the industry what products they must provide and what they can charge to do so. The government has gone so far as to demonstrate that its reach even extends to the individual, whose property is routinely taken for no other reason that the government has decided it should be used in a way that generates more taxes. What’s more, much of this was done without any legal process whatsoever. By definition, that is ‘dictation.’ So, yes, the modern U.S. government can and does wield dictatorial power over American industry and private property. Does the government have any control over the social institutions in modern America? Well, yes. Here again, it has in the past and is talking again about controlling the press and other similar mediums through the ‘fairness doctrine.’ We have government regulations over social media, as well. Government also controls art through its granting and denial of monies. Currently, we are seeing that social media can openly discriminate based on race, religion and political orientation — so long as they discriminate against the enemies of the government. True, the government is making noise as if this is a wrong that the government will correct, but this discrimination violates laws already on the books and the government does nothing to enforce them. Truth be told, there is hardly a social institution the government does not control by dictate. This leaves the educational system, at both the grade and university levels. Grade school attendance has been made mandatory, and the national curriculum set by ‘Common Core.’ Home-schoolers have also been dictated to by being forced to meet government-set standards of education. Religious and moral sentiments are being forced on children in the schools — often against their parents’ will and teaching. Heck, children are even being removed from their homes if the parents object to what the schools are teaching to their children. Then there are the colleges, where conservatism is openly discriminated against by the university administrations. Government also took over the student loan programs. Here again, the truth is, in modern America, the government has dictatorial control over the education system. Looking at Hitler’s definition of ‘dictatorial’ once more, we see that it agrees with where we are now in America: As we just illustrated, modern American government meets all the requirements of both Hilkter’s and Mussolini’s definition of how a ‘Fascist’ government operates. So, we have a national flavor to a dictatorial government. Ergo — by definition — modern America is ‘Fascist!’ Now for the ‘fun’ part. This is why the American Left is so opposed to the modern government. Because the modern American Left is Communist, and Communism is a form of Socialism naturally opposed to ‘Fascism,’ the modern American Left is a natural enemy of the current ‘Fascist’ American government. It’s like red ants (the American Left) being tossed into a nest of black ants (the modern American government): whenever they come into contact with each other, there will be a fight to the death. Leave a Reply
New York Metropolis is a global hub of company and commerce, as a centre for banking and finance, retailing, planet trade and transportation Situated on 1 of the world’s biggest normal harbors, New York City is composed of five boroughs, every single of which is a county of the Point out of New York. The five boroughs—Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island—were created when local governments have been consolidated into a one metropolis in 1898. The city and its metropolitan spot constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, creating it the most linguistically varied metropolis in the entire world. New York is property to a lot more than 3.2 million people born exterior the United States, the greatest international-born inhabitants of any metropolis in the world as of 2016. As of 2019, the New York metropolitan spot is estimated to generate a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $2. trillion. If new york blonde escorts ended up a sovereign point out, it would have the eighth-premier financial system in the planet. New York is property to the greatest variety of billionaires of any metropolis in the globe. New York City traces its origins to a buying and selling publish started on the southern suggestion of Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists in 1624. The settlement was named New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) in 1626 and was chartered as a town in 1653. The metropolis came under English handle in 1664 and was renamed New York soon after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. The metropolis was regained by the Dutch in July 1673 and was renamed New Orange for 1 year and a few months the metropolis has been continuously named New York given that November 1674. New York City was the cash of the United States from 1785 till 1790, and has been the greatest U.S. metropolis given that 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted thousands and thousands of immigrants as they arrived to the U.S. by ship in the late nineteenth and early 20th generations, and is a symbol of the U.S. and its ideals of liberty and peace. In the twenty first century, New York has emerged as a international node of creative imagination, entrepreneurship, and environmental sustainability, and as a symbol of liberty and cultural range. In new york classified ads , New York was voted the best town in the world for each a survey of above thirty,000 folks from 48 cities globally, citing its cultural range. New York Town is a international hub of company and commerce, as a center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, genuine estate, new media, conventional media, marketing, authorized companies, accountancy, insurance, theater, style, and the arts in the United States while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York’s wide-spectrum higher technology sphere, carries on to broaden. The Port of New York and New Jersey is also a major financial motor, dealing with report cargo volume in 2017, over six.7 million TEUs. Numerous Fortune 500 businesses are headquartered in New York City, as are a massive quantity of multinational companies. One particular out of ten private sector employment in the city is with a foreign organization. New York City has been ranked first amid metropolitan areas across the globe in attracting cash, business, and tourists. New York City’s role as the best world-wide centre for the advertising business is metonymously mirrored as “Madison Avenue”.[350] The city’s trend sector gives approximately one hundred eighty,000 employees with $11 billion in yearly wages. Other essential sectors include health-related investigation and engineering, non-income institutions, and universities. Production accounts for a substantial but declining share of employment. The city’s attire and garment industry, historically centered on the Garment District in Manhattan, peaked in 1950, when far more than 323,000 workers were utilized in the business in New York. In 2015, fewer than 23,000 New York Metropolis residents have been utilized in the manufacture of clothes, add-ons, and concluded textiles, although endeavours to revive the business had been underway.Meals processing is a $5 billion market that employs more than 19,000 citizens.
Dolley Madison’s Early Life: The Tragedy Before the Triumph Dolley Madison, 1804, by Gilbert Stuart Dolley aka “Dolly” Madison, known as the originator of traditions continued by subsequent First Ladies, experienced personal tragedies in her early life. Dolley or “Dolly” Madison, wife of the fourth president of the United States, James Madison, is known as originating traditions that continue to this day. Lauded for her gracious hospitality, beauty, and gift of putting foreign dignitaries and regular Americans alike at ease, Dolley’s stunning fashion sense was literally applauded. But the smiling hostess and superb conversationalist survived losses and that make her later generosity and kindness all that more remarkable. The Payne’s Financial Downturn Dolley Payne, later to become Dolley Payne Todd, and then Dolley Payne Todd Madison, was born in North Carolina. Later, the family relocated to a Virginia plantation. Dolley’s father freed the family slaves and moved the family to Philadelphia, where a series of poor investments in both land in the west and in a starch factory in Pennsylvania quickly diminished the family coffers. Used to a life of comparative ease, Dolley took on more chores, including making the family meals. She credited her time in the kitchen to helping her develop recipes later used in entertaining as a political wife. After her father’s death, Dolley’s mother took in boarders. Known for her beauty, Dolley married a Quaker lawyer, John Todd, who was taken with her charms, enough so that he did not demand a dowry, as was the custom. Yellow Fever in Philadelphia Dolley gave birth to Payne Todd, and then to William. In 1793 yellow fever swept through Philadelphia. Dolley was stricken with the disease. She awoke from her illness to learn her in-laws, youngest son, and husband had all succumbed. Dolley’s sister Anna continued to live with her, but her mother closed the boarding house and moved in with one of Dolley’s other sisters. Dolley’s husband had left her with enough funds to live independently, but her beauty attracted suitors. Courted by many, including the infamous Aaron Burr, Dolley remained unswayed until the persistent James Madison set his sights on her. After a short time, the couple married. Religious Ostracism Displeased by Dolley’s marriage to a non-Quaker, the Society of Friends (Quakers) “reads her out of the Meeting.’ Rather than mourning the loss of her Quaker mooring, Dolley found it liberating. For years she had struggled to dress plainly in order to keep within Quaker tradition. Freed from religious strictures, Dolley melded restraint with color and form to remake fashion. By 1803 Dolley rose to become the most fashionable and charming hostess in the nation, giving dinners for the widower President, Thomas Jefferson. Later, when her own husband rose to the office, Dolley became the First Lady in name as well as in fact. Her domestic skills and sense of fashion having grown in a garden that was not without thorns. 1. Gerson, N.B. The Velvet Glove: The Life of Dolly Madison. Thomas Nelson, Inc., Nashville, 1975.
Navigate to chapter Chapter 1: Understanding Ball Pythons Chapter 2: Things to Know Before Getting a Ball Python Chapter 3: Purchasing Your Ball Python Chapter 4: Caring for Your New Ball Python Chapter 5: Meeting Your Ball Python’s Nutritional Needs Chapter 6: Ball Python Husbandry Chapter 7: Ball Python Handling and Temperament Chapter 8: Breeding Your Ball Python Chapter 9: Keeping Your Ball Python Healthy Chapter 1: Understanding Ball Pythons , Chapter One: Understanding Ball Pythons, Ball Pythons As Pets The Python regius is the smallest of the African pythons. Because of its small size, passive temperament, and reasonable price, it has become one of the most popular pet snakes. The Python regius is more commonly known as Ball Python because of the species’ tendency to curl up into a ball when experiencing stress. Ball Pythons are also called the Royal Pythons, most notably in Europe, because they are used as jewelry by African rulers. Ball Pythons typically have brown and tan colors for camouflage in the savannahs and grasslands, their natural habitat. Its underbelly is commonly ivory white or cream, and there are usually gold or light brown sides and dorsal blotches. Ball Pythons are native to Africa, and their population is spread across the continent from Sudan and Uganda throughout Cameroon, Chad, and the Central African Republic and from Senegal, Mali, Sierra Leone, the Ivory Coast, and Nigeria. This snake species is also revered in Nigerian culture, particularly in its southeastern area, and are considered symbolic of the earth and its riches. Ball Pythons are relatively easy to care for compared to other serpentine creatures, and their passive nature makes them an ideal pet even for children. They rarely bite, if at all, preferring to coil into a tight ball instead of facing aggression head-on. They require regular handling to get them used to human touch, and constant touch makes them even tamer, making for wonderful and quite endearing reptilian pets. Summary of Ball Python Facts Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Serpentes Family: Pythonidae Genus: Python Species: P. regius Other Names: Boa regia, Enyrgrus regius, Cenchris regia, Python Bellii, Python regius, Hortulia regia Common Names: Ball Python, Royal Python, King Python Regions of Origin: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. Primary Habitat: Grasslands, savannas, and sparsely wooded areas. Description: Oval-shaped and narrow head, narrow neck, solid body, relatively short tail. Length: 122 cm (4.0 ft) to 182 cm (6.0 ft) Weight: Approximately 2 kg Color: The Ball Python typically has brown and tan camouflaged designs, with the top of the head usually a dark brown, and its underside is ivory white or cream. There are a lot of naturally occurring color morphs within the species, including High Gold, Piedbald, Axanthic, Xanthic, Leucistic, Melanistic, and Albino. Juvenile Ball Pythons often have brighter and more yellow colorations compared to adult ones. Conservation Status: Classified by the IUCN as “Least Concern” because of its large range and high, stable population. It is included in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), where the main threat is the species’ capture for illegal trade. Primary Behavioral Characteristics: Terricolous, nocturnal, sedentary, and solitary. Health Conditions: Dermatitis, Respiratory Disease, Mouth Rot, Stomatitis, Ticks and Mites. Lifespan: average 20 to 35 years Origin and Distribution The Ball Python is endemic to the grasslands and open forests of West and Central Africa. They are found in Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda, usually in plains, savannahs, and areas that provide them cover. They are also fond of areas cleared for farming, even often acting as pest control since they prey on mice and rodents. Ball Pythons prefer areas close to a water source so that they can easily cool themselves during hot days. They also like empty mammal burrows and underground hiding spaces, where they spend most of their time, though they can also climb trees if they choose. They like their solitude and spend the day in tight crevices, and as nocturnal species, they are more active during nighttime, and are most active at dawn and at dusk. Ball Pythons are not an endangered species. Though exploited for the pet trade, where approximately 30,000 to 50,000 Ball Pythons are annually imported from Africa to American markets, the decline in Ball Python population is not drastic enough to be considered a threat. Furthermore, the species has a large range and a wide distribution across the African continent. There are some areas, especially in Nigeria, where Ball Pythons are believed to be sacred and are thus protected accordingly. According to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora or CITES, recent years have shown an increase in snake trade, with approximately 200,000 specimen involved. With the upsurge in demand, breeders put in efforts to make the snakes readily available for purchase, despite reptiles still being generally considered a rather unusual pet choice; after all, they are not easy to maintain, especially compared to the more typical household cat or dog. Ball Pythons, though nowadays seen as the gentlest of the snakes, have been considered quite troublesome as recently as the 1990s, when they were taken as captives. This was largely due to the fact that those early-day captive snakes were adult snakes caught in the wild, thus not used to human presence. Continue Reading… Want to read the entire thing? Pin It on Pinterest
Students explain, celebrate bisexuality pride Caitlyn Craig, Staff Reporter Bisexuality Day, celebrated on Sept. 23, recognizes and empowers the bisexual community, a group of individuals who are often misunderstood due to stereotypes and a lack of information. Bisexuality is a sexual orientation where people experience sexual, romantic or emotional attraction to more than one gender. According to the Williams Institute at UCLA, about 9 million Americans identify as LGBTQ+, and more than 160,000 of those people consider themselves to be bisexual, making them the majority of the community. The first official celebration of bisexuality was in 1999 after activism protests from the LGBTQ+ community erupted, according to the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. The day was created by bisexual rights activists Wendy Curry, Michael Page and Gigi Raven Wilbur to shed light on bisexuals around the world and explain the prejudices and challenges they face. As people celebrate the 21st annual Bisexuality Day, members of the LGBTQ+ community are coming together to share their stories and explain the struggles of being open about their sexuality. Megan Flynn, a freshman digital media technology major, identifies as bisexual. She said she realized she was bisexual early, but she did not know what the orientation was called until her late teens. “I watched a lot of ‘Kim Possible’ growing up, and I guess you could say I had a crush on her,” Flynn said, laughing. “But in high school, I had crushes on boys and I dated boys, so it just kind of dawned on me one day that I didn’t love someone for their gender, but for who they are.” When Flynn told her friends about her orientation, she said they did not understand because she had a boyfriend at the time. “They basically thought I was saying ‘I’m gay,’ but I was really saying I like both men and women,” Flynn explained. “I really have no problem being romantic with a man or a female. That’s why I identify as bisexual. I like them both.” Nora Kollar, graduate assistant at the Center for Gender and Sexual Diversity, said people typically assume bisexuals are confused or cannot make up their minds. She also said bisexuality is often overlooked or disregarded by people in and outside the LGBTQ+ community. “The lack of representation or visibility may affect people differently and create more questions (about) sexual identity,” Kollar said. “It is important to recognize bisexuality as a valid sexuality, and having a bisexuality pride day helps bring recognition to the community.” Sam Hennegan, Eastern’s Pride Vice President, said the best way to show support for bisexuals or people questioning if they are bisexual is to just be there for them. “Let them know that you care about them no matter what and that their gender or sexual orientation does not change your opinion of them,” Hennegan said. Eastern’s GSD Center provides a safe space for all students to be comfortable with sexuality. It offers programs to teach students and faculty about different gender, sexual and romantic identities. Caitlyn Craig can be reached at 581-2812 or at [email protected].
(855) 4-ESSAYS Type a new keyword(s) and press Enter to search First Aid and CPR You may have only few seconds to save a life when you in an emergency. Is anything you can do in an emergency until help arrives? You should do, because the only person you may have to depend on is yourself. First aid is the immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness before professional medical help arrives. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a method of combining chest compressions with rescue breathing to maintain a flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain while the heart is not working. . About half a million people in the United States suffer a heart attack each year. Heart attack occurs when some of the tissue in the heart is prevented from receiving its normal blood supply and dies. If the victim is conscious, put his in a half-sitting position, with head and shoulder supported with pillows, and knees bent. And also call 911, loosen the patient's clothing around the neck, chest and waist to help circulation and ease his breathing. If the victim becomes unconscious, start CPR. . One of the most popular injuries happen of teenagers is sling. When your friends brake their arms outside, first you have to do is getting the victim to support the injured arm with his hand. Take the lower end of the bandage up over the hand forearm and tie it in the hollow just above the collarbone. Pin the point near the elbow, or twist and tuck it in. . CPR fell out of practice until it was rediscovered in the 1950s. modern CPR developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The discoverers of mouth-to-mouth ventilation were Drs. James Elam and Peter Safar. Though mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was described in the Bible (mostly performed by midwives to resuscitate newborns.) In early 1960 Drs. Kouwenhoven, Knickerbocker, and Jude discovered the benefit of chest compression to achieve a small amount of artifical circulation. Later in 1960, mouth-to-mouth and chest compression were combined to form CPR similar to the way it is practiced today. Essays Related to First Aid and CPR Got a writing question? Ask our professional writer! Submit My Question
Florida receives more rainfall annually than most of the United States. Florida typically gets at least 50 inches of rainfall annually with most of the rainfall in the summer months. While Florida receives more rain than most states, it does not rain more days in Florida. In fact, Florida is nicknamed "The Sunshine State" because of the number of sunny days we have! The reason for topping the charts in annual rainfall is that when it rains in Florida, it usually pours! Tallahassee is the city in Florida that generally records the most rainfall. Hail, on the other hand, is a bit more rare in Florida with only a few occurrences taking place, mostly in the northern region of the state each year.
Recent research suggests that diet may play a central role in skin health, especially when it comes to acne. In fact, studies show that certain nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns may contribute to the development of acne (1). Nevertheless, whether drinking water impacts skin health has been a subject of controversy. This article takes a close look at how drinking water may affect acne. Drinking water is primarily thought to prevent acne by promoting proper skin hydration. Dry skin can trigger excess oil production, which could contribute to acne (2). Several studies have found that upping your intake of water may help keep your skin soft and smooth when used alongside a moisturizer and other skin care products. For instance, one 30-day study in 49 women observed that drinking an additional 68 ounces (2 liters) of water daily significantly improved skin hydration (3). Another review of six studies concluded that increasing fluid intake enhanced the hydration of the outer layer of the skin while reducing skin dryness and roughness (4). Studies in humans and animals show that staying well hydrated can affect immune function (5, 6). Supporting a healthy immune system can help protect your body against infections, which could help prevent acne. In particular, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a strain of bacteria that is thought to be involved in the development of acne (7). Studies show that it may also play a central role in the health of your skin microbiome, which refers to the microorganisms that reside on the skin and are involved in regulating skin health (8, 9). More research is needed to confirm whether drinking more water can protect against C. acnes specifically, but evidence suggests that it could support your body’s ability to fight infections to support skin health. Drinking more water may help improve immune function, which could help protect against certain strains of bacteria that contribute to acne. Studies show that eating foods with a low glycemic index — a measure of to what extent certain foods increase blood sugar levels — could reduce acne severity and regulate hormone levels (10, 11). Following a low-glycemic diet may also reduce levels of insulin, which is a key hormone in blood sugar control. High levels of insulin can increase oil production, which could contribute to acne (12). According to one small study, restricting water intake for 3 days led to impaired blood sugar control in nine men with type 2 diabetes (13). Another 9-year study in 3,615 people found that drinking more water was associated with a lower risk of developing high blood sugar levels (14). What’s more, other research suggests that dehydration can affect your body’s ability to use insulin efficiently, which could lead to increased insulin levels and excess oil production (15). Still, more research is needed to determine whether drinking water can affect blood sugar and insulin levels directly and whether those effects, in turn, could impact skin health. Drinking more water could help regulate blood sugar and insulin levels, which may help prevent acne. Despite the proliferation of fad detox diets and supplements, your body has a highly efficient, built-in detoxification system. In fact, your liver, kidneys, lungs, digestive tract, and skin are all involved in the excretion of waste and toxins from your body. Water is also essential to proper detoxification, as it helps carry nutrients through your body, flush out toxins, and keep your liver and kidneys working efficiently (16). Additionally, water is excreted from the skin as sweat, which can help remove toxins and heavy metals from your body naturally (17). Though research is limited, this could prevent your pores from becoming clogged, which may help ward off breakouts. Water can help promote proper natural detoxification, which could help prevent your pores from becoming clogged. Staying well hydrated is important to many aspects of health. Though research on the relationship between water intake and acne is limited, studies show that this fluid may help support skin health via several mechanisms.
• Join over 1.2 million students every month • Accelerate your learning by 29% • Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month Pompeii - House of the Vettii. Extracts from this document... Ann McMillin CLAR 191 Terrenato 24 April 2003 House of the Vettii The House of the Vettii belonged to two freedmen, Aulus Vettius Conviva and Aulus Vettius Restitutus, who amassed a fortune through a flourishing business. The House of the Vettii is not unusually large for the time or social standing of its owners, but it is obvious that the Vettii were affluent Pompeian citizens and the house compares to the other large, lavish houses found in Pompeii. (Mau, 1899: 315) Excavated in the late 19th century, the house is most notable for its remarkably well-preserved frescoes, beautiful garden and large triclinium. The rooms included in the house and the decoration in the various rooms reflect trends in Roman domestic architecture and art in the century before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and also provide insight into the lives of the house's inhabitants. Upon entering the atrium, there is a painting of Priapus, the god of fertility, and a painting of a sheep with the characteristics of Mercury, the god of commerce, on the adjacent wall. These paintings displayed the wealth and prosperity of the householders. (Guzzo: 60) The atrium has other typical features, like the impluvium, and includes two moneyboxes on the left and right, filled with valuables. (Brion, 1960: 146) A unique feature of the house is the absence of a tablinum. The tablinum served as the main reception room where the masters of many houses would carry out their day-to-day business. ...read more. The garden was ornately decorated with fountains, statues and shrubs. There were numerous small sculptures from which water fell into basins. The water pipes under the garden were so well preserved, that it was found upon excavation that it would be possible to repair them. The columns of the portico were also well preserved, which were white with capitals molded in stucco and painted various colors. (Mau, 1899: 317-320) Every aspect of the peristyle remained somewhat intact, so after replanting the shrubs and other foliage, the peristyle probably looked a lot like it did prior to the volcanic eruption 2,000 years ago. Horticulturists were able to remake the flowerbeds of roses, violets and hyacinths, and were even able to rule out flowers that they were not sure whether or not the Pompeiians knew and would have used in their gardens. (Brion, 1960: 149) Peristyles and gardens were increasing in social importance in the 1st century. The peristyle was the most private part of the house, and only the closest friends of the household were invited to enter. (Amery, 2002: 109) The gardens often included benches and paths, which family members could use for reflection and leisure activities. The size of the peristyle vis-�-vis the rest of the House of the Vettii indicates its social importance to the household. "They reflect the fashion, which caught on in the first part of the Imperial age, for imitating in the confined space of town houses the verdant vistas and free-standing sculptures of sumptuous country villas." ...read more. (Amery, 2002: 127) The wall paintings found in the House of the Vettii make it the house most representative of the fourth style. The style originated from previous styles that were focused on more architectural or theatrical designs that attempted to emulate Hellenistic buildings and give an architectural dimension to flat walls. (Amery, 2002: 123-125) The walls in the House of the Vettii give the house's interior a refined, luxuriant appearance. Andrew Wallace-Hadrill The House of the Vettii was not extraordinarily unique from the other high class houses uncovered in Pompeii, but its small differences shed light into the lives of its inhabitants. The similarities the House of the Vettii shared with other large Pompeian town houses can be seen together to reveal social trends and ancient Roman sentiment. Marcel Brion wrote: This phenomenon, extraordinary enough in itself, of a civilization miraculously preserved under the ashes of a volcano, had the power to capture men's imaginations. They readily-and somewhat immoderately-pictured intact houses with all objects remaining exactly where they were at the moment of the eruption; they imagined they were going to enter into intimate contact with a people vanished all those long centuries ago and to learn the secrets of their life. (Brion, 1960: 225) The House of the Vettii was an amazing example of this phenomenon, with its elaborate frescoes and sculptured garden being preserved for centuries under the volcanic ash. Even the bronze pots and pans remain where they were found on the stove in the kitchen. The tragedy of the volcano has been a surprising gift to archaeologists and historians searching for answers. 1 McMillin ...read more. The above preview is unformatted text Found what you're looking for? • Start learning 29% faster today • 150,000+ documents available • Just £6.99 a month Not the one? Search for your essay title... • Join over 1.2 million students every month • Accelerate your learning by 29% • Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month See related essaysSee related essays Related GCSE Child Development essays 1. Why family structures are changing. Although she met her friends there and they had a negative influence on her they lead to her skipping school and also led to underage drinking. The disco had a positive effect on the family as it gave Mary the chance to get out with her friends instead of hanging 2. Health and Social care As well as prices of public transport being constantly on the rise, public transport id often unreliable and timetables may not always be accurate. This can cause an inconvenience for many patients who might have to travel a long way to reach the Surgery. 1. Renaissance Men: Cellini and Pitti chronicling his dealings with the power players of his era, but places a much greater emphasis on self-aggrandizement. Cellini's arrogance is evident as he remarks that he "went away half content" when Pope Clement affectionately identified him as "the greatest man who was ever born into his profession"(Cellini, 100). 2. Health, Social Care and Early years provisions. The care assistants are much more hands on than either the manager or the assistant managers. The domestic assistants The domestic assistants will be accountable for such tasks as washing the resident's laundry, or cleaning Foulger's house to make sure that it is a clean and homely place to live in. • Over 160,000 pieces of student written work • Annotated by experienced teachers • Ideas and feedback to improve your own work
Asbestos and Cancer A mineral found in underground rock deposits known as asbestos was once heavily used in the industrial world in many different occupational, military, commercial, and residential capacities. Asbestos is resistant to fire, electricity, and chemical corrosion, making it an instrumental material to build with. It’s largely found in insulation and heat resistant products. After several years of mining, processing, distributing, and utilizing asbestos in a variety of construction capacities, researchers discovered its toxic properties. The mineral was then classified as a carcinogen (known to cause cancer) when employees and veterans that worked around it began developing mesothelioma and other cancers several years after prolonged asbestos exposure. Asbestos has been known to cause other noncancerous diseases as well, like asbestosis. Types of Cancer That Develop from Asbestos Exposure When asbestos fibers are disturbed and expelled into the air in mining, construction, demolition, and renovation projects, workers and those nearby can easily ingest them. Primarily, the fibers tend to get stuck around the lungs, where they’ll irritate the tissue. Still, the fibers can sometimes make it further to other areas inside the body. This is an icon representing mesothelioma. Mesothelioma (Asbestos Cancer) The most common cancer that develops from asbestos exposure, mesothelioma can form in the tissue linings of three different sites of the body. These include tissues lining the lungs (pleura), the abdomen (peritoneum), and heart (pericardium). This is an icon representing lung cancer. Lung Cancers and Their Subtypes Besides mesothelioma, multiple other lung-related cancers can develop from prolonged exposure to asbestos. • Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Also referred to as NSCLC, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. NSCLC is classified by the rate at which tumors develop, as tumors tend to grow and spread in the lungs much slower than small cell lung cancer. • Small Cell Lung Cancer Additionally referred to as SCLC, small cell lung cancer is identified by its ability to quickly develop in the affected lung. SCLC tends to begin development in the bronchi where it can spread to other areas, such as the lymph nodes. It has two subtypes: large cell carcinoma and oat cell carcinoma. • Large Cell Carcinoma A subtype of lung cancer, large-cell carcinomas form when tumors grow on the lungs’ outer edges. This type of cancer develops faster than others and can spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. • Oat Cell Carcinoma When SCLC tumors develop as clumps of cancer cells in one area, they are known as “oat-cell” carcinomas. This is because the bunched cells look like oats under a microscope. • Squamous Cell Carcinoma A subtype of lung cancer where tumors develop in the area where the larger bronchi join the trachea to the lung. Squamous cell carcinomas can also develop in the airway branches. • Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma Another subtype of lung cancer that combines the properties of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer. This is an icon representing mthroat cancer. Throat Cancers Several cancer types develop in specific areas inside and around the throat. Throat cancer tumors in this region also can affect the windpipe, as tumors can develop in the epiglottis (windpipe lid). • Esophageal Cancer Tumors can develop in the esophagus, which is a long, narrow tube that goes from your throat to your stomach. The esophagus helps the body efficiently digest food. • Laryngeal Cancer Tumors for this disease form specifically in the voice box (larynx). • Pharyngeal Cancer These tumors develop in the throat (pharynx). • Oropharyngeal Cancer Also a subtype of pharyngeal cancer. Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of throat cancer that develops specifically in the middle part of the throat (oropharynx). This is an icon representing ovarion cancer. Other Cancers Tumors can develop in other regions of the body, depending on how the asbestos fibers were ingested. Besides inhalation, the fibers can be swallowed, exposing a deeper area. Other cancers that can develop from asbestos exposure include: • Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) begin in specialized cells of the body’s neuroendocrine system. This system helps maintain the body’s homeostasis. It regulates reproduction, growth, metabolism, energy and nutrition consumption and usage, blood pressure, and osmosis. These types of cells can be found all over the body, however, cancer cells primarily surface in the gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrine carcinomas can also appear in the lungs, pancreas, and adrenal glands. • Colon Cancer This illness consists of tumor development in the large intestine (the final part of the digestive tract). This disease can begin as a clump of noncancerous cells that form inside of the colon, also known as polyps, that can easily be missed due to lack of symptoms. • Ovarian Cancer Uncommonly, ovarian cancer has been tied to the ingestion of asbestos. Tumors will form in the ovaries or female reproductive glands. • Stomach Cancer This disease generally begins in mucus-producing cells that line the stomach. Stomach cancer can also be referred to as a type of adenocarcinoma in the stomach. • Adenocarcinoma This is a subtype of cancer that develops in areas of the body that contain mucus-secreting glands. For instance, you could have non-small lung cancer that’s adenocarcinoma type if tumors grow in the mucous glands of the lungs. The glands that adenocarcinomas effect tend to line the inside of one or multiple of your organs. Adenocarcinoma can also form in the glands that line the colon, breasts, esophagus, pancreas, stomach, or prostate. Asbestos causes latent mesothelioma. Think you were exposed? Request a case evaluation to pinpoint the cause and who’s responsible. Evaluate My Case Symptoms and Diagnosis Signs and symptoms of cancer will vary based on the location of tumors. Still, there are general symptoms that most with cancer have in common. It’s essential to keep in mind that while these are common symptoms in people with cancer, experiencing these symptoms does not automatically mean a definite diagnosis. Some general symptoms of cancer can include: • Changes in the skin: • Hyperpigmentation (darker skin pigment) • Yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice) • Red skin (erythema) • Itchy skin (pruritus) • Hair growing more than usual • Extreme tiredness that doesn’t go away after resting (fatigue) • Fever • Chronic pain (Ex: back pain for colon or ovary cancers) • Unexplained weight loss (10 lbs or more) For pleural mesothelioma, lung or throat cancers, some specific symptoms can include: • Chronic coughing or coughing up blood • Difficulty swallowing or breathing • Excessive pain in throat or chest • Wheezing or shortness of breath If you experience more than one of these symptoms, it could be time to visit your doctor. After learning your symptoms, they will administer some tests. Once the results come back, your doctor can give you an official medical diagnosis. Legal Compensation for Cancer Diagnosis Linked to Asbestos Since scientists labeled asbestos as an official carcinogen, laws and regulations were put in place to protect workers, residents, and other individuals from negligent asbestos exposure. It’s legally the responsibility of the building owner, manager, or contractor to ensure that the worksite or residence is devoid of asbestos and other toxins before allowing people to enter. Asbestos is especially dangerous when its fibers are being disturbed. When an asbestos building is slated to be demolished or renovated, appropriate asbestos removal must be completed by an accredited agency. If you’ve been exposed to asbestos negligently and have been officially diagnosed with cancer or other illness because of it, you could be eligible for financial compensation from the companies responsible. Talk to an experienced attorney, and they’ll be able to inform you on the best practice for moving forward with a legal claim. Mesothelioma Support Team
90 days from today is Tue, 25 January 2022 Wiltshire Police Federation The Office of Constable Every sworn police officer in England and Wales is a ‘Constable’, irrespective of rank. It is from the Office of Constable that each officer derives their powers. On appointment each police officer makes a declaration to "faithfully discharge the duties of the Office of Constable". In England and Wales, police officers swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch; this is to ensure the separation of power and the political independence of the Office of Constable. The Office of Constable means a police officer has the additional legal powers of arrest and control of the public given to him or her directly by a sworn oath and warrant. These are not delegated powers simply because they have been employed as an officer. Police officers are not employees. Each sworn constable is an independent legal official; they are not agents of the police force, police authority or government. Each police officer has personal liability for their actions or inactions. The chief officer of the force to which the constable is attached also has a level of corporate responsibility.
S is for Sleep Categories: Uncategorised. In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of a good night’s rest has fallen dramatically. Think late nights working and Netflix binges. Sound familiar? But sleep is one of the most essential factors to good health. To highlight this, we have gathered some sleep time information together for you: Studies have demonstrated that stable bedtimes and rise times –even on weekends – are associated with better sleep quality in young, middle-aged adults and seniors. It maintains the body’s internal clock’s timing and helps you fall asleep and wake up more easily. Regular sleepers have a better mood, psychomotor performance, and academic achievement. Even if life sometimes gets in the way of this, there are some minor changes that you can make to improve your sleep dramatically. >Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and other chemicals that interfere with sleep >Make your bedroom a comfortable sleep environment >Establish a calming pre-sleep routine >Go to sleep when you are truly tired Also known as somnambulism, sleepwalking involves getting up and walking around while in a state of sleep. More common in children than adults, sleepwalking is usually outgrown by the teen years. Isolated incidents of sleepwalking often do not signal any serious problems or require treatment. Often, sleepwalking is a random, harmless event. Sleepwalking is far more common in kids than in adults. It may run in families, so if you or your partner are or were sleepwalkers, your child may be too. Treatment may be required if it occurs often or causes injury. Medication and hypnosis may help. We often laugh about snoring, but it has potentially serious effects. Snoring is the hoarse or harsh sound that occurs when air flows past relaxed tissues in your throat, causing the tissues to vibrate as you breathe. Nearly everyone snores now and then, but for some people, it can be a chronic problem. Sometimes it may also indicate a severe health condition. Besides, snoring can be a nuisance to your partner. Snoring is often associated with a sleep disorder called obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Not all snorers have OSA, but if any of the following symptoms accompany snoring, it may be an indication to see a doctor for further evaluation for OSA: >Witnessed breathing pauses during sleep >Excessive daytime sleepiness >Gasping or choking at night >High blood pressure >Chest pain at night There are two basic types of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep (which has three different stages). Stage 1 non-REM sleep is the changeover from wakefulness to sleep. REM sleep first occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep. Your eyes move rapidly from side to side behind closed eyelids. Mixed frequency brain wave activity becomes closer to that seen in wakefulness. Seconds to snooze Many people have trouble falling or staying asleep. For falling asleep, there are many methods to help you. One is the military method: > Relax your entire face, including the muscles inside your mouth > Exhale, relaxing your chest. >Relax your legs, thighs, and calves. > Clear your mind for 10 seconds by imagining a relaxing scene. > If this does not work, try saying the words “do not think” over and over for 10 seconds. > Within 10 seconds, you should fall asleep! If this does not work for you, you may need to work on the military method’s foundations: breathing and muscle relaxation, which have some scientific evidence that they work.
19 August 2018 10 Spanish-English false friends you should know There comes a point in your Spanish learning where you start to get comfortable with your words. You’ll notice that a lot of words are similar and can be transformed into Spanish from English by simply adding and O or something of the sort. For example chocolate is chocolate where every letter is sounded out, normal is normal in a Spanish accent, enemy becomes enemigo. This post, however, focuses on the false friends (or false cognates), the ones you really don’t want to mix up. Read on to avoid getting strange looks for making these mistakes. 10 Spanish-English false friends you should know Spanish-English False friends, photo via Advanced HR Although it sounds so much like embarrassed, it’s absolutely not! Embarazada in Spanish means pregnant. If you want to say that you feel embarrassed, you could say estoy avergonzado/a. embarazada = pregnant avergonzado = embarrassed Preoccupied right? As in busy? Nope. Preocupado is worried. A student told us when she was working as a secretary in Tenerife, she would often tell callers that her boss was muy preocupada, thinking she was telling them she was busy. Then when they finally got through, the callers would ask said boss if everything was okay. Our student was telling the people trying to get through that her boss was “very worried”. What she should have said was she was ocupada. preocupado = worried ocupado = busy This false friend is a tricky one because it’s spelled exactly as the English word “sensible”, but beware, everything is not what it seems! Sensible is often misused by Spanish speakers when they want to talk about someone who is overly emotional, so if what they’re saying sounds a bit off, clear it up with them see if that’s what they mean. If you want to say “sensible” in Spanish, it’s razonable (reasonable). Makes sense right? sensible = sensitive razonable = sensible You wouldn’t walk into your friend’s place and admire their new carpet by saying qué carpeta más bonita! You would received a bewildered look in return. Carpeta is a folder; alfombra is a carpet. carpeta = folder alfombra = carpet Clearly éxito is exit right? Negative. The word éxito in Spanish has nothing to do with where you leave a building and everything to do with what you’ve accomplished. Éxito is success, while salida is exit. éxito = success salida = exit Introducir is one false friend that is important to internalize! Although it sounds exactly like “introduce”, it will sound really strange when you are making people acquainted with each other. So when introducing someone new you would say: te quiero presentar a mi amigo Juan. introducir = insert presentar = introduce Once you’ve gotten more comfortable with speaking Spanish and perhaps even have some friends with whom to practice, you’ll start trying to tell more personal and day-to-day stories. Maybe you’ll walk into work and “realize you forgot something”. You won’t say realizé que había olvidado mi almuerzo en casa. Instead, you would say me di cuenta… realizar = carry out, achieve, accomplish darse cuenta = realize Imagine walking into a hardware store asking for clothes! That’s what would happen if you were use this false friend by mistake. Ropa sounds like rope, but actually means clothes. The word you’re looking for is cuerda. ropa = clothes cuerda = rope Maybe you’ve been walking along the street in a Spanish-speaking country and passed a beautiful shop window displaying a variety of colourful books. Although the sign says “Librería María”, this doesn’t mean it’s a library! Librería in Spanish is a bookstore while biblioteca is a library. librería = bookstore biblioteca = library As an English speaker visiting a Spanish-speaking country, you may have noticed while staying in a hotel that the usual “do not disturb” door hanger says no molestar. While it may be something to chuckle at, it’s a good way to learn a lesson and help you remember this vocabulary word. If you’re looking to translate the more serious “molest” into Spanish, you would say violar. molestar = bother, disturb, annoy violar = molest Do you now understand why knowing your cognates is important? They can either help you significantly on the one hand or make you sound like a lunatic to native speakers. Are there any false friends you were surprised to pick up during your learning journey? If you are hoping to improve your Spanish, you can always sign up for classes with Speakeasy Academy to strengthen your vocabulary in the heart of Barcelona.
There are approximately 140 000 species of higher fungi. Only 10% of mushroom-forming species are known, making them an enormous untapped pool of potentially useful substances. The use of mushrooms in human diet and medicine goes back a few centuries B.C. Their benefit to the human health was already recognized by the Chinese, which called mushrooms “The elixir of life”. On the other hand, poisonous mushrooms killed emperors and hallucinogenic mushrooms did the job for those who wanted to escape the reality. Ganoderma lucidum, also called Reishi is a well-known medicinal mushroom and one of the most effective source of medical compounds that derive from nature. (Photo by Erjavec J.) Ganoderma lucidum, also called Reishi is a well-known medicinal mushroom and one of the most effective source of medical compounds that derive from nature. Photo by Erjavec J. What is their secret? Fungi have very diverse “lifestyles”. They live as parasites, saprotrophs or form mycorrhizae. Besides that, they have to compete for resources and defend themselves against pathogenic and predatory organisms in their environment. This all results in the production of a wide range of bioactive substances. What do they actually offer? Smaller molecules, such triterpenoids and large molecules, such as polysaccharides, are already being used in medicine. Mushroom proteins on the other hand have so far been limited to very few applications. The studies of mushroom biologically active proteins revealed extraordinary potential for their use in biotechnology, medicine and agriculture (1). However they are still relatively unexplored which is confirmed by the fact that approximately 60% of the 260 commercialized enzymes originate from fungi but only five originate from higher fungi (2). Killing the bacteria In our latest research of 150 mushroom protein extracts we have identified 15 extracts with strong and medium antibacterial activity against several bacterial species; Ralstonia solanacearum which causes approx. $1 billion in crop loss worldwide, Ralstonia mannitolilitytica which is responsible for numerous hospital infections and Escherichia coli which causes severe diseases in humans (3). The level of inhibition varied and the extract that inhibited both Ralstonia species, did not necessary inhibit E. coli. Higher fungi that form mycorrhizae less often possess strong antibacterial substances. That is simply because they don’t have to fight for their food. Photo by Erjavec J. This indicates that the inhibition mechanism is not limited to the gram negative structure of the membrane. The study of these mechanisms can show us a step further on how to overcome the on-going battle of antibiotic resistances. Moreover, extracts were also effective in slowing the disease progression in plants infected with R. solanacearum which opens new possibilities on how to prevent and treat these infections. With next generation sequencing and novel tools in systems biology, mushrooms should be taken into consideration when looking for powerful, natural and consumer friendly, biologically active proteins suitable for applications in the fields of biotechnology, medicine and agriculture. Jana Erjavec, PhD, BioSistemika LLC 1. Erjavec, J., Kos, J., Ravnikar, M., Dreo, T., Sabotic, J. 2012. Proteins of higher fungi – from forest to application. Trends in Biotechnology, 30 (5): 259-273. 2. Østergaard, L.H. and Olsen, H.S. 2010. Industrial applications of fungal enzymes, In: The Mycota X Industrial Applications (2nd edn) (Hofrichter, M., ed.), pp. 269–290, Springer-Verlag 3. Erjavec, J., Ravnikar, M., Brzin J., Grebenc T., Blejec A., Želko Gosak M., Sabotič, J, Kos J., Dreo T. 2016. Antibacterial Activity of Wild Mushroom Extracts on Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Plant Disease, 100 (2): 453-464.
The Rapidian Neighbors reflect on history of mining, dumps on Westside Local Westsiders remember the gypsum mines and the Westside sinking due to wetland swamps being used as dumps. A view of the Westside from the John Ball Zoo. A view of the Westside from the John Ball Zoo. /John Rothwell Underwriting support from: Map showing part of Grand Rapids' Westside Map showing part of Grand Rapids' Westside /John Rothwell Living on the westside of Grand Rapids has always had its own unique pride and challenges. There was a time before gentrification when many residents felt the westside was not important to the city. There was a time when the city used it as a dump that is a toxic site known as the former Butterworth Dump. It was also a time when mining underground for gypsum was felt and heard. “When my dad grew up John Ball Park was a swap area,” long-time Westsider Phyllis Burke said. “It’s all filled in now, I can't dig in my yard without coming up with debris and rocks.” Many proud Westsiders still remember the days when gypsum mining was a strong business. “Everyday after school we could hear and feel the blasts,” said Maryanne Myles McIntyre on the We are Westsiders Facebook group. Marjorie Womble said the same thing in her interview, “When we first moved in, in 1961 when my parents bought the house you could hear the blasting and feel a little bit." Still others can remember relatives working in the mines such as sisters Burke and Womble did. They had two uncles that worked in the mines. “It was a very dirty job. My one uncle was living with our parents and he would come home and just be white [from the gypsum] so my mom would have to wash his clothes everyday,” said Burke. Womble added, “If you were to drive out Butterworth Road it would look as if it had snowed because all the gypsum dust was in the air and had settled on everything and anything that was there.” During our interview both sisters felt that the Westside was never important to the city. “It irritates me know that they keep moving the borders of the city. Everyone has lost the concept of what a downtown is, that's what the concern is,” said Burke. “They are building on top of a filled in swamp.” “I remember many years ago, perhaps twenty or thirty, there was a large hole right on Butterworth Street. I'm not sure but I think a car almost ran into it or maybe did,” Betty Bartlett noted on the We are Westsiders Facebook group. Julie Rathsack added, “That was directly next door to my uncle's house and across the street from my grandparents. Across the street from 262 Garfield. To this day, there's nothing but an open field there. One day, while playing football over there in the 1980's, my brother's entire leg was swallowed up into a hole. After that, we weren't allowed to play there.” The house located at 269 Garfield SW did sink on September 27, 1965. Are there other areas of the Westside in danger of sinking? This is the second article in a series exploring what it means to have an extensive network of mines and filled in wetlands in the same area a lot of new business development is taking place on the Westside. We need your help. Please support The Rapidian and make a contribution today.
This exhibition, conceived as a testimony, was inspired by the will to illustrate the great historical facts that occurred in Champagne and to tell the less known events which enable it to victoriously overcome those conflicts. Visits & Tastings The Cité du Champagne offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the global conflicts which hurt the Marne, with a special focus on the town of Aÿ and Epernay. The exhibition focuses on 4 themes dealing each with both world wars: - Wars and the Marne: an exhibition about military achievements and the Great battles of the Marne. - Women, vineyards and Champagne: a tribute to women, to their important role in the vineyards, alongside the soldiers and in daily life. - Worldwide soldiers: along with French soldiers, these fighters enhance the extent of the conflict. - Peace and Victory: following destructions and occupation, the region arises and starts its reconstruction. The tour ends with one or several tasting(s) of Champagne Collet. Semi-guided tour - Approximate duration : 45min Interested in this activity? You may also like Why book with Wine Paths?
Clots lead to TROUBLE Most strokes and heart attacks have something in common – CLclotOTS. Normally blood whooshes right through veins and arteries with nothing blocking the way. The blood carries oxygen to all of the parts of the body to provide energy to keep everything functioning properly. Sometimes a fatty diet and genes/family history and some medical conditions lead to fibrin (a protein in the blood) and fat lining the edges of the veins and arteries. Some of this can happen with no real danger. Then other times, something occurs that takes that fat and fibrin and knocks out a chunk of artery lining or makes the surface rough. This allows platelets (a component of the blood) and fibrin to stick to the rough/injured area. As these continue to stick, the blood goes through a more and more narrow passage. Eventually, blood flow is completely blocked. When this happens in the brain, a stroke results. When this happens in the arteries providing blood to the heart, a heart attack happens. When this happens in the legs, it is called deep vein thrombosis. When it happens in the lungs it is a pulmonary embolus. What can you do to prevent these clots? There are several key things: • Stop smoking if you smoke • Exercise regularly • Lose weight if you are overweight • Avoid sitting for long periods of time (even if you travel, take breaks to move around) • After surgery or being sick in bed, get up and move as soon as possible and move frequently. • Lower high blood pressure • Eat a heart healthy diet Take control of your future and make these positive changes so you can avoid clots. For more information, contact Biblical Application A clot often starts with some little thing going wrong. Either a tiny piece breaks off the fat lining of the artery or something roughs up the edge a bit. Then that small negative event grows and grows and grows until a major life-threatening event occurs. How often does this happen in life and relationships? Someone says something that hurts your feelings. It might be deliberate or a result of poor social skills or completely unintended. But, you take offense. Then, you start thinking about the words and you get more angry. Then you start recounting any other thing that person has ever done that could be interpreted negatively. Then you start watching this person and interpreting anything they say or do negatively. Maybe you even bring in other people to support your interpretation of the hurtful statement. The next thing you know, that relationship stops receiving any sustaining positive input. It completely dies. Everyone walks away hurt. Have you ever said or done something hurtful completely by accident? I recently was talking with a friend who plans to disown any relationships that didn’t reach out to support her when she lost a dear family member. I understand the hurt, especially at such a tender time. Did all of those people who didn’t reach out intend to hurt her? Or, was a mistake made? Did they not know how important that support could be? Did they not know how to support? I’m not making excuses. I’m extending grace. Ephesians 2:8-9 ESV Ephesians 4:32 ESV James 1:19-20 ESV Let’s all try to keep our focus on love, forgiveness, and grace to bring out the best in each other. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Soils are a really important foundation of what plants and animals will be found in an area and provide a great way to study a lot of different elements of the curriculum, The science of soils provide a range of activities that can be conducted in the school ground and invertbrates and soil organisms, soil profiles, nutrition, chemistry and activities to improve soils for gardens or other projects are all things that can be extended into many areas of the school curriculum. The soils for life website is a good resource for infomration. A field Guide for Top End
The Beijing Spring () refers to a brief period of political liberalization during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It began as the Democracy Wall movement in Beijing, which occurred in 1978 and 1979, right after the end of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The name is derived from "Prague Spring", an analogous event which occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1968. During the Beijing Spring, the general public was allowed greater freedom to criticize the government than the Chinese people had previously been allowed under the government of the People's Republic of China. Most of this criticism was directed towards the Cultural Revolution and the government's behavior during that time. It was made public with the Democracy Wall Movement, a Chinese democracy movement. The phrase "Beijing Spring" was also used during a more recent period of political thaw in the PRC, September 1997 to mid November 1998. During this 'new Beijing Spring' the Chinese authorities relaxed some control over political expression and organisation. The relatively trouble-free British Hong Kong handover to China, and the death of Deng Xiaoping in early 1997, were precursors to this brief period of liberalisation. It was during this second "Beijing Spring" that the China Democracy Party was founded and legally registered by some local authorities. The Democracy Wall Movement dissident Wei Jingsheng was released and exiled, China signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and China was visited by US President Bill Clinton and UN Human Rights Commissioner Mary Robinson at this time. By the end of 1998 the government had again cracked down on leading dissidents and those involved in the fledgling opposition Chinese Democracy Party. See also * Democracy Wall Wei Jingsheng Scar literature Tiananmen Incident External links "Beijing Spring" - Memories of the Chinese Democracy Movement 1978-1981 {{Authority control Category:Chinese democracy movements Category:1970s in Beijing Category:1990s in China Category:Cold War history of China Category:1977 in China Category:1978 in China Category:1997 in China Category:1998 in China Category:Cultural Revolution Category:1979 in China
in the translation of the MAALAN AARUM 3.1 Mound Land When the waves were calm in the land they left, the decent people lived together there in strong hollow houses with thick roofs 3.2 Freezing They lived where it snowed. They lived where it stormed. They lived where it was always winter. 3.3 Dream While still in their cold land They remembered longingly the mild weather, the many deer, and also foxes 3.4 Split The poor, lonely, but tough men became hunters and left those living in strong houses. 3.5 Mighty Hunters Separated from home like breasts on the same body the hunters became tougher extremely good and they reached for the sky. Maalan Aarum Algonquin Old Norse del sinewo ei-ow tschitennessin ei-ow tokchooaesit ei-ow chekee poh (dulheu) shinau eiga standadha eiga taa-skyya sit (eiga) allr fraegi sit eiga sterkr dair (sin aa) Arrow Arrow the stongest the most united the purest were the hunters ? no recorded words? left pointing arrow original English right pointing arrow of Old Norse he hardened he (reached) to the sky (he was) extremely good he had (violent) strength breast (separate like) (All references are to Sherwin’s eight volumes of the Viking and the Red Man) Original English the strongest Recorded sounds eluwi- chitanesit 1* Algonquin words ei-ow tschitennessin v. 1 p. 45 & v. 6 p. 135 Old Norse eiga standadha 2* Norse/English he has hardened Original English the most united Recorded sounds Eluwi tak auwe sit 1* Algonquin words ei-ow tok chooae sit v. 1 p. 45 & v. 1 p. 203 Old Norse eiga taa-skyya sit 3* Norse/English he (reaches) to the sky Original English the purest Recorded sounds Elowi chik sit 1* Algonquin words eluwi wulik sit v. 1 p. 45 & v. 6 p. 27 Old Norse (eiga) allr fraegi sit 4* Norse/English (he became) extremely good Original English Were the hunters Recorded sounds elowi chick 1* Algonquin words ei-ow chekee v. 1 p. 45 & v. 5 p. 25 Old Norse eiga sterkr Norse/English he had (violent) strength 5* Original English ? no recorded words? Recorded sounds del sinewo Algonquin words (poh) dulheu (shinau) v. 6, p. 102 & v. 7 p. 18 Old Norse dair sin aa?) 6* Norse/English breast (separate like) back to top 1* Howe, a translator, wrote: “Eiow (possessive), He has it.” Sherwin wrote, “Old Norse ‘eiga’ is pronounced very much like the English ‘aya.’” 2* See Chintanes-sin in Walam Olum Chap. 3 verse 4. 3* “Sit” is the Old Norse reflexive pronoun used to indicate the person who receives the benefits. The correct use of the reflexive pronouns “sin,” “sit,” and “sik” through out the Maalan Aarum is very strong evidence the original creators were speaking Old Norse. 4* The Old Norse owrd “allr”, compared to the surrounding “eluwi” words and the syllables “eluwi” in the Algonquin phrase implies that the Old Norse phrase “eiga fraegi sit” may have started as “He was good” and then became an idiom meaning he was “extremely good.” The latter meaning may have been in use when the Maalan Aarumwas created. Even today in some Indian communities of Oklahoma the highest praise, in English, rarely given to a white face is “You done good.” Sherwin, who may have not have known the idiom, may have attempted to choose literal Old Norse words to fit the meaning of idiom and selected “allr.” 5* The original English and the Old Norse English differ on this verse. Maybe the Historian knew the correct concept of violent strength but had difficulty explaining it to the Recorder. Perhaps both knew the word as an idiom for hunters. Hunters are often violently strong. 6* This Maalan Aarum word seems out of place with the description of the hunters in the rest of the verse. An early Memorizer or the Historian may have added this word as an afterthought because he may have been concerned that the concept of separating had not stressed enough in translation of the previous verse. “Dair.” an Icelandic word, meant, “breast.” “Dulheu,” came from the Lenape tribes who may have migrated from Greenland. “Pohsinau,” an east coast Algonquin word, meant “breast” and also “divided like breasts.” Sherwin proposed that “pohsinau” morphed from Old Norse “bresta,” but the transition is difficult to believe in this case. “Poh” more likely morphed from the original Icelandic “dair,” which may have also morphed into the modern Norwegian “parre,” which may be an earlier word for the English “pair.” “Dair sin aa,” which might have been an idiom meaning, “divided like my breasts they went away.” The idiom may be closer to the original meaning of the Walam Olum word. The Historian is likely to have known the idiom, but the Recorder may have learned only the literal meaning (“breasts”) for “Dair” and could not understand the Historian’s hand gestures for “separate like breasts.” Either way, if the Recorder wrote down “breasts” or “separate like breasts,” the Editor probably scratched the English translation out because the word(s) looked out of context. back to top 3.6 Explored All The hunters camped in the north, east, south and west. 3.7 Mound Man The man, who ruled in that old, northern land that they all left, was baptized to be pure. 3.8 Soccers The discouraged people were worried about worn out land they had to abandon. The priest said, "We decent people should go somewhere else." 3.9 Akomen The common people in the east stole away the brothers abandoned all with great discouragement and again discouragement 3.10 Driven In a short while the weeping, weak, dirty. needy (people from) the burnt land saved themselves and rested on the other side 3.11 Free Men After moving down from the snowy land and discreetly leaving the cousins separated through out all the land 3.12 Open Water Where there was little pack ice in heaped ice with a lot of snow drifts, the white geese ruled and the white bear ruled 3.13 Rich Father Floating up the streams in their canoes, our fathers were rich. They were in the light when they were at these Islands. "Head Beaver and Big Bird said 'Let us go to Akomen'" 3.15 All Will Go All say they will go along, All who are free to go. 3.16North East Those of the north agreed. Those of the east agreed. Over the waters Over the frozen sea They went to enjoy it 3.17 Stone hard On the wonderful slippery water, On the stone hard water, all went On the great tidal sea, Over the [puckered pack ice] 3.18 Big Mob [I tell you it was a big mob] In the darkness, all in one darkness To Akomen, to the [west], In the darkness They walk and walk, all of them 3.19 men The men from the north, the east, the south, The eagle clan, the beaver clan the wolf clan, The best men, the rich men, the head men Those with wives, Those with daughters, Those with dogs 3.20 They All Come They all come. They tarry at the land Of the spruce pines, Those from the east Some with hesitation. Esteeming highly their Old home at the mound land
About Seesaw Sign Up Teachers, save “Colourful Semantics There's a Hippopotam…” to assign it to your class. Rachel Mason Student Instructions Colourful Semantics There's a Hippopotamus on Our Roof Eating Cake Create a sentence about each photo! 1. Click add 2. Click move to move the correct images on to the matching coloured box at the bottom of the page to make a sentence. 3. OPTIONAL Click highlighter to highlight the connecting words between the coloured boxes to complete your sentence. **NOTE: there are 4 pages to complete. 4. Click check when you are finished. 1st Grade, 2nd Grade, Special Education, Reading, Writing 167 teachers like this Students will edit this template:
Monday, April 13, 2020 Talk to Sailors! There's an interesting article in the Times today about research into the Viking Tune ship, above, in the Oslo Museum (as visited on my way up to Svalbard). Apparently recently it has been identified was an especially fast vessel, with significantly larger rig than would be expected for its length, and particularly sea-worthy. However, as the article puts it: Norwegian archaeologists had missed the significance of the boat because “they didn’t actually talk to people who knew boats and ships”. In contrast, [Dr Paasche] sails and is in touch with traditional Norwegian boatbuilders. They should have talked to the sailors! I have thought that before. Archaeologists seem obsessed in seeing religious significance in everything - no doubt future archaeologists will write articles about the religions of London involving worshipping of the gods Arsenal, Chelsea, Fulham and all. So when they find evidence of a causeway near Vauxhall into the Thames of course its a religious site. The fact that the location is the highest point that the Thames was tidal (at the time) and hence could alternatively be a trading site, where boats would be able to take produce up and down is ignored. The role of trade in driving humanities history of the oceans is the subject of the book "The Boundless Sea" by David Abulafia which is in my to-read pile of books, though it is dauntingly fat, heavy, long (over a 1,000 pages) and uses a small font. Archaeologists aren't the only ones who don't seem to get sailing. I remember seeing this painting of a wave by August Strindberg at the Tate Exhibition on that artist: In the blub around this painting, called "The Wave" (obv.) the museum described the fear the wave brings. But to me it reminds me of sailing offshore where the wave, if coming from astern, means in a few seconds time the yacht will be surfing down its edge. So the emotions are (also) anticipation and excitement at the thrill to come. Given one of the Strindberg's themes is the creative process, those emotions are as important if not more so than fear. I'm guessing the museum curators are not sailors, and have not surfed a yacht down waves like those. But Strindberg would have, as he travelled a lot by boat across the Stockholm archipelago. The Tate too should have talked to some sailors. Friday, April 03, 2020 The serene Thames The Thames is serene and quiet. Water is flat and reflections are sharp. The only sounds are the cries of seagulls and squawks of coots. Due to the lock-down, all sorts of traffic on the tidal Thames in London has been cancelled. There are no Thames Clippers, zooming up and down, the Thames Tideway Tunnel has stopped drilling (at least in my local site) and pleasure boats are recommended not to venture out (see PLA advice above). I have seen a couple of kayakers but I've noticed they have been stopped by the PLA. Not sure what has been said (too far away) but I'm guessing its on the lines of the message above: don't put yourself or the lifeboat crews at risk. This is really not a good time to require a trip to A&E.
What Are The Components of a CBD? Since ancient times, communities survive through activities that produce food and basic needs. When certain products are lacking, people have sought out other communities to obtain these products. Often times, these trading/business activities are done in specific locations such as a market place or a main street in a town. Over time, this location becomes known as a meeting place for barter and business activities. As time passes by, permanent structures would be built in these locations. Aside from the basic trading, business establishments such as food and refreshments, delivery services could be set up. Eventually, many other services to cater to the needs of travellers and business people would also rise up. Perhaps, even housing will follow. This is the precursor of what is now known as a “central business district”. Today, the CBD in essence represents the major financial image of a city. This is where most businesses would locate their offices and where banks would set up their main headquarters if not their biggest branches. It is likely a center for transportation and communication as well. Since people would travel to and from the place, modern thoroughfares with complete transportation facilities are likely to be found here too. State of the art communication centers would need to be present for faster and easier access to the world. Shopping malls are likely to be located in the area to cater to needs of businessmen and employees alike. The best and most popular restaurants would make their presence known as well. After all, everyone needs to eat to get through a busy day. Power lunches or meetings could be held over lunches/dinners while business dealings are made or broken. Because of the trend in today’s society to have everything at one’s fingertips, recreational activities such as movie theatres and art galleries may also be found in these places. Gyms and fitness centers to cater to the needs of people would be present as well. Access to modern health facilities and emergency centers such as hospitals would also be important and more often than not, these will be the most modern and complete facilities with highly qualified practitioners manning them. Tall buildings or skyscrapers would make up most of the structures in these locations with many of them becoming a mix of residential/commercial purposes. With so many modern conveniences nearby, it is no wonder that active and forward thinking people would want to have their own place in these locations which is commonly known as the downtown area of major cities.
How King Charles II's Health Problems Plunged Europe Into War • He could barely eat because of his disfigured jaw. He suffered from rickets, hallucinations, and an oversized head. He was impotent and infertile. Charles II of Spain, king of one of the largest empires in the world, was barely able to talk or walk - all because his dynasty was so inbred. Royal inbreeding caused mutations and birth defects that could be even worse than the already estimable genetic mutations from incest. In fact, Charles II of Spain's inbred birth made him more inbred than the children born of a union between brother and sister. And that's what ultimately explains Charles II of Spain's cause of death: by 35 all his hair fell out and he could barely walk, and before he turned 39 he died without an heir, plunging Europe into a bloody war as various nations vied for his crown. • It's always been true, in nature genetic inferiority breeds mental superiority and this is merely a mechanism of several, it's not because they were blessed
How to Write a Thesis Paper How to Write a Thesis Paper? Every day, we get many letters from students who ask us “how to write a thesis paper?” Thus, we decided to write this short article as a guide on writing a thesis paper. Let’s start with the fundamental aspect of writing: structure. Thesis paper is an academic type of writing and, therefore, it must follow the standard format requirements including the following: 1. Introduction: thesis paper should start with the introduction. Introduction is the first paragraph of your essay and it presents the reader with your topic, brief background information, importance of writing about this topic, and a thesis statement or the key idea of your thesis paper 2. Body: thesis paper should have at least three specific points supporting the main idea (thesis statement). To support the main idea, you need to conduct the sufficient research on your topic and identify at least several reliable books, articles, and websites that may help you develop your own ideas 3. Conclusion: conclusion section is the final paragraph of your thesis paper. In this part of your thesis paper, you need to summarize the ideas raised in the paper and rephrase the thesis statement. Did you achieve the goals set in the introduction? The final sentence should have unforgettable impression on the reader. If thesis paper writing is a challenge for you, we offer a solution – professional thesis writing service! Try our individual custom writing services and you will get a well-written thesis paper on time! We do not miss deadlines and we hire only experienced writers! Whether you need an essay on traffic education or looking for tips on writing a psychology research paper on child development, we can assist you with any project you have to write! Thesis Paper Excerpt Herbert Spencer's extreme individualism and antistatism, and "social Darwinist" theory of all social "evolution" (identified with "progress"), glorifying the unmoderated competitive struggle among men and groups and societies as "nature's" method of producing progress through innovations, conflicts, and "survival of the fittest," had a wide vogue among the successful and especially conservative, conservative=liberal businessmen and other people in this period. But Spencer went, in these matters, to an extreme position far beyond the views of most economic-liberal economists, and his outlook must not be confused with theirs. How far "liberal" thought, within this same era, could diverge or differ from Spencer's variety is well shown by the example of the Oxford political philosopher, T. H. Green, a humane-idealist reformer who wanted the state to do a great deal, to create and maintain for all men the conditions--involving many restrictions of their "freedoms" in the simplest, ordinary meaning of the word--under which all would be enabled and helped to develop in themselves the good human characters that would make them "free," in a deeper sense, from the inner compulsions of their evil passions, and from the frustrations the unwise run into. But Green's interesting philosophy, also, had little relevance to or connection with the liberalisms of the era's liberal political economists. You also like:
Impact of technology in healthcare Impact of technology in healthcare Technology has a massive impact on healthcare. Massive is a word not even enough to describe it. From minimally invasive procedures to more access to the best health care programs and options, it can be overwhelming. So, we are going to go further into how technology was able to change the face of the healthcare system worldwide. And how it can still change in the near future. E- records E- records or electronic records present a more convenient method of gathering and storing information pertinent to the patient’s condition. From past medical interventions, allergies, contraindications, lab reports, to previous diagnoses, everything will be accounted for. Faster gathering of data Prior to the emergence of E-records, hospitals are already keeping medical records of their patients. But this can be a long and time-consuming effort. E- records will make the life of medical accountants easier. And it’s also easier to pull out records should the patient need immediate medical attention, especially if the patient is unconscious. Better collaboration It paves the way for easier and smoother collaboration between medical doctors, surgeons, nutritionists, nurses, and anesthesiologists. And this also reduces biases and limits human errors. In addition, it will also increase accountability since there will be a clear and complete record of who prescribed what. Thus, it reduces the occurrence of malpractice. There’s also improved collaboration between disciplines. And this is something that was rather difficult and challenging to establish in the past. Now, an integrated and comprehensive medical team can be formed seamlessly. And patients can have access to this. Thus, it results in better health care, particularly with those chronic diseases. Bulky data Technology allows doctors and clinicians to gather a huge amount of data pertinent to the patient’s condition, in less time. This is also very useful for clinicians and medical professionals who are undergoing epidemiological studies and researches. And with big data, it will allow doctors to give the best and most appropriate options for patients. It will also be able to determine risk factors better and faster. Thus, saving more lives. Lower health care cost With medical records being digitized, this results in a lower cost in healthcare services. Since there is less time involved in producing these data, patients can benefit from a more fair bill. Simpler workflow With the eradication of bulky papers, the workflow will now be simplified. And this will relieve stress from healthcare workers. Thus, they can focus more on the aspects of health care that matters the most. Makes medical record accessible to all patients Eons ago, when you wanted to request a medical record of a family member or for yourself, you had to wait for several days or even weeks. And you might not have access to everything that you want and need to see. With an electronic health record, even patients can easily gain access to their own medical records. Family members can also e-message their specialists to ask for relevant questions. It can also be used to schedule a medical appointment. Telemedicine or telehealth Telemedicine breaks the barriers of distance and proper healthcare. And this is specifically useful in rural areas where the local hospital is very far from the folks’ homes. Patients who live in rural areas and need regular consultations will also benefit the most from this advancement. Telehealth can also save more lives in patients who live several kilometers away and require urgent medical attention. It can also be useful for health care workers who live in far-flung areas. They can gain access to workshops, seminars, and be in the loop with the latest in the healthcare industry without having to travel far. In addition, it facilitates better monitoring, especially in chronic conditions, or when the patient cannot go to the hospital for regular consultations. It indeed overcomes the barrier of long-distance. Information technology The development in communication, collaboration, and information will lead to a more streamlined healthcare system. Clinicians and medical practitioners can compare a patient’s data with other patients who have the same symptoms. Thus, it will lead to a better and faster diagnosis. And it also paved the way for medical tourism too. So patients can consult with experts and specialists who are located miles away. Online education Professionals who desire to obtain degrees in the healthcare industry need not leave their homes. With the birth of online education, they can enroll, study, and finish a course online. They will get a degree without having to step foot in school. This opens a lot of doors to people who are passionate about pursuing a degree in healthcare but don’t have the time to do so. Now they can conveniently study at home and in their own time. Mobile health checkups Mobile health apps enable people to monitor their own health and manage their wellness. These apps will encourage patients to push through with a consultation should they feel that something is not quite going right. To date, there are over 90,000 health apps in online marketing that you can download. A health app can be relevant to a specific condition. Or it can cater to general wellbeing. There are also apps that let you type symptoms that you’re experiencing, then it will give you an array of the possible causes. So it could also prompt you to seek medical advice once you see a list of possible diseases that can be associated with what you’re feeling. Thus, it paves the way for early diagnosis. Apart from patients, medical practitioners will also benefit from health mobile apps. It can help them monitor the symptoms of their patients better. And there are areas where mobile apps are extremely useful -care management, diagnostic, and mental health. Weight and fitness plans are more accessible for everybody While nothing beats a personalized nutrition and exercise plan, health apps can provide general information for those who are trying to lead a healthy lifestyle. There are apps that can track your food intake and recommend an exercise that you can do at home. It also lets you track your own progress. And obesity is a huge concern and one of the leading causes of death and other diseases. And some people are just shy to consult a nutritionist and a fitness professional. So this can benefit them the most. Better disease control The development of software programs was able to classify illnesses and their symptoms and causes. Thus, it will allow medical practitioners to utilize these data so that they can treat a disease at its earliest stage, or even before the disease establishes itself. Faster and more efficient diagnosis Clinicians can hugely benefit from technology. Instead of hovering through thick medical books, they can gain quick access to medical journals and other references. This reduces the time spent on research, specifically in drug to drug interactions and contraindications. Thus, doctors would be able to give a faster and more accurate diagnosis. Faster claim adjudication and payment processing What used to take weeks to process will only take a few minutes. With online eligibility verification and electronic remittances, among others, payment processing is speedier by ten folds. The emergence of value-based care This will be a big trend in the coming years. Value-based care means that doctors and specialists will be paid based on the value that they provide to their patients. And it won’t be based on how many patients have consulted them in a day. This trend is rather refreshing. And it focuses on quality patient care over the number of patients. So all of us can hope for better healthcare since doctors will also strive to do so. It’s going to be a double incentive for the specialists as well. They were able to fulfill the Hippocrates oath, at the same time, they can get bigger compensation. Are there any negative impacts? Digitalization comes at a rather speedy train. So there could be some bumps along the way such as: • Physicians who aren’t accustomed to intuitive smartphones and gadgets often get frustrated when they encounter a non user-friendly interface. • The danger of cut + paste phenomena in Electronic data gathering is a reality. It’s true that these are possibilities in a digitized health care system. But this can be eradicated with proper planning and allocating a budget for research to determine what system helps and what doesn’t. Finals say Technology may have bad effects on health. From digital eye strain, musculoskeletal problems to problems in sleeping, this is the price of convenience. Albeit these negative effects, there are more beneficial ones when it comes to the healthcare system. And the benefits are massive and can mean better healthcare for everyone. Besides, the lack of discipline is the primary cause of the cons that mentioned above. You don’t necessarily have to blame technology for it.
Facts About Deburring Being aware of different deburring techniques can boost the bottom line for your company. Whether your business operates in a manufacturing environment or industrial setting the productivity of your operation depends upon both the quality and safety of your machinery. If a moving part catches due to a notch or other imperfection catching your company may pay dearly. When work stops, sales stop too. In addition, malfunctions can cause serious injury or even death in extreme cases. The amount of money paid out to injured employees and the negativity publicity generated through such an accident stresses the importance of operating only quality machinery. What Is Deburring? Deburring is a method used in manufacturing and industrial settings to mold metals. Metal which needs to be sheared, slit, trimmed, cast, molded or welded into a specific size of shape is often subject to imperfections like protrusions or rough edges. These burrs can be effectively removed by a deburring machine. You can use sanding, abrasive cloths or abrasives substances to remove burrs efficiently. Manual sanding by hand may remove less stubborn burrs but you may need to use a sanding machine to address a larger, more difficult to remove imperfection. Alternative Methods Leveling off nicks and fragments can be achieved by using a grinder or engaging in repetitive filing to create a smooth surface. If shavings and burrs are found on metal edges polishing and deburring may be required to address this issue. To create a finished product you would need to smooth out each surface of the metal sheet through multiple methods if necessary. In order for industrial and manufacturing machine parts to function efficiently deburring is the preferred practice to remove any stubborn burrs. Productivity and safety are paramount in any manufacturing setting. Addressing any potential production issues and reducing the risk of injury helps creates an effective, safe work environment. Even the slightest notch on moving machinery can create a dangerous work environment as well as work stoppage. This is why deburring is such a critical aspect of running a productive industrial operation. Businesses can boost cash flow by ensuring that moving parts are working properly. Companies may save a small or large fortune by avoiding employee injuries and the subsequent payouts resulting from maintaining an unsafe work environment. Wood Deburring Wood can also be deburred to create a superior product. Shorn, ripped and cut wood can develop splinters, ships, shavings and other rough areas which need to be smoothed out. Rigorous filing and sanding are the two chief methods used to handle stubborn burrs. This can be accomplished manually for a less difficult job or by using a power sander for a heavy duty task. As an alternative you can use a router to handle wood which needs its rough edges smoothed. The Chief Benefit Wood and metal pieces need to be functional for manufacturing purposes. The quality of both metal and wood can improve the productivity of your business’ manufacturing process. Deburring is a cost effective means to improve both the productivity and safety of your operation.
(this is in the US and at a high school level) why don't we dedicate a day of the week each week to do a lab for math for exploration? I mean we already do that for Earth Science, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Examples of mathematics labs would be in applied math or math itself • Discovering numbers: constructing the real numbers (probably not by doing Dedekind cuts) • Pan balance problem = algebra • Proportional relationships (exploring a physics constant/application eg Hooke's Law) • Finding pi by measuring circular objects • Proof workshop • Working on a very very hard math problem or proof (e.g., volume of frustum or motion problems, $d=rt$) (The examples below are of beyond high school level, but I wanted to include them to show examples of ideas of what I thought would be good labs adjusted to the algebra level despite being of calculus and beyond level): • In calculus II, it would be something like: show that $\displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{(-x^2)} dx= \sqrt{\pi}.$ • Exploring l'hopital's rule. • 1 $\begingroup$ I do. We use swinging pendulums in precalculus throughout the year to record measurements when discussing sinusoids, parametric equations, and linear regression. $\endgroup$ – Andrew Apr 24 '19 at 5:28 • 4 $\begingroup$ Your question: "Why don't we do X" presumes "We don't do X." Maybe not in your "neck of the woods", but the suggestions you offer are in fact incorporated in secondary education curriculum in much of the US. $\endgroup$ – amWhy Apr 24 '19 at 12:23 • 2 $\begingroup$ When I taught high school geometry, we: - went outside and measured the heights of tall things with similar triangles (this project took a week for them to completely write up) - Designed and then built 3-d objects out of construction paper to "package" some item and computed the amount of packaging material needed (surface area) and the amount of wasted space inside the packages (volume). - Illustrated translations, rotations, and reflections by creating an animation in Scratch. Now, many of these activities just hit middle school standards, but my students were well below grade level.. $\endgroup$ – Opal E Apr 24 '19 at 17:22 • 1 $\begingroup$ My AP statistics students worked with the neighboring elective science class to create a 'research poster' with the science students designing experimental methods and materials, and the my students acting as statistical consultants to improve their study design and perform the final analysis. $\endgroup$ – Opal E Apr 24 '19 at 17:23 • 1 $\begingroup$ Physics, Earth Science, Chemistry and Biology are sciences. They are based on experiments; the words "theory" and "model" have a different meaning in science and in math. In science you do some experiments, you suggest a law that describe it... (or, more practically in schools, you introduce a law/a theory and do some experiment to verify it). $\endgroup$ – user5402 Apr 24 '19 at 19:11 Your Answer Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.
King Benjamin, Master of Language and Experiential Design Rhetorical Analysys of a Popular Book of Mormon Sermon King Benjamin was a very ruler who was very literate in the rhetoric of persuasion and unification. He inspired his people by utilizing his skills of language and preparation. He deliberately used these literary and experiential tools with the purpose of “giv(ing) (his) people a name, that thereby they (would) be distinguished above all the people which the Lord God hath brought out of the land of Jerusalem” (Mosiah 1:11) and to announce his resignation from the throne, saying in chapter two verse 29, “that I might declare unto you that I can no longer be your teacher, nor your king.” He shows his mastered literacy in public speaking through the stage upon which he speaks, the personal connection with the people he had meticulously nurtured over years of care, and by logically reminding everyone that he is the only source of knowledge and guidance who is capable of imparting unto them this saving The authority which king Benjamin holds is the first thing he clearly wants his people to know. Even before he began his discourse, the wise King Benjamin “caused a tower to be erected, that thereby his people might hear the words which he should speak unto them.” (Mosiah 2:7) Although the function of the tall tower given here is to simply expand the reach of his words, the subtext would also suggest that he constructed the podium so that all of the people there would see his power and greatness. If this were not the case, he wouldn’t trouble himself nor his people with the task of building the tower when he already had plans to have his words recorded, replicated, and distributed to all “those that were not under the sound of his voice, that they might also receive his words.” (Mosiah 2:8) He clearly and deliberately stands out from the crowd to show his dominance over the crowd He makes a point of his greatness and the dependency which his people have on him in verse nine, “saying: My brethren, all ye that have assembled yourselves together, you that can hear my words which I shall speak unto you this day; for I have not commanded you to come up hither to trifle with the words which I shall speak, but that you should hearken unto me, and open your ears that ye may hear, and your hearts that ye may understand, and your minds that the mysteries of God may be unfolded to your view.” (Mosiah 2:9, italics added) He commands them to listen to him specifically and not just “his words” or some other third person symbol of authority. No, it’s as if he is saying, “I am the prophet. I am your source of truth and guide unto salvation.” Not only does he establish his authority by the stage on which he prophesies and by the knowledge which he imparts, but he also proves his divine appointment as their king. He says that not only his father gave him the right and responsibility to rule but ultimately it was the King of Kings that called King Benjamin to his power. Chosen by people vs Consecrated by father vs suffered by lord I this one verse, King Benjamin lists three ways by which he has the authority to ruler over them. He says he was “chosen” by them to be their King but it appears that he was placed upon the throne in the exact same way King Banjamin’s son is at the end of this sermon. I believe in this context “chosen” means that he found favor with the people and they accepted him. He also mentions that he was “consecrated by his father”, and “suffered by the hand of the Lord that (he) should be a ruler and a king over this people”. To be consecrated means to be ordained to a sacred office. It shows that when King Benjamin became King there was some sort of ordinance and the transfer of power was without conflict. His father may have deliberately given him the power but God did not. King Benjamin is careful to say that he “was suffered” by the Lord to be in that position meaning that the Lord didn’t necessarily put him there, but He did allow him to be there. To suffer may also mean that he experienced many difficult things which prepared him to rule the kingdom. This may lead the audience to believe that because God has given the King so many trials and challenges than he must be qualified for the job. We are quick to accredit the head of state when a nation prospers. One of the first things we learn when the discourse begins is of the prosperous state of the audience. The text indicates that the people “had multiplied exceedingly and waxed great in the land.” Mosiah 2:2) A booming economy is the ideal characteristic sought after by Kings and Presidents alike. As is the case in the United States, government officials will take credit for any increase in size or production of the economy and will blame all setbacks on the person who made the decisions before them. It’s rare to have a case in which the actual catalytical leader is known. However, this is the case as presented by the scriptures. King Benjamin has been in control for a significant amount of time and everyone is represented is if they all agree that their King’s reign has been nothing but beneficial. In this instance, this may not be ethos deliberately used by king Benjamin to persuade his people, but it sure is written to convince us that he is a good leader who knows what is best. We have no evidence that would lead us to believe that King Benjamin is anything but a perfect leader. Although he is the head of state and he stands high upon a tower, King Benjamin attempts to make himself equal, or on the same level as his people. This is a significant characteristic of King Benjamin which is a literary device to develop empathy for him as a leader. The architype hitherto framed has been one of a dominating, omniscient ruler. Because of this, his commitment to compassion and service comes as a shock. It breaks the mold of what we know about Kings and almost instantly communicates to us, the audience, that this must be a King loved by all his people. It never says that in the text but we immediately relate and are attracted to the goodness of King Benjamin even though he has been developed very little as a character in the narrative up until this point. Disclaiming that he is “subject to all manner of infirmities in body and mind” (Mosiah 2:11) seems to be a trademark of a politician. He presents himself as wise, powerful, caring, and flawless; but in the case of a mistake he establishes this clause as a scapegoat from all judgment. It is refreshing to know that one who so many people likely hold on a pedestal in reality is human too but the way that he chooses to say he is like them too doesn’t quite fit the rest of his message. It’s as if he is above human nature and only adds this as a way of connecting more to his audience. He doesn’t pretend to be ignorant to his Kingship, that would pluto his authority which he carefully constructed through his ethos. Instead, he acknowledges that it is not common for one of his stature to be interacting and laboring with the poor as he does. Yes, there is a sense of flauntiness emanated from King Benjamin, a self-righteousness and “be-like-me” type of personality. I think that may be why he transitions his prose to a more logical explanation. If and then. “If ye would keep his commandments ye should prosper in the land; and he never doth vary from that which he hath said; therefore, if ye do keep his commandments he doth bless you and prosper you.” (Mosiah 2:22) Alright, so now the protagonist in question makes his position absolutely clear. Verses 18 and 22 are presented as the indisputable truths, as if nobody would dare to disagree with them. King Benjamin relies on self-evident truths and commonly held believes to further secure his arguments. In closing, the wise King Benjamin is wise because of his mastered use of language and presentation and not because he presented anything new or exciting. Everything was said before or common knowledge but thanks to the spectacle which he made out of his address, he was able to mesmerize the audience and persuade all of us to believe that he was the greatest leader of all time. His evidences for such claim were appealing and convincing and affirmed his position as one of the greatest rulers in of us the scriptures. Archetypical BYU business student. Practicing writing.
Lipid Cycle Cholesterol Lipid Cycle Cholesterol High cholesterol is the most typical source of cardiovascular disease. The prevention of heart problem is necessary to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and strokes. The treatments for high cholesterol entail drugs and also healthy way of life enhancements. The healthy and balanced lifestyle enhancements consist of a well balanced diet, regular physical activity, as well as weight control. Lipid Cycle Cholesterol Diet is the cornerstone of cholesterol control. There are a number of crucial foods to consider. Fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients and also fiber. Lean meats, fowl, fish, egg whites, and milk products are all wonderful selections. On top of that, fruits and vegetables have nearly two-thirds of their calories, so a healthy diet regimen can assist maintain triglycerides in check. Lipid Cycle Cholesterol Lipid Cycle Cholesterol Lipid Cycle CholesterolDiet plans that are reduced in saturated fat as well as cholesterol, high in fiber, and reduced in salt are the very best choices for a healthy and balanced diet plan. Decreasing cholesterol through diet alone can decrease the danger of cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery illness (CAD) as well as stroke. Individuals with high blood pressure must additionally make an initiative to maintain their high blood pressure reduced. High blood pressure increases the danger of developing cholesterol-related problems, so it needs to be regulated as well. Lipid Cycle Cholesterol Smoking cigarettes or using various other cigarette items has actually been received countless research studies to increase LDL cholesterol degrees and also lower HDL cholesterol levels. This is why giving up cigarette smoking is so vital. Various other contributors to cholesterol consist of weight problems, physical lack of exercise, alcohol intake, as well as the visibility of other danger elements, such as diabetes mellitus, heart problem, and also cancer cells. Additionally, some drugs, consisting of anabolic steroids, have been shown to cause cholesterol. Every one of these factors to cholesterol are avoidable. It is not constantly easy to judge nutrition labels. Nutrition labels must note the quantity of hydrogenated fat, cholesterol, as well as fiber in the product. Several foods that taste terrific may really have high amounts of hydrogenated fat and also cholesterol, even if they classify their food as “fat totally free”. This results from the truth that numerous trans fats, generally utilized as a chemical in many foods, increase cholesterol degrees in the body. Fiber is not only helpful for you, however it minimizes the absorption of fat. A diet regimen high in fiber can substantially minimize the threat of establishing cardiovascular disease. Omega 3 fats are plentiful in fish, nuts, and also seeds. Taking fish oils, including oily fish such as tuna, salmon, as well as how, can aid lower LDL cholesterol. They can also assist lower high blood pressure and also might help to stop kind 2 diabetes mellitus as well as cancer. Other nuts, seeds, and also oils that can assist lower cholesterol are walnuts, canola, sunflower seeds, and also flax seed oil. If you smoke, reducing your cigarette consumption is an essential step towards reducing your high blood pressure and taking control of your cholesterol degrees. Cigarette smoking is one of the main danger elements for cardiovascular disease. If you integrate tobacco usage with reduced physical activity, you are setting on your own up for future wellness concerns. Exercise reduces your blood pressure as well as normal workout is an integral part of a healthy way of living. Even a small amount of regular physical activity can make a huge distinction in your overall health and wellness. Eating much more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, fish, fowl, as well as lean meats will maintain your heart healthy and balanced and decrease cholesterol while improving your general wellness. Reduced cholesterol is an essential part of a healthy and balanced way of living. By making simply a few lifestyle modifications, you can lower your cholesterol as well as decrease your risk for heart illness and other heart issues. If you are concerned regarding your cholesterol, consult your medical professional today as well as make some simple changes in your day-to-day diet that will have a favorable impact on your heart as well as your total health.
Today’s global landscape seems sadly bereft of respect, across all walks of life and in so many societies. Political correctness too often perverts respect; be it left or right politics or issues relating to gender, colour, creed, sexual preference, disability or nationality, among others. Self-righteousness and intolerance of individualism pertaining to lifestyle, behaviours or beliefs however harmless to self or others, permeates popular perspectives. Illustrated recently by French President Emmanuel Macron who rebuked a teenage boy for disrespecting his presidency by calling him “Manu” and for publicly promoting socialist politics perfidious to him, Macron then insisted on the address-“Mr President, or Sir. OK..? You’ve got to do things the right way,” according to media reports. Is respect for others intrinsic to our shared humanity irrespective of socio-economics and/or professional prestige? If not, should it be? Some people opine respect is assumed by authority, knowledge and expertise, even by race, religion or gender, presupposing a superiority conferred by status. Consequently, respect towards those not so blessed is distorted by self-deceiving delusions of importance; respect surpassed as irrelevant. Maybe that pervasive reality engenders the disquiet about disrespect so innate in the world now with millions of people ignorantly and illusorily believing respect in relationships is dependent on one’s appearance, one’s job, where one lives, what auto you drive and all other manner of material manifestations. Being a kind, decent human being is subordinate to success as defined by one’s bank account. Moreover, a tragic sequent of that belief system is people without those supposed symbols of success often have no self-respect either, shamed by social mores into feeling failures. The recent suicides of people both famous and with fortune invites reflection not just on the significance of respect for others as sentient humans, but the importance of nurturing self-respect with wealth and superficial success superfluous. Contextually all humans deserve respect; however sometimes respect becomes less warranted towards those who succumb to snobbish, spoiled and supercilious insincerity. Macron’s status, as he perceived it, subsumed a patronage of best practice; possibly disrespectful to the boy himself; shortly after pompously proposing respect has to be earned. Faith in self-respect and respect of others demands discerning differences in people to distinguish an implicit moral integrity that is richly rewarding for self and societies around the world. Leviticus 19:15 records respect as “You shall do no injustice in judgement, you shall not be partial to the poor nor defer to the great, but you are to judge your neighbour fairly.”
Fifty years ago, T.S. Eliot predicted the death of passion, poetry, fidelity and historical consciousness. Today, tragically, that prediction is coming true. As Christians, we need to recognize that fact and respond, in order to defend passion and challenge people to it. That sounds strange and it is. Passion has, at least so it seems, always been distrusted in religious circles and extolled in secular ones. Indeed, the secular world tended to claim passion as its own, as something irreligious, as the very force which is rebellious against religion and which, if responded to, frees one from the shackles of religion. Preachers, priests, spiritual writers, and church leaders tended to help this idea along. The church, it seemed, was forever lashing out against passion, pointing out its dangers and forbidding people to allow themselves to feel and enjoy the full emotional, psychological, and instinctual force of their eros. Passion was made to seem at odds with religion. How wrong we were! And, how wrong the secular world has discovered itself to be! There has been a strange and ironic reversal. Today, the secular world is trying to rid itself of all passion and the church is suddenly, much to its own surprise, finding itself in the novel position of having to defend passion. Why this turn of events? Because the secular world has discovered passion to be a very inconvenient thing. Passion, romance, poetry, aesthetics, all these things, challenge infidelity. Thus, our culture has begun to classify passion as it classifies other religious things, namely, as something medieval, the product of naïveté, as something which people need to be freed from. How deliciously ironic! The very force that it had so long claimed as uniquely its own, trumpeted as its victory, has, when given rein, proved to be an inconvenient embarrassment. Passion, in the end, is only for religious persons. Why? Because our world exalts a false kind of freedom. In our society today we are exhorted daily to hang loose, to run from involvement, to run away from anything that might tie us down. We are invited to live as “free spirits,” soaring, fulfilled, unencumbered. Passion and romance always spell death for that kind of freedom. Passion means involvement, attachment, surrender, a loss of control and freedom, commitment. If sustained, it means fidelity. For this reason, it is no accident that, for the most part, secular wisdom today considers passion in the same way it considers religion – as kid’s stuff, for the naive. Today, passion and romance are seen as things we need therapy from. In his astute and very disturbing book, The Triumph of the Therapeutic, Philip Rieff, a man who is no friend of religion, points out that in our present culture passion and romance are “archaic and dispensable.” They are what Freud calls “erotic illusions” and, as Rieff goes on to say, it is time we stopped organizing our personalities and our communities around them. Love and hatred, the products of passion, are, in his words, obsolete as organizing modes of personality. In a culture of contacts and infidelity, passion and romance are experienced as tyranny. Bottom line, today romantic love is considered a neurosis, a sickness or, at best, something for the very young or very naive, a hangover from former ages, as is religion. For this reason it is important that Christians and the Christian churches, rush to the defence of passion and romance. They are part of God’s fire in us, a great gift, to be channelled prudently it is true, but, nonetheless, to be ever perceived precisely as a gift from God. Today they are badly needed. They challenge infidelity. When T.S. Eliot predicted the death of poetry, passion, fidelity and historical consciousness, it is no accident that he placed all of these together. They flow from each other. Passion and poetry, when released and given, bond us to each other and to history in a way that makes infidelity and false freedom much more difficult. In a culture characterized by flightiness, lack of commitment, hanging loose, infidelity, cynicism and programmed boredom, we need fire, passion and romance. They, perhaps more than anything else, can help turn the tide and become the vaccine which immunizes us against the infectious bacteria set loose by the cynicism and infidelity of our age. The fire of passion comes from God. Eros is at the root of human soul and body. In the Hasidic tradition there is a famous parable about a man who wanted to be a blacksmith. So he bought a hammer, an anvil and bellows. But he could not bend any iron. There was no flame, no heat in his forge. He had everything except the thing he most needed – the spark, the fire, the heat that makes things malleable. In a world in which fidelity and historical consciousness are dying and being replace by infidelity and programmed boredom, in a world in which true romance and true sexuality are being replaced by schizophrenic sex and pornography, we need fire in the forge, passion and romance. Christians need to arise in the defence of eros.
Russia: Plan B In Ukraine July 12, 2014: In Ukraine the Russian backed Donbas separatists have suffered serious defeats in the last few weeks and are further weakened by internal disputes and less support from Russia. Ukrainian security forces have entered most rebel held areas and basically crippled Russian efforts to annex the Donbas. The two Ukrainian provinces (Donetsk and Luhansk) which comprise the Donbas are now mostly under government control. Donbas contains about nine percent of Ukrainian territory, 13 percent of the population and 15 percent of the GDP. Donbas is about 38 percent ethnic Russian. The two provinces comprise the Donets Basin (or “Donbas”) which was for a long time an economic powerhouse for Soviet Russia. But that began to decline in the 1980s and accelerated when the Soviet Union fell (and Ukraine became independent) in 1991. Ukraine wants to hold onto Donbas but needs foreign help to do so. Ukraine received diplomatic, economic and military aid from the West but the most important foreign aid was the economic pressure on Russia that causes a massive flight of foreign and Russian capital from Russia. The economic angle is important because Donbas residents (Ukrainians as well as ethnic Russians) are more concerned with the local economy than remaining part of Ukraine. Initial Russian success in Donbas was partly possible because two decades of corrupt and inept Ukrainian politicians have left the economy a mess and living standards lower than the rest of Eastern Europe and even Russia. Most Ukrainians want some economic progress and that means less corruption and more efficient government. Petro Poroshenko, the newly elected Ukrainian president is seen as honest and competent, but it remains to be seen if he can turn around enough corrupt government officials and politicians who currently run the government and economy. Poroshenko was sworn in on June 7th and Ukrainians expected him to show some results quickly otherwise the economic stagnation will continue and Donbas will be lost more to apathy than Russian aggression. Poroshenko’s efforts to deal with corruption and revive the national economy have gone forward but are still overshadowed by the Russian backed violence in Donbas. Poroshenko has shown he will not back down in the face of Russian threats and it is the Russians who have blinked, so far. Russian leaders were forced to pay attention to the capital flight (over $75 billion do far) because that has had a real and negative effect on the Russian economy. In addition Western nations are gradually severing Russian ties to the Western economy the Russian aggression unnerved many Russian investors and business leaders. Economic statistics for the year so far show the damage clearly. This financial panic makes it even more difficult for Russia to grow its economy and keep most Russians content with their increasingly authoritarian government. Economist expect more than $100 billion to leave Russia by the end of the year, and this cripples economic growth because that cash is not available to invest in new and existing businesses. As a result Russia has backed off on its support for the Donbas rebels but not completely abandoned them. Russia appears to have a “Plan B” for the Donbas that that includes keeping the rebels operational, even if at a very low level, so that by the end of the year, when the cold weather returns, Russia can uses its control over natural gas supplies for Ukraine to compel the Ukrainians to cede Donbas to Russia. This is a long shot but it is possible and Russia now trying to portray itself as the Good Guy and peacemaker. For the moment Russia is beaten, but not defeated. Ukraine has been fighting to keep Donbas and since April, when Ukrainian troops moved in and clashed with pro-Russian rebels. In three months of fighting over a thousand troops, police, civilians and rebels have died. The fighting has driven over 100,000 people from their homes and that could more than double as civilians flee the city of Donetsk. That could result in over 3 percent of the 6.6 million people in Donbas becoming refugees and that number could increase when the other rebel held city, Luhansk, is also besieged. Many of the Donbas refugees are ethnic Russians and they flee to Russia. This includes a growing number of former rebels who have quit their rebel organization in disgust or frustration at the recent decline in Russian support. Rebel morale is down and desertions (and sometimes surrenders to government forces) are up because the various rebel factions are arguing over what to do and who should be in charge. In the past Russia provided general guidance (and material support for that “guidance”) and the various rebel groups each did what they could to support the Russian plan. At the moment Russia no longer has a clear strategy for the Donbas rebellion, although that may change. And it is that hope that is keeping many of the remaining rebels fighting. Russian volunteers and some light weapons and ammo continue to cross the border into Donbas. But more substantial support requires Russian government cooperation and, for the moment, that cooperation has stopped. Some 90 percent of the pro-Russian rebels are ethnic Russians from Ukraine (mostly from Donbas, where the population is nearly 40 percent ethnic Russian). Unfortunately for the rebels, they do not have the support of most people in Donbas, not even most of the ethnic Russians. In one area Russian support for the Ukraine rebels continues. Russia still helps with the pro-rebel campaign on the Internet. This Information War type effort tries to convince people that what is going on in Donbas is not another Russian attempt to annex neighboring territory but a legitimate uprising against a tyrannical Ukrainian government. This Information War campaign is not having much success and is mainly appreciated by rebel supporters (in Ukraine, Russia and elsewhere) who have already made up their minds. The Cold War is returning in more ways than one. For example, the U.S. and Russia again dominate the arms exporting business and the two of them account for nearly sixty percent of weapons exports. While both nations compete for some of the same customers, each nation has areas where they do much of their business without serious competition. India and China account for half the Russian exports. The Arab Gulf States account for 45 percent of American export business. July 11, 2014: In Ukraine government forces are attacking rebels at the Donetsk International Airport. Donetsk is one of the last two major city in eastern Ukraine (the Donbas) held by the rebels. The other rebel held city is Luhansk and it is under air and artillery attack. July 10, 2014: In Ukraine pro-Russian rebels fired rockets at a government held border post on the Russian border, killing 23 Ukrainian troops and wounding about three times as many. Ukraine promised retaliation for this, the largest loss in one attack in Donbas so far. The casualties were caused by rockets brought in from Russia. Russia conducted the first successful use of Angara, its new satellite launcher. This is the first such new rocket developed since the Cold War ended and the Russian space program collapsed from lack of funding. In the last decade Russia has poured a lot more money into their space program and the Angara launch is another result. July 9, 2014: In Ukraine air force attacks on pro-Russian rebels in the Donbas left over fifty dead. Ukraine is using its air force to keep an eye on where the rebels are and then to bomb them. Russia has agreed to forgive 90 percent of the $35 billion (or more) owed to Russia by Cuba. All of this was Russian aid received from the 1960s to the early 1990s. This debt forgiveness is part of a Russian effort to improve relations with Cuba, which survived during the Cold War largely because of generous Russian subsidies (cash, oil and essential equipment). That all ended when the Soviet Union went bankrupt in 1991. Since then Cuba has become less communist, at least in terms of how their economy is run. China has become a major investor, but does not provide the massive freebies that Russia supplied during the Cold War. July 8, 2014: In Ukraine pro-Russian rebels fell back into the cities of Donetsk and Luhansk as government forces swept through the Donbas countryside chasing rebels out of many towns and villages. This led the rebels and West European nations to urge the Ukraine government to agree to another ceasefire. The Ukrainians pointed out that the rebels had used previous ceasefires as opportunities to increase their military strength, not sit down and seriously try to work out a permanent peace. So Ukraine is keeping the pressure on until Donbas is free of pro-Russian rebels. That could take a while because the cities of Donetsk and Luhansk have to be taken from the rebels and that must be done with minimal damage to the cities. Bombing and shelling the cities would only cause more locals to back the rebels. So the cities will be surrounded and, in effect, undergo siege. This can take time, but it might persuade the rebels to negotiate an end to it all. July 7, 2014: In Ukraine pro-Russian rebels have fled the city of Slaviansk and either deserted or headed for the city of Donetsk (100 kilometers to the south). Driving the rebels out of Slaviansk is the biggest victory yet for the government forces, which are now moving on to besiege Donetsk. July 4, 2014: In Ukraine the government said it would consider ceasefire negotiations if the rebels stopped fighting. Many rebels are interested in negotiations, but are concerned about amnesty and avoiding prosecution for death and destruction they inflicted since April. The rebels are also split by leadership and strategy disputes. Ukraine is finding that there does not seem to be a single rebel leader to deal with anymore. July 3, 2014: President Putin has called for new education efforts to indoctrinate Russian children to be more patriotic and to ignore foreign (mainly Western) influences. This is another attempt to revive Cold War era programs. The communist Soviet government spent a lot of time, money and effort on educating children to be pro-Soviet. It didn’t work then and is unlikely to work now. But this is the direction current Russian rulers want to take the country in. July 2, 2014: Three Russian Mi-28N helicopter gunships arrived in Iraq, delivered broken down in air transports. This is part of an Iraqi order for fifteen Mi-28Ns that is being accelerated. This speed is in the best interests of the manufacturer as well as Iraq as the Mi-28Ns would be immediately sent into combat against Islamic terrorists in northern and western Iraq. This would make the Mi-28N “combat tested” in a region where more export sales of the Mi-28N have been sought. Combat tested aircraft are always easier to sell. July 1, 2014: In Ukraine the ten day ceasefire came to an end as the government forces resumed their offensive against the Donbas rebels. Iran has flown three of their Su-25 ground attack into Iraq to join the five that arrived from Russia earlier. It appears that most of these eight aircraft are being flown by Iranian pilots and maintained by Iranian and Russian personnel. June 30, 2014: The new leader of Islamic terrorists in the Caucasus (Ali Abu Mukhammad, also known as Aliaskhab Kebekov) has released an hour-long video in which is urges his followers to reduce civilian casualties (especially Moslem women and children) and not fight to the death when cornered. This is an admission of defeat and a decision to switch tactics. Islamic terrorists in the Caucasus will still use suicide bombs and attack security forces and local officials at every opportunity, but the strategy is now more long term and focused on reducing losses among Islamic terrorists and building up public support. Most people in the Caucasus are unhappy with local governments, which are corrupt and pro-Russian. Before the Islamic terrorists can take leadership of that resentment they have to shed their reputation of being mindless butchers who kill lots of civilians without seeming to have any impact on the corrupt local governments. June 28, 2014: In Ukraine rebels in Donetsk released four OSCE (Organisation for Security and Co-operation) observers were taken prisoner in late May. June 27, 2014: Ukraine signed a free trade agreement with the European Union (EU). It was a Ukrainian effort to sign such a deal last November that led to the Russian campaign to seize Crimea (which succeeded in March) and Donbas (which seems to be failing.) Russia protested the new deal with the EU, to no effect. Georgia and Moldova signed similar deals, despite sinister warnings by Russia not to. Ukraine extended the ceasefire in Donbas 72 hours in the hope that the rebels would agree to serious peace negotiations and end their violence against Ukrainian soldiers and police in the Donbas. Some rebels want to make peace but the majority do not and these hardliners are responsible for the sniper and mortar fire against government forces during the week long ceasefire. June 25, 2014: NATO denounced Russia for continuing to support the Ukraine rebels after promising to withdraw such support. By the end of the month Russia had shut down most of that support, apparently because of the damage the Western economic sanctions were doing to the Russian economy. Russian media reported that one of the three remaining Russian satellites built to detect ICBM launches has failed. The failed satellite was an Oko-1 that was launched in 2012 and was supposed to last 5-7 years. Russia began launching the Oko-1 satellites in 1991 but only two of them have lasted more than five years. The Oko-1s are GTO (high stationary orbit) type satellites costing $45 million each and two are needed to provide worldwide coverage. The older satellites are in lower, non-stationary orbit and with only two of the pre-Oko-1 satellites left Russia can detect American ICBM launches for only about three hours a day. Russia is not completely blind as it is rebuilding its network of long range (over-the-horizon) radars. These provide less warning, and less time to decide what to do. Article Archive Help Keep Us Soaring Subscribe Contribute Close
Perfect Warm Up Protocol The importance of warmup Books devoted to physical training and general exercise in practically any sport all note how important it is to warm up before engaging in any significant physical activity. Although specific suggestions may vary from sport to sport, and the composition of specific types of training sets may vary as well, the importance of a proper warm up cannot be overestimated. Since Super Sport Systems provides daily workout protocols to its subscribers, we incorporate a warm up component into every daily workout. Sometimes we may even suggest different warm up scenarios to make it more entertaining and meaningful by combining the physiological requirements of warming up with some technical tasks. However, despite our suggestions, we frequently receive requests about the “best way” to warm up, and for how long. Dr. Natalia Verchoshasky, a well-respected sports scientist (and incidentally the daughter of Yuri Verchoshansky, renowned Russian specialist in sports training methodology), wrote an article devoted to the physiological requirements to warm up. Considering the fact that the focus of 3S is primarily on endurance sports, I took some freedom to re-phrase this article in application to the issues imposed by peak performance in endurance sports. But it should be absolutely clear that the underpinning physiological and neuromuscular principles of warm up remain practically the same regardless of the sport to which you are applying it. General Goals of Warmup It is a well-known fact that the process of preparing different physiological systems and neuromuscular reactions to strenuous physical exercise requires some time. Therefore, in sports the main goal of the warm up is usually associated with a need to increase an athlete’s ability to work at maximum level from the start of competition or training. In theory this task can be achieved though acceleration of global and local energy-supply mechanisms and neuromuscular coordination processes. In real life in order to achieve this desired effect, we need to understand the following components of a proper warm up: 1. Optimum duration of warm up period 2. Optimum intensity of training exercises 3. Optimum structure or composition of exercises used for warm up Generally, a proper warm up will lead to increased activity of the following functions and reactions: 1. Increased sensitivity of neuro centers responsible for support of: • breathing mechanism • oxygen transport systems • thermo regulation • cardio-respiratory regulation • motion control centers 2. Increased hormone production in response to stress caused by physical activity should also mobilize glycogen storage access and stimulate fast response time of heart, lungs and blood properties. All these effects combined with an increase in blood temperature, should also result in better oxygenation of tissues and working muscles. Once this stage is achieved, there is also a need to “test” the specific protocol for a given activity, since a new condition of the system requires reconfiguration of the neuromuscular responses. That is one of the reasons why the “warm up” component should precede any technical work. Moreover, the warm up period should consist of two components: general and specialized. It should also solve three consecutive tasks: • warm up the body • prepare neuromuscular apparatus • test specific locomotion at their peak level Specific Goals of Warmup Once we understand the general goals of warming up, we can search for answers related to the specifics of the warm up process. In real life we need to find practical answers to three main questions: • How long? • At what level of effort / speed? • In what sequence of specific sets / exercises? To answer these questions we may need to look at studies related to time and the effect of different warm up protocols. Please note that different sports may require different approaches. We also know that different types of athletes respond differently to warm up, since they may have different needs. However, in the majority of endurance sports where the duration of effort is longer then 2-4 minutes, the rules of warm up will be very similar from sport to sport. In fact, our study of the warm up effect on rowers and swimmers using our “standard” warm up is actually identical. Numerous studies related to the immediate reaction of the body to physical exercise suggests that athletes reach maximum power output and optimum neuromuscular coordination at body temperatures between 39 and 39.5 C (102.2-103.1 F). It is important to note that reaching this level of body temperature is only important when we need to perform in short, high intensity exercises. (We believe that all swimming and rowing events follow this rule). The studies of the effect of higher body temperature on the central nervous system suggests that the transmission speed of electrical impulses is also higher at higher temperatures. It is important to understand that the increase of body temperature needs to be achieved through internal activity. Passive methods (e.g. massage or ointments) do not produce the same results. The time necessary to achieve these suggested body temperatures varies in different sources, and is found to be between 10 and 30 minutes. What’s important here is finding the shortest time period needed to achieve the desired parameter. Based on that information, a warm up less than 10 minutes can hardly be effective. The last thing we need to consider is the selection of training sets for warm up. We’ve already discussed that one of our goals is to increase body temperature by executing some general work, and we have identified the minimum amount of time necessary to achieve the desired result. Now we have to include the specific component that will coordinate the functional or physiological systems with neuromuscular systems. “Perfect” Warmup Protocol By putting all these requirements together we can design a “perfect” pre-race warm up (actually the pre –training protocol may be slightly different depending on which daily sets are selected). We usually suggest the following as a “Standard 3S Warm Up”… 1. Start with an easy swim (Zone Ib) for at least 6-7 minutes (500-600 yards). How you break up that distance really doesn’t matter, as long you do not interrupt the work with long rest periods 2. Increase intensity to Zone Ia level and stay there another 4-5 minutes (300-400 yards, Zone Ia) 3. Take a short recovery if necessary, then execute 2-3 “slow” intervals of 100 yards at a pace equal to Zone II effort. By this time your heart rate should go up and stabilize. 4. Recover, then execute 3-4 25 yard sprints (~ 8-10 seconds of near-maximum effort) at race pace (or slightly slower (depending on your main distance event) The shorter the event, the slower is the relative race pace. 5. Slow down. You may continue with another 200-300 yards in zone Ia, depending on how close it is to your start time. You are READY now! As you can see, you total warm up distance is around 1500-2000 yards or 20-25 minutes. It is suggested that sprinters may respond better with a little longer warm up, while distance swimmers will have time to “catch up” during the race… Natalia Verchoshansky, Ph.D., Rome, Italy Sergei Beliaev, Ph.D., Richmond, USA Related Posts Leave a comment Sign up below to receive articles straight to your inbox
There are over 88 major mountain ranges in Kyrgyzstan, most of them forming the Tian Shan – the Celestial Mountains. The others, such as the Chon Alai Range in the south of the country, belong to the Pamir Mountains. Kyrgyzstan’s mountains effectively divide the country into a number of distinct regions. The two biggest regions are the northern and southern halves of Kyrgyzstan, united by one main road from Osh to Bishkek. Most of the ranges vary in length from 100 to 300 km (62 to 186 miles). The longest, Kakshaal, is 582 km (361 miles), and the Kyrgyz Range, which is to the south of Bishkek, is 454 km (282 miles) long. Most ranges are between 10 and 40 km (6 and 25 miles) wide. In Soviet times, many of these peaks were off-limits without passes, which were hard to get. Even now, when many restrictions have been eased, some places still require difficult border passes, making them difficult to reach. Though some peaks can be technically easy to climb, the weather can present unexpected difficulties. Heavy snowfall can hide crevasses and cause avalanches, both of which can be deadly. Mountaineers who can summit all five of the peaks in the former Soviet Union that are over 7,000 meters (22,965 feet) earn an award called the Snow Leopard. Two of these peaks are in Tajikistan, two are in Kyrgyzstan, and one (Peak Lenin) is on the border between the two. Since the award was started in Soviet times, over 600 climbers have achieved this distinction. The northern slopes of Kyrgyzstan’s mountains tend to be wooded, since the snow lasts longer without melting. The southern slopes benefit more from the warming effects of the sun’s rays, and so tend to be grasslands and summer pastures (jailoo).
The leaf and stem mines of British flies and other insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera) by Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds RHINANTHUS. Yellow-rattles. [Scrophulariaceae] Two species of Rhinanthus, Greater Yellow-rattle (R. angustifolius) and Yellow-rattle (R. minor) are recorded in Britain. Both are native. Greater Yellow-rattle (R. angustifolius) is protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. Two British miners are recorded on Rhinanthus. A key to the European miners recorded on Rhinanthus is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa. Yellow-rattle - Rhinanthus sp. Image: © Brian Pitkin Rhinanthus sp. Key for the identification of the known mines of British insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Rhinanthus 1a > Leaf-miner: Oviposition takes place in an upper leaf and a short mine is formed either in the leaf or stem, but the larva feeds primarily in the stem. Pupating in the stem (Spencer, 1976: 487 (fig. 857), 488). Short and narrow corridor in the leaves, bracts or even calyx, ending in a thick vein. From there the larva descends as a borer. Infested plants largely die off. Pupation and hibernation within the mine. On Odontites and Rhinanthus in Britain and Euphrasia, Melampyrum, Odontites and Rhinanthus elsewhere. Distribution in Britain unknown, added to the British list by Henshaw in Chandler, 1998. Widespread in continental Europe. Also recorded in Canada. Phytomyza rostrata Hering, 1934 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. 1b > Leaf-miner: Rather long full depth corridor that winds freely through the leaf and may cross itself. In the end the corridor widens considerably. Frass mostly in a narrow central line, but may also be deposited along the sides or be missing. The larvae regular leave a mine to restart elsewhere. Pupation outside the mine. Neither larva or mine can be distinguished from that of related species. Polyphagous. On numerous genera and species in several plant families, but not yet on Rhinanthus, in Britain and elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe. Apteropeda orbiculata (Marsham, 1802) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae].
Corneal resistance against bacteria The intact ocular cornea is resistant to the adhesion of microorganisms, which can cause various eye infections. This resistance is achieved through blinking of the eyes and the formation and production of tear film. If these mechanisms or cornea itself are compromised, the eye is then susceptible to bacterial infection. Back to dictionary
An implantable power source for nanorobots and pacemakers implanted beneath skin Scientists in China have created a laser-driven photovoltaic cell that can produce electrical power for nanobiodevices implanted beneath the skin. Wireless nanobiodevices, such as nanorobots and cardiac pacemakers, are currently limited in their applications by their requirement for power. Nanogenerators that convert mechanical energy into electrical power have been investigated, but the output power is too low for many medical nanobiodevices, and biofuel cells that use chemical energy to provide power are severely limited by the in vivo environment of the devices. Photovoltaic cells as a power source have previously been limited by low light conversion efficiencies and their lack of biocompatibility. However, Zhigang Chen of Donghua University, Shanghai, and colleagues have improved the conversion efficiency of their dye-sensitised solar cells such that, even through layers of skin, the laser light produces enough power for such devices. The team improved the cells’ efficiency and biocompatibility by changing two of the cells’ components – the rare earth nanophosphor (NaYF4:Yb,Er – the part responsible for converting low energy light to high energy light, known as up-conversion) and the electrolyte. ‘We improved the nanophosphors’ up-converting luminescence properties in a one-step synthesis,’ says Zhigang. They did this by increasing the amount of ligands on the nanophosphor’s surface, which decreased surface defects, and by increasing the reaction time, which led to the formation of nanorods. Both actions improved the luminescence efficiency. They found that the cell was almost twice as efficient as previous nanophosphors formed in two steps. Many components in photovoltaic cells are not biocompatible. One in particular is the organic liquid electrolyte because it can leak and evaporate. The liquid electrolyte can be replaced by a solid electrolyte, but at a cost of reduction in efficiency. Instead, Zhigang replaced the liquid electrolyte with a succinonitrile-based gel electrolyte. The gel is stable up to 80°C and for long periods of time and enhances the device’s biocompatibility. To test the cell under skin, the team covered the cell in a layer of chicken skin and used a laser intensity that is safe for human exposure (720 mW cm-2). They found that the new cell outputs a maximum power of 22.2µW, ‘which is efficient enough to power many kinds of in vivo devices’, says Zhigang. Richard Brutchey, an expert in inorganic nanomaterials for photovoltaic applications at the University of Southern California, US, says that the work is ‘a good step forward toward developing implantable bioelectronics, however, an external power source is still required (ie light)’. He says that the next step would be to increase the power output to compete with the peak power of implantable fuel cells and to make the device fully biocompatible.
Students and working-class citizens can sometimes be under great pressure at work or school and need something to help them focus on the task at hand. Some have argued that music can be a great solution for getting enhanced concentration levels, while others believe the contrary. The answer to this debate is that music can help but it depends on the genre you choose to listen to when working or studying. Here are the best music genres that can help you concentrate when studying or working. Ambient and Electronic Music The ambient and electronic music is quite popular amongst many students and is quite broad. It ranges between fast electronic dance music to slow ambient rhythms that can be perfect for studying and focusing on your books or work. There are different artists that create this music, including The Orb, Stars of the Lid, Skrillex, and many others. The music makes the brain more receptive to learning and leads to a clutter-free mind ready to undertake the task at hand. It relaxes the mind by freeing it from all other thoughts and prepares the brain for learning or working. There are various music radio channels as YouTube collections that you can listen to that offer this kind of music. Just like music relaxes and preps up your mind, is a resource that helps you in performing optimally in your academics. On GradesFixer, you find free essay examples and other education essays that come without a price. Classical Music Classical Music is the most popular option for individuals that want increased concentration levels. The genre of music has a reputation for relaxing the mind similarly to ambient electronic songs. Classical music is quite enjoyable and you have a large base of popular composers to choose from. The list includes Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, and other great classical music composers Mozart has been the obvious option for most students when studying because of the highly publicized effect of this composer's music. He is not the one and only option, though, but it all depends on your preferences and what works for you. Try listening to different composes and find the one that makes your brain feel free and calm. Instrumental rock A lot of people argue that rock music can be pretty disturbing and not contribute to increased levels of concentration. Well, it depends on the type of rock you are listening to because this genre is quite diverse. There is hard rock, alternative rock, and other types that may not be conducive to studying and working. Although that is true, there is a type of rock music that is perfect for this occasion and has instrumentals only. Various bands are producing instrumental rock but the most famous one is Explosions in the sky. Other great musicians that create instrumental rock music include Godspeed You Black Emperor, Mogwai, and Sigur Rós. With this type of rock music, your concentration and productivity levels will be dramatically increased. Best Music Genres That Help You to Concentrate (Photo : Freepik) Jazz music Jazz music is an easygoing genre that mostly comprises of instrumentals, although in some cases, you may find songs with lyrics. The frequency patterns of Jazz music calm the brain and can increase concentration and productivity levels. Although some can tolerate listening to music with some words, others cannot and if you fall in the latter category, it might be beneficial to source instrumentals only. There are plenty of Jazz musicians and bands that offer instrumental-only music that can be streamed live on YouTube. There are also hour-long music collections of this genre and some with even longer durations that you can enjoy listening to. Alternatively, you can listen to online radio stations that play and cater to fans of this particular genre of music. Alternative genres You can listen to alternative genres from all around the world with different cultural backgrounds to get extra concentration levels. Remember that music that increases concentration levels depends on a case-by-case basis. You might not find any of the genres listed above helpful in increasing concentration levels and in that case, it is prudent to look into other genres. For example, some have found some African tribal rhythms effective when they study or work. Others may find some Chinese cultural songs effective, which stresses the importance of broadening your scope a little. Look outside of North American or Western music genres and you might just find what you're looking for. You can find and live stream these alternative genres on YouTube in single tracks or music collections with longer durations. The bottom line There is a variety of music to choose from when you intend to get enhanced levels of concentration. The list is not limited to these 5 genres mentioned hereinabove and you can choose whatever suits your preferences best. Remember, the entire purpose is calming the mind so it can be more receptive to studying or working. Whatever meets that target should be the music genre you listen to when faced with tight deadlines for assignments or work. Author's Bio: Elizabeth Skinner is a pop-culture writer with a leading daily digital magazine and writes on music, movies and TV shows. She's also a brilliant academic writer and works part-time to assist students with their assignment needs. In her free time, she listens to rock music, attends Zumba classes and learns drone photography.
Най-вълнуващите пътешествия с Библиотека "PepaTabakova.com"! Следвайте Библиотека ZigZag • Breaking News Trajan's Gate fortress Since 971 Bulgaria and Byzantium have been in a permanent war, having gone through various vicissitudes. Trajan's Gate fortress After the fall of Preslav and the capture of the Bulgarian Tsar Boris I, the war continued with the governors of the regions in the western and beyond the Danube part of the Bulgarian state, choosing Samuel, the son of one of the regional governors, as commander-in-chief of the Bulgarian army. In 980, Tsar Boris I and his brother Roman escaped captivity, but a Bulgarian border guard killed Boris because he was dressed in Roman clothes. Then Roman was proclaimed king of Bulgaria and his residence was appointed Skopje. However, the real power remains in the hands of Samuel. By skillful action by 986, Samuel succeeded in freeing Moesia, Bessarabia, northern Greece, to sweep away the Serbian principalities. When the Byzantine emperor Basil II learned that the Bulgarians were preparing to liberate their last occupied territory in 971 (Thrace), he decided to strike ahead. It is aimed at Via Militaris - the shortest route to Central Europe. The idea is not only to cut Bulgaria apart, but also to encourage the Magyars to invade the Bulgarian lands in Transylvania and Wallachia. In early August 986, with the whole army of the Byzantine Empire, Basil II departed from Plovdiv to Sofia. Trajan's Gate fortress A small detachment sent to Thessaloniki succeeded in misleading Samuel that the main Byzantine forces had landed in the city and from there along the Vardar valley they would advance to the then Bulgarian capital, Skopje. Therefore, with the whole Bulgarian army, Samuel settles in front of Thessaloniki to stop the enemy at the border with Bulgaria. On the day he pulls off the Byzantine Byzantine squad, he is horrified to learn that the Byzantine army, led by the emperor himself, is in front of Sredets and is preparing to storm the city, defended by elders and adolescents under the command of his brother Aaron. On the same day, Samuel takes down the siege of Sofia and heads down the Struma valley to Sredets. This is 20 days and he does not believe Sredets will last that long. But Sredets endured. The ancestors of the shops repelled the first assault, and hours before the second, through tunnels beneath the fortress walls, they reach the prepared siege machines and burn them. The garrisons emerge from the small fortresses on the hills around Sofia Field at night and attack the Byzantines. In the second week after these shoplifting exercises, sixty thousand Byzantine army were left without food. Having suffered heavy losses, left without food, and learned that Samuel had already reached Dupnitsa with the Bulgarian army, Vasily II decided to withdraw to Plovdiv. Samuel takes a bold maneuver and instead of Sofia goes the Dupnitsa-Samokov-Shtipon road with the clear intention of blocking the road of the Byzantine army. In the rear Basil is followed by the garrisons in Sofia Field and the Imperial Guard, led personally by Tsar Roman. On August 19, Byzantium's army was in front of the Trajan's Gate. But he is surrounded by the tight lines of Bulgarian soldiers. And in the rear, the rear guard of the Roma army is already fighting the Sredets and the Skopje garrison. Basil II is in the position of Emperor Nicephorus in the willow pass. But it does not panic. In order to save himself, he sacrifices his army by throwing it at the Bulgarians in the center of the barrier. In the narrow passage after today's tunnel, this attack has no chance. But the Bulgarian regiments gathered at this place free up a path on the surrounding hills, along which the Armenian security company takes Vasily II out of the hoop and reaches Plovdiv with a mad ride. These are the only ones saved in battle. Sixty thousand Romeans lie under the Bulgarian sword. In the coming months, Byzantium, left without troops, is helpless in the face of the Bulgarian offensive in all directions. Thrace was liberated, present-day Central Greece, Albania, and Dalmatia. Bulgaria is at the zenith of its might. Author: Prof. Dr. Bozhidar Dimitrov Няма коментари: Публикуване на коментар За начинаещи блогъри
Australia is burning - but why are the bushfires so bad and what can we do to help? Alison Schutt, the Brisbane based Environmental Health Professional, Founder of Haasch Sustainable Design, and supporter of Prospero World, tells us more. Alison's expertise in the field of environmental health spans across environmental toxicology, environmental hazards, waste management, water and wastewater, pollution science, education for sustainability, communicable diseases, infection control and food safety. From Brisbane, Alison writes: "The Australian Bushfires are not something we can control and prevent from happening again, even if we refer to controlling the scale of the crisis as I am afraid that forecasts are much more bleak due to the ignorance on global warming from governments and the general population when we step outside our social circles. The fires are generally started by arsonists or naturally. Due to the changing weather patterns we are experiencing. As temperatures rise, things will get worse. The only things we can do individually are; 1. limit our contribution to greenhouse gas emissions by reducing energy consumption 2. buy only what we need 3. have a zero waste policy in our households 4. reuse and recycle 5. eat locally grown fresh and processed produce only and grow your own food if possible 6. walk or use public transport where we can 7. and support local tourism Our government was made aware of the very severe bushfire season by meteorologists and the weather forecasters back in September when the heritage listed Gondwana rainforests burnt in southern Queensland behind the Gold Coast. Last year there were bushfires as far north as Cairns and rainforests were burning then which had never been seen before. For Gondwana rainforests to burn means our planet is in a terrible state. Even if our government had heeded to the warning signs I don’t know how they could have been prevented in time. For the future and so that Australia is equipped and prepared for what lies ahead for bushfire season, our government needs to listen to experts and scientists, invest heavily in equipment to control bushfires early, our defence force should be trained to manage and fight bushfires on the frontline, and our kids should be educated in basic natural disaster management and planning for bushfires, cyclones, floods and drought. Finally, our government needs to invest in this country’s future, particularly clean energy and fuel (hydro, solar and ethanol) to limit greenhouse gas emissions and assist to stabilise global warming and this climate crisis." Photo: supplied by Ryan Pollock
Switching to a vegetarian diet can be a healthy choice. However, despite the proven health benefits, vegetarians can often be deficient in certain nutrients. These deficiencies can be especially problematic during pregnancy. When a woman becomes pregnant or is trying to become pregnant, there is an increased focus on health. Ensuring enough essential vitamins and nutrients are consumed is a wise concern. Many of the recommended daily amounts of vitamins double during pregnancy. Shortcomings in a mother’s diet can lead to deficiencies for the baby, so it is vital to consume a balanced diet. There are several types of vegetarians: • Vegan – vegetables, fruits, seeds, beans, and grains. • Lacto-vegetarian – vegetables, fruits, seeds, beans, grains and dairy products. • Lacto-ovo-vegetarian – vegetables, fruits, seeds, beans, grains, dairy, and eggs. • Pescatarian – vegetables, fruits, seeds, beans, grains, dairy, eggs, and fish. Eating a vegetarian diet during pregnancy is perfectly healthy, but it is important to make sure enough key vitamins and nutrients are included, as outlined below. The biggest concern for most vegetarians is the level of protein they are consuming. There are various high protein options for a vegetarian to include in their diet, such as lentils, beans, legumes, nuts, soy, and more. Protein is vital to the development and growth of the baby’s muscles, tissues, and cells. A diet high in calcium is essential to a healthy pregnancy and baby. Calcium develops the baby’s bones, teeth, and cells. Milk, cheese, and yogurt are fantastic sources of calcium. If choosing vegan alternative-dairy products, make sure to consume the calcium-enriched options. Pulses, seeds, tofu, and dried fruit also contain high levels of calcium. Vitamin D Vitamin D intake is essential for bone health. Vitamin D’s primary source is sunlight but can also be found in some foods such as mushrooms and vitamin D fortified tofu and orange juice. Low levels of vitamin D makes your body unable to digest calcium. High fiber content, frequently found with plant-based diets, can compromise the absorption of Vitamin D. Taking a plant-derived supplement can ensure you have enough Vitamin D and calcium for a healthy pregnancy and baby. Folic Acid Humans do not naturally store reserves of folic acid. It is an essential nutrient for cell growth, and aids in the development of the spinal cord and brain of the unborn baby. Folate occurs naturally in some foods, such as leafy green vegetables and legumes, and additional synthetic folic acid supplements are suggested to reach the increased daily levels recommended for pregnant woman. This nutrient plays a crucial part in pregnancy. Sufficient iron intake is highly recommended to prevent anemia and ensure a healthy baby and delivery. To increase iron levels, a supplement can be taken, or iron-rich food can be eaten. These vegetarian foods include dark green vegetables, eggs, pulses, fortified cereals, and dried fruit. Omega 3s These healthy fats are essential for the development of the brain, nervous system, and immune system during pregnancy. Many delicious vegetarian foods are filled with Omega 3. These include avocado, olive oil, nuts, coconut oil, and seeds. Including these Omega rich foods in your diet can help prevent your baby from developing learning, immune system, and emotional disorders. Vitamin C A pregnant woman’s immune system is naturally suppressed. This leaves a pregnant woman more susceptible to viruses and bacterial infections. Vitamin C is beneficial in boosting the immune system. It aids in the repair of tissue, bone growth, and cell protection. Vitamin C occurs naturally in many different fruits and vegetables. It is also known to increase the absorption of iron, which is an important additional benefit. Lactation and the Vegetarian Diet The best diet for breastfeeding is similar to pregnancy with an increased focus on calorie and fluid intake, so you produce sufficient milk. Consume nutritious beverages like soy milk, soups, smoothies, and juice in addition to eating small frequent meals. Consult a Nutritionist Vegetarian diets can be nutritionally sufficient for pregnancy. Choose a variety of foods that provide enough calories, nutrients, and protein for you and your baby. Depending on the type of vegetarian meal plan you follow, you might need to consult with a nutritionist to help you adjust your eating habits or discuss supplements to prevent deficiencies that could affect your unborn baby. Pregnancy is a special time, and all mothers want to be feeling their best. This can be achieved by providing the body with all the necessary nutrients and vitamins it requires throughout pregnancy. Call Now Button
abipathmanathan's shop abipathmanathan's shop 3.7687520 reviews Thanks for visiting my shop. I hope you find resources that are suited to your needs. docx, 37.85 KB docx, 37.85 KB This resource is a model essay answering the following question: Write about how tension is created at different points in the novel, ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. The essay response in this resource covers all aspects needed for a grade 8/9 answer. More specifically, Textual References, Language, Form & Structure and Context. It is targeted at students sitting the new 9-1 GCSE English Literature Exam. Teachers are encouraged to purchase this resource so that they can show their students an exemplar answer to analyse and obtain ideas from. Something went wrong, please try again later. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet
Tag Archives: multi-generational trauma Working It Out Together: Wayne Rabbitskin–The Long Road Home Prior to colonization, Indigenous men and women treated each other as equals. They had different roles to fulfill but they still regarded each other with equal respect. But at the time of colonization, governmental policies created social dysfunction, essentially crippling the role of the men within traditional communities, even criminalizing their role as warrior within their families.Â This has left men without a role to fill and has ultimately disconnected them from the land and their culture. Throughout this episode we accompany Wayne Rabbitskin, Chisasibi, QC, as he travels his own journey of reconciliation. Wayne suffers from multi-generational trauma as a result of his parents’ experiences at Residential School. Included in footage are his heart felt words of apology for the pain he caused. He admits to alcohol and drug abuse. He also admits to abusing his former wife and destroying his marriage. This form of dysfunctional behaviour is commonlyÂ referred to as lateral violence. Lateral violence refers to acts of destructive aggression against one’s peers rather than bullying to establish a sense of superiority. It is a means to share pain in order to alleviate pain rather than exerting force to create a social hierarchy. Wayne is now working to end lateral violence in communities. Following his stay in a treatment centre, where he re-learned his role as a man and came to understand that women are sacred, Wayne committed himself to a 1000 mile walk, visiting other communities like his own to share his testimony. His own admissions are acting to expose lateral violence and inter-generational trauma, and allowing others to heal, while hecontinues to make amends for his own actions. Traditional Story-teller Isaac Murdoch explains that prior to colonization, ” Women were literally a walking ceremony. They were the water carriers.Â And because water is our first teacher, our first medicine, it’s the very thing that gives us life there was a high respect of women because of their strong connection of the land.” Because of this there was a balance in order to preserve life for the generations to come. However, with the arrival of the settlers came the arrival of both sickness and alcohol. Since the men were the ones who traded goods, it was the men who fell prey to the effects of alcohol, destroying the accord between men and women. Isaac believes that men must look back to the days before the settlers arrived and reconnect to the traditional ways in order to heal. Shawn Iserhoff, Mistissini Youth Chief, also shares his experiences on the land and describes how this connection brings humility and harmony to his life, contrary to his experiences in the city. Having participated in healing circles myself, witnessing the bravery of Mr. Rabbitskin admissions in order to make amends was particularly moving.
Paralyzed patients can use their hands.. June 14 Paralyzed patients can use their hands and walk with the robot With post-stroke rehabilitation, the patient may become independent or less dependent. Stroke (paralysis) is caused by blockage or bleeding in the vessels in the brain. The incidence increases with age and discomfort such as hypertension and sugar. Depending on the affected side of the brain, paralysis develops in the right or left half of the body. The shape of the table depends on the number of brain nerves affected and the tasks of the nerves. Stroke (Paralysis) is sometimes life-threatening, but it is also possible to return to normal life after stroke. Return to normal life requires treatment and rehabilitation. Because nerve cells are different from other cells in the body. When damaged, the survivors cannot proliferate to form new nerve cells, but recovery of their function is possible. This improvement is made possible by the reorganization of the communication network between the intact nerves, ie neural plasticity. The first 6 months are critical in the healing process of the nerves. The goal of post stroke therapy is to make the patient independent or less dependent. Paralysis rehabilitation is multifaceted. Weakness, imbalance, stiffness in muscles and joints, painful shoulder, speech-deglutition disorders and depression are common in patients. Treatment is also team work. Exercises are performed by physiotherapists under the supervision of a physician. Electrotherapy sessions, which regulate the current frequency and type, occupational therapies for daily activities, exercise programs in the pool, speech therapy by speech therapist and robotic rehabilitation are performed with the development of technology. With a tailored exercise program, physiotherapists work on preventing joint stiffness, strengthening the arm and leg muscles and independent sitting, balanced standing, stepping, walking, up and down stairs. In robot therapy, which is one of the best facilities of the technology, the patient is executed very close to the normal walking pattern and the signals of the normal walking pattern are created in the brain. After stroke patients' legs recover faster and better than hands. Robotic rehabilitation can be performed more intensively and comfortably for hands and arms which have more complex tasks than legs. Lifting power of water is used in pool therapy. The work force falling on the muscles of the patient is reduced and the exercises are performed more easily in the water. The speech therapist works with swallowing, making speech, and also swallowing patients with impaired swallowing. Specialist Dr. Ayşe Nur TEKİN, who stated that in the new building of Fizikon Medical Center, treatment was performed with walking and hand rehabilitation robot and speech therapy in the outstanding and exclusive centers in Turkey, said: "As Fizikon family, we are able to offer these high level treatments to our patients."
Ways of Seeing: The Art of Prescribing and Study of Materia Medica The following essay is extracted from a new book, Comparative Materia Medica: Integrating New and Old Remedies. It explores how to study materia medica and the art of remedy study and differentiation. An example of one remedy is taken from the book which shows how the remedy knowledge and differential comparison is categorized into three themes: intrinsic, compensated and decompensated, which are identified with the three main miasms: psora, sycosis and syphilis. In Aphorism 3 of the Organon of Medicine, Hahnemann states that in order to cure disease, we must know what is to be cured in disease, what is curative in medicines and how to adapt the medicine to the person who has the disease. It sounds simple enough and yet this proves to be challenging for all homeopaths. Let us initially look at the first part of this aphorism, that is, what is to be cured in disease. What is to be cured in disease is a big question for homeopaths, as it not only means the most apparent symptoms of disease but also requires a detailed and in-depth analysis of the whole person. As any disease does not exist separate from the person experiencing it, the homeopath is forced to undertake a comprehensive review of the whole person in order to not only get to the fundamental cause of a condition but simply to get the information needed to find the correct remedy. Homeopathic prescribing requires many skills and the utilization of information from many sources. Some prescriptions are given based on one keynote, others on unusual dreams or on strange food desires. Some are based mostly on the emotional and mental disposition of the patient and some are based on observation of the body typology and basic demeanor of the person. Experienced homeopaths tune into the person intuitively, picking up the more ephemeral qualities of the patient and integrating this into the total symptom picture. Part of what a homeopathic teacher does is to explore this “demeanor” of a patient with students – to reveal the smell, taste and nuances of behavior that characterize the person and the remedy image. This is the artistic expression of the homeopath, a journey into the subjective synapses of consciousness, tapping into reservoirs of knowledge and understanding that are hard to rationalize but which synthesize the art and science of homeopathy. What is being revealed in the homeopathic interview is the nature of a person, aspects that express their most basic personality qualities and the issues that stem from this which we classify as homeopathic symptoms. The homeopath is attempting to put the specific condition and symptoms of a person into a holistic context and in so doing getting to the roots of the situation. It is not enough to simply prescribe on the immediate symptom picture most of the time, although there is nothing wrong with prescribing on a couple of keynotes. But a thorough analysis of the person, including their health and personal history usually needs to be achieved, if only to give a context to the homeopathic case. One question that can often be asked in case taking is: what changes in a person and what remains the same? One cannot change the basic temperament and physical attributes of a person (although knowing what is normal and what can change is not always obvious) but a homeopathic remedy can change any imbalance or what is “stuck” in a person, both in physical and psychological patterning that limits health. Sometimes as homeopaths we can get this mixed up, thinking we can change things we cannot. Homeopathy has taken the art of the mind-body connection to a fine level. This term is commonly used in holistic circles to explain the fact that the mind and body are interconnected and one cannot treat one without taking into consideration the other, at least most of the time. This is a central tenet in holistic medicine and very much with homeopathy. In modern “classical” homeopathy there has been an increased focus on and treatment of significant mental/emotional symptoms/states in prescribing and less treatment of overt physical pathology or focus on physical keynotes. As stated by Hahnemann in Aphorism 211 and further reiterated by Kent when he states, “every government is from the center to the circumference”, the predominant mental and emotional qualities of a person can most clearly reveal the central aspects of a person’s identity and therefore symptom picture. This perspective has encouraged a focus on mental/emotional symptoms to determine the remedy, and while this makes sense in many cases, it can obscure the fact that the body can equally express the central state or constitution, especially when basic functions have deviated from the norm, producing symptoms and sensations on the physical level; for example, the condition of nails, skin, hair and functional symptoms such as menses, time modalities, food preferences, sleep patterns and position, etc. The most confident prescriptions are mostly made when a combination of mental/emotional and corresponding physical symptoms are included, especially when treating at a root or constitutional level. All symptoms are part of the whole. An undue focus on either dimension tends to create an imbalanced analysis. The whole is seen in each of the parts if we can only identify it. Also, the body doesn’t lie so easily. Mental symptoms can be fraught with subjective interpretation from both client and practitioner. Therefore, in both case taking and study of materia medica, it is important that all characteristics of a patient are looked at, and not to focus too much on any one area. A discussion is given in this book to the term constitution and what it means in homeopathic prescribing. It is important to know at what level one is prescribing and whether the given remedy is based on a constitutional analysis or not. This will help in the choice of symptoms taken in the case, the most important task of the homeopath after “Taking the Case”. Also, the terms “essence”, “core delusion” and more recently “vital sensation” and “source” have been used to describe a process of getting to the deepest possible understanding of a case and this approach can be said to be an extension of Kent´s approach of seeing all important expressions of a case stemming from a central idea or theme. Which case-taking route to follow? While not wanting to debate the merits of any one method, it is an example of the challenges we face as homeopaths as there are many ways to get to the remedy image. In our attempt to simply find the ¨right remedy¨ we have to explore many areas, and the information we may need can be found in any area of the body or mind and on any level. One of the things to be constantly aware of in case taking is not to get stuck in any one methodology. Case taking is a delicate dance between client and homeopath, a balance between the subjective experiences of both and the objective rationalization needed to find the correct remedy. We need to be able to find our own way and to be able to “dance” with the patient, while staying true to our goal of finding the image and information necessary to make a remedy choice. As mentioned, one small keynote may do it, while in other cases, leading patients to a deep “unconscious” expression of their state may reveal the picture of the disease. There are times in which the patient is lead to even describe the remedy, the “source” of the substance they need as a homeopathic remedy, whether it is a mineral, animal or vegetable. Some of these examples can be impressive in being able to express what the patient needs by letting the patient state it by bypassing the conscious mind. This may be easier to do with some people than others and also depending on the remedy they may need. It may be harder if a patient needs something that no-one has ever heard of than say a substance/thing that is more commonly known. It may also be easier if the remedy needed is from the animal world, which at least shares a basic self awareness or consciousness that the inanimate world of elements does not and the vegetable world has less of. This method of getting to the source is also fraught with potential error and misinterpretation and yet at times it may lead to a remedy than cannot be seen in any other way and by conventional analysis. Characteristic symptoms and qualities What is more important in analysis is not in always finding the so-called central theme or essence but in simply identifying what are the most characteristic symptoms or qualities in the case. It is this and the unique combination of key characteristics in any given case that leads to the remedy. The key characteristics may or may not be what is most limiting to a person or the most intense symptoms. While mental/emotional symptoms can often give vital information, they need to be strong to be useful or the homeopath needs to know how the unique combination of psychological observations and mental/emotional symptoms fits into the overall case. An overemphasis on mental/emotional symptoms can lead to the avoidance of more important physical characteristics. It has been demonstrated by many approaches that the core of a case can be found through exploring the deepest experience of a physical symptom, looking at the language and experience of the whole person through a specific physical symptom. If we approach each symptom as if it were part of a hologram, then we can still look for the most complete comprehension of a symptom and how it is connected to the whole. Seeing the Pattern However, often the most important key in finding a remedy is in recognizing a pattern in the selected totality of characteristic symptoms chosen – a fear here, a dream there, an etiology perhaps and suddenly a remedy picture emerges. This ability to select and then recognize a pattern in symptoms is often the key to finding the right remedy. When taking a case, we explore issues that reveal the most important dimensions of a patient’s life, questions pertaining to one’s purpose in life, what gives meaning and value and what obstacles may be in the way. By understanding the basic nature of a person – their template – one can gain an understanding of the health issues and struggles they may face as they are usually intimately connected. However, one must generally avoid prescribing on a vague concept of personality characteristics only. It is only in the qualitative totality, the unique relationship of both mental and physical symptoms that gives us the necessary confidence in prescribing. Some of the most important qualities can be seen in the body type, the areas of the body involved and other more objective characteristics of the person’s basic character. Less analytical and simpler observations by experienced practitioners can sometimes lead to the correct remedy in a direct and simple way. For example, the qualities described in a Sulphur-type person, or Calcarea carbonica or Phosphorus have been verified thousands of times by homeopaths throughout the world. This knowledge of polychrest remedies is tried and true and a good homeopath knows how to make distinctions between these remedies and can identify the need for these remedies very simply. This is why, sometimes, one can see a remedy for a person merely by looking at them and perhaps speaking for a few minutes. The truth is the truth. This knowledge and experience can also help in seeing when a less common remedy is indicated through a process of remedy elimination. However, there are cases in which the mental or physical etiology of the case is the most important information needed and one ignores the basic story and personality of the person, and other constitutional physical attributes. Every case demands its own analysis and approach. The goal of the homeopath is to recognize this and know which symptoms are important for each case. One of the goals of this book is to attempt to distinguish when a polychrest remedy is needed, based on traditional information, and when a less well-known or new remedy may be indicated. This knowledge most often comes with experience and a homeopath of many years will be able to make that distinction. However, given the increasing number of remedies and methods of exploring possible remedy pictures, it is worth further study of our remedies to see where we are going. Knowledge of Medicines The second part of Aphorism 3 states that we must know what is curative in medicine. Traditionally, this knowledge has come from homeopathic provings and been corroborated in clinical practice. The combination of knowledge from these two areas has formed the backbone of our materia medica, from Allen´s Encyclopedia, which focused on proving symptoms, to Hering´s Guiding Symptoms, which incorporated more clinical data. However, we are also aware of the limits of this information. Many provings are incomplete and inaccurate and also clinical data is not always true unless it has been corroborated by others. There have been systems of thinking that have sought to add to our knowledge base of medicines; systems of classification such as the periodic table and botanical classifications and also direct study of the nature of the substance itself. These systems incorporate some of the basic knowledge of a substance but there are other ways in which knowledge of a substance can be obtained. While the use of the Doctrine of Signatures is often criticized, if the study is comprehensive it goes much further than this doctrine, which historically has been a very loose basis for obtaining knowledge. The shape of a plant does not necessarily tell us very much indeed about its possible medicinal use (although it may be enough for basic categorization), yet the detailed study of a plants’ behavior can give valuable information about its nature and possible homeopathic use. This is even more the case studying animal behavior as the complexity of animal life is easier to see parallels in human conditioning e.g., milk remedies, as well a physiological study of the animal part used, such as snake venom, may give us valuable information about its use as a homeopathic remedy. This information cannot be ignored and by studying deeply the source of a substance as a remedy, be it mineral, animal or vegetable, it can add greatly to our knowledge of its possible use as a remedy. However, it is finally only in clinical practice that the validity of any of this information is confirmed. As we gain a more comprehensive idea of the knowledge of medicines found in nature, it can give us a deeper understanding of the human condition and to perceive what is be cured, conforming to Hahnemann’s declaration in Aphorism 3, needing a knowledge of both disease and of medicines. The two criteria stated by Hahnemann are therefore inextricably linked. The language in our materia medica allows us to translate the language of the patient more clearly. In theory, one doesn´t need any knowledge of materia medica to take a good case, but in practice, this knowledge acts as a map for homeopaths, as long as we can be objective in our experience and not project our knowledge onto the client´s story. This is the delicate dance involved in homeopathic case taking but in our attempt to truly understand the human condition and to find remedies to suit, developing our knowledge of materia medica gives us a clearer map. New Thinking and New Remedies Some of the newer remedies being explored are not based on any provings at all, and also have incomplete clinical confirmation at this point. For example, there is little known about remedies within the Lanthanides and Actinides group and what information we have is achieved through a “system” based analysis, which while fascinating, tends to be somewhat generalized and “archetypal” in nature. There are few traditional homeopathic symptom pictures and keynotes etc., requiring a shift in one’s methodology and analysis. While it may allow insight into cases that wouldn’t have happened without this knowledge, it can also lead to justification for these remedies based on a rather vague and metaphorical analysis. These remedies may be very useful in prescribing, but it is not possible to use them according to traditional methodology and is open to projection and speculative theories about their suitability in cases. Also, given the lack of proving for these remedies, accumulative clinical data from many practitioners becomes even more important. However, to be able to see the possibility of prescribing these remedies, or for that matter, other remedies such as gems or some bird remedies we do have to be able to use a different thought process and analysis. Instead of simply focusing on specific symptoms, we have to stand back a bit and look at a broader theme or template of a person, seeing in a general way the challenges and limits to their life. While this can seem like falling into the simplistic over-generalized approach discussed earlier, if applied according to a more systematic analysis and seeing a characteristic theme in a story, it may help us see a pattern in the case. Any physical symptoms are mainly used to support the broad theme or situation of a person´s life. If one doesn´t do that, then it is more difficult to identify one of these remedies. Another way of putting it is that it is not possible to see anything new unless we leave room for it. If we interpret every case only based on what we already know then we can only give known remedies. However, that forces us to be as honest as possible about our own process and not to make subjective projections onto a person based on what we want to see. That is easy enough to do even if we know remedies well. It is even easier if we are not sure of what we are doing. Therefore in this book we are taking our study of materia medica from the known and verified remedies and including possibilities of other remedies so that the process of analysis and comparison can be made as systematic as possible. We have 200 years of experience with some remedies and less than one year with others. We don´t want to leave anything out, but we don´t want to discard what we already know. In order to clarify the process of analysis in homeopathic cases including the classification of symptoms and the broader study of materia medica, it is first of all important to define and understand certain concepts. These include ideas of constitution, miasms and the use of nosodes, layers in prescribing, the role of etiology, relationship of remedies, symptom patterns and the use of various systems of thinking in helping us find appropriate remedies. As the process of materia medica comparison is a challenging process, each remedy in this book is categorized according to two to three stages, identified as Intrinsic, Compensated and Decompensated, which are correlated with the three major miasms, Psora, Sycosis and Syphilis. Using a miasmatic categorization here, we are adopting a more metorphorical description of nosodes than purely disease related. Other homeopaths have used similar models of remedy classification but here it is used mainly as an aid to remedy comparison. The intrinsic/psoric stage relates more to constitutional and often permanent characteristics of person, including body typology, basic mental/emotional qualities and other physiological characteristics and patterns, including food and weather modalities, sleep and dreams, menses, etc. The compensated/sycotic stage relates to symptoms that mostly reflect an exaggerated state of the basic intrinsic pattern, symptoms that usually motivate a person to see a homeopath. Most constitutional prescriptions are done using a combination of both intrinsic and compensated states and we have a good knowledge of this information in all the polychrest remedies. The decompensated/syphilitic stage relates to the pathological limits of a remedy, the structural changes seen in some remedies with corresponding broken down mental/emotional states. Most of the strong syphilitic remedies reveal most of their symptomatology in this level, whereas psoric remedies tend to have more of their symptoms in the first two stages. Each remedy in the book is classified according to these three levels, with remedies compared at each level. As any one person only presents with a thin slice of the totality of symptoms in any remedy and often is focused predominately in one or two stages, then identifying the key patterns at each stage can be helpful in seeing the remedy and which others are similar at that stage. The following remedy description is an example of the layout of materia medica study in the book. Not all details written in the book are covered here due to the amount of information given. Aurum metallicum Idea: It is very important that I fulfill all my responsibilities, duties, ambitions and goals to feel absolved of my guilt, shame, grief and loss. I feel under great pressure to do this. Duty, responsibility. Industriousness, workaholic. Seriousness, heaviness. Loss of money, property, value. Guilt, shame, mortification, remorse. Grief, loss. Worse at night. Forsaken, all alone. Depression, sadness, despair, suicidal anguish. Anger, rage, explosions. Torment, suicidal with pains. Congestion, blood, high blood pressure, hypertension. Heart issues: congestive heart disease. Testes, ovaries. Eyes, iritis, syphilitic conditions. Bone pains. Intrinsic state: Duty, responsibility. Rigidity, conforming to order. Compare: Actinides, Adamas/Diamond (gems), Carcinosin, Causticum, Ferrum, Ignatia, Kaliums, Lanthanides, Natrums, Nux vomica, Sulphur. Compensated state: Heaviness, burdened. Brooding, sulky. General sadness. Fear of high places. Censorious, dictatorial, aversion to being criticized. Feeling under much pressure – headaches, high blood pressure. Testicular and ovarian problems. Compare: Argentum metallicum and nitricum, Aurum – muriaticum, – muriaticum natronatum, – sulphuricum, Causticum, Gems, Ferrum metallicum, Lycopodium, Naja, Nux vomica, Palladium, Platina, Sulphur, Thuja (conifers). Decompensated state: Depressed, sad, despair. Great overwhelming grief. Forsaken, all alone in their anguish. Anger, rage, violent thoughts. Suicidal thoughts. Heart problems. Bone pains. < night. Compare: Actinides, Arsenicum album, Bismuth, Dioxin, Iridium, Kali bromatum, Lanthanides, Mercurius, Natrum sulphuricum, Syphilinum, Thallium. Progression: Intrinsically there is often the presentation of seriousness and responsibility with the feeling as if a weight is being carried around in life. However when still in the intrinsic phase, it is not all heavy. Things can still be fun. There is a capacity to keep it all together for a long time, but as the pressure builds up, there is initially more compensation, with intolerance to being contradicted and increasing anger. The need to maintain high standards and to fulfill duties and responsibilities is crucial and taken very seriously, even from a young age. As the emotional pressure builds there can be a tendency to high blood pressure and other heart symptoms. Any unforeseen circumstances like financial loss or other loss or grief, which challenges one’s position and purpose in life is a shattering event, which leads to a breakdown on both intellectual and emotional levels, with depression, grief, guilt, suicidal tendencies, violent impulses and thoughts, and great anguish, and physically to heart and joint pathology. Seriousness, Duty: As with many syphilitic remedies, the intrinsic state is very mixed in with the compensated and decompensated states. One cannot separate them so much as there is little psoric influence in these remedies. However, when one sees an Aurum patient, the qualities that often prevail are a person who is serious, dutiful and industrious, who feels the weight of responsibility and carries that weight heavily. They often have strong ideas of what is right and wrong, similar to the Kali family. They may be attempting to live up to a standard imposed on them by parents or colleagues and initially they simply strive to do their best. In children this remedy can be found when the child is too serious, beyond their years, bound down by some need to their best at all times, often at the expense of play and child-like qualities. It can be as a result of being given too much responsibility too young, perhaps due to death or divorce of one parent which forces responsibility early onto them, or it could even be grief and loss experienced in their parents or grandparents which they take on. The feeling is one of being burdened and being too responsible. It can sometimes be that the Aurum patient is attracted to positions of great responsibility. They take this on themselves, as if they have to prove something to themselves and others. The grief of Aurum is one of the strongest aspects of the remedy. It is tied strongly to the other qualities of the remedy, the strong sense of responsibility, duty, morality and the guilt, depression and ultimately suicidal depression of the remedy. Grief is often the strongest symptom the Aurum person presents with. The grief may be due to an actual event, such as a death or a disappointed love, or as an accumulation of events in life as the weight of responsibility wears the person down. The words morality, duty and religious affections are qualities often used to describe Aurum. This gives the impression of the person’s being quite conservative and perhaps traditional in the work they do and life they lead. However, this is not always the case. The basic qualities of feeling burdened by the pressure of taking on too much can express itself in many different types of people. Not all people needing Aurum have religious affections. In previous eras, the feeling of burden and aloneness was often expressed in religious terms; the person feeling he has lost his connection to God. Today, that is not how the person may express himself. He may just say he feels unable to live up to his own and others expectations and if pushed may reveal that this makes him feel hopeless etc. In the old days, the feeling of being forsaken was often expressed in religious terminology whereas today it is different. Aurum is a good remedy to understand from the perspective of levels of expression, whether intrinsic, compensated or decompensated. Not all people needing Aurum are suicidal. Many are little, if at all, depressed. Most however, feel a weight, a heaviness or burden around them, and as mentioned are industrious and responsible, even if only holding up their own ideals. In the compensated stage they feel burdened and feel more resistance, producing anger and difficulty in controlling emotions. But they are still holding it together. It is in the latter stage that one sees the classic broken down despairing picture of the remedy. The most commonly compared remedy is Natrum sulphuricum. Both can present as serious and closed, and become extremely depressed and suicidal. As often stated in materia medicae, Natrum sulphuricum will be suicidal but not do it, whereas Aurum is more likely to do it. Aurum may not mention how depressed they are, but then may commit suicide, to the surprise of people. However, in the clinic, this distinction may not be clear. The differences may have to be seen in the physical symptoms, generalities, personal and medical history. Any history of head injury in the past can help indicate Natrum sulphuricum. This question may have to be asked directly. As mentioned above, when duty and seriousness are strong, the Kali remedies need to considered. Kali carbonicum perhaps is the most obvious one but in more anguished cases, Kali arsenicosum and Kali bromatum will also be strongly considered. The former will also be thought of when anxiety and anguish are focused on the fear of heart disease, which Aurum and its salts can also have. One other aspect of Aurum that at times can distinguish it from other remedies is the anger and lack of emotional control that Aurum shows. It is found in the rubric Mind, anger at contradiction, and when this presents itself, it is a very intense, explosive anger and can be compared with Ferrum, Lycopodium, Nux vomica etc (Mind, anger, contradiction, at).It indicates a stage in the Aurum pathology where they are feeling intense pressure, and resent the fact that their high standards or simply their efforts are being challenged. Normally, they can control their frustration and anger. This level of anger is not seen characteristically in Natrum sulphuricum or some other remedies being compared with Aurum. Responsibility, Disappointment, Loss, Grief, Mortification The grief and mortification in Aurum is often seen in relationship to a feeling of lost responsibility and profound disappointment. This may be in relation to the internal hight standards they hold for themselves, which they feel they are unable to sustain or to similar qualities they impose on others, include loved ones or children. They can feel deeply let down by others, a feeling of emotional betrayal after everything they have given. They reproach both themselves and others (Mind, reproaches, himself; others). Natrum muriaticum is also another remedy commonly compared with Aurum. This will happen in an earlier stage in the pathology of Aurum, before serious depression is a factor. The common ground is the sensitivity to feelings of grief, along with a serious, responsible, over-industrious quality. Both are serious about their work and show a sensitive and sympathetic nature. In children that are over serious, these remedies will need to be compared. Both remedies can feel guilty and can dwell on matters, although Natrum muriaticum is more likely to be unable to forget things that have upset them (Mind, dwells on past disagreeable events). Natrum muriaticum may show a greater emotional sensitivity than Aurum and may have more of a tendency to weep involuntarily or be unable to weep when wanting to do so. Aurum weeps when in a state of despair, whereas with Natrum muriaticum and also Natrum sulphuricum, it may occur from general sadness and suppressed grief. Also, with Natrum muriaticum, it can happen for no reason, or for the least sentimental reason, reflecting the lack of emotional integration and the emotional awkwardness often seen in the remedy. (Mind, weeping involuntarily; Mind, laughing, serious matters, at). Although Aurum is listed in the involuntary weeping, it is more often seen in Natrum muriaticum, and at times for no apparent reason, whereas for Aurum, it is usually when the grief and loss are being expressed. Causticum is another remedy to be compared with Aurum. This occurs when Causticum is in a broken down state, leading to a state of despair and anguish. The history of a serious, sympathetic nature is common in both. It is not uncommon to mistake Aurum for Causticum in a person who shows a sympathetic sensitivity to injustice. Aurum may be indicated in such situations when people become depressed as a result. Natrum muriaticum and other natrums may also be considered in such situations. However, with Causticum, in the intrinsic stage, there is usually much less industriousness and more basic sympathy and openness. They do not have the fundamental weight of duty and responsibility that Aurum feels. They are more sensitive in the intrinsic stage and although both can be idealistic Causticum shows more vulnerability on an emotional level. The grief and loss they feel is that of a wound, a rawness that they experience. Aurum do not feel this sensitivity in the earlier more intrinsic stages. On the physical level, Causticum and Aurum may also be compared when degeneration in the joints is seen. Causticum tends to have a much greater sensitivity to cold and damp than Aurum or Natrum muriaticum. Both Aurum and Natrums tend to be more aggravated by heat. Ignatia is another remedy that can look like Aurum, although one is likely to see much more emotional sensitivity in Ignatia. As mentioned, Aurum does lose emotional control, with anger, anguish and despair, but the feelings of Ignatia are more on the surface. With Aurum, one feels a heaviness, weight and burden. What is similar is the idealism, disappointment, grief and ultimately suicidal thoughts. Ignatia is likely to only think about it and the grief is most likely to be due to disappointed love whereas in Aurum it may also be due to the grief from guilt and personal disappointment. Both remedies may have the anger and volatility though and also express a brooding, sulky quality. Naja is one other remedy to consider with Aurum. The feelings of depression, along with a sensitive, brooding nature and perhaps grief may create confusion. High standards, Ambition, Haughtiness Platina is also to be considered with Aurum. Both have high standards, may be ambitious and found in positions of responsibility and authority. Platina is however, much more concerned with their personal image. They are concerned about how they are seen and have more vanity around this. They may have issues around sexuality (Mind, lascivious, amorous, amativeness), although Aurum can have a high sexual expression as well. Both remedies though have an affinity for the ovaries, uterus and testes. Also, both remedies may present as being haughty, critical and also may feel forsaken. Platina tends to express more haughtiness, often felt as contempt. The haughtiness of Aurum is often more around competency and intolerance of those unable to perform, whereas in Platina it is often more sexually expressed, the ice queen syndrome and there is more hysteria in Platina. Mercurius can also be confused with Aurum. Both are heavy metals and can be serious, introverted, ambitious and suspicious. When at a deeper state, both can become suicidal. Mercurius is more likely to express a suicidal tendency through impulsive thoughts, especially on the sight of a knife and less with the feeling of despair and loneliness. Both remedies are strongly syphilitic and can have bone pains at night, along with the anguish of the syphilitic miasm. Both can have ulcerations and destructive tissue changes. In a case where ambition is a very strong theme, then Aurum has to be considered (Mind, ambition increased; competive, fame for), and will mostly be compared with other heavy metal remedies and also gem remedies, although Nux vomica and Veratrum album are strongly indicated. Gem remedies also have the despair and hopelessness similar to Aurum and are described below. The nature of extremely strong ambition can be an expression of the syphilitic miasm, the need to be someone and to find oneself as a compensation for an underlying despair about life. The underlying feeling may not even be conscious but the intense or fanatic obsession on imposing one’s will on life mostly comes from the sycotic and syphilitic miasm. In the sycotic miasm, the desire to be seen and appreciated is important, whereas in the syphilitic miasm, it is the need to either be the best or simply take things as far as one can go, especially as the alternative state is a hopeless one. Platina expresses a more syco-syphilitic aspect of ambition, driven both to be seen to be great and to be the best above others. Aurum is guided more by the need to do their best to quell the underlying (and at times unconscious) despair and futility of life. Industrious, Anger, Contradiction One other remedy that often should be thought of with Aurum is Nux vomica. Both show an industrious nature, can be very critical and intolerant. However, Aurum has more concern for others and responsibility based on a sense of moral imperative. Nux vomica is generally concerned with his own immediate concerns and efficiency and is more volatile and reactive, especially in the intrinsic stage. Both have anger and are averse to being criticized. Nux vomica and Aurum can both show extreme anger and if associated with depression and a tendency to being industrious, it can be difficult to distinguish. Both have suicidal tendencies, from pain and from sadness, although Nux vomica is more likely to just have suicidal thoughts. Nux vomica is black type in the rubric, Mind, suicidal, thoughts, but lacks courage. Both also can be sensitive, sympathetic types that are burdened by responsibility. Both find it difficult to say no to demands, and can get overwrought and burnt out from them (Mind, sympathetic). Nux vomica just feels they can’t say no and responds impulsively to situations whereas Aurum feels personally responsible. Physically though, there are many differences between the two. Temperature modalities are usually opposite. Nux vomica shows more characteristic stomach, mucous membrane and nerve affections. It does not go so deep into physical pathology as Aurum, which tends to affect the joints, bones, heart and genitalia. Nux vomica also tends to be more sensitive to external things such as food, drink, drugs and the environment. Also, as mentioned, in the early stages Aurum will mostly present as being much more controlled emotionally and less volatile, impatient and on edge. They will not tend to have as many addictive qualities as Nux vomica although a tendency toward alcoholism can be seen in both remedies. One other remedy to be considered is Kali bromatum. Both remedies can show depression as a result of guilt from feeling too responsible. Kali arsenicosum may also be thought of when considering Aurum, with characteristic fear of heart disease, guilt and responsibility. Bismuth can look very like Aurum metallicum. The mental picture can be virtually identical, the main difference being that Bismuth feels more insecure and becomes dependent on other people. Bismuth is looking for an authority figure, someone to support them through their problems. Aurum is much more likely to totally isolate himself. The rubric that this is found in Bismuth is Mind, holding, mother’s hand, child constantly holding. This is actually more of a general state of the remedy than merely a specific symptom of a child’s behavior. It may be seen more in the desire to have the support of one person in particular. Because of the deeply syphilitic aspect of this remedy, the nosode Syphilinum has often to be compared with Aurum and also with all the nosodes may be used to complement the other remedies indicated. The despair, anguish, torment, which is much worse at night are key characteristics of both remedies, as are the intense bone pains, which make the person feel suicidal. Serious OCD type symptoms can also be found in both remedies, but more so in Syphilinum. Aurum salts Therefore, Aurum can express itself in many different ways and different remedies will be compared with it depending at what level of the remedy the person is expressing. The other Aurum salts are important to compare with Aurum metallicum as has been well described in Terje Wulfsberg’s book, “Three Pieces of Gold.” Common to all Aurums is the theme of seriousness, duty and pressure, although Aurum muriaticum natronatum is found in the rubric, Mind, laughing at serious matters, along with Natrum muriaticum. In more depressed states, other predominant, remedies like Aurum muriaticum,Aurum muriaticum natronatum, Aurum arsenicosum and Aurum sulphuricum are important.. One considers these remedies when either the case has specific keynotes of one of the salts or when there is a more of a synthetic analysis, where distinct features of the salt are found along with the Aurum qualities. The metallic quality of a remedy has a more definitive and clear reflection of the element/metal, whereas with a salt, it can feel rather softer and not so defined an image. The distinction may be subtle but one to be aware of. In fact, Aurum muriaticum and Aurum muriaticum natronatum can be used nearly as much as Aurum metallicum. Aurum arsenicosum has been suggested to be a significant remedy in the treatment of Lyme disease, especially in Germany. In his book called “The Homeopathic Treatment of Lyme Disease”, Peter Alex makes the case that a morphogenetic field of the German psyche resonates with this remedy and that Lyme disease is an expression of this susceptibility. Clinically he has found Aurum arsenicosum very commonly indicated for chronic Lyme disease symptoms, a type of genus epidemicus for the disease in its chronic expression. Lyme disease is spread through spirochete bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through ticks. Although ticks have been vectors for this disease for hundreds of years, it was only in the 1970´s that the disease exploded onto the world, first being found in acute inflammatory joint conditions in Old Lyme, Connecticut. Its initial acute phase continued but also more chronic, degenerative conditions began to be found and subsequently associated with the original infection. Significantly for homeopathy and for the use of a remedy like Aurum arsenicosum, there is a strong syphilitic component to the disease, with much destructive tendencies, both physically and psychologically. One analysis is that as antibiotics have been used to treat syphilis effectively since the 1940´s, the “energy” of syphilis seeks another avenue for expression and diseases like Lyme disease and AIDS become channels for the destructive forces of the syphilitic miasm to be expressed, Also the bacteria of Lyme Disease, Borrelia Burgdorferi, is a spirochete, similar to that of syphilis – Treponema pallidum, and Borrelia is a nosode that can be used as a prevention against Lyme Disease and also at times in its treatment. Despair, Hopelessness, Isolation One of the key aspects of Aurum is profound despair, hopelessness and depression. As such, it is often the first remedy to be considered when someone is expressing these emotions. However, as with many polychrests, it is too easy to prescribe based on a couple of general symptom states and not on a more nuanced analysis. In order to justify Aurum in states of deep depression and hopelessness, one has to understand the whole case and how the person got there. As mentioned, in Aurum it begins with duty, responsibility, seriousness, a heavy burden they are carrying and then feel they cannot continue. Grief may be the catalyst also for an Aurum state to emerge but one has to see the whole progression. Many remedies can express similar qualities and Aurum has been given far too often based on a superficial understanding. One other remedy that can be compared to Aurum is Germanium. Only proven in 1995 (See J. Sherr’s proving), Germanium has similar qualities, with feelings of powerlessness, failure, worthlessness, self-hatred and forsaken feelings. They can feel their lives are a pretense and although they can have perfectionist qualities (similar to Aurum), they are unable to come through and feel it is all a cover. (Mind, delusions, wrong, he is doing something; has done). They can feel deeply isolated and alienated from others (it has been speculated to be good for refugees) and there can also be dreams of violence, especially of war situations. This all can look like Aurum but the specific dreams of war may be a keynote of Germanium, along with remedies such as Ferrum and Platinum. Physically, Germanium has an affinity for the joints, nervous system, with toxicological studies showing serious nerve damage, similar to multiple sclerosis and arthritic conditions, and also an affinity for the liver and kidneys. Mentally, it shows weakness in intellect in comprehension and making mistakes in spelling. They lack confidence and feel easily mocked and criticized and are very sensitive to the opinion of others. They feel easily isolated and alone and can feel as if they are a castaway (Mind, delusions, alone being, castaway is). The sense of isolation often felt in Aurum can be extreme. This is especially when in a depressed state, where they can feel hopeless and as if they have neglected their duty, have let themselves and others down. In such states they feel profoundly alone and forsaken (Mind, forsaken) and feel they have even lost the affection of friends (Mind, delusion, friend, affection of, has lost the). Other newer remedies to be compared with Aurum are Adamas (diamond) and Diamond immersion. These are two distinct remedies, with obviously similar overlapping symptom pictures. The Diamond immersion picture comes from Peter Tumminello of Australia and written up in his book “Twelve Jewels” and Adamas from J. Sherr, P. Sankaran and others. The main qualities to consider and compare with Aurum are perfectionism, ambition and a sense of wanting to be the top and a subsequent fall from grace, leading to depression, despair etc. These remedies should be studied when Aurum is one consideration but perhaps does not totally cover the case. Given the nature of the substance, it is not too much to consider that themes of purity, clarity, hardness, seeing many sides, flawless, hardness and also brittleness can be themes and images to consider in a person needing Adamas. Anything that threatens that purity, that would compromise this pristine image would be too much and so a person needing this remedy would likely be sensitive to criticism and any obstacle or challenge. (See also the Graphites chapter – Burnt out Carbon for more perspective and also the proving of P. Sankaran and J. Sherr). Diamond immersion (the gem remedies Tumminello makes are immersed whole into water as opposed to triturated) is one of a number of gem remedies that have been studied by Peter Tumminello in his book. The other ones are Amethyst, Black Opal, Emerald, Golden Topaz, Lapis lazuli, Morion, Pearl, Quartz crystal, Rhodonite, Ruby and Sapphire. There have been other provings of some of these gems and stones, including Amethyst (Seideneck), Lapis lazuli (Schadde), Ruby (Azar and Marlow-Fries) and Sapphire (Sherr). The proving of Emerald was interesting in that it compared a traditional proving with a meditation proving and also the use of Emerald as a Gem Therapy. A correspondence was seen with all three. According to Tumminello there are some common themes to these remedies as well as specific criteria for them. There can be a common presentation of depression, hopelessness and despair of the current situation, with at times a reactive anger, violence and feelings of betrayal. To quote Tumminello: I have found that the deepest energetic perception of the gems is a sense of imprisonment, which is often expressed as such, or ‘as if in a grave’, ‘shackled’, ‘trapped’, ‘hidden’ or ‘locked away’ with no hope of escape. This inner feeling or sensation has a direct correlation with the signature of the gems in that they have been locked away in the underworld since time immemorial with no seeming way to express the joyous glory of their color, power and presence. When released by nature or the hand of man all its expressions are exposed and illuminated. There is a clear correlation on the mental plane here with depression as an expression of a hopeless existence or situation. There is a powerful urge to reconcile the source of this angst, whether it be due to a specific history of physical and emotional abuse or entrapment, (Morion, Emerald), fear, panic and terror (Pearl, Golden Topaz), ego identification – positive and negative (Quartz crystal), emotional trauma leading to a hardening of the heart in love and relationships (Sapphire), the breaking down of family connections and family dysfunction (Amethyst, Golden Topaz, Lapiz lazuli, Black Opal and Ruby) etc. He states that there is often a strong spiritual yearning in these remedies, at times a conflict between spiritual and material life, making one compare with Platina. The gems have a noble and precious quality to them and have powerful symbolic influence as well as a history of healing properties in their own right. Therefore, it makes sense to explore their homeopathic potential, especially if other remedies have not worked completely. Elementally, many are made from combinations of Silicea and Alumina and with Silicea especially, comparisons with gem remedies can be made. Amethyst, for example is made from Silicon dioxide and may present as a more angry looking Silicea, the anger coming from a deep disquiet and frustration with their inner spiritual path and meaning in life. Tumminello identified the following themes to the gems: Instinctual v. enlightened attitude; familial alignments; yin and yang polarities; crystalline belief systems; ego and exclusive rights; transformation and alchemy; abuse, betrayal, violence and protection; beauty; boundaries and light; faith; geometry, order and structure; heat, pressure and passion; imagery and symbolism; intellect and memory, focus and concentration; out of the body/grounded; elemental affinities; color (see Ulriche Welt’s book Color in Homeopathy). (These themes are summarized in the online journal Interhomeopathy, in February 2011). As gems are made over many thousands of years and under great pressure and heat, and are mined from the earth’s interior, Tumminello feels they are suited to help the integration of the deepest levels of the human experience, the roots of the unconscious mind and the continuing struggle between instinctual and enlightened impulses. As with any of these remedies, one has to begin to recognize when a gem remedy is needed by a thematic analysis, one that looks beyond specific surface symptoms in order to see a larger totality with greater depth. The idea of many gems as remedies has to therefore encompass themes of needing to present themselves under a lot of pressure, the need to organize and structure their life so that they will be able to perform and present themselves in a positive light. Underlying issues of insecurity may be seen or be unconscious motives, with feeling of not getting enough support, appreciation and acknowledgement. Given the powerful symbols that gems have for humans as adornments of beauty, status and wealth, the dynamics of their use as homeopathic remedies may well encompass some of these themes. Ideally this should be confirmed with some keynotes of some of the provings of gems, the most important ones to study perhaps being Adamas, Amethyst, Emerald, Lapis lazuli, Ruby and Sapphire. It is worth cross referencing some of the symptoms of provings to see if there are common themes to be found. It may be that the colors people identify with may help in distinguishing between gems but that also is fraught with subjective interpretation. This is one of the challenges of incorporating these remedies in the materia medica. Polarities, Power, Despair, Death, Decay: Lanthanides and Actinides A similar challenge exists in looking at remedies from the Lanthanides and Actinides group. The Lanthanides have been explored mostly by Jan Scholten and are a group of elements that are a sub-group of “Stage 3 of the Gold Series” of the periodic table. They have not been proven. The Lanthanides are more common elements than initially thought, but are not obvious as they are chemically bound with other elements or salts and don’t occur pure by themselves. Also, chemically, it is very hard to distinguish them, but their electrical patterns are very different. The themes of these elements, according to the ideas of Scholten are to do with trying, searching, experimenting, focusing inward to investigate and discover what power means to them. The common themes presented as Lanthanides qualities are to do with Autonomy, Power and the Shadow. They are less motivated by conventional success and power but work in more subtle ways. Inner work may be more important for them and they may choose to live outside the mainstream culture or in alternative communities or lifestyles. There is a need for independence and there may be issues with conventional authority. There may be ego issues, similar to other remedies in the gold and silver series. They may seek recognition but can feel criticized and are not recognized for what they do. They seek recognition but not in a conventional way. There is an understanding that true recognition has to come from a deeper understanding and recognition of the inner processes of human consciousness (the shadow) and they make a choice to do this in a more autonomous and independent way. However, they are aware of the dynamics of power and influence, which they may seek to engage in, but for the more common good, the larger perspective. One other theme expressed is the ability to see the big picture, to be self-observant and self aware of their process and their own motivations and not to get stuck in the same egotistical behavior that they see happening in the mainstream world. On a physical level, it has been suggested that these remedies are useful in autoimmune conditions, relating to a confusion of real meaning and spiritual integration, which is a challenge in these remedies. Certain diseases including arthritis, colitis and Crohn’s disease and even AIDS cases may indicate these remedies. Also, for those people who are very sensitive to electro-magnetic fields, such as cell phones and computers, a Lanthanide may be indicated. One of the challenges is not only in deciding which Lanthanide may be indicated for a particular condition but which salt to attach to the Lanthanide. Scholten makes some suggestions in this regard. These remedies may express qualities seen in other remedies in the silver and gold series: serious, responsible, disciplined, theoretical, ambitious, thoughtful, sympathetic, independent, religious/spiritual/philosophical interests, censorious, averse to criticism, sensitive, mortified, indignant, desire to be alone, averse to consolation, self-doubt, egotistical, seeking appreciation, neglected, isolated etc. In this regard, other remedies such as Palladium, Argentum, Platina, Aurum and Barium would be considered, as well as bird remedies, gems and Actinides. For a more in-depth study of these substances, the work of Jan Scholten should be studied. The challenge is to be able to identify one of these remedies by a broader, more generalized and thematic picture, as much a “situational understanding” as it is a specific individual analysis with conventional keynotes and psychological individuation. This is not easy and requires a shift in perceptive understanding. Scholten feels that many homeopaths need a remedy from the Lanthanides family, given the dynamics of attraction and life circumstances that often are experienced by homeopaths working within a society that does not truly recognize the profundity and subtlety of homeopathy. A similar challenge exists in looking at the remedies in the Actinides group. The most well-known substance in this group is Plutonium nitricum, which has had a homeopathic proving, as well as Uranium nitricum and Radium bromatum. On a thematic level, the Actinides may show similar qualities to the Lanthanides, yet the stakes are higher, the issues more intense, the threat of destruction and decay more imminent. The use of these substances as homeopathic remedies makes all the more sense since the use of nuclear weapons fifty years ago and the increase in radioactivity on the planet, used both destructively and for medical diagnosis and treatment. We have unleashed the plutonic forces, a profoundly symbolic act, and one that has affected the consciousness of humanity. Therefore, it makes sense to consider the homeopathic use of these substances. The themes of the Actinides are to do with the extreme polarities of life, including the awareness of imminent death, of the shadow side and the dark forces within the human condition. People needing Actinides may feel they are grappling with situations that have nothing to do with them but which are part of the collective story of ancestors, culture, nations and the unspoken legacy of the human condition and suffering. It is the unleashing of deeply suppressed psychic/spiritual phenomena. Interestingly, the use of the remedy X-ray has to do with the deep suppression of physical conditions leading to the breakdown of the body, including cancer. It has been suggested that X-ray is a remedy for any condition that has been suppressed for a long time, especially any skin condition. The mental picture of X-ray also shows a strong violent theme, with a desire to kill with great rage. There may be a deep misanthropy and hatred of people. It is a remedy for wounds that refuse to heal (similar to radiation burns). As a metaphor of the remedy, the feeling is of a person who never forgets and then seeks revenge, a dark states of mind, Radium bromatum also has a great affinity for the skin and the joints. Any skin condition that occurs as a result of X-rays should be a consideration for Radium bromatum. It is also a remedy to consider for chronic and intense acne, or consequences of the suppression of bad acne. It is also indicated for moles, nevi and forms of cancer, especially as a result of X-rays. Mentally there can be depression with a desire for company, and a fear of being alone in the dark different to the Aurum mental state. There is a restlessness, a feeling of their being too much energy running through them. There can be a weary sense of despair, a feeling as if they are dying with severe achiness in the body. They can have electric shocks throughout the body, including during sleep, similar to Argentum metallicum. There is great tension in the body, leading to the electric shock feelings. Physically the Actinides will affect areas similar to the Lanthanides and gold series remedies – the bones, nerves, mind, with destructive conditions, such as cancer, auto-immune conditions and mentally with profound despair, isolation, suicidal ideation, rage, violence etc. Radium bromatum also has a dry burning heat, as if on fire, leading to a craving for open air. In the picture of Plutonium nitricum, we can see a person who feels as if they are living under a huge pressure, forcing them to live a certain way, which is suppressing their deepest nature. There is a sense of profound conflict with very powerful pent up feelings, threatening to be unleashed, leading to chaos and destruction. Hence there is a strong impulse to try and keep everything in order and in control, to keep a tight lid on things. Alternatively we can see a person feeling extreme responsibility and duty and/or feeling they have to be very powerful in what they do in order to achieve things. Either way, they feel under great pressure. There can often be a feeling of great threat, but often it is not known what it is, just a threat of something bad or terrible and there can also be a great deal of aggressive, violent impulses. There can be great seriousness in all things, concerned or obsessed with the violence or trauma in the world, or with spiritual and existential issues. There is a very heavy demeanor and the person can even feel as if their body feels very heavy. It can feel so heavy that the back collapses, forcing the person to walk double or on all fours. The feeling is as if the body is decaying or growing old much too fast. This image makes one consider Aurum and other heavy metals but the feeling is even heavier and more intense, with more suppression and pressure and the threat of greater destruction, violence and break down. The syphilitic qualilities are clear to see. Granitum (made from Granite stone from Ireland) has similar symptoms, including the back issues and on a mental level, the ability to be blunt and rude without any remorse or aggressive feelings. It also has a tendency to introversion and a kind of misanthropy, losing interest to connect to others. There is an indifference and suspiciousness of other’s motives. There can be a great weakness and heaviness, both physically and mentally, along with a passive type of hopelessness. Other remedies to compare would be Carcinosin with the suppression of the self and intense need for control and order and Syphilinum because of the overall syphilitic nature. The thread of some kind of violence will often be seen in most Actinides, even if it is in a person attracted to violent situations, who thrive on living on the edge and who may seem motivated by some form of unconscious impulse to bear witness for personal or collective conscience. As is seen with the syphilitic miasm, there is a movement away from social norms, to become more anti-social in all regards. As this impulse becomes pathological, we see the extraordinary violence of the world through warfare, nuclear bombs, genocide, terrorism etc. This expression of the human condition is something people needing Actinides may be affected by, concerned or even fascinated with. Therefore there is often a heaviness attached to a person needing an Actinide remedy. This is not a person concerned about the simple, mundane things in life and petty emotions. They may be highly motivated and again look like Aurum, Bismuth, Plumbum, Thallium and similar remedies and share the angst, isolation and despair of these remedies. Intense isolation is a key symptom of the syphilitic miasm and seen clearly in Aurum as well as in Plutonium nitricum. However, one contrast is that in Plutonium and other Actinides they may not be so attached to how they are seen in the world and their position. They may be living somewhat beyond that level of concern, and be only concerned with grappling with the darker, more destructive elements that they find they are attracted to or simply dealing with in their own mind and body. As mentioned, the realm of death and other dimensions may feel close to them, which could include having clairvoyant powers and interests. Syphilitic pains, bones, joints, head, heart Physically, the Aurum pathology focuses on the joints, the bones and the heart. The pains of Aurum are of the syphilitic type – intense, tormenting pain, all worse at night. It is indicated in severe arthritic conditions in which there is great pain with the inflammation. Joint pain may alternate with heart symptoms. In these cases one has to be very careful, as there may well be heart pathology involved. Rheumatoid arthritis is seen in this remedy, with wandering pains and again worse at night, and worse from heat. Psoriatic arthritis is also seen. Inflammation of the sternum bone can be found in Aurum. In cases of rheumatoid arthritis, with characteristic intensity of the pains, Aurum will be most compared with other syphilitic remedies such as Asafoetida, Calcarea fluorica, Causticum, Guajacum, Mercurius (and its salts), Phytolacca, Stillingia, Syphilinum and Thallium. Differentiation will mainly be in the overall picture and to feel confident, one would want some of the generals and mentals of Aurum. If all one sees is the severity of physical symptoms with characteristic intense violent pains, especially worse at night, then some of the “smaller” remedies should be considered. Aurum has very strong head pains, with both bone type pains and from congestion of blood to the head, often along with hypertension. If the pain feels in the bones and is worse at night, then Aurum is strongly indicated, along with Hepar sulph, Mercurius, Nitric acid and Syphilinum, although many other remedies are in the rubric Head, pain, bones. It is also in the rubric, Head, pain, rheumatic, along with Head, pain syphilitic, indicating also remedies such as Kali iodatum, Mercurius, Nitric acid, Phytolacca, Stillingia and Thuja. Aurum also has strong congestion to the head, with pulsations and pressure, a feeling as if the head would explode. This is often connected to high blood pressure but also can be a result of emotional upset, especially anger. The face may be red and hot. If head pains are coming specifically from emotional upset, then Aurum should be compared with Argentum metallicum and nitricum, Ferrum metallicum (and salts), Lachesis, Natrum muriaticum and Nux vomica (Head, pain, excitement, emotions of). Given its syphilitic nature, one sees this remedy needed when there are caries of the bones, whether it’s in the mouth and upper palate (Mouth, caries, palate), the nose, (Nose, caries), or other bones (Extremities, caries). The aforementioned syphilitic remedies should be compared, along with Fluoric acid, Hecla lava, Lachesis, Mezereum, Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid and Silicea. Caries and curvature of the spine also reveals many of the same remedies, (Back, caries, curvature). Caries of the ear and mastoid is another key area of Aurum pathology (Ear, caries, threatened; mastoid). Along with its tendency to congestion of blood, the heart is a major area of symptomatology in Aurum, with all kinds of heart pains, palpitations, arteriosclerosis of the heart and heart valvular problems. This is one of the main remedies indicated in serious heart pathology and prescribing in such cases should be very careful. A clear diagnosis should be made in any heart pathology case, especially if Aurum seems to be indicated. Aurum cases can tend to suffer from sudden severe heart attacks, through a combination of syphilitic, destructive tendencies influencing the case and suppression of intense emotions (Chest, palpitations, excitement, after; exertion after). The two features go together. The remedy justification will mainly be based on the whole case, not just the heart symptoms, but the main symptoms are all forms of palpitation, which is worse for emotions and a feeling as if the heart has stopped (Heart, ceases, as if heart had ceased), followed by tumultuous heart beat. It is also one of the first remedies to consider in any forms of angina pectoris, especially when there are violent intense pains, which are worse at night. Aurum here will have to be compared with more specific heart remedies, such as Cactus, Crataegus, Digitalis, Kalmia, Latrodectus mactans, Lycopus virginicus, Naja, Oxalic acid, Spigelia and Tarentula. Obviously there are many more remedies also to be considered. Aurum is also indicated in all inflammatory conditions of the heart including endocarditis, pericarditis and rheumatic conditions (Heart, inflammation, endocardium, rheumatic; pericardium). In more acute endocarditis, with pain and great anxiety, Aurum will be compared with Aconite, Arsenicum, Cactus, Convallaria, Digitalis, Kalmia, Lachesis, Naja, Spigelia, Spongia and Tabacum etc. Kalmia in particular is a remedy to compare with Aurum in all sorts of heart conditions, especially associated with rheumatic affections and Crataegus can have a similar mental state, being irritable, cross, melancholic and despairing, along with many heart symptoms. One other area of affinity for Aurum is the genitalia. It is a common remedy to consider for orchitis (Male, inflammation, testes), both in children and adults. Pathology may be found in either testis and the affected testis is often very hard. It is also indicated in epididymitis (Male, inflammation, testes, epididymis). It may also affect the prostate gland. In females, there can be ovarian tumors, and indurations or ulceration of the cervix or uterus. Aurum muriaticum natronatum is one of the keynote remedies for tumors in the uterus. (Female, tumors, uterus) Please add your experience or remedy comparisons.
How Wakesurfing Works By: Jacob Silverman Image Gallery: Surfing Wakesurfers surf in the wake behind boats. See more pictures of surfing. Living far away from the ocean is no longer a barrier to finding some good waves to surf. You just need to create your own. Wakesurfing, a relatively new water sport and an offshoot of wakeboarding, is gaining popularity among novices and seasoned water-sport athletes alike. It's still a fairly young sport, but there's an annual World Wakesurfing Championship and many other professional-level competitions around the United States. Adherents of wakesurfing trumpet its relative safety compared with other water sports and the ease with which aspiring wakesurfers can take up the activity Wakesurfing involves a surfer trailing behind a motorboat on a short surfboard that's about five feet (1.5 meters) long and literally surfing through the boat's wake without being attached to the boat. The boats are freighted with extra weight to increase the amount of wake and make the sport more challenging. At times, a wakesurfing boat may have so much extra ballast, it looks as if it may tip over, but these are actually ideal conditions for producing good wake. A boat captain may even ask his passengers to shift to the same side to add extra ballast to that area. Wakesurfing starts with a surfer lying in the water with his or her feet on the board, ready to quickly stand up. The surfer holds onto a towrope as the boat picks up speed, eventually topping out anywhere from 9 to 11 miles per hour. The surfer then jumps into a standing surfing position, drops the rope and surfs through the wake the boat creates. A surfer may be able to ride the wave for as long as five minutes, and more advanced surfers can perform tricks, spins and other stunts [source: Regenold]. But how can a motorboat create waves that mimic that of the ocean? And is it really possible to pull off spins and aerial tricks on a relatively calm lake? Keep reading to learn all about this growing sport, beginning with the physics of wakesurfing. The Physics of Wakesurfing Wakes from motorboats create waves similar to those found in oceans plied by regular surfers. These waves tend to be on the smaller side; however, a four-foot wave on an otherwise calm lake is more than adequate to sustain a wake surfer for a few minutes' ride. And, like ocean waves, there's a break and a curl, which surfers can ride and use to perform tricks like dips, sharp turns and spins. Because the boat is continually creating waves as it moves, there's a constant curling effect, which allows some wakesurfers to carve through a wake for several minutes. They're able to perform tricks and alternately move closer to and farther from the boat. The forward inertia created by initially holding onto the towrope helps the surfer stay afloat, along with the constant motion of an ever-churning wake and the water's strong surface tension. Add to this the buoyancy effect of the surfboard: The board is less dense than the water, and it distributes the surfer's weight widely, allowing him or her to skim along the surface of the water. The surfer is on one side of the wake, surfing on it, cutting against it and slashing with the board to surf up onto the curl, allowing him or her to perform 360-degree spins and other stunts. If a surfer is to the right of the wake (in relation to someone looking at the wake from the rear of the boat), he or she is riding on the regular foot side, with the left foot forward. The other side is typically for goofy-foot riders, those who ride with the right foot forward. A surfer may fall for a variety of reasons, including going too far outside the wake -- where the surface tension is lower -- performing a stunt inaccurately, or stepping too far forward on the board and causing the tip of the board to submerge. If the boat comes to a sudden stop, the surfer may also lose his or her balance. Because wakesurfing also depends on the type of boat used to create wakes, surfing conditions can vary widely. Keep reading to learn what boats are best for wakesurfing. Wakesurfing Boats Wakesurfing boats are specifically weighted to maximize wake. These weights can be made of heavy lead or fat sacs, water-filled ballast bags, and they're used to tilt the boat to one side. Some boats are weighted so much -- and consequently sag so much in the back -- that they look as if they're about to sink into the lake. Besides being weighted to one side, wakesurfing boats have a swim deck, a small platform at the rear of the boat that a spotter stands on to watch the surfer and to pull in the rope after he or she lets go. The swim deck also provides more protection for the surfer; along with the rudder, it's one more barrier between the surfer and the propeller. Some wakesurfing boats are known for the quality of waves they create. In fact, one wakesurfer claims that his $50,000 boat creates a practically unending wave, the only limit to riding it being a surfer's stamina [source: Regenold]. Wakesurfing can also be done with large boats, such as yachts, but the process is more difficult -- they take longer to gather speed, and they're less maneuverable, which means it takes longer to circle back and pick up fallen surfers. Because of their M-shaped hulls, these large boats also create different kinds of wakes than smaller boats, so the surfer will have to adapt accordingly. Surfers must stay a safe distance from these boats -- they often have exposed propellers. But the advantages of wakesurfing with large boats include being able to wakesurf in tandem with another rider and surfing on larger wakes that are more akin to real waves. Wakesurfing Tips Wakesurfing can be done with two types of boards: skim style and surf style. Skim-style boards have fins less than 2.5 inches (6.4 cm), while surf-style boards have larger fins. Skim-style surfers often perform tricks adapted from skateboarding and snowboarding, and surf-style surfers mostly perform aerial tricks that are similar to traditional surfing. Because wakesurfing has grown in popularity, many companies now market skim and surf-style boards specifically designed for the sport. It's difficult to wakesurf without an adequately weighted boat -- one weighted to either the left or right side, which allows it to produce a larger wake. Large wakes break to one side, simulating a small, but surfable, ocean wave. The amount of extra ballast used depends on what your boat can handle. If you're a frequent surfer, you may want to install fat sacs on your boat and connect them to the ballast system. To stand up, experienced wakesurfers recommend that you start by lying in the water with your heels resting on the board. As the boat picks up speed, hold on to the rope and use its tension to pull yourself onto the board. Bend your knees for balance and position your feet shoulder-width apart. You will likely want to stand toward the back of the board so the front won't catch the surface of the water, submerging the board. Your stance will vary depending on your personal preference, skill level and the type of board you use. Once you feel confident on the board, it's possible to adjust your stance to move closer to and farther from the boat. Putting more pressure on your back foot will slow you down, causing you to back off from the boat. Leaning on your front foot will effectively speed you up, causing you to move forward in the wake. But be careful: too much pressure in one direction and you may wipe out. Even so, experiment with your footing to find where in the wake you're best able to surf. If you're a boat driver and your wakesurfer wipes out, don't immediately turn around back into the wake -- you may unintentionally enter the waves you created and flood the boat. Instead, slow down -- or put the boat in neutral -- and circle back widely, away from the wake. Wakesurfing Safety Lots More Information Related HowStuffWorks Articles • Patoski, Joe Nick. "Catching a Break: Surf City Texas." Dallas Morning News. April 4, 2004. • Physics Central. "Science of Surfing." APS Physics. Sept. 1, 2009. • Regenold, Stephen. "Wakesurfing: Following the Boat Without a Rope." NY Times. Aug. 17, 2007. • Wakesurfing Magazine. "Big Boat Wakesurfing." Winter 2009. • "Wakesurfing." • "Getting Started Wakesurfing." • "How to Wakesurf 101: Practice Safe Wakesurfing Pt. 1." July 13, 2009. • WaterSki Magazine. "8 Must-Know Wakesurfing Tips." Oct. 7, 2009.
Advertisement - Continue reading below Definition of "hello" [] • Used to greet someone, answer the telephone, or express surprise. (interjection) • A calling or greeting of "hello.” (noun) • To call "hello.” (verb-intransitive) Use "hello" in a sentence • "Slide 35: AST変換: @Category / @Mixin interface Mixed {} @Category (Mixed) class CatClass {def hello () {println \ "hello\"}} @Mixin (CatClass) class MyClass implements Mixed {} x = new MyClass () x. hello () ※ interface Mixedの意義が不明。" • "The word hello got stuck in her mouth as she looked at a bloodied and battered Derek De Graff." • "The doctors took the pen and wrote the word "hello" on a piece of paper."
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search Republic of Uganda Flag of Uganda Coat of Arms of Uganda (Flag) (Coat of Arms) Motto: For God and My Country Anthem: Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty Location of Uganda Capital Kampala 0°19′ N 35°25′ E Largest city Kampala Official languages English Government Democratic multi-party republic Yoweri Museveni October 9, 1962 from the United Kingdom • Total • Water (%) 236,040 km² (81st) • 2000 est. • census • Density 24,699,073 (42nd) 105/km² () • Total • Per capita 2003 estimate $6.198 billion (108th) $245 (170th) Currency Shilling (UGX) Time zone • Summer (DST) Local time (UTC+3) not observed (UTC+3) Internet TLD .ug Calling code +2561 1. 006 from Kenya and Tanzania Main article: History of Uganda Little is known about the history of the region now covered by Uganda until the arrival of the Arabs and Europeans in the mid 1800s. Humans are known to have lived in the area since at least the first millennium BC. When Arabs and Europeans arrived in the 19th century, they encountered a number of kingdoms in the area. They included Ankole, Buganda, Bunyoro, Busoga, and Toro. The largest of these kingdoms was Buganda, which exists as part of Uganda today. Islam and Christianity were introduced to these kingdoms. The area was placed under the charter of the British East Africa Company in 1888, and was ruled as a protectorate by the United Kingdom from 1894. As several other territories and chiefdoms were integrated, the final protectorate called Uganda took shape in 1914. By 1966, the first Prime Minister, Milton Obote, had overthrown the constitution and declared himself president, ushering in an era of coups and counter-coups which would last until the mid-1980s. 1971 saw Idi Amin take power, ruling the country with the military for the coming decade. Idi Amin on a ten shilling note Idi Amin on a ten shilling note Idi Amin's rule cost an estimated 300,000 Ugandans' lives, and he forcibly removed the entrepreneurial East Indian minority from Uganda, decimating the economy. His reign was ended after an invasion by Tanzanian forces aided by Ugandan exiles in 1979. The situation improved little with the return of Milton Obote, who was deposed once more in 1985. The current president, Yoweri Museveni, has been in power since 1986 and was viewed as being part of a new generation of African leaders. There is controversy, however, about the proposed change to the constitution that would allow him to run for a third term. Relative stability has been brought to the country with the exception of the North, which continues to struggle with a rebel insurgency. Main article: Politics of Uganda Map of Uganda Map of Uganda Main article: Geography of Uganda Although landlocked, Uganda has access to several large water bodies, including Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga and Lake Edward. The country is located on a plateau, averaging about 900 m above sea level. Although generally tropical in nature, the climate differs between parts of the country. Uganda includes several offshore islands in Lake Victoria. Most important cities are located in the south, near Lake Victoria, including the capital Kampala and the nearby city of Entebbe. Uganda is divided into 70 districts, spread across four administrative divisions: Northern, Eastern, Central and Western. The districts are all named after their 'chief town'. The city of Kampala, for example, is in the district of Kampala. Main article: Economy of Uganda Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force, with coffee accounting for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate an economy decimated during the regime of Idi Amin and subsequent civil war. Stabilising measures have included currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation, boosting production and improving the balance of payments. Coffee is Uganda's main export. Coffee is Uganda's main export. Main article: Demographics of Uganda , see also Languages of Uganda Ethnolinguistic map of Uganda. Ethnolinguistic map of Uganda. Christian and Muslim missionaries first arrived in the 1860s, attempting to convert the Bugandan king. At present, about two-thirds of the population has adopted Christianity. The remaining one-third is split about evenly between Muslims and members of traditional faiths. See also: AIDS in Africa Main article: Culture of Uganda Due to the large number of ethnic communities, many still living within their own kingdoms, culture within Uganda is diverse. Many Asians (mostly from India) who were expelled during the regime of Amin are returning to Uganda. Human rights Main article: Human rights in Uganda The conflict in the north continues to generate reports of abuses by both the rebel Lord's Resistance Army and the Uganda People's Defence Force. Torture continues to be a widespread practice amongst security organisations. Attacks on political freedom in the country, including the arrest and beating of opposition Members of Parliament, has led to international criticism, culminating in May 2005 in a decision by the British government to withhold part of its aid to the country. See also Bicycle-taxi in Uganda Bicycle-taxi in Uganda Entebbe airport, 2003 Entebbe airport, 2003 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Look up Uganda on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Countries in Africa Personal tools
We recently discovered that the UTM projection we have been using is not accurate enough for our application when doing calculations that require distances. Instead of rewriting our code base to use great circle calculation I would like to understand how proj4 projections work but havent been able to google what i needed. Possible because I dont yet know exactly what to google for. I have a lat,lng of a point that I want to place my local projection around and the area it should cover is a radius of 25km. How would I create a proj4 string for this local projection with units of meters. Just for reference, here is the solution I ended up creating for ol3. createLocalProjection.ts creates a local projection with center in a given point and extend calculated using a buffer in meters. this provides a accurate local coordinate system around that point. import ol = require("openLayers"); import proj4 = require("proj4"); var newProj = ol.proj.get(projkey); let center = fromLonLat(center_wgs84); return newProj; great circles in QGIS and export in 3857 webmap discribes how to set up an Azimuthal Equidistant Projection projection to create great circles. The projection is however based on a sphere, not an ellipsoid. Using customized Coordinate System in ArcGIS Desktop? shows you how to set up a local transverse mercator or oblique mercator projection. For the accuracy, see Manipulating Azimuthal Equidistant Projections in QGIS Your Answer
Oneida-English/English Oneida Dictionary UTPSKU: 9781487525170 Doxtator, Mercy\|Michelson, Karin Grade Levels: Twelve, Adult Education, College, University Book Type: Copyright Data: Sale price$150.00 Oneida-English / English-Oneida Dictionary by Karin Michelson and Mercy Doxtator Oneida presents and explains the structure in the clearest possible terms of this endangered Iroquoian language spoken fluently by fewer than 250 people. This is the first comprehensive dictionary of the Oneida language as used in Ontario, where most of the surviving speakers reside. The dictionary contains both Oneida-English and English-Oneida sections. The Oneida-English portion includes some 6000 entries, presenting lexical bases, particles, and grammatical morphemes. Each entry for a base shows several forms; illustrates inflection, meaning, and use; and gives details regarding pronunciation and cultural significance. The English-Oneida entries direct the reader to the relevant base in the Oneida-English section, where technical information is provided. Completing the volume is a set of appendices that organizes Oneida words into thematic categories. The Iroquoian languages have an unusually complex word structure, in which lexical bases are surrounded by layers of prefixes and suffixes. A work of enormous precision and care, it incorporates many innovative ideas and shows a deep understanding of the nature of the Oneida language. You may also like Recently viewed
Khnoum Temple Khnoum Temple in Esna The temple, which lies in a pit below the level of the houses in Isna, is dedicated to the god, Khnum. This the ram god that was worshipped through out this area and who fashioned mankind from mud of the Nile on his potter’s wheel. He was associated with other gods, including Menhyt (his consort), Nebtu (the goddess of the countryside) and Hka (the manifestation of vital energy). While all that remains of the temple is the Great Hypostyle Hall, surrounding ruins of the ancient complex and city have yet to be excavated due to the modern housing built on the site. The temple sits atop the ruins of earlier temple(s). Ptolemy VI originally began this building project, but the Temple of Khnum was a later addition built by the Roman emperor Claudius in the 1st century. The rectangular hall opens to the west. The roof is still intact, supported by 24 columns decorated with a series of text recording hymns to Khnum and relating the annual sacred festivals of Isna with scenes illustrating the surrounding countryside. The sacred festivals are the creation of the universe by Neith, the raising of the sky by Khnum, and his victory over the human rebels. These texts were done between the Graeco-Roman period and the rule of Decius in 250 AD, but were never finished. There are 16 different palm and plant capitals on the columns, still with some good color. Looking up, one might almost feel as though he or she were gazing up in a forest. The columns also record other nearby temples, including one at Kom Mer 7 1/2 miles south of Isna which has been excavated. The west wall of the Temple of Khnum is all that remains of the original Ptolemaic temple and has reliefs of Ptolemy VI and Philometor and Euergetes II. In the forecourt of the temple are blocks from an early Christian church. Then also is an inscription found on the back of a block from Emperor Decius decreeing that Christians will suffer death if they do not sacrifice to the pagan gods. Share on Social Media
7 Tips for Writing Your Story's Beginning Deviation Actions DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar Literature Text 7 Tips for Writing Your Story's Beginning Anybody Can Write a Novel 2.0 Chapter 6 “Plot Points” – Section 1 “The Beginning” (Previous Tutorial) (Next Tutorial) "Don't you know that the beginning is the most important part of every work [...] For at that stage it's most plastic, and each thing assimilates itself to the model whose stamp anyone wishes to give to it." When you speak to many writers, editors, and publishers about the topic of prologues, they will generally give you the same piece of advice—skip it. The reason is that even in the rare cases where a prologue is actually relevant and part of the plot, it is usually terrible and boring. However, just because it is a difficult task to do right, does not mean that it has to be terrible; it only means that it has to be carefully set up in such a way so that it is interesting, directly relevant to your plot, and so that it had the same tone as the rest of your story. Today, we're going to discuss how to write the “Beginning” (or Prologue) plot-point and chapter. Tip 1: Understand what purposes the Beginning needs to serve for your story. The purpose of your Prologue is to set your story up for the most dynamic and comprehensive Inciting Incident—the plot-point at which you hero's life changes forever—possible. In “Star Wars – A New Hope” the Inciting Incident is the point at which our hero, Luke Skywalker, meets his mentor, Ben Kenobi, and is invited to learn to be a Jedi and to help save Princess Leia. With that being established, everything that happens before the Inciting Incident—Leia's being captured, the journey of the droids, and getting to know Luke—are all part of the Beginning. For the Inciting Incident to be dramatic and meaningful, we had to know a little bit about the story—the cast of major characters at play, the power of the Jedi/Sith, and a little about the world. Had the story started with Luke being knocked out by Sand People, the audience would have been completely unaware of the dynamic of the struggle, the galactic scale, the power of the villain, or what was at stake, and therefore would have made less sense and been far less impressive. Now, what are the basic things that your audience needs to know to be be able to appreciate your Inciting Incident? Compile a list of the events, world exposition, and protagonist actions that are necessary for the Inciting Incident of your own story. Make sure that you are not overloading your audience with boring exposition that could have been better revealed later, but the bare minimum of information necessary to understand what your Inciting Incident means to your hero and his/her world. Tip 2: Make sure that your Beginning is actually part of your plot. The single greatest mistake made when creating a Prologue is writing something that has no bearing on the plot itself. It helps us to get to know the world and the characters, but creates no sort of foundation from which to launch the story. Imagine, for example, had “A New Hope” started with Luke's childhood, instead of Leia's capture. Through that hypothetical Beginning, we could have learned about the Force, the Empire, and even about Luke, Leia, and Vader, but it would have all been pre-story. There would have been so sense of urgency, and no feeling like we should be engaged and invested from the very beginning. Don't force your reader to wade through an irrelevant short-story (or worse, bland exposition) just to get to the plot; start your story full-on from the Beginning. Tip 3: Set up and build pressure for an explosive Inciting Incident. In “A New Hope” we immediately learn that Luke is tired of living out in the middle of nowhere, staying at home while there are adventures to be had in the great universe. So, the story begins by giving us all the power and potential of a great adventure (a Princess captured by an all-powerful, dark sorcerer) and gradually builds up the pressure as the young hero who craves that adventure comes slowly-closer to it. Some writers might be worried that this will ruin the surprise of the next plot-point; but note that by revealing the setup for the adventure, the movie did not ruin the surprise but built anticipation for a payoff, which was certainly delivered. In your own beginning, you should align your character motivations, along with the events necessary for the Inciting Incident, to take place in a way that will clue your reader in that something significant and exciting is about to go down, in order to build anticipation and interest from the beginning. Tip 4: Create an initial hook for your audience. After you have set up for your Inciting Incident, the second priority for your Beginning is to create a Hook—something that will fuel your reader's interest from the very beginning. In other words, you create a promise that you are vowing to fulfill by the end of the story. When “A New Hope” opens with Darth Vader, wearing lightsaber, sending in armed Stormtroopers, and using the power of the Force, the movie promises action, sword-fights, magic-fights, and a physical struggle between good and evil. Without that scene, we would have had far different expectations or none at all; and had we seen that introduction and then received a story of romance alone, we would have been disappointed because that Beginning scene was a VERY implicit promise. Use your Beginning to subtly make your own promises for some of the greatest things to come in your own story, and you will hook your readers' interest to the plot. Tip 5: Make sure that the Beginning has the same pace and feel as the rest of your novel. A common mistake in writing is that the author will create an exciting Beginning that exists as a False Hook for readers—promising them a payoff that never comes or creating a manipulatively impressive feel at the beginning that does not last. You can surprise us with a little bit of misdirection (like revealing that, along with the epic war and fighting, there will also be a story of redemption and re-connection between Jedi hero son and Sith warlord father) but make sure that the promised pace, genre, and basic plot stay true. There is no better way to make your reader feel cheated than to reveal an awesome dark wizard, armed with weaponry, and then never bring the climax of a physical battle between hero and villain. So make sure that your tone, writing style, and level of excitement in your Beginning matches up with the rest of your novel. Tip 6: Establish the norms of your world before the Inciting Incident. Your last priority is to establish what your world or the life of your protagonist was like, before the Inciting Incident. We do this in order to create an appreciation for how much the Inciting Incident has changed things for the Protagonist, creating an impressive contrast, just like that between the Luke the whiny and bored kid living in the desert, and Luke who is a Jedi Master and leader of the rebellion. However, as we discussed before, this must be done in the subtle details. Instead of showing your adult protagonist's childhood, if this was the contrast you wanted to create, reveal subtle details that tell a lot about what that character's childhood was like, while they work towards the Inciting Incident. If the story starts with the main character waking up in a stinky old van, and walking towards his janitor job at the chemical factory where the zombies are going to originate, then we know that he/she is likely homeless and probably has a drug addiction, depending on the paraphernalia within the van, which reveals a bad home life or unsupportive family. Use subtle details to show us what we need to know, but always keep on track towards the next plot-point. Tip 7: Once you have finished writing the Beginning, know what to cut and save for later. Remember that the Beginning is not your world's exposition trash-bin. If you see paragraphs of non-essential exposition (meaning, you could cut it and detract nothing from the Inciting Incident), cut it, put it in a separate document, and save it for later. If your Darth Vader, for example, has a monologue about how the Empire came to control the galaxy, it may very well be important information, but too tedious for the section of your book that should be dedicated to hooking the reader. If anything can be cut, without it affecting the power of the Inciting Incident, cut it. It's just filler information that can be more subtly revealed later in the story, once your audience is invested in the plot, characters, and world, enough to care. Weekly Recommended Watching: “Star Wars – A New Hope” (To review a powerful Beginning that is the foundation of not only the movie's story-arc but to the overarching plot of the entire trilogy.) Write-A-Novel Exercise 6.1 Write the first draft of your Story's Beginning chapter, following the tips above. This is a first draft, so focus on completion, not perfection. End the chapter with a small note that explains what you have planned for the Inciting Incident. Later, we will begin revising and you can make much more substantial improvements, than if you remain stuck in the chapter. Critique other writer's work ONLY by judging which information loses you in disinterest, which information is confusing or unclear, and which information feels irrelevant to the inciting incident. This is not the place to critique plot, spelling, character development, or other finer details. Below is a link to my own first draft. Click Here to see my full gallery of writing tutorials! Go to the previous/next tutorial. And: josephblakeparker.deviantart.c… © 2016 - 2021 DesdemonaDeBlake ReishaTerrin's avatar Some examples of each tip/step would be helpful (at least to me XD) but i like this. My only issue is.. how to begin my beginning... I have to many different ways drafted haha. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar haha, can't help you there :) ReishaTerrin's avatar But you're my mentor ! XD nah its okay haha. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar Haha, in seriousness though, I would pick the beginning of your beginning that is most entertaining and interesting. Go for the best hook, and get your readers to just turn past the first page. HobbyWriter's avatar I remember reading the first Game of Thrones book at a young age (I did not know how violent and sexual the series really was), and I was hooked by the prologue. Despite the sex and violence later in the book (which I am not a fan of), I read about 150-160 pages in because the prologue got me so excited. I respect George RR Martin and the quality of his work, but the Game of Thrones did not appeal to me at all. The prologue was amazing, but I felt the rest of what I read couldn't meet it. I shouldn't say anything since I am fairly uncertain on how to write a prologue myself. My newest prologue was full of confusing pronouns because of symbolic reasons, and it was more to show my character and his dreams than the story itself, though I think it did do something good. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar Well even if you can't write one yet, it's important to be able to identify the mistakes, even in professional ones, so you have a better idea of the mistakes that you want to avoid. On a minor advice note, I would recommend writing an alternate introduction with zero symbolism, zero vagueness, and zero confusion, to see if your original actually works by comparison. Don't get me wrong, it might, but that is murky literary water that can push away readers in a heartbeat. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar I read through it. Overall, good hook. I'm not into giving very cutting critiques until the first draft of the novel is complete (as to not burn your momentum) so just keep on the good work :) HobbyWriter's avatar Thank you. I do praise myself on my hooks :D (and my jabs, too - that was awful) HobbyWriter's avatar Then it doesn't work, I needed to use the prologue for that, because I couldn't squeeze it in otherwise. It would kill the pacing of the story, which is bad, especially if it is important information. Better to let informed and keen readers pick up on it. Totenkopfgitarrist's avatar Yeah, writing the start is probably one of the hardest things to do. Giving the readers enough information to judge for themselves (I personally hate nothing more than to wait for the book to tell me, if a situation is good or bad), but also still being compelling enough. I myself have the problem, that the start is quite slow as it starts with a "normal life" in which the rules of the world are explained, before starting off with the inciting incident as big change. So I'm quite focused to show that there is "action" in this world as expectation for the future development. But still redraft the start every so often undecided between two ways. Using either a flashback or foreshadowing a second character used in a later incident/plot turn. sigh I really don't like writing the start -.-'' DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar The start is tremendously difficult ... but significantly easier if you can simply accept the fact that it will require more work and then just take the entire book draft by draft, instead of trying to get it perfect from the start :) Totenkopfgitarrist's avatar Yeah, my problem is that I write a webnovel. So while there are some changes possible, I really need to start with the beginning at some point. But for now I just draft the first version of the first chapters and change things a bit while actually writing it again... :D Graeystone's avatar Also use this period of writing to figure out the story's ending. If you use the time to write a good beginning then take the time to figure out a good ending. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar Yepyep. If people are following this chronologically, they've already drafted their entire first outline by this point. Koimonsters-khaos's avatar DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar AliceSacco's avatar I though the beginning can be 'who is the protagonist?' 'What does he wants?' 'Where the story takes place?' Then you need the inciting incident. More like your point 3 and 6. I hate when stories start in the middle of the action, without any indication about who is the protagonist and where the story takes action. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar Well, the goal is to start at the beginning of the story, not in the middle of it (no major action necessarily has to be happening yet, only the establishment of the main plot). My point is that you should not start your novel in a bubble of non-story (an introduction that serves NO plot purpose other than introduction to the protagonist). I use the example of action, because Star Wars is an action-oriented movie, but the amount of action you would have, and the nature of how close you would start to your protagonist would depend completely on what type of story you were telling, and what your style was. As for the Protagonist, yes it is usually best to start with them, and definitely better if you can at least indicate who they will be, though not always possible depending on the type of story/narration/style you are using; and their goals will usually not be cemented or established until after the inciting incident and first turning point (which we will definitely get to). Take the first book of the Wheel of Time, for example, where the story starts off hundreds of years before the birth of the heroes. Or Moby Dick, where the story is not told from the point of view of the protagonist, but as a member of the crew who joins. I hope that clarifies things :) Duperghoul's avatar I spent the entire day reading. Reading the first few chapters of various novels, of course. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar Awesome :) Notice any particular strengths of any particular novel? Some action the author deliberately took, and the direct effect that had on the reader? Duperghoul's avatar I've noticed that the main characters are introduced in the first 5-7 chapters. Some don't enter the danger right away and only subtly hint at the twist ending. starboltarts's avatar Thank god I found this when I did. As circumstance goes this is exactly what I need for an exercise of my own, and it is really uncanny reading this and seeing the same words here, which I've used myself to critique, based on personal observation. Thank you very much my friend. DesdemonaDeBlake's avatar I'm glad you find it helpful :)
Bulky waste left in your front garden could land you with a criminal record. Most rubbish from residential properties is dealt with by normal waste collections but not all councils will accept certain large and hazardous items, reports SomersetLive. Some landowners and businesses have special permits to keep unusual and dangerous waste but this does not apply to everyone. Residents who keep such items in gardens or houses without permission could fall foul of the Environment Agency. Appliances including fridge freezers and air conditioning units contain chemicals known as fluorinated hydrocarbons and contact with these should be avoided. Any householder or landowner has a duty of care to ensure waste on their land is appropriately disposed of, whether by themselves or through a council or private service. The government warns that anyone who does not meet this duty of care or "does not take all reasonable measures available" to do so, could be liable to prosecution and, if convicted, face a fine and a criminal record. This could include leaving these kinds of discarded items on your land or in your gardens. This is what you need to be aware of... Items classified as hazardous waste All people have a duty of care to correctly store or dispose of any waste products on their land, particularly those classified as hazardous. It is classified as such if it, or any materials it contains, are likely to be harmful to other people or the environment. A number of items that might be found stored in people's houses or gardens may be hazardous, include: • Asbestos • Chemicals (such as brake fluid or print toner) • Batteries • Car tyres • Gas containers • Pesticides • Low-energy light bulbs and fluorescent tubes • Equipment such as fridges containing "ozone-depleting substances" • Lead-based paint It is the responsibility of the land or homeowner to arrange any special removals or treatment that is needed. Keeping these controlled waste items on your land, particularly in large quantities, can be considered as not fulfilling your duty of care to safely dispose of hazardous waste and as such could leave you open to prosecution. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 says it is an offence to "keep or manage controlled waste in a manner likely to cause pollution of the environment or harm to human health", even regarding simple household waste, at a house or in a garden. Exemptions are available for the storage of all kinds of waste, particularly on commercial and business land - for full details on these, see the Environment Agency website. Is keeping waste on your own land fly-tipping? The law seems to consider someone keeping rubbish on their land, or not disposing of such waste appropriately, as a form of fly-tipping. It is defined as the "illegal deposit of any waste onto land that does not have a licence to accept it", which does also apply to any land you control, such as the front or back garden of a house. The government guidance on fly-tipping indicates that even on your own land, the practice is illegal. It says: "It’s against the law to allow fly-tipping on your land as fly-tipped waste can harm human health or the environment." Any landowner who finds waste on their land must arrange the safe removal of it and pay for the removal and disposal from their own pocket, or face potential Environment Agency or local council action. People have previously been fined for keeping large amounts of waste on their own land and been convicted of fly-tipping on their own land. How should waste be disposed of? Most household waste can be taken by regular council pick-ups, but bigger or specialist items need to be disposed of in different ways. Some councils can pick up and dispose of bigger items like white goods and old sofas through special collections, which must be arranged and paid for by the person in possession of the waste, or the person can choose to use private waste disposal services which are available. The government publications on the duty of care imposed upon householders to dispose of waste appropriately say that if a normal local authority service cannot dispose of any waste, that person can: • see if your local authority’s household waste and recycling centre accepts the waste and take it yourself • check if your local authority offers special collection services • use a private business that provides a waste collection service • take your waste to a site run by a private business with the appropriate authorisations Can you be fined after waste has been taken away? Any individual must take all reasonable measures to make sure rubbish is being dealt with correctly. The Environment Act says "failure to take reasonable measures to ensure that the transfer of waste is to an authorised person or to a person for authorised transport purposes" is an offence. It is important to check if someone removing and disposing of items for you has a waste carrier’s licence and you should ask where your waste will go. You can check if they are registered with the Environment Agency.
Energy planning first AI training module for the fall (Department of Energy / Flickr) Written by The Department of Energy’s artificial intelligence office plans to address agencies’ struggles developing talent in computer science by releasing its first training module in the fall. Future modules will be developed by the Artificial Intelligence and Technology Office in coordination with DOE‘s 17 National Laboratories and see experts explain the benefits AI can bring to their organizations. Beyond training, DOE components have struggled to recruit, retain and develop a workforce structure for AI professionals, Cheryl Ingstad, director of AITO, said during an AI in Government virtual event Thursday. “One of the things we’ve heard is that the scientists really want to work in the area of their specialty, but they don’t want to become AI experts to utilize these tools or to manage the data,” Ingstad said. “So how do we get data managers and how do we get AI experts to the operational levels here and the research levels to support our scientists that way?” Rather than upskilling, AITO is planning a “conversion” of technically savvy employees with an interest in AI into specialists, she said. DOE has drafted an AI strategy that applies to virtually every aspect of the department, but it remains under review, Ingstad said. She plans to chair an AI working group for sharing best practices and supplying dashboards that inform transformations across agencies. A big part of DOE’s AI strategy are cross-cutting partnerships between internal offices and external agencies, academia, first responders, and companies, Ingstad said. That includes partnerships addressing adversarial AI, cyberattacks that cause machine learning models to misinterpret system inputs and behave the way the adversary wants them to act. Autonomous decision-making will eventually be tied to datasets, but defending against adversarial AI extends beyond data to securing AI tools during every stage of development. Developers must think like attackers and look for lines of attack when creating AI tools, Ingstad said. AITO adversarial AI partnerships are in the beginning stages, but DOE sees itself as entering a new “space race” with AI for the next several decades most likely, she said. “It matters who wins,” Ingstad said. “We are in this race against others, who do not have the same values that we have.” -In this Story- Artificial Intelligence & Technology Office (AITO), Cheryl Ingstad, Department of Energy (DOE), National Labs
Temple Courts The Temple was surrounded by the Temple Court. In front of the Temple stood the Altar, the Laver (Basin) and pillars and tables that were used in the preparation of sacrifices. Several gates and other buildings stood to the north and south of the Temple. On the east (centre left), was the large Court of the Women, also known in the Gospels as the Treasury. The Eastern Wall of the Temple Mount with the Shushan Gate and the city wall can be seen at the bottom of the image.
Day 1 News Writing lesson Students will be introduced to the inverted pyramid style of writing. 1. PowerPoint presentation 2. Guided writing activity 3. Individual learning activity 1. Level 1 (Basic) understanding of the inverted pyramid 2. Level 1 (Proficient) application and use of the inverted pyramid 1. News Writing PowerPoint Day 1 2. Guided writing activity collateral (News Writing Guided Writing Day 1) 3. Individual learning activity Steps to check for student understanding 2. Guided writing activity should provide teacher with a measure of how each student is grasping and understanding. 1. Suggested bell ringer: Do you feel that reporters should be granted special access to scenes of accidents or crimes? Why or why not? 2. Teacher will present PowerPoint on inverted pyramid. Students should take notes. Teacher can also pass out Inverted Pyramid diagram so that students can take notes on that. 3. Teacher will lead students in Guided Writing Activity. 4. Students will share their articles out loud. 5. Students will evaluate each article using the student mini-eval and offering suggestions; students should share their evaluations with each student respectively. 6. Teacher will make sure to discuss any issues that may have presented as students begin to practice this type of writing. If three or more students made the same mistake, the process may need to be revisited for correction. 7. Teacher will assign the Guided Writing Activity as an Individual Learning Activity to take home. Students should be instructed to email the teacher the link to the information they are using. 1. Exit slip: Define “lede.”
This article is published in collaboration with Techonomy. The Internet is the new frontier for crime, and an increasingly profitable frontier at that. The average cost to a U.S. organization due to computer hacking is an astonishing $15.4 million annually, among the companies surveyed by the Ponemon Institute for its 2015 Cost of Cyber Crime study. Industry experts believe that many security incidents go unreported and the actual amount may be significantly higher. In a world where computers are used virtually everywhere and a web address is the lingua franca for global business, the mandate to protect our digital realm has never been more important. As we think about information security within personal, organizational and national dimensions, it is important that we understand who the attackers are and how they operate so successfully in order to create solutions to counteract them. The hacking ecosystem is breathtaking in its breadth and sophistication. It is no longer limited to rogue actors and the disaffected youth. Organized crime took notice of the opportunities in cybercrime more than 20 years ago and has built a complex, specialized economy. Some groups build the hacking tools and sell them for an exorbitant profit. Others buy the hacking tools and use them to attack organizations to steal valuable assets or blackmail the target to stop attacks and return property. Still others exist to launder stolen assets through a myriad of digital currencies. It is an economy that works very well for the bad guys. Unfortunately, it gets worse. It isn’t just a matter of criminal organizations. Nation-states are stockpiling cyber weapons capable of disrupting power grids and banking systems, among other targets. Political activists and terrorists are also significant players in efforts to destroy their enemies through digital means. The cybercrime economy is robust. A company recently paid $1 million for a single remotely exploitable vulnerability for the latest version of iOS. These vulnerabilities are converted into highly advanced malware that may operate in stealth for months or even years, replicating silently, draining its host, or waiting for the perfect time for a massive attack. When we consider the efforts of the good guys to mitigate the risks of these advanced threats, the task is not hopeless, but it does require information security professionals to completely rethink their strategies. When computer viruses came along at the rate of a few per year and the value of the data was relatively modest, we used to think about focusing on preventative solutions. In a world where even cars are being attacked by hackers, the sheer number of threats overwhelms this approach. The smart money is going towards making our organizations more nimble and intelligent in responding to attacks. Detecting attacks more quickly, containing the extent of the damage and effecting a rapid recovery have great potential for improving our cybersecurity posture. Advanced organizations are becoming more proactive and are “hunting” for indicators of compromise or particular exposures and are taking action on these before they have an opportunity to manifest. There are several evolving areas of interest for information security professionals. Detecting incidents more quickly, understanding the end goals of the attacks and finding creative solutions for survivability are gaining attention. Many companies are investing in threat intelligence, which not only provide greater insights into active hacking groups but may even predict which companies they are targeting. We are also seeing an increase in the use of Big Data to perform security analytics on virtually every computer an organization has to find correlated activities that may indicate a compromise. Today, it is quite common for an organization that was hacked to remain quiet about it unless they have a specific mandated reporting requirement. The analogy of information security teams acting as private fire departments, putting out their own fires but watching the neighbor’s house burn down is apt. Sharing of incidents may not be extremely useful to the very first company attacked by a specific instance of advanced malware. However, each successive organization that received the incident information will reap an enormous windfall, as they will be able to prioritize and respond to serious problems. Those that purchase an iPhone bug for $1 million are counting on a significant half-life for that vulnerability and an ability to monetize it over the course of thousands of attacks. Incident sharing disrupts the economics of the bad guys, while providing the good guys with actionable intelligence to catch a hack in progress much sooner in its lifecycle. We think the concept of incident sharing is powerful, but must be implemented in a structured way. Communities that share must have their participants vetted, and must have their identities protected. Rackspace, where I work, is committed to working through the challenges of incident sharing, and recently agreed to chair an effort to create a Cyber Incident Sharing Center for cloud providers with the Cloud Security Alliance. We expect to lead efforts to work with our competitors to make information sharing of security incidents a common part of the next generation of information security strategies and a major disruption to the Internet criminal underground. At present, it profits on our inability to collaborate. To keep up with the Agenda subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Author: Brian Kelly is chief security officer of Rackspace. Image: A hand is silhouetted in front of a computer screen in this picture illustration. REUTERS/Pawel Kopczynski.
Lowering Emissions for a Greener World These days it isn’t just a few highly progressive outliers in business that are concerned with lowering emissions. Environmental friendliness is a philosophy that is now being embraced by some of the biggest manufacturers and profit-driven companies. At this point, we’ve seen plenty of the negative effects of pollution, and even realized that green technology can lead to lower costs and more profit in the long run. Most importantly, however, is that we are treating the world around us with respect and care, doing everything we can to lower emissions and allow the environment to thrive. For those in transportation, this can be a bit of a challenge, but there are several steps that all logistics companies can take to become more friendly to the environment. Some basic, cheaper ideas include installing mud flaps and trailer tails to reduce drag and make the truck more aerodynamic, helping it to become more fuel efficient. Carriers can also help reduce the number of miles driven by focusing on route optimization, making sure that dispatchers and drivers alike are working together to formulate the most efficient path of travel for delivery. Drivers should be sure to monitor their particulate filter and to clean it regularly before it becomes too bogged down by ash and soot. For trucks with engines that allow biodiesel to be used, it is an excellent option for running more cleanly. The most important method of lowering emissions in logistics is to optimize every shipment and ensure there’s no wasted space on any truck. The less “empty space” we have in our trailers, the fewer trucks we can have on the road at any given time. This reduction in emissions will provide cleaner air and reduce the wear and tear on our roads. It is a cycle of sustainability, one that we can all do our part. These are simple changes that most carriers can make to reduce their carbon footprint, but the future of trucking may make it even simpler. Hybrid trucks are becoming more of a reality, and while they will still use the diesel engine at high speeds, they will drastically cut down on emissions in city and final-mile driving, where much of the pollution takes place simply from idling or sitting in traffic. Eventually, fully electric trucks may come into existence, eliminating the need for fossil fuels altogether. In the meantime, we are constantly seeing new, innovative technologies that serve to reduce our emissions as long as we are reliant on these fuels, and all those who are involved in the transportation field should be embracing these tools. To see how we can reduce your carbon footprint with our sustainability report, start today with Zip Xpress! Getting More Drivers on the Road: The Push for Recruitment It is currently estimated that there are about 3.5 million truck drivers actively working in the USA. This looks like a large number on the surface, but the fact remains that there is still a massive shortage of truck drivers, and shippers have been struggling to cover all their freight for several years now. The manufacturing boom has slowed a bit, but the amount of product being produced is still outweighing the number of trucks that are available to carry it. As many lifetime drivers are retiring, younger people simply aren’t as attracted to a profession that was once seen as highly desirable. This is why carriers must focus on new trends and put extra effort into recruiting drivers if they want to continue to be successful. Carriers can try to focus on the changing landscape of the industry to entice younger people as well as those who weren’t traditionally seen as the truck-driving type. This includes focusing on diversity and reaching out to women who currently only make up 8% of the pool of cross-country truckers. As attitudes change across the industry, there aren’t as many barriers to entry for women and minorities to get their CDL and to become successful drivers. Similarly, carriers should push hard for a strong millennial outreach program, highlighting why driving might have benefits for young people who don’t yet have families. Some of these advantages include flexibility, great pay if you work hard, and the perk of getting to see parts of the country that you may have never made it to before. At Zip Xpress, we understand that the profession isn’t going away anytime soon. Potential drivers will need to work hard, but the benefits are rewarding to those who put in the effort. All of our partners in manufacturing still need their products shipped, nothing will replace this reality. Moving this product by truck is still the most effective way to get this done. Emphasizing that a job in trucking can be a flexible, lucrative, and long-lasting career is a vital part of improving a carrier’s recruitment program. To see how our professional drivers can handle your freight, start today with Zip Xpress! Specialized Freight – Highlighting Automation Over the past few years, we’ve seen an industry transform itself and become explosive with innovation. From humble origins of stands and conveyors, the automation industry is now on the cutting edge with sensors, lighting units and robotic arms that look like they belong in a science fiction book. Those machines are fueling a new industrial revolution, but in order for progress to be achieved, those machines need to get to their final destination. Manufacturers everywhere can imagine the horror of seeing a truck arrive with a dozen robotic arms and three of them have their paint chipped. Two more had their sensors ripped off due to a box falling on top of them. Three others even had a finger knocked off of the wrist joint. Now the customer needs to file a claim with the shipper, who needs to transport the defective units back to the manufacturing plant. The original shipper won’t be satisfied because they need to refurbish, replace and diagnose any unseen issues from being damaged in transit. The result is loss of revenue for all three, from making repairs, transporting an additional trip and loss of time in production. All of this in a rushed effort to ship with a carrier that isn’t experienced in handling such delicate machinery. Manufacturers in the automation industry never have to worry about such horror stories when they partner with Zip Xpress. We’re experienced at handling every piece of automation equipment – from conveyors to industrial robots. We understand how precise the equipment must be, so our dockworkers take extra care when loading and strapping the machines into place. We provide automation companies with the custom carrier solutions required to ensure that these machines arrive in the same condition we found them in. To see for yourself how carefully we can handle your machinery, start today with Zip Xpress! Competency in Compliance
Most Hearing Aids Are Not Actually Used – Part 1 If so many people with hearing loss don’t wear their hearing aids (in some cases because hearing aids don’t work very well), they can’t get any benefits from their preventing dementia, falls, depression, and other maladies. But there are a lot of reasons why many hearing aids don’t work well, and why people are uncomfortable even with “working” hearing aids. One of the most frequent reasons that people put their hearing aids in a drawer and don’t wear them is that the hearing aid they purchased actually doesn’t work well FOR THEM. The process of having one’s hearing tested and a hearing aid purchased appears to suffer from a “one size fits all” syndrome. There seems to be such a a long and steep “learning curve” to the process of diagnosis, prescription, and training that many people run out of patience and simply give up. Apparently the high cost of hearing aids is not a sufficient motivation for buyers to “soldier on” to the point of discovering the benefits of the devices. However, it is important to remember that the brain plays an important role in hearing. It is not the ear itself that needs to learn, but the brain has to learn to deal with a different set of inputs. And this cannot be done full-time, as we all have to continue all of the rest of our thinking and acting too. The non-use of hearing aids has strongly piqued the curiosity of scientists, who have conducted numerous studies. Unfortunately these studies seem to have focused more on their methodology than on discovering the principal reasons for non-use of the hearing aids themselves.
≡ Menu Plant Profile: Common Grape (Vitis vinifera) Also called European grape, this deciduous woody vine is native to the riversides and damp woos in the Mediterranean region including central Europe, southwestern Asia, andnorth Africa, and was first domesticated about 3500-3000 BC in southwest Asia. It is a member of the Vitaceae plant family that also includes Virgina creeper. The vines grow can grow 40-60′ long by branched tendrils and have flaky bark and heart-shaped palmate leaves with 3-7 lobes. The leaves are 5-9″ across and have coarsely toothed margins. Dense panicles of small greenish flowers appear in spring and give way to berries (known as grapes) that ripen in late summer to early fall. There are between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of grapes and they are grown mostly for wine and food. Grape plant leaves and stems are attractive, however, and the plants can be used ornamentally and as a screen on a fence or other garden structure. The genus name, Vitis, is the classical Latin name for the wild grape. The specific epithet, vinifera, comes from the Latin words vinum meaning wine, and ferre, meaning to bear.Type: Woody deciduous vine Outstanding Feature:Fruit, leaf Form: Climbing vine Growth Rate: Rapid Bloom: Panicles of small greenish flowers in spring Size: 40-60′ long Light:Full sun Soil: fertile, medium moist, well-drained but tolerates less if soil is well-drained; does poorly in hot humid conditions. Hardiness: Zones 6-10 Care: High maintenance including disease and pest control, and prunning if cultivated for fruits. Pests and Diseases: Very numerous including anthracnose, black rot, botrytis bunch rot, crown gall, downy and powdery mildew, gray mold and phomopsis; flea beetle, grape berry moth, Japanese beetle, leaf hopper, leaf roller, mealy bugs, and phylloxera. Propagation: Cuttings, buddings Outstanding Selections: The species is rarely grown. Major red wine grape varieties include Merlot, Cabernet Savignon, Pinot noir, Shiraz, and Grenache; major white grape varieites include Chardonnay, Savignon blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot blanc, Riesling Photo Credit:Wikipedia
Send this article to a friend: Can the Dollar Survive Both Cryptocurrencies and China? Alexander Herborn and Gunther Schnabl In his book Denationalisation of Money, F.A. Hayek argued that governments have never devoted their power to providing proper money over time. They “have refrained from grossly abusing it only when they were under such a discipline as the gold standard imposed.”1 The gold backing of the US dollar as the global reserve currency was lifted in the early 1970s, and paper currencies, so-called fiat currencies, have since become the norm. Following this decision, the paper currencies have dramatically lost value against gold (figure 1). Since the turn of the millennium, this process has substantially accelerated. Figure 1: Gold Price in US Dollars Source: Reuters. For the past twenty to thirty years, the Federal Reserve and other major central banks have been steadily lowering interest rates and purchasing large amounts of government bonds as well as other assets such as corporate bonds and asset-backed securities. This has undermined the confidence in the US dollar and the euro as the world’s leading reserve currencies. A flight into tangible assets has set in, such that stocks, real estate, and precious metals have risen sharply in price. Competitors for the “exorbitant privilege” (Giscard d’Estaing) of the reserve currency have appeared, as those who issue the global reserve currencies benefit from virtually unlimited borrowing opportunities and immense profits from money creation.2 The competition has three dimensions. Firstly, decentralized private digital currencies have emerged in contrast to the public monopolies on creating money. Anyone can create (mine) the pioneer bitcoin, but the supply is credibly limited. The exchange rates to paper (fiat) currencies float. Unlike the fiat moneys, which are based on the traditional banking system, payments are cryptographically legitimized and do not require a central intermediary. Other cryptocurrencies (decentralized or centralized) such as ether, ripple, tether, and dogecoin have been created (“altcoins”), but they are considered only more or (mostly) less equal to bitcoin in terms of credibility. The sharp increase in the value of cryptocurrencies measured in fiat currencies (figure 2) indicates that—despite strong fluctuations—many people trust in their store-of-value function. Figure 2: Price of a Bitcoin in US Dollars Source: Reuters. Secondly, a consortium of private companies around the internet giant Facebook intends to join in the competition for the money monopoly. In contrast to many cryptocurrencies, diem (formerly libra) is to be pegged to the US dollar (or the euro).3 It is therefore referred to as a “stablecoin.” The credibility of this peg is essential for the credibility of stablecoins, akin to bank deposits and money market fund shares.4 The popularity of Facebook could provoke a rapid spread of diem. The advantage of diem could be that international payments require no intermediaries and are cheaper. Especially for many people in developing countries who do not have a bank account, diem could be attractive. If one day the currently announced fixed exchange rate were to be relaxed in favor of a gradual appreciation path, the incentive to exchange US dollars or euros for diem would be great. Part of the seigniorage of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank (ECB), and other central banks could then go into the pockets of Facebook and Co. Thirdly, competition for the exorbitant privilege also seems to have emerged among paper currencies. Up to now, all major central banks had expanded their balance sheets in tandem with the Fed, such that competition among fiat currencies was de facto suspended. Yet China, which has long resented the US dollar’s reserve currency status, may now back out of this arrangement.5 Many trade and financial transactions in East Asia are settled in US dollars, and the currencies of the East Asian countries are still pegged to the greenback. Whenever the Fed expands the money supply through purchases of US government bonds, the central banks in East Asia are compelled to buy US dollars. In this way, they help finance US government spending—e.g., expensive bailouts on the financial markets. Ronald I. McKinnon spoke of a quasi-unlimited credit line for the US, which is increasingly viewed with suspicion in East Asia (“the unloved dollar standard”).6 Figure 3: China’s Holdings of US Government Bonds Source: US Treasury. Since 2014, China has been gradually reducing its holdings of US government bonds (figure 3). Instead of holding US government bonds, investments were made in infrastructure in developing countries and, like Russia, China increased its gold holdings (figure 4). In addition, the balance sheet of the People’s Bank of China has been growing at a much slower pace than that of the Fed. This was especially true during the corona crisis, in which the Fed again greatly expanded its balance sheet to stabilize the US economy. For the past year, an appreciation trend of the renminbi against the US dollar has been observed, such that the incentive to exchange greenbacks for renminbi is growing. Similarly to Germany and Western Europe in the 1970s, China and the neighbors with which it is strongly intertwined economically could break away from the US dollar.7 Moreover, China has rushed ahead with the development of a digital renminbi whose payment system could undermine US supremacy in international financial transactions.8 Figure 4: Official Gold Holdings of China and Russia Source: World Gold Council. Note: there is controversy about the real gold holdings. However, the major central banks will not stand idly by and watch this competition. The ECB and Fed are working intensively on the development of their own central bank digital currencies (CBDC), which may enable decentralized payments outside of commercial banks.9 If citizens were skeptical of digital euros and dollars, strict regulation or even a ban on private cryptocurrencies could foster the popularity of central bank digital currencies. Warnings from key central bank officials such as Christine Lagarde and Andrew Bailey that cryptocurrencies are used in shady transactions and carry the risk of total loss do not appear to be a sufficient deterrent.10 The People’s Bank of China has already banned cryptocurrencies as a means of payment. The outcome of this race is uncertain. What is certain is that the credibility of the leading fiat currencies has suffered substantially. Their instability has fueled crises and weakened growth, so the demand for an alternative store of value is high.11 Who will hold up best against the public currency monopolies of the dollar and euro will likely depend on the quality of the underlying technology (bitcoin versus altcoins) and the influence of the institution behind it (Facebook versus People’s Bank of China). Among the prominent competitors only bitcoin seems to have a built-in stability and thereby a built-in credibility. The upcoming reduction of transactions costs could finally strengthen bitcoins function as medium of exchange.12 But perhaps, in the face of growing competition, the major central banks will return to the virtue of monetary stability. At the end of the high inflation phase of the 1970s, Paul Volcker, as the new Fed chairman, broke the back of inflation with sharp interest rate increases.13 This also secured the international reserve currency status of the US dollar, which had become challenged by the German mark. Now bitcoin or the Chinese yuan could take over the role that the German mark had in the 1970s. If this were to happen now, it would be evidence of the disciplining effect of currency competition as suggested by Hayek.14 • 1.F.A. Hayek, Denationalisation of Money—the Argument Refined (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1976), p. 36. • 2.Ronald I. McKinnon, The Unloved Dollar Standard: From Bretton Woods to the Rise of China (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013). • 3.Libra Association, white paper, version 2.0, April 2020. • 4.Usman W. Chohan, “Are Stable Coins Stable?” (working paper, Critical Blockchain Research Initiative, Mar. 29, 2020). • 5.Gunther Schnabl, “Central Banking and Crisis Management from the Perspective of Austrian Business Cycle Theory,” in David G. Mayes, Pierre L. Siklos, and Jan-Egbert Sturm, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Central Banking(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), pp. 551–84. • 6.McKinnon, Unloved Dollar Standard. • 7.Schnabl, “Central Banking and Crisis Management.” • 8.J. Knoerich, “China’s New Digital Currency: Implications for Renminbi Internationalization and the US Dollar,” in Fabrizio Botti and Nicola Bilotta, eds., The (Near) Future of Central Bank Digital Currencies: Risks and Opportunities for the Global Economy and Society (Bern: Peter Lang, 2021), pp. 145–66. • 9.European Central Bank, Report on a Digital Euro (Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank, 2020); and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Federal Reserve Chair Jerome H. Powell Outlines the Federal Reserve’s Response to Technological Advances Driving Rapid Change in the Global Payments Landscape,” press release, May 20, 2021. • 10.Reuters, “ECB’s Lagarde Calls for Regulating Bitcoin’s ‘Funny Business’,” Jan. 13, 2021; and House of Commons Treasury Committee, Oral Evidence: Bank of England Monetary Policy Reports, HC 142, May 24, 2021. • 11.Schnabl, “Central Banking and Crisis Management.” • 12.Peter St. Onge, “Can the Lightning Network Lead to ‘Hyperbitcoinization’?,” Mises Wire July 7, 2021. • 13.Paul Volcker, Keeping at It: The Quest for Sound Money and Good Government (New York: PublicAffairs, 2018). • 14.Hayek, Denationalisation of Money. Alexander Herborn is a research assistant in the department of economics at Leipzig University, Germany. Send this article to a friend:
Monday, March 29 Kinds of Tags Tags of Diction Here are a few descriptions of diction: "Intoned monotonously like a sleep-walker," MacDonald Harris Accents & Jargon Here are a few examples: Tags Help Readers Recall A Character To Mind A word about traits 1. Coming Home, by Edith Wharton. 2. Diction, Wikipedia -- -- How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Instagram: @KarenWoodwardWriter YouTube: The Writer's Craft Blog posts you might like: Thursday, March 25 How to Write a Genre Story: A Character's Dominant Attitude A character’s attitude Example 1: Mr. Midgley Example 2: Monica Geller from Friends Example 3: Mr. Monk The Dominant Attitude Attitudes and beliefs Above, I’ve mentioned a belief. Dominant Attitude and Theme Good writing. I’ll talk to you on Monday. How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Instagram: @KarenWoodwardWriter YouTube: The Writer's Craft Blog posts you might like: Monday, March 22 How to Write a Genre Story: Dwight V. Swain and the Dominant Impression "A tag is a label, but a limited, specialized label. It identifies a character and helps your readers distinguish one story person from another." (Dwight V. Swain, Creating Characters: How To Build Story People) Tags or labels are important because they are a practical, concrete way of making a character memorable. In my last post I introduced the idea of a character tag or label. In this post I would like to look at this through the lens of what Dwight V. Swain has to say about what he calls a character's Dominant Impression. (In my next post I'll take a look at a character's Dominant Attitude.) In the following I’ve drawn from Dwight V. Swain’s excellent book, Creating Characters as well as Jim Butcher’s Livejournal posts. (Here’s a link to an index I put together for Butcher’s posts about writing: Jim Butcher On Writing.) Dominant Impression One of the most effective ways of using tags or labels is through formulating a dominant impression for each character. In this post I'm going to go over what a dominant impression is and how it achieves its effect. Swain tells us that a character’s dominant impression is made up of her gender, age, vocation and manner. Since the importance of a character's gender and age are obvious, I will only go over vocation and manner. Noun of Vocation The noun of vocation is the one word that best describes either what the character does or how they define themselves. Swain writes that the noun of vocation should communicate the character’s occupation as well as their role in society. For example, “server” or “artist.” The noun of vocation isn’t necessarily what a person does for a living. Many people define themselves by their skills AND their passions and not just in terms of what they do to earn a living. For example, a struggling actor who doesn’t yet make enough to pay the rent may pay rent by being a server, but they think about themselves as an actor. Or not. It’s up to you and what you want to say about the character. A tag is like a shorthand for something else. “His eyes were a shade of blue that made me think of bones bleached by the sun.” In this example, light blue eyes would be a tag. For a tag to be of use, though, it needs to be unique to your character (I’ve written about this in my last post). Defining our terms: tags or labels Before we get too far along I want to talk about how I’m using the word “tag” or “label.” Each tag--and a character’s gender, age, vocation and manner are all tags--identify a character uniquely. Swain uses Kojak as an example; that character's tags were his ever present lollipop and his shaved head. A tag as an object or characteristic A tag can be something like an object that is always--or very nearly always--associated with them. For example, in Jim Butcher’s The Dresden Files series, Harry Dresden’s black duster or his rune carved staff. Or, as I just mentioned, it can be the color of a character’s eyes, as long as it is unusual and unique. A tag as a disposition A tag can also be something one can’t see, something more like a disposition. Think of love. You can get into an argument with someone you love and want to strangle them. Perhaps you even berate yourself for thinking that going out with them that first time was a good idea! But you haven’t really fallen out of love with them, you’ve just had a spat. Love is a disposition. It is something that is there through the lows as well as the highs. Another example: Sherlock Holmes hated to be bored, that was a disposition. We can see instances of him being bored, but we can't see the disposition itself. Dispositions can be called to mind through the use of tags. For instance, the needle Sherlock Holmes used to inject his seven percent solution of cocaine could be used as a tag. In the beginning of a story we might find Sherlock resting in his favorite chair with a syringe lying on the table next to him. That one image, even though static, would give the reader a lot of information about the current state of the character. Okay, onward! Adjective of Manner Dwight V. Swain writes that the adjective of manner is, “ individual’s personal bearing; his or her habitual stance and style.” For example, if I describe someone (this is Swain’s example) as “loud and pushy” this conveys a lot of information about their personality. This is the sort of character description we want. Yes, it’s important to let the reader know the color of a character’s hair and eyes, and so on, but summing up their essential character quickly and memorably is more important. Another thing to note is that adjectives of manner are dispositions, which is the second kind of tag I wrote about, above. Dominant Impression: Summary Putting this together, let’s combine an adjective of manner with a character’s noun of vocation. Adjective of manner: grumpy Noun of vocation: server This gives you the thumbnail description: grumpy server. It conjures up an image. Sure, it needs to be filled out--as it is we are dealing with a two-dimensional character--but it gives us a start, it can serve as a kind of summary of a character, a hook to hang other qualities from. Swain writes, “Make the surly cop a sloppy cop or a forthright cop or friendly cop or worried cop, and he becomes a totally new person. Frequently such switches can even be parlayed into intriguing, character-defining, contradictory touches that add extra interest. Let happenstance throw the wise-cracking secretary into contiguity with the long-faced undertaker...” (Dwight V. Swain, Creating Characters: How to Build Story People.) That made me think of the secretary (Janine Melnitz) and the scientist (Dr. Egon Spengler) from Ghostbusters (1984). That combination worked! Okay, that’s it! Currently I'm publishing a post on Monday and Thursday. On Tuesday I will publish a new interview on my YouTube channel. This week my video will feature poet and prose writer Kevin Gooden. Kevin and I chatted about his experience with the Gotham Writers Workshop, which was overwhelmingly positive, how to write a good cover letter as well as how one's own life experiences can enrich one's writing. Good writing! How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Thursday, March 18 Let’s talk about character tags. In a later post I’ll talk more about how Dwight V. Swain and others thought of tags and traits. In this post I'll provide an overview. Hopefully this post will give you an idea what I mean by “character tag” and why it can be the single most powerful tool in your writer’s tool box. A character tag is something visible--a favorite ugly neon pink scarf, an odd pattern of speech, eyes that turn colour when the character has solved a puzzle--that helps a reader remember a character and bring them back to mind after she has been absent for a few pages. It sounds simple, perhaps even simplistic, but a reader cannot love a character she doesn't remember. I’ve been reading Jim Butcher’s new books in the Harry Dresden series, Peace Talks and Battle Ground. I think Butcher would agree that much of the success of his Dresden Files series is that his readers find the protagonist, Harry Dresden, memorable. (Of course, Butcher’s readers do more than remember Harry, they love him, but getting readers to love your character is a series of posts all by itself. We’ll get there though!) Character tags: an example. “The new mailman, who looked like a basketball with arms and legs and a sunburned, balding head, was chuckling at the sign on the door glass.” (Storm Front, Jim Butcher) This description comes from the fourth paragraph in Storm Front, Butcher’s first book in his Dresden Files series. That’s a good description! He “looked like a basketball with arms and legs.” Okay. Not the kindest thing to say, but I can picture this guy, this new mailman, and I think you can too. And, by the way, even the fact that that wasn’t the kindest thing to point out--after all, I suspect both you and I have a characteristic or two we’re not completely thrilled about--says something about Harry Dresden. That’s because Butcher writes this book from a first person perspective, from Harry’s perspective, and so we are getting not a disembodied narrator's description but Harry’s thoughts. Two kinds of character tags. I think that character tags fall into roughly two categories: some character tags reflect the character’s strengths and weaknesses while others are primarily about making the character memorable. I’ll talk about both, below. Character tags that express core attributes of a character versus those that don’t. Ideally, all character tags would tie into some deep characteristic, something important to that character, something that makes them the character they are: a strength or a weakness. But that doesn’t always happen, and that’s okay. Character tags that are just tags. One of my favorite characters that Agatha Christie created was Mrs. Ariadne Oliver. She wasn’t a major character, only appearing in (I think) nine Poirot stories and one featuring her detective Parker Pyne. Oliver was a self-insertion which is to say that she had many characteristics of Christie herself. Christie occasionally made mistakes with clues, mistakes which fans constantly informed her about. In “Mrs McGinty’s Dead,” Oliver groans about radically underestimating the length of a blowpipe. Well, Christie did this herself in Death on the Clouds. That's just one example. Anyway, Oliver’s tags work for the character but aren’t especially tied to whatever characteristics make her the character she is. For example, Oliver loves apples. She’s always got an apple near her, in her bag, there will be a plate of apples in her room, etc. Another of Oliver’s tags is that she attempts overly intricate hairdos but it doesn’t quite come off. Or, rather, it does! Hairpins work their way loose, etc. Oliver makes decisions based on emotion and not reason--something Oliver refers to as “feminine intuition.” The fact that Ariadne Oliver’s hairdo was always coming loose, fake curls springing out from her head helter skelter, did show that while she liked to be creative, she had these grand plans, but they didn’t really come off the way she wanted them to. And she never noticed that her intuition had led her down a dead end. Though, that said, she did guess the correct murderer in one of the stories before Poirot did (I won’t say which one, that would spoil it), however that seemed to be a fortunate accident; even a broken clock is correct twice a day. Obviously, Mrs Ariadne Oliver was a character that Christie used to assume the role of “The Watson," but also because it amused her to insert herself into the story and gently mock herself. The fact remains that at least one of Oliver’s main tags doesn’t have anything to do with either a strength or a weakness: Oliver's love of apples. That said, it worked wonderfully. Character tags that tie into the deeper self. I think the best tags tie into a character’s strengths or weaknesses. Let’s go over three examples: Nero Wolfe, Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot. Nero Wolfe Nero Wolfe liked to have a comfortable life, he valued a high standard of living. That isn’t necessarily a weakness, but that desire requires a lot of money to fulfill. This demand drove Wolfe’s occasionally lazy self to seek out and solve cases. Also, Wolfe’s desire to stay indoors and enjoy a very comfortable lifestyle made solving cases more difficult. As far as weaknesses go, that’s great! So how did Rex Stout, author of the Nero Wolfe books, visually signal Wolfe’s desire for luxury? Wolfe wore expensive immaculately tailored suits, he loved gourmet food and had his own private chef (Fritz Brenner), he had a passion for cultivating orchids (an expensive hobby), and, above all, he relished never having to leave his brownstone to do physical labour, he had Archie Goodwin for that. In terms of strengths, Wolfe was brilliant and could solve cases that stumped everyone else--IF he was properly motivated. Also, if push came to a very energetic shove, Wolfe was loyal to those who were loyal to him. So, to summarize, there were more tags than just these (I didn’t mention anything about beer), but here are the ones I’ve covered so far. Wolfes’ fine dining and lack of exercise made him obese. Enormous. He likes having his clothes tailor made from the best materials, but I also imagine Wolfe couldn’t just breeze into a department store and buy something off the rack. And then, as I’ve mentioned, there is Wolfe’s love of what are among the most expensive plants to cultivate, orchids. So those are some of Nero Wolfe’s character tags: obese, dapper, lazy, an orchid lover and brilliant. All around, a marvelous character. Since these tags are tied into both Wolfe’s strength (he is very smart and good at solving cases when he is properly motivated) and his weakness (he would would much rather tend orchids and eat delicious food than solve cases) they not only help us remember the character, but bring to mind what makes him interesting. Hercule Poirot I can never decide who is my favorite detective, Hercule Poirot or Sherlock Holmes. I was introduced to Poirot in grade nine when my English teacher asked us to read one of Christie’s most popular novels, “The Murder of Roger Ackroyd.” After that, I quickly worked my way through every detective story Christie had written. Hercule Poirot’s strengths were his intellect and his understanding of psychology. His weaknesses were his immense ego and an anachronistic, rigid, sense of fashion. I would say that Poirot was vain, but if he was, his vanity only extended to his sense of style (because he wasn’t stylish!). But he was usually--though not always--correct when it came to his mental ability. [1] Christie expressed these traits in appearance and behavioral tags. She gave Poirot a mincing walk, an antiquated sense of style, an oddly shaped head (egg shaped), a passion for unhealthy delicacies combined with a disinclination to exercise (she contrasted this with Author Hastings’ love of sports). Another behavioural tag was Poirot’s green eyes which tended to glow when he was in deep thought (this reminds me of Sherlock Holmes playing his violin). Also, Christie gave Poirot the ability to break certain social norms. He could (and did) lie easily--but never to himself! Also, he felt no compunction about, for example, searching a young woman’s bedroom for love letters and then reading them. (This happened, for example, in Peril at End House.) And he was very neat, orderly and methodical. A summary. A character tag is something that is associated with your character that is: - Unique to this character - Unusual/uncommon - Exaggerated - (If possible) tied to a character’s strength or weakness Always keep in mind, though, that writing is more of a dark art than a science. Do whatever works for you. That's it for today! Good writing and I'll talk to you again, likely on Monday. [1] I’m not sure how many people will be interested in this, so I’ve put it in a footnote. This is an excerpt from Peril at End House that illustrates some of the points I’ve been making: (By the way, SPOILER WARNING!!!) “[Hastings says,] You think she [Nick] is keeping something back?” “Yes.” [Poirot replies] “Possibly with an idea of shielding whoever it is?” Poirot shook his head with the utmost energy. “No, no. As far as that goes, she gave me the impression of being utterly frank. I am convinced that as regards these attempts on her life, she was telling all she knew. But there is something else—something that she believes has nothing to do with that at all. And I should like to know what that something is. For I—I say it in all modesty—am a great deal more intelligent than une petite comme ça. [I am much smarter a little like that.] I, Hercule Poirot, might see a connection where she sees none. It might give me the clue I am seeking. For I announce to you, Hastings, quite frankly and humbly, that I am as you express it, all on the sea. Until I can get some glimmering of the reason behind all this, I am in the dark. There must be something—some factor in the case that I do not grasp. What is it? Je me demande ça sans cesse. Qu’est-ce que c’est? [I keep asking myself that. What is that?]” I hate doing this, but I’m going to spoil the ending of Peril at End House. I think this is one of Christie’s best books, so if you haven’t read it (the book is better than the TV adaptation, beautiful though that is) stop reading this footnote. Peril at End House Poirot is completely wrong about Nick, but he is understandably wrong. He is making two errors. First, he thinks he is always the smartest person in the room. And, sure. Usually he is. But this time is the exception. Christie plays fair with the reader here, she gave us clues, she--as Poirot might say--gives us the psychology of the situation. Poirot actually says: “For I—I say it in all modesty—am a great deal more intelligent than une petite comme ça. I, Hercule Poirot, might see a connection where she sees none.” And, sure, it’s not unreasonable for Poirot to think that he might see something a person who isn’t a detective wouldn’t, but Christie is mildly mocking Poirot here, because he is so sure that a young woman couldn’t outwit him. But, in the best possible form, she has given Poirot what every protagonist needs: an unlikely antagonist who is smart enough to pull the wool over his eyes. At the end of the story Poirot, thoroughly stumped, is able to see past his belief in his own brilliance and accepts that he could possibly not be the smartest person in the situation and sees Nick for who she really is, only then does Poirot realize who the murderer is. Second, I think Hercule Poirot has a tendency to think that Nick is warmer and kinder than she actually is because she’s a woman. Christie used this trick over and over. Poirot constantly uses the fact that he is odd looking and foreign to encourage others to underestimate him and let down their guard. And then Cristie creates the character of Nick and uses this very thing against Poirot. Brilliant! I’ve read this book MANY times, but it never disappoints even though I know the plot because I so enjoy seeing how Christie hoodwinked me the first time. And, also, I love her characters as well as her voice. How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Blog posts you might like: Sunday, March 14 What makes a character memorable? Deborah Chester writes in her article, Bonding with Your Characters: 1. Memorable characters are exceptional. Novel. What makes something memorable? 2. Characters need clear motivation. A character's motivation and her goal are intimately related yet distinct. Let’s break this down. What is motivation? 3a. The antagonist should be stronger than the protagonist Jim Butcher writes: 4. Characters need weaknesses and flaws. Major Flaws Minor Flaws 5. Exceptional characters are unique. How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Blog posts you might like: Wednesday, March 10 Supporting Characters versus Main Characters Direct versus Indirect Characterization Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization Characterization Through Action & Thoughts Here’s another quotation: Characterization Through Speech In, “Coming Home,” Edith Warton writes: Characterization Through Looks Characterization Through Affect Links and References These articles are worth a close read: - Polishing Your Prose, by Larry M Edwards - Direct vs indirect characterization: 8 tips and examples How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Blog posts you might like: Monday, March 8 How to Write a Genre Story: Characters: Homo Fictus How to Write a Genre Story: Characters: Homo Fictus Characters--Homo Fictus--are the raw material from which stories are created, but who are these entities who populate our stories and how do they differ from flesh-and-blood people? Homo Fictus Characters can be viewed as a pseudo-species of humans that differ from their flesh-and-blood counterparts in at least three respects. 1. Characters are fathomable, understandable. Humans aren't. I'm not suggesting that great characters, outstanding characters, don't have contradictory desires or goals. All the best characters do. One of the most interesting characters I've come across is Walter White from Breaking Bad. What are his two main drives? To take care of his family and to make is mark on the world. He wants to unleash his intellect and, no matter the consequence, show the world what he can do. These two desires--to provide for his family and to be remembered--often come into conflict and drive the story forward. And we easily understand this clash of motivations. Humans, though, can be truly unfathomable. We want one thing one minute and then the opposite the next. I’ve gone into an ice cream shop with a friend convinced that regardless of what my friend wanted I was not going to buy an ice cream cone...and walked out with an ice cream cone. Humans can be flaky, their goals can and do change on a whim and they make bad decisions in silly ways that aren't interesting. How well do you know your friends and neighbours? If you think you know them pretty well, think about how many times you've heard the neighbors of a serial killer say, "He seemed like such a nice man." The key point here is not that characters shouldn't have contradictory drives or desires--they should!--it is that readers must be able to understand them. As a story progresses we need to see more of a character’s layers. Although I may revise my initial judgement about a character, by the end of the story I must feel that I understand her. Not necessarily approve or condone, but understand. I must be satisfied that the kind of choices a character made were a result of the kind of person she was. For a character to be interesting and memorable she must be fathomable. If she isn't, the reader will become bored, turn away from the story and find something more engaging to do. 2. Characters are exceptional; most humans aren't. Granted, not all characters are exceptional, but every character I've fallen in love with, every character that has lingered with me after the page on which they were introduced, has been. To understand the importance of this let's look at what Dwight V. Swain calls a trait, or a tag of attitude (for more about this read Swain's book, Techniques of the Selling Writer). A tag of attitude is a behavioural quirk or disposition. He writes: For example, on the show Monk, the lead--Mr. Monk, played by Tony Shalhoub--is a former police detective with an obsessive-compulsive disorder whose main goals in life are to find his wife's killer and to get back on the police force. As a character, Mr. Monk is mostly unexceptional. His wardrobe is bland, his culinary tastes are bland, and his personality is bland. So, why did so many people--myself included--love the show? Mr. Monk is exceptional in two ways: he is fanatical about cleanliness (as well as orderliness) and he is the best detective in the world. His core skill (or trait/tag of attitude) is that he notices absolutely everything in his environment regardless of whether it's important, something that is both (and this is Mr. Monk’s catchphrase) a gift and a curse. 3. Humans are infinitely complex, characters aren't. Fictional human beings are simpler and more goal-oriented than ordinary flesh-and-blood people. As E.M. Forster writes in Aspects of the Novel: "But people in a novel can be understood completely by the reader, if the novelist wishes; their inner as well as their outer life can be exposed. And this is why they often seem more definite than characters in history, or even our own friends; we have been told all about them that can be told; even if they are imperfect or unreal they do not contain any secrets, whereas our friends do and must, mutual secrecy being one of the conditions of life upon this globe." I used to have a gal pal I went to go see movies with, I'll call her Rachel. In general, we had the same taste in movies. After awhile we got to know each other well. I could tell which parts of a movie she'd find funny, which parts she'd roll her eyes at, which parts would make her cry, and so on. But she continually surprised me. Occasionally, she wouldn't laugh at something I thought she'd think was hilarious or she thought the hero who sacrificed it all for his true love was an idiot, or...well, you get the idea. No matter how well I think I know someone they can surprise me. But this isn't true of a character. If a character surprises us--for instance when I learnt Keyser Söze's true identity at the end of the movie The Usual Suspects--I looked back through the movie and realized that I'd missed, or misunderstood, quite a few things. The ending made perfect sense. If it hadn't then it wouldn't have been a good ending. In real life, though, endings often don't make a great deal of sense but, hey, that's why we tell ourselves stories! ;) -- -- Humans are complex. We do unexpected things with unsatisfying results in ways that make little or no sense. That's boring. Or maddening. Often both. Compared to humans, our characters are blessedly simple. They have fewer desires, fewer goals, and the needs they have are more exaggerated and more intense than yours or mine. How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Blog posts you might like: Friday, March 5 How to Write a Genre Story: Characterization and Character Description The Importance, and Unimportance, of Character Description The Character of Characters Characters are the most important part of any setting First Three Paragraphs An Analysis a. Character first, setting second. b. Intimate settings reflect the personality of the characters. c. Use elements of the setting to introduce conflict. After those three paragraphs I was hooked. Keep description focused. Here are elements each scene needs to communicate to the reader: - What is the focal character's GOAL? - What must the focal character accomplish to ATTAIN that goal? Control his temper. Jack’s own temper. And Ullman. - How does the focal character MEET THIS OPPOSITION? Jack contains his anger. How to Write a Genre Story: The Index Where you can find me on the web: Twitter: @WoodwardKaren Pinterest: @karenjwoodward Blog posts you might like:
Microfibers: Small Plastics, Big Problem microfiber small plastic big problem When thinking about you closet and its contents, turn to all your clothing made of acrylic, nylon, and polyester. These are your fleeces, underwear, swimming costumes, product free facecloths and loved leggings. Every time you wash these synthetic fabrics, millions of microfibers are released into the water system. Microfibers are too small to be filtered out by waste treatment plants, so they end up in our waterways and oceans, where they wreak havoc on marine animals and the environment. Plastic fibers are now showing up in fish and shellfish for human consumption. And one research paper showed that microfibers are responsible for 85 percent of shoreline pollution across the globe. So, how can we stop this pollution? 1. Wash synthetic clothes less frequently and for a shorter amount of time. 3. Consider switching to a liquid laundry soap. Laundry powder “scrubs” and loosens more microfibers. We love Triple Orange, it's what we use to wash all our Makeup Removal + Toning Pads before they are labelled and packaged. 4. Use a colder wash setting. Higher temperature can damage clothes and release more fibers. This is also a more energy efficient way of doing laundry. 5. Dry spin clothes at low revs. Higher revolutions increase the friction between the clothes. Alternatively, reduce the spin and hang your washing on the line earlier. 6. When you clean out your tumble dryer, place lint in the bin instead of down the drain. 7. Purchase a washing machine lint filter. They will benefit your septic system and the environment. 8. "Vote" with your purse, avoid synthetic fabrics and shop local. Avoid purchasing cheaply-made, “fast fashion” clothes, whenever possible. Cotton, linen, bamboo, wool and other natural fabrics do not release harmful micro plastics. Even constructions or embellishing thread with a polyester blend will release small amounts of microfibers. Natural fibers will eventually break down if released into the environment. Plastic fibers will never decompose. 9. Tell your friends and family about microfiber pollution. 10. Avoid synthetic microfiber "product free" facecloths, Washing these contributes to micro plastic pollution. - Courtney Leave a comment Please note, comments must be approved before they are published
N13 Constraints A constraint is a user-defined minimum hardware specification for a machine that is spawned by Juju. There are a total of ten types of constraint, with the most common ones being ‘mem’, ‘cores’, ‘root-disk’, and ‘arch’. The definitive constraint resource is found on the Reference: Juju constraints page. Several noteworthy constraint characteristics: • A constraint can be specified whenever a new machine is spawned with commands bootstrap, deploy, or add-machine. • Some constraints are only supported by certain clouds. • When used with deploy the constraint becomes the application’s default constraint. • Multiple constraints are logically ANDs (i.e. the machine must satisfy all constraints). • When used in conjunction with a placement directive (--to option), the placement directive takes precedence. Clouds and constraints The idealised use case is that of stipulating a constraint when deploying an application and the backing cloud providing a machine with those exact resources. In the majority of cases, however, default constraints may have been set (at various levels) and the cloud may be unable to supply those exact resources. When the backing cloud is unable to precisely satisfy a constraint, the resulting system’s resources will exceed the constraint-defined minimum. However, if the cloud cannot satisfy a constraint at all then an error will be emitted and a machine will not be provisioned. Constraints and LXD containers LXD constraints also honour instance type names from either AWS, Azure, or GCE (e.g. AWS type ‘t2.micro’ maps to 1 CPU and 1 GiB of memory). When used in combination with specific CPU/MEM constraints the latter values will override corresponding instance type values. Constraints and Kubernetes Constraints in Kubernetes models control the resource requests and limits on the Pods spawned as a result of deploying an Application. Memory and CPU constraints on side-car charms currently only represent requests used by Kubernetes for scheduling, and don’t set limits and requests seperatley on each container. LP1919976 bug tracks this deficiency. Constraint scopes, defaults, and precedence The following precedence is observed (in order of priority): 1. Machine 2. Application (and its units) 3. Model 4. All models For instance, if a default constraint (‘mem’) applies to a single model and the same constraint has been stipulated when adding a machine (add-machine) within that model then the machine’s constraint value will be applied. Setting constraints for a controller Constraints are applied to the controller during its creation using the --bootstrap-constraints option: juju bootstrap --bootstrap-constraints cores=2 google Here, we want to ensure that the controller has at least two CPUs. See Creating a controller for details and further examples. Constraints applied with ‘–bootstrap-constraints’ will automatically apply to any future controllers provisioned for high availability. See Controller high availability. Setting constraints for the initial ‘controller’ and ‘default’ models Constraints can be applied to every machine (controller and non-controller) in the ‘controller’ and ‘default’ models. This is done, again, during the controller-creation process, but by using the --constraints option instead: juju bootstrap --constraints mem=4G aws See Creating a controller for more guidance. Individual constraints from --bootstrap-constraints override any identical constraints from --constraints if these options are used in combination. For the LXD cloud, the following invocation will place a limit of 2GiB of memory for each machine: juju bootstrap --constraints mem=2G localhost Setting and displaying constraints for a model A model’s constraints are set, thereby affecting any subsequent machines in that model, with the set-model-constraints command: juju set-model-constraints mem=4G For the LXD cloud, all new machines in the current model will be limited to an instance type of ‘c5.large’ (2 CPU and 4 GiB): juju set-model-constraints instance-type=c5.xlarge A model’s constraints are displayed with the get-model-constraints command: juju get-model-constraints A model’s constraints can be reset by leaving the value part empty : juju set-model-constraints mem= Setting, displaying, and updating constraints for an application Constraints at the application level can be set at deploy time, via the deploy command. To deploy the ‘mariadb’ charm to a machine that has at least 4 GiB of memory: juju deploy mariadb --constraints mem=4G To deploy MySQL on a machine that has at least 6 GiB of memory and 2 CPUs: juju deploy mysql --constraints "mem=6G cores=2" Multiple constraints are space-separated and placed within quotation marks. To deploy Apache and ensure its machine will have 4 GiB of memory (or more) as well as ignore a possible cores constraint (previously set at either the model or application level): juju deploy apache2 --constraints "mem=4G cores=" For the LXD cloud, we deploy PostgreSQL using a combination of an instance type and a specific CPU constraint. Instance ‘c5.large’ maps to 2 CPU and 4 GiB but the specific memory constraint of 3.5 GiB yields a machine with 2 CPUs and 3.5 GiB of memory: juju deploy postgresql --constraints "instance-type=c5.large mem=3.5G" To deploy Zookeeper to a new LXD container (on a new machine) limited by 5 GiB of memory and 2 CPUs: juju deploy zookeeper --constraints "mem=5G cores=2" --to lxd To deploy two units of Redis across two AWS availability zones: juju deploy redis -n 2 --constraints zones=us-east-1a,us-east-1d An application’s current constraints are displayed with the get-constraints command: juju get-constraints mariadb An application’s constraints are updated, thereby affecting any additional units, with the set-constraints command: juju set-constraints mariadb cores=2 An application’s default cannot be set until the application has been deployed. Both the get-constraints and set-constraints commands work with application custom names. See Deploying applications for how to set a custom name. Setting constraints when adding a machine Constraints at the machine level can be set when adding a machine with the add-machine command. Doing so provides a way to override defaults at the all-units, application, model, and all-models levels. Once such a machine has been provisioned it can be used for an initial deployment (deploy) or a scale out deployment (add-unit). See Deploying to specific machines for the command syntax to use. A machine can be added that satisfies a constraint in this way: juju add-machine --constraints arch=arm To add a machine that is connected to a space, such as ‘storage’: juju add-machine --constraints spaces=storage If a space constraint is prefixed by ‘^’ then the machine will not be connected to that space. For example, given the following: --constraints spaces=db-space,^storage,^dmz,internal The resulting instance will be connected to both the ‘db-space’ and ‘internal’ spaces, and not connected to either the ‘storage’ or ‘dmz’ spaces. See the network spaces page for details on spaces. For a LXD cloud, to create a machine limited to two CPUs: juju add-machine --constraints cores=2 To add eight Xenial machines such that they are evenly distributed among four availability zones: juju add-machine -n 8 --series xenial --constraints zones=us-east-1a,us-east-1b,us-east-1c,us-east-1d Aren’t we missing NULL? I think it was originally worded badly. It doesn’t mean set the NULL value, it means set no value to unset the value. 1 Like Ah got it, I changed to this: I am not too happy with this phrasing however, can you think about something better? I made a slight change to the Kubernetes Constraints section. 1 Like @pedroleaoc I also updated the constraints reference Juju constraints I feel like we need to make the constraints reference page more prominent here, not sure how. Does this mean the constraints will be ignored if you use a placement directive? @hpidcock I think you would be best suited to answer this question Do you mean this reference should be more prominent? I think the constraints relating to memory, cpu, instance-type etc are ignored and the machine’s actual values are the effective ones. Not sure how this affects lxd containers.
How Do We Manage Anxiety in Children. We often think that our children have better resilience to their anxiety and they become normal once we have either given them positive strokes,bought them a chocolate,a gift or diverted their attention by permitting them to play video games . But it needs to be understood that anxiety doesn’t happen to the kids like the way we experience it happening to us adults. Anxiety in children can trigger, in panic attacks,in their tantrums ,in their sudden rush of energy or it may occur in the untimely defiant behaviour.We as parents just push it aside by ascribing it to their misbehaving or being in the company of wrong friends .However children may react differently depending on the immediate situation ,past incidents or future anticipations. As psychologists counselors and family therapists we have to deal with couples , parents and other family members of our clients who always appear to be suffering from anxiety, In most such cases their children too suffer from similar anxiety or otherwise children from families where there is a good coordination amongst parents struggle with anxiety too . Some parents would pretend and hide their issues of anxiety and other concerns from their children . Even when kids are understanding the parents would try to act as if everything was fine .These parents would do everything they deem fit or within their reach to calm their wards and reset their nervous system through various practices of calming . Children can pick up anxiety from their parents through the verbal communication, through the body language of their parents,through their mood disorders or the kids themselves can react to any genreal event in the family and develop a full or partial panic attack. We have seen many a parents fighting and undermining each other when they come to us. They fail to realise that when they behave so their children too suffer mental agony and a fear of being abandoned by either or both of their parents. Children feel abused when their parents fight .They feel cheated by their parents.Children want to live in a typical family life environment irrespective of the riches or poverty.Any thought of living without a parent causes them much mental pain and that triggers anxiety.To them, their family is their safety nest. Their family enables them to play, to study, to make friends .It helps them grow. It is the reason of their being here in the world. To them family is the only reality ,rest all is just make believe.Any iota of doubt on family’s continuity causes deep anxiety. Parents should remember that their children would always pick up the stress and trauma that their parents experience and exhibit. The parents may think that their children are safe and that children have not been exposed to any kind of stress , physical,sexual, or emotional or personality abuse . They may believe that they are offering their children a great childhood compared to parents’ own childhood or other experiences that parents had to suffer. But actual truth is far from this .Children can become anxious for many reasons triggered by the parents obvious circumstances or not so obvious happenings within the family .Some of these reasons could be the actual and some could be as perceived by the children. To us adults many of those reasons might not be major , but to a child they become quite significant in triggering insecurities and anxiety thereof. Should the parents happen to be separated or divorced the self blaming mind of the children would always be devastated by the memories of the times when the family was together. They would not understand the sudden blow of isolation and the non availability of the parental umbrella .They struggle to be emotionally available to the single parent they now live with and at the same time add on a make believe relationship with the parent they have been separated from which they continue to believe was on their account.A two edged anxiety of this kind breaks them . It shreds the very fiber of their mental balance. Children are often left heart broken if there happens to be a fight in their family.They tend to believe that all tension is on account of their being a cause of distress to their parents. Often they are left with a broken trust .They feel guilty with their self confidence devastated by the memories of parents shouting at each other.They are afraid of the sudden isolation caused by such disputes amongst their parents. We always assume that our children are understanding. They adjust to the life as they grow . That they have stronger plasticity. This could be applicable in some way but it is not the complete truth .They are not as strongly fortified against anxiety as we tend to believe. Children do build up their defence mechanisms but these defence mechanisms may prove more damaging to their growing personality during adolescence and later on in their grown up relationships. We often come across young persons and old people alike who suffer from the traumas of their growing up years in anxiety . We give hereunder some of the symptoms that we have witnessed in children while counseling the families . 1) Dissociation: Children have exhibited dissociation by completely cutting themselves off mentally from what is happening in their families.They form their own make believe world to hide the pain .Though parents may believe that the child is being creative ,when the child speaks to and play with imaginary characters .Riya 6 years is one such case .Her parents donot see each other eye to eye .Their constant bickering causes much anxiety to the child. The child is seen talking to her doll most of the times and refuses to part with the doll when she goes to school or goes to bed. Her parents eventually brought her to the counselor when her teacher noticed the child talking to the doll she had brought into her school bag to the classroom. Monty’s (9 years) parents had been advised by the psychologist that their child suffers from ADHD because that’s the only way he can get their attention and evoke sympathy from them.His parents both working, hardly find time to spend with their child .Their occasional outbursts cause him such a deep distress . He exhibits his anxiety by getting irritated, by indulging into hyperactivity , impulsiveness and inattentive behavior. Depression was diagnosed in Deepa ( 10 years ) as a mood disorder because the chronic emotional outbursts indulged in by her grandmother and mother in their interactions caused much disturbance to the child. 2)Gastrointestinal : Meenu’s (5 years ) anxiety has been cropping up in her difficult behavior to ease up herself. She holds up her anxiety in her abdominal area.Inspite of her feeling pressure on the stomach she would refuse to sit on the pot to clear her stomach. She suffers from constipation.Her bowel training has been conducted a few times .But whenever she needs to clean her bowels , she holds on to her stool and often soils her clothes.A better approach would be to ensure the child is offered a better protective environment at home free from tension and stress. We noticed she catches on to her parents’ anxiety and expresses her own in the manner described. 3) Obsessive seeking of Validation : Divya (11 years ) exhibits lack of self confidence.She most of the times struggles to express herself confidently. She would often speak in almost inaudible tone She needs to be reassured that others are paying attention to her and she must speak louder with confidence. She always needs validation from her mother. Children themselves may not be aware of their anxiety but parents and the teachers need to read the symptoms and signs that speak of anxiety in the children. If you can be aware that a life experience has created anxiety in their lives, you can bring attention to it and help them cope with that anxiety. You must take your child to a psychologist for evaluation and necessary counseling wherever needed .The psychologist may have to counsel the parents too. Just being aware that your child can suffer from your chronic circumstances and catch on to anxiety should be taken as an initial step to prevention.Take them to a psychologist whenever or if they exhibit symptoms of anxiety. Whenever possible speak to them about their fears ,concerns and phobias whether implied or implicit .Children should be trained and encouraged by both parents to discuss ,open up and ask questions from parents should there be any stressful occassion in the family. This will help them to understand that there can be differences of opinions,arguments and even conflicts within the family but that you will always protect them and be with them to take care of them. Family is Everything even for your children .Make them feel safe and protected. Continue reading “How Do We Manage Anxiety in Children.” Everything you wanted to know about couple therapy.. Family therapist during meeting with a couple Let us now understand ,what would the therapy involve. The couple issues could relate to any of the following: Relationship of either spouse with in laws and other family members. Household responsibility and commitments of members in honouring their responsibility. Daily chores and spousal attitude towards sharing the chores. Relationship of the spouses within and outside marital boundaries . Marital compatibility of thoughts and emotions. Sexual adjustments and acceptance. Sexual orientation and attitudes towards partners. Parenting plans ,children and parenting issues. Is your uncontrolled anger damaging your relationship with your spouse ? Email us Call: 09179383554,917314263087 Spending Couple Time together during Covid 19 Lockdown, free from violence . domestic violence 1Latest report from my city reads,”cases of domestic violence on the rise, 30 cases reported in last two weeks of corona lockdown”. My city may not be the only one to report that. Family and couples disputes, domestic squabbles and arguments have definitely been on the rise and there have been regular incidents of physical violence taking place among some of the couple’s. It’s true that during the corona pandemic every individual is struggling with the apparent problems of feeling stressed and suffocated on account of many restrictions being imposed on his or her free movement .But it is applicable to all countries across the world .The world needs to save its humans from the deadly clutches of coronavirus. During such crisis we all feel insecure, scared and lonely whether staying alone or living with family. But those of us who are with the families should be happy that they have the feel of human and that too of a family member around them. Just think of the millions who are locked up alone within their single dwellings, hostels or outside on the roads. There are many among us who feel lonely despite the fact that they are living with their spouses, partners and their families .These people are not only lonely, they also seem to generate tension, negativity and resentment in their minds and behavior. Is that the reason for the domestic complaints and violence going up and if so what should we be doing to contain violent outbursts in our day to day survival. Let’s understand what has been happening. 1. Why is the connection missing? argu cplWe need to explore within ourselves. We have always been complaining of not giving enough time to our families, spouse, and children and have wished we could find time for them. Now that we have so much time, why is the connectivity missing. Was it on account of the fact that you both have been leading a life different from each other even though married and couldn’t develop much connection? The average time a couple spends with each other on normal times have been no more than 4 to five hours in a day’s time. When you take away the time contribution to other daily routines of life e g. dropping kids at school, going for kitchen shopping, working in the office and the commute time deducted from the awake time of 16 to eighteen hours after six hours of sleep time. Many of us have been putting off a family holiday on account of kids’ education, lack of finances, the difficult boss or just being too committed to responsibility at work place. The much needed connection between us could never be established in all these years hence now it appears too late to do that. But trust it, now is the only time to find that connectivity, Are we falling for the perception bias? emotional abuse 2We all form perception based on our cognitive assessment of the person’s’ behavior and our relationship experience with the person. Such a perception bias is a little difficult to go away .It becomes the unbreakable thread of our future dealing with the people. Such perceptive bias can be either be positive or it can be negative too. Your spouse’s behavior in normal times could have helped you form such a cognitive bias towards him or her .for example one cognitive bias could be, “my husband doesn’t contribute anything towards household work”. This becomes a pattern of thought during normal times and even when he does try to extend some help in this area you would have told him,” it’s not your job. Let me handle it you go and watch T.V.”.It could have been okay during normal time to do so but now when the household help is away, the same cognitive bias has become a source of irritation for you, when you notice him enjoying in bedroom and you slog in the kitchen. main-qimg-fb5d01aa8cb68a295113832883654288There can be many such perception biases between the spouses, amongst other family members on account of earlier events and we find it difficult to overcome such perception biases. Are we falling for the confirmation bias? emotional abuse 5Often it happens that we tend to follow the confirmed pattern of life. A life that has been lived by our parents becomes one such confirmation bias. If we witnessed our father being rude to our mother or we saw the fights in the family while growing up, it becomes a pattern of life for us when we grow up. Unknowingly we end up indulging in to a similar kind of behavior with our kids and spouse whenever there happens to be a little stress in the family. You can fathom the intensity of the yearning for violence in the corona distress. We end up fighting each other rather than being with each other in these difficult times. emotional abuse 4Similarly, it kind of becomes a pattern confirmation for the housewife too who after every banter from the husband would say,” He is like that only. Nothing can be done about him”. Do you really think he is like that or that nothing can be done about him? Or is it that you are falling a victim to your own confirmation bias. Are we falling for illusion of authority? man-covering-his-girlfriends-mouth_13339-63733(1)It has generally been a belief over the ages that the male member of the family holds complete authority over all decisions concerning the children and wife because man was considered the bread earner. But do you as modern housewife would still subscribe to that theory. The illusion of authority needs to be broken with the realism of truth. Modern woman is no less placed in education, position and authority .You will help yourself and him by coming out of this illusion of authority. How do we come out of these traps and spend better times in difficult period? That’s a very obvious question. stop-violence-against-women-concept-poster_37732-134woman-gesturing-no-stop-sign-pop-art-style-banner-dot-background_48369-13861Remember that we neither have to perpetrate violence nor do we have to take it. Take the first step to stop it. Tell the partner,”no more of this .If you do. I will report. Raise your voice firmly without tears. frustrated-young-woman-sitting-sofa-with-cleaning-equipments_23-2147916459kids-helping-cleaning-cartoon-poster_1284-20636Find total connectivity by involving children .In case of couple without kids find out what connects .It could be food, television, friends or plain small talk. Drop your biases and resentment. Drop remorse, instead bring about approach. Begin small, begin positive .Things will change. domestic 5Express expected behavior from all by being specific during corona lockdown. Don’t just become a victim by owning up the entire household chorus. Call out for help from him and the children. Make them part of every work .Active mind and body will keep everyone away from resentments .Make a community at home helping each other .It can be a good beginning even in tough times. family-kids-happy-people-46252Keep trying. Tomorrow will definitely be better than today but we all have to work for it. Make everyone do that by love affection and by being firm.Avoid emotional outbursts, rather take charge. Tame that beast now. You know you can do it .Kudos to you. Email us Call: 09179383554,917314263087 logo family therapywsi-imageoptim-family Does Emotional Abuse Drive You Crazy? How can one know one is being subjected to emotional abuse? The ways the perpetrators make use of Emotional Abuse. Regular Fault Finding and Negation of Contribution Not respecting and responding to opinions and suggestions. Making one feel unwanted Isolating the victim emotional abuse 5 Shifting the blame: How do I stop it? Seeking a Family therapist Email us Call: 09179383554,917324263087 family therapy1e7cbe_3cd7dd541b844c689118f6e71c7c62d8
Exploring Prism Play, A STEAM KIDS Project prisms, prism,play, wee warhols, Austin, STEAM, STEAM Kids, STEM M’s first question was, “What is that?” Good question. We talked about a prism as a shape. In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is oblique. -Wikipedia All of those words seem to complicate things for a 3.5 year old, so we felt the prisms, exploring all the sides that create the form, getting to know the shape. Reading the book, I explained to M that “Prisms cause light to refract and each wavelength of light bends at a different angle, separating the light into a spectrum of color.” – Chelsey Marashian We placed the prisms on lined paper and observed how the lines appeared differently when viewing them under the prisms. This was cool, but when I explained to M that we could make a rainbow, none of this other stuff seemed to matter any longer. We NEEDED TO MAKE A RAINBOW!!! light, prism, prisms, STEAM KIDS, Wee Warhols, Austin We placed the prism on white paper and played around with it until we saw a rainbow. I asked M if she wanted to trace the rainbow. Tracing the Rainbow I decided we should get out some Geometric Solids and explore what happened when the light passed through them. We placed them out on the paper. M traced the colored light that was created. geometric solids, light, STEAM KIDS, Wee Warhols, Austin tracing the colored shapes We noticed that as time passed and the sun shifted the shapes and the intensity changed as well. M went home, but I continued to record the changes (whenever I remembered to). M and I also read Light , My First Discoveries book. This is a good resource when talking about many aspects of light. light, STEAM KIDS, prisms, Wee Warhols, Austin, Art Class If you haven’t gotten your copy of STEAM KIDS , you should. It is filled with fun STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Math) projects that will make your child question, explore, and create. STEAM Kids, book, Wee Warhols, Austin If you are interested in downloading the STEAM KIDS ebook Click HERE. STEAM KIDS, light, STEM, Wee Warhols, Austin, art class, prism play This post contains affiliate links. Comments are closed.
Tag Archives: dak bungalow BOOK REVIEW: TROUBLE IN GANGTOK (Gangtokey Gondogol) by Satyajit Ray Khidki (Window) –Read India Initiative— The original Bengali title of this novel is ‘Gangtokey Gondogol.’ In English it would mean, ‘Trouble in Gangtok.’ This novella featuring a private detective Feluda was first published in the Desh Magazine in 1970 and then published in book form in 1971 by Ananda Publishers. The main characters of this book are: • Prodosh Chandra Mitter aka Feluda. • Tapesh Ranjan Mitter aka Topshe. • Sasadhar Bose/Dr. Vaidya are the names of the same character. • Nishikanto Sarkar. • Helmut Ungar/Virendra Shelvankar are the names of the same character. • Shivkumar Shelvankar. • The curator of the Tibetan Institute. The story is an intricate murder mystery. Feluda and Topshe travel to Gangtok for their summer holidays on the start of the Bengali New Year. While eating breakfast at Bagdogra Airport, they meet a man by the name of Sasadhar Bose, who works for a chemical firm dealing with aromatic perfumes. He tells that he had attended a nephew’s wedding in Ghatshila post which he came to Sikkim. While stopping at a place called Teesta Bazaar, the trio comes to know about an accident that took place in the North Sikkim Highway. They learn that a huge boulder crashed on the taxi and the taxi fell off a cliff. But the driver escaped unhurt. Feluda and Topshe are staying at Hotel Snow View while Sasadhar Bose is staying in the dak bungalow. In the evening, Sasadhar Bose comes to Feluda’s hotel and informs him that the man who fell off the cliff in the accident, was no one else but his partner Shivkumar Shelvankar, who was also the owner of the company. Sasadhar Bose walks out of the hotel to find a flight to Bombay the next day. This is when Feluda meets another Bengali in the hotel by the name of, Nishikanto Sarkar. He reveals that he had a statue of a Tibetan God named Yamantak, which had nine heads and 34 hands. He says that he had sold the statue to Shelvankar for a 1000 rupees. While walking on the road, they meet a German hippie, Helmut Ungar, who tells them more about Shelvankar. He tells them that he had a son, whom he loved. But the son ran away from his father. Helmut tells Feluda that on the day of the accident, Mr. Shelvankar and he had decided to travel to a gumpha a place on the way to Singik. But Helmut changed his mind and left early to take some photographs. He reveals to Feluda that Shelvankar used to keep the figurine with him in his pocket as he thought it to be a lucky charm. But after the accident, the figurine had gone missing. Helmut also tells that the reason of this superstition is because of the advice of a certain Dr. Vaidya. Later in the evening, Feluda and Topshe go to the Tibetan Institute to learn more about the statue. Feluda asks the driver of the taxi he is travelling in, to come in the morning the next day because he wants to see the scene of the accident. They reach the Tibetan Institute, where the curator declares that the Yamantak which Shelvankar had would cost a little more than 10000 rupees. Feluda returns to the hotel to find Bose waiting for him. Bose tells Feluda that tomorrow he will be leaving for Bombay. Next day, Nishikanto Sarkar tells Feluda that someone threw a paper in his room. The paper consisted of a Tibetan word, which simply meant—death. Later Feluda and Topshe travel to the accident site. There Feluda finds a white button. He also reveals that someone had tried to make the boulder fall by using a strong iron rod and that this accident was nothing but a well-planned murder. Feluda sends a telegram to Bose asking him to come back to Gangtok. The next day, Nishikanto Sarkar, Helmut Ungar, Topshe and Feluda travel to Rumtek for seeing the lama dance. Feluda learns, through a telegram, that Shelvankar’s estranged son is present in a Sikkim monastery and a detective agency has found him. Then, Feluda hears someone shouting. He and Topshe come to the source of the sound and find that Mr. Sarkar had been pushed down the cliff. They rescue him and they come back to Gangtok. In the evening, they come to the dak bungalow, where Helmut is staying. There they meet a strange looking man. Helmut introduces himself as Dr. Vaidya. Dr. Vaidya, who specializes in talking to souls of the departed, tells all of them (through Shelvankar’s spirit) that he was murdered and Virendra is responsible for his death. Helmut tells that Virendra is Shelvankar’s only son. Dr. Vaidya tells Feluda that tomorrow he will be traveling to Pemiangchi. Next morning, Topshe finds a paper near Feluda’s ashtray. The paper consists of the same Tibetan word, meaning death. Feluda tells Topshe that today he will conduct an experiment on the North Sikkim Highway. After conducting the experiment, Feluda concludes that the murder was done by first hitting Shelvankar with a rod and then throwing the vehicle down the cliff. Then, a boulder was thrown to make it look like an accident. The driver was bribed. While Feluda was telling this, a boulder comes crashing down. Topshe saves Feluda from being crushed. In the evening, Helmut comes to Feluda’s room and shows him two photographs. The photographs were taken during the crime. It shows a man wearing red clothes standing on top of the mountain and seeing the car falling down. When Feluda tells that he is that man Virendra, Helmut tells that it is impossible because he is only Virendra. He tells Feluda and Topshe that he did not like his father marrying twice and thus ran away from home. Then his father approached a detective agency to find his son. Then Helmut (or Virendra) came to Sikkim. Helmut tells Feluda that he suspects Dr. Vaidya to be the murderer. They decide to travel to Pemiangchi to apprehend Dr. Vaidya. They pull in Mr. Sarkar also. Next day, while travelling to Pemiangchi, Sasadhar Bose also follows them and requests them to also take him. They reach Pemiangchi in the evening. There they discover that Dr. Vaidya is not there but has left his stick in the dak bungalow. Feluda then announces that Sasadhar Bose is the killer. He killed Shelvankar to take over the ownership of the company. When Bose says that he had gone to his nephew’s wedding during the murder, Feluda reminds him that in the Bengali calendar no wedding is held during the month of Chaitra since it is an inauspicious month and that they had come together to Sikkim during the starting of the month of Baishakh, the first month of the Bengali calendar. Feluda tells that Sasadhar Bose and Dr. Vaidya are the same person. Dr. Vaidya told Shel-vankar about his own life and impressed him. While going to the Gumpha, Dr. Vaidya and Shelvankar travelled in the same car. Then Dr. Vaidya or Sasadhar Bose who happen to be the same person hit Shelvankar with a rod and murdered him. Then he came back to Kolkatta. Then as Sasadhar Bose, he travelled in the same plane with Feluda. Dr. Vaidya tried to put the blame on Virendra, even when he did not know that Helmut was actually Virendra. When he saw that Feluda was conducting an investigation, he tried to kill Feluda. Feluda also tells that Mr. Sarkar wanted to steal the figurine of Yamantak from Shelvankar. So after the murder, he came down to find the statue, but Bose saw him and started harassing him. Bose tries to escape but is caught by leeches. Feluda finds the statue in the belongings of Sasadhar Bose. Sasadhar Bose is arrested and Feluda solves one of his most complex cases. I would give the book seven out of ten. By Kamlesh Tripathi Share it if you like it Account no: 680510110004635 (BANK OF INDIA) IFSC code: BKID0006805 Our publications RHYTHM … in poems
Intellectual property involves creations of the mind. These include inventions, literary works, artistic works, symbols, designs, images, and names. Intellectual property is protected by law such as copyright, trademarks, and patents, meaning that people are able to earn recognition and/or financial benefit from anything that they either create or invent. Here are four of the most common types of intellectual property. Copyright is used to describe rights that creators have over works that are both artistic and literary. Works that are covered by this include music, painting, books, films, sculpture, databases, computer programs, maps, advertisements, and technical drawings. Patents are exclusive rights that are granted for inventions and provide the owner with the right to be able to determine whether or how the invention is able to be used by other individuals. In exchange, the owner of the patent will make specific types of technical information about the invention itself publicly available within the published patent documentation. Trademarks are signs that are designed to help distinguish the goods and/or services of an enterprise from the same goods and/or services of another enterprise. Trademarks actually date back to ancient times, as during this specific point in world history, artisans would take the time to put their signature, or their “mark,” on products that they designed or produced. Trade Secrets Trade secrets are intellectual property rights on any kind of confidential information that can be either sold or licensed. If this property is either used, disclosed, or acquired without being previously authorized in a manner that is contrary to commercial practices that are honest, this is considered to be a highly unfair practice, as well as a major violation of the trade secret protection. Thank you for visiting the LOIT & Associates blog, Mexican law firm in Austin. If you need an attorney that specialized in Mexican law contact our office today for a free consultation.
Virus and bacteria team up to save aphid from parasitic wasp H.defensa's is only defensive when it itself is infected by a virus - a bacteriophage called APSE (or "A.pisum secondary endosymbiont" in full). APSE produces toxins that are suspected to target the tissues of animals, such as those of invading wasp grubs. The phage infects the bacteria, which in turn infect the aphids - it's this initial step that protects against the wasps. The phage bestows protective powers on the bacteria thanks to a single gene that encodes a toxic protein. It also makes a lot of it - the toxin-producing gene is almost three times as active as one of the most active genes in the bacterium's own genome. How exactly this poison kills the wasp is unclear and it's worth noting that H.defensa's has toxins of its own. The most intriguing possibility is that somehow the viral and bacterial poisons work together to kill the wasp, but that's a theory to be tested in the future. Regardless, case of the pea aphid is a great example of the role of phages as vehicles for genes, shuffling them between bacteria and providing the carriers with extra superpowers. In almost all cases, these gene transfers affect the ability to cause disease. It's a phage that carries the CTX toxin that the bacterium Vibrio cholerae needs to cause cholera. It's a phage that carries the Shiga toxin that turns harmless strains of Escherichia coli into a bug capable of causing severe food poisoning. Of course, not all parasitic wasps are foiled by viruses - some have managed to turn them into biological weapons, stealing their genes and using them to subdue their caterpillar prey... Reference: Science 10.1126/science.1174463 More on beneficial viruses: i-77217d2c5311c2be408065c3c076b83e-Twitter.jpg i-3a7f588680ea1320f197adb2d285d99f-RSS.jpg More like this Minor correction, Ed - although Dr. Oliver might not consider it so minor: "She unleashed the wasp A.ervi upon all of these individuals, and waited." How is the virus transmitted? Seems like there would be selection for protecting the host only if it's transmitted to host offspring, presumably inside with the bacteria. If it ever evolves the ability to infect and reproduce in the wasps, I'd expect it to suppress rather than strengthen host defenses. Oh God - n00b error! You know, I once sent a female scientist a write-up of their work for fact-checking and referred to them as "he" throughout. She sent it back with a couple of technical corrections but didn't spot the gender-bending one. By Stephanie W. (not verified) on 21 Aug 2009 #permalink Ed, you use the construction "H.defensa's" in a way that seems odd to me more than once in the article. Is it just a cut'n'paste anomaly, or am I missing some meaning? Once again I am led to doubt that the phage should really be treated as an organism independently from the bacterium. You don't always wear your hat, but it's still your hat. By Nathan Myers (not verified) on 21 Aug 2009 #permalink
This story is from July 22, 2021 Vaccine immune response linked to age Representative image (AFP) OREGON: A new laboratory study from Oregon Health and Science University suggests that older people appear to have fewer antibodies against the novel coronavirus. The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Antibodies are blood proteins that are made by the immune system to protect against infection. They are known to be key players in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. "Our older populations are potentially more susceptible to the variants even if they are vaccinated," said senior author Fikadu Tafesse, Ph.D., assistant professor of molecular microbiology and immunology in the OHSU School of Medicine. "The good news is that our vaccines are really strong," Tafesse said. However, with vaccine uptake slowing in Oregon and across the United States, researchers say their findings underscore the importance of promoting vaccinations in local communities. "The more people get vaccinated, the less the virus circulates," Tafesse said. "Older people aren't entirely safe just because they're vaccinated; the people around them really need to be vaccinated as well. At the end of the day, this study really means that everybody needs to be vaccinated to protect the community." Researchers measured the immune response in the blood of 50 people two weeks after their second dose of the Pfizer vaccine against Covid-19. They grouped participants into age groups and then exposed their blood serum in test tubes to the original "wild-type" SARS-CoV-2 virus and the P.1 variant (also known as gamma) that originated in Brazil. "Older people might be more susceptible to variants than younger individuals," Tafesse said. The findings highlight the importance of vaccinating older people as well as others who may be more vulnerable to Covid-19, said co-author Marcel Curlin, MD, associate professor of medicine (infectious diseases) in the OHSU School of Medicine. "The vaccine still produces strong immune responses compared with natural infection in most older individuals, even if they are lower than their younger counterparts," Curlin said. "Vaccination in this group may make the difference between serious and mild disease, and likely reduces the chances of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to another person." Get the app
Repertoire and Handbook CURRY Project has developed a multilingual Repertoire and a Teacher Handbook on Content Curation. The Repertoire is so named with reference to the double value of the term: a collection of items, contents, resources, but even a stock of skills or type of behavior that a person habitually uses. In fact, the resources selected and collected in the Repertoire are organized in the three thematic competence areas of Content Curation: Find and Filter, Curate and Publish and Communicate and Collaborate. The Repertoire contains resources for the Content Curation in different formats: text, audio, video, pictures, all of them classified per competence area, language and condition of use. These resources, freely available, illustrate the various aspects of Content Curation: how to search online, how to recognize content and reliable sources, how to rework digital content, how to use online publishing tools, etc. Therefore, for the teacher who wants to carry out Content Curation activities, they represent a sort of toolbox. Go to the Repertoire The Teachers Handbook instead proposes activities on Content Curation to be carried out in class with students: workshops, lessons, debates and more, with the necessary instructions and materials. These proposals integrate the resources of the Repertoire, providing teachers with operational guides to carry out didactic activities on Content Curation, contextualized at the three levels of education: primary school (ISCED1), lower secondary school (ISCED2) and upper secondary school (ISCED3). A file is provided for each activity that can be downloaded and printed. Both the Repertoire and the Teachers Handbook have an internal search engine that makes finding content quick and easy. Together they constitute a valuable and innovative database for teachers of all levels. Go to the Teachers Handbook I commenti sono chiusi.
UC Berkeley professor invents rapid way to purify drinking water Ashok Gadgil/Courtesy Ashok Gadgil, a scientist and professor at UC Berkeley, has developed a method for purifying water by leveraging the natural binding tendencies of arsenic to separate it from the water. According to Gadgil, more than 200 million people around the world drink water that has toxic arsenic levels, which can lead to various health consequences. UC Berkeley scientist Ashok Gadgil has created a cheap, quick and scalable method to cleanse arsenic from drinking water. Read More…
Oakley Park Museum MuseumsHistoric Sites Oakley Park_001 Oakley Park Museum Explore American history and the spirit of a young, new nation. Captain Daniel Bird Jr., a native Virginian, moved to the area after the Revolutionary War. Initially living at Halcyon Grove on Buncombe Street, he later purchased land a mile from the courthouse to build what is now Oakley Park Museum, in 1835. Captain Bird became a wealthy cotton planter, also breeding fine race horses. His life was a mix of success and tragedy. In only a few years he left Edgefield to begin a new life in the territory of Florida. What he has left behind is a truly beautiful example of Neoclassical architecture. Within the walls of Oakley Park are also stories of families who once called this mansion their home. These individuals lived through unprecedented challenges, dreamed of what America could become and bravely participated in creating the country we love. Immerse yourself in an earlier century and find inspiration in the art and ideals of early America. Topics covered in the collection include the following: War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Second Seminole War, Nullification Crisis, Dave The Potter, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Spanish-American War. Oakley Park Museum is a privately owned 501(c)(3) organization with a mission to protect, preserve and promote a unique artifact of American history for all to immerse themselves within. The museum is available for tours, meetings and private events. 300 Columbia Road Edgefield, SC 29824 icon-map Map it More Images: Museums, Historic SitesMuseumsHistoric Sites Explore Edgefield... geocaching visitors-guide
How do you make a header for an essay? How do you make a header for an essay? Insert your name and the page number as a “header.” Do not type this information where the text of your essay should be. Title: Your essay should include a title. The title should be centered and should appear under the heading information on the first page and above the first line of your essay. What should be in a header? Create a header. It should include your last name, followed by just the page number to the right of your last name. You don’t need to add “p” or “pg.” in front of the page number. You just need the page number. Unless otherwise specified, the header goes on every page, including the first one. What is the difference between header and footer? A header is the top margin of each page, and a footer is the bottom margin of each page. Headers and footers are useful for including material that you want to appear on every page of a document such as your name, the title of the document, or page numbers. How do headings work? What is the main heading? The main heading is that part of the subject heading string which represents the main concept without subdivision. Main headings may be categorized according to their functions: topical headings, form headings, and different kinds of proper name headings. They vary in syntax as well as in type. How do you make a heading and subheading? Follow these steps to create a new subhead within a chapter:Type in the text for the subheading.Click the style that appears in the Style Area left of the subheading.In the Styles Toolbox, click the style you want to apply. Use “Heading 2” for a first-level subheading, “Heading 3” for a second-level subheading, etc.
Letter: Be curious, ask good questions View Comments Curiosity adds fascinating new dimensions to any serious investigation of history, science, art, literature, religion, politics, government, personal relationships, and almost everything and everybody we encounter in life, yet we tend to respond, 'I like (or dislike) this, that or them,' when we aren't even familiar with this, that or them. Most individuals are more comfortable with familiar things, places, situations and people, although more understanding is usually gained from uncomfortable encounters with the unfamiliar. Curiosity requires the asking of meaningful questions about why we like (or dislike) this, that or them, and 'why' questions always require re-examination of emotionally based subjective opinions. Just disliking something is not an adequate answer. Saying you dislike lima beans, football, opera, the color purple, country music, big government, regulation, Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton is not a reasonable, meaningful or adequate statement or position unless you ask the 'why' questions and respond with true reasons. Do you really dislike lima beans because of your knowledge of all facts about lima beans, or do you dislike them because of an irrational emotional response to a single bite of lima beans as a small child or simply because someone told you lima beans were nasty? Be curious. Baby lima beans cooked properly are not as bad as you think. William J. 'Bill' Oliphant, Durham, N.C. View Comments
Home / General / This Day in Labor History: June 17, 1936 This Day in Labor History: June 17, 1936 On June 17, 1936, the Steel Workers Organizing Committee was created. This pioneering industrial union was critical in the mass organizing of the nation’s giant factories in arguably the nation’s most important industry. It’s eventual success combined with the organizing of auto to allow the CIO to succeed and the transformation of the American labor movement to advance. Like many industries, steel workers had a history of attempts to unionize, but a largely unsuccessful one. The major union was the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AA), which came out of the Sons of Vulcan and other early steel unions and had briefly organized Carnegie Steel before being crushed during the Homestead Strike in 1892. It maintained a presence for awhile, but by the 1930s, it was completely irrelevant. U.S. Steel had a company union that fought against any real organizing it its factories. In 1935, John L. Lewis led a group of union leaders supporting industrial organizing within the American Federation of Labor and formed the Committee for Industrial Organization. Lewis was the head of the most important industrial union in the AFL, the United Mine Workers of America. But outside of the textile unions in decline because of capital migration to the non-union South, the AFL had few other industrial unions. Moreover, its leadership was openly hostile to industrial organizing. When loggers in the Northwest won the Great Strike of 1935, they were given to the United Brotherhood of Carpenters by the AFL, who had granted the UBC rights over anything having to do with wood. But the UBC was concerned about its politically conservative culture being overwhelmed with thousands of former Wobblies and current communists, so it gave them second-hand status in the union without the same voting rights as their core membership. This angered many of the loggers and demand for real industrial unionism continued. Such it was in steel where the AA was basically useless by the 1930s. The relationship between the coal mines and the steel industry was deeply integrated. The steel mills burned enormous amounts of coal and thus the steel companies invested heavily in the mines. Lewis understood that he could not create a permanent successful organization in his own industry without organizing the steel mills too. He might be able to organize the mines not supplying the steel mills, but he could never be secure if the steel owned mines were undercutting his members’ wages. So he created the Steel Workers Organizing Committee and placed his top deputy Philip Murray in charge. The UMWA paid for the whole thing, as it would basically for the entire CIO for the first few years after it finally broke from the AFL in 1937. That investment started with $500,000 and went from there. Lewis also hired a whole bunch of communists to organize the steel mills. As much as an enemy of communism as any other old-time AFL union head, Lewis also understood the task at hand and welcomed them because of their usefulness, especially in organizing the large numbers of African-Americans working the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the mills. Lewis selected the officers, from Murray on down, on the basis of personal loyalty to him, although by 1940, when Lewis broke with FDR, that loyalty proved to have limits. From the beginning, SWOC tied itself very closely to the Democratic Party. Reliant on the New Deal state to undermine company unions and prosecute the criminal intimidation against unionists, the industrial unions worked hard to elect Democratic politicians. While trying to organize Jones & Laughlin Steel in 1936, the employer fired hundreds of union supporters. SWOC fired an unfair labor practice under the new National Labor Relations Act, which provided a labor relations framework for the first time. But the constitutionality of the NLRA was highly unclear and given the Supreme Court’s rejection of much of the New Deal, the steel companies felt confident of throwing this out too. But in National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, the Court upheld the constitutionality of the NLRA in 5-4 decision in April 1937. This demonstrated the critical role of the New Deal state in industrial organizing and even when John L. Lewis flounced out of supporting FDR during the 1940 election, the rest of the CIO stayed strongly behind the Democratic Party and would remain so for the remainder of the federation’s independent existence. This was a complete rejection of the traditional AFL position that government could never be trusted by labor and thus labor should remain nonpartisan, although in reality that meant a lot of labor leaders were active Republicans, including John L. Lewis. SWOC had a huge early win in March 1937, when it managed to take over the company union inside U.S. Steel. For a fictional account of this, Thomas Bell’s 1941 novel Out of This Furnace is excellent. On top of this, the LaFollette Committee’s investigation into how U.S. Steel intimidated and fired union workers forced them on the defensive. U.S. Steel surrendered due to this timely combination of worker organizing and government pressure, again showing the critical nature of governmental intervention for successful American unionism. This was a huge win for the entire industrial union movement. But the so-called Little Steel companies, which were not that little, refused to surrender. SWOC attempted to force their hand but Little Steel decided to turn into a military force, buying tremendous amounts of weaponry and then murdering strikers at the Memorial Day Massacre in Chicago in May 1937. Financially exhausted and lacking real state support to punish Little Steel (this is when FDR gave his “plague on both their houses” statement about the constant labor strife of the time, outraging the industrial unionists), SWOC would spin its wheels for the next few years. By 1939, it was $2.5 million in debt and it was struggling to organizing anything in the South. It wasn’t until the preparation for World War II that, seeing the inevitable future of very lucrative defense contracts, Little Steel acquiesced and between that and the maintenance of membership clause in World War II, SWOC and thus the CIO became financially stable for the first time. In 1942, SWOC became the United Steelworkers of America. It would remain one of the nation’s strongest and most important unions for several decades, winning strikes in 1952 and 1959 before declining as foreign steel and American steel companies not investing in new factories undermined American steel competition on the national and international market. This is the 227th post in this series. Previous posts are archived here. • Facebook • Twitter • Google+ • Linkedin • Pinterest It is main inner container footer text
Skip to content The view from 'The Other Side' Updated Thursday, 1st September 2005 History is often written from the perspective of the European worldview. There are other stories to be told, though... Venice Copyrighted image Icon Copyright: Production team The Idea of Progress It is important to know about the past. Without an attention to what has gone before, how can we understand our present situation or our tangled and conflict-ridden relations to each other? However, it is all too easy to look at the past in order to celebrate how far we have come, how much progress we all have made. This is a dream that can be traced back to the Renaissance - the realisation of human possibility will lead to the elevation of society as a whole. What is less often acknowledged is the extent to which this dream of progress refers only to the West - because this ability to imagine, create and invent has been depicted as a central attribute of European civilisation. The descendants of Europeans may carry this Renaissance-inspired flexibility to other places, but, largely, the rest of the world is not considered to be in a position to author its own progress. Popular understandings of history tend to be built around this assumption of progress. Human endeavour has made things better - through industry, through technology, and, most importantly, through intellectual and moral enlightenment. In his famous work, Orientalism, Edward Said argues that the West's attempts to represent other parts of the world have themselves been an exercise of power. Said describes a complex process in which the process of learning about the East is inextricably meshed with the business of conquering, exploiting and mastering in all regards. He argues that when Europeans have purported to study the peoples and cultures of the 'East' - a nebulous place that signifies a multitude of foreign elsewheres - in fact they have concocted a series of useful fictions. The stories that the West have told about the East, according to Said, have served as a method of legitimating a variety of dubious actions. This so-called study produces a version of academic propaganda, a learning that seeks to prove that the inhabitants of the East are weak, lawless, without culture or capacity for moral judgement. The introduction of Western civilisation into this barbarism can only be welcomed in the circumstances. Said warns that any project of domination can lead to this distortion of knowledge - and that in the process we all forget our common humanity. "If the knowledge of Orientalism has any meaning, it is in being a reminder of the seductive degradation of knowledge, of any knowledge, anywhere, at any time. Now perhaps more than before." (Said, 328) The Cost of Western Expansion The progress of the West is marked not only by technological and cultural achievement, it is also demonstrated in the mastery of other parts of the world. Although we now rarely hear the open celebrations of empire that characterised the historical understandings of previous generations, the world-shaping achievements of capitalism are still depicted as European inventions. The most formative global forces, those arising from industrialisation, are intertwined with Europe's imperial adventures. In the process of Western expansion and progress, other people are conquered, exploited and killed. Progress for some represents catastrophe for others. When Walter Benjamin argues that there is no document of civilisation that is not also a document of barbarism, he is speaking of this underlying inequality. The most valued achievements of human endeavour have always been bought at someone's expense. The privileged space of imagination and invention is enabled by hard labour somewhere else. Both the cultural treasures that indicate progress and the account of history that celebrates them hide the barbarism that enable their creation. The cruelties of empire and slavery, of forced labour and stolen resources, don't register in the histories written by victors. Who Is The Agent of History? There have been attempts to write a different kind of history, a democratic history that makes space for the previously excluded to be heard and recognised. This endeavour can be seen in the various attempts to give voice to the histories of working people, peasants, women and cultural minorities. If history records the voices of the victors, those who have dominated the world and other people and therefore wielded the power to make their version of events the one that is recorded and remembered, then surely the solution is to include the other versions that have been silenced. However, giving voice to the voiceless may not be so easy to do. Gayatri Spivak argues this when she says that the subaltern cannot speak - using the military term for lower ranks to indicate those who are left out of the main story. Here subaltern refers to all those who cannot figure in the victor's account of history. We might manage to piece together a story for the subaltern - but this will never register the historical violence of events. This is too variegated, unrecorded and undocumented to emerge into historical narrative. What is the Task of History Writing? The questions raised by so-called post-colonial critiques of Western history encourage us to think differently about the business of history-writing. Is the job of history to give voice to all, in an attempt to reach a totalised understanding? Or is it to interpret historical records in such a way that we understand the violence that is hidden in the representations of history? Why do we believe that rewriting the historical record will compensate past generations for their unacknowledged suffering and undervalued lives? If there is such a thing as a post-colonial approach to historical understanding it is one that seeks to critique the limits and silences of western conceptions of progress, while also making space for the articulation of other experiences. No approach to history-writing can right the wrongs of the past. Understanding how this history came about might prevent the same mistakes happening again. Further Reading Can the subaltern speak? Spivak, Gayatri (Chakravorty 1988) Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture C. Nelson and L. Grossberg (eds.), (Macmillan Education, pp271-316 ) Theses on the Philosophy of History Benjamin, Walter (Illuminations, London, Fontana, pp245-255, 1973) Said, Edward (London, Penguin 1978) Imperial Fictions, Europe's Myth's of Orient Kabbani, Rana (London, Pandora 1988) Related content (tags) Copyright information Have a question?
Discuss the data/information collected and process that information in terms of relevance to their nursing care using DRABC ( danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation) Nursing caring and inquiry: foundational Order Description This written assessment asks students to use the clinical reasoning process and refer to evidence based practice to formulate a nursing plan of care for a specific case study selected. After reflecting upon, analysing and researching the information provided in the case study, students will address each of the following tasks: 1. Critically analyse the patient assessment findings, taking into consideration the person’s situation and medical diagnosis. Discuss the data/information collected and process that information in terms of relevance to their nursing care using DRABC ( danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation) (10 marks) 2. Identify three (3) nursing diagnoses for this person; One of which must address the client’s psycho-social needs. The nursing diagnoses must be discussed in order of priority (e.g.: what nursing diagnosis should be addressed first and why). You must also establish one patient centred goal for each nursing diagnosis. (5 marks) 3. For each nursing diagnosis, discuss the specific nursing interventions (what you would do and why) that would be appropriate. Each intervention must include detailed rationale (why you did what you did) and specific evaluation criteria (how will you know if the intervention was successful). Your nursing interventions must be person or family centred and must be specific to this client (e.g., tailor the intervention to meet the needs of this specific patient based on evidence and professional recommendations). All interventions must be referenced from professional literature. (20 marks) The quality of your academic writing will be assessed throughout each of these three sections and will contribute to your overall mark for that section. Please see 6h for specific guidelines for formatting an academic paper. Additional marks will be awarded for using correct APA format and referencing throughout your paper (5 marks). You are a student nurse assigned to a morning shift on a general surgical ward of an acute care facility. You arrive early, before the shift starts, to review your patients’ notes in order to better plan your nursing care. Please select one person from the two listed to complete your written case analysis report using the information provided below. Case Study 1 You are caring for Mr. Harry Flanagan who is Day 4 since his admission to hospital. Presenting History Mr. Harry Flanagan is a 24 year old man who was a passenger in a car involved in a head-on collision with another car. Harry’s car was travelling at approximately 60 km/ hour. Harry arrived at the Emergency Department about 35 minutes after the collision. He was not trapped in the car, although the ambulance were required to extract him, because he couldn’t move his left leg because of the pain and because of other potential injuries. Medical History Harry has no significant medical history. He is normally fit and healthy. He has no allergies. Social History: Harry is employed as a real estate agent; he has just bought an apartment and has recently become engaged to his partner Janelle. They have an 18 month old daughter, Sophie. Harry moved to Canberra from Alice Springs three years ago to play rugby. Day 1, 3.30 pm: Arrival in ED : Vital Signs: BP: 153/ 74 mm hg HR: 112 beats/ minute RR: 22 breaths / minute Temp: 35.9 OC SpO2: 96% on room air. Harry complained of pain in the right side of his chest that was 4 out of 10 in intensity. There was considerable bruising in this area, consistent with the location of Harry’s seatbelt. An ECG was performed which showed normal sinus rhythm. The paramedics had placed a splint on Harry’s left leg. He had complained of pain of 8/ 10 intensity at the site in the left leg prior to the application of the splint. He was administered a total of 20 mg of Morphine prior to his arrival in ED which reduced his pain to 5/ 10. He was found to have a large laceration to his left thigh, approximately 20 cm long. The paramedics reported that it had been actively bleeding when they arrived; it is now covered in a pressure Two large bore cannulas were inserted and blood was taken to test for urea, electrolytes, full blood count and his blood group. A normal saline IV infusion was commenced. Harry had not reported any pain in his neck or back, although he was initially immobilised by the paramedics on a spine board and with spinal precautions until his spine was cleared of injury- because of the mechanism of injury. X-rays and a CT were performed which showed: • Chest x-ray: No evident rib fractures, normal heart size, lung fields with good air entry Acknowledgement: Scully & Wilson, (2014) 9049 Assessment 2, Case One, Page 2 • Pelvic x-ray: Pelvis intact, no bone displacement or evident fracture • Limb x-rays: simple, closed fracture of left femur with swelling around the left thigh, no other evidence of injuries • Spinal x-ray and CT: no injuries evident. The blood pathology results were reported as all being within normal range and his blood group is A+. Medical assessment determines that although Harry’s spinal x-ray and CT were clear, spinal precautions should be taken until the Morphine had worn off because it may have masked pain on his physical spinal assessment. It was determined that he needed surgery to stabilise his fracture once the thigh swelling had diminished. Harry’s vital signs were then: BP: 143/73; HR: 102 beats/ minute Resp rate: 20; Temp: 35.7 OC; SpO2: 97% with oxygen at 6 l/min via a simple face mask. Harry is transferred to the ward after a full secondary survey assessment was conducted by the nurse and a care plan was developed so the nurse could individualise strategies to ensure the patient had a successful admission. After 24 hours Harry’s spine was cleared of requiring special precautions. Day 2 following his admission to hospital Harry went to the operating theatre and had an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of his left femur. He had an uneventful stay in the postanaesthesia unit where he was cared for, for 4 hours before being discharged to the ward with post op orders for standard post –op care, including fluids, observations, analgesia and enoxaparin. The surgical treating team directed that calf compressors should not be used. Day 4: Morning Handover: Harry’s progress has been uneventful since then and the night nurse hands over to you. He specifically mentions that Harry has been having difficulty complying with the physiotherapists’ direction to do deep breathing and coughing exercises several times every hour because of the pain and bruising of his chest. He also reports that Harry hasn’t been complying with the direction to do leg exercises every 2 hours. 7.45 am You introduce yourself to Harry and take his vital signs that are scheduled 4th hourly: BP: 133/73; HR: 92 beats/ minute Resp rate: 18 breaths/ minute Temp: 35.6 OC; SpO2: 97% on room air. Harry complains to you of pain and swelling in his right calf and you note it is swollen and red. formulate a plan of care for Harry following the Assessment 2 Guidelines and marking The post Discuss the data/information collected and process that information in terms of relevance to their nursing care using DRABC ( danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation) appeared first on All Nursing Assignments. Tell Us “Write Essay for Me” and Relax!
5 Ways Technology Can Improve Modern Healthcare\| Benefits In The Health Sector Despite strict restrictions and sensitive nature, the Healthcare industry has always taken the first step when it comes to embracing the latest technology and thus we can see amazing advancements in the medical field frequently. By adopting the technology, healthcare has made significant strides, redefining the way of treating patients with better accuracy and less suffering. Be it any technology starting from X-Rays to modern technologies like AI and IoT, the healthcare industry has always leveraged technology with an open and experimental approach. Without these technologies, we wouldn’t be able to have the facilities we have today. With the advancement of technology in healthcare, average life expectancy has increased to a great extent and people don’t have to suffer from terminating diseases due to lack of adequate medicines. In this blog post, we have discussed 5 ways technology has improved modern healthcare along with the benefits of the latest technology in the health sector. 1. Telemedicine/ Telehealth – There were days when patients had to travel miles away to visit a doctor. Then there was a time when we had one hospital or a small clinic in each city to facilitate the patients but now we have all the facilities at the comfort of our homes. In simple words, telemedicine is a method of advancing healthcare based on telecommunications. There are many reasons why telemedicine is becoming popular and one of the most popular ones is easy accessibility. With the support of telehealth, people don’t need to leave their home to visit a doctor and in case they have busy schedules or any emergencies; they can contact a doctor immediately. Some of the rural areas with a lack of healthcare facilities can be advantaged with telehealth. Moreover, healthcare facilities with telehealth cost much less compared to what it costs to visit a doctor. According to research, telemedicine services save up to $100 per doctor visit. 2. Electronic Health Records (EHR) Keeping a health record of a patient is highly crucial as it guides further for providing treatment accordingly. In earlier times, hospitals didn’t have systematic records of their patients and thus it was difficult to track the medical history of a patient. Slowly clinics started gathering records of medical history and yet there used to be a clumsy gap in the records with so much data and a poor system of records. With the latest technology, the healthcare industry has the advantage of Electronic Health Records (EHR). With EHRs, many systems are connected allowing for quick data transfers and more integrated and efficient care. Quick access to medical history is really important in the healthcare sector as it facilitates many advances in medical diagnostics and treatment. According to one study, only 9% of the industry were used to EHRs but today 92% of the healthcare professionals are leveraging EHRs systems. 3. Wearable Technology – If you see people around, you won’t find it odd or weird to have health belts on their wrists. Wearable technology keeps track of your health and provides you with valuable information. We can see many smartwatches that record your step counts, heart pulse and blood pressure. With wearable technology, a doctor can monitor your health remotely and make changes in your lifestyle accordingly. With such technology, it has become accessible to level up the standards of health for a doctor without much effort. Additionally, this wearable technology is becoming a status symbol rapidly. 4. Whole Genome Sequencing – Whole Genome Sequencing is one of the greatest and biggest advancements of the healthcare sector. Genome sequencing refers to the method that analyses and examines the DNA of a human being and makes desired changes to its sequence. With genome sequencing, we have overcome many complex and untreatable DNA-based diseases like the rare type of tumour, Xeroderma pigmentosum, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom’s and Werner’s syndromes, Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer, Li-Fraumeni-syndrome, and breast/ovarian cancer syndrome. 5. Predicting Outbreaks – With state-of-the-art technology, the healthcare sector can analyze upcoming trends of diseases before the actual outbreak. As people tend to search for symptoms and treatments online before consulting a doctor. By analyzing these searches, doctors can predict which area and which gender is getting affected by the disease. Moreover, with the existing database of other diseases, healthcare professionals can predict a trend of a particular disease. The Benefits of The Latest Technology on The Health Sector – Easy and quick accessibility – In today’s time, it has become extremely easy to get relatable information on a particular disease and people don’t have to visit a doctor for minor health issues like fever, cold and cough. Basic health information from online sources is good, especially when you can’t access professional healthcare immediately. Nonetheless, it is important to consult a doctor before consuming any medication. Better reach to people – With wider social media usage, people can contact healthcare professionals by chatting with them online. Moreover, doctors are publishing highly valuable information on social media so the general public can have a better awareness of health. A great social media presence not only caters to a wide audience for a doctor but patients can also leave feedback or a review to the doctors – making it two-way communication. Higher-standard treatments, equipment and medicine – It is totally undeniable that with the latest technologies, we have access to higher levels of treatments, equipment and medicine. With the advancement of technology, we have made it possible to cure terminating diseases and develop equipment that makes the process smoother than ever. Moreover, the latest technologies have also sped up the research and development part by connecting the relative professionals around the world. Quick Results – With emerging technologies, it has become possible to get quicker results of medical testing. Additionally, there are many labs that provide you with web portals where you can see your reports within a couple of hours online without having to leave your house. Final Words – No one can deny the fact that innovation of new technologies has influenced all industries and the healthcare sector is no exception. Not only has it improved the living standards of a general population but it has also improved the satisfaction level of patients in terms of getting adequate treatment and results. The Healthcare sector continues to advance by embracing all the latest technology before other industries experiment and leverage the technology to the fullest potential. Want to know how you can leverage the latest technologies for your business to grow in a strategic way? Book a free discovery call with our experts and unfold the doors for unlimited opportunities. Share this article: Leave a Reply

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