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Welcome to NurseTeachings.com. Our website is the key to completing nurse progress notes quickly and efficiently. We offer over 2,500 teachings and growing. Each day more and more nurses are adding new teachings. You can also share your teachings. Our user friendly interface allows you to navigate this website without difficulty. Teachings for Nurses & Patients Angina pectoris Teaching 38 Instructed in complication of angina pectoris such as dysrhythmias of the heart and myocardial infarction. Dehydration Teaching 267 Instructed patient to maintain adequate fluid intake (5-7 cups of water per day)to avoid dehydration. Osteoarthritis Teaching 314 Instructed patient on how the severe and persistent pain caused by osteoarthritis may be treated with prescription painkillers. Corticosteriod medications can be injected into a painful joint to relieve discomfort, but this procedure carries the risk of damaging the joint cartilage if performed too frequently. Diabetes Teaching 366 Instructed patient on the steps to follow to prevent a heart attack or stroke by: maintaining proper cholesterol and triglyceride levels, exercise regularly, proper diet, keeping all MD appointments. Diabetes Teaching 402 Instructed patient on S/S of hypoglycemia such as: cold sweat, shaking, blurred vision, faintness, hunger, headache, confused thinking and impatience. Instructed patient that if these S/S occur to take fast acting sugar, such as orange juice with sugar or glucose tablets. General information Teaching 457 Advised using salt substitutes (if permitted by MD), by seasoning food with condiments, such as lemon, parsley, cinnamon, etc. Nerves damages Teaching 604 Patient was instructed on diabetes complications such as nerves damage (diabetic neuropathy). Damage to the nerve that control the bladder, digestive tract and reproductive organ is called autonomic neuropathy and it can cause problems with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Miscellaneous Teaching 988 Instructed on the importance of notifying physician, nurse or other health care provider immediately if difficult and/or painful swallowing occur. Sodium intake Teaching 1932 Sn instructed that reducing sodium intake lowers blood pressure and prevent the collection of fluid in the lower legs or abdomen. People with chronic kidney disease must control sodium intake to prevent volume overload, which increases blood pressure and causes swelling. Food to eat any fresh or frozen beef, lamb, pork, poultry and fish. Eggs and egg substitutes. Low-sodium peanut butter. Dry peas and beans (not canned) drained, water or oil packed canned fish or poultry foods to avoid canned food canned vegetables processed meats salted snacks such as, salted peanuts, salted almonds etc. Tracheotomy Teaching 2037 SN instructed patient about tracheotomy care dressing changes promote skin integrity and help prevent infection at the stoma site and  in the respiratory system. The patient should be instructed at least once per shift, apply a new dressing to the stoma site to absorb secretions and insulate the skin . After applying a skin barrier, apply either a split - drain or a foam dressing. Change a wet dressing immediately.
Search This Site: Diseases and Economic Development How does the long term impact of different diseases affect economic development? Editors' Response: We will assume that you are writing from a developing nation, as this would be the most common situation where a question like this would be asked. Fatal diseases that reach epidemic proportion obviously have the potential to wipe out an entire segment of the population--an age group (what would be called an age cohort), an ethnic group more susceptible to the disease than others, or a vulnerable population such as the elderly. If the people who are dying are younger, the economic impact is greater. If the particular disease affects the age and gender of people who are doing the most productive work, in terms of bringing in income from outside the community, the effects will be more long-lasting. From an economic development standpoint, then, good health is very important to productive workers. If non-fatal disease strikes often, that will reduce the amount of work that is completed. A product sold to others from outside your immediate region will have what is called a multiplier effect within your region. The multiplier means that the same dollar will get passed around the community maybe two, three, or four times before it goes outside of the community. Each time, if your society is a capitalistic one, someone makes a little money. So it is not simply a matter of one day of illness means one day of lost wages. If the earner helps to make something that is sold outside your community, there will be this ripple effect, a multiplier, causing the impact to be more than one day of lost work. In terms of attracting investment from outside the community, if you are in a place where international investment is practical to consider, rampant disease will have a very negative impact on those investment decisions. Keep in mind also that another economic development impact of disease may be that children will be left without parents, which often has a serious round of negative effects on their ability to obtain an education, learn culturally appropriate behavior, and develop an optimistic and work-centered lifestyle. World-wide, solving major disease problems, including malaria and AIDS, is critical. We suppose someone will argue that epidemics are nature's way of controlling population. We do agree that global population is becoming too large, and that overpopulation is a very serious issue indeed. However, most of us would prefer voluntary decisions to limit family size and birth control to having entire age cohorts wiped out in certain nations. In short, disease doesn't help economic development in the least, and in fact it hinders everything that a developing country needs to do, such as improve education for all, build road infrastructure, develop a system of saving money so that capital is available for business development, and devise a stable and predictable government. Click here to post comments Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Economic Development Issues.
PublicShow sourceprotobufs.pl -- Google's Protocol Buffers Protocol buffers are Google's language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data -- think XML, but smaller, faster, and simpler. You define how you want your data to be structured once. This takes the form of a template that describes the data structure. You use this template to encode and decode your data structure into wire-streams that may be sent-to or read-from your peers. The underlying wire stream is platform independent, lossless, and may be used to interwork with a variety of languages and systems regardless of word size or endianness. Techniques exist to safely extend your data structure without breaking deployed programs that are compiled against the "old" format. The idea behind Google's Protocol Buffers is that you define your structured messages using a domain-specific language and tool set. In SWI-Prolog, you define your message template as a list of predefined Prolog terms that correspond to production rules in the Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) that realizes the interpreter. Each production rule has an equivalent rule in the protobuf grammar. The process is not unlike specifiying the format of a regular expression. To encode a template to a wire-stream, you pass a grounded template, X, and variable, Y, to protobuf_message/2. To decode a wire-stream, Y, you pass an ungrounded template, X, along with a grounded wire-stream, Y, to protobuf_message/2. The interpreter will unify the unbound variables in the template with values decoded from the wire-stream. For an overview and tutorial with examples, see protobufs_overview.txt. Examples of usage may also be found by inspecting test_protobufs.pl. - : Jeffrey Rosenwald (JeffRose@acm.org) See also - http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers - : SWI-Prolog Source protobuf_message(?Template, ?Wire_stream) is semidet Source protobuf_message(?Template, ?Wire_stream, ?Rest) is nondet Marshalls and unmarshalls byte streams encoded using Google's Protobuf grammars. protobuf_message/2 provides a bi-directional parser that marshalls a Prolog structure to Wire_stream, according to rules specified by Template. It can also unmarshall Wire_stream into a Prolog structure according to the same grammar. protobuf_message/3 provides a difference list version. Template- is a protobuf grammar specification. On decode, unbound variables in the Template are unified with their respective values in the Wire_stream. On encode, Template must be ground. Wire_stream- is a code list that was generated by a protobuf encoder using an equivalent template. Undocumented predicates The following predicates are exported, but not or incorrectly documented. Source protobuf_message(Arg1, Arg2, Arg3)
::. Home Page ::. Bethe Hagens Articles ::. by Bethe Hagens 1992 - Earth Star - A Treasure Map Rediscovered For more read the afterword in 2007 : EarthStar - USA Overview 2007 Is the Earth itself a complex life-form that behaves like a giant, almost perfectly spherical crystal? In 1971, shortly after the first pictures of Earth from space were made, three Russian researchers from Moscow (a historian, an engineer, and an electrician) published a story in the youth edition of Pravda that echoed discoveries simultaneously being made around the world. Earth, they said, was not the simple spheroid it appeared to be. Hiding under the surface wrinkles of its body was a complex crystalline spirit being whose planetary regulating powers could been seen from space! The corners and edges of this etheric crystal appeared to map the nodes and paths of Earth's life energy-geological fault lines, anomalies (UFO sitings, visions, and cryptozoological beings), edges of tectonic plates, concentrations of biodiversity, centers of ancient civilizations and modern disasters, migratory paths of animals... EarthStar "holds" the seven most important crystals that civilizations in all parts of the world have known. The five Platonic solids and two biologically important crystals (rhombic triacontahedron and rhombic dodecahedron) all fit inside EarthStar. Each crystal maps different Earth phenomena. For example, the Russians found that a 12-sided dodecahedron could be centered on Earth's north and south poles and positioned so that its edges aligned with the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Once they had established this primary position, other data began to line up. An edge ran along the Nile River through the Great Pyramid, and a corner fell at Lake Baikal-the deepest freshwater lake in the world and one of the richest centers of genetically unique aquatic flora and fauna known. The most ancient cultures realized that Earth was both a sphere and a "nest" of crystals. In the creation story of the Brule Sioux, Creator calls the powers of the elements to Earth. In the beginning, all was hoops, within hoops, within hoops. These hoops were orbital paths: Earth's around the Sun, the Sun's around the center of the Milky Way, and the electron's around the nucleus. Everything, at every scale, had the same essential spherical shape and orbital path. "Come to the sixteen hoops, come to Earth!" the Creator called out. Exactly fifteen hoops make up EarthStar's crystal edges. The sixteenth is its path! Ancient civilizations (such as the seat of Hindu culture at the mouth of the Indus River in India) were commonly sited at the crossing of the hoops.. .which are also the corners of the crystals (in this case, an icosahedron). Today, scientists have discovered that EarthStar is the shape of the most common viruses! We have finally developed observational tools that are proving the wisdom in the ancient teaching. "As above, so below" and "on Earth as it is in heaven". Earth is, literally, an environment--^ surrounding living shell, a viron. The shape of EarthStar can be found in mythologies and religious traditions in all parts of the world, and it may hold the key to solving our most critical problems-from geodesic housing to a cure for AIDS. Perhaps the virus is a change agent, not an enemy. A sophisticated numerical code is buried in EarthStar. For example, EarthStar is made up of 120 identical perfect right triangles. Plato called the divine spirit of universal creation The Nurse of Becoming, and her spherical spirit-skeleton was 120 right triangles. 120 tongues of fire descended upon Christs disciples after he departed Earth, and the Queen of Sheba's gift to King Solomon was 120 talents of purest gold. There are twelve "sharp" corners on EarthStar, and ocean currents turn around them. Twelve is the base number by which we organize time, measure, and mythology. . .months, zodiacal ages, apostles, 12-step programs, inches in a foot, to name just a few. In the western Pacific islands of Melanesia, a legend exists about a magical crystal named Qatgora that split in half at the beginning of time. It released twelve sons who transformed primordial chaos into order and beauty. EarthStar is a measure of the universe, a memory of panhuman knowledge, biology and spirit One of the greatest mysteries of human intelligence is our understanding of time and space. For example, the actual lengths in miles of the sides of EarthStars basic triangle are 1440, 2160, and 2592 miles. These numbers underpin science. A day consists of 1440 minutes (24 hours x 60 minutes). The moon is exactly 2160 miles in diameter. Ancient texts from all parts of the world (Mayan, Hindu, Chinese, and Greek) reveal that a zodiacal great year was known. It lasted 25,920 years and is known today as a complete cycle of precession. One-twelfth of that cycle, a zodiacal age, lasted 2160 years. We spiritually tune our acquired knowledge to the beauty of EarthStar. A Few Interesting EarthStar Corners Numbered Key to the Map 1 Great Pyramid at Giza 2 Chernobyl 3 Tyumen oil reserves 4 Lake Baikal 7 Exxon-Valdez Oil Spill 8 Major concentration of medicine wheels 9 Chubb Meteor Crater 11 Findhorn, Loch Ness 12 Mohenjo Daro 13 Natural home of the Panda; ancient Dujiang irrigation system 14 Japan's Devil's Sea 16 Hawaii's time-warp zone 17 Hohokom waterworks; Four Corners 18 Bermuda Triangle 20 Ahaggar ancient cave art 21 Center of contemporary locust plague; ancient Kush 25 Angkor Wat 26 Center of spice trade; Toraja 27 Massive gold reserves 34 Galapagos Islands, the inspiration for Darwin 35 Seat of ancient Peruvian culture (Machu Picchu, Nazca, Moche) 36 Yanomamo homeland 37 Unique deep sea site for lifeform evolution 40 "Natural nuclear reaction" (ca. 1 million years old) 41 Great Zimbabwe; site of earliest pre-humans 44 Wilpena Pound (huge meteor impact); center of Australia's pollution protest movement 45 Numerous UFO sitings 47 Easter Island megaliths 50 Unique Rio de Janeiro tectonic formations 61 & 62 North and South Poles This flyer from 1992 outlines the basic elements of biblical symbolism and ancient metrology that I now believe to be the most significant aspects of all the grid theorizing I've done since. It is the last piece of writing I did on EarthStar before Bill and I split up. Shortly thereafter, I gave the rights to do "whatever" with EarthStar to Dan Shaw at Vortex Maps. Also, about this time, I spent a week in Moscow with the Valery Makarov, the only surviving member of the three-person Russian team that proposed the original icosa-dodec Planetary Grid in the early 1970s. (Chris Bird introduced their work to the West in New Age Journal in May, 1975.) Valery and I were able to communicate through his son, Denis, who holds a doctorate in public policy, and over many glasses of vodka we exchanged agreements and disagreements about our models. He was a wonderful man, an engineer with twinkling eyes, who sadly died in his early 60s just a few years later. Valery believed in extraterrestrial intervention in human evolution, that there were no coincidences, and that he and Goncharov and Morozov had always suspected there was a sky grid. Oddly, I had brought him a gridded celestial globe just to show him where I had taken his ideas. I believe there was (maybe still is) no one else in the world who understood the idea I was trying to reconstruct. This remains my goal: to help modern eyes visualize Plato's ancient divine Mother sphere in the sky. Makarov met Goncharov, "the brains of the operation," in a chance meeting on a train in the 1960s. Almost instantly they began work with Plato's "world dodecahedron" shown at the left. They aligned the edges of the dodecahedron with the mid-Atlantic ridge, not the Great Pyramid. Makarov told me that the many archaeological coincidences they identified were data that fell out from that original alignment with the ridge. The icosahedron was always of secondary importance to them, and they did not explore or even notice the 120-triangle/15-hoop model that Bill Becker and I identified in Plato's Timaeus. What is so odd is that their red arrows of force are the"missing struts" Bill and I had added to the original model! Like Bill and me, the Russian team worked with tape and markers on 12" diameter world globes. In retrospect, this analog view from "way above" is the grid I prefer. The edges and vertices of the "crystal" reveal tendencies in the how the earth and its populations and resources are structured. The "lines" on the grid above are actually more than 50 miles wide, and on and off are very different in a GoogleEarth world! The advantage in working this way was avoiding being caught up in too many details-beginner's mind. We were able to identify interesting phenomena broadly related to the grid, but we made the mistake (I now think) of trying to equate the UVG in-fill patterns (from Buckminster Fuller's Synergetics Two ) with ley lines and "sacred" sites. The grid I see is a structural creative idea, an ideal, a mnemonic, mythological and rooted in mathematical engineering. These files are protected by a Creative Commons license. Any of the information and graphics may be copied and freely shared as long as (1) the author and source are cited; (2) the Creative Commons license is acknowledged; and (3) the material is not sold. Please contact me if you have a question about using any of these materials. ::. Home Page ::. Bethe Hagens Articles Untitled Document Web Design by
The 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot: In 1694, Britain was at war with France and William III, needing more troops ordered Colonel Thomas Farrington, an officer of the Coldstream guards to form a new Regiment. This Regiment became known as Farrington's Regiment of Foot following the custom of the period of naming Regiments after their Colonel. In 1751 (by which time the Regiment had changed its name eight times under successive Colonels) the system changed and all Regiments were given numbers based upon the date of their formation and the Regiment assumed the the title 29th Foot. The first few years of the Regiment's history were spent in England and Ireland, though with the War of the Spanish Succession developing in Europe it was not long before Farrington's regiment joined the Duke of Marlborough's force in Holland where it arrived in March 1704. However it was several months before the Regiment became actively engaged, namely at the lines of Brabant whren Marlborough's force met that of Marshal Villeroi in an inconclusive action. This was followed in 1706 by a decisive British Victory at the Battle of Ramilies in which the Regiment gained the first of its many Battle Honours. During a period of over sixty years between1746 and 1807, the 29th Regiment of Foot spent much of its service in North America and two incidents in which they were involved during this time are particularly worthy of note: "The Ever-Sworded 29th" One night in September 1746, the Officers of the Regiment were at Mess in their Station in North America when they were treacherously attacked by Red Indians, who were supposed to be loyal. The attack was beaten off, but to guard against similar attacks in future the custom of wearing swords in Mess was instituted. This continued as a regimental custom after the Regiment left America, but in 1850 the custom was changed so that only the Captain of the Week and the Orderly Officer of the Day continued to wear their swords at Mess. This unique custom was maintained by the Worcestershire Regiment. "The Boston Massacre" In 1770 the 29th Foot were stationed in Boston at a time when the discontent and hatred felt by the American colonists towards the Mother country, England was extended to the British Troops station in the Colony. Boston was a particular centre of discord and on several occasions there had been free fights between the townsfolk and members of the Regiment. On 5th March, it being their turn for Garrison Duty, the 29th provided a guard for the customs house, where a certain amount of cash was kept. A mob of rioters tried to rush the post and the sentry called out the guard. The guard fixed bayonets and kept the crowd at bay, taking no more violent action, although being subjected to a barrage of abuse. However words led to blows and Captain Preston and Private Montgomery were struck down by one of the mob leaders. On regaining his feet Montgomery heard someone shout "Why don't you fire?" and thinking that this was an order to fire, he did so. Others followed him; three of the rioters were killed and several wounded, the rest of the mob running away. In memory of this incident which the Bostonians called the "Boston Massacre" the Regiment, being the first to shed the blood of the Colonists, was given the nickname 'The Blood Suckers' or 'The Vein Openers'. The incident led to the trial of Captain Preston, Private Montgomery and others of the Guard on murder charges, however, with the aid of John Adams (later to become the second President of the United States) as counsel for Captain Preston, they were totally exonerated by the judge and walked from the court free men. In 1782 individual Regiments began to be linked territorially to counties and the 29th Regiment of Foot was linked to Worcestershire becoming the 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot. In a decree of the French Convention of 1792, the Republic declared its intention to extend assistance to all dissident subjects of monarchist governments. This led eventually to War with Britain and her European allies resolving to contain the French ports and to attack her shipping. The most important French convoys came from the West Indies and these were protected by the French Navy. On 2nd May 1794 news of an important French convoy was received and the Channel Fleet under Lord Howe put to sea. Aboard several of the men-of-war were detachments of the 29th Foot which, like a number of other regiments provided drafts to make up for a shorfall of Marines. On the 1st of June the British Fleet came into action against the French. The four hundred-plus of the Regiment were distributed among several ships: Brunswick, Ramillies, Glory, Thunderer and Alfred. Brunswick with 81 men from the 29th on board was played into battle by the ship's band and a drummer from the 29th, with a popular tune of the day, "Heart of Oak". Brunswick met and came to close grips with Le Vengeur a French ship of equal size and armament and for over two hours they fought. During the fierce fighting, the 29th Detachment Comander, a Captain, was killed and the Ensign and 20 others were wounded. At one stage of the Battle, Achille came to the aid of Le Vengeur but was quickly disabled by a broadside fromBrunswick. At last Brunswick and Le Vengeur drifted apart and the French ship, which was sinking, surrendered. The Battle was fought so far out into the Atlantic that it is known by its date - The Glorious First of June. For its share in the engagement, the Regiment was awarded the Naval Crown to be borne with its Battle Honours. This important campaign, one of the most glorious in the annals of the British Army, was fought in support of the Portuguese and Spanish Allies whose territories had been violated. The 29th Foot was part of Sir Arthur Wellesley's (later to be created Duke of Wellington) Army - as was the 36th Foot, the first time that the two Regiments which were to become the Worcestershire Regiment were on active service together. The 29th embarked at Cadiz on July 1808 and claimed to be the first British unit to land in the Pennisula. It was commanded by the extrovert Lieutenant Colonel The Hon G A F Lake as they advanced towards Rolica. He rode into battle impeccably dressed as if, an observer noted, 'He was about to be received by the King'. Sadly though, it was to be the last time he was to lead his Regiment for he was shot by an enemy skirmisher. He was buried on the battlefield at a spot marked by a monument surmounted by a cross which is maintained by the Portuguese to this day. The musket ball which killed him and the gold medal which was awarded to him posthumously are on display in the Regimental Museum. The 29th saw fierce fighting during the day suffering 151 casualties, the highest figure in Wellesley's army. Four days later the Regiment fought at Vimeiro where the casualties were much lighter, only 14. At Talavera the 29th again distinguished itself. The dominant feature was a hill about a mile distant from Talavera upon which Wellesley's left rested and as the Regiment was moving up to occupy it the French attacked. It was growing dark and in the half light they secured a foothold on the high ground. However the 29th rallied and charged up the slope at the double with bayonets fixed, cheering as they closed with the enemy and firing volleys at the same time, forcing the French to give way. During this battle the 29th captured two enemy colours although the Eagles which had been on top of them had been unscrewed and removed prior to their being taken, otherwise the honour of taking the first French Eagle would have fallen to them. They suffered 189 casualties in the days fighting. It was after this action that Wellesley wrote to the Viscount Castlereagh, the Secretary of State "My Lord...I wish very much that some measure could be adopted to get some recruits for the 29th Regiment. It is the best Regiment in this Army, has an admirable internal system and excellent non-commissioned officers...." In 1811, at Albuhera, the Regiment was again to prove its mettle. As the Battle progreessed, casualties were heavy and in the centre stood the Colours, steadfastly carried by two Ensigns, Vance and Furnace. Both were boys of about eighteen and taking part in their first battle. As the ranks thinned, those that were left rallied on the Colours; which unfortunately formed a good aiming mark for the enemy. Two Colour Sergeants had been killed; Ensign Furnace was wounded. The remaining Colour Sergeant propped up his officer, who once more raised aloft the Colour. By now the Regiment had shrunk to a few small groups and the Colour Party itself was isolated. Ensign Vance fell, mortally hit and the last Colour Sergeant was killed. No help was in sight and in an effort to save the Regimental Colour from the French, young Vance ripped it from its pike and hid it, partly in his tunic and partly underneath his body. Ensign Furnace was dead and the King's Colour was his pall. Fresh troops came up; the French were repulsed and that night a search party found the Colours and their guardians. They were dead, but the Colours were saved. On October 3rd 1811 the Duke of York issued orders for the 29th to return to England to recover and on November 2nd the Regiment embarked, under the command of Major Tucker, on HMS Agincourt, arriving at Portsmouth on December 1st. The 29th was ordered to the Netherlands in April 1815 in order to take part in the Waterloo campaign. The Regiment landed at Ostend on June 13th but in spite of being rushed up by boat along the canal to Ghent, which was reached on June 15th, the Regiment arrived too late to take part in the battle itself. The 29th played a distinguished part in the Wars against the Sikhs in the Sutlej and the Punjab between 1845 - 1850 gaining four Battle Honours; Sobraon, Ferozeshah, Chillianwallah and Goojerat as well as the Honour Punjaub. The Battle of Goojerat was the last occasion upon which the Colours of the Regiment were carried into action.
HOME > PRODUCTS >Hindered settling machine Hindered settling machine The Hindered settling classifier makes use of the rising water to form turbulent flow in the container, which makes the large or relatively large particles concentrate to the bottom of the container and discharge from the bottom valve, while the small particles and the lighter particles overflow from the overflow weir plates and collect into the overflow groove, thus achieving the separation of various minerals. Hindered settlingt classification is widely used in silica sand, especially in strict classification of silica sand for glass, removal of coarse particles and heavy minerals from silican sand, and recovery of foundry sand. Hindered settling machine Features and technology advantages of hindered settling machine Upper cylinder and water tank.The function of upper cylinder is to form turbulent zone within it through the action of rising water, so as to make coarse and fine particles or heavy and light particles to be classified. The role of the water tank is that the water with certain pressure and flow is distributed uniformly to the bottom of the hindered settling machine. 2. Feeder. The feeder is designed to be cone-shaped and can receive the selected slurry from the desliming bucket and feed the material into the middle of the cylinder of the hindered settling machine. 3. Executing unit. The actuator makes the stem move in a straight line within 20-40mm range. 4. Pressure detector. Pressure detector is used to detect the pressure of slurry in turbulent area. 5. Automatic control system. In order to ensure the normal operation of the hindered settling machine, a slurry gravity adjustment system is set up to control the bottom valve to carry out normal discharging. Working principle of hindered settling machine Hindered settling classifier is a hindered (or disturbed) settler, which forms turbulent flow in a container with rising water. The rising water enters the water tank according to the predetermined velocity and pressure, and the material is input into the equipment by the feeder. With the same particle size particles of higher specific gravity will settle faster. For the particle size of a certain range to remain suspended under the action of rising water flow, this area is called turbulent area. The larger particles or the heavier particles will cross the turbulence zone and settle, while the smaller particles or the lighter particles will not cross the turbulence zone, but float upward and overflow from the overflow weir plates and collect in the overflow groove.The pressure gauge is inserted into the slurry in the turbulent area, showing the slurry pressure. Materials are continuously sorted according to the above process. Specification of hindered settling machine Model Pulp concentration Input size(mm) Classification range (mm) Capacity(t/h) Water consumption (m³/h) Water consumption (t) JSS-900 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 10-12 40-80 1.5 JSS-1200 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 12-14 50-100 1.8 JSS-1500 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 14-16 60-120 2.2 JSS-1800 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 16-20 90-150 3.2 JSS-2100 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 20-25 120-180 3.8 JSS-2250 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 25-30 180-240 4.2 JSS-2400 40-60% 0-5 1.0-0.1 30-40 200-320 4.6 Why choose sinonine? We are the first and only company in China that can provide the turnkey project service- EPC service for quartz/silica sand processing plant. We can provide quartz/silica sand production equipment with high cost-effective. We have many silica sand production operating around the world including 46 manufacturers of quartz/silica sand, 12 glass manufacturers, 6 traders, 16 engineering companies and more than 22 construction companies. Learn more about our services Comments and suggestions The process of High purity quartz sand has high requirements for classifying equipment, and high efficiency equipment can be an important guarantee for the operation of the project. Sinonine not only meets my requirements for high quality equipment, but also meets my requirements for cost performance. The cooperation between Sinonine and me will be maintained for a long time. I currently use the Hindered settling machine and Trommel screen with very stable operation, fully automatic production, and the operation cost is very low. The size range of quartz sand grading can be adjusted, it is a very perfect set of equipment. Contact us
[copyright 2008 by Richard Andrew King - All Rights Reserved] [This article is neither designed to either extol or defame Amelia Earhart. Its purpose is simply to study the correlation between one's numbers, life and destiny.] Courage is the price that life exacts for granting peace, ~ Amelia Earhart What destiny has planned for you will come to pass without any planning on your part. Your destiny will cause you to act and make effort according to its plan. ~ 20th Century Mystic, Jagat Singh AMELIA MARY EARHART was born on 24 July 1897 and died, ostensibly, on 2 July 1937 at the age of thirty-nine. She was a woman of her time, before her time, in the time of Yin ascendance where women usually didn't do the daring deeds or have the 'daring do' of men. Earhart, a tomboy at heart, had grit . . . and lots of it. A woman of strong conviction, she fell in love with airplanes while attending a stunt-flying exhibition with one of her friends. The arrow of a winged cupid hit its mark, and the rest was history as she either broke or set one flying record after another, not just for women but for all mankind. Amelia Earhart was a true pioneer. On 20-21 May 1932 (beginning on a 2 calendar day) she became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. This was on the 5th Anniversary of Charles Lindbergh's first ever solo flight across the Atlantic. She did this in 14 hours and 56 minutes. For her heroics, she was awarded the National Geographic Society's gold medal from President Herbert Hoover, and Congress awarded her the Distinguished Flying Cross. On 11 January 1935 (a 2 calendar day) she became the first person, not just woman, to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean, a journey of 2,408-miles between Honolulu and Oakland, California, an absolutely amazing accomplishment. Two years later on 2 July 1937 (a 2 calendar day as well as a 29-11-2 universal day), en route from Lae, New Guinea to Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to circumnavigate the earth in her rebuilt Lockheed Electra airplane, she and her navigator, Fred Noonan, vanished mysteriously and were never found following the largest air and sea search ever recorded in United States Navy history. She was weeks shy of her fortieth birthday when she perished. Basic Matrix As we can see from her Basic Matrix, Amelia Earhart had several master numbers in her chart: an 11-2 Lifepath, a 99-9 Performance-Experience, a 22-4 Soul and a 33-6 Material Soul. In her Life Matrix (not pictured), she had an 11-2 1st Pinnacle PE and an 11-2 Crown Pinnacle PE. Her Name Timeline PE of "Mary" (her middle/2nd name) possessed a 77-5 master energy of extreme thoughtful contemplation and mental sagacity (77) which played itself out in the field of speed, motion, change, exploration, adventure and experience (5). Her "Mary" Name Timeline began when she was 24 and would have continued through her 44th birthday had she lived. Earhart's 11-2 Lifepath set her on a path of achievement. Her 99-9 PE gave her immense global appeal and public power. The number 9 rules the macrocosm, the public stage, travel and power. In effect, it was her destiny to be known on a global scale, even though that was not what she desired in the depths of her soul. Her 22-4 Soul placed her desires, needs and wants in the arena of strength, security, power, material and mechanical things, in this case airplanes. This is akin to Howard Hughes, the great industrialist billionaire who also had a 22-4 Soul and who also set many aviation records. Hughes, like Earhart, also had a 7 Expression. The 22-4 is the master builder vibration. Seven is thought. Thus, Earhart had a desire for security and power which she found through winged flying machines, like Hughes, and she also had an excellent mind, like Hughes (in his pre-geriatric days). Her 33-6 Material Soul gave her great communication and artistic desires, as well as a need for love, home and community. Her 7 Expression made her quiet, almost shy, but very reflective and bright. Seven has a need to be alone and separate, which is why and how she was able to manage being alone and isolated in her aeronautical achievements. Being "solo" was who she was, as well as being an individual of great inner resource and strength. The 7 also rules her 2nd and 3rd Epochs (July, the 7th month, and 1897, a 7 year in reduction). Her 3 Nature filled her with life and self-expression, while her 5 Material Nature gave her a love for speed, motion, movement, change, exploration and experience. For Earhart, her joy (3) was found through speed, motion and freedom (5). A corroborating IR set (Influence/Reality) was that of her 2nd and 3rd Epochs, both 7/5. Here again we see the 7 of isolation and separation playing itself out in the arena of speed, motion, movement, freedom (5). Earhart's Life Matrix (The King's Book of Numerology, Volume 2: Forecasting, Part 1 (currently an eBook), reveals that the core of her life, her Grand Pinnacle (3rd Pinnacle), is a 9/7. This is both prophetic and problematic. Although she didn't die during her Grand Pinnacle Timeline (ages 44 to 52), the Grand Pinnacle ciphers cast an energy veil on everything below them. Furthermore, the timelines at her death were filled with 2, 5, 7 and 9 energies. The 9/7 Influence/Reality combination depicts travel, endings, the macrocosm, and the public stage (9) embracing and creating the 7 of separation, isolation, thought, reflection and spiritual searching. This combination can also manifest itself as turmoil and tragedy (7) originating from travel (9). It is an obvious fact that Earhart's fame came from her worldly accomplishments in the air, especially when being isolated, separated and alone during her remarkable world-record setting solo flights. But the 9/7 pattern also potentially generates heartache and heartbreak. Time of Death We all have an appointed time of death. This is established when we are in the womb. Amelia Earhart's death is reflected in the "stacking" of 9/7, 7/9, 2/9 and 7/5 energy. "Stacking" is a simultaneous alignment of the same energies. "Specific Stacking" is the identical energy; "General Stacking" involves like-kind energies, as in Earhart's case. Stacking creates intensity. Also of note is the vast amount of 7 energy in any capacity - all of which made Earhart a loner and isolationist. For more on the stacking phenomenon, read "Spires of Fire" - an analysis of the events of 911 and the destruction of the Twin Towers in New York on September 11, 2001. At the time of her fated demise, the following combinations were active in Earhart's chart: This Eleven Stack of like-kind ciphers created an enormous amount of energy regarding the 2 (achievement, others, relationship, treacheries and deceits), the 5 (motion, movement, speed, freedom, adventure, loss and accidents), the 7 (isolation, separation, alienation, alone, chaos, turmoil, tragedy) and the 9 (endings, the macrocosm, public stage, travel). Especially notice the large amount of 7 and 9 energy. This is highly unusual. The sheer weight of these vibrations resulted in the fabled story of Amelia Earhart coming to an end . . . for herself, yes, but neither for her legacy nor for those adventurous women flying in tow. Earhart's story was one of freedom, adventure, isolation and triumph on the public stage. She died as she had lived, an adventurer seeking new heights through courage, independence and vision, true to her own statement, "Adventure is worthwhile in itself." ~ finis ~ Return to Top Numerology Articles Index Richard Andrew King Homepage
Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search The Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act, commonly referred to as the Ali Act, is a federal law that was introduced in 1999 and enacted on May 26, 2000 by the 106th Congress to: (1) protect the rights and welfare of boxers; (2) aid state boxing commissions with the oversight of boxing; and (3) increase sportsmanship and integrity within the boxing industry (See 114 Stat. 321(3)(2000)). The Act amends the 1996 Professional Boxing Safety Act by expanding upon legislation against exploitation, conflict of interest, enforcement, as well as additional amendments.[1] The Act was enacted in response to widespread abuse of boxers by means of exploitation, rigged rankings, and rigged matches.[2] The United States Congress noted through research that there were a number of problems with the sport of boxing which needed to be changed to ensure the safety and protection of professional boxers. Listed are a number of discoveries made by Congress (see 144 Stat. 322(3) (2000)): 1. Professional boxing is not governed by any league, association, or any form of an established organization like majority of other professional sports. 2. The state officials are not ensuring the protection of the boxers and are not aware or informed of contracts boxers have agreed to. 3. Promoters are taking advantage of the sport by conducting dishonest business affairs. Promoters are not being punished due to some states being less strict about the legal terms that are stated in contracts. 4. There is no rating system provided to rank professional boxers thus ratings are subjected to manipulation by those in charge. 5. There has been a major interference in the sport because of open competition by restrictive and anti-competitive bodies. 6. There are no restrictions placed on contracts that boxers agree to with promoters and managers. It is necessary to enforce a national contract reform which will guarantee the safety of professional boxers and the public from unlawful contracts and to enhance the integrity of the sport. The Act received several criticisms. One criticism was that the Act provides rules but leaves the enforcement of these rules to the state without defined guidelines.[3] Other criticism stems from the belief that Congress has no purpose regulating the boxing industry, especially if it does not regulate any other sport.[4] In May 2016, a bill was introduced to Congress by Markwayne Mullin, a politician and former mixed martial artist, to extend the Ali Act to mixed martial arts.[5] 1. ^ "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUMMARY". Retrieved 18 May 2013. 2. ^ Baglio, Scott (2000). "The Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act: The First Jab at Establishing Credibility in Professional Boxing". Fordham Law Review. 7. 68 (6): 2257–2259. 3. ^ Hauser, Thomas (2007). "No one is enforcing the federal boxing laws". Retrieved 25 April 2014. 5. ^ "Click Debate: What's all this talk about the Ali Act coming to MMA?". MMAjunkie. June 12, 2016. External links[edit]
An apple a nay FB_IMG_1581555939432Proponents tout apple cider vinegar as an amazing product that can fend off disease as well as managing some lesser accomplishments. But the best evidence indicates the sour fermented liquid has only modest health benefits and certainly lacks to ability to vanquish serious ailments. It may be of some value since the product contains a probiotic, but claims associated with it can be exaggerated, sometimes spectacularly so. Like all vinegars, the apple cider variety consists mainly of acetic acid plus whatever was in the original liquid, minus the sugar that was transformed into alcohol during fermentation. It is the acetic acid that usually leads believers to ascribe panacea qualities to the resultant product. The most extreme assertion is that it can treat or prevent some cancers. There is no evidence anywhere to buoy this idea and anyone gulping apple cider vinegar to halt rouge cell growth is making a fatal mistake. Those who believe in the oncological power of the sour liquid may be relying on studies in which cultured cancer cells shrunk after being exposed to vinegar or acetic acid. But as Dr. Edwin McDonald of the University of Chicago School of Medicine wrote, “We can’t directly pour ACV on cancers inside of people. Further, you definitely can’t give someone an ACV IV infusion without causing serious harm or death.” Another erroneous, dangerous idea is that the vinegar controls high blood pressure. This may be based on one small study of rats that showed a decrease in a specific type of blood pressure when the rodents were plied with a diet heavy in acetic acid. But like most such test results, there is no comparable conclusion reached with humans. McDonald warns, “High blood pressure is nothing to play with. There’s simply not enough data to support using ACV as a blood pressure medication. Eat a healthy diet, exercise, and take your meds.” Sticking with serious conditions, there is scattered belief out there that apple cider vinegar lowers blood sugar among diabetics. There has been one small clinical trial in which drinking a tiny amount of the vinegar each day seemed to improve blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes. And Skeptoid’s Brian Dunning noted, “It’s biochemically plausible; the acetic acid can interfere with absorption of starches, reducing their ability to change blood sugar levels.” However, he added, there are some caveats. First, all vinegars contain acetic acid, so there would be no added gain from ingesting the apple cider version. More importantly, the benefit is infinitesimal and the vinegar is no substitute for diabetes medication. There’s no harm in using it and there might be minor benefit to doing so, but diabetics should always take their prescribed medicine as well. A more humble claim is that the vinegar may help with weight loss. There have been a few small studies in Japan that reached this conclusion, but the subjects were already on a diet and exercise regimen. Still, those taking the vinegar did lose more weight than those swallowing a placebo, so they’re might be something there. But the evidence is still murky, owing to insufficient sample sizes and the small number of tests. And in any event, it – at best – only helps augment weight loss. It would be an inadequate replacement for a gym routine and a healthy, balanced diet. While the cancer claim is bogus and the idea of it being a weight loss ally is a maybe, we can conclude that all vinegar, when mixed with lemon juice, is efficient at disinfecting Salmonella-tainted products. However, it is up to the person washing the suspect lettuce to do a thorough job. The safer method is to toss the tomatoes and cucumbers and open a can of soup instead. Next, there are those who think apple cider vinegar can serve as an antimicrobial disinfectant for scrapes and cuts. It’s true that acetic acid is antimicrobial. But apple cider vinegar contains other ingredients that are not and dashing them on an open wound may contaminate and exacerbate it. At a minimum, it will sting like the dickens. Use a salve instead. The pain will be much less and the medicine will actually work. Finally, we look to the belief that drinking apple cider vinegar will produce an antimicrobial effect. This is likewise mistaken. As Dunning explained, “When an acidic compound hits your duodenum just after the stomach, it’s neutralized by sodium bicarbonate and its antimicrobial properties vanish. I don’t want to be all negative here. Let me close by saying apple cider vinegar will give your chili a right proper kick. In UFO lore, witnesses saw a shimmering, long-lasting fireball over a large swath of the northern U.S. and southern Canada on Dec. 9, 1965. This tale includes two dozen aircraft reports and shockwaves picked up by seismographs. There were also claims of metal debris scattered across the area where the fireball had been seen. Most chillingly, the woods outside of Kecksburg, Pa., were allegedly cordoned off by government agents, who drove away with a large, acorn-shaped object emblazoned with unknown symbols that resembled ancient Egyptian. Popular ideas among believers was that the craft had belonged to either aliens or Nazis. Or fascist Venusians for maximum effect. Since then, other notions have been floated. Some suspect it might have been the Soviet Kosmos-96 Venus probe, which had failed during its launch about 15 days prior and which re-entered Earth’s atmosphere the day the fireball appeared. But declassified Soviet documents now show that Kosmos-96’s orbit would have never placed it anywhere near Kecksburg. Paranormal author Leslie Kean field a Freedom of Information Act request with NASA to force the agency to release for files on the Kecksburg event. NASA officials responded that the requested items had been lost, which even to this hardboiled skeptic seems dubious. However, a much more well-known skeptic, Brian Dunning, noted that NASA runs the country’s space program and does not delve into searches for aliens or enemy satellites. Those seeking information on UFOs or wayward Soviet spacecraft would be better served filing FOI requests with the military or intelligence services. If there was a cover-up, NASA wasn’t the agency responsible. Furthermore, shows on the laughably-named History Channel and likeminded networks are about selling ads and increasing viewership, not finding out what happened. Dunning explained how the programming words: “Many of my colleagues and I have appeared on these shows as expert talking heads, and the directors are constantly prompting us to say certain phrases, to repeat what we just explained but using a specific term that they want, in order to give them just the snippet of dialog that they can isolate and give viewers the impression that scientists all believe some wild alien explanation is the true one.” This also happens to eyewitnesses, who end up seeming to endorse what the producers want when that may not be the case at all or is only part of the story. Meteorological reports confirm that on the day of the Kecksburg incident, a hypersonic bolide made its way across part of North America. All known observations by astronomers indicate it was a meteor. 50 Kecksburg residents, representing 10 percent of the town, asked producers not to air the program because it was so laden with errors. Especially strident was Ed Myers, the fire chief in 1965 who was falsely accused of helping cordon off the woods. As to the craft and its alien accoutrements putatively whisked away, the only alleged eyewitness was 10 years old at the time and he made no mention of this until quarter of a century later when appearing on the sometimes-fascinating, sometimes-sensationalist Unsolved Mysteries. No accounts from 1965 made any mention of this Unidentified Nonflying Object. “Not a chief concern” (Plastic bag bans) My sweetest-ever trip to the grocery store was last month, as I gathered items for my oft-dreamed-of and now-realized Chiefs Super Bowl party. The cashier loaded the nacho cheese, Chex Mix, and M&Ms into thin plastic bags, which in some locales would be illegal. Such municipalities take this measure in the belief that a bag ban will reduce waste and litter, and, by extension, benefit the environment. In truth, these bans are detrimental and are a victory for emotion over science. Paradoxically, manufacturers of disposable plastic profit from bans on carryout bags. That’s because these humble methods of conveyance make the least money of all the company’s products. The bags also have the least environmental impact, owing to their flimsiness. Moreover, even with a ban, customers still need something to carry their Lucky Charms home in. This usually leads to plastic bag manufacturers being able to sell some of their more durable bags, which have a more deleterious effect. There are three primary myths about the flimsy gray carryout receptacles. First is that they contribute significantly to ocean plastics. Skeptoid’s Brian Dunning noted that the disposable plastic bags from the U.S. constitute just .5 percent of the sea plastic. While other nations contribute more waste from the bags, bans in the U.S. don’t impact that. In other words, banning bags in the U.S. results in only a microscopic reduction in such waste. The second misnomer is that bans decrease the amount of disposable plastic leaving the supermarket. That’s because about a quarter of carryout bags are reused, for such purposes as diaper disposal, tossing dog waste, or lining Lilliputian trash cans. In places where such bags are no longer available, persons still need to get rid of baby and/or canine excrement and to cover waste basket bottoms. When localities implement these bans, sales of small- and medium-sized plastic trash bags sales skyrocket, with an increase anywhere from 50 to 150 percent. And as Dunning notes, the banned bags are extremely flimsy, whereas trash bags are much heavier and contain substantially more plastic. The third myth is that plastic bags do more ecological damage than other choices. Besides the tiny plastic bags, there are three other common options: Paper bags; Durable reusable plastic bags of polyethylene or polypropylene; and reusable cotton bags. Dunning laid out the impact of each of these over the course of their existence. He explained that this includes the sourcing of its material, its manufacture, transportation, logistics, number of uses, how many goods it houses, and its final destiny, be it in a recycled product, a landfill, or incineration. Despite its continual chastisement, the tiny carryout bag has by far the lowest environmental impact, mostly because it contains little material. Also, it is plastic, which has a low melting temperature. Further, it requires less energy to manufacture and recycle than most other materials. Put another way, the banned bag actually serves to satisfy environmentalist goals. The second best alternative is paper bags, which have four times the carbon footprint of single-use plastics. This means if a consumer reuses a paper bag four times before recycling it, the environmental impact will be the same as using the plastic bag once. I myself have never taken the same paper bag back to the grocery for a second use. Shame on me. But more shame on those banning plastic bags. Next is the durable reusable plastic bag, offered by some food peddlers as a low-price alternative (though not as low price as the free plastic bag). These reusable bags are heavier and have 14 times the carbon footprint. Again, this means a consumer would need to use this item 14 times to match the efficiency of its single-use counterpart. By far the worst choice are cotton bags. Dunning wrote, “Growing cotton involves tractors and seeds and irrigation and a whole other level of impact.” A consumer would need to reuse a cotton grocery bag a whopping 173 times to match the carbon footprint of bringing home a single-use plastic bag. What many assume to be an environmentally-friendly option is anything but, except for the optional part. Don’t blame me for any of this. I took the plastic bags from the nachos and Chex Mix and made them into receptacles for the bottles which had held my celebratory libations following the Chiefs win. “Back to the wall” (Amber Room) Commies, Nazis, and Indiana Jones wannabes all play roles in the long, captivating, dispiriting history of the Amber Room. The room was an extremely opulent portion of the Catherine Palace near St. Petersburg its highly-ornate walls were worth untold millions, as was the artwork which hung on it. It featured bright gilded panels imbued with gold and amber, as well as gold leaf and mirrors and esthetically arranged. It was the pride of the Romanov Dynasty and then the Soviet Union until invading German soldiers took possession of it. While trying to move the room, the Nazis found it too brittle to be safely disassembled. Anatoly Kuchumov could have told them that. He served as a Soviet curator and he discovered how fragile the pieces were when he tried to move the invaluable collection into hiding. He settled for building false walls to cover the amber panels but the impromptu gamble failed and the German soldiers took apart he walls and packed it into crates. They sent it to Königsberg Castle, which was razed after the arrival of Brits and Soviets, with the latter burning the building completely. Kuchumov recovered three Florentine stone mosaics, which were the only inflammable portions of the Amber Room. More than three decades later, German citizen Hans Achterman saw a documentary about the room and he recognized the stone mosaics as something identical to an item in his parents’ attic. His father had been one of the soldiers who had dismantled the room and he stole the mosaic and kept it as a souvenir. This find stoked a batch of conspiracy theories and wild claims about other parts of the room still being hidden or otherwise waiting to be found. Some proponents believe the room’s contents were packed into crates and moved before the Red Army got to Königsberg. Others maintain they were put on a ship which sank. Other ideas are that it is being held in mine shafts or an abandoned warehouse. Investigative journalists Cathy Scott-Clark and Adrian Levy addressed all this and much more in their work, The Amber Room: The Fate of the World’s Greatest Lost Treasure. They interviewed former intelligence officers, government officials, retired military, and curators. They concluded that, “The Soviet Union, while wanting to be seen to search for the Amber Room, was also determined that nothing should be found.” That’s because the USSR’s leaders knew their soldiers had destroyed the Amber Room but wanted to keep the idea it still existed as a bargaining chip. So when looted German artwork is mentioned, the Soviets retort that Amber Room also went missing. The Soviet official with the most vested interest in the destruction’s cover-up was Kuchumov. He nervously watched as his former museum colleagues were shipped to Siberia for failing to protect treasures from the Nazis, and none of those valuables were worth what Kuchumov oversaw. He spent several years in charge of a commission whose ostensible mission was to unearth the Amber Room. But it was all a sham and Kuchumov was an “acting chairman” in the most literal sense. The commission’s actual purpose was for Kuchumov to keep his freedom by maintaining an illusion that Amber Room valuables were still out there waiting to be found. The longer it stays hidden, the more the legend grows. “Police scanner”(Scientific Content Analysis) Scientific Content Analysis, called SCAN, is touted by proponents as a tool to identify deception. Law enforcement has used his method on suspects for decades, even though there’s no reliable science behind it, despite the name. An article by Ken Armstrong and Christian Sheckler shone a light on this technique which is little-known outside of interrogation rooms. They pair recounted the story of Ricky Joyner, currently incarcerated on a murder conviction. Police asked Joyner to fill out a questionnaire regarding the disappearance of an Elkhart, Ind., woman, Sandra Hernandez. Remembering what they had learned in SCAN classes, detectives noticed Joyner refrained from using first person pronouns, writing, as one example, “Went home,” instead of, “I went home.” Or that a reference to his love interest was scribbled down as “a girlfriend,” instead of “my girlfriend.” What would seem to most people to be innocuous was considered signs of guilty by police. Officers also found it suspicious that Joyner’s handwriting was larger and more spread out in the answer’s last two lines than in the previous seven. This can happen when one gets tired from writing nine pages, as Joyner had done, but in SCAN logic, this was indication the author was a murderer. When police asked Joyner why they should believe him, he wrote, “I have nothing to hide.” Detectives thought this was a big deal since he failed to explicitly state, “I didn’t do it.” Suspects like Joyner fill out a statement that SCAN investigators peruse for signs of deception. They focus on pronouns used, inconsistent vocabulary, what has been omitted, and how much of a suspect’s statement focuses on what happened before, during, and after an event. Indications of truthfulness are considered to be: Using the past tense; using first-person singular; and direct denials, the best being: “I did not do it.” Signs of deception include lack of memory, spontaneous corrections, and using two different words to convey the same meanings, such as writing “angry” at one point, then “mad” later. SCAN founder Vinoam Sapir demonstrated on television how the techniques are supposed to work by analyzing some famous examples. He looked at the FBI investigation into the Trump campaign. Sapir told the interviewer: “The report says, ‘whether,’ and not ‘whether or not.’ By the omission of ‘or not’ it seems that the FBI was already concentrating on only one option.” However, the use of “or not” would be redundant, so Sapir is engaging in wild speculation, besides being linguistically mistaken. He also touched on Anita Hill’s testimony, pouncing on the fact that she said, “I had a normal social life with other men outside of the office.” Sapir arrived at this conclusion: “There is only a certain group in society that can label themselves as normal, and that is people who were labeled abnormal before.” Also a red flag, he continued, was that Hill referred to herself as an “individual” and “a person.” This assertion of her humanity was considered odd by Sapir. “Anita Hill never called herself a woman,” he gleefully noted, and suggested this meant she had issues with her sexual identity. In another high-profile example from the early 1990s, Sapir recalled how Connie Chung had asked Magic Johnson about whether he was gay or bisexual. Johnson replied, “I’m not gay,” which Sapir interpreted to mean that the Hall of Fame point guard was bisexual. But Johnson had been presented artificially-limited choices. Had Chung added heterosexual to her probing of Johnson’s sexuality, Sapir’s deduction might have had more validity, but even then, wouldn’t be as certain as he is implying. For all of Sapir’s certainty, there is nothing scientific behind SCAN despite that word appearing in its name. Five studies have shown that the techniques work no better than chance when determining if a statement is true or deceptive. Psychology professor Aldert Vrij co-authored the most recent of these five papers and has published hundreds of pieces on verbal and nonverbal cues to deception. He also led a study that included 61 volunteers split into three groups. In this experiment, one group consisted of members who committed a mock theft of a statistics exam from a departmental mailbox, then lied about everything they had done that day in written statements. A second group comprised members who stole the exam but lied only about the paper pilfering, and not about anything else. The third group were subjects who stole nothing and were truthful in all their answers. Interrogators analyzed the resulting statements using SCAN criteria. Their results failed to show any distinction between the three groups. “In sum, no support for the use of SCAN was found in the experiment,” the authors concluded. Vrij also faulted SCAN for its lack of standardization, noting that the criteria that is considered most relevant varies by interrogator. I decided be an interrogator myself and use SCAN techniques on a section of Sapir’s home page from what appears to be from Gopher era website. Sapir gave this synopsis of how SCAN is supposed to work: 1. Give the subject a pen and paper. 3. Analyze the statement and solve the case. Here is my analysis of Sapir’s analysis: 1. By failing to include ‘a’ or any other qualifier before paper, Sapir shows he is afraid of commitment, never telling us how many sheets are needed. 2. Sapir instructs the person to ‘ask’ the subject something. He should have instead wrote, ‘Have the subject write down…,” since interrogators are not asking questions, but requesting a statement. This indicates Sapir is evasive with regard to his intent. 3. The entire point is to analyze and solve, so this is a superfluous and points to egomaniacal behavior. “Decreased celery” (Negative calorie foods) For all the fad diets that come and go, there really is no secret to weight loss. Reduce the number of calories taken in, increase the number of calories burned. There are tips that can help with this, such as planning workout routines with a partner since one is less likely to blow off a friend than one is to skip a gym solo session. Drinking water to feel full or concentrating on satiating foods also helps, but the basics are still less in, more out. With that, there is the notion that some foods that will take more energy to digest than what they provide in calories, making for a negative caloric intake. Skeptoid’s Brian Dunning noted that the caloric content of food and how much energy the body spends burning calories are both testable claims so let’s test away. We start by considering the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), which is how much energy a body at rest burns in a day. It’s essentially how many freebies you get. You can consume this amount of calories, remain sedentary, and your weight will hold steady. A formula called the Revised Harris-Benedict Equation multiplies a person’s height, weight, and age by a separate constant then totals them all up with another constant. Dunning wrote that for a man who is 5-6 and weighs 150 pounds, it would look like this: BMR = (13.397 × weight in kg) + (4.799 × height in cm) – (5.677 × age in years) + 88.362. In this scenario, our hypothetical test subject has a BMR of 1,607 calories. Those are his freebies. If he engages in a small amount of activity, such as walking to the post office or wherever people walk to in these days of dwindling post offices, we multiply his BMR by 1.2. Moderate activity such as jumping jacks and chopping wood would necessitate multiplying the BMR by 1.55. Strenuous activity such as sprinting uphill while carrying dumbbells means multiplying the BMR by 1.725. This would boost the number of calories he could take in without gaining weight to nearly 2,800, substantially more than the 1,600 he gets for lying on the couch. Now we consider the thermic effect of food. This refers to metabolic rise needed to digest victuals. A resting metabolic rate when doing nothing beyond daydreaming is what we get we arrive at the BMR of 1,607 calories. But when someone begins digesting food, that rate rises. Thermic effects differ based on the food and the person. Fat digests easily, and thus has a low thermic effect and lots of calories. At the opposite end of the spectrum we find high-protein foods. These need to be broken down into amino acids in order to be digested and this requires energy. Similarly, foods containing complex carbohydrates and fiber make the body work harder to reduce them into the needed building blocks. The energy required to perform these processing tasks varies by person, with obesity and insulin resistance the biggest factors. Put all this together and we will see that under specific conditions, negative calorie foods can exist. Someone who is slender and with low insulin resistance might get negative calories from celery consumption. The food is mostly water and the few calories come from fiber, the unraveling and digesting of which produces high thermic effects. But only a few foods function as negative calorie ones. Further, this only works for the slimmest, healthiest people. For those at normal or above normal weights, celery would likely not be a negative calorie food and, even if it were, a steady intake of the fibrous green veggie would make for a poor diet lacking in nutrients. It is also not very satiating or tasty, to say nothing of how hard it would be to stick to. “Flop secret” (Rhonda Byrne) Want to know a secret? You can have whatever you want just by thinking about it happily enough. However, steer clear of negative or scary thoughts, which can cause things you fear to happen. Actually, this isn’t so much as secret as is THE Secret, a movie and book by Rhonda Byrne. Her premise entails more than suggesting that positive thinking can be one tool in a kit that helps foster desirable results. Byrne claims that wishing for something in a specific manner (which she sells) will have a causal effect. Do it well enough and stage four cancer patients can have the disease cured on the day they win the lottery. This is accompanied by evidence-free claims that The Secret has been known and utilized by many great persons. The list reads like a casting call put out for history’s most forward thinkers and accomplished geniuses. We’re talking Buddha, Aristotle, Plato, Sir Isaac Newton, Martin Luther King Jr., Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, Winston Churchill, Andrew Carnegie, Alexander Graham Bell, and Ludwig von Beethoven. Curiously, none of these persons ever made reference to the exponential power of positive thinking. Maybe they were really good at keeping The Secret. While a positive outlook and the search for silver linings can be of some benefit, the same cannot be said for The Secret’s insistence that people’s thoughts are responsible for bad things that happen to them. Anyone victimized by rape, tornadoes, drunk drivers, or childhood leukemia could have avoided this fate by adjusting their thought patterns. That’s not the way it’s presented in the book or the movie, but neither is it a strawman. It is taking the idea’s philosophy to its conclusion. Many persons have a romantic, wistful image about things from ancient days, which is one reason Byrne references Buddha, Aristotle, and Plato. People also like easy answers, even if they come at $179 a pop. They also like to feel in control. Put all this together, and one arrives at The Secret. While it uses the appeal to antiquity, The Secret also employs that logical fallacy’s opposite number, the appeal to novelty. Byrne claims to be on the cutting edge of science by stating that quantum physics explains The Secret via the Law of Attraction. This can sound reasonable to a lay person, especially one who wants to believe, since attraction sounds like magnetism, which is a genuine phenomenon. However, Byrne asserts that thoughts have energy and that similar energies are attracted to each other. These feelings are said to flow from the thinker in the form of magnetic energy waves, which force the universe around the thinker to vibrate at the same energy level as their feelings. That is not a genuine phenomenon, but genuine gobbledygook. Further, it has no relevance to quantum physics, which is the attempt to describe what goes on at the atomic and subatomic levels. Common sense should come into play here. If one has no way to pay the rent that’s due in three weeks, sitting around envisioning money falling into one’s lap is a much worse way to spend precious time than applying for jobs. There is a grain of truth to the idea that thoughts can influence behavior and actions. But there is no such grain associated with the idea of metaphysical entities existing for our access and manipulation.
Five Rules to Create Engaging, Legible Presentation Slides by Xabier Granja, Department of Modern Languages and Classics Picture this: you are teaching a content class that is not based on visual material. Maybe you cover centuries-old literary works or political movements that did not spark a major artistic style, so you have to rely on text. We live in an age where 92% of teens interact online on a daily basis using all sorts of devices and, in following the evolution of the Internet as a whole, graphical content now reigns supreme (it is no wonder infographics have become so popular). Semester after semester, a growing number of students seem increasingly disconnected, or maybe they are having difficulty grasping concepts that could benefit from some visual aid. So you decide to create a slide presentation as a manageable way to make your lessons more engaging and clarifying. You make the slides, you use them in class, and soon you realize they do not seem to be helping much, or at all. Due to your lack of results, you give up: “PowerPoint” was simply not useful for your class after all. Right? Wrong. I get it. I went through those same steps that most of us educators go through at some point in our careers while we try to adopt technology in our classroom. It is never easy – no matter what anyone tells you — to effectively integrate technology into your instruction. It requires proper design, planning, and execution that will likely evolve by applying lessons over years of teaching. It took me the better part of a decade to realize that the problem was not PowerPoint but my own poor understanding of visual acuity and unrealistic expectations for the average human attention span (I guess not everyone is as fascinated about gender issues in the early 1600s as I am). Over the past year, I have finally managed to make engaging and effective presentation slides because I now pay attention to one element that is shockingly often ignored: legibility. The more presentations I give, the more feedback I receive about the clarity of my slides and how much easier it is to follow the content I am showcasing. Likewise, the more presentations I attend, the more I realize many scholars have real difficulties in condensing (and editing!) the information they want to convey in order to create quality materials for their classes, conferences, and other events. How to Make Better Slides In this post, I will give you some basic notions of what design flops to avoid and a simple set of five rules that yield engaging presentation slides that are legible, clear for your students, and simple to create. Adhering to these rules will ensure your presentations are effective, legible and most of all, engaging: 1. Write no more than 40 words per slide. 2. Avoid font sizes smaller than 28-point. 3. Use black text on a white or a light grey background. 4. Use red, blue, or green colors for highlights. 5. Use pattern repetition throughout your presentation. You can get started with this SamplePresentation! Keep Text Brief and Legible Let’s start with a common occurrence. How often have you attended a presentation, class or conference where you faced something like this: Lorem ipsum text, which is a pseudo-Latin text used in web design, typography, layout, and printing in place of English to emphasise design elements over content. It's also called placeholder text If you read Lorem ipsum and did not bother with the rest of the page, I would not blame you. The human brain has been trained for millennia to recognize patterns in the natural world — the kind of mental categorization that leads to phenomena like Pareidolia. It is only natural, then, that after seeing the first obvious two words, the rest immediately became nothing more than 4 rectangular blobs. Regardless of whether the average attention span is really shortening to about 8 seconds or not, most people look at that slide and their attention turns to the shapes in it — it is your evolutionary predisposition. That slide’s text excess is ineffective because the mind cannot process the sudden information overload, regardless of your interest on the content. How do we fix this? Editing the content to the most important aspects and cutting out everything else is vital for an effective slide — brevity enhances communication, as different publications have already explored. Use Color and Contrast Sometimes presenters gravitate towards gradients. The color shift captivates our eyes’ natural affinity for changes in color and brightness. This shorter slide is more digestible but has lost contrast. If visual aids are hard to read, the mind wonders again. Your student is now no longer listening or paying attention but focusing on discerning the shape of that single rectangle blob. Lorum ipsum text with a blue background that fades to white at the top of the slide So, if gradients often fail at making things interesting, a more captivating graphical background, in some way related to the content, would surely do the trick, right? We can even blur it to increase legibility and, following the latest fashion, use a modern white-text-on-dark approach: white lorum ipsum text with an out-of-focus image background Now that is a striking slide. Your audience is now paying attention. The problem is, they are focused on the picture and not the text. It is visually engaging, so much so that colors and brightness have overtaken the main goal: content. Over the past few years, the trend has been to create impact without detracting from the content: white-on-black has become the new king. lorum ipsum in white text with an all black background. two of the filler text words are in red font Bold. The frame of the display melts away, white text floats on the screen. Now the text is striking, there are no distractions, your mind is predisposed to read it, its attention focused on the paragraph. You even highlighted part of it in red for a more visceral contrast, because science proves human eyes are designed to see red and green better than blue. There is only one small problem. This is how your striking slide looks in real life: image of the previous image projected onto a screen in a UA classroom The issue? Your desktop or laptop screen consists of a dark LCD panel where LEDs behind it light up pixels, and so black looks quite dark while whites shine through with force. Most presentation screens, however, are made of silvery-white fabric, because this material renders projected images best. When projected, your black becomes light grey and contrast goes out the window: the white text is barely readable, and the red highlight is illegible. You could argue that sometimes you know that you will have a digital screen for your presentation, but considering that most consumer-grade displays are only capable of outputting 100-300 nits (unless you have a fancy HDR-capable system that outputs at 1000 nits with local dimming), the few white pixels that comprise your text will not light up much. There are plenty more problems with displaying white-on-black text, and it gets even worse for anyone in your audience who happens to suffer from astigmatism. We can fix this by making three simple changes: • Return to a light background. • Make the text even shorter than it was before. • Use a sharper font (e.g., Arial) that’s larger and easier to see. Some will appreciate this clean aesthetic, others will find it boring or unexciting. Not to worry! You can add a light background to make your slide more interesting, while still maintaining legibility and contrast. Light grey is preferable, as it will not greatly decrease contrast while reducing the light scattering that your eyes struggle with on harsh black/white projections: the same slide as above but with a light grey background and a few words in red and blue font This slide avoids all the problems mentioned up to this point. The light background takes into account that it will be projected on a light fabric screen that will render it slightly lighter, perceptually melting away while avoiding the ‘clinical white’ feeling that displeases many. The same paragraph was cut in two main points, for a total of 34 words on the screen that approaches the character limit for maximum effectiveness (40 words). Let’s see how this slide displays in real life: image of the slide described above projected onto a UA classroom screen Notice how the big font, paired with colors that strongly contrast amongst themselves creates a very legible slide, even in an environment where lighting is not doing us any favors. I chose blue instead of green because it happened to have more contrast on this screen, which points to the fact that while the theory is helpful (e.g., green is easier to read), you need to take into account the projection method, surface, and room for best results. If we switch back to the now popular white-on-black style, the slide disintegrates: the same slide as a above, but with white font on a black background White-on-black has become white-on-grey and is less legible than before. The blue highlight is now barely so but fares better than the red one, which is practically invisible. Does this mean that we should never use a dark background for improved legibility? Not really – you can effectively use this style for an elegantly designed, striking slide that aims for impact, not content. This implies the use of very big fonts and graphical elements to create a sensation, instead of communicating content through text. This slide makes much more efficient use of the picture we saw earlier, and it becomes engaging because it focuses on impact, not content. Because slides are free and you do not need to pack everything in one chunk, this impact slide is easy to read in an instant, full of contrast, memorable. Both the black and white background engage your audience, and while both hold up quite well upon being projected, the lighter one displays better. Repeat Design Patterns Finally, if you do have images that you can use, avoid shocking your audience with moving elements flying around the screen. The brain focuses on the changes, not on the content, and there is more potential for confusion than there is for attention. The human mind, as initially stated, is used to pattern recognition: use a repetitive structure that offers few changes, where your audience cannot get lost because they will instinctively know what to expect. The following is an example of one of my recent conference presentations, following all the indications in this post: a sample of the author's actual presentation slides Whether you are presenting research at a conference, showcasing points of interest to your colleagues, or teaching a class, different slide styles fit a variety of scenarios and it is your responsibility as the communicator to figure out how to do so most effectively. Most of the time you do not have control of where you will display your slides, so it is best to be proactive and default to best practices to avoid any potential complications. Hopefully, this post gives you a few pointers as you design your next slide presentation. There are plenty of resources online for templates, whether paid or free, and their success at engaging audiences varies wildly. My recommendation? Create your own template from scratch and reuse that template ad-infinitum. Soon it will become your own style and you will instinctively know exactly where to put elements. Adhering to the simple set of five rulew will ensure your slides are effective, legible and most of all, engaging.
Public Area Access Pro Bacteria boost marathon runners’ times What if the performance of marathon runners was also related to their gut microbiota? That is the conclusion from a North American study focusing on the link between the presence of bacteria from the Veillonella genus and athletic performance. Based on recent works, it seems that marath... Athletes: think about protecting your oral flora! High-level athletes are more vulnerable to cavities and gum disease (gingivitis), dental plaque, chronic dental diseases… Is their mouth more fragile? A study of the oral microbiota of professional rugby players by a French team seems to confirm it. Since a number of observations were m... Athletes have a more efficient microbiota While benefits of sports are well known, the link with the microbiota is just starting to be investigated. An Irish team studied the impact of physical activity on our intestinal flora. Besides the heart, brain or muscles, the microbiota is an unsuspected beneficiary of physical exercis... 1. 1 2. 2 3. >
TWD - Taiwan Dollar - FXCM UK The Taiwan dollar has gained a reputation over the years as a stable currency in the Asian region owing to the country's steady economic management, and open investment and trade policies. It is symbolised by NT$ and has a currency code of TWD. There is currently NT$1.8 trillion in circulation, and a volume of approximately US$24 billion in Taiwan dollars is traded daily on global foreign exchange markets.[1] The currency is regulated by the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Single Taiwan dollars are issued as coins. The currency has banknotes of NT$2000, NT$1000, NT$500, NT$100 and NT$200, and it features images of important Taiwanese historical leaders on one side and images of Taiwanese cultural icons on the other. The History Of The Taiwan Dollar The island nation that today is Taiwan is believed to have been inhabited dating back 20,000 to 30,000 years by aboriginal hunter-gatherer populations. The Dapenkeng culture, dating from around 3,000 B.C., is believed to be the first permanent agricultural society in the region. While the country lies only 100 miles off the mainland of China, official records of Chinese visits to the territory that is now Taiwan date only to about the third-century A.D. The island was taken over by Dutch settlers in 1622. At the time of their arrival, they found a population of about 70,000 aboriginal inhabitants and around 2,000 Chinese and Japanese fishermen and merchants who used the area as a trading outpost. Following the Dutch settlement, the Chinese population grew to about 35,000, and in 1661 the Chinese-Japanese sea lord Koxinga drove the Dutch off the island. In 1683, the Chinese emperor Shengzu of the Qing dynasty wrested control of Taiwan from Koxinga's grandson Cheng K'o-shuang, and the rule over the island was transferred to the Chinese Qing dynasty. The original inhabitants of Taiwan lived off of subsistence agriculture and hunting, but sugar and rice farming gained prominence on the island with the arrival of the Dutch. The Dutch and visiting Spanish merchants on the island brought with them European gold and silver currency, including Dutch Guilders and Spanish 8 Real coins. With Chinese rule, silver Chinese Tael coins and copper coins such as Yongle Tongbao coins were in circulation. Chinese coins remained in use in Taiwan until 1895, when the island was taken over by the Japanese during the Sino-Japanese war. From that time, the Taiwanese yen, which was placed on par with the Japanese yen, was used in the country. Japanese rule in Taiwan ended in 1945 with the end of WWII, and the Chinese Nationalists took over the island. At that time, the Chinese Nationalist government adopted the Taiwan dollar, known now as the old Taiwan dollar, as the country's currency. In 1949, with the beginning of Communist rule in mainland China, the Chinese Nationalists moved their capital to Taiwan from Nanjing under the leadership of Chiang-Kai Shek. In an effort to rein in runaway inflation that had assailed the old Taiwan dollar, the Taiwanese government introduced the new Taiwan dollar at a rate of 1 to 40,000 of the previous currency. The new Taiwan dollar effectively became the Taiwan dollar that remains in use to the present. In the aftermath of WWII and the Communist takeover of mainland China, Taiwan was heavily dependent on aid from the U.S. for military and economic development. In this environment, the country developed a strong manufacturing and export base and robust economic growth ensued, helping the country maintain a stable currency. In the 1960s and 1970s, the country's economy grew at averages of around 10% annually and the savings rate reached more than 30%. This helped boost Taiwan into the league of what became known as the "Asian tiger" economies. Until 1978, Taiwan used a fixed-rate exchange system, pegging its currency to the U.S. dollar, but in that year switched over to a floating exchange rate system. Despite this policy change, the Taiwan central bank is thought to resort to currency market intervention on occasion to stabilise domestic prices and the exchange rate, and to promote exports and economic growth. For this reason, the bank's policy is frequently classified by analysts as a managed floating exchange rate system.[2] Monetary Policy Taiwan's monetary policy is carried out by the Central Bank of Taiwan's 15-member board of directors at quarterly monetary policy meetings. The Taiwanese central bank customarily uses a monetary targeting system to seek to achieve economic growth and inflation goals. Under this system, the bank sets a target range for the country's M2 aggregate money supply in order to determine an appropriate discount rate. In practice, the bank uses several operational instruments to fine-tune the daily figures of reserve money and the interbank overnight loan rate. These include required bank reserve deposits, discounts, open market operations, re-deposits from financial institutions and selective credit management.[3] Economy Of Taiwan Taiwan is the 21st-largest economy in the world, according to GDP.[4] The country is known to have a dynamic capitalist economy with reduced government guidance of investment and foreign trade. The country's main industries include electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, chemicals and textiles, among others. Its top exports include semiconductors, petrochemicals, automobile/auto parts and ships, among others.[4] As part of its efforts to promote foreign trade, Taiwan has been a strong participant in bilateral and multilateral foreign trade agreements. Among these include accords with Singapore, New Zealand, Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and mainland China under the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed in June 2010. With opening of greater trade with mainland China, the country has become Taiwan's top destination of exports and second-largest source of imports after Japan. Taiwan's foreign reserves have risen to the world's fifth-largest (behind China, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland) as a result of strong foreign trade and the successive accumulation of trade surpluses.[4] Foreign exchange and financial trading in Taiwan are regulated by the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank of China (Taiwan), the Securities and Futures Bureau and the Financial Supervisory Commission. The current foreign exchange regulations are determined by the latest version of its Foreign Exchange Controls Act, which was last updated in 2009.[5] Major Taiwan Dollar Currency Pairs The Taiwan dollar is commonly traded in pairs with major world and Asian currencies, including USD, CAD, AUD, EUR, GBP, JPY, CNY, INR, ZAR and NZD. Taiwan Dollar Bills And Coins Since its introduction, the Taiwan dollar has been issued as coins, paper money and plastic polymer money. Taiwan's currency is printed under authority of the Central Bank of China (Taiwan) and coins are manufactured at the Central Engraving and Printing Plant and the Central Mint, which are subordinated to the central bank. Some local nicknames for the currency are kuài, máo and taibi. Coins in current use include NT$0.5, NT$1, NT$5, NT$10, NT$20 and NT$50 Taiwan dollars.[6] The Taiwan Dollar Around The World The Taiwan dollar is widely accepted regionally and internationally because of the traditionally liberal economic positions of the nation's government. The direct use of the currency, however, is mostly restricted to Taiwan and trade across the Strait of Taiwan. As part of its expanded trade with mainland China, Taiwan signed a currency clearing agreement with China in 2012 that allows the two countries to hold direct currency trade and avoid the use of U.S. dollars, which increased currency conversion costs.[7] Where Is The Taiwan Dollar Today? Taiwan's traditionally more flexible exchange rate policy has allowed its currency to weather international turbulence better than some of its counterparts in the region. This was particularly evident during the Asian currency crisis of the 1990s, when the Taiwan dollar emerged relatively unscathed despite a succession of depreciations seen in the currencies of some of Taiwan's key Asian trade partners. Despite its reputation as a strong and stable economy, Taiwan's increased dependence on trade with mainland China, a declining local birthrate and an aging population have raised concerns from some analysts about whether the country will remain a top player in regional affairs and the economy of Southeast Asia. In February 2016, the Taiwanese currency underwent some depreciation amid the impact of a weakened market for its exports and policy adjustments by the government of China to slow global demand and growth.[8]
How The Humble Robotic Arm Took Over The World A short history of the robot that started it all. by Ben Craw 27 December 2018, 10:30am Today there are about 2 million industrial robots being used around the world, and that number is growing exponentially. Robots are doing everything from welding cars and making Adidas sneakers to farming lettuce and exploring Mars. Global sales have doubled over the past five years, according to the International Federation of Robotics. But how did we arrive at this robot-dominated world of tomorrow? It all started with a simple robotic arm. For its origin story, we look back to the nuclear industry (like Godzilla got his start). We also explore whether robots create or destroy jobs (spoiler alert: it’s both, depending on which study you read) and the imagine the future of humans and robots working side by side. VICE News spoke with Howie Choset, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute, and Byron Clayton, the CEO of the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute, about the history of the robotic arm. This article originally appeared on VICE US. robotic arm future of work
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Brave New World is a dystopian novel written in 1931 by English author Aldous Huxley and published in 1932. Largely set in a futuristic World State of genetically modified citizens and an intelligence-based social hierarchy, the novel anticipates huge scientific developments in reproductive technology, sleep-learning, psychological manipulation, and classical conditioning that are combined to make a utopian society that goes challenged only by a single outsider.
H7N9 Virus and Humans Over the next few weeks you are more than likely going to be hearing a lot more about H7N9, the virus that is now recognized to be associated with the death of several individuals in China. What is interesting about H7N9, a form of bird flu is that, until now, it has previously not infected humans, and has been limited to avian populations. However, H7N9 is a similar virus to H5N1, which is commonly called “bird flu” and is responsible for over 300 human deaths. A (H5N1) virion, a type of bird flu virus which is a subtype of avian influenza A H5N1 virus (By Cynthia Goldsmith/ Jackie Katz [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons) This represents the first reported cases of H7N9 jumping into humans. Not many details are yet available on this virus, or how the virus has made the jump to humans. Health officials are watching this one closely, since any new form of influenza has the potential to cause problems in humans. It is not known at this time what the source is of the H7N9 virus, or whether the virus has the ability to be transmitted between humans. Since the topic does represent a great chance to get current events into your discussion of viruses, or as an in-class topic for a “flipped” class, we have compiled a list of a few quick resources on influenza viruses and H7N9: To better explain how influenza viruses, such as H5N1 and H7N9, are named Videos to explain the viral life cycle Media resources on H7N9: • What do you think?? %d bloggers like this:
Britannia has been used in several different senses. The name is a Latinisation of the native Brittonic word for the island, Pretanī, which also produced the Greek form Prettanike or Brettaniai, which originally, in the fourth to the first centuries BC, designated a collection of islands with individual names, including Albion or Britain. By the 1st century BC, Britannia came to be used for Great Britain specifically. After the Roman conquest in 43 AD, Britannia meant Roman Britain, a province covering the island south of Caledonia (roughly Scotland). When Roman Britain was divided into four provinces in 197 AD, two were called Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior. Britannia is the name given to the female personification of the island, and it is a term still used to refer to the whole island. In the 2nd century, Roman Britannia came to be personified as a goddess, armed with a trident and shield and wearing a Corinthian helmet. The name Britannia long survived the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th century and yielded the name for the island in most European and various other languages, including the English Britain and the modern Welsh Prydain. After centuries of declining use, the Latin form was revived during the English Renaissance as a rhetorical evocation of a British national identity. Especially following the Acts of Union in 1707, which joined the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, the personification of the martial Britannia was used as an emblem of British maritime power and unity, most notably in "Rule, Britannia!". A British cultural icon, she was featured on all modern British coinage series until the redesign in 2008, and still appears annually on the gold and silver "Britannia" bullion coin series. In 2015 a new definitive £2 coin was issued, with a new image of Britannia. She is also depicted in the Brit Awards statuette, the British Phonographic Industry's annual music awards. Greek and Roman periods Although emperor Claudius is commonly attributed with the creation and unification of the province of Britannia in 43 AD, Julius Caesar had already established Roman authority over the Southern and Eastern Britain dynasties during his two expeditions to the island in 55 and 54 BC.[4] Just as Caeser himself had been an obside in Bithynia as a youth, he also had taken the King's sons as obsides[5] or hostages, back to Rome, partially to be educated. The Roman conquest of the island began in AD 43, leading to the establishment of the Roman province known in Latin as Britannia. The Romans never successfully conquered the whole island, building Hadrian's Wall as a boundary with Caledonia, which covered roughly the territory of modern Scotland, although the whole of the boundary marked by Hadrian's Wall lies within modern-day Northern England. A southern part of what is now Scotland was occupied by the Romans for about 20 years in the mid-2nd century AD, keeping in place the Picts to the north of the Antonine Wall. People living in the Roman province of Britannia were called Britanni, or Britons. Ireland, inhabited by the Scoti, was never invaded and was called Hibernia. Thule, an island "six days' sail north of Britain, and [...] near the frozen sea", possibly Iceland, was also never invaded by the Romans.[citation needed] The Emperor Claudius paid a visit while Britain was being conquered and was honoured with the agnomen Britannicus as if he were the conqueror; a frieze discovered at Aphrodisias in 1980 shows a bare breasted and helmeted female warrior labelled BRITANNIA, writhing in agony under the heel of the emperor.[6] She appeared on coins issued under Hadrian, as a more regal-looking female figure.[7] Britannia was soon personified as a goddess, looking fairly similar to the goddess Minerva.[according to whom?] Early portraits of the goddess depict Britannia as a beautiful young woman, wearing the helmet of a centurion, and wrapped in a white garment with her right breast exposed. She is usually shown seated on a rock, holding a spear, and with a spiked shield propped beside her. Sometimes she holds a standard and leans on the shield. On another range of coinage, she is seated on a globe above waves: Britain at the edge of the (known) world. Similar coin types were also issued under Antoninus Pius. British revival Medieval use After the Roman withdrawal, the term "Britannia" remained in use in Britain and abroad. Latin was ubiquitous amongst native Brythonic writers and the term continued in the Welsh tradition that developed from it. Writing with variations on the term Britannia (or Prydein in the native language) appeared in many Welsh works such as the Historia Britonum, Armes Prydein and the 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae, which gained unprecedented popularity throughout western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Following the migration of Brythonic Celts, The term Britannia also came to refer to the Armorican peninsula (at least from the 6th century).[8]) The modern English, French, Breton and Gallo names for the area, all derive from a literal use of Britannia meaning "land of the Britons". The two "Britannias" gave rise to the term Grande Bretagne (Great Britain) to distinguish the island of Britain from the continental peninsula. Following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, the term '"Briton" only referred to the native British, Celtic-speaking inhabitants of the province; this remained the case until the modern era. The use of the term as an inhabitant of the island of Great Britain or the UK is relatively recent.[9] Renaissance and British Empire It was during the reign of Elizabeth I that "Britannia" came to be viewed as a personification of Britain. In his 1576 General and rare memorials pertayning to the Perfect Arte of Navigation, John Dee used a frontispiece figure of Britannia kneeling by the shore beseeching Elizabeth I, to protect her empire by strengthening her navy.[10] Britain's first road atlas was updated in a series of editions titled from the early 18th into the early 19th centiry using the title Britannia Depicta. Britannia Triumphant, poster celebrating the Battle of Trafalgar. New Zealanders adopted a similar personification of their country in Zealandia, Britannia's daughter, who appeared on postage stamps at the turn of the 20th century[12] and still features in the New Zealand Coat of Arms.[13] Modern associations During the 1990s the term Cool Britannia (drawn from a humorous version by the Bonzo Dog Band of the song "Rule Britannia", with words by James Thomson [1700–1748], which is often used as an unofficial national anthem), was used to describe the contemporary United Kingdom.[14] The phrase referred to the fashionable scenes of the era, with a new generation of pop groups and style magazines, successful young fashion designers, and a surge of new restaurants and hotels. Cool Britannia represented late-1990s Britain as a fashionable place to be.[15] Depiction on British currency and postage stamps Britannia depicted on a halfpenny of 1936 In the spring of 2008, the Royal Mint unveiled new coin designs "reflecting a more modern twenty-first century Britain"[18] which do not feature the image of Britannia. This decision courted some controversy, with tabloid press campaigns, in particular that of the Daily Mail, launched to "save Britannia". The government has pointed out, however, that earlier-design 50p coins will remain in circulation for the foreseeable future.[19] Also Britannia still appeared on the gold and silver "Britannia" bullion coins issued annually by the Royal Mint. A new definitive £2 coin was issued in 2015, with a new image of Britannia. In late 2015, a limited edition (100000 run) £50 coin was produced, bearing the image of Britannia on one side and Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse.[20] A 1952 Bank of England five pound note or "white fiver" showing Britannia in the top left corner. The 25 cents fractional paper currency of the Dominion of Canada (1870, 1900 and 1923 respectively) all depict Britannia. The notes are no longer produced and usually not used as currency anymore, although they are still legal tender. Postage stamps A 1922 King George V Seahorses postage stamp, featuring Britannia with an Irish Free State overprint. Britannia watermark in paper Brit Awards Britannia is depicted in the Brit Award statuette, the British Phonographic Industry's annual music awards.[23][24] The statuette of Britannia is regularly redesigned by some of the best known British designers, stylists and artists, including Vivienne Westwood, Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin, Sir Peter Blake and the late Zaha Hadid.[23][24] Britannia Airways featured the name and image of Britannia. See also 1. ^ a b Snyder, p. 12. 2. ^ Allen, p. 174. 3. ^ Davies, p. 47. 4. ^ Creighton, John (2006-01-31). Britannia: The Creation of a Roman Province. Routledge. p. 3. ISBN 9781134318407. 5. ^ obsides is Latin, meaning hostage 9. ^ "Britishness". Oxford English Dictionary Online. September 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2010. 11. ^ Proclamation styling James I King of Great Britain on 20 October 1604 12. ^ 1901 Penny Universal, Stamps NZ. Retrieved 25 January 2010. 15. ^ "Cool Britannia". BBC News. Retrieved 9 November 2016 17. ^ Morris, Steven (28 January 2008). "Brown blamed as Britannia gets the boot". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 January 2008. 20. ^ "Britannia 2015 UK £50 Fine Silver Coin". Royal Mint. 21. ^ "£5 note, Bank of England". British Museum. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013. 23. ^ a b "Dame Zaha Hadid's Brit Awards statuette design unveiled". BBC. 1 December 2016. 24. ^ a b "Damien Hirst's 2013 Brit Award statue unveiled". BBC. 1 December 2016. 25. ^ Wrecksite: SS Britannia (+1941) • J. Thomson, Britannia: a poem (1729) External links Media related to Britannia at Wikimedia Commons
Cat Facts A stray cat is a pet cat that is lost or abandoned. Stray cats are accustomed to contact with people and are tame. A feral cat is a wild animal, not to be confused with stray and free-roaming cats that are, or once were, someone’s pet. A feral cat is the "wild" offspring of domestic cats or other feral cats. Feral cats are afraid of humans. They do their very best to stay away from people. A feral cat cannot be safely held or picked up, and they must be trapped to be safely transported. Sometimes, after a relationship is long established, caregivers may be able to touch a feral cat, but not actually pick it up. Signs of Feral Cats What are the problems associated with feral cats? A colony of unneutered/unspayed feral cats can produce a number of problems, including: • A growing population of cats • Frequent and loud noise from fighting and mating behavior • Strong foul odors from unneutered male cats spraying to mark their territory • Flea infestations • Transmission of feline diseases/illnesses to domestic cats • Suffering by dying kittens and injured adults Trapping Feral Cats To get rid of feral cats around the home, Kness Pest Defense offers our Kage-All® Small Animal Trap. Place Traps in their Territory Use a smelly bait such as tuna or mackerel. Position the trap around the feeding area, along pathways normally traveled by cats and in other nearby areas where cats are known to gather. Don't leave a trap sitting out in the open, but place it against something, such as a wall, fence or curb. Make sure the trap is resting on level ground and no objects will block the trap door from closing. Once a trap is in place, make a short trail leading to the trap door by crumbling a cat treat or dripping the juice from canned fish. When Caught Most cats will panic and try frantically to get out of the trap. Quickly cover the trap completely with a sheet, which should help calm the cat. Never release a cat because you're afraid it will injure itself. After a cat is caught, remove the trap (with the cat inside) to a safe location. Available from Kness View Kage-All® Small Animal Traps
Printed from the Merit Badge Center, Philippines - Pet Care 1. Present evidence that you have cared for a pet for four months. Get the approval of your Troop Leader/Outfit Advisor before you start. 2. Prepare and explain a plan for the management of a farm animal. Show what must be done to prevent illness, blemishes, and defects. 3. Tell the symptoms of, and explain how to care for two of the following: 1. Dogs - distemper and rabies 2. Carabaos - exhaustion from heat, and anthrax 3. Hogs - cholera, poisoning, ticks, and foot and mouth diseases 4. Cows - milk fever and prussic acid poisoning 5. Horses - Lameness and exhaustion from heat 6. Sheep and Goats - foot and mouth diseases, and anthrax 4. Show how to treat the following: 1. A broken bone 2. A sprain 3. Serious bleeding 4. An open sore 5. Do any one of the following: 1. Help take care of a sick or hurt animal for at least four days. 2. Work with local groups to help animals. 3. Work with local groups in preventing an infectious disease to which farm animals are subject. Animal First Aid - NetVet Veterinary Resources - Veterinary Inforamtion Network - Yahoo! Pets - Worksheet -
Touchstone Essay Touchstone is a clown, or fool, in Duke Frederick’s household. He may not be a vigorous male character, but he is a man nonetheless, and Celia and Rosalind decide to take him along as an extra measure of security on their journey to the Forest of Arden. When he arrives in the forest he finds that his familiarity with the language and customs of the court impress the simple shepherds and goatherds, so he uses this advantage to further his lustful designs on Audrey and marry her in what is typically described as a travesty of romantic love and marriage. The Elizabethan term “clown” could be applied to any simple yokel. The term ”fool” referred to a court jester often wearing motley, a kind of multi-colored and outlandish attire. Elizabethan fools were very often “naturals,” simple unassuming idiots who amused the courtiers with their naivete or misunderstanding. In Shakespeare’s plays, fools arguably function as either the conscience of some basically noble but misled character (for example, in King Lear) or as a device to deflate and expose the pomposity of characters who overstep their proper positions (for example, in Twelfth Night). We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page! order now Additionally, Shakespeare’s fools amuse with their convoluted logic and witty plays on words. In As You Like It, Touchstone, although he delights with his wit, serves a somewhat different purpose. A “touchstone” was a stone that was used to determine if metals were precious. Rubbed against a touchstone, gold and silver would leave a distinguishable mark. ”Touchstone” has come to signify anything that tests and reveals virtue or worth. This is the purpose Touchstone serves in the play. When he is in the company of other characters, he brings out their true virtue. For example, when he debates Corin, the audience sees the true value of Corin’s simple philosophy in contrast to Touchstone’s argument for argument’s sake, and Corin’s pastoral life seems to have real substance—it is not a life based solely on witticisms and conventional language. In another example, Touchstone discusses with Jaques the “lie circumstantial,” one step in an elaborate form of argumentation that replaces genuine passion with social convention. The fact that Jaques participates in this discussion at all reveals that he values that social convention beyond the simple life he is trying to imitate. Jaques, who is greatly amused by Touchstone, reports that the clown has produced a timepiece from his pocket during their encounter in the forest. Touchstone has brought the “dial” with him from Duke Frederick’s court where the timepiece was perhaps essential. In the timelessness of the Forest of Arden, the appearance of the watch draws attention to the conflicting values the two different realms place on the experience of time, and the timepiece is as out of place in the forest as Touchstone himself.
Title: Heat, Hydration and the Human Brain, Heart and Skeletal Muscles Authors: Trangmar, SJ González-Alonso, J Issue Date: 22-Dec-2018 Publisher: Springer Citation: Sports Medicine, 2019, 49 pp. 69 - 85 Abstract: People undertaking prolonged vigorous exercise experience substantial bodily fluid losses due to thermoregulatory sweating. If these fluid losses are not replaced, endurance capacity may be impaired in association with a myriad of alterations in physiological function, including hyperthermia, hyperventilation, cardiovascular strain with reductions in brain, skeletal muscle and skin blood perfusion, greater reliance on muscle glycogen and cellular metabolism, alterations in neural activity and, in some conditions, compromised muscle metabolism and aerobic capacity. The physiological strain accompanying progressive exercise-induced dehydration to a level of ~ 4% of body mass loss can be attenuated or even prevented by: (1) ingesting fluids during exercise, (2) exercising in cold environments, and/or (3) working at intensities that require a small fraction of the overall body functional capacity. The impact of dehydration upon physiological function therefore depends on the functional demand evoked by exercise and environmental stress, as cardiac output, limb blood perfusion and muscle metabolism are stable or increase during small muscle mass exercise or resting conditions, but are impaired during whole-body moderate to intense exercise. Progressive dehydration is also associated with an accelerated drop in perfusion and oxygen supply to the human brain during submaximal and maximal endurance exercise. Yet their consequences on aerobic metabolism are greater in the exercising muscles because of the much smaller functional oxygen extraction reserve. This review describes how dehydration differentially impacts physiological function during exercise requiring low compared to high functional demand, with an emphasis on the responses of the human brain, heart and skeletal muscles. URI: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17743 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1033-y ISSN: 0112-1642 Appears in Collections:Dept of Life Sciences Research Papers Files in This Item: File Description SizeFormat FullText.pdf2.64 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
Answers to: How can I display a map with multiple markers?<p>How can I create a multiple markers on openstreetmap? and how can I interact with them with ajax?</p>enThu, 26 Apr 2018 10:21:24 +0100Answer by pointing44<p><a href="">logistics app debugging tool</a> - This tool allows you visualize/plot multiple points (lat, long)/(latitude, longitude) on the map. It also allows you to specify a shape (circle/square/marker), a color and a comment for each of the points. Only lat, long for each line is mandatory. Providing color, shape and comment is optional.</p>pointing44Thu, 26 Apr 2018 10:21:24 +0100 by Jarek<p>You can display a map with multiple markers on <a href="">link text</a> by simply copying and pasting spreadsheet data.</p> <p>The alternatives are geobatch and fusion tables.</p>JarekTue, 14 Aug 2012 23:52:59 +0100 by SomeoneElse<p>Leaving aside the "ajax" bit, you may find that <a href=""></a><a href=""></a><a href=""></a> (or other country site) does what you want - it uses OSM data, has a slightly different rendering to OSM's mapnik, but does have a rudimentary "stick a marker here" logic.</p>SomeoneElseThu, 24 Feb 2011 14:44:35 +0000 by Harry Wood<p>You can't add multiple markers on the homepage. For point & click solutions you might like <a href="">uMap</a>,<a href="">geocommmons</a>, <a href="">StaticMap</a>, and others, but for more power and flexibility it's worth learning a few javascript tricks:</p> <p>Check out: <a href="">this multiple markers example</a> </p> <ul> <li>It uses the open source JavaScript library called OpenLayers (<a href="">There's an equivalent example for leafletJS</a>)</li> <li>The map is initialised with a basemap layer from the default OpenStreetMap tile server (other tileservers and alternative renderings of OpenStreetMap data are available)</li> <li>It adds a 'Vector' layer, where the markers are defined.</li> <li>It needs a <a href="">marker image</a> file placed in a 'img' folder alongside</li> <li>It adds three markers. If you were adding more, you might want to do this by defining an array first, and then looping through this as in <a href="">this example</a></li> <li>As an exampe of event handling, it detects the event of selecting the marker, and calls 'createPopup'</li> </ul>Harry WoodWed, 15 Dec 2010 14:39:20 +0000 by emacsen<p>The short answer is that we don't provide a mechanism to do that directly on the web site, but that doing so isn't hard at all if you have a little web development experience (which it seems you do). All you need to do is use OpenLayers and use OSM as your background layer.</p> <p>Here's a URL of a talk I prepared for State of the Map US 2010 (but never got to present), which will take you through the basics of web development using OSM:</p> <p><a href=""></a><a href=""></a><a href=""></a></p> <p>If you go through that presentation, you should hopefully have a good foundation on how to use OSM on your site.</p>emacsenWed, 15 Dec 2010 11:49:52 +0000 by Gnonthgol<p>This is not yet possible for the slippy map on the front page. But you can check out <a href="">OpenLayers</a> which is an open source javascript slippy map that you can deploy on your own site.</p>GnonthgolSun, 12 Dec 2010 12:05:59 +0000
No Picture Negative Influence of Gadget on Child Health In modern times like today, children are familiar and even proficient in using gadgets. In this case of course the important role of parents is needed to be wise in providing these communication tools. If used wisely then the gadget will be useful as a learning media for children. But if its use is not controlled then the influence of gadgets is very dangerous for health and growth of the baby. In dealing with the development of the times and technology at this time, every parent should know the right time to provide gadgets to children. In addition, parents should also provide restrictions on children in using gadgets so as not to become dependent that will have a negative impact on growth. Here Influence Gadgets For Children’s Health You Need To Know Danger of radiation The effect of gadgets for the first child is the danger of radiation exposure. According to a research, radiation exposure from gadgets is very harmful to the health and development of children. Radiation gadgets are very risky cause disruption to the development of the child’s brain and immune system. Causes addiction The effect of gadgets on the next child is causing addiction and dependence. This will certainly have a negative impact on the physical and motor development of children. When the cool to play gadgets usually forget to eat so that the intake of nutrients to support their growth is disrupt. In addition, addicted gadgets will also affect the child’s personality so it is more likely to have a closed nature and not socialize. Barriers to development Children who are dependent on gadgets tend to experience obstacles in their developmental process. This is because children who are busy playing gadgets rarely move so that inhibits the growth process. Mental illness The use of uncontrolled and continuous gadgets can be one of the triggers of mental illness such as depression, bipolar disorder and autism. In addition to inhibiting growth, children who are too engrossed in playing gadgets are at risk of overweight or obesity. This is because children tend to curve motion resulting in accumulation of body fat that accelerate excessive weight gain. Sleep disturbance You should not give gadgets to your child at night. This is because it can lead to sleep disorders that affect the growth of flowers. Gaming games in the gadget usually makes children more cool so that the sleep time is disrupted. In this case your important role as a parent is needed to control the use of gadgets. Impression effect Sometimes without you knowing the kids are opening an online site that shows impressions they are not suppose to see. Therefore, you as a parent should be wise and should not provide internet connection when your child uses gadgets. To prevent the negative impact of gadgets on child development, you should apply definite rules. One of them is to limit the use of gadgets a maximum of 2 hours each day. In addition, give supervision to the child when using the gadget so that the child will be more controlled and not abuse the object.… No Picture What is the Function of Sweat for the Body’s Health? Do you know what the benefits of sweat for the health of the body? During this time we often sweat either intentional or not like when in congestion on the street, was presenting at the office or was having lunch with warm rice and side spicy dish. Sweat that poured at most just simply wiped with a handkerchief or tissue. We never find out why sweat comes out and what it does for the body. Below are the benefits of perspiration for the health of the body: 1. Sweat keeps the body temperature cool Sweat works to regulate body temperature, which cools your body temperature up when exercising. Sweating is very important for the body’s natural cooling process. 2. Sweat can clean toxins from the body Sweat helps your body naturally get rid of toxins. “Studies have shown that sweat contains many types of compounds, including small quantities of potentially toxic metals, such as cadmium, aluminum, and manganese. This is the main reason why sweating is considered a detoxicant (neutralizing toxic substances), “Rogers said. 2 million to 5 million sweat glands in human skin can play an important role in removing many of the toxic substances present in the body. 3. Sweat can beautify the skin Sweat are contains some small antibiotics that can fight bacteria that can be found on your skin. Sweating also clear the pores that make the skin look brighter and smoother. A lot of sweating also slow down signs of premature aging and reduce the effects of skin damage. 4. Sweat facilitates blood circulation Sweating can also help improve the health of the heart and blood vessels. When the body heats up and sweats, the heart works harder to improve blood circulation. This mechanism is beneficial for long-term health. 5. Sweat can fight infection Doctors say that sweating can deflect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, better known as MRSA, an evil bacteria responsible for some infections that are difficult to treat. “Sweat has been shown to play an important role in the fight against harmful bacteria and fungi on the skin,” said Adam Friedman, M.D., FAAD, a physician at the Dermatology Center. That’s because sweat contains nitrites, where once it reaches the skin surface it will convert to nitric oxide, a powerful gas with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal spectrum properties. “Sweat also contains antibiotics or a natural antimicrobial peptide called Dermicidin, which can kill MRSA and other bad bacteria on the skin surface,” Friedman said. 6. Reduce stress Sweat does not directly reduce stress or improve mood. However, increasing body heat by exercising or sauna has a positive effect. Endorphins and other chemicals released during exercise naturally improve mood and reduce stress. 7. Sweat can prevent asthma If you sweat a lot after exercising, then allow you to minimize the occurrence of asthma. Research from the University of Michigan says that sweating can help reduce the risk of asthma. And the more you sweat when exercising, the better, because the more you sweat, the lower your risk of experiencing asthma. 8. Burn calories Sweating can also help you lose weight. When the body is heated while exercising, the fat in the body dissolves in water and exits the body through sweat. Sweating can burn 300 calories per hour. 9. Sweat helps fight disease Ever wonder why you sweat when you are feverish? Sweating is the body’s way of telling the immune system to fight disease. Not only does it help maintain weight, sweat is also beneficial when you’re having a fever. “Increased metabolic activity stimulates the immune system. So when you have a fever, sweating is your body’s way of trying to heal itself, “said Christian Nix, MA, L.Ac, a Chinese medicine physician and licensed acupuncturist.… No Picture Healthcare Articles An Introduction To Vegetarianism And Veganism No Picture A Health Meals Retailer R.H. Macy failed 7 instances and his first parade wan’t even on Thanksgiving. Thanks Hawkesdream, for stoping by. I’m waiting to your e-mail. I have been interested by how they new program works and this was very helpful in answering my questions. Love the hub rock sweet is used to assist singers in hitting excessive notes. Avocados have a inexperienced skin and the fruit matures on the tree however ripens once plucked. I’ve began taking the Potassium Chloride and have change my food regimen to incorporate lots of fruits and veg wholw and in juice. Thank you for all the votes, the great input and glad you stopped by. The beneficial bacteria that’s especially good for yeast is lactobacillus acidophilus found in true pure yogurt. But this I do know that Kaiser did tons of research on the healthiest patients and so they really began pushing a plant based food regimen, nothing extra motivating for these guys then to extend income and reduce losses. Weight Watchers has a good reputation for offering smart and healthy weight reduction plans. Additionally, pure honey taken with food each day relieves complaints of ldl cholesterol. Better of all, these products are high in quality but reasonably priced in value and available with free transport directly to you. And take a really good take a look at the meals which are supposedly wealthy in Potassium.… No Picture Price Listing ~ TASLY PRODUCTS No Picture No Picture General Articles Buy Pot Seeds on Sale for your business! Why should you buy pot seeds on sale? No Picture Health Facts Well being Advantages Of Himalayan Salt And Benefits Of Sole Discover out more about our Go Vita Products, Provides and Coupons which you could make the most of. To make a tea from them, purchase a bag of organically grown berries at a natural food store and steep them in sizzling water. As a substitute of consuming seawater (which may be too impure or salty), most proponents of doing a salt water flush simply drink a big glass of reasonably-salty water once they stand up within the morning. We feature a full line of brand identify pure dietary supplements with thousands of merchandise in-store. Most health meals shops also sell nutritional dietary supplements, like vitamins, natural supplements and homeopathic cures. FeelGood Natural Well being Food Stores – Helping You FeelGood About Your Well being! I can eat gur any time wherever, i will call your hub ‘the jaggery hub’… The one similarity with the old Factors program is your weekly allowance. She continued to compete all the way in which up to the 2010 IFBB Arnold Traditional, Ms. Worldwide, Fitness International & Determine International, the place she got here in 10th. Pinus Sylvestrum and Thuja are homeopathic cures that are fairly often used in therapeutic totally different bone and joint issues (f.E. rheumatic ones or deformities) and especially are connected with healing the ache in toes, fingers, ancles and knees, as nicely in another joints. Only plant consuming animals get it. So it says that one of the simplest ways to keep away from clogged arteries is to not eat any animal meals. Mouthwash manufacturers might use components of an unknown quality in a bid to be competitively priced. Megan Elizabeth together with her before (a hundred and seventy lbs) and after pictures (one hundred fifteen lbs) of switching to an all uncooked vegan diet (lost 55 lbs).… No Picture General Articles Three Ways to Make Exercise Meaningful Exercise is enormously beneficial to your physical and mental health, but it can be challenging to get into a consistent exercise routine. Use these suggestions to bring extra meaning and fulfillment to exercise. Run, Bike, or Swim for Charity There are many ways to make contributing to a worthy cause, such as a childhood leukemia charity, part of your exercise routine. Go online, read newspapers and magazines, or ask friends about races that involve supporting a charity. Some of these races may involve asking people you know to contribute a certain amount per mile you complete, while others may involve a set donation. Exercise With Friends Maintaining social connections and friendships is as important to your health as eating well and exercising. In fact, studies have shown that adults with a strong social network may even live longer than those without as many close friends. By exercising regularly with friends, you can improve your physical and mental health in multiple ways at the same time. Consider setting up a weekly gym date with a friend you’d like to see more often, or go for a walk or jog with a friend on a nice day. Create Value Statements Everyone knows that exercise is good for them, but for most people, that basic knowledge is not enough to get them off the couch. Rather than simply telling yourself that you need to exercise to stay healthy, think about a deeper meaning. Why is maintaining a healthy body and mind important to you? Maybe it is because you want to be present for your children or partner as long as possible, or because you want to have the ability to play with your grandchildren. If you have a physically or mentally demanding job, exercise could be your way of making sure you can continue in your chosen profession. Exercise can be a way for you to contribute to charity, strengthen your social bonds, and fulfill personal goals. Framing exercise in these ways is an excellent way for you to increase the chances of sticking to a routine.…
Seasons in the Hemispheres Hemispheres (4).JPG This very simply lesson from Raddish Kids was informative, though it lacked the “wow” factor of other lessons from the company. Still, Travis was intrigued and stuck with it from start to finish. First, I asked him to name the four seasons. Chart your child’s answers, and then make a list of different aspects of the seasons. Travis came up with things like: cold versus hot; snow versus sun; and different colors, like white versus green. Now time for a little lesson; the world is divided into northern and southern hemispheres, separated by an imaginary line called the Equator. When it it is summer in the north, it is winter in the south, and vice versa. Hemispheres (1) To illustrate this point in a tangible way, draw a line around an orange. We labeled the top N and the bottom S. I had him point out where we lived, and we drew a simple outline for North America. An outline of Argentina, where our recipes came from, went into the south. Hemispheres (2) Spear the orange with a chopstick from “north pole to south pole” to show Earth’s axis. Now hold up a soccer ball as your sun. As you rotate the “Earth” around at a slight tilt (fun fact, Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees), your child will start to see why sometimes it is summer and sometimes winter. Hemispheres (3) We watched two suggested videos for a slightly more in depth explanation. Hemispheres (5) Now it was time for Travis to plan his winter birthday party! As a summer baby, I had him imagine what it would be like to live in a southern continent. He decided it would be an ice party, where everyone drank hot cocoa and came in snow boots. Hemispheres (7) If you really wanted to go all out for this lesson plan, you could recreate a mini birthday celebration of opposite seasons for your kids! At the very least, celebrate with some dulce de leche cookies. Finally, we checked out the difference in temperature in the hemispheres today. Because it is fall/spring, the difference wasn’t thrillingly obvious. Older kids may want to pick a city in the opposite hemisphere and chart the differences in temp over a whole week. Hemispheres (8) Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
What is Forest Bathing? And tips on how to DIY Forest Bathing or Shinrin-Yoku is essentially a mindfulness practice where you take in the forest atmosphere during a leisurely walk, providing a bridge back to the natural world. Forest Bathing is a therapy that was developed in Japan during the 1980s to promote wellbeing and healing as a preventive form of health care. Different to simply going for a hike in nature, Forest Bathing encourages you to connect with nature as you walk. Drawing upon mindfulness meditation practices, forest bathing enables you to connect with nature on a deeper level. The practice recommends focusing on your senses and surroundings, whether you’re breathing in the beauty of the scenery, touching plants or listening to the sounds around you. Researchers, primarily in Japan and South Korea, have conducted studies on the health benefits of spending time amongst the trees. They found that two hours of mindful exploration in a forest could reduce blood pressure, lower cortisol (stress hormone) levels and improve concentration and memory. Research commissioned by the Japanese government also found that trees releases chemicals called phytoncides, which have an anti-microbial effect on human bodies, boosting the immune system. As a result of this research, the Japanese government introduced ‘shinrin-yoku’ as a national health programme. There are now 44 accredited Shinrin-Yoku forests in Japan. And over recent years, Forest Bathing has gained in popularity outside of the Japan. While there are now many organised trips into the forest with Forest Bathing therapists, you can essentially do-it-yourself in any forest or wooded area even. Top tips for Forest Bathing: 6. Stay as long as you feel comfortable. 1-2 hours is recommended to get the benefits from Forest Bathing, but do not force it – do what you feel comfortable with. Remember it’s not about getting in as much mileage as you can walking through the park, so even if you find a spot and you spend most of your time there observing, that’s great. 2 thoughts on “What is Forest Bathing? And tips on how to DIY Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Overexploitation has led to the drastic decline of most Asian freshwater turtle populations. We examined the distribution and current status of freshwater turtles using interviews and field surveys in Yinggeling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island. We captured 18 individuals of 4 species in over 8000 trap days. Based on our findings, interviews, and previous studies, illegal turtle harvesting is probably the major cause of population declines; we identified 2 key conservation areas within the reserve for regular patrols to reduce illegal activities. You do not currently have access to this content.
Novel immunotherapy saves a dog from rare cancer Novel immunotherapy saves a dog from rare cancer Credit: University of Queensland UQ's Dr. Rachel Allavena and her Ph.D. student, veterinarian Dr. Annika Oksa, enrolled Griffin in a medical trial that had helped around 30 percent of dogs suffering from cancer. "This is a revolutionary step forward in ," Dr. Allavena said. "T cell lymphoma is usually a for dogs, so Griffin is incredibly lucky to be alive. "Our immunotherapy treatment works by 'waking up' the dog's immune system, helping the animal's own body destroy the cancer. "It's very different to the way we've treated cancer in the past, where we've used surgery, or chemotherapy or radiation, both of which are quite toxic to normal cells. "Chemotherapy was off the table for Griffin, as it would have made his waste poisonous, which would be dangerous since Griffin's owner, Adam, had a young daughter who played in the backyard." Once a dog is diagnosed with the cancer, the researchers remove a small piece of the tumor and mix it with an adjuvant—a chemical—to bolster the dog's immune response. "This gets injected with the vaccine over a number of weeks or months; a process that's very straightforward, much like the regular needles a dog would receive as a puppy," Dr. Oksa said. "We then check the dogs very carefully when they visit to see how the is responding to the treatment and make sure they're doing well." "We've treated more than 170 dogs, with no bad side effects in any of them," Dr. Oksa said. "It's also safe to do it in combination with other treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy and in some cases, like Griffin's, it works well by itself. "We're incredibly excited to expand the number of we can assist, and send them back home happy and healthy." The research's institutional collaborators, The University of Sydney and Flinders University, are hoping to expand the research into for similar cancers in years to come. In the meantime, the treatment has been a gift for Griffin's owner Adam and his family. "It's great that a medical trial like this exists," he said. "Griffin's part of the family, and now my daughter has her best mate back and I've got my best friend back too—it means the world." Explore further New precision medicine procedure fights cancer, advances treatment for pets and humans Citation: Novel immunotherapy saves a dog from rare cancer (2020, January 3) retrieved 28 February 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2020-01-immunotherapy-dog-rare-cancer.html Feedback to editors User comments
Attraction Health & Emotions Behavior, Fertility, & More \| Breaking Down the Menstrual Cycle June 12, 2017 Behavior, Fertility, & More \| Breaking Down the Menstrual Cycle What Do Short Skirts, Flirting, and Horniness have in Common? Ovulation. Women go through more hormonal changes in a month than men do in their lifetimes. The menstrual cycle is a (reasonably) well-oiled machine involving many different hormones doing many different things, all in the name of perpetuating our species. The levels of hormones change on a daily (even hourly) basis, and those changes can have a significant impact on women’s behaviors. That may seem like a “duh” statement. After all, we associate key life changes such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause with behavioral oddities, and pretty much everyone is familiar with the potential terrors of Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS). However, the ordinary menstrual cycle can impact a woman’s behavior in subtle but important ways. Numerous studies have suggested that women’s cyclic changes can influence what they wear, how flirtatious they are, whom they’re attracted to, and even when they cheat. A Menstrual Cycle Primer To understand how these studies work, it’s important to understand menstrual cycle basics. Women’s cycles vary in length, but the typical example is the 28-day cycle. If you number the cycle days, the onset of the period is Day 1. Days 1-14: During the menstrual flow, estrogen and progesterone levels are at their lowest, and so is fertility. However, after several days of bleeding, estrogen begins to rise and the uterine lining begins to thicken to prepare to host a fertilized egg. Estrogen levels peak mid-cycle when ovulation (the release of an egg) occurs. Fertility is at its highest here and all those steps take place with the hope of achieving pregnancy. Days 14-28: Once ovulation has occurred, estrogen begins its decline while progesterone rises in order to nurture any fertilized egg. If the egg isn’t fertilized, both estrogen and progesterone begin to decline and fertility levels decrease. When the levels get low enough, that signals the body to menstruate, which sheds the egg and the uterine lining. Then the cycle begins anew. In other words, a woman’s cycle has both fertile and non-fertile phases and whether or not a woman is in the more fertile phases of her cycle appears to have a significant impact on her behavior. psychnsex - fertility Show Me Some Skin, Baby During the fertile period in a woman’s cycle, not only is the body preparing for the possibility of pregnancy, she may also dress in a way that could increase the odds of that happening. In a study out of UCLA, researchers took two photographs of young women, one during the fertile mid-cycle phase and the other during the low-fertility phase that occurs two weeks later. Both photos were shown to men and women, who were asked to select the picture in which the woman was trying to look more attractive. In 60% of the cases, they chose the woman in her fertile phase. What were the differences in these two photos? In those taken during the fertile phase, the women were more likely to dress in a way that’s attractive to men. For example, they showed more skin in their clothing choices, they wore more jewelry, and overall seemed to put more effort into their clothing and appearance. psychnsex - fertility Hello, Mr. Right Now During ovulation, not only are women more likely to dress in a way that makes them more attractive to men, they’re more likely to don behaviors that interest men. To some extent, the behavior could be explained by the attention that women get from men during their fertile phase, but a study published in Psychological Science found that women’s behavior does change during that time of the cycle. The study examined undergraduate females as they interacted with male actors who were trained to behave like the stereotypical fling (confident and exciting, but unreliable) as well as the stereotypical “safe” guy (warm and stable, but less confident and exciting). The women were told that the “exciting” and “safe” men were identical twins and that they would interact with each. Results showed that the women’s responses to both men were about equal during the low-fertility phase; however, when ovulating, the women displayed more interest in the exciting, short-term fling guy. The women also flirted more overall. This suggests that during the fertile period, women may not only behave in a way that could lead to sex but may do so with men who show no desire for a long-term relationship. psychnsex - fertility The Forbidden Fruit: Lusting After Other Men Ever find yourself imagining hot sex with someone other than your partner? Yeah, so have other women. And where you are in your cycle might be at least part of the reason for that. Pillsworth et al. studied women in long-term relationships and who were not on birth control pills. That latter thing is important because the Pill directly affects women’s hormone levels and prevents ovulation, which can influence behavior. They found that these women had an increased desire for men other than their partners during mid-cycle when ovulation occurs and women are most fertile. Not only are women more likely to fantasize about having sex with other men during the fertile period of their cycles, they may be more likely to act on these desires during that time. Many people tend to think of men as the infidels of the animal world, but science knows better: women cheat too. And if she does cheat, not only is it more likely to happen during her fertile phase, but she’s more likely to cheat with a man who has traditionally masculine features (e.g. a deep voice, strong jaw). There are many possible reasons for these findings. Evolutionary psychologists would offer that women are searching for the best possible genes in order to reproduce and create healthy offspring. However, it’s more likely that fertility merely makes women hornier as a way to ensure sex and reproduction. And when you’re really horny, you may crave some big, thick-browed dude with all that masculinity or some random guy you have no long-term interest in. After all, the human species cares more about ensuring its own survival than anything else. psychnsex - fertility But, in the end, the observations found in all these studies don’t apply to every woman or every month. Many, many factors contribute to a woman’s behavior, sex drive, and whom she chooses to sleep with. Yet, when Day 12 comes around and you find yourself choosing that short skirt, you’ll know why. Leave a comment
As far as I know, the only serious projects for human exploration of the Moon have been the Apollo project, some other US studies with Gemini capsules and a couple of embryonic Soviet projects. I see in Wikipedia that geologist and astronaut Harrison Schmitt, who became the last to set foot on the Moon, had aggressively pushed for his landing site to be on the far side of the Moon, aiming at the lava-filled Tsiolkovskiy crater. NASA managers rejected these plans because of the added risk and lack of funding. How close was this proposal to success? Were there any other NASA studies for a human landing on this hemisphere? As a data point (but as yet, not a complete answer in itself) I came across this paper whilst reading up on satellite antennae for another question: Lunar Far Side Communication Satellites, dated June 1968. It is a NASA technical report, for whatever that's worth. It considered several tasks: relaying signals from a lunar module landed on the far side of the moon back to Earth, or to an orbiting command module, or to other sites on the far side of the moon. The paper does not make any reference to any mission plans, but the fact that it existed at all suggests that someone was putting a reasonable amount of thought into the possibility of manned landings there. I'll see if I can turn up anything else that might cast some more light on the matter, but clearly studies existed. Harrison Schmitt (the penultimate man on the moon) was apparently really keen to get one or more of the final planned Apollo missions to land on the far side, using a communications relay satellite at the Earth-Moon L2 point. I can't find details of his proposal(s), and although I can find multiple places saying that the idea was rejected by NASA due to the increased risk and lack of funding, I can't actually find any references for that, either. • $\begingroup$ If there were no more plans, as it seems, this answer is as good as it gets. I'll wait a couple of days and will be glad to accept it. Thanks for the effort. $\endgroup$ – Ginasius Jan 7 at 11:36 • $\begingroup$ @Ginasius np. I'd like to have found the proposals that Schmitt had made... they must be out there somewhere, but apparently my search-fu is weak :-( $\endgroup$ – Starfish Prime Jan 7 at 11:44 Your Answer
Mundane Animals Pigs are a genus of even-toed ungulates including the domestic pig and the wild boar. Pigs are omnivores, and despite their reputation for gluttony, they are generally social and very intelligent animals. Domestic Pigs Pigs are one of the most common farm animals in Vaxia, alongside cows, chickens, sheep, and horses. Pigs are kept for their delicious meat, providing various forms of bacon, ham, and pork. Wild Boars Wild boar are closely related to the domestic pig (an animal with which it freely hybridises). Wild boar are more muscular than domestic pig, characterised by huge tusks and dense, bristly fur. The hunting of wild boar is a popular (and dangerous) activity among Vaxian nobility. Although "boar" refers to the adult male of many species of hog, including the domestic pig, "wild boar" is used to refer to the whole species, including wild boar sows and wild boar piglets. Elephants are a fairly broad category of creatures which can be found on all three major continents in the Vaxian world. They are some of the world's largest quadrupeds, easily distinguishable by their large, flappy ears, sharp tusks, and long, prehensile noses. All elephant species are relatively easy to tame, and are used for work and war by many peoples. Candenordian Elephants The forests, deserts, and plains of south-eastern Candenord are home to these elephants. They are a dull gray in colour, and can grow up to 12 feet tall at the shoulder and 24 feet in length. They have the largest ears of any elephant, and both males and females have tusks. Shinkan Elephants The elephants of south-western Shi Inkahan are slightly smaller than their eastern relatives (up to 9 feet in height) and redder in colour. They also have more of a hump on their backs and a noticeable dent in the top of their heads. Female Shinkan elephants lack tusks. Woolly Mammoths Mammoths, found in the far northern tundras of the Vaxian Continent are the largest species of elephant, growing up to 16 feet tall at the shoulder. This species is distinguished by its thick coat of shaggy brown fur and its excessively enormous tusks, which grow up to 16 feet long and are much more curved than those of other elephants. Feline is the general term for a variety of cats and cat-like species. They are generally furry, solitary, and adorable, with sharp hearing and good eyesight. It turns out that nearly all species of cat are capable of producing a soothing rumble called a "purr". Domestic cats are often seen around houses, farms, bars, and ships. Anywhere there are people, you are likely to find cats. These creatures generally feed on small rodents that are generally detrimental to human livelihood, and moreover many humans find it comforting to pet a cat. For these reasons, housecats have entered into a symbiotic relationship with many civilized races, though anyone who knows cats might say it's a stretch to call them 'domesticated'. Wild Cats There are many species of big cat. The species found on the Vaxian continent include a number of varieties of leopards (including snow leopards), panthers, bobcats, and lynx. • Lions Lions are large, tawny yellowish carnivores native to the continent of Candenord. They are among the only species of feline that are social, hunting in groups called prides. Male lions have been known to grow large, luxuriant manes. • Tigers Tigers are slightly smaller than lions, and generally found on the continent of Shi Inkahan. Their most notable feature is their striking orange and black stripy pattern. • Sabretooths Sabretooth cats can be found in the far north of the Vaxian continent. Their most noticeable feature are their protruding maxillary canine teeth, which can grow up to 17 centimeters (7 inches) long and are used for stabbing more than slashing. Sabretooth cats are larger but more compactly built, with shorter and more massive limbs than other felines, and generally have a thick coat of fur. Penguins are small, flightless, water-dwelling birds which live in polar climates, such as the Northlands of the Vaxian continent. They comprise a great many species, but are usually black and white in color and subsist on fish. The largest species can be up to three feet tall. Rodents are a classification of small, furry animals whose teeth grow through their whole lives and who are generally considered pests to humans. Mice are small, cute, timid rodents that like to eat grains but are otherwise harmless to humans. Rats are largish rodents that often live in sewers and are frequent carriers of plague. They are recognizable by their bare tails and malevolent demeanor. Turtles are any of a number of species of usually water-dwelling reptile that is covered in a hard, bony shell. Tortoises are large, land-dwelling animals, basically the same as turtles, but with feet instead of flippers. Wolves are any of a number of species of large, furry, forest-dwelling animals, related to dogs, which usually hunt in packs to take down prey much larger than themselves. Sheep are quadrupedal, plant eating mammals. They can be kept as live stock and have their wool harvested to create clothing and other items. Their meat is also used as a food source. Primates are a group of animals which includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and most humanoids. They tend to be considered one of the most intelligent groups of animals, and are often highly social as well. Lemurs and Tarsiers Lemurs are found in the jungles of some of the islands southeast of Shi Inkahan, and are distinguished by their long tails, used for balance, and their large, reflective eyes. Tarsiers are found in the same regions, and have much smaller bodies with proportionally enormous eyes, as well as thinner, rat-like tails. Monkeys are the most common of primates found on all three known continents, in many environments, though they thrive in forests and jungles. Monkeys frequently have prehensile tails, and are sometimes kept as pets, stereotypically by East Kadrass Pirates An ape is, most simply, any primate which lacks a tail. This includes gorillas and chimpanzees, both native to southern Candenord. Vaxia's most famous gorilla, Ben Branlyn (given enhanced intelligence by the Royal Labs and put in charge of Victory City), is an ape, although people frequently refer to him as "The Monkey" anyway. Most humanoids, including humans, Elves dwarven races, orcish races, and beast people, are likely descended from one ancestral race, closely related to apes, altered and split into many through various instances of magical experimentation and divine intervention as well as continued natural evolution. Horses are large odd-toed ungulate mammals, used for millennium as one of the most economically important domesticated animals, especially relied upon for farm work and for transportation. Horses are used often in war, especially in Nebrak, famed for its knights. Cetaceans are an order of carnivorous marine mammals more commonly known as whales. They breathe air, for which they must surface periodically. Baleen whales consume microfauna called krill, while predatory whales, dolphins, and porpoises eat fish and squid. Bovines are a group of quadruped creatures that are distinguished by their cloven hooves, true horns, and herding instincts, and are often used for food. Aurochs are large, shaggy animals found in the northern regions of the Vaxian continent. Bison are large, semi-shaggy animals with small horns that are found in Candenord and Vaxia. Cows are widespread and can be found on all three continents. They are domesticated in most places, except where religion or culture prohibits it. They are some of the most versatile domesticated animals: their meat is consumed as food, their milk is consumed fresh or turned into various dairy products, their skin is used for leather, and when all else fails, they are used as draft animals to pull carts and plows. Bulls have horns, cows do not. Yaks are medium-large, very shaggy creatures which live in the mountains of Shi Inkahan. Lizards are a very large group of reptile creatures. They are distinguished by cold-bloodedness, scales, and a basic tetrapod body form. Small Lizards Small lizards comprise hundreds of species that can be found all over the world. These include chameleons, iguanas, collared lizards, and monitor lizards, among others. Giant Lizards Giant lizards, including what we might call a komodo dragon, as well as even larger species - are found mostly in caves, cultivated as a source of food and leather for clothing by the Nethar
8 Unbelievable Political Metaphors Of 2016 A tree made famous by one of the Founding Fathers is dead Some see it as a metaphor for the end of democracy — a New Jersey white oak that George Washington and Revolutionary War financier Marquis de Lafayette are rumored to have picnicked beneath is dead and has officially been declared unsaveable. The 600-year-old tree has rotted to the point of no return and will come down in early 2017. Its caretakers blame one of the hottest Augusts on record for doing the tree in. Brown leaves were spotted on its branches at the end of the summer, and it seems that the old tree just wasn’t able to withstand the “intense heat.” (Source) Bald eagles stuck in a storm drain are seen as a metaphor for the U.S. presidential election A female bald eagle that got stuck in an Orlando, Florida storm drain in early November 2016 has died from internal injuries. The bird was trapped after losing a territorial fight with a male. After 30 minutes, the male escaped, but the female fell deeper into the storm drain. The Audubon Center for Birds of Prey rescued it, but it died while in their care. Images of the trapped birds went viral after Donald Trump won the U.S. presidential election. Of the event, one Twitter user wrote: “Right now there is a bald eagle stuck in a sewer drain, and I feel like it’s the perfect metaphor for a Trump presidency.” Another user, @OhHeySammie, also tweeted, “There is currently a bald eagle stuck in a storm drain in Florida. If that’s not a metaphor for the United States right now, IDK what is.” (Source) A deteriorating presidential yacht that is now teeming with raccoons In yet another metaphor for the state of the nation, the SS Sequoia, a National Historic Landmark, is deteriorating and inhabited by raccoons. In 1931, the Sequoia was used as booze-busting ship during Prohibition. Herbert Hoover also liked to requisition it from time to time, and it soon became the president’s official yacht. Roosevelt entertained the prime minister of Great Britain here, and it was used by presidents for four decades until Jimmy Carter sold it for $286,000 in the late ’70s. It bounced from owner to owner, before finding a home in 2000 with businessman Gary Silversmith, who restored it and rented it out for cruises. However, the boat became the subject of litigation between Silversmith and an investment group named FE Partners, from which the legal entity which technically owns the yacht borrowed a bunch of money. Since then, it has fallen into disrepair and is now populated by the furry pests. (Source) A backhanded compliment becomes a metaphor It was a compliment — we think. In a not-so-flattering tweet before the U.S. presidential election, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee explained why he voted for Donald Trump, by calling GOP nominee Donald Trump a “car wreck.” The one-time Republican presidential contender’s tweet was met with criticism on social media. One follower wrote, “Haul it to the junkyard. That’s it. By definition, it’s a wreck. And you’re right: there’s no fixing your candidate.” But other followers agreed with him: “Gov. Excellent Metaphor!!! Trump ain’t perfect, but who among us is perfect? At least he’s not facing indictment!!!” Huckabee responded to the criticism with a follow-up tweet aimed at the media, writing, “Low IQ media don’t get my earlier tweet about car wreck. @realdonaldTrump will bend fenders but is a vehicle going right way.” (Source) A movie metaphor that doesn’t quite work A movie metaphor that doesn't quite work Huckabee strikes again! During the contentious 2016 U.S. presidential election, the former governor appeared on Fox News Tuesday and launched into an elaborate explanation as to how the film Jaws holds the key to understanding why Trump deserved to be our president. He compared the Republican nominee’s language to that of Robert Shaw’s “vulgar, salty,” foul-mouthed fisherman Quint, and that Quint and Trump are the kind of men we need to save the world from sharks. (Hillary Clinton, of course, being the shark.) Megyn Kelly, however, proved to be a Jaws expert and quickly fact-checked him. “Now governor, I hate to be the one to tell you this. But Captain Quint got eaten by the shark.” Huckabee laughed along and said instead that Quint died while killing the shark, thus saving all of us. Quint, however, did not kill the shark and who would know better than Jaws star Richard Dreyfuss, who tweeted: For the record, it’s Roy Scheider’s Brody who finally takes out the shark. (Source) A boy battling a garbage can has become an apt metaphor for 2016 One brave young boy is happy to face any task he is given, and taking out the garbage on a windy day is no mean feat. The trash can and its lid seem to have other ideas, however, and the video is seen as a bit of symbol for a less than stellar year.(Source) A candy’s redesign is emblematic of Brexit Toberlone, the popular nougat-and-chocolate bar, invented in Switzerland but now owned by the U.S.-based Mondelez International, became internationally famous because of its distinctive triangular shape. But that very shape is now the subject of controversy in the U.K. where a recent announcement that some versions of the chocolate bar would feature larger spaces between the triangles. Why? Many believe Brexit is to blame. Mondelez insists Brexit had nothing to do with it and said the changes were made to save costs by reducing the weight of each bar. Widening the gap between the segments has meant that a 400-gram bar now weighs 360 grams, and a 170-gram bar now weighs 150 grams. The company blames rising ingredient prices for the change and says it was necessary to keep the bar’s shape. Although that may be the case, that doesn’t stop it from looking like a perfect metaphor. Less is not more in this instance, folks. (Source \| Photo) Vice President-elect Pence’s plane skids off an airport runway Mike Pence’s Boeing 737 slid off the runway during a difficult landing in October 2016, causing no injuries but certainly worrying plenty of people. Of course, Twitterers made the connection: Please wait... And Now... A Few Links From Our Sponsors
David BernardCT takes time, but can virtually microsection and analyze any plane in an entire sample. 2-D offline x-ray inspection of electronics is directly analogous to 2-D medical x-ray imaging, the only difference being image magnification is required to see the much smaller features within electronic devices and boards. (Also, the sample doesn’t talk back!) Medical x-ray imaging also offers CT scanning (also known as 3-D x-ray or computer tomography or CAT scans), and the same technique is available for electronics analysis. From Greek, tomography means writing slices. CT provides a 3-D density map model of the sample from which virtual 2-D x-ray slices can be taken and examined in any plane within the model. Consider it like being able to take virtual microsections anywhere, at any angle and as often and repeatedly as desired through the sample without having to cut, pot, polish, optically image, repolish, re-image, etc., as when making a traditional microsection. 3-D representations of the sample may also be created and virtually sliced (FIGURES 1 to 3). Figure 1. Helical CT scan of example cellphone board. Figure 2. Circular (cone beam) CT scan of a section of the cellphone board in Figure 1. A virtual 2-D x-ray slice of a single level in the z-plane (depth) of the board is shown (l). Voiding under the QFNs can be seen without packaging or second-side components obscuring the view. Figure 3. CT analysis of 80µm diameter microbump with head-on-pillow defect. Virtual 2-D slices in the x, y and z planes are shown together with a 3-D rendered view. Whether the sample is a person or a circuit board/component, CT requires three distinct stages to be undertaken. These are 2-D x-ray image acquisition, 3-D model reconstruction, and 3-D model visualization and analysis. X-ray image acquisition requires a self-consistent set of many 2-D x-ray images to be taken, ideally from 360° around the sample. Features within the sample must not move relative to each over the image acquisition. This is the reason patients in hospitals remain “fixed,” and the x-ray tube and detector rotate around them – that’s what’s inside the circle they go into. For electronics CT, where typically internal features do not move around, we can keep the tube and detector fixed for imaging and rotate the sample in a precise way. CT functionality can be provided as an option for some offline 2-D x-ray systems. However, the typical vertical arrangement of tube and detector means CT results are good, but not optimal, as the sample rotates horizontally, which can allow unwanted movement of the sample during acquisition, particularly for larger samples. Alternatively, if CT analysis is your primary workload, then crossover CT systems from those used in nondestructive testing (NDT) environments may be worth considering. In these systems the tube/detector axis is horizontal, and the (larger) sample can be more accurately rotated in the vertical plane. Image acquisition takes the most time to complete. The time depends on the number of images taken and the image averaging, if any, applied to each image. More images and longer image averaging, providing a better signal-to-noise ratio in each image, gives better information for the model. But it takes more time. Compromising and shortening this process does give results, but is it sufficient to see what you need at an acceptable level? Reconstruction takes the acquired 2-D images and inserts them into a mathematical algorithm from which the 3-D model is created. This is a highly computationally intensive operation. Consider there may be many hundreds of 2-D x-ray images, each containing megapixels of information. The reconstruction algorithm generates a 3-D density map of all the features within the sample from all the images. The most commonly used reconstruction algorithms for electronics are based on the Feldkamp method (aka Feldkamp, Davis & Kress, or FDK, cone beam CT or circular scan CT). Up until as few as 10 years ago, reconstruction was not a quick process, as the available computational resource was much more limited, typically to custom hardware rather than using PCs. However, the rapid development of GPUs contained within modestly priced, commercially available graphics cards for PC gaming now provides ready access to massive computational power on a high-end desktop PC. This has not only dramatically reduced reconstruction times but offered new paradigms for reconstruction methodology. This transforms the opportunities for CT, in my opinion. It now allows, I believe, better and more computationally hungry CT reconstruction algorithms to be used for electronics. The Feldkamp/cone beam method has been a good compromise to provide reasonable CT models on the historically available computing hardware. It works well but could not be said to be the best, as there are some underlying technical issues, such as artefact generation. Newer reconstruction algorithms for electronics, such as helical CT, can remove these flaws. In helical CT, the sample rotates, as for cone beam CT, but the tube and detector also move vertically with respect to the sample. In this way the image acquisition is taken over a helix rather than a circle. Whichever reconstruction method is used, the result is a 3-D model containing a density distribution of the materials within the sample. The model is made up of a three-dimensional array of volume pixels, or voxels, that can be 1024 x 1024 x 1024 elements in size, or larger. Visualization of the model, therefore, requires special software (and the GPUs again) to handle this vast amount of data, yet enables virtual “dicing and slicing” and 3-D rendering for optimum analysis (Figures 1 to 3). Remember, the virtual 2-D slices are not the original x-ray images but reconstructed views from the original data. For example, you can easily select different layers in the depth of a board to check the voiding at different locations in a device, such as at a die interface and at a substrate interface, without the view being obscured by other layers or features. It should be noted the small feature sizes in electronics require high image magnification. This means the sample needs to get close to the x-ray tube, yet still be able to rotate freely. Therefore, the best resolution CT results for the smallest electronic features may require cutting down the sample so it gets closer to the tube and provides the necessary magnification. In these situations, consider CT as the step before a full microsection. You have already committed to cutting the sample into the epoxy, but before you do, CT offers a method to virtually microsection and analyze at any plane in the entire sample ahead of preparing (if necessary) what you hope is the correct slice for the microscope. CT offers the potential of a lot of additional information. It takes time and may require cutting the sample, but access to huge, low-cost number-crunching power means, I believe, more opportunities from CT and related technologies will be coming to electronics in the future. Au.: Images courtesy René Sommer of Yxlon International. David Bernard, Ph.D., is an expert in use and analysis of 2D and 3D (CT) x-ray inspection techniques for electronics; dbc@bernard.abel.co.uk. Submit to FacebookSubmit to Google PlusSubmit to TwitterSubmit to LinkedInPrint Article
Molecular diagnostics of pathogens using next-generation sequencing Molecular diagnostics of pathogens using next-generation sequencingFigure 1. A schematic overview of the general workflow of diagnostic procedures including NGS in our laboratory. (Adapted from Deurenberg RH et al., 2017 [2]). Current molecular diagnostics of pathogens using traditional typing methods gives limited information for outbreak investigation. Next-generation sequencing determines the DNA sequence of a complete genome... Supplied by Current molecular diagnostics of pathogens using traditional typing methods gives limited information for outbreak investigation. Next-generation sequencing determines the DNA sequence of a complete genome and reveals information on resistance and virulence. Furthermore, it allows typing with a higher discriminatory power, which is essential for outbreak and transmission investigations. by S. Rosema, Dr R. H. Deurenberg, Dr M. A. Chlebowicz, Dr S. García-Cobos, Dr A. C. M. Veloo, Prof. Dr A. W. Friedrich and Dr J. W. A. Rossen The correct identification and characterization of pathogens is essential for the successful treatment of infections and safety of patients. However, not every pathogen can be successfully cultured and the available molecular tests, mainly focusing on specific pathogens, are inadequate to detect novel genetic features in emerging pathogens. Undetected pathogens can spread easily through a hospital, resulting in a possible outbreak and putting patients admitted to hospitals at a higher risk for infections. In recent decades, molecular diagnostic tests have improved rapidly and their role in clinical microbiology laboratories became progressively more important [1]. The turnaround time from receiving a sample to the final diagnostic result has been drastically reduced. Molecular methods, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS), make it possible to detect non-culturable micro-organisms. Nevertheless, some of these technologies, such as real-time PCR, require knowledge of the genomes of the micro-organisms. In addition, bioinformatics expertise is often needed to interpret the results. This paper addresses the use of Sanger sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) in the clinical microbiology laboratory for the characterization of pathogens and outbreak management, as it is used in the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), one of the largest university hospitals in The Netherlands. The clinical microbiology laboratory at the UMCG receives around 5750 samples per year for detailed molecular analysis, of which approximately 1500 samples are analysed by NGS [2]. Sanger sequencing Sanger sequencing is used to answer different molecular questions, such as the identification of bacteria and fungi in patient material or pure cultures, and the identification of mutations in specific genomic regions of interest in bacteria or viruses. In general, Sanger sequencing is used to investigate a short DNA sequence (± 500 bp) after amplification of the region of interest by PCR. After amplification, two different sequence reactions (forward and reverse) are performed and can be used to identify bacterial or fungal species based on the analyses of the sequenced 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and 18S rDNA of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively [2]. One of the disadvantages of Sanger sequencing is that species identification in clinical materials containing more than one species is difficult, if not impossible. Furthermore, the costs and the labour needed for investigating multiple genomic regions of interest makes this method of limited use in modern clinical microbiology laboratories. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) NGS determines the whole genome sequence of different pathogens in one single sequencing run. This technology allows sample multiplexing and, thus, simultaneously provides genomic sequence information on diverse pathogens isolated from different patients. NGS also allows determination of microbial genomes in complex multi-species patient samples by shotgun metagenomics (third generation sequencing) [3]. In comparison to Sanger sequencing, NGS is a considerable improvement owing to the usage of one protocol for all pathogens [4]. A schematic overview of the general workflow used for the sequence analysis in the UMCG is shown in Figure 1. Using NGS, the whole genome of a pathogen is sequenced in a random way. As benchtop next-generation sequencers can sequence DNA fragments between 100 and 1000 bases, the genome is fragmented before sequencing [5, 6]. Third generation sequencers are an exception to this, as they can handle larger fragments of over 200 kb [2]. NGS requires the preparation of libraries, in which fragments of DNA or RNA are linked to adapters and barcodes. At a later stage, this enables the identification of the sequenced fragments (reads) to the pathogens. After fragmentation, clonal amplification, normalization and a sequencing run is performed. For this, a robust preparation of libraries and standardized protocols are key [3]. Software for data analysis A huge challenge for the introduction of NGS in a clinical setting is the data analysis. This requires specific software as well as scientific knowledge to interpret the results. There are, so far, only a few user-friendly software packages available to perform data analyses with little bioinformatics knowledge. However, the costs of these software packages is relatively high. However, there a numerous freely available software packages to answer different scientific questions, but knowledge of bioinformatics is often required [2]. After high-throughput sequencing, the reads can be assembled, either by mapping or de novo assembly [2]. Software packages, such as CLC Genomics Workbench (Qiagen), SPAdes and Velvet, can be used for assembly. The genetic relatedness between isolates can be investigated using a gene-by-gene approach using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST) or whole genome MLST (wgMLST) using SeqSphere+ (Ridom), Bionummerics (Biomérieux), or online tools, such as Enterobase ( and BIGSdb ( Currently, it is still a matter of debate how many alleles two genomes may differ by to call them genetically related. The same problem applies for comparing two genomes by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. There are a number of web-based tools to perform additional NGS analysis [2]. One of them is the website of the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology ( that can be used for the detection of resistance and virulence genes. Another web-based tool is the Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) website ( for annotating bacterial genomes. One of the advantages of web-based tools is that, in general, no knowledge of bioinformatics is necessary. However, a disadvantage may be the lack of tweaking the software settings while performing the analysis. In addition, it may be necessary to confirm the results obtained through web-based tools using other methods [2]. NGS in clinical microbiology NGS is already applied in several medical microbiology laboratories where it is used for outbreak management, molecular case findings, characterization and surveillance of pathogens, for example [2]. Indeed NGS can be extremely useful in outbreak detection, by monitoring the evolution and dynamics of multi-drug resistant pathogens [7]. A number of studies have highlighted the effectiveness of WGS-based typing for assessing of (newly) emerging pathogens. In our hospital, NGS was used for the characterization of a newly emerging CTX-M-15 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clone [8]. Transmission of this K. pneumoniae strain between patients has been traced using genomic phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2). In addition, the study showed the usefulness of a unique marker PCR, in which a clone-specific PCR was developed to investigate the transmission between patients [4]. In addition to tracing and characterizing outbreaks, NGS can be used for the implementation of control measures to avoid the spread of resistance bacteria [9]. An outbreak of a colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC) with inter-institutional spread in The Netherlands was identified and characterized using NGS and, partially based on these findings, controlled by transferring all positive patients to a separate location [9]. Furthermore, NGS data stored in databases can be used to search retrospectively for molecular case studies. A study from Bathoorn et al. showed that a New Delhi Metallo-?-lactamas-5 (NDM-5)-producing K. pneumoniae was isolated from a Dutch patient. Molecular case findings showed that the Dutch strain is clonally related to strains isolated from four Danish patients in 2014. There was no obvious epidemiological link between the cases in the Dutch and Danish hospitals [10]. These studies and many others highlight the importance of NGS in clinical microbiology. NGS can be used either as a highly discriminatory tool to discriminate between bacterial clones with specific features and to use the information for patient management, infection prevention and evolutionary studies [2] or to characterize bacterial isolates in more detail [8]. Furthermore, web-based databases can be in silico screened retrospectively for the presence of novel (antibiotic-resistance) genes. Conclusion and outlook Using NGS, one laboratory protocol can be used to generate sequencing data from samples obtained from different sources. After data analysis, information on the presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as other relevant genes are obtained. In addition, NGS makes it possible to standardize typing methods, although cut-off values regarding cgMLST, wgMLST and SNP analysis have to be established internationally in order to distinguish related or unrelated isolates and being able to compare results between laboratories. In the next few years, the role of NGS will surely increase in medical microbiology laboratories, both for research as well as for molecular diagnostic purposes, infection prevention and molecular-epidemiological investigations. Nonetheless, improvement of the NGS workflow is still needed, focusing on easier and faster ways of library preparation, shorter run-times and further reduction in costs. Furthermore, automatic pipelines for data analyses and easy to use software have to be developed. In addition, the development of proficiency testing panels are important for external quality controls. Only with implementation of the above items at local, (inter)regional and international level will broad use of NGS be allowed in clinical microbiological laboratories for patient and infection control management, including defining a tailor-made antibiotic therapy for each patient, leading to personalized microbiology. A full version of this work is published in the review ‘Application of next generation sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention’, Journal of biotechnology 2017; 243: 16–24. 1. Buchan BW, Ledeboer NA. Emerging technologies for the clinical microbiology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27(4): 783–822. 2. Deurenberg RH, Bathoorn E, Chlebowicz MA, Couto N, Ferdous M, Garcia-Cobos S, Kooistra-Smid AM, Raangs EC, Rosema S, Veloo AC, Zhou K, Friedrich AW, Rossen JW. Application of next generation sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention. J Biotechnol 2017; 243: 16–24. 3. Head SR, Komori HK, LaMere SA, Whisenant T, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Salomon DR, Ordoukhanian P. Library construction for next-generation sequencing: overviews and challenges. Biotechniques 2014; 56(2): 61–64, 6, 8, passim. 4. Zhou K, Lokate M, Deurenberg RH, Tepper M, Arends JP, Raangs EG, Lo-Ten-Foe J, Grundmann H, Rossen JW, Friedrich AW. Use of whole-genome sequencing to trace, control and characterize the regional expansion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 20840. 5. Junemann S, Sedlazeck FJ, Prior K, Albersmeier A, John U, Kalinowski J, Mellmann A, Goesmann A, von Haeseler A, Stoye J, Harmsen D. Updating benchtop sequencing performance comparison. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31(4): 294–296. 6. Loman NJ, Misra RV, Dallman TJ, Constantinidou C, Gharbia SE, Wain J, Pallen MJ. Performance comparison of benchtop high-throughput sequencing platforms. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30(5): 434–439. 7. ECDC. Expert opinion on whole genome sequencing for public health surveillance. 2016. 8. Zhou K, Lokate M, Deurenberg RH, Arends J, Lo-Ten Foe J, Grundmann H, Rossen JW, Friedrich AW. Characterization of a CTX-M-15 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak strain assigned to a novel sequence type (1427). Front Microbiol 2015; 6: 1250. 9. Weterings V, Zhou K, Rossen JW, van Stenis D, Thewessen E, Kluytmans J, Veenemans J. An outbreak of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Netherlands (July to December 2013), with inter-institutional spread. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34(8): 1647–1655. 10. Bathoorn E, Rossen JW, Lokate M, Friedrich AW, Hammerum AM. Isolation of an NDM-5-producing ST16 Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Dutch patient without travel history abroad, August 2015. Euro Surveill 2015; 20(41). The authors Sigrid Rosema BSc; Ruud H. Deurenberg PhD; Monica A. Chlebowicz PhD; Silvia García-Cobos PhD; Alida C. M. Veloo PhD; Alexander W. Friedrich MD, PhD; John W. A. Rossen PhD, MMM Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands *Corresponding author Contact form Get in touch directly with the above supplier
In 2013, 4.7% of the American population smoked cigars. Cigars are addictive even if the smoke is not being inhaled. High levels of nicotine can still be absorbed into the body. A cigar smoker can get nicotine by two routes: by inhalation into the lungs and by absorption through the oral mucosa. Either way, the smoker becomes addicted to nicotine. A single cigar can potentially provide as much nicotine as a pack of cigarettes. Most cigars are composed primarily of a single type of tobacco (air-cured and fermented), with a tobacco wrapper. Cigar smoke is possibly more toxic than cigarette smoke. Cigar smoke has a higher level of cancer-causing substances which originate from the fermentation process of the cigar manufacturing. Nitrosamines are found at higher levels in cigar smoke than in cigarette smoke. Cigar wrappers also have higher concentrations of toxins when compared to cigarettes. Furthermore, many cigars are larger resulting in a longer smoking time and higher exposure to many toxic substances including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ammonia, and cadmium. Cigar smoking has been linked to cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, and lung. It may also cause cancer of the pancreas. Although cigar smokers have lower rates of lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and lung disease than cigarette smokers, they have higher rates of these diseases than those who do not smoke cigars. All cigar and cigarette smokers, whether or not they inhale, directly expose their lips, mouth, tongue, throat, larynx and lungs to smoke and its toxic, cancer-causing chemicals. In addition, when saliva containing the chemicals in tobacco smoke is swallowed, the esophagus is exposed to carcinogens. These exposures most likely account for the similar oral and esophageal cancer risks seen among cigar and cigarette smokers.24
Chapter One Chiropractic Past And Present Chiropractic, Past and Present What Is Chiropractic? That is a question that many people ask, especially as they consider alternatives to the medical practices of drugs and surgery. Yet, depending upon whom they ask, they will get many different answers. In the past if you asked a medical doctor about chiropractic, the response may not have been quite positive. Today, however, many medical doctors not only refer their patients for chiropractic, they also choose this safe and natural care for themselves and their families as well. This is true because chiropractic education and research has come a long way. We spend as much time as a medical doctor getting our degree. We also are well versed in the sciences including anatomy, physiology, nutrition and other studies that are relevant to the advancement of a proactive wellness model of healthcare. Studies have shown that in many cases chiropractic is beneficial and typically more effective than drugs or surgery. Studies have also shown that chiropractic is one of the safest healthcare treatments available. If you ask a chiropractor how to define it, we might get pretty technical and say something like, "The discipline of detecting and reducing vertebral subluxation" or "A science, art and philosophy which utilizes the inherent recuperative abilities of the body and deals with the relationship between the spinal column and the nervous system and the role of the relationship in the restoration and maintenance of health. Yes, these are true statements, but what do they mean to the average patient? What does this mean to you? Later in this chapter, you will learn about subluxations and the musculoskeletal system, but suffice it to say, at this point, that chiropractic is helping your brain and spine talk to one another without any interruptions. If you were to ask a patient of chiropractic the questions, you might hear something like, "Chiropractic has brought me back to a life without pain and with freedom of movement that I haven’t experienced in a number of years" or "I have noticed incredible changes in my body, mind and spirit since starting chiropractic." What wonderful testimonials! And these are but a few of the things you might hear from someone that has tried chiropractic care. However, despite the glowing recommendations, it still leaves you wondering, "What exactly is chiropractic?" Chiropractic Defined Here is chiropractic in a nutshell. • Your brain and spinal cord, "the central nervous system," controls, communicates to and coordinates every organ, tissue and cell of your body. Words Defined: Vertebral Subluxation An interference of the nervous system due to a misalignment and/or abnormal motion of spinal vertebra which causes improper communication with associated organs, muscles and tissues of the body. And what about the art and philosophy? Chiropractic is the art of restoring the body to its natural state utilizing many different techniques and styles. Healing injury or pain is simply a wonderful side effect. The chiropractic philosophy is the understanding that the body wants to function correctly and be as healthy as possible and that our bodies know how to do this and will do this as long as there is no interference. Subluxations, pressure or irritation of the nerves, is interference. Research shows that pressure on the spinal nerves causes the body to break down. Removing that pressure causes the body to begin to heal. Chiropractic’s goal is to remove that pressure. Through the Years Chiropractic as a profession started in Davenport, Iowa in September of 1895 by a man named DD Palmer. DD Palmer had been taught a new way of healing called magnetic healing and opened an office. Shortly after opening his practice, he met the janitor that worked in his building and found out that he was nearly deaf. The janitor, Harvey Lillard, explained that he had lost his hearing one day when he had bent over for a long period of time and then straightened up. When he straightened, he heard a pop in his upper back and hadn’t been able to hear since. Dr. Palmer examined his back and noticed that there was a bump on the spine that appeared to be an out of placevertebrae. Harvey explained that he began to notice that bump about the time he lost his hearing. DD Palmer put two and two together and believed that the two incidences were related. He convinced Harvey to allow him to push the bone back in place. Once in place, Harvey could hear again. From then on, DD Palmer no longer practiced magnetic healing, but began to help replace bones in the spine that were out of alignment. This was the birth of chiropractic. He was also the one to develop the philosophy of chiropractic that the body is meant to heal itself. Within two years Dr. Palmer opened the first school of chiropractic. DD Palmer once said, "I am not the first person to replace subluxated vertebrae, but I do claim to be the first person to replace displaced vertebrae by using the spinous and transverse processes as levers...and to develop the philosophy and science of chiropractic adjustments." What Dr. Palmer meant was that he was not the first one to understand the relationship between health and the spine. Hippocrates, the man known for the oath that medical doctors take, advised, "Get knowledge of the spine, for this is the requisite for many diseases." I came to see Dr. Rardin after serving in the Desert Storm War. As a US Marine I was a radar tech. It involved being next to a lot of equipment that was extremely loud. The job was constant – 24 hours a day involving sleeping next to the intensely loud noise. When I returned home I hadgreatly diminished hearing in my left ear. After a series of adjustments my hearing was fully restored and at an equal level with my right side. The time in the Gulf dealing with the noise was seven total months. Dr. Rardin was able to reverse this problem within my first month of treatment. I continue to see him to keep my body functioning at 100%. Thanks, Doc! • Steve S. Herodotus, who lived during the same period of time as Hippocrates, became famous for curing diseases by correcting spinal abnormalities. He did so through exercises and manipulation. Aristotle was not impressed. In fact, he would fit right in with many medical doctors of today. "He [Herodotus] made old men young and thus prolonged their lives too greatly." But until Dr. Palmer, the treatment of the spine was not well understood. As word spread about the healing of Harvey’s deafness, patients began to come to Dr. Palmer for a variety of illnesses. DD Palmer found that spinal adjustments helped such things as: • Flu • Sciatica • Migraine headaches • Stomach complaints • Epilepsy • Heart trouble He began to understand that fixing the spinal misalignments, subluxations, got rid of nerve interference. Once the interference was gone, the patients’ complaints were resolved. Although the success was phenomenal, chiropractic was not accepted. The news media called Dr. Palmer a charlatan. The medical community criticized his methods and accused him of practicing without a license. He was even put into jail once for practicing chiropractic. Dr. Palmer was not alone, however, in his enthusiasm about chiropractic. His son, Bartlett Joshua (BJ), continued his father’s work. He took what his father had done and helped to define it and explain it as a health care system. He also was influential in getting chiropractic recognized as a licensed profession. Today there are over 60,000 licensed Doctors of Chiropractic in the United States and thousands more throughout the rest of the world. Millions of people each year seek chiropractic care and benefit from the treatments. In fact, chiropractic is one of the largest non- medical forms of health care today. Even though chiropractic has advanced tremendously in the last century, the philosophy is still the same. The body can heal itself without drugs and surgery if the subluxations are removed. The Brain–Spine–Nerve Connection Although you can take several courses to understand the nervous system completely, all you really need to know is that every cell, tissue and organ of your body is controlled by your nervous system through communication. When this communication is working correctly, you are healthy. When it is interfered with, this causes dysfunction leading to disease. Since these nerves are so close to many structures and can be easily irritated by light pressure, they are extremely vulnerable. That is why you need a chiropractor! Subluxations Explained We’ve talked some about subluxations. And from the information about the nervous system, you have seen that a subluxation causes a breakdown in the body. To enjoy wellness, your nervous system must be functioning at its optimal level. To do so, it must be free of subluxations. Therefore, the goal of chiropractic is to remove subluxations so that the body can return to its highest level of health. Only chiropractic care can achieve this level of wellness, because only chiropractors are trained to detect, locate and correct subluxations. So, how and why do subluxations occur? There are many different reasons, but they all fall into three main categories. Physical: These subluxations are due to trauma or repetitive movements. For instance, a fall, bad posture, typing or lifting something incorrectly can cause a physical subluxation. Emotional: These subluxations are due to emotional stress. When you are feeling grief, anger or fear, your muscles contract in ways that are not normal. If you are under repeated stress, these muscle contractions can cause unusual posture and lead to subluxations. Chemical: Chemicals that are harmful to the body cause the nervous system to become overwhelmed. This causes nerve function to be imbalanced. When the nerve is a motor nerve, a nerve controlling a muscle, the muscles will contract harder on one side than on the other. This will cause a subluxation. Chemical causes include certain foods, alcohol, prescription or recreational drugs, and pollution. Most people have subluxations and don’t know it because they occur before the pain or any warning signs. In many ways, subluxations are a silent killer – they begin to deteriorate your body without giving you any symptoms. Therefore, how you feel is a poor indicator of how healthy you actually are. For example, do we know what undetected cancer or heart disease feel like? Of course not, they are undetected, but the body is in a state of disease where outward symptoms have just not developed yet. The only way to identify subluxations is through a chiropractic exam. Such an exam will show the locations of any subluxations as well as let you know how severe the subluxations are. So, even if you aren’t experiencing pain, having a check-up on a regular basis will help you remove subluxations. Although you may not have any symptoms at first, eventually subluxations will cause problems that you can see and feel. Some of the most common signs and symptoms include: • Pain, tenderness, soreness or stiffness of the neck • Pain, tenderness, soreness or stiffness of the back • Headaches/Migraines • Feeling dizzy • Muscle spasms in the spine • Tightness or weakness of spinal muscles • Loss of range of motion in the neck and back • Pain, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs • Pain or stiffness in the joints • Lack of energy • Inability to heal quickly • Poor overall health How Does Chiropractic Work? Chiropractic is more than just a ?structural? approach to health. Yes, it is true that a chiropractor will remove subluxations caused by structural issues, and yes, it is true that this helps to restore health and wellness. But, in addition to structural components, chiropractic focuses on the whole picture. It does not just focus on the bones and nerves, but on your life. While speaking with your chiropractor, you will be asked about your spine, but also about how well you eat, if you exercise, your stress level and ways you reduce stress, your family life and so on. Then, using all this information, your chiropractor will create a treatment plan based on correcting the cause of your subluxations and possible associated symptoms. This makes perfect sense. For instance, if you have a leaky tire on your car, do you go to the gas station and fill it up day after day, or do you go to the tire store and have it repaired or replaced? The same is true for pains you may suffer. Why would you take pain meds daily when you can remove the subluxation and get to the root of the problem? When you have a subluxation, your chiropractor will correct it through an adjustment to the spine. This adjustment puts your body back into alignment, allowing communication between the brain and body to flow freely. Subluxations often do not go away and stay away with just one adjustment. Several adjustments over the course of a few weeks to several months may be necessary. Remember, chiropractic isn’t about simply relieving pain on a temporary basis. The goal is to fix the problem, keep it fixed, and keep it from happening again. There are many different types of chiropractic procedures and techniques. Some techniques work better for some people and others for other people. It is important to find the one that works for you and use it as part of your overall health care strategy. So, there you have it – you now know what chiropractic is and what it does. As you learn more and more, you will understand its effectiveness and its growing popularity. As the American Chiropractic Association website states: As evidence supporting the effectiveness of chiropractic continues to emerge, health care consumers are turning in large numbers to chiropractic care; a form of health care aimed primarily at enhancing a patient's overall health and well-being without the use of drugs or surgery. More care aimed primarily at enhancing a patient's overall health and well-being without the use of drugs or surgery. More than 22 million people visited doctors of chiropractic last year for a variety of conditions, and more and more medical doctors are referring their patients to doctors of chiropractic.
Featured Image: Joseph Delaney, Ph.D., collaborated with MUSC researchers and others to examine the role of autophagy genes in ovarian cancer. Photo courtesy: Vagney Bradley/ MUSC Hollings Cancer Center. Scientists at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) are shedding light on a decades-old controversy, showing that autophagy or “self-eating” genes work against tumors in certain types of ovarian cancer. The study was, in part, sponsored by “Nine Girls Ask,” a non-for profit organization focusing on finding a cure for ovarian cancer. Autophagy is a cellular recycling pathway. Scientists believe that is may play a role in cancer resistance to stresses caused by chemotherapy. In the study published in PLOS Genetics, the scientists describe that autophagy genes also act to prevent tumor formation.[1] “This finding, validated in mice, helps us to resolve a decades-old controversy based mostly on cells grown in plastic dishes,” explained Joe Delaney, Ph.D., a researcher at Hollings Cancer Center, who was the MUSC faculty lead on the study. Delaney teamed up with Dwayne Stupack, Ph.D., in the division of gynecologic oncology at UCSD. Bioinformatic and wet-lab research Delaney, who uses bioinformatic studies and wet-lab research, studies how aneuploidy, the condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes in a haploid set,* contributes to disease, particularly in ovarian cancer. Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, which leads to diseases like cancer or conditions like Down syndrome. High-grade serous carcinoma is the most malignant form of ovarian cancer and accounts for up to 70% of all ovarian cancer cases. BECN1 and LC3B The researchers focused on two autophagy genes: BECN1 and LC3B. Every person has two copies of these genes: one coming from each of their parents. One copy of BECN1 is lost in one of four breast cancers and three of five serous ovarian cancers. This is unusually frequent for a tumor- suppressor gene. However, BECN1 has been controversial and complicated. The reason is that this gene is rarely mutated, and even when it is lost, it is often lost with its neighbor, BRCA1, on both human (chromosome 17) and murine (chromosome 11) genomes. “Some scientists believe that BECN1 deletion is a coincidental event,” Delaney noted. However, previous studies in cell culture hinted at tumor-initiating characteristics when BECN1 was suppressed, prompting the current study. “There were strong messages regarding the role of BECN1 in ovarian cancer that hinted that the situation was more complicated. We were working then with a mouse model of ovarian cancer that we could modify at the genetic level. It was time to put the question to rest and measure for tumor suppression directly,” said Dwayne Stupack, Ph.D., in the division of gynecologic oncology at UCSD. Partial Deletion To investigate the potential tumor suppressor roles of two of the most commonly deleted autophagy genes in ovarian cancer, BECN1 and MAP1LC3B were knocked-down in atypical (BECN1+/+ and MAP1LC3B+/+) ovarian cancer cells.[1] Delaney and Stupack performed the same partial deletion found in patients, one of two BECN1 alleles in mammals, in this mouse model. The results were immediate and conclusive. The very first BECN1-suppressed mouse enrolled in the study had a sizeable tumor at 3 months of age. “Tumors with the model would not normally form until 4 to 6 months. We knew we had discovered something right away,” Delaney said. Years of research then went into the investigation of why BECN1 single-allele deletion acted as a tumor suppressor. Using the mouse tumors and human ovarian cancer cells within the lab, the team of 15 researchers tested multiple phenotypes to determine why autophagy gene deletion leads to cancer. The study’s authors suspected cellular metabolism to be one of the strongest effects following the disruption of this recycling pathway. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry metabolomics was performed on human ovarian cancer cells with reduced autophagy genes. Surprisingly, little metabolism was changed. Instead, ovarian cancer cells seemed to delete BECN1 to increase the tumor’s ability to evolve. “Cancer has always been hard to fight because of its ability to evolve in response to treatment. It was clear that removing these genes increased the rate of genetic evolution. Worse yet, many of these changes were random, allowing for the cancer to potentially evolve many different types of resistance,” Delaney explained. While this tumor-suppressor role of autophagy genes is frightening, given how many patients have lost an allele of either autophagy gene, the tumor’s reliance on low autophagy may actually enable the next generation of treatment for ovarian cancer, he said. “We knew for a long time that autophagy was very different in ovarian cancer. Normal cells in the fallopian tube and on the ovary express high levels of autophagy proteins. Yet dozens of autophagy genes are found to be deleted in a single tumor. This lack of expression helps the tumor form but may also create a weakness for new drugs to target,” Stupack agreed. “Before this tumor-suppression study, we had already shown that further clogging the cells’ recycling system killed more advanced forms of serous ovarian cancer. Now we understand why the tumors would have this vulnerability in the first place,” he added. In their prior study, the authors found that autophagy drugs killed the most difficult form of ovarian cancer. They used tumor cells from a cancer patient that were grown in mice. Chloroquine, which targets autophagy, has been tried in cancer trials. Ironically, it was used in tumors with very high autophagy levels, the exact opposite of ovarian cancer. We think that, in combination with other autophagy disruptors, chloroquine may have its best effect in a serous ovarian cancer trial because these cells are already compromised. This has yet to be attempted,” Delaney said. In the article published in PLOS Genetics Delaney and Stupack provide further rationale for why autophagy-targeting drugs should be tested in clinical trials. Given that multiple autophagy gene losses are present in nine of 10 serous ovarian cancer patients, Delaney hopes to see more research in this area. Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer deaths among women, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. “Clinical trials are expensive, and these drugs are not profit-generating because they are inexpensive and usually off-patent. We will continue to work to convince the cancer research community autophagy disruption is a worthwhile strategy. We hope to save lives.” * The presence of extra chromosomes, or missing chromosomes, is a condition called aneuploidy. The risk of having a child with an aneuploidy increases as a woman ages. For example, a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any number of complete chromosome sets is called a euploid cell. Trisomy is the most common aneuploidy. In trisomy, there is an extra chromosome. A common trisomy is trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Other trisomies include trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) and trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome). Monosomy is another type of aneuploidy in which there is a missing chromosome. A common monosomy is Turner syndrome, in which a female has a missing or damaged X chromosome. [1] Delaney JR, Patel CB, Bapat J, et al. Autophagy gene haploinsufficiency drives chromosome instability, increases migration, and promotes early ovarian tumors. PLoS Genet. 2020;16(1):e1008558. Published 2020 Jan 10. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008558 [Pubmed]
Editor's note: Gardening columnist Rett Davis will periodically address timely horticultural and environmental issues that affect our community. As my readers know, I am fascinated with persimmon trees. I see them along roads, field edges, in the woods and those that survived urban development. It is an ancient North American tree species that was around 55 million years ago when horses were small and short-legged. Because its wood is so hard, durable, smooth and non-shrinking, it was a favorite for making shuttles used in textile mills, billiard cues, golf clubs and flooring. In my opinion, its greatest value is a food source for wildlife. Anxious foxes, deer, raccoons, opossums and a plethora of bird species await this sweet and delicious fall fruit. Add to that my wife, who follows her grandmother's recipe for persimmon pudding. In today's world, our connection to the persimmon tree is for pudding and bread made from its nutritious fruit. Another way to reconnect with this treasured tree is to uncover its ability to predict winter weather. A forester taught me how over 50 years ago. Deep inside the seed of the persimmon is the cotyledon or the primary leaf that emerges soon after germination. The shape of the cotyledon is an indication of what our winter weather will be. A spoon-shaped outline predicts you will be shoveling snow this winter. A fork shape indicates a mild winter, while the shape of kitchen knife means cutting frigid winds. This year, the persimmon tree I sampled revealed the outline of a spoon. However, I am getting reports from my friends in the county that they are discovering more knife-shaped cotyledons than spoons. Perhaps the persimmon tree is using different weather models to predict the upcoming winter similar to those used by meteorologists. Trees could be the final authority on the question of climate change. After all, trees have been recording the weather in their growth rings from the day they were born. Rett Davis is a retired Alamance County Cooperative Extension Director.
Skip to main content share Share favorite Favorite From Wikipedia: Thomas Fuller Thomas Fuller was an English churchman and historian. He is now remembered for his writings, particularly his Worthies of England, published in 1662 after his death. He was a prolific author, and one of the first English writers able to live by his pen... Read More Aldwinkle St Peter's, Northamptonshire, England Died16 August 1661 (aged 52–53) Covent Garden, London, England OccupationClergyman and historian up-solid down-solid
Definitions for some of the terms I use in my writings.01-Jan-1999 Updated: 05-Apr-2005 The purpose of this glossary is to help understand terms used in my writings. It is not complete and the definitions are not formal. I plan to put a pointer to a "full service" technical dictionary here when I find one that is suitable. Please send me suggestions as well as comments on the definitions. I assembled this glossary in the 1990's and is not actively maintained so some definitions may be are stale. Other sources include: This is a collaborative effort and my preferred reference for these definitions The Jargon File. his is also known as the Hacker's Dictionary. A site rich in definitions and hyperlinks. Internet Documents are archived at the IETF but better versions are at For convenience some definitions groups (a new feature so only new groups are included_ 1xRTT A protocol for sending data packets of a CDMA network. Supports speeds up to 144 Kbps. This is part of a family of so-called 2.5G (G for Generation) protocols. GPRS is a similar protocol for GSM systems. 802.11 and Wi-Fi Popular radio protocols. Typically used as a transport for Internet Packets (IP). Think of it as simply being part of the Internet ARPANET The Advanced Research Protects Agency Network. This was the precursor to the Internet and established the viability of packet networking. While the Internet itself directly evolved from the ARPANET, the Internet represents a fundamentally different philosophy in that the transport level (the IP protocol) is decoupled from the application protocols such as TCP and UDP. BIOS Originally stood for "Basic IO System". In practice it is the code that is built into a system, especially a PC, that provides very low level services and handles the initial system start it. It takes control when the system is powered up. In more recent PC operating systems, many of the functions are taken over the the OS itself. Bluetooth Seemingly similar to 802.11 but very different in practice. The least important difference is that it uses a different kind of radio but the real difference is that the term "Bluetooth" applies to both the radio and the application protocols. Thus it is not a flexible substrate and thus it gives you the answers rather than asking what you might want to do. We work around some of this but ultimately it's limited by its design. CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. This is a more sophisticated approached based on spread spectrum (frequency hopping this case). It also demonstrated the viability of spread spectrum even though the technology itself had been around for a long time. 802.11 and Bluetooth uses flavors of spread spectrum Cellular Telephony The name comes from the innovation of using overlap "cells". In the analog (AMPS) version each phone had an assigned channel. Because of the accidental properties of FM (Frequency Modulation) each tower would only pick up the strongest signal. Thus you could increase the capacity of the network by adding antennas (or towers) and support many two-radios. This allowed the creation of cellular telephone. Today we use digital systems and more effective protocols but the idea of using cells still defines the business. See related terms. CEBus Consumer Electronics Bus. An ambitious attempt to create a protocol for home control. Unfortunately, it exhibits the fundamental flaws of creating a world unto itself and shows little understanding of the world the of IP Infrastructure. DSL Digital Subscriber Line. A general term for technologies that use digital signaling to send data over existing phone lines without affect "normal" telephone calls. Specific forms include: • ADSL. Asynchronous DSL, usually high speed from the central office to the subscriber and lower speed for the return path. • SDSL. Symmetric DSL • ISDL. Actually ISDN DSL, a form of ISDN with different gear at the central office • CDSL, or UAWG or G.Lite. Consumer DSL which doesn't require a splitter. The signal is decoded in by a DSL modem. DSL technologies use the wire from the central office to the home. See HomePNA for in-home technologies. DNS Domain Name System. This is the system used for names such as Joe.Smith.Com or London.Gov.UK. Each name is registered with the next higher level name. In this case, Smith is registered under Com. The a DNS entry can contain various "records" of information such as the IP address or how to route mail to a given system. The DNS is just a registry and says nothing about the actual location of the host or entity that is named. See RFC-1034. Domain Name A Domain Name is simply a name registered in the DNS. In some case can one use an actual IP address as in sending email to user@[]. End-to-End Argument See The End-to-End Argument for a full discussion. Very simple put, what matters is whether information is exchanged between communication applications. Reliability at the network level doesn't guarantee end to end integrity. Thus the applications must take this responsibility. At best, network reliability adds efficiency. At worst, it interferes with the applications by imposing unnecessary performance requirements. EV-DO Part of a family of so-called 3G mobile technologies. Other flavors are UMTS and EDGE (2.75G?). Currently deployed by Verizon in the United States as an upgrade for 1xRTT. Firewall This is a device (or program) that is meant to protect a local network from the rest of the Internet. See my comparison with the Maginot line for a more complete discussion. Firewire Now called IEEE-1394. Fungible This is a term from accounting that means interchangeable. When you buy corn or salt you don't care which grains you get, just how many. The same is true for bits -- the bits themselves have no special meaning. There are no Verizon bits nor SBC bits. This is the essential problem that the carriers face " since the bits have loyalty the carriers must assure the bits rid their channels and it is not in their nature to stay confined. Gordon Moore A founder of Intel best known for Moore's law. GSM Global System for Mobile communications (the actual words are French since that's a tradition for such acronyms). It is a digital system introduced in Europe in 1991. The design associated the service with a SIM card rather than the hone itself. HomePNA See the A set of technologies that allow existing phone wire within the home to be used for networking. The other created the initial version this technology working with Tut Systems. Newer, higher speed versions were created by Epigram. The technologies can coexist and interoperate. Host Name A Domain Name associated with a given computer system (or set of systems). Typically used in a mail address as in User@Host. HTML Hypertext Markup Language. It is the basic way to markup a page for the World Wide Web. For example, <b>is used to indicate bold face.</b>. The ability to create it directly without special tools has been an important factor in its widespread use and in the ability extend it. HTTP Hypertext Transport Protocol. The protocol that is used to exchange HTML between systems. It is of interest only to the very technical. IEEE-1394 (Also called Firewire) Protocol for high speed connectivity home entertainment and other audiovisual devices. Sony and Apple a prime sponsors. Unfortunately all the assumptions about the protocol are built into the physical layer. You can see the SkipStone site for more information. IETF Internet Engineering Task Force. Quoting from their site: "The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet." the Internet This is the term for the collection of local networks and their interconnection using the Internet Protocol (IP). Unfortunately the term has become popularized and is often confused with the Web and other applications. To avoid confusion, I will often refer to the "IP Infrastructure". the Internet Protocol See IP. IP Internet Protocol. This is the "low level" protocol used to transport messages on the Internet. IP Intellectual Property. Don't confuse the two uses of the acronym IP Information Provider. Less common but another use of these initials. IP Infrastructure This is a term I prefer to the Internet in order focus on the underlying technology rather than the applications that use this infrastructure. It is the layer below protocols such as TCP. IPSEC IP Security Protocol. More details. IPV4 Version 4 of IP has been the primary protocol in use since the 1970's. Unfortunately, there was a major failure of imagination and only 32 bits were set aside for the address. This leaves a limit of 4 billion addresses which is too small for the number devices we can expect on the net in the next few years. The problem is exacerbated by the need to preallocate large numbers of addresses for network management and routing purposes. IPV6 The main advantage of IP Version 6 over Version 4 is in the expansion of the address from 32 to 128 bits. With this large an address, not only are there enough addresses for many more devices, it is also easier to move devices since the routing information can be readily updated. The IPV6 Organization is focused on support V6 deployment. IR Infra-Red. Used like RF for communications but limited to line-of-sight. IrDA The Infrared Data Association. General used for protocols defined by this organization. Unfortunately IrDA protocols tend to be smart and focus on the data transport rather than enabling general connectivity. There are, however, IP over IR implementations available for connecting systems. Layer Layers are traditional way of describing protocols. The Internet inverts this paradigm by decoupling the applications from how we exhange bits. This is an insight I had since first writing this glossary over ten years ago and has not yet been integrated into the definitions. MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. This is the protocol used to extend the preexisting text-only email system so that it could be used to carry messages with formatting, images, multimedia etc. Moore's Law Based on Gordon Moore's observation that the price of semiconductors halved every 18 months. It's a bit of a cheat in that he used that rule to set Intel's prices. More generally the term is used for any example of prices of hardware dropping rapidly due to rapid development and innovation. See Intel's description for more details. Modding Modifying electronic games. Also used for hacking PC hardware for those who value form as well as function. MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group. Standards body creating compression technologies. MPEG-2 Standard for compressing video or television. See MPEG-2. MPEG-3 There is no MPEG-3, MPEG-4 is the next in the series. This left a vacuum so filled by using it as a synonym for MP3. MP3 Formally, MPEG-2 Layer III; an audio compression standard that has become the focus for making music available on the Internet. Sometimes incorrectly called MPEG-3. Corrected entry thanks to Charles Poynton No New Wires A term I started using for networking approaches that take advantage of existing wires (such as phone wires) or no wires (wireless). These approaches are aimed at enabling networking without a large upfront investment. HomePNA is a phone-wire implementation. PC In the context of these essays, it stands for personal computer. The usage is ambiguous. It usually refers to any personal computers including those from Apple. Sometimes it is used to differentiate "IBM compatible" systems from Apple systems. PSTN Public Switched Phone Network. The legacy phone network that your grandparents knew. Highly tuned for voice traffic and patched to support fax and tolerate modems. RF Radio Frequency. Generally used for wireless communications. Also see IR. It's really just a mathematical construct that the naive confuse and treat as if it were a real resource thus creating a scarcity and thwarting free speech. Used in what I now call Single Frequency Shouting RFC Request For Comments. This is the main series of memos on Internet architecture and protocols. They started out as memos for discussion and the series title helps preserve the atmosphere of open technical discussion. You can find documents in the RFC Archive. Also see STD1.TXT for the current list of standards. ZVon has the doucments with better formatting the Regulatorium A term I coined to refer to the system of regulations centered on the FCC. We need a term so that we can talk about the whole ball of wax rather than finding ourselves engulfed in it arguing within it's laws. The Regulatorium has become a reality unto itself detached from the real world. SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface. This is a standard for connecting external devices, such as disk driver and scanners to a PC. It has evolved over the years to allow fairly high speed connections. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This a very simple protocol for transferring mail. So simple that one can send mail just by connecting to the SMTP port on a machine and typing the message. See RFC-821 or RFC-821 (ZVON). for the specification. Spam A term for unsolicited email, typically sent to large distribution lists. It is like paper "junk" or bulk mail. The main difference is that since the cost is so low it tends to contain really stupid offers though not always. But the reputation tends to taint even potentially interesting information. The term derives from Hormel's Spiced Ham product via Monty Python's generalization of the term. TCP Transmission Control Protocol. This is a standard protocol to provide a reliable data connection over the IP transport. While using TCP simplifies many applications, it doesn't guarantee end to end reliability since there may be other kinds of failures. Often UDP is the preferred protocol. Tellywood Television and Hollywood are essentially the same industry these days. TLA Three Letter Acronym URL Universal Resource Locator on the World Wide Web. See the W3C site for more detailed information. UDP User Datagram Protocol. A simple protocol for sending packets over the Internet. There is no guarantee of delivery and no relationships between packets. Since this reflects the nature of the IP transport itself, UDP allows the application to define its own form of reliability without incurring the assumptions and inherent overhead associated with TCP. When sending audio, for example, there is no value in late delivery but there is the cost of the delays. UUCP Unix to Unix Copy Protocol. The protocol used to transport email (and other files) between Unix system. Originally mail would traverse many intermediate systems on its way to its destination. Most UUCP addresses no conform to the domain naming conventions. Virus A term for computer programs that can "infect" a system by installing themselves into the operating system or attaching themselves to programs. They then repeat the process on other systems. Unfortunately the term has become overused to the point of being applied to anything bad. VisiCalc The first electronic spreadsheet. Look here for more details. VoIP Voice over IP. A general term for technologies that send voice conversations over the Internet. Often used for specific technologies and services. Jeff Pulver is a good source of expertise on VoIP. Wi-Fi See 802.11. X-10 A product line and a 1970's vintage protocol for "home control". See for more details. It's advantage is that it is very simple. It's disadvantage is that it is very slow and unreliable. X.400 International Standard for Electronic Mail. Though supported internationally by essentially all the governments and telecommunications companies it failed of its own weight against the trivially simply SMTP standard. XML Extended Markup Language. Meant as a successor and/or extension to HTML. Allows more extensive description of data beyond how it should look on the screen. Is the basis for exchanging data between programs rather than just displaying it for humans.
which of the following sentences is even more correct? • There is a slow moving vehicle ahead. • there is a slowly moving vehicle ahead. What is the difference between them. To me, the second one sounds more correct as “slowly” modify moving, on the other hand the first one sound awkward as “slow” is modifying the the gerund “moving”. It means adjective cannot modify gerund, moving. • It is usually better to put the modifying adverb after the verb. I would prefer "There is a vehicle ahead moving slowly." if you want to emphasize the speed of the vehicle. "slow moving vehicle" emphasizes the kind of vehicle. – user3169 Mar 13 '18 at 1:52 They are both correct and mean almost the same thing, but with a very slight difference. There is a slow-moving vehicle ahead. By using the compound adjective "slow-moving," you are implying that moving slowly is an intrinsic property of the vehicle. It's moving slowly right now because it is the type of vehicle that usually moves slowly (e.g., a garbage truck). There is a slowly moving vehicle ahead. By using the adverb "slowly," you are really only describing the movement right now and nothing about its habitual behavior. Maybe it's an ordinary car that just happens to be moving slowly at the moment because the driver is texting on his phone or something. Which one is correct will depend on the situation and the type of vehicle you are talking about. • +1. How about There's a veehickle ahead movin kinda slow? Could it be either? – Tᴚoɯɐuo Mar 13 '18 at 21:29 In the first sentence, slow is adjective which says something about the vehicle, i.e. it is a slow vehicle. Suppose we changed the sentence a bit, then it would be clearer: There is a large reversing vehicle ahead. Then it's clear that large says something about the vehicle, whereas reversing says something about the vehicle. In the second sentence, slowly is an adverb which says something about moving, i.e. it is moving slowly. You probably want to say that there is a vehicle ahead which is moving slowly, so you should choose the last sentence: there is a slowly moving vehicle ahead. • Good answer, but maybe address which one is more correct since that was part of the question? – Element115 Mar 13 '18 at 3:31 The correct answer is There is a slow moving vehicle ahead. it meaning the vehicle is moving slowly down the street, whereas There is a slowly moving vehicle ahead. can mean that the actions of the vehicle are slow, for example a street cleaning machine, and its slow movement may be interpreted to be causing the vehicle to move down the street slowly. For example The spider slowly moved across the table The spider's movements were slow, it's legs moved slowly, and implicitly the spider crossed the table slowly also. Your Answer
British thermal unit (redirected from BTHU) British Thermal Unit The energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. It is used in the United Kingdom, the United States, and a few other countries to measure the energy used by appliances like heaters and air conditioners. In the metric system, the equivalent of the British thermal unit is the joule. It is abbreviated BTU. British thermal unit (BTU) A unit of measure of heat,used in rating the capacity of air conditioning and heating equipment.One BTU is the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
What are Management Engines and UEFI OS and why should you care? The most widely used Computer Operating system in the world is Minix. Yes, you read that correctly. Not Linux, Not Microsoft Windows and not Apple. What you also need to know is that your central processing unit has access to all your system passwords, no matter what operating system you have installed. Also, interestingly, even if you power off your computer, Minix, that is running on all Intel based cpu’s, can still run and execute instructions and yes, it even survives reboots or even if you plug your computer or server out completely. Minix can execute self adapting code, in cycles and is impossible to stop. Probably the most scary facts are that x86 cores also run a full TCP/IP networking stack, file system, drivers for usb, network and disk i/io and runs a web server for allowing remote access… Matthew Garrett, who works for Google, explained the security issues, as Intel’s Remote AMT vulnerability Writers personal experiences: After a two month visit to the USA, my Acer Aspire black box became a brick and my new black box is a much older cpu (as in 12 years older) sure it is much slower, but there is no ME, No UEFI and no issues… UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is trivial to hack. In CPU land we have “Management engines” (ME) (even AMD Rizen has a ‘black box’) and the only solutions for South African Consumers are to: (1) push for UEFI Roms with much reduced functionality (only the absolute basics) and to; (2) demand that Intel and AMD enable consumers to disable their “functionalities” which enables spyware (or vendor control/monitoring of unsuspecting consumers, at the very least) What you can do: Write and email to the National Consumer Commission and demand that they force foreign multinational companies to stop spying on Africans, to stop enabling International Governments from attacking South African Citizens and to ensure that the products they sell to unsuspecting South African Consumers do not perform undocumented functionality and that there exist options to disable the Vendor Spyware shipped to South African Consumers.: http://www.thencc.gov.za/content/working-together-create-consumer-friendly-south-africa-0 OCP/Embed/Firmware updates: Video below & ME – https://github.com/corna/me_cleaner (Follow any advice, read code before running it and always: at your own risk) – UEFI turn it into NON EXTENSIBLE (disable/remove much of it) – https://github.com/osresearch/heads/tree/nerf/
Cybersecurity Terms to Know. Position:Data page - Brief article - Glossary ANONYMIZING PROXY: Special tools that allow users to bypass security filters in order to access blocked websites. COMPILER: A program that translates source code into executable machine language. ROOT: The central nervous system of a computer or network. It can install new applications, create files and delete user accounts. Anyone with root access has ubiquitous and unfettered access. SHODAN: A search engine for connected devices, allowing hackers access to baby monitors, medical devices, thermostats and other connected devices. TOR: The Onion Router, otherwise known as... To continue reading
Simple But Fun Word Games for Groups Jupiterimages/ Images Word games are perfect for long road trips or impatient moments when you’re waiting for your food to arrive at a busy restaurant. They’ll also exercise your verbal ability and keep you on your toes. The following games require nothing but a pen and a few sheets of paper; they can be played anywhere with groups of various sizes. Bag of Nouns For this game, each player writes three or more nouns on individual scraps of paper and places the scraps in a bag or other container. The players then divide into two or more teams, and the game proceeds in three rounds. In round one, the team going first chooses a player to draw a noun from the bag. That player must then describe the noun to her teammates without saying the word; the teammates must guess the word. The first player keeps going, drawing new nouns every time the previous one is guessed, while someone times a minute. When the minute is up, the team adds up all the nouns they were able to guess and receives that many points. Then it is the next team’s turn. Round one continues until each player on each team has had a turn describing the nouns to his teammates. Round two proceeds the same way with the same bag of nouns, except players must make their teammates guess the noun simply by saying one word. Teammates should try to remember the nouns from the previous round to help them guess. In round three, players must make their teammates guess the noun without using any words at all, but by acting out the word instead. At the end of the three rounds, the team with the most points wins. Pass the Story For this game, you will need as many sheets of paper as you have players. Each player begins by writing the first paragraph of a story or narrative, and then passes her sheet of paper to the player to her right. As the stories are passed around, each player adds a new paragraph to the story, altering the course of the narrative as he wishes. When the stories have made it all the way around the circle and are back with the players who started them, take turns reading them aloud. The results are sure to amuse. Don't Finish The Word This game requires no materials at all. The player going first simply selects a letter and says it aloud. The next player must add a second letter to the first letter so that the two letters are the beginning of a word but not a finished word. For example, if the first player says the letter “A,” the second player should not say the letters “N” or “T,” because they would produce finished the words “an” or “at.” He can say the letter “G” because “Ag” is the beginning of possible words, such as agriculture or agrarian. If the third player thinks that no words begin with the letters A and G, she can challenge the second player. If the second player can name a word, however, player 3 loses a point. If a player cannot think of a letter to add to a word, or is forced to complete a word, he or she loses a point. About the Author Photo Credits • Jupiterimages/ Images
Recycling Signage Once recyclables have been removed from waste, any residual materials need to be disposed of or otherwise utilised. This has traditionally been achieved by deposition into landfill but to meet EU landfill targets the amount (and type) of material going to landfill has reduced significantly and been diverted into that produce energy and/or other products. A smaller quantity of waste is incinerated, the preferred option for disposing of some hazardous wastes. For example, clinical and chemical wastes require exposure to high temperatures to reduce or remove the hazards they pose. You should carry out a risk assessment for handling and disposing of fly-ash following incineration and implement suitable control measures. Precautions should be taken to prevent ash from becoming airborne and subsequently inhaled, so far as is reasonably practicable. Energy can be recovered from a range of organic feedstocks (biomass) by modern processing plants to generate electricity. This makes it an attractive prospect as at the same time as diverting waste material from landfill it provides economic and environmental benefits. Due to the technical nature of the processes and the composition of the feedstock there are a number of additional hazards associated with these processes. In additional to general health and safety requirements consideration of the following legislation may be required:We manufacture, stock and deliver for free a full range of Recycling signs, a complete range of recycling signs, recycling signs in rigid plastic material, recycling signs in self adhesive vinyl material, a range of energy saving signs
Air Force Pipe crawler robot A robot that can climb vertically, navigate tight bends, and operate autonomously A now-common use for robots is in pipe inspection where they identify maintenance problems unobservable to humans. Commercially available pipe crawlers are submersible, autonomous or tethered, and equipped with a variety of sensors such as a camera, vapor sensors, and positioning sensors. But, to their disadvantage, most are wheeled and struggle to progress when traveling against a high-viscosity stream flow inside a sewer or water pipe or adapt to pipe diameter changes. Air Force engineers have developed a pipe crawler robot that does not use wheels. Instead, it travels using a combination of expandable and collapsible legs powered by a built-in motor that grip the walls of the pipe and push it forward. This allows the crawler to move vertically and maneuver through 180-degree turns and S-bends. The legged design, as opposed to wheeled pipe crawlers or pneumatically actuated inchworm-like approach, gives the pipe crawler a slim profile that moves smoothly against a current. And the smaller surface area enables it to adequately address variable pipe diameters and pass through or around obstacles. The low profile and ability to navigate pipes of varying diameter make it ideal for use in navigating compromised conduits. In addition to inspections, the Air Force envisions the robotic pipe crawler being used by emergency personnel to communicate with people trapped in collapsed buildings, mine shafts, or underground facilities. Do you have questions or need more information on a specific technology? Let's talk. Contact Us
Newspaper articles Obituary of L/Cpl. John Bardgett How much was written about the the Lonsdale Battalion during the war is speculative at best, suffice to say the press would have been eager to keep the local population informed of the action overseas. A great deal can be learned from reading newspaper articles at a time of war. Throughout the First World War local and national newspapers were buzzing with stories from the front line, reporting on the happenings overseas, good or bad. On many occasions the news brought a shocking blow to the morale but there were also times of celebration, if only for short periods of time. One such minor occasion, a celebration amongst the Lonsdales, was the delivery of a football to the men on the front line, something the Chaplain had asked for to help with morale. In response he wrote: Please accept my grateful thanks for sending a football for D Company, 11th Borders. I hope we shall soon be having some inter-Company matches in the Lonsdale Battalion, when D Company, which is noted for its forcefulness and dash, will, no doubt, do as well in the football field as it is doing in the trenches. If you want to see some real ‘muddied oafs’ come here when D Company comes out of the trenches – but they are merry still. Believe me, very heartily yours. —Rev. J. W. Crosse, 3 January, 1916. Conversely, propaganda and censorship was commonplace under such circumstances. What actually happened on the battlefields wasn't always reported accurately, or even at all. Yet advertisements, films and the daily reports that portrayed the Tommies as 'brave' and 'heroic' whilst the enemy as evil and cold-blooded, was something everyone in Blighty was digesting on a daily basis. But the news wasn't just about what was happening overseas it was also about how the effects of the war had hit a struggling nation on the home front, mourning the loss of so many men where, in small towns and villages, the loss of a generation was more apparent as time went on. Many of the articles here are short, just one or two lines, some are quite lengthy. They provide a glimpse into what was happening in the trenches, the battlefields, the hospitals and also at home. Some stories are almost comical in nature, whilst some are descriptive and some heartfelt. Border country newspapers[edit] There are several Cumberland and Westmorland newspapers that tell the stories of the Lonsdales from its formation in 1914 through to their disbandment in 1918. The articles: reports on the war, notes of the week, the terrible conditions at the front, casualties and obituaries (see right), provide the reader with a glimpse into a world where hardships where a fact of life, and the horrors of war and losing your friends were a daily routine. Living day to day surrounded by death and the fear of never seeing loved ones again made the propaganda drive all the more effective as those at home learned about their sons and fathers fighting for the freedoms that many of us today take for granted. The press in recent times, however, enlighten us with stark reminders of bygone times and more often than not, heartwarming tributes of those who served over 100 years ago. The following newspapers contain Lonsdale Battalion articles spanning a combined five year period. The current number of articles/snippets are shown in brackets. For a comprehensive listing see the Cumberland and Westmorland Newspaper Index, which lists every newspaper from both counties.
Everyday Life In The Countrye of the Berici Hills In Berici Hills rural society a woman who were going to buy a baby (who were pregnant) kept working in the fields until the very last minute. Her condition was no matter of conversation, and it was only whispered about by women; she was once in a while given a glass of red wine, lest the baby was born with red marks on its skin. Baby were baptized in eight days since their birth, and were given the name of either grandparent or of a prematurely deceased relative. A child's education was up to ita mother. Its few toys were all home-made: a rag-doll, a ball made of old clothes, a toy-cart. When a child was sick it was cured with traditional remedies: against stomac-ache a piece of buteered sugar-paper was laid on its belly, against tapeworms a necklace of garlic-clovers was hung around its neck. The only "real" medicine, administered against any health disorder, was castor-oil. Children started to work at an early age: after school they would take cattle and sheep to their grazing, and when it was time of busy agricultural activity, they would help the grown-ups in the fields. With a pen-knife (roncolina) older boys would carve pieces ofwood to make slings, whistles, stopari (shooting-canes), s-ciopèì (toyguns), archìti (bird-traps). Girls would mime women's chores or play scalòto o scalòn (a game of quickly jumping on one or both feet), ball, bones (with peach-bones or pebbles). Older boys would play saltamuléta or mussa (leapfrog), scaja with a flat pebble , and baléte (little clay balls to throw with your fingers). When the years of school were over, the years of playing were over, too: boys would follow their fathers to the fields, girls would help their mothers at home. When young men received a call-up for military sevice, it was a celebration: they would carouse about the town on a cart adorned with wreaths and wine-flasks, parading their sturdiness. When a young man returned from military service, he was ready to settle down and would start to look for a morosa (fiancée) amongst the village-girls. Sunday-masses, religious processions, town fairs (where out-of-the-town men who might have shown some interest in local girls were highly unwelcomed), harvest- and vintage-time, and winter-night family meeting (filò) were all chances to do so. A few weeks before the wedding, the couple had it publicly announced on posters and local newspapers. In the meantime a taylor asserted the value of the bride's dowry: linen, a trousseau and a materass. The best time of the year for weddings was Autumn, especially on St.Martin's Day, when harvest-time was over, fowls were fat and the new wine was ready. Married couple moved to the groom's house. The groom's father still was the undisputed head of the family: he was the one who took all decisions. And as far as brides were concerned, it was their mothers-in-law who hold the mescolo (the ladle) in their hands. Country people were born at home, and they died at home. In the evening, neighbours would gather at the dead person's house to say terzeto (the third part of the rosary). All the people of the village wuld attend the funeral and would comment: "His/her troubles are over, at last". Male relatives would wear on their jacket a black button or ribbon for six months after the funeral, while women would dress completely in black; widows had to mourn for at least one year. Peasants' life through the year in Berici Hills Agriculture is the job that is the most affected by weather and other natural conditions. Peasants always observed carefully natural phenomena, in an attempt to foresee what the weather was going to be like, because "the land had to be worked when it was ready for it". Moon had its influence, too. With a waning moon you embottle wine, you sow corn, and you let hens hatch, so that chicken will be born with a waxing moon. With a waxing moon you let silk-worms make their cocoons and with the January moon you sow garlic. The most popular moon-calendar was Giovanni Spello's Pojana, which could be found hanging in every kitchen or stable. Hail was the most dreaded weather-perturbation: in a few moments it could destroy a year's work. To prevent hailing blessed candles were lit and blessed olive-branches were burned in the fireplace. Agricultural activities were planned on the blueprint of a traditonal calendar, based on the recurrent festivities of saints' days. "Good new year's day, good day, good soup, good turkeys, good appetite..." children would sing as they stopped at every household in town on New Year's Day, in order to be given the bujelo: a few nuts, some flour or a little change. On the 2nd of January it was S.Bovo's Day (Saint Ox), protector of cattle, and his blessed image would be hung on the stabledoor. The day before Epiphany (6th of January) children would hang a socket onto the mantelpiece, hoping that during the night the good old witch Befana would fill it with peanuts, carobs, dried chestnuts and maybe even an orange. In January work in the fields was suspended, but after the Blackbird's Days (the last days of January), when it was supposed to get a little warmer, it was time to start digging and pruning. On the 2nd of February, the Purification of the Madonna was celebrated, also called Candelora and Seriola, because of the blessing of candles during the ceremony, and on the following day it was S.Biagio's help that was begged for, against sore throats. It didn't mean that winter was over, anyway, yet during Carnevale the village was cheered-up by the singing and laughing of masked people, who would call at every house to receive some buns, fritters and sweets. On the first day of March bonfires were lit-up to celebrate the coming of springtime; pranksters loudly announced fake engagements for the village girls. On the 25th of March the Fair of the Madonna attracted scores of peasants to Lonigo. On Palm Sunday olive-tree branches were blessed, and this was thought to bestow some magical power on them. In April peas were hoed and corn was sown before St.Mark's Day, on the 25th, for: "if it rains on St.Mark's Day, it'll make corn grow even on rocks", and "on St.Mark, half of the polenta in the land and half in the sack". In April the whole family had to start to take care of the silkworms, which they were going to do for the following two months. In the three days before Ascension there took place the Rogazioni: the priest and altar-boys would go all around the countryside singing lithanies and blessing the fields: "A fulgore et tempestate, libera nos Domine". In May, work in the fields got harder and harder, but the evenings were dedicated to saying fioretti (little flowers), that is, saying the Rosary in the church or before road-chapels in honour of the Vergin Mary. In June corn was hoed again, vineyards had to be taken care of, and cherries were harvested. The holydays were Corpus Domini, St.Anthony with the Saw 's (13th) and St.Peter's (29th). July was the month of the great heat, cicadas but also of reaping, which was performed by all: men, women and children. In the ditches, melons and watermelons were grown, to be eventually sold in the typical straw-huts that can still be seen today. Heat started decreasing in mid-August: "San Lorenzo (10th August) is very hot, San Vincenzo (22nd January) is very cold, but they both last little"; a little shower was enough to harbinger the end of the summer: "August's rain cools down the forest". The 15th of August was Assumption Day. September was polenta-time, because maiz was harvested; the land began to be ploughed. On the 8th of September, on Madonna of Monte Berico's Day, hundreds of pilgrims walked from all over the province to the Berici Hills' shrine. In October (on October's first Sunday, Rosary Day, duck was traditionally cooked for lunch) vintage required the labour of all the family's members. After the grapes had been foot-pressed, wine was kept boiling in special tubs for a few days and then stored in barrels. Before All Saints' Day wheat had to be sown "By the Saints' thow it onto the field, by St.Martin's take it to the mill", because St.Martin's Day (11th of November) was the beginning of a new agricultural year: all payments had to be settled, rents had to be payed and those who couldn't had to "celebrate St.Martin's Day", that is, leave their houses. On the 25th of November St.Catherine's Fair was hold in Barbarano, where farming tools, wooden shoes and the new moon-calendar could be purchased. On the second day of December the weather conditions for the following two months could be foretold. In December the pig was killed, the family's most treasured possession. By then, work in the fields was basically over: everything was covered in frost and the farmer spent his time in the stable repairing tools. For Christmas a nativity scene was prepared in every house with moss and chalk figures, and a juniper-tree would be used as a christmas-tree. In the evenings from Christmas to Epiphany children with a large paper star would go from house to house singing carols (singing "the star") and would be given some flour, some food or a few coins. The year ended at the singing of "happy ending and happy beginning". Consorzio Pro Loco Colli Berici Basso Vicentino Piazza Simposio, 3 36024 NANTO (VI) Tel e fax: +39 0444/638188 Per informazioni: Seguici anche su:
Last Friday, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney said the causes of wildfires are "complex" and carbon taxes won't stop them. On Tuesday, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said a carbon tax is a way to reduce the pollution that causes extreme climate events such as wildfires. Which one of them is right? Short answer: Kenney's comments aren't false, but they are misleading, experts say. While Kenney is correct in saying that many factors lead to wildfires, the premier's comments fail to mention that the global climate emergency is worsening the frequency and intensity of wildfires, and that top economists, including two Nobel prize winners in 2018, generally agree that putting a price on carbon emissions is an effective way to slow down and eventually reverse the crisis. "It's not untrue, but it's totally missing the point," said University of Calgary climatologist Shawn Marshall, referring to Kenney's comments. Speaking in Calgary under a thick fog of smoke from fires in the northern part of the province on Friday, Kenney told reporters that Alberta has always had wildfires, and some parts of the boreal forest were overdue to burn. "They've had a carbon tax in British Columbia for 10 years. It hasn't made a difference to the pattern of forest fires there ... or in Alberta," he said. In B.C., the carbon tax introduced in 2008 by former premier Gordon Campbell's government has generally reduced emissions and affected some sectors that rely on fossil fuels, while allowing cleaner sectors to benefit. "We need to be taking real action to prevent climate change," Trudeau said Monday, referencing this spring's wildfires in western Canada. "That's why we're moving forward on a price on pollution right across the country, despite the fact conservative politicians are pushing against that." Trudeau also said natural disasters are "becoming unaffordable" for Canadians and society. "We need to act in a way that puts more money in the pockets of Canadians, which is what we're doing (with the carbon tax)," he added, referencing the rebate that means most Canadians will profit from the tax. Kenney, who said he believes in climate change, is correct that wildfire is a natural part of the life cycle of Canada's forests, said Mike Flannigan, a wildfire researcher at the University of Alberta. However, increased carbon emissions in the planet's atmosphere are causing global temperatures to warm and conditions to become more favourable to wildfires, he added. Not only does the changing climate have longer, hotter and drier summers that leave the landscape more fire-prone — which Kenney correctly noted Friday — increased temperatures also increase the likelihood of lightning that can ignite more flames. "We are seeing more fire on our landscape because of climate change," Flannigan said. Alberta Premier Jason Kenney says a carbon tax won't stop wildfires, but Prime Minister Justin Trudeau says the opposite. Which one is right? Short answer: experts say Kenney's statements aren't false, but Trudeau is more right. #cdnpoli #ableg The science of attributing catastrophes to climate change is still emerging, but a federal climate change report released in April found human activity most likely increased the risk of extreme fire weather that led to the devastating 2016 Fort McMurray wildfires. Speaking in Vancouver Monday, Trudeau correctly said that climate crisis-linked natural disasters are costing Canadians more money. Some wildfire damage happens because more humans are living, working and spending their free time in forested areas than ever before as urban sprawl expands, but climate change is also a crucial factor, Flannigan said. Marshall said it's also important to note that carbon emissions are a global-scale problem. The climate crisis affects the entire planet, not just regions with particularly high emissions. Even though B.C. has had a carbon tax for a long time, the world's overall levels of greenhouse gases have increased — carbon taxes don't directly address individual wildfires, but reducing our carbon emissions might help reduce the number and intensity of future catastrophes, Marshall added. "The bigger picture is that climate change is global, and it's this huge runaway freight train that no one jurisdiction is going to be able to stop." It's also correct to say that lowering Alberta's emissions, in the absence of any other global action, would represent a small fraction of the total carbon pollution in the atmosphere. But from a political standpoint, many countries have been reluctant to take action on their own if other large polluters such as the U.S. and China are not participating. Canada has also been a key player in global climate negotiations as one of top 10 global emitters of carbon pollution and one of the top 10 producers of oil. Alberta also holds the world's third largest reserves of crude oil after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela and the province has tens of thousands of jobs that depend directly on fossil fuels. Kenney's office declined to comment. The premier's past statements on the climate crisis are important backdrop to his comments Friday, said Kathryn Harrison, a political scientist at the University of British Columbia who studies climate policy. Kenney has questioned the degree to which humans are contributing to the global climate emergency. During this spring's Alberta provincial election, one of the candidates for Kenney's United Conservative Party was revealed to have called climate change "mythology" on social media. In response, Kenney said he believes in climate change but there's a "spectrum of views" on the phenomenon and he won't remove candidates who don't believe in it (the candidate, Karri Flatla, did not win her seat). And last week, Kenney came under fire for eliminating Alberta's carbon tax without replacing it with another program aimed at reducing the province's overall emissions. A growing number of studies have proven a carbon tax can be effective, Harrison added. "(Wildfires are) the sort of thing that we know climate change exacerbates," said Harrison. "The mere fact that (Kenney is) making that statement, I think, is calling out to members of his party who reject the scientific consensus on human-caused climate change." Nathan Myers said, "And do you actually think, you're going to see the major polluters all of a sudden stop? " By this logic, once a serial killer has made a series of kills we should ignore the problem because he/she won't want to stop. Well said......penny pinching and pound foolish conservative rhetoric has to avoid the big reality you explain so threatens their status quo How is a tinderbox that "complex" to understand Kenney? Maybe he can't comprehend it himself. Give up the charade.
fennel seedLactose intolerance is a common condition that occurs when the digestive system is unable to completely digest lactose, the specific type of sugar found in milk and milk products. As a result of this, if a person who is lactose intolerant takes dairy, they experience a wide range of symptoms usually within a few hours of consumption. Some of the most common symptoms associated with lactose intolerance include bloating, diarrhea, stomach cramps, excessive flatulence (gas in the stomach) as well as a general sickly feeling. The severity of these symptoms is often dependent on the amount of lactose ingested. Some individuals may be able to consume small amounts of dairy without any severe symptoms, while others may not even be able to take yogurt. While lactose intolerance is often harmless, its range of symptoms causes great discomfort. Research shows that low amounts of lactase in the digestive system are to blame for the condition. Lactase is the enzyme that is responsible for the breaking down of milk to lactose so that it is absorbed with ease in the digestive system. In the absence of this enzyme, lactose passes through the colon undigested, resulting in the aforementioned symptoms. The good news is that there are a number of home remedies available for the natural management of lactose intolerance. It is important, however, to get medical diagnosis as the symptoms of lactose intolerance may be an indication of an underlying disease such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (abbreviated IBS). While there is no specific cure for this condition, the home remedies mentioned below help deal with the symptoms and provide much-needed relief. In line with this, the time-tested solution to this management involves avoiding or limiting intake of dairy and dairy products. Take note however, that lactose may be present even in foods that are not typically dairy. These include cereals, crepes and cream soups among others. NOTE: Lactose intolerance must not be confused with an allergy to milk. Food allergies, and indeed allergic reactions to milk consumption involve the immune system’s reaction to the presence of dairy in the body. The symptoms of an allergic reaction to milk include, but are not limited to intense itching, wheezing and skin rash. 1. Identify Your Lactose Threshold: Time Required: Varies from one person to another. What You Need: Food guide that indicates the amount of lactose in a specific food item. Difficulty: Easy Lactose threshold, by definition, refers to the amount of lactose that one can take before their symptoms manifest. This is an important aspect in the home management of lactose intolerance because the threshold levels vary from one person to another. To put this in perspective, person A may be able to take 2 glasses of milk after which, any more milk will cause the symptoms to appear. Person B on the other hand, may only be able to take 1/2 a glasses of milk after which the symptoms will fare up. The threshold levels for the two are 2 glasses and half a glass respectively. It is important to add, at this point, that research studies carried out by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) shows that many people who are lactose intolerant are, on average, able to take up to 12 grams of lactose at a go, particularly when the source of dairy is accompanied with other foods. This must only be used as a guide because this value varies among individuals. In line with this, use the tips below to help find your lactose threshold for the natural management of lactose intolerance. Tips on How to Find and Use your Lactose Threshold: 1. To assess your intolerance levels, you first need to steer clear of all lactose for a period of a month. This is key because it helps in eliminating traces of lactose in the body. 2. After a month, work on re-introducing small amounts of milk and monitor the onset of symptoms. 3. Start by taking 1/4 glass of milk for a couple of days, and gradually increase this amount as the days go by. 4. Determine the amount of lactose that you can take without any of the symptoms manifesting. The value you get is your lactose threshold. As mentioned above, there are great variations from one person to another, so this is a very personalized remedy. 5. In addition to finding your threshold levels, it is also important to choose small servings of dairy products in the event that these do not cause digestive problems. 2. Cheese and Yogurt: Time Required: Varies among individuals. What You Need: Probiotic yogurt and full-fat cheese. Difficulty: Easy Depending on your lactose threshold levels, you may be able to take milk products as these generally have a lower amount of lactose, and therefore do not trigger the full blown symptoms of the condition. As a general guide, full-fat options are preferable because they typically contain less lactose when compared to their low-fat options. Additionally, the full-fat variety is preferred because the presence of fat allows for the slow passage of lactose in the digestive tract. Consequently, there is a delayed onset of the symptoms, and even when they do manifest, they tend to be minimal. Consider adding probiotic yogurt to your diet. This is a type of yogurt that is rich in live cultures. Live cultures are simply bacterial populations whose function is similar to that of natural bacteria found in the gut. These bacterial populations play a key role because they aid in the breakdown of lactose so that it passes through the intestines without causing discomfort. Cheese on the other hand, is recommended simply because it has low levels of lactose. It may be consumed in varying amounts depending on one’s lactose threshold levels. 1. Take probiotic yogurt at least once daily. Greek yogurt is also recommended because it contains lower levels of lactose. During its production, whey protein is eliminated from the yogurt and this ensures there’s very little lactose. 2. Add the yogurt to salads or cereals for a refreshing bowl of healthy goodness. 3. Some of the cheese options recommended include Swiss cheese, aged cheddar cheese as well as full-fat cottage cheese. 3. Add Healthy Milk Substitutes: Time Required: Varies depending on the source of non-dairy milk. What You Need: Healthy milk substitutes. Difficulty: Easy For those with low lactose threshold levels, it helps to look for healthy substitutes to use in place of dairy milk. Some of the most popular options include soy milk, oat milk, hemp milk and almond milk. Rice milk is also a popular milk substitute, and may prove beneficial for persons affected by lactose intolerance. In addition to these substitutes, it helps to swap butter for plant-based options. Butter is a dairy product which may cause abdominal discomfort for those who are lactose intolerant. Coconut oil is a perfect substitute for butter. Follow the tips below to get the most of milk substitutes. Tips for Using Milk Substitutes: 1. Depending on one’s tolerance levels and personal preferences, any of the substitutes may be used in place of milk. The best way to go about this is to add the substitutes in place of milk in different foods such as puddings and pastries. If there is no discomfort or reaction, you may consider taking the milk substitutes in their natural form. 2. Start small and gradually increase the amounts of the milk substitutes to as much as is comfortable. 4. Apple Cider Vinegar: Time Required: 5 Min What You Need: 2 Teaspoons of apple cider vinegar and a glass of warm water. Difficulty: Easy Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is one of the best natural remedies for the management of conditions affecting the digestive system. When used for lactose intolerance, the ACV helps with the digestion and breakdown of the lactose. Additionally, it helps reduce bloating in the stomach. The guide to using ACV is to make sure that the solution is diluted. Used in its raw form, ACV may cause irritation of the digestive system. Water is added to retain its healing properties in a form that does not cause irritation. 1. Place two teaspoons of Apple cider vinegar in a glass and pour in the warm water. 2. Stir to mix the two and drink. 3. Use this remedy at least thrice daily to alleviate the symptoms of lactose intolerance. 5. Lactase Supplements: Time Required: 5 Min What You Need: Lactase supplements. Difficulty: Easy Lactase supplements, just as the name suggests, are tablets that are used to increase the levels of lactase in the body. When this amount is increased, the body is better placed to breakdown lactose so that there is a significant reduction in the symptoms presented. To get the most benefits from these supplements, it is recommended that they are taken during mealtimes, particularly with foods that contain lactose. Follow the simple steps below to use lactase supplements effectively. NOTE: Lactase supplements are not recommended for children and expectant women. Additionally, their efficiency varies from one person to another. 1. Take 2 tablets of the lactase supplements just before consuming foods that have lactose. 2. Alternatively, add a lactase supplement to half a liter of milk and then drink immediately. 6. A Balanced Diet: Time Required: Varies depending on the specific foods. What You Need: A balanced diet with calcium-rich foods. Difficulty: Easy One of the biggest concerns for people who suffer from lactose-intolerance is how to maintain calcium levels in the body seeing as milk is a key source of calcium. The good news is that the reduction of dairy and dairy products in one’s diet does not necessarily mean that one cannot get adequate calcium. By taking a balanced diet and increasing the intake of foods rich in Calcium, the body is able to get enough nutrients. In doing so, it also helps to take enough Vitamin D as this is one of the key nutrients found in fortified milk. Listed below are great foods to include in one’s diet and make up for the deficiency of Calcium and Vitamin D. 1. Food sources that are rich in Calcium include spinach, oranges, broccoli and salmon. Some milk substitutes also have a high concentration of Calcium, most notably rice milk and soy milk. 2. Some of the foods that are rich in Vitamin D include liver, eggs and yogurt. Exposure to natural sunlight is also important as it helps the body synthesize Vitamin D. 7. Fennel Seeds: Time Required: 15 Min What You Need: 1 Teaspoon of fennel seeds, 1 glass of hot water and a strainer. Difficulty: Easy Use fennel seeds to manage the symptoms of lactose intolerance once they manifest. The seeds’ active ingredients help reduce abdominal discomfort by eliminating the excessive flatulence, which is one of the condition’s main symptoms. Fennel seeds also have anti-inflammatory properties that work on reducing the pain experienced. You may either chew on the seeds or prepare fennel tea when preparing this remedy. 1. Add one teaspoon of the fennel seeds to a glass containing hot water and let the seeds steep for 10 minutes. 2. Strain the tea and drink it thrice daily. 3. Alternatively, chew on the fennel seeds after taking a meal containing lactose. 8. Raw Ginger: Time Required: 20 Min What You Need: Raw ginger, a grater, a glass of hot drinking water and lemon juice. 1 teaspoon of raw organic honey (optional) Difficulty: Easy Add raw ginger to your arsenal of home remedies for the natural management of lactose intolerance. Ginger is excellent at relieving gastrointestinal discomfort that typically arises from the body’s inability to digest lactose. This remedy is also excellent at relieving gas build-up and reducing the pain associated with the condition. Prepare ginger tea by following the steps listed below. You may add honey to act as a natural sweetener as raw ginger has a very distinct taste. 1. Peel and clean the raw ginger then proceed to grate it. Grating increases the surface area for the release of the active ingredients, making the remedy more effective. 2. Transfer the grated ginger to the glass of hot water. 3. Let the ginger steep for 10 minutes and then stir in the lemon juice and honey. 4. Take this ginger tea thrice daily to easily manage lactose intolerance. 9. Herbal Teas: Time Required: 15 Min What You Need: Choice herbal teabag such as peppermint or chamomile and 1 cup of hot water. Honey (optional). Difficulty: Easy Herbal teas are recommended for the natural treatment of lactose intolerance for two reasons. The first is that they are not prepared using milk, and the second is that they have excellent healing properties. Chamomile tea for instance, is rich in tannins that reduce the pain and inflammation in the stomach, while neutralizing the stomach acid to provide relief. Peppermint tea on the other hand, helps soothe the irritated stomach. Peppermint is also rich in menthol which has a positive effect on the digestive tract. 1. Take your preferred teabag and steep it in hot water for 5 minutes. 2. Add the honey and stir the tea before drinking. 3. Take these herbal teas thrice daily to help treat lactose intolerance naturally. Cumin seeds are also an excellent option for lactose intolerant persons. In addition to these remedies, it is very important to check product labels as processed foods may contain lactose. Common foods in this category include salad dressings, breads, candies, chocolates and breakfast cereals.
How Cryptocurrency Is Changing Gaming 11 min Virtual economies have always been a little strange. In-game markets in World of Warcraft, for example, are purportedly disconnected from the economies of the real world. And yet, items within these worlds do have real value. Note the massive marketplace for skins for Counter-Strike. People are willing to pay actual non-game currencies for these products, as publicized in multiple high-value item trades in the past and an on-going marketplace for items. These virtual economies are also affected by the economic forces that shape the real world. Things like inflation, runs, supply and demand and currency devaluation all take place. While gamers might be at the mercy of those running the economic show, they also have a far greater voice in how the marketplace runs. Changes to the economies of nations are not easy to make for those outside the spheres of power, but gamers can agitate for modifications within their own marketplaces and have an actual effect. Several parallels can be drawn to the world of cryptocurrency. Just like virtual economies, cryptocurrencies are marketplaces based on the value of non-tangible items. The value comes from the agreement between two people that the coin is worth something. Therefore, it does have value. This is actually the same thing that gives currencies like the United States dollar and the Euro their value. Traders agree that they are worth so and so much money. The marketplace agrees that a certain amount of a given currency can by a given product. And as a result, this value is the “true” value of the currency. Just as in the world of gaming, the value is assigned not based on the cost of creation, but on the mutually agreed upon valuation between two people working together. The Merger of Gaming and Cryptocurrency Cryptocurrency is also starting to infiltrate the world of gaming economies. Because coins are easy to transfer between users and have the same value regardless of geographic reasons, international games with marketplaces open to peer-to-peer trading have begun to see value in adopting the use of cryptocurrencies in their marketplaces. Ease of transfer is one of the unique improvements of cryptocurrencies over so-called fiat currencies, as currencies administered by governments are known. Of the many benefits touted by cryptocurrency boosters is the ease of securely transferring value between two mutually distrustful parties. The infrastructure of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin includes a system, called the blockchain for independently and publicly holding and verifying transactions. With the infrastructure for transferring value in place as part of the currencies, users can transfer value without the need for a third party payment processor or value store like a bank. Furthermore, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin hold the same value regardless of the geographic region that players live in. When using fiat currencies, trading with international players can be challenging enough to be either impossible or just highly inconvenient. Chinese players want to trade in Renminbi, European players want the Euro, American players want US Dollars, Indian players want rupees and Russian players want Rubles. Through in the dozens of single-nation currencies that you’ve never even heard of (The Macedonian Denar, perhaps?) and the problem is overwhelming. Furthermore, users might not be able to easily tell whether the price in a foreign currency is the price they want to pay in their local currency. Add currency conversion fees from payment processors and it quickly becomes an unwieldy process that most players would rather avoid. This can lead to certain fiat currencies becoming the de facto standard currency in the world, and that role often falls to the stable and widely-traded United States Dollar. Cryptocurrencies can replace that mess. By using one cryptocurrency as the official currency in-game, it’s possible to run the economy with no need for currency conversion. It simplifies the transfer and valuation process, and might even lead to fewer in-game scams on users with unfamiliar currencies. Of course, the downside is that the value of Bitcoin changes like lightning, meaning that the cost is difficult to know as a fixed value. Games can use tools in trading windows to translate the value of cryptocurrency to the users preferred local currency, and apply rules such that the value at the start of the trade is the same as the value at the end of the trade, cutting down on some dishonest users. Gamification of Forex Trading The trading of cryptocurrency itself is also starting to merge with gaming. Just as gaming platforms are considering adopting cryptocurrencies for trading between players, cryptocurrency trading platforms are adopting concepts from games to improve the trading experience. Forex, or foreign exchange market, is a marketplace for trading fiat currency and cryptocurrency. At the best of times, Forex platforms have the look of a cross between a giant sudoku puzzle and the mathematics homework that nightmares are made of. So when you think about it, it lends itself particularly to concepts of gamification. All the best Forex trading platforms offer what could be described as a game mode, where you can get involved in all the action of trading, using real-world data, but without risking any money. Of course, that means there’s nothing to lose, but it also means nothing to gain. The point is, however, that these demo accounts are a great way to learn the ropes. You can experiment with different levels of risk, and perhaps develop some Forex day trading strategies that work as well in practice as they do in theory. There’s a natural crossover in demographics for cryptocurrency and gaming. The same computer nerds that love Bitcoin might also love EVE Online or World of Warcraft. So it’s natural to see the two markets trading ideas from one another. Over time, we’re sure to see more merger between cryptocurrency and gaming. 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B1 Intermediate UK 27837 Folder Collection Report Subtitle Errors Hi, my name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson I'm going to show you some easy tricks, when using countable and uncountable nouns, okay? So first let's just do a quick review. What is a noun? In English, a noun, usually refers to a person, place, or a thing. Nouns can actually be classified in many, many different ways. We have proper nouns and common nouns and so on. But for the purpose of this lesson, we're going to focus on one way of classifying nouns, which is whether we can count them or not. Now that can cause a little bit of confusion, because sometimes you're not sure if a nouns is something you can count or not. The ones you can count are usually pretty obvious, the ones that we call "non-count" or "uncountable nouns" are not so obvious, and therefore they cause a little bit of confusion for English learners. So I'm going to show you a way that you can distinguish between them, and also a way that you can use them correctly afterwards in sentences, okay? So let's look at the board. First of all, let's look at some examples of countable nouns. Countable nouns are things you can count, like: "chair/chairs", "table/tables", "books", "shops", "markers", "shirts", okay? They can be singular or plural, all right? And usually the plural form has an "s", so those are the countable nouns. The uncountable nouns or the non-count nouns are ones which only have the singular form. They don't have a separate plural form, okay? So we can't say "sugar" and "sugars". We can only say "sugar", "furniture" "equipment", "information", "advice", or "rain". So these are examples of non-count nouns. So what causes confusion for people is to know when do I say "many"? Can I say "many information"? "Much information"? "Much markers"? "Many markers"? This causes a lot of confusion for a lot of students, so I'm going to try to show you a little trick that will help you to know when to say "many" - "much" or what you can do if you don't want to make a mistake at all. So let's look at what we can use first with the "countable nouns". With countable nouns -- only -- you can use "a." Like you can say "a chair", "a book". You can say "many shops", "many shirts", "many shops", "many shirts". You can say "few tables" or "a few chairs." Any of these you can use only with countable nouns. Let's look on the other side here. These you can only use with the uncountable nouns. For example, "much" -- "much information", "little information", "a little bit of sugar". These three which I've listed here under the "non-count", you can only use with the uncountable nouns. Some people find that very confusing. So here's the trick! The trick is you don't have to use this or this. If you use anything from this column, you could actually use them for the countable nouns and the uncountable nouns and you'll be grammatically perfect. So, if you're not 100% sure what you can do? Be safe! Use something from here and it works for the countable nouns and the uncountable nouns. Let's see what those words are. We can say "the" -- "the information", "the book". It works. "Some equipment", "some shirts" -- it works for both. "I don't have any sugar in the house." or "I don't have any tables." "No, there is no equipment at the office." "There are no books on the table." It works for both countable and non-countable. We can say, "I have a lot of markers of different colors." Or "I have a lot of advice for you." Again, countable or uncountable. "We have lots of chairs in the classroom." "We have lots of furniture in the shop." "Enough" can also be used, or the last one, "plenty of." "We have plenty of sugar. Don't worry." "We have plenty of books in the library." So, if you're not sure which adjective or article to use with the countable and non-countable nouns, use something from this column and you'll always be right, okay? So if you want to practice this, there are two things you can do. First, you can go to our website, engvid.com, and do a quiz on this particular topic. You could also go to the Resources section of the same website, engvid.com. There you'll find a list of the countable and non-countable nouns, and some of these terms, everything listed for you. You can download that for your reference, okay? So good luck with your English, and thanks very much for watching. Bye for now. Learn English for free www.engvid.com You must Log in to get the function. English Grammar Tricks - Countable & Uncountable Nouns 27837 Folder Collection Zenn published on April 2, 2013 More Recommended Videos 1. 1. Search word 2. 2. Repeat single sentence Repeat the same sentence to enhance listening ability 3. 3. Shortcut 4. 4. Close caption Close the English caption 5. 5. Embed Embed the video to your blog 6. 6. Unfold Hide right panel 1. Listening Quiz Listening Quiz! 1. Click to open your notebook
From 2010.igem.org (Difference between revisions) (Plasmids and strains) Line 91: Line 91: ; References ; True and Lindquist, 2000, Nature, 407: 477-483 ; semicolon : plus term : colon plus definition Revision as of 17:26, 27 October 2010 Follow us: Valencia iGEM Team Facebook Valencia iGEM Team Twitter Our main sponsors: Our institutions: Visitor location: » Home » The Project Regulating Mars temperature using a prionic switch How the prion work? Schematic explanation on prionic systems. Fungal prions Prionic switch • Forward actagtagcggccgctgcagATGTCGGATTCAAAC • Reverse tctagaagcggccgcgaattcTCCTGCAGTGGCTTG How the prionic switch works? Explanation on how does the prionic switch fuction. It is important to note that the rate of the change of conformation is not equal to zero even at optimal growth conditions, and that not all the cells become [PSI+]. The rate of spontaneous activation of the switch is thought to be around 10-6 or 10-7 (Alberti et al., 2009, Cell, 137: 146-158). This process is promoted under heat stress (Tyedmers et al., 2008), probably because of the important role of heat shock proteins like Hsp104 in the formation and maintenance of the amyloid fiber (Halfmann et al., 2009, Trends in Cell Biology). These approximate rates will have very important implications for the yeastworld model that we briefly describe in the following subsection, and with more detail in the Modelling section. Introduction to the Yeastworld A model population of yeast containing the prionic switch growing under low temperatures would contain a pool of [psi -] (black) cells and a minimal amount of [PSI+] (white) cells. The high proportion of black yeasts will cause an increase of the planet mean temperature (as can be deduced by the Microbial Albedo Recorder section of the project). As we explained in the section above, when the temperature is high enough, the prionic switch will tend to become activated. Then, there will be a much higher proportion of non-melanic [PSI+] cells. In addition to the underlying molecular tendency, the black cells will be selected against in this situation, because of the increasing of their inner temperature, in comparison to the white cells, that will provoke a reduction of their growth rate. The white cells, on the other hand, have an intrinsic protection against overheating due to their higher albedo. Thus, these cells will grow faster and become more and more abundant. The eventual high proportion of white cells will lead to an increase of the planetary albedo effect and a decrease of the mean temperature. This situation will become autoregulated and reach an equilibrium through several oscillatory cycles. The background and the dynamics of this process can be regarded with much more detail in the Modelling section of the project, but the conclusion is quite remarkable: a pleasant equilibrium temperature of about 30ºC. Experimental procedure Plasmids and strains As we mentioned in the Components subsection, the switch is formed by two different parts, which were handled independently. The prionic transcription activator was inserted into a multicopy (2μ) constitutive vector. The construct is called PG1-NMGR526 (Fig 1: Schena and Yamamoto, Science, 241: 965-967; see its card in Addgene). The GRE+reporter portion was cloned into another multicopy vector, naming the construct pL2/GZ (Fig 2:; Kimura et al., Science, 268: 1362-1365); see its card in Addgene). The plasmids were cloned into chemically competent BL21 Star E. coli cultures (read more about this bacterial strain in its Invitrogen manual). The cultures were grown overnight at 37ºC and then the plasmids were isolated. Finally, yeast strain 5523 ([psi-]) was transformed using the lithium acetate protocol we describe in XXXXXX. The yeast strain 5523 has several auxotrophies (genotype ade1-14(UGA), trp1-289(UAG), his3Δ-200, ura3-52, leu2-3,112) and the NM domains of Sup35 deleted from the background 74D-694 [PSI+] (read more about the obtaining of this strain in True and Lindquist, 2000, Nature, 407: 477-483). True and Lindquist, 2000, Nature, 407 plus term colon plus definition
Books are still the real source of knowledge-Guizhou Police College Make Home Page Add to Favorite HOME \| About GZPC \| News and Events \| Administration & Academics \| English Learning \| Services Current Location: HOME>>English Learning>>English Reading>> English Learning English Reading Legal English Policing English English Study Guides Laws and Regulations of P.R.China Books are still the real source of knowledge 2019-09-14 09:11 审核人： Input: Yu Pin Source: By Wang Kan \| China Daily \| Editor's note: With an increasing number of Chinese people, especially youngsters, getting addicted to watching short video clips on their smartphones, reading seems to have become a dying hobby. Books are not only the most powerful source of knowledge, they also open people's minds to new, innovative ideas and give flight to their imagination. How can more people be encouraged to read books? Two experts share their views on the issue with China Daily's Wang Kan. Excerpts follow: Create atmosphere to promote reading In a broader sense, newspapers, magazines, even online articles offer reading materials. But more strictly speaking, reading means reading books. And since reading books seems to be going out of fashion, it has raised people's concerns. The annual national reading survey shows people's reading habits have barely changed over the past several years. The survey says about 59 percent of the adults in China read books, with one adult, on average, reading 4-5 books a year. This means a large number of people don't read, and those who do so read only a few books a year. An equally worrying fact is that even students, teenagers in particular, seem to be avoiding books as they spend more time and energy swiping through videos. There are many reasons why fewer people today read books. To begin with, given the fast-changing social atmosphere, many people today tend to spend time on hobbies other than reading. In addition, many senior family members have become indifferent to reading, thereby failing to inculcate the love for books among their children and grandchildren. So senior family members, parents in particular, should create an atmosphere that would prompt their children to read books. The lack of public libraries, too, might be responsible for the falling number of readers. For example, China has less than 3,300 public libraries, compared with more than 160,000 in the United States. And unlike countries such as the US and Britain which promote reading among communities, China lacks a well-established public service system to provide books for readers. There is an inherent link between reading books and national development. The more the people read, the better they can propel China's reform and development. Individual reading, even if scattered, can help strengthen Chinese values and culture. Therefore, to encourage more people to read books, newspapers and magazines, governments at all levels should improve the existing public libraries, especially in rural areas, and set up community bookstores. The governments should also create diversified digital and public welfare platforms for readers and hold promotional activities, especially in the western region, to popularize reading. And publishing houses should focus on printing books that are good both in content and production value to attract more people to books. Wei Yushan, director of Chinese Academy of Press and Publication Fragmented knowledge prevents development That reading habits have changed can be gauged from the amount of time young people spend swiping through short videos on their smartphones. Perhaps they do so because they are accustomed to the habit since childhood. Some people claim the short videos contain a lot of information, and are easier to browse through. But, compared with books, the short videos have fragmented and incoherent contents, which could affect people's understanding of a subject. At best, they can be called "fast-food reading". There is a need, therefore, to find novel, attractive ways to guide the younger generation toward books, so they can discover the charm of reading. Reading articles and short posts on smartphone screens could mean that people today are exposed to more reading materials than before. But since the contents are fragmented and inconsistent, such people may not be able to gather adequate knowledge on any one subject. Reading plays an important role in integrating knowledge and achievement, and influences social development. But fragmented knowledge could prevent us from thinking logically or acting in a pragmatic manner. A country's true development is measured in terms of its philosophical, scientific and technological development. Cultural development, too, plays a role in a country's overall development. But without the help of books, people cannot take these developments forward. In order to encourage people to read more books, the government should take measures to educate the public about the advantages of serious reading, and Chinese publishers should learn from the experiences of their foreign counterparts to publish books that not only have rich contents but also can attract more readers. Publishers should also set up foundations that can recommend valuable books, especially for students. Moreover, government departments could set some special days for theme-based reading in order to encourage more people to read books. Li Yan, deputy general manager of China Publishing and Media Holdings Co Ltd The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily. 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Article Image IPFS News Link • WAR: About that War The Real Cause of World War II Was the Allies Deception of Germany with the 1918 Armistice... • https://www.paulcraigroberts.orgPaul Craig Roberts John Wear and many other historians including David Irving have shown Churchill and Roosevelt's guilt for World War II. Suvorov has made a strong case that Stalin also was guilty. The guilt of these three notwithstanding, it was the allied deception that coerced Germany into the Versailles Treaty that made WWII inevitable. The British economist John Maynard Keynes clearly understood this as did Lenin who described the Versailles Treaty as a bomb waiting to explode Europe, an event of which Soviet Russia intended to take advantage. Germany did not lose WW I on the battlefield. When the war ended, Germany occupied enemy territory. The war ended when Germany, believing American President Woodrew Wilson's promise of no territorial loss and no reparations, asked for an armistice. Germany requested an armistice for two reasons: The entry of the US into the war, which brought fresh troops into the conflict, and rebellion at home. German sailors mutinied and leading German cities, such as Cologne and Hamburg established soviets demanding the end of the war and the abdication of the Kaiser. The German military concluded that these conditions precluded a successful continuation of the war. Purse.IO Save on All Amazon Purchases
Definitions for "Green" Keywords: unripe, ripe, grassy, immature, roasted Keywords: mown, golf, manicured, grass, putter 1. Aq color. 2. A term used for green flag. (aka: "putting green", "putting surface", "dance floor") the most closely mown and smooth area on the course. Specifically prepared for putting and on which the hole is placed/cut. Example: "Once you're on the green it is within the rules to mark, lift, clean and replace your ball." Fresh from the brewery and not yet matured in the cellar. Most beers come to no harm at all by being left for at least a week before tapping. (See Cask Conditioned) Having a sickly color; wan. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Keywords: album, lescher, bmcv, b'z, songwriter Green is R.E.M.'s sixth album, and their debut major label release for Warner Bros., released in November 1988. Green are a power pop band from Chicago created by songwriter/singer Jeff Lescher. Sprung from the mid-80's mod-revival movement in Chicago that was ignited mostly by the efforts of Lescher and his band along with the promotional work of Sue Miller, owner of Chicago's indie rock venue Lounge Ax. In 1990, Green released an EP called R.E.M., this is after the band R.E.M. released an album called Green. GREEN is the twelfth album by Japanese hard rock band B'z, released on July 3, 2002. The catalogue code for this album is BMCV-8005. Global Rivers Environmental Education Network Building or Green Design: Building design that yields environmental benefits, such as savings in energy, building materials, and water consumption, or reduced waste generation. A term meaning compliance with the RoHS directive, lead-free, and have limitations on other substances. Keywords: inexperience, adj, good, due, ring adj. Not good due to inexperience. Not good due to inexperience in the ring. Unsintered (not sintered); for example: green compact, green density, green strength. A term that refers to an object that has not been sintered. Keywords: friendly, wily, underhanded, pok, mon Friendly forces A product that is environmentally-friendly. Green, called in the Japanese version, is a fictional character in the manga series PokÃ©mon Adventures. She is a wily, underhanded con artist, who begins as a minor character but later becomes a friendly ally to the heroes. Green can be cash in a poker game and also a term for the chip that is monetarily worth €25 and coloured green in most casinos. Green is the most common color for $25 chips, also known as a Quarter. The most common colour used for $25 chips. A young wine with too much acidity. Agrimony, Angelica, Barberry, Bayberry, Betony, Coltsfoot, Comfrey, Dock, Fennel, Foxglove, Goldenrod, Horsetail, Marjoram, Mullein, Rosemary, Sage, Salsify, Sunflower, Tansy, Woad and Yarrow. a peaceful space to look upon, throw a Frisbee, play tag or simply relax Peace. Tranquillity. The Earth. Money. A journey. Good news. Astrological parallel: Taurus. Keywords: teal "#008000" Teal"#008080" Keywords: ketamine Line A no-man's-land created in Beirut during the 1975 Civil War by the forward lines of advance of the contending forces. The vegetation that grew in this abandoned area gave rise to the name Green Line. In 1987 it still separated Christian East Beirut from Muslim West Beirut. areas with substantial vegetation like a forest, orchard, or vineyard Keywords: plague The smallest of females and the males, greens are known to be moody. Green firelizards can lay eggs but are very careless with their clutches and most of the eggs are lost to tunnel snakes. Keywords: cheque, casinos, dealer, slang, gaming A cheque with a house value of $25.00. Dealer slang for $25 gaming cheques which in most casinos are green. Keywords: tincture, vert, plenty, vitality, hope (vert) - This tincture represents hope, vitality and plenty. Keywords: envy, result the result of envy Green Road is the terminus of the Green Line branch of the Cleveland Rapid in Shaker Heights, Ohio. Keywords: uml, plugin, eclipse, tripping, diagram Green, an Eclipse plugin, is an advanced yet simple UML class-diagram tool, developed primarily for student use. It does live round-tripping, so it's easy to move between diagram and code views. It's extensible: users can define their own relationships Line name given to the 1949 Armistice lines that constituted the de facto borders of pre-1967 Israel. Keywords: audience, stage, visible, part The part of the stage seen by the audience The part of the stage visible to the audience. for lonely men seeking female companionship Keywords: unhealthy, gills, pale, you're, looking Keywords: squad, reloading, mates, ready, convey Term used to convey to squad mates that you have completed reloading (note that you are not GREEN until you are completely ready to fire. an environmentalist who belongs to the Green Party Keywords: ringback, emulate, tones, coin, return Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones Keywords: rubbery, still, cured, resin, moisture Resin which has not completely cured and is still rather soft and rubbery. Wood which still contains its original free moisture. Someone active in the Ecology Movement. A product that respects ecology, using biodegradable substances for example. In SmoothWall terminology, green identifies the Protected Network. aper - is used by the Government to consult about future policies. a key partner to many government contractors because of its tremendous ability to fill connector requirements promptly at excellent prices Keywords: seasoned, juices, timber, dry, old Is a mortgage backed securities term which indicates mortgages which are not seasoned yet. Typically, a mortgage that is less than 30 months old is considered green. Keywords: went, walk, recreational, urban, park an active dragon like the hyperactive child of the family Keywords: washington, editor, monthly an editor of The Washington Monthly See: Vulnerability conditions. Keywords: scrambled, military, speech, mode Scrambled speech mode (military) Keywords: undesirable, generally Generally undesirable a translator, writer, and researcher Slang for a device that complies with Energy Star program qualifications. a synthesis of ideas and actions to help improve the environment we live and play in Keywords: instead, nature, works, practice, doing A practice that works with nature instead of against it. is a way of doing business that works with nature instead of against it. Card see construction induction training. Keywords: grow To become or grow green. Keywords: better, bet a better bet Keywords: lacking, body lacking body Keywords: turn, trees turn or become green; "The trees are greening" Keywords: rubber, description, track, down, long A description used for a track when it has not been used for a long time and does not have any rubber down. Keywords: wheel, two, numbers, refers, one Refers to one of two numbers on the wheel that are green- either the 0 or 00. Keywords: test test test test test#008000 test test test test 128 0.667 1.000 0.502 Keywords: united United States, 1930's to 1950's. To make green.
Healthy Mind: Taking charge of your stress: The “I” in anxiety Stress is inevitable. There is nothing that will entirely remove stress from our lives. That said, its effects are optional. Dawson psychologist, Johanne Godin, uses the analogy of a window when explaining stress. She illustrates that anything below or above the window signifies “unhealthy” stress. Below the window represents a lack of stress causing a deficiency of motivation, whereas anything above the window represents a surplus of stress “compromising physical, mental and cognitive abilities.” However, any stress within the window embodies the perfect amount of stress that ignites productivity and focus. The key to staying within the window’s borders is by getting, as Johanne Godin would call them, “the three pillars to good health.” These include adequate sleep, eating well and exercising daily. Sleeping is essential in coping with stress. Studies have shown a lack of sleep enhances stress by impairing brain functions which forces the body to work in overtime. Also, an absence in sleep causes an imbalance in hormone levels promoting anxious feelings. However, stress often inhibits sleep because of mental clutter and an overflow of overpowering thoughts. Meditation is a good tool to gain mental clarity and alleviate constant thoughts. Meditation allows us to control our anxiety before it spirals out of control by allowing our breathing to relax our mind, body and soul. Thus, we will get more adequate, quality sleep every night so that we are better equipped to handle our stress! Once we have mastered sleep, we will have more energy to exercise: the second pillar to good health. As we exercise, neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine and endorphins are stimulated and released. These brain chemicals allow us to feel more relaxed and much calmer; thus, our stress levels decrease. Further, studies show that establishing a set exercise routine is as powerful as medication when treating anxiety. Due to this, some doctors are beginning to prescribe exercise over anti-depressants because it is proving to be just as effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and has longer-lasting benefits. The final pillar to good health is nutrition. Healthy food acts as fuel for our bodies and has tremendous impacts on our anxiety. Scientific evidence elucidates that, for example, when we eat high fiber, carbohydrate-rich foods, our brain produces serotonin, a relaxation hormone. Similarly, vitamin C-rich foods, such citrus fruits and leafy greens, provide antioxidants that counterpose stress. That means, eating clean is an effective way of reducing our stress levels. Although stress is inevitable, its effects are optional. If we can practice these “three pillars to good health,” we will find that we are experiencing significantly less stress and are handling it more effectivity. I am challenging you to be more conscious of how you choose to manage your anxiety. It’s time you control your stress rather than let it control you! After all, there is an “I” in anxiety. - Melissa xo My name is Melissa Migueis and I am a student at Dawson College in the profile Cinema-Communications. I love to lead a healthy lifestyle by eating clean, being active and keeping a healthy mindset! Oh, and you can always find me somewhere in nature. (0) comments Welcome to the discussion. Be Truthful. Don't knowingly lie about anyone or anything.
2. Hi Guest, welcome to the TES Community! Don't forget to look at the how to guide. Dismiss Notice Ideas for fresh, exciting ks3 sow? Discussion in 'Geography' started by Janeybgeog, May 10, 2012. 1. Hello, Im wondering if anyone has come across/is teaching any new Geography schemes of work for KS3? Ours are fine, but I feel that we could do with something new, a different topic or even just a new way of doing something that is 'old'. 2. fl100 fl100 New commenter Have you checked out the stuff that was on the old geographyteachingtoday site, now stored by RGS....we've adapted and used a lot of them to jazz up the curriculum! 3. We are just planning a SOW on the Geography of extreme sports. We are linking river processes to what conditions would be good for white water rafting, and coastal processes to where would be good for surfing etc. 4. theyesman theyesman New commenter Why not drop them on an island in the middle of the Indian Ocean. Give them each a map. a bottle of water and basic survival equipment. Then tell them they have five hours to make their way to a jetty on the other side of the island (clearly marked on the map) before very muscular men wearing fatigues and sporting crossbows track them down and eliminate them one by one. Any revenue from film rights could go some way to replacing the astro-turf or even helping finance the introduction of a new and stimulating menu in the canteen to the rest of the school/ If you don't try it you'll never know! Glad to be of help. The Yesman. 5. Well 'Ordnance' as in 'Ordnance Survey' is another name for 'guns' or 'cannon' and that's what maps were originally created for. ' Take a map and ask the following questions. 1. Where would you site the guns for best field of fire 2. Where would you be able to get into a 'hull down' (look it up) position 3. Where could you hide tanks and artillery 4 What ground would act as a barrier to an attack - marsh, river, sand 5. Would route would you choose to march 10,000 men and their equipment along 6. Where could you build a forward airfield 7. Which bridges would it be best to capture for a large river crossing 8. Where would you build a field hostpital, field kitchen, field water supply point. All these are real problems the miilitary have to solve on a day to day basis. 6. My Y9 students really enjoy a unit on 'Child Labour'. It considers both economics and development through the use of many case studies, including companies like Nike and Primark, but also child models used in the fashion industry. I've uploaded the scheme of work to the resources section of the website. Share This Page
Routines are a key aspect of a child’s life. They help to provide a sense of security and certainty. Setting routines for your kids can also help them understand the meaning of time, time management, and other life skills. Routines will vary from family to family. They can include daily routines such as preparing for school, mealtime, and bedtime; to weekly routines like game nights or special 1:1 time with individual parents. Each routine a family implements is important. When children know what is expected of them on a day-to-day basis there are less likely to be power struggles. Creating Routines For Your Kids Here are some examples of routines we can implement in our homes: Morning routines Each family has a way their morning flows after wake up time. This may include having breakfast, getting dressed and brushing your teeth. The exact routine will evolve and vary as your kids get older depending on their age appropriate needs. Preparing for school routines Preparing for school is such an important routine as the time we have to devote to it is limited and we need to be very goal oriented. For younger kids it can be helpful to have some sort of chart to help them know the tasks, and the order in which they need to be completed. My kids, in the past, have used a magnetic chart (made by them) that they flip up every time they have completed an item on the list. Charts don’t have to be just for getting ready for school, they can be useful for other routines as well. Mealtime routines We all have routines or rules surrounding mealtime. This may include setting the table in preparation, discussing the day’s events while eating as a family and politely waiting for all family members to finish eating before anyone leaves the table. Mealtime routines can feel particularly special when they involve asking each family member about their day. Kids can mention the good parts of their day and anything that worried or upset them. This gives children a chance to feel heard. As busy parents we sometimes don’t get a chance to have these discussions so dedicating dinnertime to this can really help. Bedtime routines As a sleep consultant I’m particularly fond of bedtime routines. Not only do they promote literacy (if you include book reading), attachment and bonding, and teach important hygiene skills (e.g. bathing and teeth brushing), but they also provide a cue to your baby that it is time to sleep. Bedtime routines can reduce bedtime battles and night wakings. This is especially so if your routine is consistent – same steps and same order – every night. I also love bedtime because I get to spend quality time with my children, especially on days I don’t get to see them much. Here are some potential ideas: reading, pajamas, teeth brushing, quiet play, lullaby etc. As children grow, routines can be useful for establishing boundaries and guidelines in your home. Establishing predictable routines can make life run smoother and help your children feel safe and secure.
Question 2.7 - The product of categories The product of categories. Given two categories $C$ and $D$, we may construct a new category $C \times C$ by taking pairs of objects and morphisms.. More precisely: • The objects of $C \times D$ are pairs $(c,d)$ where $c \in Ob\ C$ and $d \in Ob\ D$. • The morphisms $(c_1, d_1) \rightarrow (c_2,d_2)$ are pairs $(f,g)$ where $f: c_1 \rightarrow c_2$ in $C$ and $g: d_1 \rightarrow d_2$ in $D$. • Composition is given pointwise: given $(f,g): (c_1,d_1) \rightarrow (c_2,d_2)$ and $(h,k): (c_2,d_2) \rightarrow (c_3,d_3)$, their composite is $(h \circ f, k \circ g): (c_1,d_1) \rightarrow (c_3,d_3)$. • Similarly, the identity morphisms are given by $(id_c,id_d): (c,d) \rightarrow (c,d)$. Recall that the category Cat whose objects are categories and morphisms are functors. Show that $C \times D$ is the product of $C$ and $D$ in Cat. Next Prev All Sign In or Register to comment.
This post is also available in: heעברית (Hebrew) Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology have managed to develop a portable and compact sensor that can detect explosive material such as DNT and TNT. The sensor can detect explosive residues in real time and will be used in public areas to prevent acts of terrorism. Chemicals such as TNT, DNT, and TNP can be a serious threat to civilians and military personnel. Aside from being explosive, they are also considered to be toxic. The new device can lay the framework for a compact and lightweight explosive sensor that can prove to be extremely useful for military and security screening. mentions that the team that has worked on developing the sensor have developed the device by using a technique based on fluorescence spectroscopy, which is a method of analyzing the light emitted from samples. The device changes colors when explosives make contact with the synthesised polymer that the researchers have developed. This certain polymer can detect nitroaromatics, the explosive class of compounds. When the polymer comes into contact with TNT, DNT, or TNP vapor the polymer can alert the user of the explosives, making the sensor great for field applications. The sensor gives real time information making it incredibly useful for defense applications and for forensic investigations. The sensor immediately changes color only when in the presence of TNT, DNT, and TNP. The color change is noticeable to the naked human eye. The sensor is very small and can be easily implemented into airports, bus stations, government buildings and more. The device will come at a much lower price than traditional bomb detecting devices. The team is currently working on developing a similar device that can detect other types of explosives, such as nitroglycerin.
A review of barley yellow dwarf virus grain yield losses Pike, K.S. creator World Perspectives on Barley Yellow Dwarf International Workshop Udine (Italy) 6-11 Jul 1987 creator text 0 p 1990 \|\|\| monographic En Studies have been conducted worldwide to document the extent of plant damage caused by BYDV. Its impact on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oats (Avena sativa L.) is variable, depending upon such factors as aphid vector species and infectivity, virus isolate(s), and plant stage infected. A summary of the grain yield losses from selected studies in Europe, Canada, USA, Ecuador, and Australia is provided. Included is information on vector species, artificial inoculation, natural infestation/infection, crop type, and growth stage infected, based principally on published studies from field and greenhouse 21 ref English QY Aphididae Aphidoidea Application methods Arthropoda Avena Biological properties Disease transmission Gramineae Hemiptera Homoptera Hordeum Insecta Luteoviruses Microbial properties Pathogenesis Plant diseases Plant viruses Sternorrhyncha Viruses Triticum 91-013963 Burnett, P.A. (ed.). World perspectives on barley yellow dwarf. Mexico, DF (Mexico). CIMMYT. 1990. p. 356-361 91-013963 968-6127-39 MX-TxCIM 121211 a54402
The great language myth In איך החדר? by ברירת המחדל של האתר The first Muslims in Estonia have been largely Sunni Tatars and Shia Azeri who had been launched from the military service within the Russian Army after Estonia and Livonia had been conquered by the Russian Empire in 1721. The overwhelming majority of Muslims immigrated to Estonia through the Soviet occupation of Estonia between 1940 and 1991. The Estonian Swedes, are a Swedish-talking linguistic minority historically residing in the coastal areas and islands of what's now western and northern Estonia. The beginning of the continuous settlement of Estonian Swedes in these areas (generally known as Aiboland) dates again to the 13th and 14th centuries, when their Swedish-talking ancestors arrived in Estonia from what is now Sweden and Finland. Almost all of Estonia's Swedish-speaking minority fled to Sweden throughout World War II, and only the descendants of some people who opted to remain are permanently resident in Estonia right now. In the later part of the 1960s, the activities of the Finnish missionaries introduced charismatic Pentecostal revival in the evangelical Christian Churches and the Baptist in Tallinn.[15] The healing ministry within the Nineteen Seventies has great influence on the Charismatic Movement within the Soviet Union. The Estonian Christmas, Jõulud, is usually consistent with the Northern and Central European traditions of Christmas trees, Advent calendars, and traditional meals, involving numerous dishes which might be usually only eaten on Christmas. Christmas is probably the most in depth, appreciated, and commercialized holiday in Estonia. The Holidays start from December 23, and continue via Christmas Eve (twenty fourth) and Christmas Day (twenty fifth). In schools and in lots of workplaces, vacation continues until New Year's Day. NB6 – cooperation among Nordic and Baltic EU Member States It was issued by the Bank of Estonia, the nation's central bank. Compensating the German landowners for their holdings, the government confiscated the estates and divided them into small farms, which subsequently shaped the idea of Estonian prosperity. Trade centered on the native market and the West, notably Germany and the United Kingdom. Economy of Estonia Distribution of the Russian language in Estonia based on information from the 2000 Estonian census. The Nordic–Baltic region is numerous, with a wealth of pure and cultural heritage, communities, destinations and sources. The area hosts a total of forty two World Heritage websites which might be experiencing growing pressures from tourism.[12]The Baltic states are described as three fascinating states that have glorious beaches along an in depth shoreline, mediaeval outdated towns, and delightful pure surroundings, whereas the Nordic nations personal spectacular surroundings of mountains, lakes, archipelagos, glaciers, geysers, forests, waterfalls and volcanoes. There is far wilderness, including in depth arctic tundra. O'Connor, Kevin (2003). estonian women Meanwhile, the Latvia men's national basketball group received the 1935 Eurobasket and completed second in 1939, however has performed poorly because the Nineteen Nineties. Lithuania hosted the Eurobasket in 1939 and 2011, whereas Latvia was one of the hosts in 2015. The historic Lithuanian basketball team Kauno Žalgiris received the Euroleague in 1999. However, the Latvia women's nationwide basketball team finished fourth at the 2007 Eurobasket. Basketball is a notable sport throughout the Baltic states. First kroon, 1928–1940 It’s very peaceable. The only points you’ll have (if ever) are with drunk Britts and Russians. Weather – Estonia has temperate and delicate climate with heat summers and extreme, harsh winters. It is often breezy, chilly and humid in Estonia because of the proximity of the Baltic Sea. Currency – Euro is the official currency in Estonia and most of Europe. The Lithuanians had been additionally targeted by the crusaders; nevertheless, they were capable of defend the nation from Livonian and Teutonic Orders and established the Kingdom of Lithuania in 1251 which later, after the dying estonian women of King Mindaugas turned Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Mindaugas was the first Lithuanian ruler who accepted Christianity. Your job in Estonia There are also practical causes. The fact is, a lot of people residing in Estonia do not converse Estonian. The ice-free port of Muuga, near Tallinn, is a contemporary facility that includes good transshipment functionality, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and brand-new oil tanker off-loading capabilities. The railroad serves as a conduit between the West, Russia, and different factors to the East. In June 1992, Estonia replaced the ruble with its personal freely convertible forex, the kroon (EEK). A currency board was created and the brand new forex was pegged to the German Mark on the rate of eight Estonian kroons for 1 Deutsche Mark. They dress perfectly applicable when they go to work or on a date, but when the occasion is actually particular, you possibly can relaxation assured your Estonian soulmate would be the belle of the ball.
Aspect IT: What is Cyber Security? What is Cyber Security? Advertisement feature by Danielle Skinner, Digital Marketing Executive CYBER Security is all about protecting against Cyber Crime. To make it less technical, cyber means online. This article will explain what Cyber Security is and how you can make sure that you’re completely Cyber Secure. Cyber Security: Anti-virus is a form of Cyber Security. It blocks out all viruses from entering your computer and making it slow, unresponsive and having your data stolen or manipulated. Viruses are being created every day which is why your PC prompts you to keep software updated on a regular basis. Unprotected PCs allow a virus to have unauthorised access and can make files inaccessible, steal your data and much more. Ransomware is on the rise by online criminals who lock your data and make you pay a certain amount of money to get it back unharmed. More businesses are being targeted which is why we always encourage you to protect your data and PC fully. The purpose of an anti-virus is to block and remove viruses and stop them from infecting your PC. However, it doesn’t fully protect against ransomware attacks. To protect against ransomware, you need to have a strong anti-ransomware package, so it can specifically target this sort of activity. The best possible advice we could tell you right now is that just one package isn’t enough. We suggest you have anti-virus and anti-ransomware software installed so it makes your protection field much stronger. How you can protect yourself? Anti-ransomware package: The main product we recommend is Heimdal. This product targets malicious activity and blocks them from getting in to the system to manipulate your files and data. This is a package that we not only sell but also use ourselves because it will do the job right. Install regular updates: Many people dismiss updates on their PC, which you should never do. Updates keep your software up to date with the latest security, app updates etc, so your PC can function efficiently. If you have your updates set to automatic, it will update as soon as any are available, which is better just in case you forget to check. Don’t be fooled by emails: Viruses and ransomware can come through emails which may appear normal at a glance. Check the sender address as it may not be legitimate, and if you weren’t expecting an email from a certain company then ignore it and call the company to confirm if the email came from them or not. Get Professional Help: If you require help or advice for your small business security, then get in touch with us on 0161 621 4050 or visit our website: Leave a Reply
Shortly after my 59th birthday, I noticed an increase of floaters in my eyes, followed by a series of flashing lights. I immediately sought medical attention and discovered that there were two tiny tears in the retina of my right eye. Thankfully, my ophthalmologist caught the problem early and performed laser surgery to correct the condition. When I asked him what caused the retinal tears, I was surprised to learn that it was a common, age-related condition. Aging and eye issues After we turn 60, a number of problems may develop that can change our vision. It’s especially crucial at this age to remain proactive about eye health by scheduling regular exams to avoid permanent loss of sight. Some of these common age-related eye problems include the following: 1. Floaters The tiny specs or dots that appear in your line of vision are called floaters. They are harmless and common, but if you notice a sudden change in the amount, size, or shape of the floaters, it may be an indication of something more serious, such as bleeding in the eye or retinal tears. A visit to your ophthalmologist is recommended to check the condition of your retina to prevent further retinal tears or possible detachment. 2. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and retinal tears PVD occurs when the vitreous (the clear, gel-like fluid that fills the inside of the eye) pulls away from the back wall of the eye. The condition is common in people over the age of 60 and does not cause pain or loss of vision. The symptoms often disappear after three months. But if the PVD is accompanied by an increase of floaters or flashes of light and light streaks, it’s possible that your retina (the layer of tissue containing light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye) may have been compromised. This happens when the vitreous tugs on the retinal nerve layer hard enough to cause small tears in the tissue. It’s critical that you see your ophthalmologist immediately and have a dilated eye exam for a closer look at the retina. 3. Retinal detachment This eye disorder occurs when the retina separates from the pigmented cell layer underneath. It often starts with the same symptoms of PVD and retinal tears — the sudden appearance of multiple floaters and flashes of light — but will progress to blurred vision, reduced peripheral vision, or a dark, curtain-like shadow over the eye. This is considered a medical emergency that needs immediate attention to prevent permanent blindness. 4. Dry eyes/teary eyes If your tear glands are unable to produce enough tears, your eyes may feel like they’re overly dry, itchy or burning. Although it can become a chronic problem in older adults, an eye doctor can help relieve the symptoms by recommending eye drops to stimulate real tears. If your eyes are producing too many tears and are overly sensitive to light, wind, or temperature changes, it may be a result of an eye infection or a blocked tear duct, which can also be corrected by an eye doctor. 5. Glaucoma This group of eye diseases can affect both eyes, usually one right after the other. Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve, resulting in the loss of your peripheral vision. The incidence of glaucoma is higher in older adults, African Americans and people who have a family history of eye disease. It is a serious condition that can lead to blindness if left untreated. 6. Cataracts Cataracts are an opaque-type clouding in the lens of the eye that develops slowly over time and usually affects both eyes. Symptoms include blurry vision, sensitivity to glare, faded colors, halos around lights and decreased vision at night. Cataracts are commonly due to aging and are diagnosed by an eye exam. They may require surgical removal of the cloudy lens (which is replaced with a clear lens). 7. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) When the part of the retina known as the macula is damaged, it can progress to changes in your central vision and impairment in your ability to see colors or fine details. This is known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). There are two types of AMD: Dry and wet. Dry macular degeneration develops slowly and affects your ability to read, drive, or recognize faces. It does not affect your peripheral vision and rarely causes complete blindness. There are no FDA-approved treatments for dry macular degeneration, but nutritional intervention is often recommended to prevent the condition from becoming more serious. Wet macular degeneration is far more severe, caused by abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the retina. The leaking blood and liquid can lead to blind spots, scarring and central vision loss. Early signs of this type of AMD can be detected through a retinal exam and treated with certain FDA-approved medications. 8. Diabetic retinopathy Commonly known as an eye problem due to Type I or Type II diabetes, diabetic retinopathy stems from damage to the blood vessels that line the retina. If you have high blood sugar, blockages may occur that prevent the retina from getting enough blood. There are often no symptoms until the disease becomes more pronounced. Symptoms include floaters, blurriness, difficulty seeing color pigments, dark areas appearing in the central line of vision, and partial to a full loss of eyesight if not treated. If you are experiencing any of the above symptoms, see your eye doctor as soon as possible. Early detection and self-care are the keys to maintaining healthy eyesight. Watch this More US Senior are smoking Marijuana according to JAMA
A Nut That Could Prevent Diabetes —A Special Report from Victor Marchione, MD A new study out of the University of Montreal has found that something inside cashews has great promise against diabetes. It is “cashew seed extract” they are talking about, and it just might be the latest natural product to act as an effective anti-diabetic. The study, published in the journal “Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,” investigated the reputed health benefits of cashew tree products on diabetes. The focus: could cashew improve the body’s response to its own insulin? Diabetes is caused when a person has high blood sugar because their body does not respond well to insulin and/or does not produce enough of the hormone. Insulin is what unlocks the body’s cells in order to move sugar from the bloodstream into the cells where it can be used as energy. Diabetes affects nearly 220 million people worldwide and can pave the way for heart and kidney disease. It is at epidemic levels, along with obesity, in the United States. That is why any new insight into potential natural healers is a big deal. This new study examined the impact of leaves, bark, seeds and apples from cashew trees — native to northeastern Brazil and other countries of the southern hemisphere — on cells that respond to insulin. They tested a slew of extracts and one showed promise. Cashew seed extract significantly stimulated blood sugar absorption by muscle cells. Because other parts of the cashew plant had no such effect, it seems that cashew seed extract likely contains active compounds, which may have potential anti-diabetic properties. Cashew tree products have long been alleged to be effective anti-inflammatory agents, counter high blood sugar, and prevent insulin resistance among diabetics. What the new study does is provide further proof that there is a link between the cashew tree and diabetes treatment. It points the way to natural components that could serve to create new therapies. Speak to your doctor before adding any supplement for diabetes to your regular routine. In this case, find cashew seed extract in the health food store. It is not likely you can eat actual cashews and be able to help your diabetes. In any event, you should never eat more than a handful of nuts a day, as they are very high in fat. Tags: , , , , ,
Current Ratio Definition, Formula, Analysis and Examples The current ratio used to measure the firm ability to pay off its short term debts. It is a form of liquidity and efficiency ratio. It is like to be the essential version of Liquidity ratio because there is a need to measure to current firm ability to clear off their short term loans within a year. It usually means the firm has less time to clear off the debts and the best measure to calculate current ratio is by checking the existing assets of a company which can be easily converted into the cash later, Such as, cash equivalent, market securities, etc. Current Ratio Formula: The formula which use to examine the ratio of current liabilities and the current assets of a company. It usually for measuring the exact financial state of the firm. The formula for calculating the current ratio is current assets divides by current liabilities. The mathematical formula as follows: Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities. Note: GAAP requires that the company should separate their current assets and fixed assets in their balance sheets to not make any confusions. The current ratio does help the company investor and creditors example bank to comply with the financial state of the firm. This is to check out whether they can able to clear off their short term debts or not. The ratio expresses the current rate of firm assets and the liabilities owed by the company. The higher ratio of the company is more preferable rather than a lower current ratio of the firm. It is because of the higher ratio results in getting the best financial state of the company. It means the company can quickly pay off the debts. However, if the company needs to sell out its fixed assets for clearing short term debts, it simply means the firm is not making enough from the current operations of the company. Meanwhile, It is going in the loss. Let me show you by example: Charlie’s balance sheet he reported $100,000 of current liabilities and only $25,000 of current assets. Charlie’s current ratio would be calculated like this: Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Current Ratio = 25000/100000 Current Ratio = .25 It means the business of charlie is at higher risks. Because the ratio of charlie business is only .25% to clear off his debts by selling out the current assets, the bank more likely to prefer the current ratio of 1 or 2 so, that the liabilities should be covered by selling of the assets and meanwhile, charlie not approved for the loan. The current ratio is the liquidity calculation for any business. It often used for measuring the financial position of the company. You can check out the example above where we showed the condition of charlie, and he has only .25% chance to pay off his debts. In this case, the bank will not pass your loan. Therefore, It is essential to make a better ratio to ensure that your loan should not be rejected. Author: Naveen E Leave a Reply
Read Caption Karachi shopkeeper Ghulam Ishaq didn’t trust the polio vaccine. Now he blames himself for the double misery of his four-year-old daughter, Rafia: one leg withered by polio, the other broken by a car she couldn’t dodge. Here’s Why Vaccines Are So Crucial View Images Coolers full of vaccine strapped to their motorbikes, Doctors Without Borders workers cross a river near Monga while a measles outbreak is under way there. On their arduous 10-hour circuit of affected villages, they must keep the vaccine perfectly chilled. Go see the child, Samir Saha said. Just sit with her. Probably the siblings will be there too, the brother and sister whose lives are also altered permanently. ‘This is why the vaccine is so important,’ Saha said. ‘We want to reduce this number to a minimum, if not zero. So no other children will be like this.’ It was a little after dawn in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, and Saha was in the back seat of his car, brooding. A uniformed driver threaded the Toyota through a cacophonous mess of jitneys, motorcycles, rickshaws, trucks, and battered buses with passengers hanging out the doors. “We could save the life, but we could not …” He left the sentence unfinished. “You’ll be seeing the scenario,” he said. “You’ll understand.” View Images On Mount Morungole, Makerere University researcher Sadic Waswa Babyesiza examines a bat he just caught. With a team from the Field Museum of Chicago, he’s prospecting for the wild hosts of malaria, Zika, and other pathogens. The results may help in developing vaccines. Saha is a microbiologist, internationally renowned for his research on a bacterium called pneumococcus. The laboratory he founded is wedged into one corner of Dhaka Shishu, the biggest children’s hospital in Bangladesh. Just down the hall, rows of beds fill the open wards; during family hours, each bed seems to hold both a sick child and many attentive relatives. Inside the lab, white-jacketed men and women spend their days in intimate study of pneumococcal cells: hunting for them in vials of blood and other bodily fluids, smearing them into petri dishes, peering at them through microscopes. Pneumococcal bacteria are ubiquitous in the modern world; easily spreadable through sneezing or casual contact, they can live without ill effect in the nasal passages of people with healthy immune systems. But when our defenses fail us, pneumococcus can migrate, multiply, and set off life-threatening infectious disease. Young children are especially vulnerable. Young children in places without ready access to antibiotics and good medical care are the most vulnerable of all. At the start of the 21st century, as the world’s first effective children’s vaccine became available in the United States and Canada, pneumococcal disease was killing more than 800,000 children worldwide every year—more than three-quarters of a million infants and kids under five, that is, dying not from some headline epidemic like Ebola or Zika but from a common organism that blew up into pneumonia (infected lungs) or meningitis (infected brain lining) or a mortal assault on the bloodstream. The vast majority of those deaths were occurring in impoverished countries such as Bangladesh. In 2015 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, as the children’s formulation is called, reached the Bangladeshis, and Saha’s research team is intently tracking its progress. If PCVs prove as effective around the world as vaccine experts hope, they promise both a greatly lowered mortality rate—that’s many thousands of small children staying alive instead of dying before they’re old enough to start school—and much less nonmortal sickness. Less of the rapid pneumonia breathing; less of the fever, the sucking chest, the rattling cough, the blue lips, the bedside watch by parents pulled away from the paid work that supports their other children. Less … suffering, I kept hearing Saha and his Bangladeshi colleagues say, as though sensing that an outsider might need help appreciating the stakes. Because from the vantage of a country like the United States, it can be easy to imagine that the most pressing vaccine challenge of 2017 lies in convincing certain communities of skeptical parents that they really ought to inoculate their kids. Those efforts are important, to be sure. But even more urgent—more ambitious, more complex, involving many governments and billions of philanthropic dollars—is the international collaboration to get new vaccines to children in the developing world, where to this day the suffering caused by vaccine-preventable disease is as vivid and nontheoretical as the frantic families Saha sees every day in the halls of Dhaka Shishu. View Images Sanjida Sahajahan, 11, was a healthy toddler when the common bacterium pneumococcus devastated her brain. International aid is helping Bangladesh pay for the vaccine against such infections— too late for Sanjida but perhaps in time to protect thousands of other young people. This is why he was sending me to Sanjida Sahajahan, 11 years old, the middle child of a rickshaw repairman and his wife. Go now, Saha said, as we pulled up to the hospital’s main gate; when you come back, we shall discuss what you observed. Jamal and Tasmim will accompany you. That van in the parking lot is waiting. The hospital van bumped through crowded Dhaka streets that kept narrowing until we were inching past market displays: piles of sweet potatoes and used clothes and car parts. The road ran out of vehicle room. We got out to walk. Jamal Uddin is a physician, Tasmim Sultana Lipi a community health worker, and the two of them knew the right muddy passageways to follow. Along metal-roofed buildings to either side, barred windows offered glimpses of family after family inhabiting separate single rooms. Lipi nodded toward one of the doorways and ducked in. Observing neighborhood protocol, we all removed our shoes. Sanjida, who had been carried into Dhaka Shishu at the age of three with what turned out to be pneumococcal meningitis, was propped up in a small plastic armchair beside the family bed. Meningitis is an inflammation, sometimes irreversibly destructive, of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Sanjida has no control over her head, her grimaces, or the sounds she makes—mewling cries, mostly, as she is unable to form words. Her mother, Nazma, had been outside with the baby when we arrived; in these rooms nine families share two toilets and a single tap, and now Nazma hurried in, holding the baby in one arm, wiping dry her face. She lowered herself onto a stool. She took Sanjida’s hand. In Bangla she told us the story: their bright, talkative three-year-old’s unexplained fever; the neighbors urging acetaminophen, for sale in a shop nearby; the fever receding after the pills; the fever rising again. A few days later came the first convulsion and the terrified journey to the hospital—by bus and motorcycle taxi, as a rickshaw repairman doesn’t have the means to summon an ambulance. By the time doctors saw Sanjida, she was losing consciousness. Her last understandable words, Nazma said, were “Hug me. I feel very bad.” Sanjida’s father, Mohammad, stood quietly while Nazma spoke. Their 14-year-old son came in and picked up the baby and stood too; there was nowhere else to sit. A disassembled wheelchair had been shoved beneath the bed—a charity gift, Nazma said, very nice idea, but their living quarters were too small. A wall cabinet held toys and dishware, and now Mohammad pulled from a drawer a creased yellow card: Sanjida’s national health record. Here was her birth date, in September 2005. And here, the first markings dated six weeks later, were the notations for Sanjida’s vaccinations. Like her older brother, Sanjida received every inoculation then in Bangladesh’s national immunization plan, on schedule and for free: whooping cough, measles, diphtheria, tuberculosis, tetanus, hepatitis B, polio. No smallpox; worldwide vaccination had already erased that disfiguring contagion from the planet by 1980, two centuries after the English physician Edward Jenner published his famous treatise on deliberately infecting children with cowpox, a mild virus that turned out to stimulate immunity against the far more serious smallpox. An extraordinary global health history had been abbreviated, in a way, on Sanjida’s little yellow card. No one can tally accurately the total number of lives saved by widespread vaccination, but it remains one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Measles, for example, was killing more than two million children a year worldwide in the 1980s; by 2015, according to the World Health Organization, vaccination had dropped the death toll to 134,200. Mass vaccination has ended polio in all but three countries; Bangladesh and its giant neighbor India were pronounced polio free in March 2014. And when I asked Nazma how she first learned about vaccines—what gave her the idea that taking healthy babies for injections was a good idea?—she looked startled. Then she responded with a passionate outpouring that Uddin and Lipi distilled into English: But every Bangladeshi knows this. On television—the Sahajahans’ is crammed in atop that wall cabinet—popular singers and athletes in public service ads praise the lifesaving gift of inoculation. Encouragements to vaccinate trumpet from thousands of minarets, like calls to prayer; Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim, and while pushing for polio inoculation in the late 1980s, health officials and Islamic leaders together came up with a plan for “mosque miking.” Once, in a village outside Dhaka, the local imam proudly pushed up a sleeve to show me the trace of his last tuberculosis vaccination. Protecting one’s health is part of a religiously observant life, he explained, and faithful parents are obliged to do the same for their children. Delivering vaccines in Bangladesh isn’t easy. The terrain is crisscrossed by flooding rivers and barely passable roads, and the vaccines must be kept at just the right cold temperature to preserve their potency. Maintaining this “cold chain” is an urgent priority for immunization programs in all countries with hot climates and shaky power grids; a single faulty chiller or a rural power outage can wreck a whole batch of vaccine. But Bangladesh has worked hard to preserve the cold chain, equipping local health centers with solar panels, pressing bicycles and riverboats into service to ferry vaccines to the most remote clinics. The Bangladeshi inoculation program is widely respected for its remarkable reach, in fact, and on the way back to Dhaka Shishu, the three of us silent and sad in the hospital van, I understood what Samir Saha most wanted me to see. By 2005, when the infant Sanjida got all her shots, the new vaccine against pneumococcal infection was routinely being injected into children all over the United States and was spreading fast across the developed world. The problem was in places like Bangladesh, which needed the vaccine far more desperately but couldn’t pay what the manufacturer had decided to charge. Vaccines, with very few exceptions, are made by private companies, in business to return a profit. Until recently, their manufacture worldwide has been dominated by a few U.S. and European pharmaceutical giants. As officials of these companies point out when advocacy organizations like Doctors Without Borders press them to lower their prices (or else open their books to prove why they can’t), developing a new vaccine is especially expensive. After all, it typically involves injecting a disabled germ or fragment of a germ into healthy trial participants—followed by a drawn-out process of watching and waiting to make certain the vaccine isn’t harmful, that it stimulates an immune response against the infectious germ, and that the people who receive it contract the disease less often than those who don’t. All that takes years. For a pneumococcal vaccine that worked right in children, it took decades. Good adult vaccines were on the market by the early 1980s, but they never set off the hoped-for immune response in small kids. It wasn’t until the late 1990s that researchers finally found a way to biologically amend, or “conjugate,” the contents of those adult vaccines so they would be recognized by immature immune systems. Pneumococcus presents another vexing challenge: Saha and other scientists have identified nearly a hundred versions, or serotypes, of pneumococcal cells. Serotypes can be geographically distinct, and for reasons not yet fully understood, only a small number are dangerous. (Serotype 1, for example, causes comparatively little disease in the United States but is a prime source of pneumococcal illness and death in Africa and South Asia.) So a finished vaccine that works for children and targets exactly the right serotypes is really multiple vaccines, individually amended and tested and then mixed into one vial. All these complications helped make the first children’s pneumococcal vaccine one of the most expensive in history. Called Prevnar, it was launched in early 2000 by the American pharmaceutical company Wyeth (which was later taken over by Pfizer). It was formulated to work against the seven serotypes responsible for most of the disease—in the United States, that is, which could absorb a children’s vaccine priced at $232 per four-dose course. Among the dangerous kinds of pneumococcus that vaccine was not formulated to fight off was serotype 1. Yet the poorest regions of Africa and South Asia are precisely where any pneumococcal infection is likeliest to kill a child or leave her crippled for life—not just because parents can’t reach a doctor in time but also because the bacteria do extra damage inside small bodies already weakened by malnutrition, other lingering diseases, and too much exposure to cook-fire smoke. “When I started work on this, what kept me up at night was the inequity,” says Orin Levine, vaccine delivery director at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Years ago a colleague of his watched a woman in a Mali hospital lose a daughter to pneumococcal pneumonia; she’d lost another daughter the same way. Levine still remembers the mother’s name. His own daughters were about the same age. “The chances of a kid dying of pneumococcal disease in the rich world were a hundredfold less,” he says. “Why was it that my kids could get the vaccine when Tiemany Diarra’s kids, Mali’s kids, needed it more and didn’t get it?” He knew the answer, of course: The surest economic return to vaccine manufacturers doesn’t come from meeting the most critical need. Imagine Levine's frustration echoed by a world of vaccine experts, and you understand the impetus behind the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation, or Gavi. This multibillion-dollar public-private collaboration got under way in 2000, just as PCVs reached the U.S. market. Kicked off in part by a $750 million pledge from the Gates Foundation, Gavi channels wealthy nations’ resources—private philanthropy plus government aid from such countries as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway—into vaccine support for poorer countries that apply for the aid. Gavi helps negotiate with vaccine companies to slash prices specifically for those large-volume sales; subsidies from the donor fund then reduce the cost to developing countries even further, so that they pay a small fraction of the usual market price. “It’s been absolutely transformational—the financial muscle and the dedication that global actors and manufacturers and countries have agreed to,” says Katherine O’Brien, a pediatrician and pneumococcus expert who directs the International Vaccine Access Center at Johns Hopkins University. Gavi wasn’t assembled just to help with pneumococcal vaccine, O’Brien points out; the alliance concentrated at first on making established childhood inoculations like tetanus and hepatitis B more accessible. PCVs joined the vaccine list only in 2010, after years of continued testing and negotiation. But the demand from developing countries was so high that soon Gavi was devoting a half billion donor dollars a year to PCV support—the alliance’s single biggest financial commitment. A special arrangement with Pfizer and GSK, the only companies currently making PCVs, is supposed to ensure there will be enough supply; both have promised to produce as much vaccine, at the Gavi-arranged discount, as each of the receiving countries agrees to buy. With those deals in place, the manufacturers have also developed new formulations that extend the effectiveness of PCVs to include children a long way from the U.S. and Europe. In 2010 Pfizer released a new blend called Prevnar 13, designed to work against serotype 1 and five others not targeted in the original mix. The GSK product, introduced in 2009, also is configured to fight serotypes prevalent in Africa and Asia. And since March 2015, when Bangladeshi health officials received their inaugural delivery of Gavi-discounted PCV, vaccine shipments have arrived by air freight every three months from a GSK distribution center in Belgium. “Small chiller boxes,” Saha told me. “Like when you are going camping. But these are a little more sophisticated, with monitoring systems for the temperature.” The vaccines, health officials say, are reaching families all over the country. Bangladesh, at least so far, has experienced no surge of “vaccine hesitancy,” as global health experts prefer to call the problem of parents declining to vaccinate their children. Elsewhere in South Asia, suspicion and hostility have troubled recent inoculation campaigns; in Pakistan, for example, polio vaccinators a few years ago were turned away or attacked amid rumors both false and true. (False: that the vaccines were part of a Western plot against Islam. True: that the CIA used house-to-house vaccinators to hunt for Osama bin Laden.) And in parts of India, a measles-rubella vaccination campaign foundered earlier this year, after anonymous posts on social media claimed the vaccines were dangerous or even meant to sterilize the children of religious minorities. View Images With a measles outbreak in progress, a Doctors Without Borders–supported motorcycle convoy arrives at a northern Congolese village—part of an urgent campaign to inoculate as many settlements as possible. The coolers keep the vaccine at the right temperature to maintain its potency. Even in vaccine-receptive Bangladesh, Saha told me, he’s heard people wonder about the merits of adding PCVs to the already ambitious national inoculation effort. “I was on a talk show on the TV,” he said. “A banker’s wife, a powerful person, said, ‘Why are you talking about vaccines so much?’ ” Pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections are treatable with penicillin, the banker’s wife objected; Saha had just said so himself. “And my answer was: ‘Oh, madam. You want to wait until pneumonia develops, and then you should treat it?’ ” Had she walked the Dhaka Shishu wards with Saha, this woman would have seen listless children lying under oxygen masks, the families gathered at their bedside or crowded somberly in the hallways, waiting for antibiotics to take hold. And those are the families who have made it to the hospital. “For the remotest places,” Saha said, “this”—the preemptive strike of a working vaccine—“is the only tool we have.” In the villages and poorest city slums, pneumococcus-sickened children still die by the thousands at home. Sanjida Sahajahan made it to Dhaka Shishu, but doctors could do little for her. Saha carries special frustration about her case. His lab identified the pneumococcus that infected her brain: serotype 1, one of the varieties not targeted in the inaugural version of Prevnar. So even if Bangladesh had been able to afford the vaccine in 2005, it would not have protected Sanjida—because the manufacturer had launched a lifesaving product not meant for her part of the world. “And it’s not only that child who is nonfunctional,” Saha said. “The mother is nonfunctional. She cannot go anywhere. Each and every member of that family is really half dead.” He was quiet. “We gave them a wheelchair,” he said. “Was she using it?” It was in pieces, I said, under the bed. Saha winced. But the two-month-old baby, Jannat—the parents showed us her health card too, I told him, and its new column with the check mark in place: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. If the inoculation does its job, Jannat will be protected from the pathogen that devastated her sister, and when Saha thought about all this, the grief and hope all shoved together inside that very small home, he sighed. “We should still look at how many children we lost, and how many were disabled like this, in those 10 years while we were waiting for the vaccine,” he said. “But thank God we have got the vaccine now.” The sprawling GSK campus in the Belgian city of Wavre is the biggest vaccine production facility in the world. The day I met Luc Debruyne, the company’s global vaccines president, I’d already been obliged twice to change clothes. Each vaccine’s biological and mixing work is hermetically contained inside its own separate building, and stepping into one of these dedicated structures requires a complete switch to clean-room suit, cleansed white shoes, and protective goggles and cap over eyeglasses and hair. Those buildings, along with other parts of the company’s vaccine operation, represent an investment of more than five billion dollars over the past decade, Debruyne said. “It is a profitable business,” he added. “It needs to be profitable to be sustainable, to be able to offer massive volume and affordable pricing to the developing world.” The children’s pneumococcal vaccine GSK delivers to Dhaka is a global production: Mixing starts at the company’s plant in Singapore, vaccine batches are sent to Belgium and then France for processing, and the vials are finally returned to Belgium for shipping. As I peered through those goggles at the great silvery machines and vats at Wavre, though, the product under preparation was another GSK offering—a vaccine against a pathogen called rotavirus, the leading cause of children’s diarrhea, which sickens millions every year. In the poorest countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, it kills by the hundreds of thousands. Many children in Dhaka Shishu are struggling to recover from it. Bangladesh has Gavi approval to start receiving GSK’s rotavirus vaccine, probably sometime next year. After the negotiated discount and additional financial support, the government will pay about 50 cents for each two-dose course of a vaccine that currently costs an American physician $220. For an impoverished health system, that’s irresistible, but there’s a colossal catch. Gavi aid is supposed to be temporary—a means for poor countries to help more children grow up healthy, and in doing so help improve the countries’ own economies to the point where they can finance important vaccines on their own. Once a recipient country rises above the world’s lowest per capita income levels, the Gavi subsidy is supposed to be phased out. “It’s called ‘transitioning,’ ” says Doctors Without Borders vaccine policy adviser Kate Elder. “But I’ve heard ministers of health call this being expelled.” Even though leaders of GSK and other major U.S. and European vaccine manufacturers have promised to maintain impoverished-country discounts, losing the subsidy still means a comparatively huge cost increase. In Bangladesh, for example, it could push the GSK pneumococcal vaccine cost from 60 cents to $9.15 per child. That still looks like a bargain to an American doctor paying more than 50 times that much. But Doctors Without Borders and other critics argue that the prices big American and European drug companies charge for children’s vaccines are unacceptably high, even at a discount. A third of the world’s countries have not yet brought PCVs into their immunization programs; a key reason is long-term cost. From the drug companies, Elder says, “we get this a lot of the time: ‘Why aren’t you just celebrating the kids who do have access now?’ And we say, ‘Yes, but we want more.’ ” One remedy may lie in emerging competition from outside the U.S. and Europe—from pharmaceutical companies in India, Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, South Korea, and even Bangladesh, where a Dhaka enterprise now sells nearly a dozen kinds of vaccine, using ingredients shipped in from other countries. An enormous Indian manufacturer called the Serum Institute produces from scratch more than a billion doses a year of relatively inexpensive vaccines, shipping them throughout India as well as abroad. Disease experts at the Gates Foundation and PATH, a global health nonprofit also based in Seattle, are helping Serum develop its own children’s pneumococcal vaccine. Trials are under way in India and Africa, and that vaccine could be on the market by 2020. Samir Saha is 62 now, with no imminent plans for retirement. It’s too soon to assess definitively the success of PCVs in Bangladesh, but the last time we walked through Dhaka Shishu together, he was upbeat. Only three pneumococcus patients were in the general ward that day, none appeared in grave danger, and one of Saha’s researchers was at a computer working on a bar graph that showed a tantalizing case drop for autumn 2016—one short bar, dwarfed by much taller ones from the six preceding autumns. Saha pulled up a chair and looked closely at the graph. Let’s wait and see next year, he said. But he was smiling. “Good for the patients,” he said. “Less pneumonia in the hospital. Less death.” He waved his arm toward all the researchers bent over microscopes. “Jobless!” Saha joked, and his smile broadened. “All of them will be jobless!” Contributing writer Cynthia Gorney’s last piece for the magazine was on widows. French photographer William Daniels focuses on humanitarian issues, including life-threatening diseases such as malaria.
Bhutan - Tourism, travel, and recreation In 1974, Bhutan opened its door to tourists, but strict entry regulations, the remoteness of the country, and relatively limited transportation facilities have restricted the number of visitors. Tourists may only enter as a member of an established tour group. Passports and visas are required. The beautiful Thimphu, Paro, and Punakha valleys, with their many monasteries, are accessible to tourists. Archery is the national sport. Income from tourism totaled approximately $10 million in 2000 and there were 7,559 foreign visitors, including over 5,000 visitors from the US and Europe. In 1999, the UN estimated the cost of staying in Thimphu at $59. In rural areas, expenditures were estimated at $48 per day. Also read article about Bhutan from Wikipedia User Contributions:
Continuous Automation, from Source Code to Production \| TechWell Continuous Automation, from Source Code to Production Colorful gears automating processes Automation is necessary to achieve the benefits of DevOps principles, so teams may use automation at every step of software development. This involves the following stages: 1. Developers commit code changes to a central repository 2. Code is built into usable software and unit tests run 3. Software is deployed in a staging environment and different tests gauge its production readiness 4. Software is deployed to production Let’s explore the roles of automation in software development and deployment. Continuous Integration Stages 1 and 2 involve committing code changes and compiling the code. The source code for software is typically developed by multiple developers each making multiple code changes and committing code changes to a central repository such as GitHub simultaneously. One developer may download code from the central repo and start making changes, and soon after a few other developers may download code and start making their changes, then commit the code back to the repo. Without coordination among the developers, the code and changes could become completely out of sync. Some code changes may not get submitted for an extended duration, while other developers may have changed the code in a different direction. Designating certain developers to manage sections of the code could fix some issues, but if all developers do not submit their code changes regularly, the code repo as a whole cannot be built into software that can be made available for use. This is the whole basis of continuous integration. Continuous integration has two aspects to it: • Developers commit their code changes regularly and frequently • The build process is automated with some tool Continuous integration Continuous integration has several benefits. Frequent code integration and testing helps find bugs quicker and earlier, software updates are delivered faster, and automation of the code build process results in improved productivity. Continuous Delivery Continuous delivery encompasses code integration and refers to the process of automatically making built software ready for deployment to production. Continuous delivery depends on continuous integration. It involves deploying built code to a staging or test environment and running tests for production readiness, such as integration tests, load tests, GUI testing, and API tests. Continuous delivery After tests have been run in the staging environment, software has to be approved and deployed to production by a user. The deployment to production is not automated, as noted in figure 3. Deployment to production is not automated Continuous delivery adds automation of the software release process. Continuous Deployment Continuous delivery only takes built and tested software up to production readiness using automation. A user then has to approve the software and deploy to production. Continuous deployment, on the other hand, automates the deployment to production also. No user intervention is needed after code has been submitted to a repository. Continuous deployment automates deployment to production also By having automatic deployments, you can focus on improving your tests rather than having to stop processes to coordinate a release. If you want to gain the benefits of DevOps principles, start with continuous integration and continuous delivery. Once you start releasing software on a daily basis, you can look into continuous deployment. Up Next About the Author TechWell Insights To Go (* Required fields) Get the latest stories delivered to your inbox every week.
( Photo by The Packer staff ) “Well, you know, a tomato is actually a fruit, not a vegetable.” We’ve all encountered that wiseguy somewhere along the line — heck, some of us probably have trotted out that line at parties, meetings, or after running out of things to say about the weather. And it’s true, of course; botanically speaking, tomatoes are a fruit, as are peppers, squash, cucumbers, eggplant and a whole host of other produce items we typically refer to as vegetables. So why are tomatoes singled out in popular culture for this “actually a fruit” status? And why is it such a big deal, anyway? To answer that, we need to go back 130+ years, to when President Chester Arthur signed the Tariff Act of 1883. The act required a tax on imported vegetables, but not on imported fruits. Enter New York produce firm John Nix & Co. John Nix was one of the city’s major fruit and vegetable companies at the time, and a pioneer in bringing produce from Florida, Virginia and Bermuda to New York. (At one time, the company even owned a steamer vessel called the Far Key, which it used to import onions and other crops from Bermuda, according to the Fruit Trade Journal, Dairy and Produce Record). After President Arthur signed the tariff act into law, John Nix & Co. filed suit against Edward Hedden, the customs collector of the Port of New York, to try to get back tax duties paid under protest. The company said the act applied to vegetables, while tomatoes were fruits, from a botanical standpoint. Once that can of worms had been opened, lawyers for John Nix & Co. and Edward Hedden took turns reading various dictionary definitions of words like “fruit,” “vegetables,” “tomato,” “pea”, “eggplant,” “cucumber, squash,” “pepper,” “potato,” “turnip,” “parsnip,” “cauliflower,” “cabbage,” “carrot” and “bean,” trying to sway the justices of the Supreme Court that tomatoes were — or were not — a fruit. The court unanimously decided that tomatoes, for the purposes of commerce, should be classified as a vegetable, based on how people commonly perceived and consumed them at the time (eating them during a meal, rather than as a dessert). Justice Horace Gray, in writing the court’s opinion, also clarified — just in case anyone was wondering — that cucumbers, squash, peas and beans were also vegetables from the standpoint of commerce. Maybe that’s why no one ever pipes up and says “But cucumbers are actually a fruit!” Time-hop back to the present and vegetables are becoming a bit more popular in desserts (celery granita or carrot cookies, anyone?), but I doubt anyone will be resurrecting Nix v. Hedden over a batch of tomato ice cream anytime soon. Still, the next time someone asks you whether tomatoes are a fruit or vegetable, take the easy route and just say “Yes.” Amelia Freidline is The Packer’s designer and copy chief. E-mail her at [email protected]. Related content: The great green pepper ‘mango’ mystery A yam by any other name (is still not a sweet potato) A pineapple time machine
Reference \| Clock This function controls the system clock. PS.Clock ( ticks ) Starts and stops the engine clock, and establishes its pulse frequency. 1. (optional) ticks : integer Returns: integer Default: 0 (clock disabled) The optional ticks parameter specifies the clock pulse frequency, expressed in 60ths of a second. If a PS.Tick() function is defined, that function is thereafter called every ticks 60ths of a second. The function doesn't have to do anything. If the clock is not running, a call to PS.Clock() activates it. If the clock is already running, its frequency is changed to the specified value. Any numeric value less than one (1) deactivates the clock. A warning is issued if no PS.Tick() function is defined when PS.Clock() is called. If no parameter is provided, the clock behavior is not changed. The return value is the current frequency of the clock, zero (0) if disabled. If a parameter error occurs, the value PS.ERROR is returned.
Los Angeles KLAX and Casablanca GMMN (Morocco) are at the same latitude. If the aircraft follows a magnetic 090° heading, the initial true heading will be 102° due to the declination. enter image description here (source University of Alabama.) That means the path will start slightly southerly. What will be the path followed until reaching a continent on the other side of the Atlantic? If an aircraft is following a magnetic course changes in magnetic declination as the aircraft moves along its route of flight will affect the true course, and on a long flight such as the hypothetical trip posed here we need to take that into account. Magnetic declination is empirical data, i.e. there are tables of it, and while formulas exist to approximate it you would normally use the reference tables. There are several sources of data for the worldwide declination of the magnetic field, for example here. Following the link "Magnetic Model maps and grids" I took D_map_mf_2010.zip which contains a simple lat/lon/declination table (0.5° steps) and wrote a small simulation which moves the aircraft 10 km along the heading, calculates & records the new angular coordinates, moves again and so on. The result is this figure: World declination chart, with course Zoomed in on course & original intended destination The green arrows show the direction of north as displayed by a compass, the blue shows the direction of east. The black line was generated by the simulation shows the true course of an aircraft with a constant magnetic heading of 90°. While it will fly over north Florida, it deviates markedly to the north over the ocean and just touches the north coast of Spain. Note that this only accounts for the magnetic declination, since your question assumed no wind. During a real flight the aircraft may experience unknown crosswinds, so the actual position has to be determined from time to time, and a look into the table / map shows the correct heading at the current position leading to your destination. (If the aircraft only has this map, a compass and a sextant aboard.) So, if you have this data, you can correct the compass headings such that you fly the true course you want. However, I don't know how it's actually done in aviation. Here is the code. It is written in python and gnuplot, and you will not need any programming skills to use it. Have fun! To answer one question from the comments: If you carried on around the world, would you return to your starting point? I'm guessing yes as we would be following a contour of equal magnetic potential? From the physics side, magnetic fields are not conservative and so do not have a potential. However, I think it's clear what you mean. As long as the heading is +90° or -90°, you will end up where you started. The following figure again shows a travel from KLAX heading 90°, but with a total lengh of 40mio km (i.e. 1000 times the circumfence of the earth and a little more turns for the track as it's not at the equator) As you can see, there is just a single black track, no deviation. And if you want to fly to Casablanca, you will need a constant heading of 93,6°. And if you don't land there and have enough fuel, strange things happen: enter image description here I would also like to emphasize Bob Jarvis' comment, about how it's done in the real world: Long distance journeys, whether by air or sea, will generally use a "great circle" where the heading steered is not constant. In practice the continuously changing great circle course is broken up in to a series of segments of constant heading. Reference here. • 8 $\begingroup$ I simulated it. Looks like frog's legs instead of couscous as dinner after arrival. $\endgroup$ – sweber Mar 14 '15 at 16:44 • 11 $\begingroup$ Love that you programmed the solution. This is great. $\endgroup$ – egid Mar 14 '15 at 22:34 • 2 $\begingroup$ Awesome answer! I made a few changes to line it up with the current state of the question, if I messed anything up let me know. $\endgroup$ – voretaq7 Mar 14 '15 at 23:58 • 3 $\begingroup$ Thanks for your comments. The "tool" is just a python script written by myself out of the box. The graphs are done using gnuplot. The continents also just come from a data file from the web. If you want, I can upload a software bundle, so you can play with it. But I'll do that tomorrow, as it's 2pm here. $\endgroup$ – sweber Mar 15 '15 at 0:55 • 2 $\begingroup$ If you carried on around the world, would you return to your starting point? I'm guessing yes as we would be following a contour of equal magnetic potential? $\endgroup$ – IanF1 Mar 15 '15 at 10:14 Your Answer
The 14-hour, mid-October Qantas flight from Sydney to Los Angeles probably went as most do: peanuts, in-flight viewings of the latest Spider-Man, a restless toddler, some overtippling business travelers. Four days later, though, workers at a facility three hours east of Seattle were, in the words of AeroTec President Lee Human, working to have the same Boeing 747-400 “de-Qantas-ized.” The Australian airline’s logos were removed from in-cabin displays. Electronic equipment identifying Qantas was ripped out. The whole thing belonged to Rolls-Royce now. “This airplane has had a good life with Qantas Airlines for the last 19 years,” says Human, whose aerospace testing, engineering, and design firm won the Rolls-Royce contract to transform the aircraft. “Now it’s going to have a second life as a flying laboratory.” If all goes according to schedule, the 747 in two years will become an airborne testbed for Rolls-Royce engines. Pilots associated with the British company will take the plane, newly loaded with instruments, sensors, and an experimental jet engine, into the sky to be tested in conditions like those in which it will someday operate. Meanwhile, engineers in stations in the back of the aircraft will monitor the engine’s performance. Rolls-Royce is investing $70 million to refurbish the aircraft, including installing 30,000 new parts. It has a few big reasons to spend the money. For one, its current flying testbed, a Boeing 747-200 that operates out of Tucson, Arizona, is almost 50 years old, so it’s harder and harder to find parts, says Rolls-Royce director of development and experimental engineering Gareth Hedicker. Also, this 747-400 aircraft will be able to fly higher and faster than its predecessor, which means Rolls-Royce can test its engines in a greater variety of situations. The new instruments being added to the plane will allow Rolls-Royce to simulate a wide range of electrical and hydraulic conditions. This will let the company collect more data on how its jet engines work, says Hedicker. It’s unusual for engine companies to build flying laboratories for testing purposes, says Richard Anderson, a professor of aerospace engineering at Embry-Riddle University. Most rely on ground testing, replicating the low air density and 600 mph speeds of air travel. Then they use sophisticated techniques—and Federal Aviation Administration–certified safety processes—to ensure that those results can be replicated up above. Building a flying tester might allow Rolls-Royce’s engineering teams to more quickly move through the iterative design and testing process, says Anderson. But it’s more expensive, especially with a 747. “That’s a very large and expensive airplane to operate as a testbed,” Anderson says. But Rolls-Royce deliberately chose a larger, four-engine plane for its versatility. The company can, for example, replace one of the engines with an experimental model, and—because 747s can survive on three engines—not worry that a wrong move will send the plane plummeting toward Earth. Rolls-Royce has also asked AeroTec to do something unusual: It will reroute fuel, electrical equipment, and hydraulic systems, and add sensors, so that an extra, smaller fifth engine can be mounted on the 747’s forward fuselage. “It’s not a trivial exercise,” says Hedicker. But it is an exercise with a purpose: Rolls-Royce will be able to test its business jet engines on the airplane as well. (The other engines won’t be turned off in flight, but they can be adjusted to make sure that the smaller guy is doing some of the work.) Source link Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Wrap the Router You may never need this one but it's here in case. There are times that you may need to override or decide whether the Router will be executed on an incoming request. If you've any previous experience with the net/http and other web frameworks this function will be familiar with you (it has the form of a net/http middleware, but instead of accepting the next handler it accepts the Router as a function to be executed or not). // WrapperFunc is used as an expected input parameter signature // for the WrapRouter. It's a "low-level" signature which is compatible // with the net/http. // It's being used to run or no run the router based on a custom logic. type WrapperFunc func(w http.ResponseWriter, r http.Request, router http.HandlerFunc) // WrapRouter adds a wrapper on the top of the main router. // Usually it's useful for third-party middleware // when need to wrap the entire application with a middleware like CORS. // Developers can add more than one wrappers, // those wrappers' execution comes from last to first. // That means that the second wrapper will wrap the first, and so on. // Before build. func WrapRouter(wrapperFunc WrapperFunc) The Router searches for its routes based on the Subdomain, HTTP Method and its dynamic Path. A Router Wrapper can override that behavior and execute custom code. In this example you'll just see one use case of .WrapRouter. You can use the .WrapRouter to add custom logic when or when not the router should be executed in order to execute the registered routes' handlers. This is just for the proof of concept, you can skip this tutorial. Example Code: package main import ( func newApp() iris.Application { app := iris.New() app.OnErrorCode(iris.StatusNotFound, func(ctx iris.Context) { ctx.HTML("<b>Resource Not found</b>") app.Get("/profile/{username}", func(ctx iris.Context) { ctx.Writef("Hello %s", ctx.Params().Get("username")) app.HandleDir("/", "./public") myOtherHandler := func(ctx iris.Context) { ctx.Writef("inside a handler which is fired manually by our custom router wrapper") // wrap the router with a native net/http handler. // if url does not contain any "." (i.e: .css, .js...) // (depends on the app , you may need to add more file-server exceptions), // then the handler will execute the router that is responsible for the // registered routes (look "/" and "/profile/{username}") // if not then it will serve the files based on the root "/" path. app.WrapRouter(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, router http.HandlerFunc) { path := r.URL.Path if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/other") { // acquire and release a context in order to use it to execute // our custom handler // remember: we use net/http.Handler because here // we are in the "low-level", before the router itself. ctx := app.ContextPool.Acquire(w, r) // else continue serving routes as usual. router.ServeHTTP(w, r) return app func main() { app := newApp() // http://localhost:8080 // http://localhost:8080/index.html // http://localhost:8080/app.js // http://localhost:8080/css/main.css // http://localhost:8080/profile/anyusername // http://localhost:8080/other/random // Note: In this example we just saw one use case, // you may want to .WrapRouter or .Downgrade in order to // bypass the Iris' default router, i.e: // you can use that method to setup custom proxies too. There is not much to say here, it's just a function wrapper which accepts the native response writer and request and the next handler which is the Iris' Router itself, it's being or not executed whether is called or not, it's a middleware for the whole Router.
There is no definitive treatment for allergy that works to completely and permanently cure you of hypersensitivity to any allergen. An allergen is a substance that causes your allergic reaction or hypersensitivity reaction. Having said that, then what does the treatment do? Allergy treatments aim to get rid of your allergy symptoms and give you relief. In other words, the allergic reactions that you suffer from, because of exposure to an allergic substance, heal or disappear with treatment. However, they will reappear when you get exposed to the allergen again. To understand how allergy medicines work, you should first understand how allergy reactions occur. It is explained in what causes allergy. But we will have a quick review here. How do you get an allergic reaction? Our body has an immune system, which protects the body from any harmful substance that comes in contact with it. It could be by touch (as with poison ivy) or through food (like after eating prawns) and drink or through the air that we breathe in (like pollen), or it could be due to a drug injected into the body (penicillin). Such a substance is called an antigen. In the case of an allergic reaction, it is called an allergen. Allergy is an abnormal and exaggerated response of our immune system to a substance that is otherwise safe. The immune system views this otherwise safe substance (called an allergen in the case of an allergic reaction) as a harmful substance and calls on its “forces” to attack it. The “forces” are mainly the white blood cells of which the mast cells play a fundamental role in regulating the immune system. The immune system forms antibodies against the allergen. These are called the immunoglobins E cells (IgE, in short). The reaction between the allergen and the IgE antibodies results in the release of certain chemicals by the mast cells, which cause the allergic reaction symptoms such as skin rash and hives. Histamine is the main chemical responsible for the allergy symptoms. It binds to the receptors in the blood vessels causing them to enlarge. Histamine can also bind to other receptors. As explained above, histamine is released when there is an allergen and antibody reaction. It is the action of histamine on the receptors, which causes the allergic reaction. There are four types receptors identified so far. They are classified as H1, H2, H3 and H4. Each has its specific place in the body. They are found in the brain, the nervous system, the skin, the stomach, the intestines and so forth. The action of histamine upon the particular receptors depends on where the histamine is released in the body during the reaction. For example, a food allergy will release the histamine in the stomach and the intestines giving rise to symptoms of food allergy. The allergy reaction is also associated with inflammation. As a matter of fact, inflammation is known to be the main pathophysiological characteristic of allergy. That is why steroids are justified in the use of allergy treatment due their anti-inflammatory properties. Allergy treatment guidelines 1. Find the right doctor who is an allergist. An allergist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and management of allergies. 2. He will diagnose the cause of your allergy (the allergen) and instruct you to avoid it at all times. 3. Taking medications, which are in essence allergy pills. They are mainly antihistamines. Besides the oral route, these drugs can also be given intramuscular (in the muscle) or intravenously (in the vein). 4. Similarly, steroid oral tablets or injections may also be required to be given, depending on the severity of the allergy reaction and the presence of inflammation. 5. Allergy eye drops are prescribed for red, itchy and watery eyes caused by eye allergy triggered by dust, cigarette smoke, perfumes, pollen, diesel exhaust, etc. 6. Allergen immunotherapy in the form of allergy shots or in the sublingual tablet form is used as a preventive treatment for allergy reactions to allergens such as grass pollens, house dust mites, and bee venom. It helps to reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and allergic conjunctivitis. 7. Last but not the least, your diet forms an important part of your allergy treatment. These, in essence, form the guidelines to relieve your allergy misery and which may take a few days. Allergen immunotherapy, also called allergy shots, however, is a long-term treatment. Who is an allergist? An allergist is an expert in the field of allergy disease. He is also called an immunologist. After medical school, he spends three years doing a residency program in internal medicine or pediatrics. Post that, he further undergoes a three-year extensive training course in allergy, asthma, and immunology. To be certified in the United States, he has to pass an examination conducted by the American Board of Allergy and Immunology. Most countries have their own such bodies. He is the person who will diagnose the cause of your allergy and treat your symptoms. Furthermore, he will start you on immunotherapy, which will help to reduce the frequency and severity of your allergy reactions. Anti-allergy drugs to treat allergy reactions and how they work in the body Your allergist has diagnosed what has caused your allergy and he will tell you to avoid the allergen at all times. This is the primary step you have to take to make your anti-allergy therapy work. Having registered that, we start with treatment as follows: 1. Drugs to treat mild to moderate allergy 2. Treatment of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock) 3. Immunotherapy also called allergy shots to prevent or reduce the frequency of allergy attacks 1. Anti-allergy medication to treat mild to moderate allergy attacks Drugs to treat skin allergies For itchy allergic skin rash take oral OTC antihistamines and apply hydrocortisone 1% skin cream, which is a topical steroid available over the counter. For hives, also called urticaria, your dermatologist will prescribe oral antihistamines and oral corticosteroids such as prednisolone. Steroids are given for as short a duration as required and this duration depends on the severity of the condition. When it is to be stopped, your doctor will stop it by slow tapering of the dose to prevent rebound of the condition. Contact dermatitis is treated with topical steroids creams or ointments. Oral antihistamines are given to relieve the itching over the skin. If an extended area of the skin is involved, your doctor may prescribe oral steroids for their anti-inflammatory effect. Eczema or atopic dermatitis is a chronic condition that requires the use of long-term treatment. The following treatment guidelines may be followed: • Avoid soaps. Use emollients instead • Use pure cotton clothes • Do not scratch the affected area • Oral antihistamines are given to fight the itching • Steroids creams are used to treat moist or weeping areas of skin. Ointments are used to treat areas of the skin, which are dry or thickened. Lotions are reserved for the scalp. • If necessary, strong topical steroids for a short period of three days may be necessary for a flare-up of the eczematous condition. • Eczema can get infected. In such cases, your doctor may prescribe a short course of oral antibiotics and steroids along with a topical antibiotic-steroid combination. Treating eye allergies Allergy eye drops are liquid preparations for topical use to treat symptoms of eye allergy such as burning in the eyes, itching, a feeling of foreign body in the eye, redness, and swollen eyelids. An eye allergy is triggered by the same allergens that trigger hay fever. They include pollen, dust and animal dander. The first line of treatment is with antihistamine eye drops, which will ease the itching and watering of the eyes. These drops have to be used 3 to 4 times a day. Ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail) are NSAIDs eye drops which reduce the inflammation and give quick relief. More severe forms of eye inflammation may require steroid eye drops available on prescription such as loteprednol (Alrex, Lotemax). Doctors don’t recommend the use of steroid eye drops for long periods because they can give you cataract, eye infection, and glaucoma. OTC decongestant eye drops are advised to reduce the redness of the eyes. Examples include Naphazoline HCL (Clear Eyes) and Phenylephrine HCL (Refresh) Drugs to treat respiratory allergies For allergic rhinitis (hay fever), use an OTC decongestant and oral OTC antihistamine. If necessary, use an OTC nasal spray. • Antihistamines and analgesics (for accompanying fever or a headache) such as actifed. • Decongestants like pseudoephedrine are given to clear a blocked nasal passage. • Antihistamines and steroid eye drops may be required for accompanying conjunctivitis. • Antibiotics may be required for any super-added bacterial infection. • Decongestant and/or steroid nasal sprays are also used to clear a blocked nasal passage. Inhalation of vapor is also useful. Steroids play an important role in reducing any inflammation that may be present. Allergic sinusitis is treated with oral antihistamines and nasal decongestant sprays to clear the blocked nasal passages. Oral antibiotics may be necessary in case the sinuses are infected. Steam inhalation helps to soften up and drain the mucus in the sinuses. Topical nasal steroids may be necessary for inflammation not controlled by nasal decongestants. Treatment of bronchial asthma Bronchial asthma, an allergic manifestation of respiratory tract allergy causes respiratory distress to the person due to narrowing of the airway passages. This airway constriction is the direct result of an allergic reaction due to inhalation of an allergen. Drugs to treat bronchial asthma are classified into short-acting medications to give quick relief from symptoms and long term drugs to prevent further attacks. Oxygen is given if saturation falls below 92% Fast acting medications for quick relief include beta2-adrenoceptor agonists (SABA), such as salbutamol, which form the first line of treating an acute attack. Salbutamol, also known as albuterol opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. It is available as an inhaler or nebulizer but is also available as a pill and intravenous solution. Anticholinergic medications, such as ipratropium bromide are at times given in combination with SABA to control stubborn symptoms in moderate to severe cases. For the long-term control of asthma symptoms, inhaled form corticosteroids such as betamethasone are the most effective. Oral steroids may be added if required in persistent cases. Prednisolone is prescribed for five days. Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists (LABA) such as salmeterol are given in combination with oral steroids to better control asthma symptoms. The FDA has recommended LABAs be used only in conjunction with inhaled steroids in asthma. Intravenous steroids are used in severe and stubborn cases of asthma where oral steroids do not give relief. These medications include prednisone and methylprednisolone, which reduce the severe inflammation n the airway passages. Drugs to treat food allergies • Avoid foods that cause you allergy. Before buying anything off the shelf, remember to read the label on the container carefully and try to identify if your allergen is present or not. • Mild to moderate symptoms of food allergy (e.g., itching, sneezing, hives and rashes) are treated with topical antihistamines and steroids. Oral routes of these drugs may be required in stubborn cases where topicals do not give the desired effect. • Loose motions are treated with antibiotics and/or anti-amoebic drugs if such infection is found in the stool examination. • Vomiting is treated with anti-emetics like stemetil. • As for abdominal pain, antispasmodics are given to ease the pain. • Anti-flatulent antacids are also added for flatulence. • Severe anaphylactic reactions can arise with ingestion of strong food allergens such as prawns or after an injection of the drug penicillin and their treatment is discussed below. 2. Treatment of anaphylactic shock Anaphylaxis is an emergency and is treated as such. • Lay the patient flat • Admitin ICU • Monitor: Pulse oximetry, ECG, BP • Patient is put on high flow oxygen • Injection epinephrine (adrenaline) is administered IM. Adult IM dose 0.5 mg IM (0.5 mL of 1:1000) adrenaline • Intravenous (IV) antihistamines in adults and age >12 years: 10 mg IM or IV slowly. • IV cortisone administered to reduce the inflammation in the air passages and clear the passages. Dose: >12 years and adults: 200 mg IM or IV slowly • A beta-agonist (such as albuterol) to relieve difficulty in breathing 3. Immunotherapy- Allergy shots For those of us, who suffer from allergy symptoms three months or more per year and with troublesome symptoms, immunotherapy or allergy shots is a recommended form of allergy treatment. This therapy for allergy involves injecting small amounts of the allergen you are allergic to into your upper arm. This is done once or twice a week for several months. The dose of the allergen is gradually increased to a maintenance level. Once the maintenance dose is reached, you will receive one dose every two to four weeks for several months. At an appropriate time, you doctor will then give you the shot every month for 3 to 5 years. By this time, your body stops seeing the allergen as a foreign substance and stops reacting to it or at least the severity of the symptoms of the allergy reaction reduce considerably. Allergy shots work well for people who are allergic to bee stings, pollen, dust mites, mold and pet dander. Rush immunotherapy Here the immunotherapy is rather rushed with doses being given initially every few hours instead of every few days in a rush to get to the maintenance dose quickly. During rush immunotherapy, your doctor monitors you closely as this form of immunotherapy is risky in people with heart and/or lung disease. Pin It on Pinterest Share This
What You Should Know About Peptic Ulcers Barring a few internal bodily systems, an ulcer can occur just about anywhere. No one is immune from peptic ulcers, which are most commonly found in the gastrointestinal system, and they differ from leg ulcers. A peptic ulcer can be extremely hazardous to your health. It is possible for the gastrointestinal sore to eat through the intestinal lining and cause the contents of the stomach and intestines to spill out into the body cavity. This perforation can lead to death. There are other problems that you need to be aware of too and you should know the different locations where this disease can develop. Most of the ulcers people are diagnosed as having are actually peptic ulcers. The difference is in where they are located. Take for example a stomach ulcer or a duodenal ulcer. Ulcers of the stomach are found in the actual stomach and duodenal ulcers are found in the duodenum. That makes sense, right? What does not make sense is why anyone would want to risk their health by not seeking out medical guidance and treatment. Ulcers can be quite painful and in some cases very deadly if they are malignant or perforate the abdominal cavity. There are five different complications that can occur from such diseases located in the gastric region. These are: gastrointestinal bleeding (bleeding ulcer,) perforation (where the stomach contents or intestines spill into the body cavity,) penetration, scarring and Pyloric Stenosis. You definitely do not want any of these to happen to you. An untreated ulcer is nothing to scoff at because sometimes it can lead to great sickness and even death. If you have, or think you may have one, then you need to see your doctor to seek treatment as soon as possible. This is your health and your life that you are risking by not seeking out medications to help. Peptic ulcers can be caused by several things. The predominant factor is the presence of H. Pylori bacteria. It is not caused by stress, spicy foods or a certain blood type as it was once thought. Other factors that might cause an ulcer are: the use of NSAIDS over a long period of time, the overuse of laxatives, a family history (in particular a duodenal ulcer,) and Zollinger Ellison Syndrome. Luckily, the treatments are quite simple. Most ulcers will heal with medication and watching what you eat until the ulcer has healed.
Collections › MESDA Collection › Jar Lowndes, Henry Place Made: Petersburg Virginia United States of America Date Made: stoneware –salt-glazed HOA: 16″; DIA: 8 5/8″ Accession Number: With a characteristic squared rim combined with the slip trailed signature on one side that reads, “Henry Lowndes / Maker / Petersburg Virginia / 1841,” this salt-glazed stoneware jar is an excellent example of Henry Lowndes’ work. Thrown on a wheel and with a graceful ovoid shape, there is also a slip-trailed chainlike design between the handles on both sides, and a brushed floral design that can be connected to archaeological material from the location of Lowndes’ shop. The handles are pulled or extruded clay that was placed on the shoulder of the jar horizontally and then cut off at the ends, creating what is often referred to as “lug” handles. Salt glazing is a technique used by stoneware potters to create the glassy surface. When the pottery kiln reached over 2000 degrees Fahrenheit, salt was introduced to the kiln, creating a vapor. This vapor adhered to the silica in the clay, forming a glass. From the high temperature, the clay is often non-porous, or vitrified. This, combined with the salt glazing, allowed the potters to not have to apply a glaze to the interior of the vessel. It could hold liquids and not seep, unlike earthenware storage vessels. MAKER: Thomas Lowndes (d. 1811), the father of Henry Lowndes (d. 1842), was producing pottery in the northeastern region of Petersburg, Virginia, by 1806. Thomas Lowndes was an immigrant from the Staffordshire district in England, and although little evidence of his work exists, the work of his son Henry is an example of the skills he likely passed on to his children. Thomas Lowndes died in 1811 and left the pottery factory to his sons. Henry Lowndes would become the most notable and his work was distinctive. The Lowndes pottery was sold to brothers John (1824-1878) and Thomas Ducey (1822-1867) in 1855. Henry Lowndes made several pots similar to this example. Nearly all are signed, and those that are dated use the year 1841. Umstott, Charles E.”The Lowndes Stoneware Pottery of Petersburg, Virginia.” Journal of Early Southern Decorative Arts (Winter 1995) 83-97. Russ, Kurt, Robert Hunter, Oliver Mueller-Heubach, Marshall Goodman, “The Remarkable 19th-Century Stoneware of Virginia’s Lower James River Valley.” CERAMICS IN AMERICA (2013) 246-248. Credit Line: MESDA Purchase Fund
Site Loader In politics, there are two prominent ideological views that help construct society. The first ideology is conservatism, which views society as a creation of slow evolutionary development, and prefers less intervention by the state. The second ideology is liberalism, views society as a more optimistic sense of human nature and prefers more of an involved role of government within the state and society. I thereby address the question: “Examine the advantages and disadvantages of adopting two of the political ideologies (e.g. conservatism or liberalism). Which one should be more widely applied in Canada and why?”, and argue that through the examination of the advantages and disadvantages of the conservatives and liberals view of the economy, environment, and healthcare, it will become apparent that liberalism should be more widely applied in Canada. the conservative’s government view of the economy is able to exemplify many advantages in Canada’s economic market. To begin, the conservative party mainly supports the free market, which has a view for less government intervention and can support higher economic growth, better jobs, and a high standard of living for Canadian citizens (Harper, 2015). For example, conservative party leader Andrew Scheer views himself as “a free market enthusiast” who can help add value to the economy and help small businesses (Stone, 2017). Further, the free market is beneficial because there are no attempts to interfere with the supply or price of a product, leading to no loss of economic knowledge (Scruton, 2014). Therefore, it is important for Canadians to realize how the conservative parties view of the free market and lowering taxes is able to help small businesses and families grow within the Canadian economy. We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page! order now conservative party’s economic policies, however, exemplify disadvantages. Since the conservatives mainly prefer a free market economy, this can lead to fewer regulations for the Canadian market, which can end up potentially providing a less stable economy. Further, the conservatives view of the market can also potentially put the needs of the company beyond the needs of the consumers, as there are no limitations acting in a free market (Free Market, 2017). This may not be a good thing for Canadian citizens as the free market can lead to economic domination and a monopoly of power, with companies setting higher prices to consumers which could then lead to greater inequality within society. Therefore, the conservatives economic plan provides less regulation, and potentially, a less stable market for Canadian citizens. liberal parties economic plan, however, show advantages for the Canadian market. Firstly, modern liberals use resources from the state to help promote equality for one another, as they have shown favour in the notion of universal education, universal welfare, and social and economic planning (Koerner, 1985). Further, the liberals think that a controlled market with more government involvement will help create more jobs for people and equal opportunities (Trudeau, 2017). This can be a good for Canadians as a controlled market can help promote a more stable economy moving the state to play an active role in contributing to economic development (Karagiannis, 2001). Moreover, the liberals prefer to raise taxes on the one percent and lower taxes for the middle class, which can be beneficial for Canadians as it helps promote social equality for the economy. liberals view of the economy, however, also shows drawbacks. A criticism of their view is that there may be too much government in the economy and less competition could lead to less efficiency for businesses (Prager, 2015). The free market view that the conservative party has may be more efficient, as the customers determine the price point of the product. The controlled market may have too many governmental restrictions, with the government holding a monopoly over economic goods. Further, the number of goods being produced may not be balanced, as one item may be mass produced (Free Market, 2017). Therefore, the liberal parties view of the economy shows some disadvantages, their view does help promote equality which may be better in the long term. the conservatives view of environmental policies shows advantages for Canadians. The conservatives believe that policies such as carbon tax is a negative idea and that government interference may not be good for the job market (Harper, 2015) . For example, in Canada, the conservatives support developing the Alberta oil sands which could help bring crude oil to the market and develop the economy (Harper, 2015). The conservatives tend to take a less progressive approach than the liberals when dealing with the environmental challenges. However, that can be a good thing for jobs and taxpayers. For example, in 2006 Greenhouse gas emissions were 740 megatons, and by 2013 they dropped to 726 megatons which was done without raising taxes (Basen, 2015). Therefore, the conservatives are able to deal with environmental challenges, all while regulating jobs for Canadians. conservative’s environmental policies, however, do show weaknesses. The conservatives may be too mild with their regulations and against extreme environmental policies. This could be a disadvantage as today one may need extreme policies to help combat climate change. For example, the majority of conservatives prefer not to intervene in the environment, as it makes for less involvement for them within the economy because regulating greenhouse gases could be bad for corporations (Mcelwee, 2014). Therefore, conservatives may need stronger environmental policies to help regulate issues such as climate change in the Canadian environment. contrast, the liberal parties view on environmental policies show advantages for Canada. Trudeau stated that you are not able to build a strong economy without protecting the environment, which is why the liberals have a plan, for example, to restore $25 million in funding to Parks Canada (Dyck & Woo, 2017). Further, the liberal’s put out a plan for a national carbon tax, which is crucial for clean energy and helping the environment (Lunn & McDiarmid, 2017). Therefore, the liberals want to protect communities from the growing issue of climate change and help make new investments in better infrastructure leading to a more efficient environment (Trudeau, 2017). criticism of the liberal party’s view on the environment, however, is that many provinces tend to be opposed to paying a tax on carbon. Also, Trudeau made a statement about phasing out the oil sands to help better manage dependence off of fossil fuels (Muzyka, 2017). Consequently, this could end up being bad for the economy of Canada, as the oil sands are one of the biggest economic providers for jobs and money in Canada and its citizens. Therefore, the liberal’s environmental policies may be strict, but also better in the long term for protection of the environment. the conservatives view on health care in Canada is able to demonstrate advantages for Canada. The conservatives view is to privatize health care which could end up leading to faster treatment for patients and less wait times (Reith, 2017). Privatization offers quicker service and also more continuous care as opposed to universal health care. Also, too much government debt and the growing and aging of Canada’s population have posed criticisms to the publicly funded health care system (Dirnfield, 1996). Therefore, a privatized system that is regulated by insurance coverage would be able to make the system affordable for all citizens providing better health care reform. contrast, the conservatives view on health care also shows many disadvantages for Canadians. The private healthcare system has been said to “Americanize” the Canadian health care system. If the private system took place in Canada it could lead to Canadian citizens being uninsured with the lower and middle class being neglected, as the private system may be better set up for the wealthy as they can afford better care (Trudeau 2017). Further, Canadians in a recent poll showed that they prefer a system based on their needs opposed to money (Martin & Dhalla, 2017). Therefore, the conservative view on health care may not be suitable for Canadians, as universal care leads to better equality and less division between classes. liberals view on health care, however, shows a vast amount of benefits to Canadians as they prefer publicly funded healthcare because it can result in better economic security for the middle class (Trudeau, 2017). The liberal party has stated that they will put in $3 billion over 4 years to deliver better home health care, and also promised to improve mental health services for Canada’s population. Further, universal health care provides access for everyone as it is paid through citizens taxes, leaving no one left out due to financial issues (Health care in Canada , 2017). Therefore, it is important everyone gets the treatment they require and have financial protection so nobody is left out because of financial issues. contrast, the liberal party does show some disadvantages with the universal health care system. A criticism of the liberal’s view is that universal health care has the chance of increasing government debt because of an increase in taxes to pay for the healthcare system (Esmail, 2013). Also, many nations that have universal health care have shown it comes as a consequence of long wait times for treatments (Tanner, 2009). In a study that compared health care systems in developed countries, Canada’s health care system ranked third last, as some of the issues did include long wait times and poor availability for care, some of which could be solved with the privatization of the system (Scotti, 2017). Thus, Canada’s current health care system may need changing, as universal health care does show some disadvantages, it is also important to note how the liberals view can provide access to all Canadians for healthcare, no matter one’s financial a result, the liberal’s ideological perspective should be more widely applied within Canada. As demonstrated by the above arguments, Canadians prefer the notion of a more transparent government that is a force for good and change in society (Trudeau, 2017). An example of this is the liberal party seems to pay attention to the issues Canadian’s care most about and using the resources of the state to help promote social equality and freedom. Further, a poll conducted by EKOS Research showed that twice as many Canadians identify as liberal than conservative, which is therefore further changing the political landscape within Canada (Grenier, 2013). In conclusion, through the examination of both the advantages and disadvantages of the liberals and conservative’s ideological views on the economy, environment, and healthcare, it has become apparent that Canadians prefer an optimistic government that views a controlled market, stronger environmental regulations and universal health care for all citizens. Therefore, this confirms my thesis and renders it rational that liberalism exemplifies more benefits and should be more widely applied so further policies can be implemented in Canada and its citizens today. Post Author: admin I'm Eugene! Check it out
Following the Great Smog of 1952, Parliament introduced The Clean Air Act in 1956 in order to combat the lack of quality air that London had as a result of burning fuels like coal and wood. In fact, research has shown that the air was so bad that you couldn’t see your hand if you put it out in front of you. Here at Pearson Fuels, we try our very best to promote safe coal usage and, in this blog, we have decided to go over everything you need to know about Smoke Control Zones… Authorised Fuels Living in a Smoke Control Zone means that you are limited in the fuels that you can burn as you are not allowed to emit smoke from a chimney. This is where the term ‘smokeless fuels’ comes from; homeowners are permitted to burn anthracite, semi-anthracite, gas and low volatile steam coal inside their home as they are considered the safest fuels. With this said, homeowners that own exempt appliances like boilers, cookers and stoves do not have to follow these rules and are permitted to use unauthorised fuels like wood and bituminous coal in line with what the manufacturer recommends on the packaging. As always, the Pearson Fuels team advise our readers to check with their local council before buying and burning unauthorised fuels in a smoke control zone as it is important to ensure that you are following the rules. After all, the government issues £1,000 fines to homeowners who emit smoke from a chimney in a smoke control zone. Areas in the UK The majority of smoke control zones tend to be found within large cities like London, Manchester, Birmingham and Leeds; however, there are also many areas where parts of the local authority have been declared a ‘smoke control area’. As a result, this means that it is important for homeowners to check with their local council ahead of time in order to avoid prosecution. With over 70 million new cars hitting the road each day, the need to promote clean air is more important than ever. After all, poor respiratory health can lead to things like pneumonia and even lung cancer. Here at Pearson Fuels, we stock and supply a wide range of smokeless coals that are perfect for homeowners who live in smoke control zones. To find out more information, get in contact with a member of the team today!
How Is Sperm Produced? - how long for sperm to reproduce The Lifecycle of Sperm: Sperm Development how long for sperm to reproduce Sep 19, 2018 · Your testicles are constantly producing new sperm in spermatogenesis. The full process takes about 64 days. During spermatogenesis, your testicles make several million sperm per day — about 1,500 a second. By the end of a full sperm production cycle, Author: Tim Jewell. Jun 05, 2019 · The sperm development cycle takes about 74 days. While most men produce millions of new sperm every day, it takes 2 ½-3 months for them to fully mature. Jul 27, 2017 · Variability. It is often said that sperm take three months to regenerate, but 74 days is only two and a half months. Still, this may be to account for individual differences. Sep 08, 2010 · It takes just one sperm to fertilize a woman's egg. Keep in mind, though, for each sperm that reaches the egg, there are millions that don't. On average, each time a man ejaculates he releases nearly 100 million sperm.
Monday, December 23, 2019 Rudolf the Red-Nosed Reindeer One of the most infamous and popular characters in modern Christmas/Holiday folklore, is Rudolf the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Pretty much all kids hear about him and his story growing up. But the story of Rudolf isn't merely a fun tale centered around Christmas. It's the story of a misfit, an outcast, someone who is different, and thus doesn't fit in with "normal" people. A lot of us can identify with that, which I feel is a huge part of why the Rudolf mythos has remained so strong over the decades. The legendary song. Rudolf was born out of the imagination of one Robert Lewis May, in 1939. The department store Montgomery Ward had been giving out coloring books for kids for years, but wanted to save money by releasing their own story, instead of licensing out others. So they hired May to create a coloring book for them, and what he ultimately came up with, was the tale of a misfit reindeer with a shiny red nose. Originally outcast because of his difference from other reindeer, he eventually gets accepted, even celebrated, when his unique nose helps Santa save Christmas. The book was a huge hit, becoming a repeat seller in later years. It also got turned into a popular song, which most of you are familiar with, originally sung by country-western singer Gene Autry. As insane as it sounds, that record was so popular, that it sold over 25 million copies, and was the second best selling album of all time until sometime in the 1980s (I'm going to imagine it got unseated, perhaps, by Michael Jackson's "Thriller"). The song alone is one of the top "Christmas Songs" people tend to associate with the season, along with other perennials like "Frosty the Snowman", "Silver Bells", "White Christmas", etc. The original cartoon. On November 11th, 1948, Max Fleischer released the first ever film adaptation of the Rudolf story. Produced at the time to help advertise Montgomery Ward, it was one of his last major projects, after such a successful earlier career with properties like Betty Boop, Popeye the Sailor, and Superman. This theatrical short, takes more after the original book than the song, in fact the first release didn't even include the song. But it is a great piece of animation, and a faithful, simple telling of Rudolf's story. It's widely available to watch now for free online, as it's in the public domain, and I highly suggest if you've never seen it, dedicating eight minutes of your life to experience what you could rightly call Fleischer's last masterpiece. The one EVERYONE knows. The more famous adaptation, of course, wouldn't come until roughly sixteen years later, in 1964. Arthur Rankin Jr and Jules Bass, who had founded the production company called "Videocraft International", later known as Rankin/Bass Productions, were just starting what would be a long and successful career for them as creators of (mostly) television content.As Fate would have it, the project which would become their first major success, would be a new adaptation of the Rudolf story. In point of fact, it would go on to become THE most enduring and popular telling of it. Different from birth. Narrated by the great folk music legend Burl Ives, himself known for some great Christmas songs, in the friendly guise of Sam the Snowman, the Rankin/Bass telling was based more around the by-then famous song. Rudolf, born to Santa's lead reindeer, Donner, and his wife, is immediately noticed by his parents for being different. Even Santa, who stops by to see the child, takes note of the "Shiny Nose", and Donner swears he'll grow out of it. Except that poor Rudolf DOESN'T grow out of it, prompting Donner to fashion a silly looking fake black nose, to make his son look "normal". Meanwhile, Hermy the Elf, a completely new character who doesn't especially love Christmas or making toys like all the rest of Santa's elves do, instead has aspirations to be a dentist. This gains him the ire and derision of his fellow elves, making him a misfit as well. I'll note here, that Hermy also doesn't seem to look like the other elves, outside of being short. Most notably, he has rounded, human-like ears, instead of pointy ones. This is never addressed in the special, but one would imagine his looking different, like Rudolf, would also set him apart. The dashing young doe, Clarice. When it comes time for young Rudolf to play in the "Reindeer Games", where they get trained to fly and such, he immediately makes what seems to be a friend, in Fireball, the son of Comet. He also takes notice of a pretty young doe named Clarice, who seems to be the daughter of another of the famous Eight Reindeer who pull Santa's sleigh. He works up the courage to talk to her, and she tells him she thinks he's cute, which sends him leaping off into the air, flying better than any of the other young reindeer. Comet, the coach, is impressed, until Rudolf's nose, after roughhousing with Fireball, is revealed to all. He is, as the song goes, forbidden from playing in any more "Reindeer Games", all because of his looks. I'd like to take the time to point out that in this special, Santa Claus, a character for whom I have great life-long affection, spends most of his time acting like a stressed out grump. Mrs. Claus spends her time trying to get him to eat, because he's "too skinny" at the time. And Santa, upon seeing Rudolf's nose, which he didn't grow out of, is shown expressing disappointment to Donner, even telling him "you ought to be ashamed". While I love this special, I think the portrayal of Santa is silly, as realistically, this character who is supposed to be the embodiment of jolliness and generosity, would not be so petty and low as to care about, much less shame, Rudolf's odd "malformity". But I digress. New best friends. Their savior, Yukon. After Rudolf runs away, being ridiculously shunned by the other reindeer, Clarice runs after him, telling him she doesn't care about his nose. In fact, she seems to have taken quite a liking to him, though her father shows up, and tells Rudolf in no uncertain terms that "no doe of mine is going to be seen with a red-nosed reindeer!" This is the final straw, and Rudolf, after a chance meeting with the equally shunned Hermy the Elf, decides that together, they are going to run away, since they're not wanted. This leads them out into the frozen wastes of the North Pole, and they find themselves having to hide Rudolf's nose in a snowstorm, lest they be seen, and presumably eaten, by the Monster of the North, the Abominable Snowman. Somehow surviving the night, even though they clearly have no idea what they're doing, their fortunes change when run across a new friend, a human named Yukon Cornelius, who has traveled so far north with his sled-dogs, in search of Silver and Gold. Ol' Yukon shows them the ropes, and helps them to survive, though they run afoul of "Old Bumble" once more, causing them to flee on an ice drift. The Bumble. King Moonracer, of the Island of Misfit Toys. They wind up on a hidden island, The Island of Misfit Toys, where toys seemingly unwanted for various defects, live because allegedly no child would want them. They are introduced to the island's ruler, King MoonRacer, a magical winged lion, who tells them of the toys' plight. They resolve that they should eventually return home, and tell Santa about the toys, in hopes that he'll find homes for them. Rudolf, still believing himself to be a danger to others, takes off on his own, returning home first, only to find that his parents and Clarice have gotten lost somewhere, out looking for him. What a hero. Finally being recognized. He tracks them down, only to find that they are endangered by the Abominable himself, who Rudolf stands up to, only to get knocked out. Ultimately, the day is saved by Yukon, who seemingly perishes falling over a cliff with the monster. The reindeer return home, in time to find that Christmas is in trouble, because the worst snowstorm in years is making it so Santa won't be able to fly his sleigh to take presents to the world's children. But wouldn't you know it, he sees Rudolf's glowing nose, and EUREKA, he realizes that it could act as a lamp to light their way! Christmas is saved, and Rudolf, who has been unjustly ostracized all along for something he can't help, is finally not only accepted, but is the hero of the day. The NEW lead reindeer. The Misfit Toys. They also manage to keep their promise, and stop by the island, to pick up the Misfit Toys, whom Santa finds homes for. They even learn that Yukon survived, because duh, "Bumbles Bounce", and that Hermey, who had stayed behind to look for him, used his dental accumen to remove the poor monster's teeth, rendering him harmless. Not only harmless, but friendly, as he helps put he star on the North Pole Christmas Tree! All's well that ends well, and everyone seems to live happily ever after. Sam the Snowman. Voiced by Burl Ives. As a kid, like many kids I'm sure, I saw this special at an early age. Early enough, in fact, that I had already seen it multiple times by the time I was in pre-school, and knew how it went. So when they showed it at school, I stated matter-of-factly that I had "already seen it", and was allowed to go play with toys while the other kids watched, even though I still watched some of it anyway. Pre-school snootiness aside, I've always been a fan of this Rankin/Bass Production, as I was of many of their other creations (including the 80s shows Thundercats and Silverhawks). I remember being afraid of the Bumble monster, and even at a young age dreaming of finding "my own Clarice". In its own way, this special is a masterpiece. The stop-motion animation, handled as most of their animation was in Japan, while certainly not up to the standards of theatrical excellence that Ray Harryhausen set, is still rather good. The characters are memorable, as are the songs, mostly sung by Burl Ives, including one of my favorite Christmas standards that he made famous, "Have a Holly Jolly Christmas". I actually remember my grandmother owning some Burl Ives tapes, one of which was a Christmas album, which I would listen to often as a child. His voice, in many ways to me, was the "Voice of Christmas" as I was growing up. Lending a helping hand. All in all, the story of Rudolf itself, I think endures because it is a tale of difference, and being accepted for your differences. The Rankin/Bass special, has played on TV every single year (sometimes multiple times), since it's debut in 1964, which makes it the longest running Christmas special of all time. A pretty cool distinction if you ask me, though to be fair, A Charlie Brown Christmas and How the Grinch Stole Christmas, have also been shown pretty much every year since their debuts as well. To me, as a life-long fan of stop-motion animation, I'm glad that the Rudolf special endures, because it allows the art-form, as well as the great special itself, to be seen by new generations of kids. And I think that's important, personally. If I ever get to have children, while they are of course free to like whatever new stuff they want (even if I hate it), I am absolutely going to raise them on all of the classic things that I myself love. I'm going to share my passions with them, and this special, and others like it, will be a part of that. And it goes without saying, that yes, my kids will be allowed to believe in Santa. I think it's ridiculous, even mean-spirited, to not allow that. Santa, and the Christmas Season in general, meant so much to me as a kid. It's such a time of wonder, and fun, and I think every kid, regardless of culture or religion, deserves something like that. Anyways, I hope that you all have a Holly Jolly Christmas, or whatever you celebrate. And if you get a chance, give the old Rudolf special a spin, especially if you have kids who have never seen it before!
Five myths of learning Programming that every coder should know Five myths of learning Programming that every coder should know 5 Misconceptions About Learning Programming that you should know Want to make a career in programming but think you’re not (and never will be) cut out for the job? Do you think that this career path is only meant for geeks or mathematics experts? No, you are wrong! Ironically, there are many misconceptions and myths that surround the art of programming. Don’t let a few misleading ideas keep you from learning a new skill which is fast becoming the most important skill of the century. In this article, we are going to debunk those myths and misconceptions, so that anyone who wants to learn new skills or make a career or earn more money can move more swiftly toward a job in this industry. Here’s the truth behind 5 top common myths about becoming a developer. 1. I Have To Be A Math Whiz To Learn Programming Languages People often misunderstand the relationship between mathematics and programming. In reality, developers are just ordinary people who simply have a passion for programming. Also, a programmer writes codes and not math formulas, and the knowledge in math is not directly proportional to one’s programming skill. All you need to know is basic algebra, logic, strong problem-solving skills, and most of all, have patience. Besides, there are libraries and plugins, which you can apply directly into your code to help you solve mathematical and algorithmic problems. Finally, like any other profession, talent only gets people so far, as work ethic and discipline truly determine success or failure. 2. I Must Learn Only The Best Language A common question that a beginner asks is, “What is the best language to learn?” While it may sound like a good question, it can also be misleading. The answer to the question would that the best language for you to learn is the one that fits your current purpose, either for work or study. In other words, there is no best programming language as such, it depends on what you want to do with it. For instance, if you want to be a web developer, start with HTML and CSS, which are the foundational languages of the web. If you are more interested in general computer programming, then concentrate on languages that have a lot of online documentation and tutorials to supplement your learning. Always remember, as your learning progresses, the strengths and weaknesses of each language will uncover themselves. Based on the language’s speed, exclusive features, compatibility, maintainability, etc., decide your tools of choice. 3. I Should Memorize All Syntaxes And Avoid Help The common thinking is that if you write a program without external guidance, you can memorize everything and become a true pro that can build anything from scratch. However, the fact is that you do not need to worry about memorizing syntaxes, as writing the same code thousands of times before you can flip the table will help you create a framework yourself. Google, IDE and Frameworks are not created out of boredom – they are particularly designed to help you pick up programming faster. The best practice is to use IDE with syntax recommendation and, whenever you run into trouble consult the Google crystal ball. Adopting frameworks help you understand what that programming language does, and what boundaries it can be pushed to. Then when you have progressed enough, experiment with specific programming features. Explore and have fun messing up. 4. I Just Can’t Write That Much Code Are you one of those people who are just too scared to view a webpage source? You can bet that an enormous 4000 lines of code can be quite overwhelming. However, HTML is not a programming language, it is just a mark-up language. It sets up a structure for the web using tags that allow you to mark-up your content. Its content very much reveals what every code file contains in general. A closer look at it will reveal that they are just piles of code containing repetitive statements, methods and loops. Mostly, programming use the same material that you learn as a beginner and in intermediate courses to do solve simple and complicated solutions. Once you start coding, you will feel that even 10,000 lines of code is nothing and get addictive to it very quickly. 5. It Only Takes Weeks To Learn And Master A Programming Language Don’t believe this tagline. In reality, you can spend weeks to learn programming, but it takes years to master programming. Like drawing, programming requires an interest and patience. Similarly, many of the things you create at first may be of little use. However, just remember to take one step at a time if are moving forward. To become a good programmer, you should feel very good every time you fail, because that’s the only way you can progress. Remember coding is like a art which can be perfected only with perseverance. Like there are no shortcuts in life, learning programming also doesn't have shortcuts. You have to keep on doing it till you get it right. Post a Comment
Manage species groups in biomonitoR Sometimes happens to have species groups in your data (e.g Rhyacophila nubila/obliterata). To overcome this issue you can import your data and putting the problematic species in the user’ custom database (and of course in the Taxa column of the database to analyse). Then you have to move to R where you must replace the slash (as in our example) with a space from both the database to analyse and from the custom database. This should assure that your species groups will be recognised by asBiomonitor. # use gsub to replace slash with space # (macro is the database to analyze and user_db # the custom database to add to the reference database) # for example we want to change species groups like # Rhyacophila nubila/obliterata to Rhyacophila nubila obliterata macro$Taxa <- gsub("/", "_", macro$Taxa, fixed = T) user_db$Taxa <- gsub("/", "_", user_Db$Taxa, fixed = T) user_db$Species <- gsub("/", "_", user_db$Species, fixed = T) macro.asb <- asBiomonitor(macro, dfref = user_db, overwrite = F) Reference database Reference database is a modified version of the database of and is structured as follow: Column Taxa must contain unique elements, in other words you can not have the same name repeated twice or more. You can add missing taxa by using the same structure of the reference database and by specifying it in the dfref option: # macro is the data.frame provided by the user You must assure that the taxa you add are not already present in the default database. Alternatively you can replace the default database with your custom database, specifying it in the overwrite option: macro.asb <- asBiomonitor(macro, dfref = user_db, overwrite = T) The possibility to use your own reference database is very important. As an example, if you want to correctly calculate Iberian ASPT (IASPT) you have to provide a modified version of the database (ask us for this database). This is because biomonitoR consider Ancylus and Ferrissia as Planorbidae while the IASPT consider them as belonging to the families Ancylidae and Ferrissidae, respectively. You must assure that the custom database contains all the names of the taxa that you want anaylize with biomonitoR. WARNING!!! The current version of biomonitoR does not support uncertain classification of taxa (e.g Rhyacophila nubila/obliterata) but see this post for a workaround. The function asBiomonitor is the core of the package biomonitoR. The default settings allows the user to compare and merge his dataset to the database taken from Compare means that the taxa list of the user’s data.frame is compared with that of reference database, after that the two are merged. macro.asb <- asBiomonitor(macro, dfref = NULL, overwrite = F) where macro is the user’s data.frame. This data.frame must have a column named “Taxa” where put species, genus, family, etc. names and one or more columns of samples. When user’s taxa list contains spelling errors asBiomonitor provides suggestions to correct the wrong name if a similar name exists in the reference database. If suggestions are not provided the user has to exit from the script by pressing esc on the keyboard. This behaviour is required to assure compatibility between user data.frame and reference database. To overcome this issue the user can provide is own reference database in order to modify or replace the existing reference database. Add custom reference data.frame to the default reference database. Replace the default reference database with the custom database. The structure of the custom data.frame is the topic of this post.
Sort by Lessons from Deep Horizon: Proper Regulations and Oversight Can Prevent Disasters J. Mijin Cha Tomorrow is the third anniversary of the Deep Horizon explosion that spilled 200 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The spill fouled 1,110 miles of beaches and marsh along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. Three years later, the cleanup continues and crews continue to find oil buried and tar balls washing ashore. The damage done to the Gulf Coast went beyond just the spill. The dispersants used as part of the immediate cleanup were toxic and when mixed with oil, became 52 times more toxic to marine species than just oil alone. It will take years to assess the full economic and environmental impact of the spill. So, three years on what have we learned? Criminal and civil proceedings against BP are underway and so far, have amounted to just a slap on the wrist. This reality is particularly egregious given BP’s repeated violations of safety and environmental regulations. Ruthless cost-cutting measures resulted in the company methodically taking safety short-cuts with fewer inspections and letting safety infrastructure deteriorate. Apart from continually putting the public and the environment at risk, the lack of proper safety measures is directly responsible for the Deep Horizon spill. The Deep Horizon Study Group report found that the explosion was completely avoidable if BP had followed existing guidelines and practices. Why was BP allowed to get away with all these safety violations? For years, the oil and gas industry had pushed for, and won, a series of measures that deregulated the industry and increased self-regulation. A provision under the 2005 Energy Policy Act dramatically expanded the circumstances under which new drilling permits could be approved without further environmental reviews of assessments. Incidentally, the 2005 Act also led to the substantial increase in fracking operations because it exempted fracking from Clean Water Act despite the potential impact on drinking water supplies. Continued deregulation coupled with inadequate oversight will ensure more disastrous accidents. Earlier this week, a massive explosion at a fertilizer plant in Texas injured hundreds and killed up to 15 people. While the cause of the explosion is still being investigated, the plant, West Fertilizer, was fined $10,000 last summer for safety violations that included planning to transport anhydrous ammonia without a security plan. State officials require all facilities that handle anhydrous ammonia to have sprinklers and other safety measures because it is a flammable substance. Yet, West Fertilizer filed a risk-management plan with the EPA about a year earlier that said the company did not handle flammable materials and, therefore, did not have sprinklers, fire walls, or other safety mechanisms in place at the plant. We need to stop the assault on regulations and ensure proper funding for regulatory oversight and enforcement. Any cost of enforcement or oversight is minimal compared the billions that are needed every time a catastrophic incident occurs--costs often borne by taxpayers even as the companies responsible increase their profits. Without stronger regulations and proper oversight, we ensure more and more avoidable disasters.
Film history How Germany became a dubbing nation Dubbing studio Dubbing studio \| Photo (detail): © Ula Brunner While most countries show foreign-language films in the original version with subtitles, the Germans have developed a predilection for dubbed dialogues. But why? In hardly any other country has a similarly prominent and high-level dubbing culture emerged as in Germany. Yet in the early days of sound films – or “talkies” – in around 1930, when the need to translate foreign-language films became an issue, audiences were not at all enthusiastic at first about the unfamiliar voices they heard in the dialogues. Alongside dubbing and subtitling, there was one other alternative back then – to remake the film as accurately as possible in the local language. These different options were practised in parallel, and the film industry first had to discover which would become most popular with audiences. Of these methods, subtitling was the easiest to accomplish but the most tiring for the viewer, remakes were the most expensive but also most popular, and dubbing was the most controversial. Having actors speak in unfamiliar voices clashed with the traditional viewing and listening habits. Critics at the time described the hybrid bastard form that was thus created as “witchcraft” or “homunculus”, as an “amputation” involving an “artificial prosthetic voice” being fixed to the “bloody stump”. Gradual acceptance of dubbing This sense of unease was exacerbated by the dogmatic and fastidious attempts to synchronize the lips in early dubbing work. The compulsion to synchronize the text precisely with the lip movements of the actors led to it deviating considerably from the original, giving rise to a very wooden-sounding German. During the course of the 1930s, there was a gradual move away from this obsession with lip-synching. Audiences got over their initial “homunculus shock” and found it increasingly convenient to listen to dialogues in German rather than having to decipher the subtitles. Nonetheless, dubbing failed to achieve full-scale acceptance even during the period of Nazi rule. Original versions with subtitles were also shown, at least in major cities, and remakes were likewise produced in isolated cases. By 1941, the only foreign films screened were a handful of Spanish and Italian productions, because Hollywood films were banned after the USA joined the war. entertainment anD re-education The end of the Second World War, the assumption of power by the Allied forces and the division of Germany into occupation zones mark the decisive turning point in the history of film dubbing. Two factors above all were responsible for the subsequent upswing: for one thing, at first cinemas would show exclusively American, British, French or Russian films. And for another thing, the Allies showed their films not only to entertain the masses, but also to re-educate them in the practice of democratic norms and values. This political and social function resulted in the translation question becoming a top priority once again. Those at the receiving end of this film policy reacted with some reservations to these educational endeavours: the Germans did not go to the cinema to be taught a lesson, but to take their minds off the post-war misery. After years of German nationalist indoctrination and isolation from international culture, they responded recalcitrantly to the “foreign” element that was being imposed upon them via the soundtrack. After all, only original versions with scant subtitles were screened at first. The Allies had to react to these sensitivities. They understood that cultural transfer could only be accomplished if dubbing were used. It was precisely in this specific post-war constellation, with the disparate expectations of the occupying powers on the one hand and of the population on the other, that Germany began its rise to become the leading dubbing nation alongside Italy and Spain. Christoph Cierpka (right) in the Berlin rekorder studios Photo (detail): © Ula Brunner “Our job is to go unnoticed”: dubbing directors A director and author, Christoph Cierpkas's job is to ensure that German is spoken in international films. But how is this done? A look behind the scenes of a niche profession. Furnishing foreign-language films with German dialogues now proved to be the ideal method of conveying messages between the two extremes of the “foreign” and the “familiar”. This reduced the dissonances because cinema audiences were not only being confronted with languages they did not understand but also with unknown genres and cultural codes – such as social role models or ways of resolving conflicts – that they first needed to decipher. Having all of this presented in the familiar sound of their native language made the reception process considerably easier, as it suggested familiarity rather than alienation. In this way, audiences found it easier to apply what they were seeing to their own lives. Wide-scale dubbing has been practised in Germany since roughly 1949/50. From this time on, original versions were a rarity. As far as the Germans were concerned, the world they saw on the big screen spoke German. The dialogues were smoothly and inconspicuously adapted to the mentality of the post-war society. Society’s tacit agreement to play down and suppress the country’s Nazi past, war crimes and genocide was observed with painstaking accuracy. Films from abroad that threatened to violate this agreement were edited accordingly in the dubbing studios. The high point (or rather the low point) came in the 1952 version of Casablanca (Michael Curtiz, USA 1942), which essentially was a special version of the film for the average German: all scenes featuring Nazis in uniform were removed. Reduced to a banal melodrama, the film was thus robbed of its anti-fascist message. In every Allied film in which the Germans were portrayed as “the bad guys”, these characters would be given a different origin. The Nazis who were trading in uranium ore in Hitchcock’s Notorious were transformed into international drug smugglers, the German title of the film meaning White Poison. Cultural transfer - yes or no? This practice of ridding films of any German characters with negative associations can still be encountered occasionally to this day. Uncritical acceptance of this came to an end when DVDs came out, as they allowed anyone to access the original version. This is a crucial step forward, for a compulsion to dub all films – including even Japanese, Indian or Mexican releases – ultimately gives rise to cultural uniformity. Many of a film’s cultural, ethnic and linguistic connotations cannot be adequately translated. What is more, the way a character speaks is another important form of expression in a film. So however convenient dubbing may appear, stripping other cultures of their language and voices impairs rather than promotes cultural transfer. Thomas Bräutigam, Nils Daniel Peiler (Hrsg.): Film im Transferprozess: Transdisziplinäre Studien zur Filmsynchronisation (Marburger Schriften zur Medienforschung), Schüren Verlag GmbH, 2015 Thomas Bräutigam: Stars und ihre deutschen Stimmen. Lexikon der Synchronsprecher, Schüren Verlag GmbH, 2008
Skip to main content Shipping on the Northern Sea Route Subscribe for access Author thumbnail Author(s): Arild Moe, Senior Research Fellow, Fridtjof Nansen Institute The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is the term used by Russia to describe the sea area between Novaya Zemlya island in the west to the Bering Strait in the east and out to 200 nautical miles from shore. It also describes an area where Russia maintains a special regime for navigation, with reference to the “ice paragraph”, article 234 in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that allows coastal states to regulate traffic on a nondiscriminatory basis in ice-covered areas within the exclusive economic zone to prevent pollution. Shipping companies using the sea route must apply to Russia’s Northern Sea Route Administration to enter or pass through the sea route area. The administration determines whether icebreaker escort is required or if the ship can navigate autonomously, based on ice class, season and ice situation. If escort is required, the shipping company or the cargo owner must negotiate conditions for escort with… Featured in the Edition: AI & Automation PTI Edition 74 • Digital & Print PTI Edition 74: AI & Automation. This editions looks at the burgeoning ability of AI and what that means for society, workers and the global supply chain.
Why Study the History of Ancient Egypt? From a lecture series presented by The Great Courses We know an incredible amount about the history of Egypt. We don’t know as much about the Mayans, the Assyrians, or the Babylonians, but we do know a lot about the Egyptians. Find out why that is and how best to approach a study of ancient Egypt. View of pyramids with Sphinx Pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the Sphinx So, why study Egyptology? What is it about the history of ancient Egypt that has captivated historians for generations? Let’s start with why you should be learning Egyptology. There is an element of escapism in it. Egypt is a wonderful place to go when you’re tired of the real world, when things get too busy, when things are too hectic. Egypt is a place far, far away in time and space. This is a transcript from the video series The History of Ancient Egypt. Watch it now, on The Great Courses Plus. The Most Advanced Ancient Civilization Ancient Egypt was the most advanced civilization in the ancient world. Now there are some people who would disagree with that. The people who study Sumeria; for example, Samuel Noah Kramer was a great scholar on Sumeria and he wrote a book called History Begins at Sumer where he outlined all the things that begin in Sumeria. He was wrong; history does not begin at Sumeria. It really starts in Egypt. Why is Egypt so special among the cultures of the ancient world? Learn more about being Egyptian King Pharaoh God on Egypt palace Monotheism, the belief in one god, is first presented by an Egyptian pharaoh. There are so many firsts in Egypt that we all know about, and that makes Egypt unique. For example, the Sumerians did not build the pyramids of Egypt. The Sumerians did not build the incredible temples we see. The Sumerians did not do medical science the way the Egyptians did. There are loads of firsts in ancient Egypt; that’s why Egypt is important. For example, religion. Most people are shocked to learn that monotheism, the belief in one god, is first presented by an Egyptian pharaoh. Monotheism starts in Egypt. Or, for example, mummification. It’s the Egyptians who perfected the science of mummification. Or Egyptian mythology. Nothing, no mythology is as rich as Egyptian mythology. Egypt is incredible. For example, the Greeks, the famous Greeks, the ancient civilization, they revered ancient Egypt. If you read Greek historians, they all say the same thing: We got our civilization from Egypt. They wanted to trace their lineage back to the Egyptians, because the Greeks were sort of “Johnny-come-lately” on the scene compared to the Egyptians. Here you’re talking about The Iliad, The Odyssey, maybe being composed around 900 B.C. The pyramids were built a couple of thousand years earlier. So the Greeks always wanted to trace their—it’s like, when people want to trace their heritage back to the Mayflower, “my ancestors came over on the Mayflower,” that’s what the Greeks did with Egypt. There is a wonderful story. When the Greeks were holding the Olympiad, they wanted to figure out how to make it fair, because there were foreigners who wanted to participate in the Olympiad, in the Olympic Games. They figured, well, we have Greek officials, how would we make it fair, they might be biased toward the Greeks. So they sent a committee to Egypt, because the Egyptians were wise in philosophy. And they asked the Egyptians: How do we make it fair? So the Greeks really wanted to trace everything back to Egypt. There is nothing like Egypt. If you ask the ancient Greeks where did you learn to build your temples, they all said the same thing: “We learned to build in stone from the Egyptians.” The first building in stone in the history of the world is an Egyptian building. So, there are plenty of reasons for studying Egypt. A Great Mystery Another reason is that Egypt is somewhat mysterious. People look at the hieroglyphs, and they look indecipherable. They are not. But there is this mysterious aspect about Egypt that draws people to it. Papyrus scroll with ancient Egypt hieroglyphic Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics looks indecipherable (but they are not) and that makes them very mysterious and interesting. And then there is the art. There’s nothing like Egyptian art. If you go into a museum and you look at Greek art, the wonderful kraters, the large pots, Cycladic idols are very stylistic. But it’s not the colorful, vibrant Egyptian art. There is just something special about Egyptian art. So, there are plenty of reasons why we should study Egypt. Unpacking Biases There are various approaches to how to study Egypt, and it’s important that you understand these different approaches, because there are biases among them. The first is what we call the philological approach. Now philological comes from two Greek words: philo, which is love, and logos, which is words. It’s the love of words. Philologists are the language people; these are the translators. These are the guys who take a really tough text and can translate it. Egyptologists can translate hieroglyphs moderately well, but when you get a really tough text, we go to the philologists. And there is an approach to the history Egypt that’s philological, through the language. Learn more about cities, civilizations, and sources Sir Alan Gardiner, a great scholar of the 1930s, 1940s, was a philologist. His specialty was language, hieroglyphs. He wrote a history of Egypt. A solid history, lots of good stuff in it, but it’s mainly through language. Here is an example of how you figure out the history of Egypt through language. Take one pharaoh’s name, the pharaoh Montuhotep, made up of two Egyptian words. Montu, who is a war god. And hotep means “to be pleased.” This is why you get lots of pharaohs whose names are things like Amenhotep, right, Montuhotep, so it means, “Montu the war god is pleased.” Now as Sir Alan Gardiner points out, that tells you something about the times. Why name a kid Montuhotep? You know? It means there is war and you want to be in favor with the war god. So just from the name we can get an idea of the political times. So there is a philological approach mainly through texts and analyzing language of trying to figure out history, and it’s a legitimate approach. There is one drawback. Alan Gardiner’s book, it’s very solid, lots of good information, but it’s unreadable. Arthur Weigall was the inspector of antiquities in the Valley of the Kings when Tutankhamen’s tomb was discovered. And he’s the best writer on archeology that you will find. In the preface to one of his books, Weigall says: “It’s the goal of the archeology writer to make the dead come alive, not to put the living to sleep.” He is probably right. There is another approach to history: trying to emphasize events and the people who made those events happen. It is best to go through Egyptian history by learning events and the people involved. There is just something about people that makes the past come alive, once it is realized that those were not just abstract kings, but real people with the same kind of emotions we have. Ramses the great one, when he went into battle he was afraid. Don’t listen to what he put on his temple wall, he was probably afraid. From the lecture series The History of Ancient Egypt, taught by Professor Bob Brier
Mamsacakshus, aka: Māṃsacakṣus, Mamsa-cakshus; 2 Definition(s) The Sanskrit term Māṃsacakṣus can be transliterated into English as Mamsacaksus or Mamsacakshus, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?). Alternative spellings of this word include Mamsachakshus. In Buddhism Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism) Mamsacakshus in Mahayana glossary... « previous · [M] · next » Māṃsacakṣus (मांसचक्षुस्) refers to the “fleshly eye” and represents one of the five visual powers (cakṣus) attributed to the Buddha according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XIV). If one wishes to see beings, there are only two eyes one can use, the fleshly eye (māṃsacakṣus) and the divine eye (divyacakṣus) but since the fleshly eye’s range is insufficient and encounters obstacles, the Buddha uses the divine eye (divyacakṣus) to contemplate the universe. According to chapter 50, “the fleshly eye (māṃsacakṣus) sees what is close up, does not see what is far off; sees what is in front, does not see what is behind; sees what is external, does not see what is internal; sees during the day-time, does not see at night-time; sees what is on top, does not see what is underneath”. Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra Mahayana book cover context information Discover the meaning of mamsacakshus or mamsacaksus in the context of Mahayana from relevant books on Exotic India General definition (in Buddhism) Mamsacakshus in Buddhism glossary... « previous · [M] · next » Māṃsacakṣus (मांसचक्षुस्) or simply Māṃsa refers to the ”fleshly eye“ and represents one the “five eyes” (cakṣus) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 65). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (eg., māṃsa-cakṣus). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D. Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha Relevant definitions Relevant text Like what you read? Consider supporting this website:
Infants' failure to regain birth weight in Africa It is one of the Millennium Development Goals that, by 2015, the under-five morbidity rate should be reduced by a third. Whilst significant amounts of work are ongoing to achieve this target, there are still almost 4 million deaths worldwide within the first month of Healthy newborns tend to lose approximately 8-15% of birth weight in the first 7 days of life, but regain this weight within 21 days postpartum. A study, in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, investigates this phenomena in low birth weight (LBW) infants in Uganda. Unfortunately, it was found that 48% of LBW infants had not regained their birth weight within the 21-day period. The length of hopitalisation and the provision of the first feed postpartum were both associated with this inability to regain birth weight. Findings such as this, and the estimation that LBW infants are 13 times more likely to die than normal birth weight infants along with the fact that almost 96% of LBW infants being born in developing countries, indicate a serious hurdle to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. View the latest posts on the On Health homepage
Through the Looking Glass Children's Book Reviews Champion Audio Champion Audio Marie Lu For ages 13 and up Unabridged audiobook (Digital) Performed/read by: Steven Kaplan Listening Library, 2013 Eight months ago Day and June were able to prevent the assassination of the Elector of the Republic of America. They took a huge gamble because they believed that the young Elector, Anden, would be good for the country, that he would be able to bring an end to the war that had been raging between the Republic and the Colonies for so long. The two young people, having achieved what should have been impossible, then went their separate ways. Though they loved each other, their history made it impossible for them to be together. Day moved to San Francisco with his brother Eden to get proper treatment for the young boy, and June went to Denver with Anden to serve as one of his Princeps-Elect. Aside from the damage done to his eyes by the Republic’s horrific former regime, Eden is now doing well. Day is not. Like his brother, Day was experimented on, and as a result his brain is now damaged. Doctors are doing their best to help him, but the prognosis is bleak and in all likelihood, if the injured part of his brain does not get smaller, he will die in about a month or two. Having not heard from June for so long, Day is surprised when she calls him. He cannot help feeling strong emotions when he hears the voice of the girl he still loves so strongly. June tells him that the peace deal between the Republic and the Colonies is in trouble. A plague has broken out in the Colonies and government officials are saying that the sickness is “an official act of war against them.” There is a good chance that this plague was indeed fabricated by the former Republic government, which had planned on using biological weapons to cripple its long time enemy. June asks Day to meet her in Denver so that she can explain further what she needs from him. When they meet in Denver, Anden tells Day that the peace treaty is at an end and soon war will be declared by the Colonies. They need a cure for the plague, and because of the experiments that were carried out on him, Eden’s immune system could contain the cure that they are seeking. Day flatly refuses to allow the Republic to use his brother to develop a cure. The boy has been through enough and still has not fully recovered from their abuse. Anden is in no position to force Day to hand over his brother because Day is the people’s man. One word from him and the people will rise up against Anden and his government. Then an attack is launched on Denver and at the same time three prisoners escape from prison. It is assumed that the prisoners, all of whom were sentenced to die for treason, are behind the attack. Since planes from the Colonies are seen in Republic skies, it is assumed that the prisoners have been secretly working with the Colonies, perhaps for months. Day joins members of the Patriot group to fight against the Colonies soldiers and their allies, and Anden and June travel to Antarctica to try to get the leadership of that powerful country to help them defeat the Colonies in this new war. Anden and June are bitterly disappointed when the leaders in Antarctica make it clear that they are not going to offer the Republic any military aid unless the Republic finds a cure for the plague and unless they give Antarctica some Republic land. To everyone’s surprise, Eden, in spite of what was done to him, wants to help. He agrees to undergo experiments to see if the cure for the plague can be found in his body. Though Day desperately wants to protect his brother, he agrees to let the boy volunteer for what is going to be dangerous and uncertain medical procedures. What else can he do now that the Colonies are on their doorstep? When the Chancellor of the Colonies contacts Day, Day’s situation, and that of his country gets even more precarious. Day has come a long way from being a street kid. Now the future of his country rests on his shoulders. This final title in the Legend trilogy brings Lucy Liu’s extraordinary tale to a close. The tension between June and Day is painful to witness, as are the choices the two young people are forced to make. Try as they might, it would seem that their relationship is doomed, as is the future of their country. Or perhaps they still have a trick or two that they can play.
Status of plant systematics Richard Zander bryo at COMMTECH.NET Fri Aug 29 13:20:40 CDT 1997 Fear not that molecular systematics will render us classical systematists obsolete. The problem is in computerized "reconstruction," which is all pretty much Bayesian. Check Farris' 1973 Dollo parsimony paper for a curiously slanted discussion of probability that hides an important fact: computerized phylogenetic analysis usually gives improbable results. If you analyse a simple three-taxon cladogram, the shortest tree with two taxa sharing one advanced character has a .67 posterior probability of being right. This is better than random .33 but compared to the sum of the other two hypotheses (possible trees), .33, its just fair. With two characters, the probability of the shortest tree is .80, better. With 4 terminal taxa, however, you have 9 hypotheses, and the likelihood of the shortest tree must be far greater than with just 3 hypotheses to be "probable." For trees with several terminal taxa, the posterior probablility of the shortest tree is less than .5, and there is more evidence against than for. Check also the marginalized probabilities of the few published papers using Monte Carlo methods for maximum likelihood, sometimes disguised as "frequency" or just not given at all. The likeliest tree for larger data sets has a .10 chance of being correct. Even if the several likeliest trees are similar to the likeliest, the sum of their probabilities is very small. Example: Phylogeneticists of any stripe are getting away with maybe one paper in ten having a good chance of a correct result, and which paper that is is unknown. (The intuited regularity assumptions of Bayesian analysis are another problem which I won't even bring up...) Simplicity is useful in other sciences where the "least wrong" answer(s) out of many can be immediately checked for correctness, but we have no such tests in This will be abundantly evident someday as maximum likelihood analyses become more prevalent and posterior probabilities are published, and then it's back to monography for systematists. Richard H. Zander, Buffalo Museum of Science 1020 Humboldt Pkwy, Buffalo, NY 14211 USA bryo at More information about the Taxacom mailing list
Gravity helps at the tiny airport Lukla airport in Nepal is one of the strangest in the world. Built to support tourism to the Himalayas, the airport has a single landing runway. What is more, the runway is only 20 m wide, 450 m long, and a 2,800 m cliff at the runway's end, leaving little room for error. In fact, the airport can only be used by so-called Short Takeoff and Landing planes (STOL). Helping somewhat is a 12% incline in the runway from start to finish, so that planes rise through over the course of their deceleration. Suppose a STOL plane's landing speed is 45 m/s (\approx 100 mph). Neglecting any other effects like wind flaps, or drag, how small will the plane's velocity (in m/s) be at the top of the runway? • The runway itself is 450 m long, i.e. if you walked from the bottom to the top, you'd walk 450 m along the runway. • An ff% incline means that if you walk a distance dd along an incline, your rise is given by fd/100fd/100. Problem Loading... Note Loading... Set Loading...
Laplace Transform Also found in: Acronyms, Wikipedia. Laplace transform [lə′pläs ′trans‚fȯrm] For a function ƒ(x) its Laplace transform is the function F (y) defined as the integral over x from 0 to ∞ of the function e -yxƒ(x). Laplace Transform a transformation that converts the function f(t) of a real variable t (0 < t < ∞), called the original, into the function of the complex variable ρ = σ + i τ. The term “Laplace transform” refers not only to the transform but also to the transformed function F(p). The integral on the right-hand side of (1) is called the Laplace integral. It was examined by P. Laplace in a number of studies brought together in the book Théorie analytique des probabilités, published in 1812. These integrals were used much earlier (1737) by L. Euler in the solution of differential equations. Under certain conditions (see text below) the Laplace transform determines the function f(t) uniquely. In the simplest cases, f is given by the inversion formula The Laplace transform is a linear integral operator. Some of the fundamental formulas that involve the Laplace transform are The Laplace transform is used in conjunction with the inversion formula (2) in the integration of differential equations. In particular, the definition (1) of the Laplace transform and its linearity imply that the Laplace transform of the solution of an ordinary linear differential equation with constant coefficients satisfies an algebraic equation of the first degree and can therefore be easily found. For example, if y″ + y = f(t), y(0) = y′ (0) = 0, and Y(p) = L[y] and F(p) = L[f], then L[y″] = p2Y(p) p2Y(p) + Y(p) = F(p) so that Many problems in electrical engineering, hydrodynamics, mechanics, and heat conduction are effectively solved using the Laplace transform. The Laplace transform has been particularly widely used to provide a theoretical basis for the operational calculus, in which the Laplace transform F(p) of f(t) is usually replaced by the function pF(p). The modern general theory of the Laplace transform is based on the Lebesgue integral. In order that the Laplace transform be applicable to the function f(t), it is necessary that f(t) be Le-besgue-integrable on any finite interval (0, t), for t > 0, and that the integral (1) for f converge at at least one point p0 = σ0+ 0. If the integral (1) converges at the point p0, then it converges at every point p for which Re (pp0) > 0. Thus, if the integral (1) converges at at least one point p0 of the plane, it either converges in the entire plane or there exists a number σc such that the integral converges when Re p > σc and diverges when Re p < σc. The number σc is called the abscissa of convergence of the Laplace integral. F(p) is an analytic function in the half-plane Re p > σc. Ditkin, V. A., and P. I. Kuznetsov. Spravochnik po operatsionnomu ischisleniiu. Osnovy teorii i tablitsy formul. Moscow-Leningrad, 1951. Kitkin, V. A., and A. P. Prudnikov. Integral’nye preobrazovaniia i operatsionnoe ischislenie. Moscow, 1961. Doetsch, G. Rukovodstvo k prakticheskomu primeneniiu preobrazovaniia Laplasa. Moscow, 1965. (Translated from German.) References in periodicals archive ? In this section we give a proof of Theorem 1.1 with the help of the Laplace transform of [[tau]r.sup.([??])]. By using Laplace transform on both sides of [pounds sterling][Lu + Ru + Nu = r(x)]. We can remark that the conditional Laplace transform is an exponential affine function of [U.sub.t]. In the block diagram, the transfer function, often known as the system function, is a mathematical expression of the relation between the input and output based on the Laplace transforms describing the whole system. developed in [14] the fuzzy Laplace transform method to solve fuzzy convolution Volterra integral equation (FCVIE) of the second kind. The Laplace transform may fail to exist because of a sufficiently strong singularity in the function f(t) as t [right arrow] 0. Mallier and Alobaidi [7] develop a partial Laplace transform method for pricing American options in which the location of the free boundary for all values of the transform variable has to be determined by solving nonlinear integral equations. Under suitable conditions, the Laplace transform of the Caputo fractional derivative [D.sup.[alpha]] f is given by [7] The Laplace transform of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is given by [20] The Laplace transform is extended to operate with time-delay systems defined on a homogeneous time scale.
Food during the hunt. Mosaic of the Villa del Tellaro. Sicily It is possible to be affirmed that the Roman culture and its kitchen would be fruit of a conjunction of other cultures, like the Etruscan, the Phoenician, the Egyptian and, mainly, the Greek. As in any ancient town, its diet was based on agriculture, cattle raising and fishing. Before exotic food appeared on the tables of the powerful from places as diverse as Guinea (pheasants), Persia (roosters), India (turkeys), Hispania (rabbits), Ambracia (roe deers), Chalcedon (tunas), Taranto (oysters and clams), Attica (mussels) or Daphne (thrushes), the Romans did not know more than basic food provided by the earth: cereals, vegetables, milk or eggs. The most common food was the puls for more than 300 years. It was a kind of porridge of wheat flour and other cereals, to which butter was sometimes added. It was a very poor dish, which in times of greater abundance, led to the puls iuliano, which contained boiled oysters, brains and spiced wine. Polenta was also common, made with barley flour. The Roman cuisine of this time was healthy, but frugal and monotonous. Reproduction of triclinies. Museum of Zaragoza Reproduction of triclinies. Museum of Zaragoza The staple food of Roman society was wheat. In the time of Julius Caesar, some 230,000 Romans benefited from the distribution of this cereal, with which flour was made and with it the bread. Another prominent food was wine, although the difficulty was in conservation, whose science was poorly developed. As it soured easily in the amphorae where it was stored, it was drank with spices, and it was served hot and watery. The Romans cultivated their lands by drawing concentric circles around the urban area, placing the orchards and vineyards on the first level, in the next circle were the cereal fields and in the further away the cattle ranch, which meant a constant supply of main source of food: the vegetables, olives, onions, figs and oil that were the main ingredients of their diet, since the common people did not eat meat or bread that was reserved for the soldiers. In the upper echelons this diet so poor changes radically. They love the pork they fattened with figs and beer. They ate everything, they were very fond of the viscera, but their favorite part was the udders and vulvas of the sows. They also ate roe deer and wild boar that were much appreciated, also rabbits, birds and snails. They were experts in the production of sausages and black pudding, which they sold in stalls. They also made goat and sheep cheeses that curdled with fig tree shoots and put them in hazel baskets. The Romans loved fish above all things, they had fish farms near the coast and they cared for and fed their specimens with great dedication and care. They also had oyster beds (one of the favorite delicacies) on Lucrine Lake. It can be said that the culinary revolution came at the end of the 3rd century BC as a consequence of the territorial expansion, and atrong and well-seasoned dishes became fashionable. So remarkable was the change from austerity to excess that the amount of food that could be served at banquets was legislated in 95 BC (Lex Licina). Pompeii street Pompeii street There are two writers who have documentated more and better the food and culinary traditions in Roman times: Marcus Gavius Apicius, born in 25 BC, author of the recipe book “De re coquinaria libri decem” (the 10 cookbooks), which constituted a manual of obligatory reference for several centuries and is considered the first in its kind of history, at least the first to reach us. Many of the recipes are Roman but others are of Greek origin. Others contain words of unknown origin and Indo-European roots, which we can deduce come from the Etruscans, Carthaginians, Syrians and Egyptians. This together with collecting recipes from the end of the Republic to the division of the Empire, allows us to consider this work as a great collection of ancient Mediterranean cuisine. It was conceived as a practical manual for the chef and as such he used illustrations, technicalities typical of his field and diverse tricks. The titles, written in Greek, of the 10 Apicius books, are the following: 1.- EPIMELES. Culinary rules, home remedies. Spices. 2.- ARTOPUS. Stews, chopped, etc. 3.- CEPUROS. Herbs that are used to cook. 4.- PANDECTER. Generalities of gastronomy. 5.- OSPRION. About vegetables. 6.- TROPHERTER. About birds. 7.- POLYTELES. Excesses and delicacies. 8.- TETRAPUS. About quadrupeds. 9.- THALASSA. About sea. 10.- HALIEUS VEL HALIEUTICON. About fish and its varieties. Apicius was considered a refined connoisseur and also a great wasteful man. He became famous for his extravagances and expensive tastes. 478 recipes have arrived to us. He invented the procedure of priming trout with dried figs, to fatten his liver. Athenaeus relates that he chartered a ship to see if Libya’s shrimps were as big as were said. Disappointed, he did not even go ashore. It is also said that his love for food was so great that he committed suicide with poison for fear of starving someday. Petronius, called by the historian Tacitus as arbiter elegantiae or arbiter of elegance, who lived in the time of Nero. His work “Satyricon“, is the most objective expression of Roman life at that time. It is considered as the first example of picaresque novel in history. The most important episode describes us extensively a ridiculous feast in the home of a rich freeman: Trimalchio. This novel has served to let us know exactly how a table was arranged. The triclinium or dining room is of great importance in the Satyricon. It was a room with three beds, around a table that everyone was served. Diners reclined on the left arm. In each of the beds three people were installed in their respective places from right to left. Fruit and wine. Fresco of Pompeii Fruit and wine. Fresco of Pompeii The Roman houses of the patricians and lords of the high aristocracy possessed at least two triclinia (plural of triclinium), one of summer and another of winter. The summa dinner or dinner, consisted of 4 dishes and was watered with plentiful wine. It ended with the secundae mensae or dessert, consisting of dry spiced delicacies to favor the drink, which in the end was very copious. The Roman dinner unfolds within a ceremonial formed by ancient customs, such as meditating on death, offering gifts and small sums of money, libations to the Lares gods, etc. During the desserts, philosophical or literary themes were discussed and verses were recited. The guests were perfumed, crowned with flowers, and sang. The Romans ate three or four times a day: breakfast (ientaculum), lunch (prandium), afternoon snack (merenda) and dinner (cena). The last one was the most important. It was done with the family at the end of the day. One of their greatest pleasures was a good conversation around the table. From the daily dinner based on lettuce, boiled eggs, leeks, porridge and beans with bacon, we went to a sophisticated dinner party with guests divided into three parts: 1-The gustus or appetizer, to open the appetite (melon, tuna, truffles, oysters…) 2-The prima mesa (goatling, chicken, ham, seafood…) that was the main dish. 3-The secunda mesa: desserts. The Romans took from the Greeks the habit of eating recumbent on couches, in a room called triclinium owing to the three lectus (beds) of up to three seats: medius (center), summus (right) and imus (left), leaving free one of its sides to access it and serve the food. Men always occupied the places closest to the presidency and women the most distant extremes. The guests, before going to the dining room, were taken to a dressing room where they changed their street clothes for another much more comfortable and light (vestis cenatoria), usually white, without ornaments or folds or knots, which could disrupt the circulation of that magic current that, according to the voice of their ancestors, crossed the universe and of which all of them participated during the banquet. Also for the same reason they changed their knotted shoes for sandals and removed the bracelets and rings. Each guest could take with him a slave (servus ad pedes), who stayed with him, usually seated at his feet, ready at all times to attend to his lord. There was tablecloth and napkin (mappa), but not forks. As cutlery they used teaspoons and saucepans to serve. The solid foods were served cut up, the commensals taking the portions with the tips of their fingers. Then they washed their hands in bowls and jugs that the slaves brought to them. The tableware consisted mainly of plates, serving dishes, golbets, glasses, and there was no lack of the saltcellar, the oil bottle and the vinegar bottle. Pompeii Tavern Pompeii Tavern It was almost reduced to a flour porridge, a piece of salted fish and poor quality fruit, almost always a handful of dried or fresh figs in the corresponding season. This feeble diet was sometimes complemented with some cooked vegetables, especially cabbage. They also frequently ate nettles, chestnuts, chards, all in the form of potages . It was totally different. They ate a lot, with such excess that today would be disgusting, and the moderation in the drink simply did not exist. The master chefs rivaled in presenting numerous dishes which were more elaborated and expensive, so much that it was often not possible to guess which delicacy was hidden under the appearance of another. The huge sums that were supposed to be spent on some banquets were not entirely spent on food but also on the preparation and decoration of the premises. At a banquet offered by one of Nero’s friends only the roses cost more than four million sesterces. The emetics that were then used after copious meals, can not be considered as a proof of incontinence and gluttony, they were considered then as a dietary resource. However, it is possible that some gluttons, as Seneca writes, “vomited to eat and ate to vomit”, because they did not even want to waste time digesting the food brought to them from the most distant parts of the empire. When they felt full, they could use a turkey feather to the throat to vomit thoroughly. After this they could rinse their throats with wine and they could continue enjoying the delicacies. As for the manners, we must highlight some curiosities: belching was well considered, and according to an edict of Emperor Claudius, the guests were authorized to expel their intestinal gas. Mosaic representing a banquet Mosaic representing a banquet A separate mention deserves this sauce, which was made with fish macerated in salt. Despite opinions like that of Pliny the Elder, who defined it as rotten fish, it was the quintessential condiment of Roman cuisine for centuries. It is known that they salted the fish without eviscerating (without removing the viscera) during two months, seasoning them with no less than 16 different spices, provoking a pleasant and powerful flavour. In Hispania there was an important garum industry, with factories in Cartagena, Murcia and Baelo Claudia. Author: Valentín Ortiz Juez Collaborator: Eduardo Ortiz Pardina
By Bobby Fraser Contributor December 13, 2010 Few administrations have shown any interest in Latin America in recent years. The Obama Administration is proving only slightly different in this regard, even though there are clear policy choices available to change this record. One such policy, the pending U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (FTA), would lower trade barriers between the United States and Colombia. President Obama and his economic team should encourage its passage through Congress. The U.S.-Colombia FTA will bring mutual economic, security, and diplomatic benefits, and could strengthen U.S. relations within the region. Economically, this FTA would serve the interests of both consumers and producing industries in each nation. For Colombia, American markets are vital and account for 35% of its export products. The main U.S. imports from Colombia include petroleum products, flowers, and coffee at a total of $9.3 billion in 2006. Currently, the United States exports about $8.6 billion in goods and services to Colombia. This relatively low amount of trade could increase greatly. Two-way trade doubled after the implementation of the trade agreements with Peru and Chile. In 2009, the International Monetary Fund predicted that Chile would outpace Mexico as the richest Latin American country, in gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity. This can be attributed to the high levels of investment and commercial activity encouraged by the U.S.-Chile FTA. A similar outcome should be expected if a separate FTA is extended to Colombia. Colombia is arguably the United States’ staunchest ally in South America. With Colombian President Alvaro Uribe’s 2009 agreement to allow seven American bases in Colombia, U.S. ties there are stronger than ever. As anti-American Presidents Hugo Chavez and Rafael Correa preside over neighboring Venezuela and Ecuador, Colombia is positioned to counter both antagonists. The willingness of Colombia to host an American base receives significant resentment from Venezuela. Because Colombia is faced with a hostile neighbor and suffers from untapped economic potential, the U.S. Congress should pass this trade agreement and include more benefits for Colombia. Colombia has developed rapidly in the last decade. Its government, under President Uribe, has confirmed its interest in deepening a partnership with the United States. Progress has been achieved, in coordination with the U.S. anti-drug program (Plan Colombia) in an effort to fight in the drug trade. A FTA would recognize and reward Colombia’s progress in numerous areas. A recent study by Cato Institute cited that homicide rates in the major cities, including Bogotá and Medellin, have declined by 40% since 2002, while terrorist attacks and kidnappings have declined by 82% and 77%, respectively. Assassination rates of union leaders and other business figures has dropped 80% since 2001. President Uribe has also succeeded in rolling back the influence and violence of left-wing Marxist guerilla groups on Colombia’s borders, including the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). In the aftermath of the U.S. midterm elections this November, President Obama will need to shift to a more centrist approach. There is no better opportunity to do so than by encouraging the passage of the U.S.-Colombia FTA. The recently elected Republican Congress, which presumably supports a free market trade policy, should work with the President to find common ground to pass the U.S.-Colombia FTA. Working together to approve the agreement would not just be politically beneficial to the Republicans and President Obama, more importantly it would provide the U.S. with a tremendous economic opportunity for export-led growth goals that the President is pushing for. Further, it would strengthen a much-needed partnership in South America. With significant support from the newly elected Congress and recently elected Colombian president, Juan Manuel Santos, the political setting for passage of the FTA is now at its highest point. Latin American trade partners will prove immensely beneficial to the United States in strengthening relations within the hemisphere and reinvigorating the American economy. The Obama administration and the new Republican Congress should change the historical path of American disinterest in Latin America. U.S. attention needs to shift towards this developing region and highlight countries that are succeeding in development efforts. Countries like Colombia will understand that they will have the United States’ support when they make such headway. The U.S.-Colombia FTA will recognize a nation that has made tremendous and progressive gains in democracy and security. U.S. interests, not only in Colombia, but also in the entire region, will enjoy a greater potential for success following the passage of a new U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement.
1 min read New scanning techniques have produced amazing pictures of babies inside the womb, which show babies apparently smiling and crying. The procedure has been pioneered by London obstetrician professor Stuart Campbell at the Create Health Center for Reproduction and Advanced Technology. The new techniques, known as 3D and 4D scanning, make a more detailed picture examination of the fetuses possible. The new pictures offer new insight into fetal behavior. The techniques have captured images of fetuses yawning, blinking, and sucking their fingers. They even seem to smile and cry and move their limbs at very young ages. Campbell says, “There are many questions that can now be investigated.” He asks, “Does the fetus smile because it is happy, or cry because it has been disturbed by some event in the womb?” Campbell also wonders, “Why does a fetus blink when we assume its dark inside the uterus?” Up to now, doctors did not think infants made expressions like those captured until after birth. They previously thought babies learned to smile by copying their mothers.
Get the balance The well-being of our organism is maintained thanks to the balance between several neurotransmitters, and the dominance of one of them over the others will determine our personality and our general behaviour. What are neurotransmitters? They are infinitesimal chemical substances that are responsible for transmitting information between different areas of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves). Of all the neurotransmitters, the most “important” are those of our brain, because of the control they exert on the neurons. If the balance is broken between the four most important neurotransmitters (Dopamine, Acetylcholine, GABA and Serotonin), we then should restore it. And this translates in our lives in a greater well-being state, with more energy, ideal weight, increased memory and cognitive potential, stability, less anxiety, tranquility and a restful sleep. Each of these neurotransmitters has its specific properties and aplications, being possible the deficit or excess of them. DOPAMINE: it is associated with the high-voltage waves of the brain, affecting the power of mind and body. If it is at normal levels, we will feel very energetic and with fast reflexes. People who have a lot of this neurotransmitter are active, they know what they want and how to get it. • Effects of excess of Dopamine: disorganized thoughts, loose associations, hallucinations, disabling compulsion, tics, stereotypical behaviors; linked to psychosis, schizophrenia and manic depression • Effects of deficits of Dopamine: low energy, low self-esteem, an inability to focus, feeling demotivated and inexplicably sad or tearful ACETYLCHOLINE: serves as a transmitter substance of nerve impulses within the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is known to play an important role in memory and learning and is in abnormally short supply in the brains of persons with Alzheimer disease. • Effects of excess of Acetylcholine: self-consciousness, over-inhibition, anxious, depression, psychosomatic complains; can be linked to social anxiety disorders • Effects of deficits of Acetylcholine: anti-cholinergic effects, lack of inhibition, poor memory, euphorin, antisocial behaviour manic behaviours, speech blockages. GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid): it is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is a neurotransmitter that blocks impulses between nerve cells in the brain. • Effects of excess of GABA: sleep and eating disorders • Effects of deficits of GABA: Huntington disease, tremors loss of motor control, personality change, anxiety disorders SEROTONIN: it is related to the control of appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood, behaviour, cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine regulation and depression. • Effects of excess of Serotonin: sedation; in extreme excess can cause hallucinations and mania. Linked with anxiety disorders, mood disorders and eating disorders • Effects of deficits of Serotonin: irritability, hostility, depression, sleep disturbances Bel–Equilibrio is a natural Nutribel product that helps balance neurotransmitters.
Essay Our Brain States as Constraints Essay Our Brain States as Constraints Length: 1273 words (3.6 double-spaced pages) Rating: Strong Essays Open Document Essay Preview When we say someone has free will, that person is often thought to be accountable for their actions. Determinism is the philosophical view that “human behaviour is entirely governed by causal laws” (Ayer 1954, p. 15). If it is true that our behaviour is determined by causal laws such as past events or actions and the natural laws, since we cannot change the past or natural laws it seems as though we have no control over our present or past behaviours; in other words, we do not have free will and cannot be held responsible for our actions (Ayer 1954, p. 15). There are those, compatibilists, who believe that the concept of free will can still be reconciled with the existence of determinism. In Ayer’s “Freedom and Necessity”, he argues that it is possible for us to consider free will in conjunction with determinism by considering free will to mean the ability to act on our beliefs and desires in the absence of restraint rather than causation (Ayer 1954, p. 19). He writes that: It is not...causality that freedom is to be contrasted with, but constraint. And while it is true that being constrained to do an action entails being caused to do it, I shall try to show that...from the fact that my action is causally determined it does not necessarily follow that I am constrained to do it: and this is equivalent to saying that it does not necessarily follow that I am not free. (Ayer 1954, p. 19) In other words, if I am acting under constraint, it follows that my behaviour can be explained by natural laws; however, “from the fact that my behaviour is capable of being explained...[by] some natural law, it does not follow that I am acting under constraint” (Ayer 1954, p. 22). Both of these scenarios proposed by Ayer are consistent with compatib... ... middle of paper ... ... free will. We then came up with two objections by first considering changes in the brain to simply be the establishment of new beliefs and desires that are freely acted upon rather than a constraint and by secondly considering our original brain states, that is our minds, beliefs and desires, to be constraints just as the changes in the brain in our examples were. Although there are possible responses to my objections that Ayer could make, I maintain that my objections offer at least a different perspective to the free will debate that perhaps expands the possibilities of what is considered constraint when using Ayer’s argument to determine if we have free will in certain cases. Works Cited “Brain Tumour Causes Uncontrollable Paedophilia,” New Scientist 22 October 2002. Ayer, A.J. (1954). “Freedom and Necessity,” Philosophical Essays, St. Martin’s, pp. 3-20. Need Writing Help? Get feedback on grammar, clarity, concision and logic instantly. Check your paper » Essay about Defining 3 Rules Of Constraint Management - Real World Process Interview Define 3 Rules of Constraint Management According to the textbook Eli Goldcratt implemented the Theory of Constraints (TOC). TOC is defined as the business approach to improve production, distribution and project management. (Jacobs, 2013) Goldcratt’s instituted a 5 step process to improve and assess current operations and productions. Goldcratt’s stated the following are rules for the management of constraints which include: “to identify the system constraints and weakness; decide how to exploit the constraints; subordinate everything else to that decision; elevate the system constraints if previous steps are broken start the process over again.” (Jacobs, 2013)... [tags: Theory of Constraints, Constraint] Strong Essays 721 words (2.1 pages) Essay on Mental States and The Brain - In this paper, I will argue that ‘It is more reasonable to think that the patient has mental states’ and will attempt to tackle the points made by each of the doctors to reach a more suitable and apt conclusion on how the mental states relate and associate with the presence/absence of the patients brain. My aim for this paper is to explain how a patient with an inorganic brain i.e. a digital computer in place for the original brain, who behaves normally actually has mental states. Further, I will also tackle the points raised by Doctor 1 and Doctor 3 to make my case stronger and the conclusion more apt.... [tags: brain functions, inorganic barin, soul] Strong Essays 1319 words (3.8 pages) The 's Theory Of Constraints Essay - Eliyahu Goldratt, an Israeli physicist turned business guru, is the founder of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), who developed revolutionary methods for production scheduling in the late 1970s (Balderstone & Mabin, 1998). Goldratt also developed other theories about the methodology of systemic problem structuring and problem solving which are utilized in developing solutions with intuitive power and analytical rigor that, while more refined, are still being utilized today. The TOC stood in direct contrast to other accepted methods of production scheduling at the time, such as Materials Requirements Planning (MRP).... [tags: Theory of Constraints, Process management] Strong Essays 1969 words (5.6 pages) The Constraints on Adolescent Learning Essay - Personalities, social skills and intellectual development are only some of the key factors that effect how pupils learn and achieve differently to one another. Every child responds individually to their specific needs and environment, and the extent of that achievement can be often be linked with external factors as pupils are naturally influenced by a variety of different constraints. These factors that are not concrete and will change and alter throughout an adolescent’s development, as Piaget (Piaget 1970) believed the mind changes and works in different ways at different stages so do the conditions that enhance and limit progress.... [tags: Education Teaching] Strong Essays 3085 words (8.8 pages) The Human Brain: Size and Development Essay - ... That detail is one of the most significant characteristics that set humans apart from non-human primates. It has been studied by many scientists, and was concluded that the brains of modern humans are more than twenty times larger than Old World monkeys, and more than four times larger than those of great apes (Wang). The recent human population expansion has been documented using genetic markers, and it is likely that it would contribute to the many recent reports of mutations of the microcephalin gene in humans.... [tags: big brain, gene, evolution] Strong Essays 1552 words (4.4 pages) Social Constraints Placed Upon Women Essay examples - Think about the men and women in everyday life and compare their actual successes to their aptitudes, drives, and intelligences that would theoretically enable them to achieve success. Excluding factors such as differing social backgrounds and upbringings, it does not seem that an ‘aptly prepared’, ‘decently intelligent’, or ‘hard-working’ sort of woman will always achieve in the real world. 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[tags: Brain, Cerebral cortex, Human brain, Cerebrum] Strong Essays 1432 words (4.1 pages) The Constraints of Poverty Essay - The constraints of poverty can cause a cycle of poor mental and physical heath (Dittmann, 2003). Poverty causes many problems for the people facing it up front everyday. Not only do they go without many necessities, they also face a tremendous amount of stress all the time. The amount of stress combined with the lack of necessities produces extreme health problems. Poor people have to deal with an unhealthy living environment that creates serious mental and physical health problems. Economic status definitely effects health in many ways.... [tags: Essays on Poverty] Strong Essays 903 words (2.6 pages) Constraints on Hamlet Essay - Hamlet lives in a society where the church forbids vengeance, however personal honour often overcomes the ecclesiastical law. He is a man of great contradictions, being reckless yet cautious and tender yet ferocious. Hamlet's cultural identity causes conflict between his two primary duties. As the son of Old Hamlet, it is Hamlet's duty to avenge his father's murder yet as a citizen and Prince it is also his duty to protect the king and keep stability in society. Because it is Claudius, the King, whom Hamlet would need to kill in order to fulfil his duty to his father, a tension is created as to which duty should take precedence.... [tags: European Literature] Strong Essays 1024 words (2.9 pages) Constraint Essay - Constraint Constraint is present in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” and James Joyce’s “The Boarding House”. In both short stories, society has placed the main characters and their lives under its evil grip. All the characters live under a blanket of limitations that society has placed upon them and the short stories show their battle to break away from society’s constraints. Societal constraint is explored by both authors in order to convey along to the reader a message. This common theme for both short stories is used to show the grip society really has on us and how it affects different people.... [tags: Papers] Free Essays 684 words (2 pages)
After the 1900 Olympic Games, Paris would be the first place to hold the Olympics twice. “Citius, Altius, Fortius” (or “Faster, Higher, Stronger”) became the motto for the Olympics for the first time, while Ireland would appear as independent country. The marathon distance was definitively established at 26 miles and 385 yards, as it had been run in the 1908 London Olympics. Oskar Albinus Stenroos, known by its nickname of Albin, was born in Vehmaa, Finland, in 1889. He would be part of a golden Finnish generation, known as the “Flying Finn” that dominated the athletics during the 1920s, and included the marathon Olympic Champion Kolehmainen, who was the subject of his own entrance in our blog, and famous Paavo Nurmi, among others. "Albin" Stenroos during the 1924 Olympic Marathon Stenroos run his first marathon in 1909, although he decided to move to shorter distances, and would not return to run a marathon until 1924. He won a bronze medal in the 10000 metres in the 1912 Olympics, and helped his country to win the silver medal in the cross-country event. During the following years he would win a set of national cross country events in Finland, and set world records for the 20 and 30k distances. He didn’t compete in the 1920 Olympics, and feeling that qualification in the 5000 and 10000 metres for the 1924 Olympics would be too strong, he tried his luck and qualified for the marathon in the Olympic trial over a 40.2k distance in May 1924, a distance he hasn´t competed in the last 15 years. On Sunday, July 13, 58 participants were in the start line for the Olympic marathon, that has been originally scheduled to start at 15, but delayed 2 hours because of the hot weather conditions, that the previous day have sent numerous participants in the cross-country event to hospital (and subsequently caused this event to be removed from further Olympics appearances). The athlete from Greece Kranis took an early lead, followed at a short distance by the Canadian Cuthbert. By mile 9 the French athlete Verger came up front, while Stenroos started climbing positions from behind. Just before the midpoint he took the leadership, crossing the half marathon 30s ahead of his closest persecutor. His advantage increased as the miles passed, with no runner behind capable of closing the distance. Although the gold medal seemed sure for Stenroos, the fight for the other medal positions was hard. Stenroos entered the stadium looking fresh, and ensured his victory in 2.41.22, with a gap of almost six minutes with the silver medallist, Italian Bertini. The athlete from the United States DeMar completed the podium positions one minute later. The warm weather took its toll, as only 30 runners were able to complete the course. As for the winner Stenroos, his best result after the Olympics was finishing second in the Boston marathon of 1926. The following year he was unable to finish in Boston, and decided to close his running career. “The Olympic Marathon”. DE Martin & RWH Gynn. Human Kinetics Publishers 2000. Start of the 1924 Olympic Marathon (Stade de Colombes, July 13th 1924) Leave a Reply
Skip to main content Watch: Why China is Building a New Silk Road The World Economic Forum has released this video on China's new silk route, commonly referred to as ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR). The route has been in the news a lot lately as the first ever UK to China export train departed on April 10, 2017, three months after the first container train travelling between China and the UK arrived in London. But what does it mean, what are its consequences and what does it mean for the European ports system? The OBOR acronym hides a mysterious conceptual subtlety that intellectuals and policy-makers have only started to grapple with. Olaf Merk, Administrator Ports and Shipping International Transport Forum, stated in his China’s One Belt One Road technical paper that OBOR is unique in two ways as it will bring more choice and more Chinese control of global supply chains. Merk said: “It will have important consequences for the whole world, including for Europe and it requires critical policy choices. “The global transport model has, for a long time, been very clear: air is fast but expensive, sea is slow but cheap. “So, only high value added and highly time sensitive goods are transported by air, the rest by sea. “There were always some options in between, such as rail and combined airsea transport, but these options were fairly marginal for goods transport between continents. “The OBOR initiative will change this model radically. Rail will become a real option for long-range freight transport.” Download the technical paper to read more: China’s One Belt One Road

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