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(855) 4-ESSAYS Type a new keyword(s) and press Enter to search Challenges in Romeo and Juliet "Literature can often explore how life is challenging for other people. Describe how one character faced a challenge or found something difficult, and explain what you thought about this." In the play Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare. Literature can often explore how life is challenging to other people. And for Romeo, that challenge is to be with Juliet. Romeo met Juliet when he and his friends crashed the Capulet party. At that time Romeo was heartbroken because Rosaline – his former girlfriend – broke up with him. When Romeo sees Juliet, he fell in love with her instantly "Did my heart love till now?" "For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night" Romeo thinks Juliet is beautiful and compares her to the most pretty and precious things in the world such as angel, sun, moon and stars "It is the east, and Juliet is the sun", "oh speak again bright angel". But not long after their first meeting, Romeo found out that Juliet is a Capulet – . his family's enemy, and it means that Romeo can't spend time with Juliet. Ignoring the fact that Juliet is one of his enemy, Romeo still loves her. He always thinks about her, spend as much time as he can with her by secretly snuck out just to see her and hear her voice. . Things got way more difficult for Romeo and Juliet to be together is after Tybalt's death. Romeo killed Tybalt because he couldn't keep his temper, didn't thinks things straight after Tybalt murdered Mercutio. When Friar Laurence tells Romeo that he has been banished from Verona, Romeo reacts badly. He tells Friar that this is worse than death and punish him by banishment is like cutting his head off with a golden axe and smiling while he is being murdered "Calling death 'banishment', Thou cut'st my head off with a golden axe, And smilest upon the stroke that murders me". Romeo said that living in Verona with Juliet is like living in heaven and without her he would feel like that he has been sent to hell. Essays Related to Challenges in Romeo and Juliet Got a writing question? Ask our professional writer! Submit My Question
The Waste newsroom tracks the exports of European plastics, from the consumer to the trader and the recycler abroad. In recent years many EU countries have raised awareness of the harmful effects of excessive use of plastics, spurring much higher rates of recycling. The opaque trade in plastics wastes risks undermining this progress with bad faith practices that escape public attention. The diversification of waste export was triggered by China’s decision to stop importing waste, forcing Europe to find another destination for its increasing stockpile of recyclable plastic waste. Lighthouse has built a cross-border team to investigate the impact of these waste exports. The newsroom gives journalists from different countries the capacity to uncover where plastic waste ends up, who profits and who is responsible. We analyse the complex supply chain and triangulate the results with information scraped from public sources, social media, ship tracking databases, satellite imagery and sources on the ground. Europe’s Black Seas Discharging oily wastewater has been outlawed globally for decades. But despite a sophisticated satellite monitoring system the practice is still common today – with potentially devastating effects for the environment Recycling Lies The publications with our partner NRC in the Netherlands led to questions in parliament. State Secretary Van Veldhoven received queries such as: ‘Plastic waste: how a Dutch liquorice bag could end up in a Turkish roadside’ and ‘Dutch plastic illegally dumped in Turkey’. In answer, Veldhoven accepted the problematic nature of our findings and said that options were being examined to recycle more waste inside the EU.
ebooks and download videos Home / Magic & Conjuring / Theory, Articles & Reviews What is a Stage and How Do I Use It? by L. C. Collier (1 customer rating) ★★★★ PDF_facsimile \| by download [3.90 MByte] What is a Stage and How Do I Use It? by L. C. Collier This publication is intended to give you a general working knowledge of the parts of a stage and how to use them. It covers stage construction, stage terminology, lighting and cue sheets. This will give you a nutshell version of subjects that would normally take three book volumes to cover. A general working knowledge will help you present your act in the best possible way. Most of the legitimate theaters require union workers to run the theater. They appreciate it when you know what you want, what their facility has to offer and how to ask for it. 1st edition 2003; 17 pages. word count: 4492 which is equivalent to 17 standard pages of text
Geriatrician, Hospitalist, Patient Advocate, Healthcare Educator Ease Your Stress Photo by Joshua Woroniecki There is always something or another going on, and what is life without stress, right? Stress can motivate us to do better and has been associated with better peformance at times. However, stress can have an impact on our mental and physical health. Stress is caused by stressors that are a part of our lives on a daily basis such as work related stress, financial stress, relationship stress, and the list continues…. How does stress affect your body? Stress can cause decreased sleep, memory issues, weakened immune system, digestive issues, muscle tension, and low energy. Chronic stress can have long term effects such as elevated blood pressure, increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Everybody reacts to the same stressor differently and deals with stress differently. Stress is unavoidable in life, but it is important to identify the stressors in life and develop a strategy to reduce it’s effects on our physical and mental health. Some of the things that can help relieve stress: • Self care-you know your body best and what you need to do to take care of it, be it listen to music, small weekend get-away, a scenic walk, etc • Exercise-body releases endorphins which help with your mood • Healthy diet-limit processed food, try to eat a nutrient-dense diet • Meditate • Do something creative-cook, write, art, music • Spend time with loved ones • Get plenty of sleep/rest • If nothing else, go and enjoy a beautiful sunset
Toxins in the Meat Cooked from the Large Temperature and you will Cancer Chance Experts unearthed that high use of really-complete, fried, or barbecued beef was on the improved dangers of colorectal (19–21), pancreatic (21–23), and prostate (24, 25) disease Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons (PAHs) try toxins molded when muscles chicken, and chicken, pork, seafood, or chicken, are prepared playing with higher-temperatures steps, eg bowl frying or grilling physically more than an open flames (1). During the lab studies, HCAs and you will PAHs have been found is mutagenic-which is, they produce changes in DNA that may improve the danger of cancers. HCAs is actually shaped when amino acids (the inspiration regarding protein), sugar, and you can creatine otherwise creatinine (substances utilized in strength) react from the high heat. PAHs are shaped whenever fat and juices regarding meats grilled really more than a hot surface otherwise open fire trickle on the epidermis otherwise fire, ultimately causing flame and you may cig. New smoking contains PAHs you to definitely next conform to the surface from the fresh new meats. PAHs can be molded during other cooking procedure, such smoking regarding beef (1). HCAs are not utilized in significant number in food aside from beef cooked in the higher temperatures. PAHs are in almost every other smoked snacks, along with tobacco smoke and automobile fatigue smoke. The forming of HCAs and you may PAHs may differ by meats sort of, preparing method, and “doneness” peak (uncommon, typical, or well written). Long lasting kind of animal meat, but not, meat ready during the higher temperature, specifically a lot more than three hundred ?F (as with grilling otherwise dish frying), otherwise which might be ready for quite some time commonly setting significantly more HCAs. Eg, well-complete, grilled, or barbecued chicken and you will steak all of the keeps large density regarding HCAs. Preparing measures one to introduce animal meat to help you cig donate to PAH formation (2). HCAs and you will PAHs be capable of ruining DNA only once they try metabolized because of the certain nutrients in the body, a system entitled “bioactivation.” Studies have found that the game of these minerals, that can disagree one of people, is generally connected to the newest cancer tumors risks associated with experience of this type of substances (3–9). Population research has perhaps not founded a definitive link between HCA and you can PAH publicity out-of cooked chicken and you can cancer for the human beings Studies have shown you to contact with HCAs and you will PAHs can result in disease inside the animal patterns (10). In many tests, rodents fed a nutrients supplemented having HCAs arranged cancers of your nipple, colon, liver, facial skin, lung, prostate, or any other body organs (11–16). Rats given PAHs along with create cancer, along with leukemia and you will tumors of the digestive system and you will lungs (17). But not, this new amounts regarding HCAs and you may PAHs utilized in this research were quite high-comparable to a huge number of minutes the doses that a person would consume into the a typical diet. One problems with carrying out such as studies is the fact it can be tough to dictate the exact number of HCA and/otherwise PAH coverage men gets away from prepared beef. Regardless of if diet questionnaires also provide an excellent estimates, they may perhaps not take every detail about preparing techniques you to is required to determine HCA and you may PAH coverage levels. As well, individual adaptation about craft away from nutrients that metabolize HCAs and you will PAHs ong people who consume (drink) the same quantity of these substances. Together with, anybody was confronted by PAHs off their ecological sources, besides restaurants. Numerous epidemiologic research has made use of detailed questionnaires to examine participants’ animal meat use and you can preparing tips (18). Although not, most other research has located zero organization with risks of colorectal (26) otherwise prostate (27) malignant tumors. Inside 2015, an independent panel out of benefits convened by the Around the globe Service to own Look into the Cancers (IARC) computed use of red meat as “probably carcinogenic to individuals” (Group 2A), based mostly on the data in the epidemiologic education as well as on brand new good proof from mechanistic training. However, IARC did not stop one to HCAs and PAHs had been with the cancers chance.
bistecca fiorentina What is the best way to learn about Italian culture? Through food, of course! In Italy, every single city has its own culinary traditions, and Tuscany offers so many dishes that you will have to try. To start you off, we’ll tell you about the most famous dish that you will have the opportunity to taste if you come to study at AEF in Florence: the Florentine steak. We owe the birth of this dish to the Medici family, who ruled Florence between the 15th and 17th century: during the traditional celebrations on August 10th in honor of San Lorenzo, the Medici used to offer the Florentine people quarters of beef that were roasted in the main squares of the city. As legend would have it, the term "bistecca" was coined in the late 1500’s, during one of these celebrations. A group of English nobility, who were in town on business, would join the Florentine partygoers, while the famous slices of roasted beef were served. Won over by the deliciousness of the meat, the British would begin to shout enthusiastically among the people "Beefsteak! Beefsteak!”. The Florentines then immediately “Italianized” that word into "bi-stecca". For the authentic "Florentine steak", the cut of meat is fundamental: it must be the loin and must include the bone, the tenderloin and the sirloin! The shape of the bone must represent the classic "T" shape and must weigh between 800 grams-1.2 kilos. The cooking, however, must be strictly rare... Do not dare to ask for it well-done! And now... enjoy your meal!
CMS (Content Management System) A CMS (Content Management System) is a way of changing website content online. CMS used to enter, import, export, schedule and publish websites and other files and information. Usually changing, editing, updating, maintaining or archiving content such as text, pictures and in the good ones menus, navigation and page layouts using built-in templates. Some are very expensive and can manage large amounts of data while others are rather cheap and inexpensive. A CMS can be reasonably simple or very complex. There is a wide range of CMS products available, developed by providers such as Microsoft, the open source community and small development companies. There are many open source or free content management systems available like as WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Expression Engine, Elgg etc. WordPress and Joomla are most popular CMS. Some CMS are custom-made for more specific websites where Solver Circle Ltd provides this custom-made CMS. Choosing the right CMS can be an important decision for your organization. It is a platform that aids in the management of content on a Web site.
Gentleman drinks water trapped in a rock for 2 million years The fine folks at Waterjet Channel found an enhydro agate, a type of metamorphic rock that formed with a pocket of liquid water inside. Naturally, they broke it open to get to the water and drank it. The danger here is that enhydro agates rarely contain pure water. They often also contain quartz microcrystals, debris, or petroleum, depending on the conditions under which they were formed. That didn't stop our intrepid self-experimenters: "We got a hold of a rock that had water trapped inside. I just knew I had to taste it! We also got a little sciency with petri-dishes to see how safe this water was to drink." When they say "a little sciency," they mean it. It's at best an informal experiment that showed that either the liquid or the conditions under which they swabbed the petri dishes were not sterile. Interesting nonetheless! Bonus video: using a 60,000 PSI waterjet to get a skateboard wheel rotating at 45,000 RPM. What could possibly go wrong? Water Trapped in Quartz Rock vs 60,000 PSI Waterjet – Enhydro Agate (YouTube / Waterjet Channel)
Day-to-Day Living Diabetes and Lupus: Managing Comorbid Conditions Previous Article Next Article Many people with lupus also have diabetes, and the ways that the two diseases are related are complicated. It isn’t easy, but it is possible to navigate both illnesses at the same time. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that effect how the body processes and regulates its use of glucose, a digested, easily-used form of sugar. It is usually caused by issues involving insulin, a hormone important to balancing the levels of, processing, storing, and using glucose. Insulin is responsible for telling cells in the body to take in the sugar and use it as energy. Or, if there is too much glucose in the bloodstream, to store glucose in the liver for later use. There are 2 common scenarios for people with diabetes (that can overlap): 1. There is not enough insulin for the body to use 2. The cells are unable to respond properly to the insulin What, exactly, is happening with insulin? This is a harder question to answer than one might expect. Diabetes is actually a family of several different diseases, with different causes, treatments, and symptoms. They are grouped together based on the primary issue: too much glucose ends up in the bloodstream. Glucose and Symptoms Glucose is the primary energy source for cells throughout the body, and every cell needs it to live. But, too much glucose can lead to serious problems in various organs and tissues throughout the body. Symptoms of diabetes include: • Extreme Thirst and Hunger: A sign that something is amiss with the body’s ability to balance its blood sugar and water levels. • Metabolism Changes: Includes unusual weight loss, with ketones in the urine, a chemical compound that indicates that the body is processing fat and muscle tissue for energy. • Frequent Urination: A result of poor regulation in the body, and also a result of increased drinking of water. • Skin Lesions and Poor Healing: Open sores, blisters, and skin infections that heal slowly can be an indication of diabetes • Frequent Infections in Soft Tissue: commonly found on the gums, the skin, and inside the vagina • Neurological Symptoms: Including fatigue, irritability, and sensory issues such as blurred vision While there are many different variations of diabetes, they are usually classed into 3 diseases: 1. Reversible diabetes 2. Type 1 diabetes 3. Type 2 diabetes In reversible diabetes, the blood sugar is high but not dangerously so and can be controlled with diet. A form of reversible diabetes, known as gestational diabetes, happens during pregnancy and often ends after the baby is born. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are not reversible once and are known as chronic diseases. What is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is the least common form of diabetes and the form that usually occurs in childhood. Previously, it was commonly known as “juvenile diabetes.” In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas, the organ responsible for producing insulin, is not able to function properly. Because it does not produce enough insulin to meet your body’s needs, the body is unable to regulate the levels of sugar in the bloodstream. The cause of type 1 diabetes could be genetics, viral infection, or damage. Still, in all cases it is an incurable condition. People with diabetes manage it with regular insulin injections and careful tracking of blood sugar levels. What is Type 2 Diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is also known as “adult onset” diabetes and is based on insulin resistance. Over time, your cells do not respond properly to insulin and the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate. Eventually, this resistance becomes so great that the pancreas cannot produce enough to get the glucose out of the bloodstream. High blood sugar has been shown to lead to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Weight issues, as well as high carbohydrate and high sugar diets, are a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can be managed with diet, exercise, and insulin, but once it has reached the point of type 2 diabetes, there is no cure. Lupus and Diabetes As a chronic autoimmune disease, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) also effects the entire body, and has many complex interactions with diabetes. Between organ damage, medications, dietary issues, fatigue, and an inability to get enough exercise, SLE can affect all aspects of a person’s life. These effects cause people with SLE to have nearly double the risk of developing or already having diabetes. In studies, researchers have noted that people with SLE have higher resistance to insulin overall. Insulin resistance is a failure of the body to respond to normal levels of this hormone, leading to issues with the levels of glucose in the bloodstream, both too much and too little. Other hormones, such as C-peptides, associated with diabetes are found in people with lupus. Resistance to insulin appears to be caused by organ damage, and can lead to worse symptoms of lupus. It can also lead to diabetes. Effects of Diabetes on Lupus Diabetes is well known to worsen other conditions, and SLE is no exception. Diabetes worsens lupus symptoms, creating a cycle of interaction between the diseases. Insulin resistance also increases some of the risks inherent in SLE. Oddly enough, it is less certain whether hospitalization is increased or decreased. But there is a lot that is not known about the interactions between diabetes and lupus. For example, ideal dosing of medications can be complicated. Anti-rheumatic medications that deal with the joint pain of SLE do not appear to have an effect on diabetes. However, glucorticoids or corticosteroids, a common immunomodulatory medication for lupus, appear to directly affect insulin resistance. Prednisone in particular made insulin resistance worse. Corticosteroids also can cause weight gain, which can lead to many complications in diabetes in particular. It is very clear that the two illnesses have many links, and even share symptoms (including kidney disease). They cannot be treated individually in a vacuum. The whole person with lupus and diabetes must be taken into account when managing treatment and medication. But what exactly does that mean? Lupus Medication and Diabetes Research shows that certain medications for lupus might reduce the risk of diabetes. In particular, antimalarial medications like hydroxychloroquine, which bring down inflammation and prevent lupus from damaging the body, seem to prevent people from developing type 2 diabetes. You can read more about hydroxychloroquine, also known as Plaquenil, here. In a study, 1498 patients with SLE were followed over the course of their treatments. The median time of follow up was 4.62 years. The study focused on prescribed antimalarial medications and development of diabetes. Since glucocorticoids and prednisone in particular, another lupus medication, increases the risks of type 2 diabetes, the combination may help mitigate the risks. You can read more about prednisone and corticosteroids here. Metformin, on the other hand, is an anti-diabetic drug that might be useful for lupus. It effects the metabolism of the immune system, so might help with lupus. But, it is known to interact negatively with other medications including ibuprofen and insulin. Of course, managing lupus is more than just the medications – it is the entire lifestyle of a person with lupus. This lifestyle also effects diabetes in many ways. Diet, Diabetes, and Lupus According to the American Diabetes Association, diet and exercise are vital to managing diabetes. This is the same for SLE, and the exercise and dietary requirements of the two overlap very well. For diabetes, controlling timing and amount is the most important aspect. Although what one eats is also vital, people with diabetes should eat carefully measured amounts of food at regular times. This prevents blood sugar spikes while maintaining a healthy weight. For lupus, nutrition is more important than regular timing of meals. While a person with lupus should do their best to stick to regular meal plans, aiming for a diet that provides good nutrition is crucial. So, What Should You Eat to Control Both Lupus And Diabetes? A varied and balanced diet with whole vegetables, lean meats or fish, fruits, nuts, whole and grains. Keep it rich in fiber and omega-3s, and low in sugar, fat (especially saturated and trans fats) and sodium (often via salt). Sugar in particular has a major effect on both lupus and diabetes. It causes major spikes and swings in blood sugar and also contributes to inflammation. Keeping calories at a healthy level is also important. And helps prevent weight issues, which can make the symptoms of both diabetes and lupus worse. Read more about calorie-restricted diets here. Limiting alcohol consumption is also something to consider. Diet, along with staying active and exercising regularly, can help reduce the risk of heart disease, a very serious symptom of both illnesses. A Lupus Warrior’s Takeaway Diabetes and lupus have different causes and symptoms, but they can occur together and affect each other in many ways. To prevent kidney damage, cardiovascular disease, and serious symptoms, a person with lupus and diabetes needs to treat both conditions as best as they can. Comments (3) 3 thoughts on “Diabetes and Lupus: Managing Comorbid Conditions 1. Before SLE Lupus I didn’t have diabetes or high cholesterol. I thought they were related. My research leads me to a big YES. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Day-to-Day Living Swimming, Sun, and Lupus Summer brings with it many fun activities for people with lupus, including swimming, that... Day-to-Day Living Positive Affirmations and Lupus Positive affirmations and positive thinking are two powerful strategies that can help Lupus Warriors... Day-to-Day Living Age, Getting Older, and Lupus The relationship between aging and lupus is a complicated one and can be difficult...
Signal jammer can help prevent cell phone use Definition of interference equipment: A signal jammer is a device that emits radio waves in the same frequency band as mobile phones and other devices. After installing the machine, the phone will not be in the service range. You cannot make or receive calls. During this time, with the rapid popularity of smartphones and other devices, I felt uncomfortable with cell phone ringtones in cinemas, cafes, museums and concert halls. There are many situations that bother other people. There are bad behaviors, such as cheating on a mobile phone at the test site, creating unfair results. In addition, sensitive information may leak in sensitive locations such as military bases and government agencies, and hospitals also need to provide patients with a tranquil environment. Using a signal jammer can prevent ringing and talking on the phone, prevent cheating, prevent the leakage of private and confidential information, and prevent radio noise. The radio waves from the base station are blocked, so that the mobile phone and the base station cannot be connected normally, and the terminal cannot be used. The phone is disabled. This means that you can make and receive calls temporarily.Cut-off signal: Compatible with GPS / 3G / 4G / CDMA / GSM / DCS / PHS / Wi-Fi. Leave a Reply
1. Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon. 2. An inflammation of the tendon sheath. perithecium (s), perithecia (pl) 1. An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification. 2. In some kinds of fungus, a flask-shaped fruiting body that contains spores. peritonaeum (s), peritonea (pl), peritonaea (pl) peritoneal lavage (s) (noun), peritoneal lavages (pl) The instillation and retrieval of a physiologic solution in the peritoneal cavity in order to examine the effluent for abnormal cells, bacteria, or evidence of internal bleeding following trauma. Irrigation of the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of the peritoneum (the tissue layer of cells lining the inner wall of the abdomen and pelvis). Peritonitis can result from infection; such as, bacteria or parasites, injury and bleeding, or diseases; such as, systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus is a condition of chronic inflammation caused by an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses which occur when the body's tissues are attacked by its own immune system. Around a tonsil or the tonsils. 1. Surrounding the tracheae. 2. Situated around the trachea. 1. Any of various protozoans, such as the vorticella, having a wide oral opening surrounded by cilia. 2. Any ciliate protozoan of the subclass Peritrichia. 1. Relating to cilia or other appendicular organs projecting from the periphery of a cell. 2. Having flagella uniformly distributed over a cell; used especially with reference to bacteria. 1. Rotatory; circuitous. 2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the pericarp to which it is attached. 1. Surrounding the uterus. 2. Around the uterus. Situated around or near a vessel or the tissues surrounding a blood vessel.
Human growth For healthy growth and development humans require a balanced diet. The major food groups that make up a balanced diet are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Food groupSourcesFunction CarbohydratesFruit, vegetables, bread, pasta, riceProvide energy for cell activities FatsButter, cream, cheese, meatEnergy storage and insulation ProteinsBeans, eggs, meat, milkProvide building materials for growth and repair Bread, grain, pasta, potatoes and rice. Butter, cream, cheese, ice cream and pork pies. Lamb chops, beef steaks, eggs and salmon. A healthy diet also includes vitamins and minerals. The lack of a certain vitamin or mineral in the diet can result in a deficiency disease. VitaminSourcesFunctionDeficiency disease ADairy products and oily fishHealthy skin, good vision in low light and strong immune systemNight blindness: difficult seeing in low light conditions CWide variety of fruit and vegetables, especially citrus fruits like orangesHelps maintain cells that give support and structure to the body and helps injuries to healScurvy: tiredness, joint pain, bleeding and swollen gums DOily fish and eggsHelps body to absorb calciumRickets (in children): weakening of the bones MineralSourcesFunctionDeficiency disease CalciumDairy products, green leafy vegetables like spinach, and nutsNeeded for formation of strong bones and teeth, blood clotting and control of muscle contractionsRickets (in children): softening and weakening of the bones IodineSea fish, cows’ milk and cerealsNeeded by thyroid gland to make hormones that regulate energy release and growth in cellsGoitre: swelling of thyroid gland to create a lump in the throat IronMeat, dried fruit and nuts, dark-green leafy vegetablesNeeded to make a protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygenAnaemia: a decrease in the number of red blood cells means that body cells receive less oxygen and are less able to release energy from food. This results in tiredness and pale skin. Water is also vital for healthy growth and development. All cell reactions happen in solution, and water is used to transport dissolved nutrients and waste products around the body in the blood.
Dominican Republic Religion, Transport, Geography, Politics and Population History in Dominican Republic In ancient times, the Taino tribes, which formed from a small group of immigrants from South America, lived on the territory of the present island of Haiti. The first European to set foot on this land was Christopher Columbus, who named this island Hispaniola. After that, the Spaniards began to settle here. The current capital of the Republic of Santo Domingo was previously the capital of all Spanish possessions in the New World. In 1697, the island was divided into the French part (west) and the Spanish (east), between these countries there was a constant struggle for borders. After the war between France, Spain and England in 1795, the entire territory was ceded to France. In 1794, slavery was abolished in Haiti, and the population, dissatisfied with the actions of the colonists, began to strike. In 1803 the French left the island, and in 1804 it gained independence. February 27, 1844 As a result of the uprising of one of the national movements, the Dominican Republic was proclaimed. In general, the country declared its independence 3 times. The United States immediately took advantage of such a precarious situation on the island – in 1916 they announced that the country was under their military control, after which their occupation began. It lasted until 1924, when American troops were withdrawn – Later, in 1930, the well-known dictator Trujillo was elected president, who eventually led the country to an economic crisis. Since 1961, after his assassination, the restructuring of the former regime began. Religion in Dominican Republic Catholics predominate among believers (95%), many residents are adherents of local cults. Transport in Dominican Republic There are no direct flights to the Dominican Republic from Russia. It is best to fly here with a change in Miami and New York, Madrid, Paris or Frankfurt, as well as in Lima. The country has 6 international airports. Transport is well developed here. Modern luxury buses run between major cities and resort areas, while older buses and “gua-gua” minibuses run on local routes. This type of transport is quite cheap and convenient. There are ferries between some coastal towns, such as between Samana and Sabana del Mar. To rent a car, you must be over 25 years old, have a driver’s license and a credit card. Plant and Animal World in Dominican Republic Tropical forests grow in the coastal zone and mountain valleys. As a result of greater moisture, the northeastern slopes of the mountains are covered with tropical forests of red and logwood; mixed forests grow on the drier southern slopes. Giant cacti can be found in the southern part of the Dominican Republic. Minerals in Dominican Republic In the bowels of the country there are reserves of bauxite, nickel, gold and silver, deposits of copper ore and table salt are being developed. Banks in Dominican Republic Banks are open on weekdays from 8:00 to 18:00. Money in Dominican Republic The official currency of the country is the Dominican peso. It is equal to 100 centavos. In circulation there are banknotes of 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1 pesos and coins of 1 and 5 pesos and 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1 centavos. Tourists also accept US dollars as payment, but it is better to pay with local money. Currency can be exchanged at the airport, at the hotel or at any exchange office (casas de cambio). Reverse exchange at the airport is possible with a certificate of currency exchange at a local bank, but usually no more than 30% of the original amount. The country also accepts credit cards. Rate: 100 Dominican Peso (DOP) = 1.89 USD Political State in Dominican Republic According to politicsezine, the Dominican Republic is a democratic republic. The head of state and government is the president, the executive power is concentrated in the hands of the government, the legislative body is the National Congress. Population in Dominican Republic Most of the population is mulatto, the rest are either blacks or are of European origin. The official language of the Dominican Republic is Spanish. On the border with Haiti, many people still speak French. English, German and Italian are common in tourist areas. Cuisine in Dominican Republic Legumes and a variety of vegetables are widely used in Dominican cuisine; rice, red beans, cassava, mashed wild bananas with mango onions and various salads are usually served as a side dish. The national dishes that the locals eat on a daily basis are: thick soup with meat, rice and vegetables “asopao”, stew of meat, beans, rice, lettuce and fried bananas “bandera”, meat baked in banana leaves with vegetables “pastel-en- ojas”, fried pork “puerco en puya” or “puerco asado”, vegetable and meat stew “sancocho”, grilled pork with fried bananas. Rice and red beans in all sorts of combinations, cassava, wild banana puree with mangu onions and various salads are used as a side dish. Seafood dishes are less popular, you can try fish fried with coconut crumbs, fish in pescado con coco coconut milk sauce and crabs in cangrejo guisado sauce. For dessert, a variety of tropical fruits are mainly consumed. Rum is the national drink of the Dominican Republic. There are more than 15 of its varieties, the most popular are Brugal, Barcelo and Bermudez. Rum is consumed neat or added to cocktails. Of interest is the local alcoholic drink “pru” (fermentation product of the juice of the plant of the same name). Aromatic coffee is brewed everywhere. Cuisine in Dominican Republic About the author
We have provided below number of speech on global warming, its causes, side effects, prevention methods and solutions. All the global warming speech are written using very simple and easy words for the students. You can select any one of these: Speech on Global Warming Global Warming Speech 1 Good morning to my respected teachers and dear friends. I would like to speech on the Global Warming at this occasion. Global warming is a continuously increasing environmental issue all over the world. There is no any single country responsible for its causes, all the countries worldwide are responsible for its ever increasing. Actually global warming is a global increase in the temperature of the earth because of our some daily activities. Our various activities heats up the earth which ultimately rises its temperature. Rise in temperature takes place when greenhouse gases (such a carbon dioxide, water vapours, nitrous oxide, methane, etc) trap heat and light from our surroundings and sun. Ultimately, rise in temperature hurts the lives of human beings, animals, and plants. There are many reasons for the increasing global warming however some of the primary and main causes are considered because of the Green House Effect. Global Warming Green house effect is caused by the green house gases carbon dioxide, chloro-fluoro carbon, methane, nitrous oxides, etc gases. Such green houses gases are generated by our daily activities and get collected in to the atmosphere and form a cover around the Earth which again absorbs hot sun rays and make this earth a burning earth. The absorbed heat remains in the lower circle of biosphere and enhances the temperature level. According to the statistics it has been estimated that by 2050 the rise in temperature of earth would be about 4° to 5°C. In last five centuries, it has raised by about 1°C however half of this warming is raised only during twentieth century. So, the global warming is at peak and alarms us regularly with its bad effects. It is affecting almost all parts of the world and causing sea level to rise, glaciers to melt and many more which covers all the low land islands. It is destroying huge forests, killing algae, acid rain, etc. Acid rain is very dangerous which may destroy anything in touch. Global warming causes natural fires which may wipe out whole forests. Continuous rise in the earth temperature affects agricultural crops, forests, marine life and life growth on the earth. It cannot be solved by the effort of only one country, it needs global effort of all countries to reduces its effects and completely eliminate it. Thank You Global Warming Speech 2 Good morning to my respected teachers and my dear friends. Now-a-days, every one of us is well aware of the threat of climate change. It is a serious issue increasing continuously because of the global warming. It is a big issue for our future generations to face all the challenges of this irreversible catastrophe changes in the environment. Global warming is the regular increase in atmospheric temperature of the earth. Earlier the rate of rise in temperature was slow however currently it is going at a faster rate. The main causes of the global warming are green house gases such as nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, etc. Such gases gets collected in the atmosphere and trap heat from all resources like sun and heat created by human activities (burning fossil fuels, petroleum, deforestation, etc). Global warming affects our planet atmosphere in many ways. Because of increasing temperature in the environment, the arctic glaciers start melting and threatening the life of polar bears. Melting glaciers creates lots of water which increases sea levels in the low land areas of South Sea Islands. Increasing ocean temperatures creates problems to the life of plants and animals of water causes algae to die and disturbs entire food chain. In order to lessen the side effects of the global warming many laws have been made and implemented by the government of various countries such as limiting the harmful vehicle emissions, reducing emissions of chemicals causing damage to the ozone layer, reducing plant cutting, inducing tree planting, car pooling, etc. We should change our habits positively in order to reduce waste by choosing the use of reusable products instead of disposable one. We should buy products having minimal packaging to reduce amount of wastes. We should recycle paper, newspaper, glasses, aluminium cans, etc. If we start recycling at least half of your household wastes, we can save approximately 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide emission every year. We should reduce the need of electric use such as air condition, hair drier, room heater, etc. We should make the habit of turn down lights while sleeping at night or day when we go outside. We should replace our regular bulbs with the compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Regular use of the CFL instead of regular light bulbs would help in eliminating around 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We should try to drive less and in very smart way for the fewer harmful gas emissions. We should try to walk by foot as much as possible instead of using bike, car or other means of transport. We should reduce our hot water use and try to use cold water as much as possible. In this way by reducing our electricity use we can reduce the global warming. Together with changing our own habits, we should encourage others to conserve energy by reducing lights use as much as possible. Thank You Global Warming Speech 3 Good morning to my respected teachers and my dear friends, I would like to speech on the topic of global warming today. Global warming is mainly caused by the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. Some of the greenhouse gases are CO2, water vapour, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. When these gases get collected to the lower environment, it makes a cover which easily allows all the hot radiations of sun to the earth however restrict its escape back to the space. This process is called as the Green House Effect. Such gases in the atmosphere trap hot radiations and keep earth warm by increasing temperature. The level of green house gases also raise because of the human activities such as burning trees, burning fissile fuels, electric lights, use of refrigerator, microwave, air conditioner, and other electric machines. Such process releases high percentage of carbon dioxide and other green house gases into the atmosphere causing the earth temperature to rise. Rise in heat causes more water from earth to evaporate into atmosphere, water vapour again absorbs more heat and makes earth atmosphere warmer. Global warming has changed natural processes rainfall patterns, length of seasons, rise of sea level, ecology balance and many more. It is a powerful demon affecting our lives to a great extent so it needs to be solved on urgent basis by the effort of all of us. Thank You Global Warming Speech 4 Good morning to all my respected teachers and dear friends at this great occasion. I would like to give a speech over the global warming which is a most prominent environmental issue. Day by day, we are feeling great changes in the atmosphere and climate of the earth. The earth atmosphere is getting warm gradually however the process has become fast in last few years. The natural disasters we are facing now a day such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclone, storm, thunder, etc are the result of global warming. We are feeling a huge change in the season’s length like winter season is getting short and summer season is getting long. Polar icecaps and glaciers are melting to a great extent. In some regions of the country, there is decrease in the snowfall amounts; spring season seems to occur earlier and flowers bloom before time from few decades. Huge climate change is the indication for us indicating bad effects of the global warming. Birds are migrating from hotter to colder regions, hurricanes in the Atlantic are more frequent having high intensity. Sea levels are rising continuously, glaciers are melting because of stronger heat waves, human health is getting deteriorated, climate is changing, weather patterns are changing, environment temperature is increasing affecting whole climate adversely, and other problems because of the human industrial activities. Earth’s surface atmosphere is steadily increasing because of the primary causes of global warming such as green house effect of the green house gases. Green house gases collected in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide traps the dangerous UV rays and makes environment hotter. Because of the global warming drought and flood may occur more frequently. Increased earth’s temperature worldwide causes more moisture absorption and thus droughts. Due to the drought fields do not get adequate soil moisture so the farmers face lots of financial hardship. The worldwide people’s demand of fruits, vegetables, and grains do not become fulfil due to drought. Thus, global warming brings food shortages all over the world. Warmer air in the atmosphere holds lots of moisture than the cool air which results in the flood in many areas. Both droughts and floods adversely affect the crop production. These are natural disasters affecting human, animals and plants lives in many aspects. Coral reefs are considered to be the most important for the water lives as they provide food and shelter to the fish, crabs, sea turtles, and other aquatic animals. So, the global warming is a big threat to the existence of life here on the earth in future. It needs to be solved by the global effort of people on urgent basis to maintain healthy and happy life here. Thank You More on Global Warming: Essay on Global Warming Slogans on Global Warming Paragraph on Global Warming
Home-generated waste also causes environmental problems that you might not have imagined before. There are things you discard from your homes that cause negative environmental impact especially when you don’t dispose of them properly. As such, it is always a good idea to consider the kind and types of products that you purchase regularly for your homes. You never know the small ways you can help in lessening the environmental problem. Household waste is also known as domestic waste is one of the most common types of waste. There are houses everywhere and each home generates their waste every single day. As such, you might find the need to dispose of your accumulated trash from time to time. It might be a nightmare to discover, but these are some of the things you discard or throw off on a whim that can cause dangers to the environment. These items are products that don’t seem dangerous at first, but your rubbish removalists take extra care steps before scrapping them. They can be very dangerous to the environment. Water contamination and negative effects from wildlife can result from erroneous disposal of these items. These are: Automotive products Products for your automobiles are considered hazardous house waste. When you discard those products for your cars, they can be a cause of issues during disposal. Typically, items like brake fluids, car wax and gasoline are flammable and should be in precaution. It would be better to handle them beforehand before disposing of them or calling your local rubbish removals to dispose of them. House cleaners Another common household item you probably dispose of all the time is your selection of house cleaners. These products are very heavy in chemical compounds. As such, they can be a source of irritation and flammability. In bigger volumes, house cleaners are also very toxic both to wildlife and people who handle them upon disposal. It might be surprising but batteries make it to the list of items that can potentially harm the environment. Batteries are acidic in nature and as such, they can be toxic around nature. Like automotive products and house cleaners, batteries can also be a source of water contamination and toxicity. Thermometers and mercury-containing apparatus Mercury has long been one of the most noted elements in products. As a toxic compound that was used in the production of some thermometers, it can be dangerous to anybody. Mercury poisoning cases have always been recorded around the world. Disposal of thermometers and any other similar apparatus need to be highly regarded to prevent mercury contamination in open water sources or freshwater bases. Chemical fertilizers Chemical fertilisers are also dangerous when you don’t handle it well. As many chemical compounds can be found in chemical fertilisers, they tend to be irritants and corrosives in times of long exposure. In an environment setting, chemical fertilisers can help plants, however, they do nothing to the soil composition that plants are in. There is a proper way to dispose of paints and paint thinners. Water-based paint products are not hazardous and they can go with your normal household waste containers and collection. Other paints, however, like latex paint should be mixed in with something else that’s solid. After then, you can dispose of them off with other household waste without causing much harm. There are many household products that cause negative effects on the environment. Water contamination and harm to wildlife are inevitable with improper disposal of these items. As such, we are all responsible for properly disposing of these household waste to prevent it from causing any harm to nature. We are Paul’s Rubbish Removal and we are on a mission to help you in your garbage needs at the same time enact efforts in lessening the degradation of the environment. As much as we care for your trash, we also want to do our part in actively making the environment as free as possible from problematic household waste. Rest assured we do our best in keeping the dangerous trash away from nature. Do you have household waste you need to dispose of? You can contact us anytime for all your household rubbish removal needs. Give us a call at 0407 125 125 or send us an email at info@paulsrubbish.com.au cleanup crew Les Thompson - Bondi Sheryl D - Maroubra Simon R - Auburn Sarah Ann
In San Francisco, California, in July 1867, Martin Oates, a Civil War veteran, became the first person to be arrested under a new city law banning people with obvious disabilities from appearing in public. Passed earlier that month, Order No. 783 made it an offense for “any person who is diseased, maimed, mutilated or deformed in any way, so as to be an unsightly or disgusting object, to expose himself to public view.” Oates had been paralyzed while fighting for the Union, becoming “a perfect wreck” and “half-demented,” according to the San Francisco Call. Despite his military service, Oates was jailed until he could be institutionalized in the young city’s almshouse, which was still under construction. San Francisco had enacted the new law after several years of complaints about an influx of poor newcomers: Chinese laborers, Italian immigrants, and Civil War amputees. As the Weekly Mercury editorialized, “San Francisco seems destined to become a ‘city of refuge’ for all the lazzaroni of the Pacific Coast. As one treads our streets, the eye is shocked at the frequent appearance of maimed creatures, whose audacity is only paralleled by the hideousness of their deformities. … Until the Almshouse is completed, some refuge should be found for these deformed ‘objects of horror.’” “Ugly laws,” as they would later be dubbed by disability activists, soon became popular in cities across the United States, just one prong of a broader push for so-called public hygiene. As Susan Marie Schweik recounts in The Ugly Laws (2009), US authorities sought to cleanse public spaces of people judged to be subhuman in one way or another. These laws went hand in hand with the racial segregation of public facilities, mandatory institutionalization for the physically impaired or mentally ill, immigration bans for the “unfit,” and the eugenics movement. In the words of the US Supreme Court’s 1927 opinion in Buck v. Bell, which upheld compulsory sterilization for those with “hereditary defects”: “It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind.” The last city to repeal its ugly law, Chicago, only did so in 1974, the same year as the last ugly-law prosecution – of a homeless man in Omaha accused of having “marks and scars on his body.” Meanwhile, Buck v. Bell has never been overturned. While some sensibilities may have changed, the idea remains in many corners of society that those with disabilities don’t fully belong. That perhaps they shouldn’t count as genuinely human at all. Photograph from Sybilline Photography There’s a quote by Socrates that shows up on the walls of the kind of gym that nerdy guys work out in: “No one has a right to be an amateur in physical training. It is a shame for a man to grow old without seeing the strength and beauty of which his body is capable.” The quote is genuine, taken from a dialogue by Xenophon in which Socrates takes a young man, Epigenes, to task for letting his body go flabby. It memorably expresses the ancient Greek ideal that physical wholeness is connected to moral wholeness – the virtuous citizen was called kalos k’agathos, “beautiful and good.” It’s a noble ideal in a very limited way. And in its bad forms it has all too often turned deadly, casting those who do not measure up as incomplete Untermenschen. In the pre-Christian era, those with disabilities might be exposed as infants; in modern times, they have been targeted by eugenics, most infamously the Third Reich’s Aktion T4 euthanasia campaign, under which as many as 300,000 people deemed “life unworthy of life” were killed. Much has changed since then, thanks to the tenacious advocacy of the disability rights movement. Yesteryear’s hellish institutions have given way to customized educational programs and assisted living centers. Public spaces have been reconfigured to improve access. Therapies and medical technology have advanced rapidly in sophistication and effectiveness. Protections for people with disabilities have been enshrined in many countries’ antidiscrimination laws and in a 2007 United Nations convention. But these victories, impressive as they are, mask other realities – patterns of action and omission that collide awkwardly with our society’s avowals of equality in ways that few care to consider for long. Take for example two practices that have proliferated around the world since the turn of the millennium in discordant synchrony with the spread of disability rights legislation: prenatal testing and so-called assisted dying. Four years ago, Iceland made headlines for having “eradicated” Down syndrome, as one expert put it. In reality, of course, Iceland is eradicating not a syndrome, but the unborn children who have it. The country offers universal prenatal screening for chromosomal aberrations; almost all women who receive a positive test result choose abortion. Today, only one or two babies with Down syndrome are born in Iceland in an average year, usually because of false negatives. The numbers from other countries tell a similar story: a 67 percent Down syndrome termination rate for the United States, 90 percent for the United Kingdom, 98 percent for Denmark. When my wife and I were nervous parents expecting our first child in Germany, our midwife told us that the baby was due for the Down syndrome test. (Unlike most newspapers’ style guides, midwives tend to speak of “babies” rather than “fetuses.”) Somewhat obtusely, we asked her what modern medicine could offer if the test came back positive. Her eyes teared up when spelling out the obvious; it turned out that she was a devout Catholic, but was obligated to get us to sign a waiver if we turned down the test. We did. Prenatal chromosomal screening seems humane – what could be more caring than checking whether your unborn baby is healthy? Except that in this case there is no cure, just an invitation to end your child’s life. Whole medical systems have been methodically set up to enable you to do so. Why would loving parents, who in some cases desperately want a child, choose to abort a baby likely to have a disability? Many say they want to spare their child a life of suffering. Yet as disability activists point out, this reflects a false assumption that may largely result from misleading framing by doctors: as a group, people with disabilities, even profound disabilities, report a generally high quality of life. Another reason is economic: parents conclude that they can’t afford a child with disabilities, or that the demands of their jobs don’t leave them the time to give the extra care required. These pressures can be real, certainly for working-class parents in countries like the United States without much of a social safety net; such parents’ decisions to terminate may well be made under duress. It’s a poignant illustration of the central insight of the “social model of disability”: that lack of ability due to an impairment is caused less by the impairment itself than by the social and economic barriers that determine what kind of lives people with disabilities (and their families) can and cannot live. Yet money is not the whole of it, as indicated by the high rates of Down syndrome abortion in Nordic countries with generous healthcare and welfare systems. In fact, socialized healthcare can even work against people with disabilities, who in such a system are easily regarded as outsize burdens on the public purse. This is not just a theoretical fear. Public health providers around the world already now promote prenatal screening as a way to save money thanks to its success at nudging parents to abort children who would otherwise require expensive care. Behind the wonkish cost-benefit analyses lurks the same impulse that inspired 1930s Germany’s propaganda against “useless eaters.” Which serves as a reminder that eugenic policy has usually sought not only to prevent the “unfit” from being born, but also to hasten their deaths. In 2002, Belgium legalized euthanasia, the second modern country to do so (after the Netherlands). The Belgian law’s text limits euthanasia to the cases of people with “a medically futile condition of constant and unbearable physical or mental suffering.” It wasn’t long, however, before disability itself had become qualification enough, even absent a terminal diagnosis or physical pain. In 2013, twin forty-five-year-old brothers who were deaf chose medically assisted suicide after a glaucoma diagnosis indicated that they would become blind as well. In 2015, a thirty-eight-year-old with autism requested and received euthanasia after she broke up with her boyfriend. A 2020 report noted that in that year, fifty-seven assisted-dying deaths were of people with psychiatric disorders, and another forty-eight were of people with cognitive disorders; of the last group, forty-three did not have a terminal condition. Proponents of modern euthanasia emphasize that it is voluntary, an expression of the individual’s freedom of self-determination, in contrast to the involuntary eugenics of past eras. Yet in practice the line between the two is far from clear-cut. Belgium, to stick with that example, has expanded its laws to allow euthanasia for children, including those with disabilities, as well as for adults incapable of giving consent (the term is “non-voluntary euthanasia”). During the height of the first Covid wave in early 2020, when ventilators were in short supply, health authorities raced to develop criteria for which lives to prioritize. Some US states listed disability itself – not likelihood of survival – as a reason to deny care. As the writer Alice Wong asked in a Vox article at the time: “I’m disabled and need a ventilator to live. Am I expendable during this pandemic?” She went on to question the assumptions behind the pandemic care guidelines: Even the notion of “quality of life” as a measurable standard is based on assumptions that a “good” healthy life is one without disability, pain, and suffering. I live with all three intimately and I feel more vital than ever at this point in time, because of my experiences and relationships. Vulnerable “high-risk” people are some of the strongest, most interdependent, and most resilient people around. In the writing of disability activists, one name repeatedly surfaces as a representative of the view that such lives have less worth: the philosopher Peter Singer, whose 1979 book Practical Ethics argues that the value of a life is not based on whether it is human, but on the degree to which an individual possesses self-consciousness, rationality, and autonomy. Following this logic, Singer concludes that the parents of babies with severe disabilities should be able to end their child’s life not just before birth, but also afterward. Forty years of critique by disability advocates have not budged Singer’s position. As Katie Booth commented after interviewing him in 2018: His arguments are built intricately and beautifully, like a perfect mathematics equation, but at their core beats a single assertion, one that is still too difficult to concede: that this group of human beings aren’t really people. Many others, however, do concede this assertion, even if only tacitly; that, at least, is what widespread support for euthanasia and abortion in cases of disability strongly suggests. Millions who have likely never heard of Peter Singer – who might well recoil from his defense of infanticide, who may even consider themselves disability-rights allies – nonetheless agree with the core of his claim about which lives, when push comes to shove, ought to count. What explodes this claim, and this whole way of thinking, is the existence of people like my late friend Duane. Duane was twenty-one when I got to know him well, four years younger than me. Since he never learned to speak, and generally didn’t seem to understand words spoken to him, he likely wasn’t “self-conscious” or “rational” by Singer’s definitions. He certainly wasn’t autonomous: he couldn’t walk except for a few minutes at a time in a complex gait trainer that supported his back and knees, and he required a caregiver to assist him with eating, showering, toileting, and just about everything else. Duane Photograph by Marcus Mommsen For a while I was that caregiver. The opportunity came to me through a pastor in the Bruderhof, who suggested I give it a try at a time when I felt that much in my life as a community member had gone off course. Duane was then living with his parents, Jeremy and Mengia; their other kids had recently grown up and left the house. I moved in, and under the supervision of Duane’s doctor and a nurse, started looking after him 24/7. I’d never interacted with someone like Duane before. Like the people who wrote the ugly laws, I’d avoided people who looked like him. In reality, he was a handsome fellow with a radiant personality, as I’d realize in time, but what I saw at first was the contorted limbs, the painfully tight tendons, the often vacant expression, the uncontrolled movements resulting from brain damage caused by a lifetime of grand mal seizures. I soon learned to wake in the night at the change in his breathing patterns that indicated that another seizure was about to hit. Much of every day he spent in pain. Duane had no realistic prospect of ever gaining more physical ability. And yet it was an undeniable fact that he was fully a human being. After a few weeks I could read his moods, and there was no doubt he was happy when I showed up and he enjoyed spending time with me. The feeling was mutual. Once I’d learned the basics of his care, we started taking expeditions into the woods using his all-terrain wheelchair. He’d spend the bright afternoons lying on a pile of leaves underneath a sugar maple, often chuckling at the leaves drifting above him across the deep blue fall sky. Every now and then, at unexpected moments, Duane would catch my eye and fix me with a direct gaze. It was a look that pierced, earnest and disconcerting. Sometimes I thought it was a look of deep sadness; at other times it felt like a challenge from one who could see me as I really was. Or maybe it was just a question: “Who am I? Who are you?” In these moments it seemed as if we were on the verge of communicating, as if, but for just one tiny obstacle, the spark of comprehension was ready to leap between his mind and mine. I had spent most of my high school and college years imbibing the anxious creed of meritocracy, which not coincidentally elevates the same rationality and autonomy so prized by Singer. “You are the crème de la crème,” the college president had told us in freshman orientation, and I’d believed him – which meant believing that the worth of my own life, and other people’s lives, depended on achieving at a high level, developing one’s full potential, and earning socially valuable credentials. Now here was a guy roughly my own age for whom none of that made sense – whose life was as truly human as anyone’s, and perhaps even more coherent than mine. What’s more, though he needed help with care, he didn’t need me to meritocratically excel at being a caregiver. As far as I could tell, he was more interested in having a buddy. When December arrived, we mostly had to stay indoors. Apart from the routines of meals, hygiene, and physical therapy, there was often not much to do other than listen to music. If Duane was feeling high-energy, the playlist was anything with a fat beat, especially drum and bass. But on the days after a seizure, he’d often just sleep, and so quieter music was in order. On those days, since it was the Advent season, I worked through my Christmas classical collection, and ended up listening several hundred times to one movement from Mozart’s Great Mass in C Minor. In it, a soprano soloist sings thirteen words from the Credo, in a gentle but soaring melody: Et incarnatus est – “He was made flesh.” The final phrase is repeated over and over, the words dissolving into long melismas intertwined with oboes and bassoons, as if the music itself is overcome by an awe beyond all speech that this event truly happened: Et homo factus est – “and He was made man.” What kind of human being did Christ become when he was made flesh? Not someone, scripture hints, who was valuable by virtue of his physical beauty, credentials, social status, or freedom from dependence and vulnerability. According to Christian tradition, he was rather the man described by the prophet Isaiah: “He hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. He is despised and rejected of men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not” (Isa. 53:2–3). Mozart’s eight-minute song is the deepest meditation I know on the mystery of the Incarnation. This mystery is not accessible by the intellect. Though we may repeat the words of the creed, and affirm them as truths we accept, we don’t know what we’re saying unless we first let go of false conceptions of what being fully human means. Once we do so, we may discover a vocation that belongs to people disabled and nondisabled alike. In 1961, the novelist Flannery O’Connor, herself disabled by lupus, was invited by Dominican nuns in Atlanta to write an introduction to a memoir of a little girl they had cared for. Mary Ann Long would surely have fallen afoul of the ugly laws: she had one eye removed, and a tumor growing in half of her face. O’Connor wrote: Most of us have learned to be dispassionate about evil, to look it in the face and find, as often as not, our own grinning reflections with which we do not argue, but good is another matter. Few have stared at that long enough to accept the fact that its face too is grotesque, that in us the good is something under construction. The modes of evil usually receive worthy expression. The modes of good have to be satisfied with a cliché or a smoothing-down to soften their real look. When we look into the face of good, we are liable to see a face like Mary Ann’s, full of promise. Both Mary Ann and Duane show the face of what it is to be fully human, fully beautiful and good. To be human as Christ was human involves pain. It requires vulnerability, an emptying of one’s own power, and dependence instead of autonomy. It leads to perfection, but of a different sort than the one Socrates had in mind: “My strength is made perfect in weakness” (2 Cor. 12:9). This perfection is available to every human being. It is full of promise.
White Chantecler Chickens White Chantecler Chickens larger image Day Old White Chantecler Baby Chicks Hatching February through August Chantecler Chickens are listed by the Livestock Conservancy as in Critical need of conservation, the highest level of preservation alert. For people interested in preserving heritage breeds the Chantecler would be a good breed to focus on. And why not? This is a great breed of chicken and a perfect breed for people wanting dependable egg-laying in very cold climates. Production: White Chanteclers lay prodigious amounts of eggs in winter. Egg coloring is brown. These birds have almost no wattles and very small cushion combs. There is no need to worry about frostbite with these birds. Feathering is tight but with lots of insulating down or fluff against the skin. This winter hardiness makes them quite immune to winter's harshness and laying continues almost unabated. White Chanteclers are also good meat birds. They get quite heavy, have lots of breast meat, and the white feathers make for clean and very presentable table birds. Temperament: White Chanteclers are gentle with one another and get along well with other types of poultry. They can be high-strung, especially in confined conditions. They do well foraging and free-ranging. Hens have a tendency to broodiness especially as they get older. History: The Chantecler is Canada's first original breed of chicken. The White Chantecler was the inspiration of Brother Wilfred Chatelain of the Cistercian Abbey in Oka, Quebec. He decided to create a breed that was supremely Canadian, that would do well in the harsh Canadian winters, and that could be a solid and dependable egg producer and meat bird. Chatelain started his breeding program in 1908, breeding a combination of Dark Cornish, White Leghorns, Rhode Island Reds, White Wyandottes, and White Plymouth Rocks, which ultimately led to the White Chantecler as we know it. The Chantecler was named after the French words, 'chanter' and 'clair' which translate 'to sing bright.' The White Chantecler was admitted into the APA Standard of Perfection in 1921. APA Class: American Color Description: White Chanteclers are pure white with yellow beaks and legs. Eyes are a reddish bay in color. Wattles, combs, and ear lobes are bright red but very small and close to the body Conservation Status: Critical Weight: Cockerel 7.5 lbs, Pullet 5.5 lbs • Model: WHHC Please Choose: Select Gender Customers who bought this product also purchased... White Chantecler Chickens White Chantecler Chickens This product is out of stock.
Key issues surrounding the welfare of farmed fish Here are some of the key issues surrounding the welfare of farmed fish in the UK. Water quality The quality of water (its temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and so on) has a big impact on fish welfare. Different fish species survive better in different conditions. • We believe more work is needed on aspects of water quality such as carbon dioxide levels, which can impact fish welfare if they're too high. • Increasing the water temperature when the fish are small can make them grow more quickly, but if fish grow too fast during this time they can end up with spinal deformities. Handling procedures Farmed fish are sometimes handled, for example when they're being vaccinated or graded according to their size. These procedures can be stressful for the fish, especially if they're taken out of the water, and it's essential to keep handling to an absolute minimum. Stocking densities Stocking density is the weight of fish kept in a given volume of water. Research and practical experience has shown that, on its own, stocking density isn't necessarily one of the most important things affecting fish welfare. • Some fish seem to prefer a higher stocking density, while others prefer them to be lower. • Stocking densities that are too low can cause certain species of fish to become territorial and aggressive towards each other. boat transporting farmed salmon © RSPCA All transport, whether by road, boat or helicopter, can be potentially stressful for the fish. • Extra attention is needed during transport, particularly when the fish are loaded and unloaded. • It's also essential to be able to maintain the correct water quality for the whole length of the journey, even if delays or emergencies make the journey much longer than expected. There are a number of slaughter methods used in aquaculture. • We believe that the only method of slaughter that's acceptable in terms of animal welfare is percussive stunning followed by bleeding. Find out how you can help improve the welfare of farmed fish. Share this...
If you have a fire or water emergency, please call us now at (678) 515-8602 Fire & Water - Cleanup & Restoration Fire Safety Equipment 6/24/2022 (Permalink) There are two fire extinguishers and three 10-year battery smoke alarms. Use these fire safety tools to protect your home, family, and pets from fire, smoke, and poisonous carbon monoxide gas. Fires can start in a variety of ways, which includes faulty electrical wiring, lightning strikes, cigarette smoking, cooking mishaps, dryer vent ignition, gas furnace ignition, fireplace ignition, portable heater tip-overs, and so forth. Fires can smolder for hours before suddenly erupting into flame. If you have an electrical fire, a fire extinguisher, sand, and baking soda can be used once the electrical source of the fire has been disrupted. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are classified by ratings of A, B, and C. These ratings determine the size and type of fire that the extinguisher can put out as follows: • A type fires—they consist of burning wood, paper, and fabric. • B type fires—they consist of flammable liquids, such as gasoline and oil. • C type fires—they are electrical. The number that precedes the letter determines how big of a fire the extinguisher can put out in increments of 2.5 feet. For example: • A 10-B:C extinguisher—it can put out a 25-square foot fire from a flammable liquid or electrical source. • A 5-B:C extinguisher—it can handle a 12.5-foot fire from a flammable liquid or electrical source. Smoke Alarms There are two basic types of smoke detectors as follows: • Ionization smoke alarms—they are better at detecting small particles that are produced in greater amounts in flaming fires, which quickly consume combustible materials and spread in many directions. • Photoelectric smoke alarms—they are better at detecting large particles that are produced in greater amounts in smoldering fires, which may smolder for hours before bursting into flame. Both types are effective in detecting smoke and fire, but the best smoke alarms feature both technologies. Carbon Monoxide Detectors Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a toxic, colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that comes from an appliance malfunction and burning fossil fuels, such as oil, gas, and coal. A furnace crack, dryer vent clog, and a blocked chimney can all produce CO. Use carbon monoxide alarms to detect a leak quickly. Under normal operation, a carbon monoxide detector is able to vent the small amounts of CO gas that is produced outside of your home. However, small amounts of CO gas can build up and become a life-threatening problem when the vents are blocked. Carbon monoxide deprives you of oxygen that your blood depends on to sustain life. If you are exposed to even small amounts of CO, then it quickly bonds with hemoglobin in your blood and displaces oxygen. When this occurs, you experience flu-like symptoms, such as headaches, fatigue, nausea, dizzy spells, confusion, and irritability. As more time passes, the symptoms can worsen to include vomiting, loss of consciousness, brain damage, and even death. Place a CO detector in every bedroom, living room, and basement in your home to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. Other News View Recent Posts
How is this wrong? \| Sololearn: Learn to code for FREE! How is this wrong? So I just started learning Java, and I have encountered a practice exercise that I am unable to complete. Anyways, here is what I am stuck on: public class Program { public static void main(String[] args) { int beer = 64; int whisky = 23; //calculate the sum and output it int result = beer + whisky; System.output.println(result); } } If there are any people out there that are good at Java, if you could explain what I'm doing wrong, that would help a TON. Thank you! 1/19/2022 9:02:04 PM Sir Poobs 2 Answers New Answer It's System.out.println() not System.output.println() I don't know java at all. That being said, i used: System.out.println(result); and it worked just fine. Also, fix up those tags. The only relevent one is "java"
Missing lighthouse keepers remembered after 100 years THREE lighthouse keepers who mysteriously disappeared from a remote Scottish island 100 years ago were commemorated at the weekend. Donal Macarthur, James Ducat and Thomas Marshall vanished from the lighthouse on Flannan Isle, one of seven small islands near Lewis, in December 1900. Their disappearance was reported by a passing ship when the lighthouse, which was normally visible for 24 miles in all weather, was unlit. The only clues were an up-turned chair, unmade beds and a meal of cold meat and boiled potatoes which lay untouched on the table. Exactly 100 years after they disappeared, silence fell for one minute on nearby Breasclete, west of Lewis, in honour of the three men. Residents, community leaders and descendents of all three were joined by officials from the Northern Lighthouse Board, which regulates the Scottish coastline. Speculation and theories have abounded as to what took place on the isle on the night the men disappeared. The three keepers were at the end of a 14-day shift but had been prevented from leaving due to bad weather. A log revealed there had been a storm the day before their disappearance. However, their final entry, on Dec 15, said that the storm had abated. Following the sighting of the unlit lighthouse, the SS Hesperes, a support ship, ventured on to Flannan Isle to investigate. The island was deserted. The jetty was battered and the rails were twisted. According to popular legend, three birds, either shags or cormorants, dived off the rocks as the SS Hesperes arrived at the jetty of the isle. Other myths that have persisted in the local communities include pirate raids, sea monsters and venging ghosts. The mystery captured the imagination of Phil Collins, the singer, who wrote a song about the disappearance of the men. The most credible theory is that the three men were swept out to sea by a freak wave. Alasdair Macaulay, a reporter with BBC Radio nan Gaidheal in Stornoway, who has been researching the incident, said: "I have heard about a woman at Crowlista in Uig who had been hanging out her washing on that day. " She was said to have seen a massive wall of water coming in from the west. "She apparently ran back to the house as this large wave hit the shore. Her washing and washing line were said to have been swept away."
10 Things You Didn’t Know Were Originated In India These essential everyday things, have their roots in India! FacebookTwitterLinkedInCopy Link India being one of the oldest civilisations in the world, has a rich history and culture. It comes as no surprise that many significant inventions have come out of India. 1. The Zero The biggest and the most important contribution to the history of mathematics was ‘Zero.’ All thanks to the man Aryabhata. Indians were the first ones to use ‘Zero’ as a symbol in mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, etc. 2. The USB (Universal Serial Bus) Ajay V. Bhatt (an Indian American computer architect) made the USB, a little removable storage device that is capable of holding a large chunk of data storage and transfer. 3. Shampoo The word shampoo is derived from the Hindi word ‘chāmpo’ and dates to 1762. The shampoo itself originated in the eastern regions of the Mughal Empire where it was introduced as a head massage, usually consisting of alkali, natural oils, and fragrances. Shampoo was first introduced in Britain by a Bengali entrepreneur from Bihar named Sake Dean Mahomed. 4. Buttons You will be surprised to learn that buttons also come from India. The origin of buttons traces back to the Indus Valley Civilisation in 2000 BCE. Some 5,000 years ago, they were made from seashells and formed into geometric shapes with tiny holes bored into them. In the past, they were used for ornamental purposes, but gradually, people started to use them for fastening clothes. 5. Board games That’s right board games, such as the classic ‘Chess’ and ‘Snakes and Ladders’. Chess is the game of intellectuals, and it originated as ‘Ashtapada’ during the Gupta period around the 6th century AD. Gyandev, a 13th-century poet, invented ‘Snakes and Ladders’, originally known as ‘Mokshapat’. The snakes represent vices, while ladders denote virtues. During the British rule in India, this ancient Indian game made its way to England and later to the USA. 6. Intel Pentium Chip The world-famous and most widely used chip in computers, the Intel Pentium Chip was invented by Vinod Dham. He is also called the ‘Father of Pentium Chip.’ 7. Flush/ Squat Toilets The modern-day flush and toilets were introduced in India way back in the 3rd millennium BC and were found in several houses of the Mohenjodaro and Harappa. They were basically toilet platforms made above the drains in the proximity of wells. 8. Microwave communication The technology used in radios, mobile telephony, radars, satellite communication, television broadcast, WIFI, remote controls and many other devices, owes its existence to the discovery made by Jagdish Chandra Bose in 1895. 9. Scale/ ruler/ weighing scale. The invention of rulers and scales dates back to the Indus Valley Civilisation prior to 1500 BCE. They were made from ivory back then. The use of weighing scales dates back to 2400 BC-1800 BC, and it’s also found during the Indus Valley Civilisation. 10. Ink Many ancient cultures and civilisations independently discovered and prepared ink for writing purposes. The source of carbon pigment used in Indian Ink (called musi) was used in ancient India. Since the 4th century BC, the practice of writing with ink with a sharp-pointed needle was common in South India. India is surely a land of innovations and surprises. Which one of these surprised you the most? Read more: 4 Day Workweek: Yay or nay? Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Your best version of YOU is just a click away. Download now! Scan and download the app Get To Know Our Masters Begin your Journey with ThinkRight.Me • Learn From Masters • Sound Library • Journal • Courses
Mary Devenport O'Neill was born on $1879$ in Ireland. She was a very famous Irish poet with a forward thinking and amazing creative skills. She was famously associated with W.B. Yeats, the most well known Irish poet of the time. She belonged to the early $20th$ century Modernist movement. Modernism was a movement which aimed to break out from the traditional and classical ideas and beliefs of the $18th$ and early $19th$ centuries. Her plays were mostly put up in the Abbey Theatre, which was the most famous literary theatres of Ireland. She had also worked as a teacher in Dublin, Ireland. She was very much interested in art works and practised imagism, which focused on expressing thoughts through precise images. The goal of using “imagery” is to create images in the minds of the readers and describe the five senses Some of her works include: • Cain • Bluebeard • Out of the Darkness • Prometheus and other poems • Wonderful Words • Scene Shifter Death The poem Wonderful Words, by Mary O'Neill, talks about how language is important in every human being's life. By language, she talks about how individuals use their words to convey what is on one's mind. The poem is a reflection of how words make the world a better place to live in. The poet very beautifully encourages the readers to make use of the blessing called language, to build a better and happy world. Video: ikenschool
14 Serious Mistakes of Your Tourism Brochure Marketing Strategy This article will provide a short assessment approximately the ancient heritage, significance, standards, ideas and wellknown debates approximately sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is one of the pre-specifications of reaching sustainable development. The idea of tourism with sustainability and development gets its historic inclusion from mass tourism that were given flourished in Sixties due to advent of jet plane and the passions for tourism got first rate following and it also reached Third World international locations (Dann, 2002). It changed into additionally argued that this enhance driven companies like World Bank and UN to examine the price benefit evaluation of tourism and it changed into hotel transfers acknowledged that ability costs of tourism are a ways lower than monetary benefits in shape of stability pf charge surpluses, infrastructure development, and employment and foreign exchange gains. So that gave upward push to the concept of sustainable tourism as one of the supply of bringing sustainable improvement. According to the World’s Summit on Sustainable Development (2002), it is claimed that Tourism is the world’s biggest enterprise wherein in 2000, 698 million people travelled internationally which 7.Three % extra than 1999. Similarly the monetary well worth of international tourism changed into US$477.9 billion in 2000 (Papers4you.Com, 2006). In phrases of one concrete definition, literature indicates that it is not constant and is ever evolving. However Coccossis (1996) asserts that sustainable tourism can be taken in four unique interpretations that encompass” monetary sustainability of tourism”, the “ecologically sustainable tourism”,” sustainable tourism development” with both consciousness of surroundings as well as long time feasibility of the industry and finally “tourism as part of a approach for sustainable improvement”. As noted above, sustainable tourism should be taken in attention to environmental and sources outcomes. It was argued that Mediterranean tourism is the primary source of monetary benefit for the cause however short term boom changed into disregarded with long term unfavourable effect and deterioration in their ecosystem and assets (Farsari, 2000) Effects of ignorant tourism on its sustainability include: ‘over consumption of herbal resources ,environmental degradation, exploitation of cultures and labour, displacement of humans from their land, lack of session with local groups, poorly concept out tourism planning and high foreign exchange leakage which reduces nearby monetary blessings’ in long term (World’s Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002), Where such outcomes are there to pose a risk on sustainable tourism there are guiding principles that could result in ensure sustainability (Papers4you.Com, 2006). Those principles encompass sustainable use of assets, waste and over-intake reduction, variety preservation, tourism-making plans integration, local financial system assist as well as nearby network involvement, consultation, schooling, studies and accountable marketing (Farsari, 2000)
Select Page Share post on ...Share on Facebook Tweet about this on Twitter Email this to someone Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, Rett’s disease, Pervasive developmental disorder, and more are considered to be part of the Autism Spectrum. It’s described as a spectrum because there is mental and behavioral malfunction of varying degrees of severity, but the underlying abnormality itself has many common threads.There is still much to be discovered concerning the causes of autism, but the following autism information will help clear up confusion concerning this disorder and present some research suggesting a correlation between autism and diet. Autism is not a cute disease where people repetitively talk about K-Mart prior to winning it big in Vegas. In fact, like K-Mart, it sucks. Parents of autistic children endure confusing, helpless, emotional imprisonment. People have heard that Autism is on the rise. Few know just how alarming the spike in this disorder really is however. In less than two decades, the incidence of autism in some locales jumped from 1 in 10,000 children born to more than 1 in 100.? This is a big jump on any time scale. It’s a huge jump for a century. ?It is a terrifying jump for less than 20 years. Few know what to make of this or what to do about it. The vast majority of doctors haven’t the slightest clue as to the causes of autism and even less knowledge about how to effectively deal with it. Luckily, the connection between autism and diet suggests that symptoms can be dramatically improved.Autism is one of the most responsive disorders to a specific dietary strategy that I am aware of.? Mothers worldwide who have sought out those answers, found them, and implemented effective autism diets have had promising results. Some claim to have even repaired their children to a degree where they can function normally once more. From doctors to Playboy legends gone mom,autism information in the form of books and coalitions to raise awareness about the things that can be done, and that do make a difference, are popping up by the minute. For starters, people need to understand what the disease is ? a digestive disorder.? Key neurotransmitters responsible for proper brain function and normal behavior and development are absorbed in the intestines. With severe malformation and malfunction of the digestive tract; however, the ?gut-brain? connection can go haywire to varying degrees, making digestive issues one of the major contributing causes of autism. From the digestive disorder stems many of autism’s other complications such as the destruction of intestinal villi responsible for nutrient absorption as well as chelating harmful substances like heavy metals so they can safely be flushed out of the system. Autistic children; however, typically have all kinds of wacky nutrient profiles from malabsorption, high levels of stored mercury, and many other strange phenomena. The constant inflammation accompanying the digestion problems (symptomatic or not), fans the fire. Although no one knows with absolute certainty all of the ins and outs of the digestive tract’s connection to the brain, and exactly what causes this digestive impairment in the first place, most speculation points to major bacterial overgrowth and an altered intestinal ecosystem. Antibiotics, oral contraceptives, vaccines, food additives, infant formula, environmental toxins, and processed food have taken much of the blame as causes of Autism. Personally, I feel autism may be more likely with some of these substances thrown into the scenario, but my personal hunch is that autism spectrum disorders are mostly the end-stage result of the degeneration process ? one that stems from many generations of faulty nutrition chock full of harmful substances, the greatest of which are refined sweeteners. In other words, autism and dite may be so connected that simple alterations in what we eat might just be the most effective treatment. Regardless, be assured that Autism information that can be of great assistance to parents with an autistic child will be made available right here. It will be the most cutting-edge version in circulation, unencumbered by mainstream medical notions that think such a thing is a waste of time and that any diet that doesn’t fit the food pyramid is sheer suicide. Nothing could be further from the truth. Welcome to
What are the various means by which countries are trying to strengthen their own domestic economies? The following are the various means through which the nations are trying to strengthen their own domestic economies (i) Nations are forming various regional and economic groupings like SAARC, European Union,G-8, G-20, ASEAN, etc in order to strengthen their economies through economic cooperation among the countries in the group to safeguard their common interests. (ii) They are also trying to know and analyse the developmental process adopted by their neighbouring nations, so as to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and formulate policies accordingly. (iii) Nations have also resorted to liberalise their economies by minimising government interference in economic activities. The economy is governed by market forces which promote efficiency and strengthen the economy. (iv) Nations have also adopted the process of globalisation to integrate their economies with other economies of the world in order to provide wide international market to their domestic producers and attract foreign investment.
Racial Diversity Learning Outcomes • Discuss racial diversity in the workplace a middle eastern woman wearing a hijabAs with every form of diversity we have discussed, racial diversity is an important part of the workplace. Each year the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission data shows that an average of $112.7 million a year is collected from employers to pay for racial discrimination violations. This tells us that there is still work to be done to provide a welcoming and inclusive work environment. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made discrimination on the basis of race illegal. However, even though the Civil Rights Act was able to change the law, changing the minds and perceptions of others in society may not be as cut and dry. To ensure employment equality, additional pieces of law and regulations have been put in place to protect minority groups. This includes, but is not limited to Equal Employment Opportunity Laws and Affirmative Action. However, even with these laws and regulations in place, the racial diversity growth numbers are moving at an alarmingly slow rate. According to recent numbers, Google’s workforce is 3% Latino and 2% Black. LinkedIn’s company has 5% Latino and 3% Black employees. These are just a small sampling of companies, but the trend is across the board. So what is the problem? Why do companies have such low racial diversity? There is no one-size-fits-all answer here but let’s explore some of the possibilities. First we need to examine company diversity goals. There are four possibilities: 1. A company sets a goal to become more diverse and implements it at all three levels of influence 2. A company wants to be more diverse, sets a goal to do it, but doesn’t know the proper way to go about making it happen 3. A company states they want to be more diverse but put in no effort to do so 4. A company wants to keep things as-is and has no interest in diversity Every company is different and so are their goals. For the purpose of this section, let’s address numbers one and two. We need to examine recruiting methods in order to see why a larger number of diverse individuals do not get hired. Many companies hire employees based on internal referrals. There is no better advertisement for a company than a happy employee. Therefore, it is not uncommon for people to apply for positions where they know someone on the inside. This is not always beneficial for creating diversity because people are oftentimes attracted to individuals similar to themselves. In addition, we need to examine where the company is recruiting new employees. If they continue to recruit from the same places, chances are their applicant pool will remain pretty similar. Furthermore, there are unspoken and unconscious biases in each of us. Some biases we may not even realize we have. So how does this play a role in encouraging diversity? Marianne Bertrand from Chicago’s Graduate School of Business and Sendhil Mullainathan with MIT, conducted an experiment to see how different names on resumes may play a role in getting a call back. They fabricated names and created fake resumes to send to thousands of different job openings and their findings were rather alarming. According to their study, “Applicants with white-sounding names were 50 percent more likely to be contacted for job interviews than those with typical black names.”[1] Whether the decision to call someone in for an interview based on their name was a conscience decision or a subconscious one, it is definitely something to address! Dawn D. Bennett-Alexander is a lawyer, an associate professor of Employment Law and Legal Studies at UGA, and co-author of the leading Employment Law text in the country. She gave a TEDx Talk on how to utilize “Practical Diversity” in the workplace and in your everyday life. You can view her talk below. Many people think of African Americans and Caucasians when they think of racial diversity. However, this leaves out other minority groups, such as Hispanic and Asian individuals, who face similar challenges in the workplace and do not account for a large percentage of the workforce. We must strive to get tomorrow’s workforce to more closely mirror the breakdown of the total population—at all levels of all places of work. The bottom line is that today’s workforce has room to grow in regards to racial diversity in the workplace, and it starts with identifying the issue and creating a plan to fix it! Practice Question Dyson, Eric. “Improving Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Workplace.” PeopleScout. November 30, 2017. Accessed April 22, 2019. https://www.peoplescout.com/racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-the-workplace/ Stainback, Kevin, Corre L. Robinson, and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey. “Race and Workplace Integration.” American Behavioral Scientist 48, no. 9 (May 1, 2005): 1200-228. doi:10.1177/0002764205274816. Improve this pageLearn More 1. Leonard, Bill. "Study Suggests Bias Against 'Black' Names On Resumes." SHRM. February 1, 2003. Accessed April 22, 2019. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/0203hrnews2.aspx.
Skip to main content Spaniels chase birds for the same reason that retrievers go after balls: it's a strong instinct that has been deeply ingrained courtesy of many years of selective breeding. Many spaniels find the movement of birds irresistible, to the point of even chasing birds in their dreams! A Matter of Instincts All dogs have some level of chase instinct, better known as "prey drive." Indeed, prey drive is a genetically driven instinct, that dates back to the times prior to domestication. Before being domesticated, dogs were hunters and scavengers. This means they had to often work for their meals. The wolf, a dog's ancestors, spent several hours a day searching and hunting for prey animals to survive. Interestingly, humans at some point, decided to partner with dogs because several dog predatory traits turned helpful. However, some traits required to be emphasized, while others needed to be mellowed down. For example, certain dogs were found to be potentially great candidates for herding livestock as they are naturally inclined to chase, however, their instinct to bite the livestock had to be watered down as they couldn't afford to loose any due to injuries. After years of selective breeding, sheep dogs were created. On the other hand, certain dogs were found to be potentially great candidates for searching for wild animals, but their sense of smell had to be accentuated, to the point that they could track them from a distance and alert hunters of their findings. After years of selective breeding, scent hounds were created. Spaniels were also selectively bred because traits of their prey drive could have turned helpful. Their prey drive indeed turned out especially helpful to hunters. The History of Spaniels Prey drive runs deep into spaniels. Spaniels were selectively bred for various purposes, but one of the most prominent tasks was flushing game out of brush. The "game" consisted mostly of birds and small game. Scroll to Continue Discover More Lime sulfur may be used to treat skin conditions in dogs Can Humidity Cause Hot Spots in Dogs? Screenshot 2022-07-20 134750 Why Do Puppies Act Hyper in the Evening? Screenshot 2022-06-30 214012 Why Does My Dog Pee When Walking? A dog peeing when walking is something that can leave dog owners baffled, wondering what is going on with the affected dog. Not only is the behavior odd, but it can also be messy considering that you'll be cleaning up after your dog. Discover some reasons why dogs may pee while walking. In the early times, birds were hunted mainly by throwing nets. Spaniels therefore turned helpful in flushing birds out of thick bush into nets. As the first shotguns were invented, spaniels were used to drive birds out of their hiding spot so that the hunter could aim and shoot. The term used for depicting the action of driving the birds out of their hiding spots is "flushing," but the term "springing" can also be used The job of spaniels was therefore more dynamic compared to other gun dogs, such as pointers who had to stand motionless pointing, and setters who had to "set" that is, crouching down at the sight of birds. It therefore should come as no surprise the fact that many spaniels will want to chase birds in the back yard. Now That You Know... As seen, spaniels have a good reason to chase birds: they were bred to do that! However, if you want to have your spaniel a little more under control here are a few tips. • Avoid calling when your dog takes off. Calling your spaniel from doing what he likes doing best may come to feel like a chore, something not worthy or even can feel as punishment. It will also risk weakening her response to her recall since she's not coming when called and our recall risks becoming victim of a phenomenon known in training circles as "learned irrelevance." Basically, failed recall, after failed recall, our recall starts losing its power until it becomes irrelevant. • Avoid off-leash walks. The more your spaniel engages in bird-chasing behaviors the more they put roots. When we allow a spaniel to chase birds, we are establishing a strong reinforcement history. The dog getting to carry out an ingrained instinct and this is internally reinforcing. • Keep your spaniel on leash or on a long line. It's important to engage in management for now until you can work on obtaining a more stellar recall-which will take some time as you're working against strong instincts here. So management-wise, I would keep a spaniel on leash, or alternatively, you can find a compromise and use a long line. A long line is a long type of leash (ranging from 10 to 30 even 50 feet). • Train a strong recall. With your spaniel on a longline, practice some recalls starting in low distraction areas such as in the yard or on quiet walks with no birds around. Here's how to train it: how to train your dog to come when called • Use a silent whistle. Using a silent whistle may come handy when calling dogs over distances. It's the same process only that rather than voice your dog learns to come when you sound the whistle. Here's a guide on dog whistle training. • You may also want to train a strong response to the leave it cue. Here's how to train it: how to train a dog to leave it and drop • Work gradually under distractions. Remember that you are working under strong distractions with a breed blessed with ingrained chasing instincts, so you're looking more at an advanced form of training. This takes time and lots of practice. You need to start indoors, then in the yard and then gradually increase distractions on walks. • Create set-ups. One of my favorite methods is to practice recalls and leave its with fake birds and helpers that drag around stuffed animals tied to a long string in tall grass. I also have helpers also toss rocks (without the dog seeing) in tall grass on an opposite field and practice with that while the dog is on a long line. Soon, the dog realizes that the sounds of grass being moved by the tossed rocks doesn't produce prey and learns to attend less to it and pay more attention to the treats I have. • With some challenging hunting dogs, I find that more than verbal cues (like saying leave it) they may respond more readily to sounds. I have therefore had more success with these guys by making a smacking sound and then delivering a treat to reinforce paying attention to me/looking at me. I start training this in areas with little distractions like a fenced yard and then gradually increase the level of distractions. Rep after rep, the goal is to have a dog who learns to look at you by default anytime your dog hears a sound/catches a smell. • Use a flirt pole. Practicing leave its and drop its with a flirt pole can also turn helpful. This is a good impulse control exercise. • Reward with high-value foods. Very important is to use very high value rewards for choosing to leave it or come when called under strong distractions. These rewards need to surpass the adrenaline associated with the fun of the chase. I like to feed several treats in a row (I use the super duper high value foods like strips of baked liver) to leave a strong impact. However, in some dogs bred for hunting, the drive/instinct to hunt is so strong that they can care less even if you dangle a slice of liverwurst in their face. Their eyes are sort of glazed over, and they look as if they're in a trance. It's important to catch them before they get to this state and are under threshold. • Don't forget about scent. Spaniels are blessed with strong noses so you may want too practice with scent too. Find some feathers, you can practice with those (since they retain some odor) by creating set-ups. You can have a helper on walks place them in a bushy area (prior to you walking by), and you can practice walking by that area and doing leave its/recalls initially at a distance from the bush (always with the leash) using super value treats to reinforce good choices. Another idea that comes to mind, if you spot on walks an area where there are often birds, and you see them fly away, you can practice walking by this area since there will be some residual scent. • No guarantees. Consider that, even with lots of training, a time may come where we may meet a distraction we haven't worked on yet and things can get upsetting and even risky. Even a well-trained dog may catch and kill a rabbit or may run in a road full of traffic. It can happen, and this is why service dogs and police dogs in airports are often on leash too. It keeps them focused and out of trouble. So it's always best to use a leash or long line for safety (and also consider that there are many birds that are protected under state wildlife legislations. Related Articles
Dr. Tanusree Sarker Women’s College, Tinsukia INTRODUCTION: Growth of human population coupled with high standard of living through technological advancement has resulted in widespread degradation of environment at the global level. Environment belongs to all and is thus important for all. We all are affected by environment and environment is also affected by our deeds. A large number of acts and legislations nationally and internationally have failed to save the environment from degradation. The reason lies in the lack of awareness. Scientific inventions have made our lives easy and comfortable but at the same time we are going away from the traditional beliefs supported by religion. Cow is regarded as a Goddess in the Hindu scriptures and centre of all Hindu deities and gods. Before any religious function, the place is purified with cow dung. Women, in Indian villages smear the main door of their houses with cow dung. It is believed that this act leads ‘LAKSHMI’ (the goddess of wealth) to reside in their houses. Whatever the religious belief behind the use of cow dung, but it is proved by different experts in all over the world that cow dung protects our environment from pollutions. Use of ‘gobar gas’ and cow dung cakes as fuel in rural areas reduces peoples’ need for firewood and save the forest to a great extent. Cow dung is a very good disinfectant. The smoke of cow dung cake has a purifactory effect on the environment. Use of cow dung as manure in agricultural field not only protects our environment but also protects human health from harmful effect of chemical fertilizer. This paper makes a modest attempt to highlight the multiple use of cow dung for the protection of environment. It also analyses those religious principles, related to the use of cow dung for the protection of human environment. 1. Present paper is an attempt to highlight the multiple use of cow dung to save our environment from being polluted and to maintain a balance in the ecology. 2. Attempt to establish the link between the traditional beliefs and scientific inventions for the betterment of human civilization. Cow dung, also known as cow pats, pies or manure is the waste product and undigested residue of plant matter which passes through cow’s gut. Cow dung is composed of organic matter including fibrous material that passes through cow’s digestive system. Exact chemical composition is mostly carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous etc. with salt, some urea, cellulose and lignin, hemi cellulose. Its colour ranges from greenish to blackish and darkens after exposure to air. Cow dung is often used as manure and cow manure is consisting of 3% nitrogen, 2% phosphorous and 1% potassium that mixing with the soil improves the moisture holding capacity of the soil. As a result, the roots of the plants can use additional water and nutrients whenever needed. Cow manure fertilizer in all forms is a good addition to the vegetable garden. In rural India and many parts of developing world, cow dung cake is used as fuel. Cow dung can be used as an important resource to use to supplement organic matters and improve soil condition. It has been estimated that an average size of cattle produces 4-6 tonnes of fresh dung every year. In India, and other Asian nations a significant fraction of cow dung is used as cooking and heating fuel after making its bricks. Cow dung is also used to produce biogas to generate electricity and heat. The gas is rich in methane (CH4) which is one of the major components of natural gas and easily combustible energy source. Hence, it is used in many parts of India and Pakistan to provide renewable and stable source of electricity. In the last few years, the Government of India has promoted biogas production at individual and community levels using cow dung and other wastes. Biogas is used as cooking and heating fuel in many parts. During this process cow dung is converted into slurry which is again good quality manure and can be applied in agricultural field as soil conditioner. On the other hand, production of biogas by cow dung is a cheap alternative source of energy that can be used for fuel, cooking and producing electricity. Cow dung is used as mosquito repellent also. The chemical based mosquito repellents have some harmful and poisonous chemical that caused harms to human health. But a mosquito repellent prepared from cow dung mixing with other herbal materials free from any kind of side effects on inhalation. In few villages in central Africa, cow dung is burnt inside the house to repel mosquitoes. In earlier times in rural India, cow dung was used to line the walls of houses as a cheap thermal insulator. Cow dung coating in the walls of the houses prevent the dwellers from too heat and too cold. Cow dung provides food for a wide range of animals and fungus species, which break it down and recycle it into the food chain and into the soil. Cattle have a natural aversion to feeding around their own dung. This can lead to the formation of taller unorganized patches of heavily fertilized sward. These habitat patches termed ‘islets’ can be beneficial for many grasslands arthropods including spider and bugs that have an important function to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. Cow dung acts as water holding carriers and increases the porosity of soil if the soil is sandy or porous or not retaining the water. Cow dung also increases the geo technical properties like bulk density, dry density, and water holding capacity, porosity, infiltration etc. on soil. By using cow dung soil gets more nitrogen and increases the fertility status of the soil. Thus, increases the growth of plants and sustain productivity. Cow dung is a new source of energy for gasoline in energy poor Japan. A team of scientists in Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology had successfully extracted 1.4 millilitres of gasoline from every 100gms of cow dung by applying high pressure and heat. Japanese scientists were also successful to extract an aromatic ingredient known as ‘vanilla’ from cow dung that can be used as fragrance in shampoo and candles. Cow dung has antiseptic, anti radioactive and anti thermal properties. Cow dung protects the dwellers if the floor of the house is coated with cow dung. The Bhopal gas tragedy killed more than 20,000 people but the people living in houses coated with cow dung were not affected. Atomic power stations in India and Russia uses cow dung to shield radiation. By burning cow dung cake we can balance the atmospheric temperature as well as kill the germs in the air. In Indian villages, people used to coat the wall of their houses with cow dung which prevent them from too hot or too cold weather. Acid content in the water can be reduced by treating it with cow dung. In the Michigan State University of USA the scientists of the US Environmental Protection Agency invented a new technology “the MC Lanhan Nutrient Separation System” that produces about 50 gallons of pure water per 100 gallons of cow dung and other manure. Manures from cow dung and urine makes the soil fertile for yielding more nutrient fruits and vegetables for healthy life. Use of cow dung can overcome negative effect of chemical fertilizer in the agricultural field. Dung from one cow is adequate to fertilize 5 acres of land and its urine can protect 10 acres of land from insects. Cow dung provides food for a wide range of animals and fungus species, which break it into the food chain and into the soil. Cattles have a natural aversion to feeding around their own dung which leads to the formation of taller unorganized patches of heavily fertilized sward. These habitat patches termed “islets” can be beneficial for many grassland arthropods and spider, bugs. They have an important function in maintaining biodiversity in heavily utilized postures. Thus, help to maintain a balance in eco system. Deforestation is an important cause of environmental degradation. This problem can be solved to some extent by using cow dung for bio gas. India has approximately 30 crore cattle. Using their dung to produce bio gas, we can save 6 crore tons of firewood every year. Using cow dung cake as fuel can also save our forests and that would arrest deforestation to a great extent. Cow dung from a single cow from its life span produces 4500 litres of bio gas which is equivalent to burning of 6, 80, 00,000 tons of wood. Hence, using cow dung can help us to save 14 crore trees from cutting and burning and to protect our environment. The famous Italian scientist, Prof. G.E.Beagod has proved that fresh cow dung kills germs of Malaria and T.B. Japan uses cow dung to get protection from emission. Cow dung is the best natural disinfectant. The houses in Indian villages use cow dung paste to coat the floor and wall to keep away the infecting materials. Thus, the villagers enjoy a healthy life. In Hinduism, people should never show disrespect to for cows as cow is regarded as the gift of God for human race. There is a common belief that one should not feel any repugnance towards the urine or dung of a cow as these are pure and cow represent the divine mother that sustains all human beings and bring them up as her very own offspring. The vedic fire technique of ‘agnihotra’ was applied by a group of scientist in Yugsaslovia after the Chernobyl disaster and they were able to confirm that after burning a required components of cow dung in the copper pyramid radioactivity is reduced in the immediate vicinity. Burning of cow dung is a common custom in Middle East. Even the rooms of hospitals in some countries of Southern Europe used to clean by burning cow dung. Cow dung contains a substance which has a disinfecting effect and reduces pathogenic bacteria. Many ancient cultures used cow dung in order to fight various illnesses. Cows are considered sacred in world religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and others. In ancient Greece, Egypt, Israel and Rome held similar beliefs. In South India and some parts of Srilanka, a cattle festival is celebrated. Even in Assam, the first day of our main festival(Rongali Bihu) is ‘goru Bihu’. Cows are considered as Goddess Laxmi(the goddess of wealth and prosperity). Thus, in villages people clean their houses with cow dung, sprinkle water mixing with cow dung every morning, hang cow dung cakes in the entrance of the house and burn cow dung cakes so that they remain healthy and wealthy always. All these acts of the people help to protect environment from being polluted. Thus, the religious/traditional beliefs have a great scientific value too. Protection of environment is necessary to save the natural environment for the sake of the universe. Environmental protection is influenced by three factors- environmental legislation, environmental ethics and environmental education. But with the advancement of civilization and scientific invention we are forgetting the use of natural resources as cow dung which is the third most important services rendered by animals for the social, economic and environmental well being of the human world. The combination of traditional beliefs and scientific invention along with Government’s legislation and mass peoples’ awareness can protect the environment that leads us to a pollution free society. • Yadav et al.International journal of recycling of organic waste in agriculture,2013 • ‘Development of cow dung based herbal mosquito repellent’, S.A.Mandavgaue,V.Pattalwar AND A R Kalambe, Dept of Chemical Engeneering, Priyodarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, in ‘Natural Product Radiance’, Nagpur, 11th April, 2013 • Jhonson K A, Jhonson D E, 1995, ‘Methane emission from cattle’, Journal of Animal Science, 73:2483-92. • N A Mazumder,“Cow dung as manure”, The Economic Weekly, 14th May, 1960.
Run program from boot Tutorial: How to run a program from boot Having a program start by itself when you boot your Raspberry Pi can be very useful. There are a few ways of running a command at start-up, but in this tutorial we will create a script within etc/init.d so that when the system boots the program will start/stop automatically on boot/shut-down. For the purpose of this tutorial we will show you the method for an arbitrary program created in python ‘’ with its location /home/pi/ The following code will work for any script, just replace ‘example’ with name of your program and replace /home/pi/ to wherever you are actually keeping your script. First we need to create a script within /etc/init.d/. Type the following command in the terminal but replace ‘example’ with the name of your own program: sudo nano /etc/init.d/example This will open a text editor. Paste the following code into here and replace the name and location of the program with your own. The parts in black are the ones you’ll need to change: #! /bin/sh # Provides: example # Required-Start: #$remote_fs $syslog# # Required-Stop: #$remote_fs $syslog# # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: start a program from boot# Description: A simple script which will start a program from boot and stop upon shut-down Put any commands you always want to run here. case “$1” in echo “Starting example # run the program you want to start echo “Stopping example # end the program you want to stop echo “Usage: /etc/init.d/example {start\|stop}” exit 1 ;; Once you’ve copied the above code and replaced the names with that of your own exit and save with Ctrl+X. Next you need to make the program executable: sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/example Check the program is working correctly from etc/init.d/example by test starting it: sudo /etc/init.d/example start And the same again test stop the program: sudo /etc/init.d/example stop Next we need to register the program with the system so it knows to run/stop the program at boot/shutdown. sudo update-rc.d example default And that’s it! Now you can reboot your Raspberry Pi and the program ‘example’ should start up automatically. If you ever wish to stop the program running from boot type the following command: sudo update-rc.d -f example remove Source: ModMyPi \| Tutorial: How to run a program from boot Translate »
Leonardo da Vinci, master Renaissance sage An Australian interviewer recently asked me, “of all the people throughout history, who would you like to spend time with?” Here’s my answer: He sought to understand the nature of life two centuries before the microscope was invented. He believed the earth was a living, self-organizing and self-regulating system. Leonardo had exceptional powers of observation and a powerful visual memory. And his “sublime left hand” (as his friend and mathematician Luca Pacioli, called it) drew in excess of 100,000 drawings in more than 13,000 pages. Some 6,000 pages were preserved as manuscripts that are now in libraries and private collections. Others were preserved in larger forms known as codices, and are held by the British Royal family and Bill and Melinda Gates. More than 100 years before either Galileo or Bacon, Leonardo developed a new empirical approach to science—systemic observations of nature, logical reasoning and some mathematical formulations, all the backbones of today’s scientific methods. Leonardo’s uncanny ability to draw complex swirls of turbulent water and swift movements of birds was so accurate that nothing could match it until the advent of photography over three hundred years later. He believed that in order to paint nature he must first understand it. Studying patterns in nature enabled him to transcend all boundaries. His studies of muscles and bones lead him to invent gears and levers, interrelating physiology with engineering. His observations and recordings of turbulence in water led him to understand the flow of air, which in turn allowed him to explore sound, theory of music and the design of musical instruments. His experiments in mathematics on continuous quantities came as a result of his incomparable drawings in nature. His science was inexorably linked to his art and vice versa. The lists of his inventions—some 300—are phenomenal. They include small submarines for marine warfare, air bags, goggles and flippers for frogmen to bore holes in the planks of enemy ships, table lamps with variable intensities, opening and closing automatic doors using counter weights, folding furniture and a spit with variable speeds based on the intensity of the roasting fire. As an architect he focused on design, which included villas, palaces and cathedrals, and he was often consulted as an expert on architectural problems. In 1482 he witnessed the Bubonic Plague in Milan and quickly deduced the city’s appalling sanitation as the culprit. He submitted a proposal to rebuild the city with decent housing, shelters for animals and street to be regularly cleaned by flushing them with water. He designed ideal cities to contain no more than 30,000 people with two levels – upper for pedestrians, lower for vehicles with stairs interconnecting them and underground canals to carry sewage away. Leonardo worked on the human eye for more than 20 years and his research on optics, anatomy and neuroscience ranks amongst his finest achievements. His renowned inventions of flying machines were truly amazing and all based upon thousands of hours of observing the birds on the hills outside Florence. Recently, his glider model was built and tested off the cliffs of southeastern England, and its engineers noted that it superseded the first attempts of the Wright Brothers in 1900. His belief that all inventions came from nature’s blueprint occurred 500 years before the applied engineering field of biomimetics was created. His love of nature and passion for all life stands as a beacon for all that is good in humankind, and I can’t help but think that even the master Renaissance designer, engineer and scientist knew so: “Read me, O reader, if in my words you find delight, for rarely in the world will one such as I be born again.” Earth Dr. Reese Halter is a broadcaster, biologist and author of “The Incomparable Honeybee.” Related Articles Latest Articles %d bloggers like this:
Mycoplasma genitalium From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource Revision as of 18:55, 19 August 2010 by BarichD (talk \| contribs) This student page has not been curated. A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Mycoplasma genitalium Higher order taxa Bacteria; Firmicutes; Mollicutes; Mycoplasmatales; Mycoplasmataceae; Mycoplasma Mycoplasma genitalium NCBI: Taxonomy Description and significance Mycoplasma genitalium is a parasitic bacterium with the smallest known genome of any free living bacteria at 580,070 bp long. They are believed to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria through a process of degenerative evolution, leading to the loss of many ancestral genes and the reduction of its genome.[1] Genome structure The genome-sequencing projects have shown that there is a 62% similarity between the coding regions of Bacillus subtilis and a 56% similarity to E. coli.[9] There is even closer similarity to the Gram-positive species of Lactobacillus and Clostridium. This provides strong evidence that the mycoplasmas are more closely related to Gram-positive bacteria.[1] Cell Structure and Metabolism "Mycoplasmas are benign pathogens causing mostly mild and chronic infections, but rarely killing their hosts."[3] It is possible that mycoplasmas, including M. genitalium are evolving towards symbiosis.[9] There is also evidence that M. genitalium can enter host cells using their tip structure. Being able to exist as an intracellular pathogen may allow for protection against the host’s immune system and it could also explain the difficulties in fully eliminating the disease, despite antibiotic treatments.[3] Current Research Most past research on Mycoplasma genitalium has focused on its minimal genome in order to determine the genes necessary for life. Experiments done in the Institute of Genomics Research on Mycoplasma genitalium, tried to determine the genes that are essential for a living organism. By comparing Mycoplasma genitalium genome with Mycoplasma pneumonia and utilizing gene knockout techniques, scientists discovered that only 300 out of 517 genes were necessary for life. The functions of 111 of these genes in M. genitalium were unknown. It was found that genes for some tRNAs that were thought as essential, were not necessary. The genes that are defined as essential in their work only apply under laboratory conditions and not in the natural environment. Their work also has a lot of ethical and environmental implications as it could pave the way for the “creation of a living organism in the laboratory.”[2] Studies have also been done on the association of mycoplasmas and AIDS, specifically their role in AIDS activation. Their ability as possible factors in AIDS activation has increased research into mycoplasma and their pathogenesis. “The substantial number of studies carried out on the AIDS-associated mycoplasmas, M. fermentans and M. penetrans, have considerably advanced our knowledge of mycoplasma cell biology and host immune system modulation…however, thus far the proposed role of mycoplasmas in AIDS activation remains controversial and doubtful.”[9] While the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in causing non-gonococcal urethritis in men is well known, more recent research has focused on its pathology in women. While its role in causing cervicitis has been known, it has only recently been linked to pelvic inflammatory disease in women.[11] Its role in other urogenital tract infections in women is still being studied, as well as M. genitalium effects on fertility and pregnancy.[3] 2. Deborah, Josefson. “Scientists try to discover how many genes are necessary to build a living organism.” BMJ (British Medical Journal). December 18, 1999. Volume 319(7225): 1592. 3. Jensen, Jorgen Skov. “Mycoplasma genitalium infections” Danish Medical Bulletin – No. 1. February 2006. Volume 53: 1-27. Edited by Michael Yam, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano
Install Docker on CentOs 8 / Rocky 8 What is Docker? Docker is an open-source project that automates the deployment of software into portable, self-contained containers that may operate on-premises or in the cloud. To comprehend what Docker is and what it accomplishes, you must first comprehend the distinction between a Virtual Machine and a Container. As the name implies, a virtual machine (VM) is a virtual image or partition that, as closely as feasible, emulates a complete, distinct system – that is, it has its own (virtual) CPU, memory, and frequently (virtual) peripherals. As a result, it requires its own operating system by definition. However, in order to deceive the OS into believing it is operating on a real (rather than virtual) machine, another component must sit between the OS and the HW and intercept OS calls that must be mediated (such as calls that might cause a crash in another VM, or damage or corrupt shared resources, etc.). A hypervisor is the other component, It will do things like map physical RAM to virtual RAM, manage registers, and so on. Docker, on the other hand, utilizes operating system characteristics, which allow the underlying operating system to divide access to resources and processes as a distinct environment, which is (roughly) what a container is. And it’s lighter than using Hypervisor-VM’s architecture: Installation steps Repo extras must be enabled. By default is enabled, but check before starting. yum repolist Uninstall older versions if exist. If you’re doing this on a fresh OS, you can skip. yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ Setup the repository: Install the yum-utils package (which provides the yum-config-manager utility) and set up the stable repository. yum install -y yum-utils yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ Install Docker engine: yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli If prompted to accept the GPG key, verify that the fingerprint matches 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35, and if so, accept it. Start Docker systemctl start docker Start Docker on boot systemctl enable docker.service systemctl enable containerd.service Test Docker engine installation by running the default image “Hello World” docker run hello-world Now you have the Docker engine running on your server! Exciting! You may get more optional post-installation info for Linux in the Docker documentation. Leave a Reply
Ignorance is Often Normal and Foolhardy Understanding Dividend Yield for Stocks, ETFs, and Mutual Funds. Don’t be ignorant! Just because ignorance is normal, we shouldn’t remain in ignorance. The phrase “ignorance is bliss” is really quite strange. It can mean a lack of knowledge makes you happy because you aren’t burdened by bad news or have to worry needlessly. Generally, you might be more comfortable if you don’t know something. However, most of life is not well lived in ignorance. One area of ignorance has to do with dividends and the various pieces of the dividend puzzle. When I am helping new investors, both young and old, I often learn that they do not understand dividends or the various pieces that make a dividend a good thing or a very bad thing. Therefore, in this and a couple of future posts, I hope to talk about four essentials related to dividends and why each is essential. The first topic will be “dividend yield.” This is expressed as a percentage. Why Does this Matter? Investments (stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, savings) don’t have value unless there is some way to use them to pay for the necessities of life or to increase your ability to be generous to others. So, if you are a retiree or you just want to be financially independent, you need a “strategy that should meet the following goals: 1. Produce sufficiently high income to meet basic needs; 2. Preserve capital in bad times (relatively speaking); and 3. Provide reasonably high growth for long-term wealth preservation.” (Source: Seeking Alpha) What is Dividend Yield? According to Investopedia, dividend yield is “a financial ratio (dividend/price) that shows how much a company (or an ETF or mutual fund) pays out in dividends each year relative to its market price. By way of example, Microsoft (MSFT) has a price per share of $259.58 (07/01/22 close). The next dividend will be $0.62 per share. This means the Annual Payout (FWD) is $2.48 because it is expected that MSFT will pay at least this amount each quarter for four quarters. Therefore, $0.62 times four is $2.48. Unless something happens to Microsoft’s business, they will have sufficient profits to maintain or increase the dividend. More on that in a future post! How to Calculate Dividend Yield To calculate MSFT’s dividend yield you need to know how to divide two numbers. MSFT’s yield is $2.48/$259.58 which is a dividend yield of 0.96%. If the price of MSFT’s shares goes up, the yield will drop. If the share price drops, the yield increases. However, the dollar amount each shareholder receives for each share remains the same. MSFT’s yield is less than the yield on our current saving’s account at Ally Bank. It is 1.0%. However, MSFT stock price could go up dramatically, making it a better long-term investment if the economy and inflation continue to grow. Some Cautions Are Needed Never assume that the higher the yield, the better the investment. For example, IBM and HPE are in the same business sector as MSFT (Information Technology) and they have yields of 4.60% and 3.70% respectively. This does not make IBM a better investment than MSFT. The same is true of information technology companies TXN, CSCO, and GLW. So while I own shares of MSFT as a dividend growth investor, yield is not the only consideration. Bear in mind, however, that there may be investments with a higher yield that are better than MSFT. For example, Cindie and I own 3,100 shares of HPQ which has a dividend yield of 2.96%, which is almost three times the yield of MSFT. (3,100 shares times $1.00 per share gives us $3,100 in income from our HPQ shares.) I think HPQ is a better investment at this time. We have $99K invested in HPQ and only $39K in MSFT shares at the current per share prices. We own shares of HPQ, AVGO, and STX in addition to our MSFT shares. A General Rule About Dividend Yield Don’t Boost Income Haphazardly There is a stock that currently has a dividend yield of 12.79%. It is NCMI (National CineMedia, Inc.) NCMI is an awful investment. There are a number of reasons I rate it as awful. It is a micro-cap advertising company with negative earnings and a high risk that the dividend will be cut or suspended. The general Wall Street consensus is that NCMI is a “buy” but that is a highly speculative opinion. The “short interest” ratio for this company is 7.09%. Any short interest greater than 1-2% is an indication that there are a large number of investors who think the share price will drop even more in the days ahead. Therefore, not only is it likely that the dividend will be cut or eliminated, but you will also lose value. Your shares worth $0.94 each today might be worth less than $0.50 per share in a month. Also note that the price of NCMI shares is down almost 82% in the last year. If you bought shares in 2013 you paid around $19 per share. Ouch! So, if I was ignorant, I would say, “Wow! I can buy 100 shares of NCMI for $94 and that $94 will yield 12.79%. The reality is that the investment will probably fail to deliver. Don’t believe everything Wall Street or your broker recommends. Dividend Ignorance is not the Worst Form of Ignorance Sadly, far too many people are ignorant of the truths God has communicated in the book we call “God’s Word.” The Bible says that we should have “former ignorance.” That means we know the truth God has declared and that we choose to agree with him and refuse to continue to live in ignorance. Bonus Link Regarding Alzheimer’s and Ignorance is Bliss Alice Whinnett Video Short Link As I was looking at “ignorance” using DuckDuckGo, I stumbled on a nice short video: Alice: Ignorance is Bliss by Thomas McNaught. It is a short video about his grandmother, Alice Whinnett. Link to Ignorance is Bliss.
• The impact of home computer use on ELL's reading performance Alsharif, Rasha (State University of New York College at Fredonia, 2018-05) This research study investigated the impact of home computer use on English Language Learners' reading performance. The primary research question was: What is the relationship between home computer use and the reading performance of ELLs? The participants were 13 Hispanic students who are 6th, 7th and 8th graders in School #1 and School #2. Both settings are located in Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States. This study used a 10-item survey distributed to these students, asking them about the effectiveness of home computer use on their reading performance with special attention to their English Language Arts (ELA) test scores. Results, in general, showed that computer use had positive effects on those students who had access to a home computer and used it for reading purposes. However, using a computer for a variety of purposes had a weak correlation with students' test scores. In conclusion, the study showed some similarities and differences between the current study and other previous studies on the same field. The findings of this study add to the understanding of using computers to increase ELA test scores in the field. [from author's abstract]
I know SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512 are all part of the SHA-2 hash function family. But there is now also a new SHA-3 hash algorithm. Could you please tell me the difference between SHA-2 and SHA-3? When and why should I use SHA-3? And which secure hash algorithm(s) does SHA-3 actually include? • 2 @xuinkrbin. that's a shame, as it is off topic on this forum - this question would be better off at crypto.stackexchange. Note that we now have one answer, and no additional answers can be added. So there is no way that this will ever become a useful hit at google - even if Ilmari's answer isn't half bad. But I've removed my rather offensive remark. Aug 22, 2013 at 23:27 • 1 It was useful to me. :-) Jul 12, 2016 at 20:43 1 Answer 1 SHA-3, also known as Keccak (its original name before it was chosen as the winner of the NIST SHA-3 competition), is a completely new hash algorithm that has nothing to do with SHA-1 and SHA-2. Indeed, one of the stated reasons why NIST chose Keccak over the other SHA-3 competition finalists was its dissimilarity to the existing SHA-1/2 algorithms; it was argued that this dissimilarity makes it a better complement to the existing SHA-2 algorithms (which are still considered secure and recommended by NIST), as well as making it less likely that any future cryptanalytic breakthroughs would compromise the security of both SHA-2 and SHA-3. For some background, the SHA-3 hash function competition was originally announced by NIST in 2007, after some new cryptanalytic attacks had called the security of SHA-1 into question. While the attacks on SHA-1 were mainly of theoretical interest back then, it was feared that further improvements on these techniques might allow practical collision-finding attacks on SHA-1, and that the same techniques might also be applied against SHA-2, which shares a similar design to SHA-1. Thus, NIST decided to hold a competition to select a successor for SHA-2, which would be named SHA-3. However, while a real world collision attack on SHA-1 was finally demonstrated in 2017, the feared attacks on SHA-2 have failed to materialize. It's nowadays generally accepted that breaking SHA-2 won't be as easy as it seemed ten years ago, and thus all the variants of SHA-2 are still considered secure for the foreseeable future. However, since NIST had promised that SHA-3 would be chosen in 2012, and since a lot of people had spent quite a bit of time and effort on submitting and evaluating new hash functions for the competition, and since there were some really nice designs among the finalists, it would've seemed a shame not to choose any of them as the winner after all. So NIST decided to select Keccak as SHA-3, and to recommend it as an alternative (not successor) to the SHA-2 hash functions. What all that means is that, if you want a secure and standardized hash function, you can choose either SHA-2 or SHA-3. If you're feeling really paranoid, you may even want to use both, and to design your cryptosystem so that it remains secure even if either one of the hash functions is broken. • 6 Using both hash functions can be a bit dangerous if you don't know what you are doing. It depends on what you want to achieve of course. Jan 16, 2013 at 21:48 • 2 Dangerous how? (not sure about potential pitfalls here...) – Laoujin Mar 24, 2018 at 1:03 • 1 not a cryptoanalyst here, but i think dangerous could mean either it could be easier to collide sha3(sha2(X)) than to collide sha2(X) or sha3(X), or it could mean that providing both sha2(X) and sha3(X) could leak more information about X than intented, and make guessing X easier. – Tshirtman Dec 26, 2019 at 22:56
Skip to content Should I Eat Red Meat? We love burgers just as much as you, but there's a crucial truth you must know before firing up the grill. Vegetarians and vegans aside, you'd be hard-pressed to find an American who doesn't enjoy occasionally chowing down on a juicy hamburger or biting into a tender steak. That said, numerous studies have repeatedly shown that eating too much red meat isn't great for your overall health, so finding a happy and nutritious medium is key. While The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends eating no more than 18 ounces of cooked red meats each week to reduce cancer risk, doctors tend to be even more strict about red meat consumption. Since red meat is high in cholesterol, most medical professionals recommend around two three-ounce servings of red meat per week. The Connection Between Red Meat Consumption and Negative Health Effects What exactly is it about red meat that makes an abundance of it detrimental to your health? A study conducted at the Harvard School of Public Health and published in the Archives of Internal Medicine that followed more than 121,000 men and women for an average of 24 years found that every extra daily serving of unprocessed red meat (steak, hamburger, pork, etc.) increased the risk of dying prematurely by 13 percent. Processed red meat, such as hot dogs, sausage, bacon, and the like, the study found, upped the risk by 20 percent. Though other studies have seemingly minimized the links between eating too much red meat and a myriad of health issues, the authors of the Archives paper suggest that the increased risk from red meat may come from the saturated fat, cholesterol, and iron it delivers. An abundance of saturated fat, for example, can raise your cholesterol, which in turn increases your risk of heart disease and stroke, while too much iron can damage the liver and heart and lead to other diseases, such as diabetes and arthritis. Negative Health Effects of Eating Too Much Red Meat Could Be Due to Something Else While many studies connect the negative health effects of high red meat consumption to red meat specifically, there is another side of the coin. That's because nutrition research is generally limited to finding correlation and not necessarily causation. So, it's hard to say that these health issues are solely caused by eating too much meat. In fact, there could be something else going on with these diets. One theory is that those who eat more red meat also eat fewer antioxidant-rich vegetables. A recent Journal of the American Osteopathic Association review that took a close look at 1.5 million people's diets found a link between increased red meat consumption and early death. Instead of placing the blame on red meat alone, the authors of the study speculate that the increased risk of all-cause mortality is due to the fact that people who eat a lot of red meat also tend to eat fewer plant-based foods, so they consume fewer of their protective antioxidants and nutrients. The takeaway? Eating too much red meat might be an issue because you're letting protein-rich, satiating meat crowd fruits and veggies off your plate. How You Cook Red Meat Matters Furthermore, potentially cancer-causing compounds generated when cooking red meat at high temperatures—known as nitrosamines—could also be part of what makes too much of this particular food harmful to your health. Research presented by the American Heart Association found that in a long-term study of nearly 104,000 men and women, none of whom had high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or cancer when they enrolled, 37,123 people developed high blood pressure during an average follow-up of 12-16 years. Among participants who reported eating at least two servings of red meat, chicken or fish a week, the analysis revealed that the risk of developing high blood pressure was 17 percent higher in those who grilled, broiled, or roasted beef, chicken or and fish more than 15 times per month, compared with less than four times a month, and 15 percent higher in those who prefer their food well done, compared with those who prefer rarer meats. So How Much Red Meat Should You Eat? So what's a red meat lover to do? You can always talk to your doctor to find what works for your diet and lifestyle. Generally, experts recommend limiting your red meat consumption to about two three-ounce servings a week. And when you do eat red meat, such as ground beef, a T-bone steak, or prime rib, make sure to use grass-fed beef. Why? Because it is lower in unhealthy fats than other forms of beef and actually contains more heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids than some fish. Speaking of things that are healthy, check out this list of the 25 Best Carbs That Will Uncover Your Abs!
the region, especially the royal courts, synthesised Indian and Malaysia is a federal constitutional elective monarchy; the only federal country in Southeast Asia. attacked parts of the peninsula and Sumatra. Adityawarman later conquered Tanah Datar to take control of the gold trade and founded a kingdom in Pagar Ruyung. Ayutthaya (Ayudhia) kingdom also claimed suzerainty in the region. The most important of these states, Langkasuka, controlled Between the 7th and 13th centuries many of these small, often Srivijaya appears to have been flourishing around the time of Yijing's visit, which he initially called "Bogha" during his first visit. At various times [23][24] However, in less than two years upon the founding of the federation, Singapore was expelled as a consequence of the 1964 race riots. [28] Queen Elizabeth II paid state visits to Malaysia in October 1989 and September 1998. According to this theory, it was founded by ethnic groups in the Batanghari river area and gold traders from the Minangkabau hinterland. shaped their political and cultural patterns. the Cambodian Angkor and Javanese Majapahit empires and the Tai [25][26], The modern relations between the two countries was conditioned and shaped by British colonial rule in the country from the 19th century until its independence. The system of government is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, a legacy of British rule. Embassies were sent to China in 1299 and 1301. [32], Malaysia is the UK's second-largest trading partner in ASEAN. prosperous peninsular maritime trading states came under the loose [30] On 2 November 2017, Prince Charles and his wife Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall, made an official visit to Malaysia to commemorate the 60th anniversary of bilateral relations between the two countries. [11][12][13][14][15] Then, the term "Maleu-Kolon" was used in Geographia by Ptolemy which is believed to have originated from the Sanskrit term malayakolam or malaikurram, referring to a geographical part of Malay Peninsula.[16]. While scholars still debate Initially, it came from traders from India, particularly The peninsula lacked broad, extensive, fertile plains and were unable The East Javanese Anjukladang inscription dated from 937 CE Medang Kingdom stated the Sima status is awarded to Anjukladang village and a jayastambha (victory monument), which later upgraded as a temple, was erected in recognition of their service on repelling the invading forces from Malayu. Malaysia–United Kingdom relations (Malay: Hubungan Malaysia–United Kingdom; Jawi: هوبوڠن مليسيا–اونيتد كيڠدوم) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and the United Kingdom. over the precise location of the famed Langkasuka, archaeological The head of state is the King, whose official title is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. A.D. by its conqueror and successor, the Hindu Empire of Majapahit in [41][42][43], The United Kingdom maintains relations with Malaysia's Ministry of Defence and the Malaysian Armed Forces. Kedah: The birthplace of Malay civilisation, Write to the author: The other four states, which have titular Governors, do not participate in the selection. The last prince of Srivijayan origin, Parameswara, fled to Temasik to seek refuge before moving farther north, where he founded what would become the Malacca Sultanate. In 1275, Kritanagara, of the Singhasari Kingdom, took advantage of Srivijaya's decline and sent a military expedition to establish Javanese control of Melayu. English traders had been present in Malay waters since the 17th century. Memorial for 641 British servicemen who died on the Sandakan Death Marches and at Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia from 1943 to 1945. [17] The mentioning of invading Malayu forces refer to the old name of Sumatran Malayu Kingdom, which probably refer to Srivijaya instead. of political influence and expansion. [6] The name was later possibly adopted by the Melayu Kingdom, as it is common for people in the region to be known by the name of the river on which they settled. Indian trade. [7], Another theory hold that it originates from the Tamil words Malai and ur meaning "mountain" and "city, land", respectively. Malaysia has a high commission in London,[1] and the United Kingdom has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. [37][38][39], In 1996, the two countries signed a double taxation agreement. First, there was the great Malay In Travels of Marco Polo, he made a reference to a kingdom named "Malauir" in the Malay peninsula. Malaysia has a high commission in London, and the United Kingdom has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. [40], The British Council has provide English language mentoring to thousands of local primary school teachers in East Malaysia under the English Language Teacher Development Project (ELTDP) with the Malaysian government. Moreover, people of the kingdom wear a type of long cloth and used fragrant oil.[2]. In the year 1377, the Majapahit defeated Palembang and ended efforts to revive Srivijaya. The Dutch evacuated Malacca and renounced all interest in Malaya, while the British recognised Dutch rule over the rest of the East Indies. time in the beginning of the elevent century A.D., when Rajendra Chola One theory is that the kingdom was established around present-day Jambi on Sumatra, Indonesia, approximately 300 … The political system of Malaysia is based on the Westminster parliamentary system in combination with features of a federation. Java. [7] Before the mid 19th century, British interests in the region were predominantly economic, with little interest in territorial control. Almost a century after taking over Palembang's role as the centre of an empire, Jambi and Srivijaya experienced decline in influence. indigenous ideas - including Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism - that Happy Is The Day When A Soldier Gets His Pay, Alexandra Hedison And Ellen, Private Savings Formula, Fate Is The Hunter Book, Amplifier Repair Manual, My Chemical Romance - The Ghost Of You, Coulomb Per Second, Effective Communication Coaching, Happy Labor Day, 1000 Cove Way, Beverly Hills, Pingendo Crack, Wish You Were Here Trailer, The Oak Tavern Happy Hour, What Is Meant By Asean Way, Input Current Formula, Entergy Arkansas Bill Pay, Kitsune Yokai, When Did Kayaking Became An Olympic Sport, Tier 2 Interventions Examples, Sushi Sakai Spokane Menu, Mtss Pyramid Percentages, Jeremih Albums, Happy International Men's Day 2019, Real Estate Utility Form, Jackson Emc Complaints, Project Nim Ending, Uoa Dates, Html Website Builder, Custom Run Dmc Shirt, Richest Golfers In The World 2020, Thaal Redmond, Canadian Quetico Outfitters Atikokan, Proof The Play Summary, Credo Znaczenie, Phillip Island Track Days 2020, The Pbis Tier One Handbook A Practical Approach To Implementing The Champion Model, Usa Flag Coloring Page, Gershon Meaning Bible, Southern California Edison Live Person, Pack Up Your Troubles (1932), Uzeyir Mehdizade Country, Mah Jongg Made Easy 2020, Valencia Weather, Bombay Cat Breeders New York, Gary West Coupon, Boats Group Wiki, Karnataka Graduate Constituency, Minority Report Dash,
New meaning to the silvering 60s The consequences of old age can be minimized by preventing the feelings of isolation and marginalization by making seniors independent and fruitful members of society The rapidly changing dynamics of the population profile—with the increasing addition of elders—those in the 60+ age bracket over kids under five—has brought about the urgent need to seek the active participation of these presently mentally and physically stable senior men and women into the mainstream of the society rather than live a life devoid of constructive activities that can make them victims for age-related debilitating ailments. Their consequences can be minimized by preventing the feelings of isolation and marginalization by making them independent and fruitful members of society, by changing social attitudes to keep themselves mentally alert to keep potential serious neurological disorders at bay. It is essential for those after 60 to keep both mentally and physically agile rather than succumb to these and other lifestyle illnesses that are all a result of major global trends of migration, urban and international drift with aging parents lonely at homes mostly in small towns and villages. According to a recent study published by the reputed British Medical Journal, The Lancet, physical inactivity or peoples’ failure to spend at least 150 minutes a week doing moderate exercise such as brisk walking for 30 minutes five days a week is responsible for 5.3 million of the 57 million deaths globally. This causes about 6% to 10% of major non-communicable diseases including coronary heart diseases and Type 2 diabetes. Another team from Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School estimated the global impact of physical inactivity by calculating population attributable factors—or how much of the diseases could theoretically be prevented if people were sufficiently active both mentally and physically if inactivity decreased by 10%-25%m translates into 533,000 and 1.3 million deaths potentially averted worldwide. Life expectancy could rise by 0.68 years if physically eliminated. After 60 or post-retirement activities both mental and physical can go a long way in the retirees’ maintaining their own mental equilibrium by contributing to the well being of the society at large by their contributing their valuable long hands-on experiences during their earlier working life in the society, business, profession and industry that they had for long been associated with. This enables them to effectively contribute to the society at large by making available their vital intellectual inputs and expertise in dealing with in civil society issues relating to health, education, environment, culture, sports, welfare, finance, taxation and civic causes. Some of these activities no doubt are matters that fall in the domain or functions of the state and/or local administration. Presently it is noticed that both the private sector as well as public sector, governmental arms like the central and state governments, local bodies, etc need to be forced or goaded into acting to even carry out their essentially basic mandated duties. They simply do not move papers until and unless they are virtually pushed into the act. Of course money also does spur action, but not always. It is not every issue that can be resolved by graft. Just getting a garbage bin outside on a pavement cleared requires complaining to the people down the line to do it or failure to do to it have the matter taken up at the next higher level. Lodging a routine complaint is only a matter of procedure; the job of getting it done requires an element of cajoling or when it comes to the worse, tough arm-twisting. This can only be done by someone talking more assertively which can only be brought about effectively by someone more elderly speaking authoritatively—the message from an elder to be conveyed has to be straight and simple do it or face the consequences! The elders with their storehouse of knowledge and experience can make vital contributions as productive members of the family to volunteer for common causes declaring pay off of longevity dividends. It is noticed that more respect is invariably accorded to the silver hair of the person speaking. Knowing the issue as a senior journalist, doctor, engineer or lawyer who can quote the Bible to the devil does work wonders. And this comes only from ages of earlier experience and human interaction. As against any younger member, the elders are often offered a seat first, attended to on priority and addressed as Grandpa or Uncle with a solicitous remark that they need not have taken the trouble to make visit in person! These days one of the most intellectually stimulating mental activities is writing by contributing to columns in publications of repute. This requires the writer to undertake deep study of the subject both on and offline and keeps the brain busy ticking to being constantly updated on the subject before putting the matter in print. Writing is an extremely low-cost challenging and stimulating exercise. It can take place in the confines of one’s home, without having to move out. It just involves accessing facts and figures online and putting flesh on to the skeleton to bring out a well authored output that can initiate mind-blogging debates from readers far and wide. Writing can be financially rewarding too—publications these days do remunerate columnists handsomely. Many elders do have inherent and latent talents to write but are unable to find suitable outlets to give expression to their thoughts—this can be resolved by turning to enlightening arm-chair writing Quite a few Moneylife contributories are former veterans, CEOs and professionals of standing, since retired, but now activated to writing in depth on the subjects dear to their hearts and interests. Writing need not necessarily be on professional issues; one can even write, among others on matters of common interests like hobbies, spirituality, food, nature and health, like benefits of walking! Being basic computer literate can go a long way for the elders in helping their writing forays. It no longer requires putting down the matter in long hand and then having to transcribe it on a typewriter to manually post the hardcopy. All that one does is to punch a few keys to put it down in the Word format—edit, add, delete and amend the matter at will and mail it across. And hey presto you’ve conveyed your thoughts miles across! More and more senior citizens have become computer savy and learnt to keep in touch on Skype not only with their offsprings, grand children and siblings, but even distant relations staying in the other end of the world at any hour of the day. I’ve a 75+ aunt at Bengaluru who picked up computer from her grand daughter and now merrily trades online making quite a bomb in the bargain! This helps get her over loneliness by keeping in touch just punching the keys sitting at home all the time! A happy retirement with activities like writing can make for a lot of difference to prevent isolation and loneliness! Free Helpline Legal Credit
%0 Journal Article %J Journal of neural engineering %D 2008 %T Emulation of computer mouse control with a noninvasive brain-computer interface. %A Dennis J. McFarland %A Krusienski, Dean J. %A Sarnacki, William A. %A Jonathan Wolpaw %K User-Computer Interface %X Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology can provide nonmuscular communication and control to people who are severely paralyzed. BCIs can use noninvasive or invasive techniques for recording the brain signals that convey the user's commands. Although noninvasive BCIs are used for simple applications, it has frequently been assumed that only invasive BCIs, which use electrodes implanted in the brain, will be able to provide multidimensional sequential control of a robotic arm or a neuroprosthesis. The present study shows that a noninvasive BCI using scalp-recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and an adaptive algorithm can provide people, including people with spinal cord injuries, with two-dimensional cursor movement and target selection. Multiple targets were presented around the periphery of a computer screen, with one designated as the correct target. The user's task was to use EEG to move a cursor from the center of the screen to the correct target and then to use an additional EEG feature to select the target. If the cursor reached an incorrect target, the user was instructed not to select it. Thus, this task emulated the key features of mouse operation. The results indicate that people with severe motor disabilities could use brain signals for sequential multidimensional movement and selection. %B Journal of neural engineering %V 5 %P 101–110 %8 06/2008 %G eng %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18367779 %R 10.1088/1741-2560/5/2/001
Weird History The Greatest Warrior Queens In History Despite millennia of male oppression, women have always managed to emerge in leadership roles, from queens who ruled without a king to women who made their way into military positions. In fact, some of the raddest warriors in history have been women – who sometimes had to disguise themselves as men to fight – and you should definitely know their names. These military queens hail from every age and from every corner of the world. Meet valiant leaders like the Trung Sisters, who fought to defend ancient Vietnam from the invading Chinese, or Zenobia of Palmyra, who opposed invading Roman forces and tried to carve out her own sphere of influence in her homeland of Syria. And then there's Grace O'Malley, yet another of those great queens who fought in battle, who was a female Irish pirate leader, rivaling her contemporary Elizabeth I for power. And whether or not these queens who fought in battle were always successful in their military endeavors, these women wielded power incredibly well in their own right. • Boudicca Was A Blood-Thirsty British Rebel Photo: John Opie / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain The Romans began to really make some headway into Britain in the 1st century CE, but not every Brit was having it. One such Brit was Boudicca, who ruled the Iceni (located in modern eastern England). Ruling her tribe after her husband died (and left his private property to the Romans in an attempt to gain Roman approval) around 60 CE, Boudicca saw her territory taken over, her daughters raped, and her kingdom taken. Boudicca rose in rebellion against the Roman invaders, rallying thousands behind her banner. In the process, she burned down the Roman settlements of Camulodunum, Verulamium, and Londonium (modern London), allegedly slaughtering 70,000 people in the process. Eventually, the British governor Paulinus repressed the rebels at the Battle of Watling Street in 61 CE, and Boudicca reportedly committed suicide by poison. • Rani Lakshmibai Valiantly Fought British Colonialism In India Photo: Metaweb (FB) / Public domain This 19th-century Indian Queen is a fascinating figure. Raised to fight and ride, Lakshmi was married to the ruler of Jhansi in northern India but was widowed at quite a young age. Childless, she and her hubby had adopted a young boy as their heir, but their British overlords used this opportunity to formally annex Jhansi. However, the Queen wasn't taking this lying down; at age 22, in 1858, she rose up against the Brits. For over a year, war raged between the British invaders and the Queen Regent of Jhansi. The British forces battered down her men; in the Spring of 1858, they besieged her home, and she barely managed to escape. Later, Lakshmi managed to recapture the fortress of Gwalior, then marched to confront the British army, a conflict in which she was killed. • Grace O'Malley Was Elizabeth I's Pirate Queen Alter Ego Photo: Alberia torkenkluvin / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain This pirate queen was a true Renaissance woman – that is, a woman of the 16th century. Born into a sea-faring family, Grace O'Malley was basically born to sail, and she got a ton of booty from both of her husbands that helped fuel a career on the ocean. Grace made her name by raiding the west coasts of Scotland and her native Ireland, as well as defending her own riches. She was also politically active, resistant to encroaching English rule over Ireland. Legend has it that Grace was so tough that she gave birth on a boat, then fought to protect that vessel against fellow pirates the very next day. One verifiable truth, however, is that the "Queen of the West" had a meeting with England's Queen Elizabeth I to get support against her enemies. Legend also has it that she also made a series of demands to the Queen that the monarch obliged. • Amanitore Was The Amazing Lady Who Took On The Romans The ancient realm of Meroe in Nubia (modern Sudan) had some pretty amazing queens (better known as kandakes) 2,000 years ago. Among the most famous of them was a fabulous woman named Amanitore, who ruled alongside her son (or husband) in the 1st century BCE. The Romans invaded around that time, and the geographer Strabo recorded how a one-eyed Nubian queen, whom he called "Candace," fought fiercely. Chronologically, this might well have been Amanitore. This Queen marched with thousands on the Roman forces, who fortified their stronghold in defense. The Romans ultimately triumphed, but not before a head of a statue of Augustus was captured. Amanirenas and Augustus agreed on a peace treaty a few years later, which contained terms really favorable to Meroe, in 21 or 20 BCE. They even included the caveat that Amanirenas didn't have to pay tribute to the Roman emperor – pretty remarkable for a Roman treaty!
Home > News Application of ultraviolet (UV) system in swimming pool industry 2019-9-27 5,832 For a long time, chlorine or ozone treatment has been the most commonly used method for water treatment in swimming pools, but UV water treatment systems are becoming more and more popular, on the one hand because the UV water treatment systems are compact in structure and occupy a small area without civil construction. On the other hand, it is because they significantly reduce the consumption of chlorine and save more costs for operators. For secondary ultraviolet disinfection systems for swimming pools and hot springs, chlorine and ozone are still the main forms of disinfection used in swimming pools and spas. However, the use of ultraviolet radiation and other technologies to supplement chemical disinfection is becoming more and more popular. Depending on the selected system, these disinfection methods can provide the following benefits: 1. Reduce the level of fungicides 2. Reduce bacterial levels and inhibit chlorine-resistant microorganisms 3. Chloramine oxidation (chlorine by-product) 4. Flocculation 5. Avoid the health and safety issues involved in handling hazardous chemicals Ultraviolet UV water treatment systems are divided into two categories: low pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP). LP and MP refer to the internal pressure of the gas in the lamp rather than the water pressure of the system, and each has different uses and benefits. LP Low Pressure UV Water Treatment System The UV treatment system uses a cylindrical stainless steel cylinder with a UV lamp protected by a quartz sleeve. Using a low-pressure UV water treatment system, the core goal is disinfection. The LP lamp emits ultraviolet light with a specific wavelength (254nm), which is very effective for inactivating bacteria. The “dose” of UV light is measured in mj/cm2, and the critical minimum dose maintained is 40mj/cm2. This dose is equal to drinking water standards and will reduce the bacterial level of the most common bacteria found in swimming pools by 99.99%. MP Medium Pressure UV Water Treatment System The MP lamp emits ultraviolet light in a wider wavelength range. Compared with the LP low-pressure system, it has a higher dose and band, which leads to the oxidation and disinfection of chloramines in the water. When water passes through the UV system, part of the UV spectrum decomposes chloramines through the process of photochemical reactions. Shorter UV wavelengths will cause water to produce hydroxyl radicals, which are strong oxidants that can attack chloramines in water and decompose them. Ultraviolet radiation can also be used as a highly effective natural disinfectant to inactivate microorganisms by destroying DNA. Ultraviolet rays can only treat water as it passes through the lamp, so there must still be a residual amount of biocide (such as chlorine) to provide continuous protection in the rest of the system. However, the amount of chlorine used is reduced by about 50-80% relative to the normal level of the pool, which means that the disinfectant level can be reduced to 0.5 ppm. This means that the UV treatment tank uses less chemicals and therefore requires less backwashing, which helps reduce overall costs. The Swimming Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) updated their guidelines in 2018 to incorporate MP UV systems into all commercial applications. The guidelines now stipulate that when the UV transmittance (the amount of UV light that can pass through the water) is 94%, MP UV with a dose of 60mj/cm2 should be used to treat all water streams. Proper use of UV treatment equipment can produce a cleaner and more comfortable water environment than using chlorine alone, and the air in the swimming pool or enclosure will be better without unpleasant chloramine odor or eye irritation. About us About us
The beginning of Ramadan 2022 The Holy Month For Muslims Ramadan fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam where observant Muslims refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk and traditionally gather to break their fast with a date or khajur at iftar in the evening. Ramadan, also spelled Ramazan or Ramzan or Ramzaan, is the month when Muslims believe that God revealed the first verses of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad. Islam follows the lunar or Hijri calendar which is based on the phases of the moon cycle and has 354 days unlike the solar or Georgian calendar that the rest of the world follows. Hence, Ramadan is 10 or 11 days earlier every year and in 2022, it may begin from April 2 if the crescent moon is sighted on the evening of April 1 that is the 29th day of Sha’ban 1443 Hijri. Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, self-improvement, and heightened devotion and worship. Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam. The fast (sawm) begins at dawn and ends at sunset. In addition to abstaining from eating and drinking during this time, Muslims refrain from sexual relations and sinful speech and behaviour during Ramadan fasting or month. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities, its purpose being to cleanse the soul by freeing it from harmful impurities. Muslims believe that Ramadan teaches them to practice self-discipline, self-control, sacrifice, and empathy for those who are less fortunate, thus encouraging actions of generosity and compulsory charity (zakat). Muslims also believe fasting helps instill compassion for the food-insecure poor. Exceptions to fasting include travel, menstruation, severe illness, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. At sunset, families break the fast with the iftar, traditionally opening the meal by eating dates to commemorate Muhammad's practice of breaking the fast with three dates. They then prepare for Maghrib, the fourth of the five required daily prayers, after which the main meal is served. Bronx NY Wasila Ibrahim This item is shared by Wasila M Ibrahim with the Community and the World. Created on 2022-04-01 at 22:50 and last updated on 2022-04-10 at 22:01.
In order to achieve top-quality, you should be ready to gather and effectively organize sufficient manufacturing data. That is where an SPC (statistical process control) software excels. Visual SPC is a type of SPC software, and it is a suite of data collection tools. What is Statistical Process Control Software? The SPC software is a tool that collects real-time performance and quality data for the purpose of statistical analysis. Manufacturers use this tool to identify the quality of the products so they can know where to make adjustments. They also use it to check process variations to make corrections before bigger problems occur. The essence of this tool is to improve the process performance. But the tool does not only monitor data for quality control. It also checks the performance of machines and various manufacturing tools in the industry. Furthermore, when the performance of a machine falls or there is a drop in the quality of products, the staff on duty will receive a notification. This allows industry workers and manufacturers to increase the bottom line, reduce rework, and improve efficiency. Also, the software transforms the data into graphs that are user-friendly. This easy-to-read form allows everyone to observe when there are variations in data and how far they’ve moved away from the expected values. The Visual SPC software contains a lot of tools that you can use to achieve different manufacturing goals. The tools in the suite are: 1. Shop floor 2. Measurement system analysis 3. Attributes 4. Importer 5. Monitor 6. Analyst 7. Wizard 8. Designer Advantages of Using Statistical Process Control Software The advantages of using a statistical process control tool are discussed below. 1. Reduction in Warranty Claims, Scrap, and Rework One key benefit of using this tool is uniformity. Do you sometimes wonder how companies that manufacture drinks achieve uniformity in the taste of their products? This is despite the thousands or millions of bottles they manufacture every day. An SPC tool ensures that the products are uniform, whether one or thousands of units are produced per day. As a result, the design specifications are precise, there is an assurance of product quality, and the number of times you will rework the product reduces. 2. Increased Efficiency in Operation The tool provides control charts that display the statistics you can use to monitor the quality of manufactured products in a graph format. This graph detects as well as displays any unusual variation in the manufacturing process, which helps manufacturers to test for various causes. You may want to watch this video to learn how to interpret SPC graphs. The statistics are real-time analytical information that manufacturers can use to set benchmarks for production and establish strong control over the benchmarks. They can also use it to improve the production process and spot imperfections or flaws and correct them. They do not need to rely on assumptions, guesswork, or opinions. 3. Increase in Productivity Without an SPC tool, it may be difficult to identify problems or defects in the manufacturing process. You will only discover the problem after the process is complete, like parts with defects. As a result, you will shut down the entire production cycle to trace the source of the fault. Also, pinpointing and fixing the fault may take more hours which you would have used to produce more items. But with SPC, any fault along the production line will be captured immediately. And you only need to shut down a small section of the line. Consequently, you can divert the workflow from the problem area to a backup assembly line. This way, you will never shut down completely or experience downtime. Hence, a constant production flow is maintained. Even when an aspect of the manufacturing line is being repaired or maintained, you can achieve the same number of units per hour or per day. And as soon as the repair is complete, you can take out the backup line and resume normal operations. 4. Reduction in Manual Inspections When errors are detected after a production cycle, it results in waste. But with SPC tools, you can detect and correct errors while the production is ongoing. You can also adjust the settings of your equipment and produce goods faster, without requesting manual inspections. The food and beverage/ FMCG industries benefit from this more because they usually have a supply chain that is tightly woven. They must also prove that their goods meet the recommended quality standards. When businesses in the industry move from manual inspections to the use of SPC, they will collect as well as analyze the necessary data in real-time. This will improve their overall operational efficiency. You may want to check out to see more advantages. Final Thoughts Manufacturing products are becoming easier by the day and with SPC tools, you can achieve precision. This will not only keep your customers satisfied but will also increase sales
July 2022 Produce Parable Avocados: An Edible Anachronism Adam Calder, Wheatsfield Produce Manager Avocados are one of the most popular fruits sold at Wheatsfield, and rightly so. They are delicious, versatile, and full of healthy vitamins, minerals, oils and fiber. If you start to look past their culinary qualities, the avocado reveals itself to be a plant out of place in time. Many plants and animals evolved together over the eons. These arrangements are usually beneficial. The plant gets pollinated or has its seed spread by a particular creature, and that animal gets food in return. Humans have been eating avocados for over ten thousand years, and cultivating them for about the past five thousand. But the avocado evolved in Central America long before humans came along to eat and grow it, so it raises the question: who or what shaped the evolution of the avocado before humans? The answer to that question lies thousands of years in the past, with a now-extinct group of mega-fauna such as giant ground sloths and an elephant-like animal called a gomphothere. These animals were much larger than their present day counterparts, and they would consume avocados whole. After a couple of bites, enough to open the skin of the avocado but not enough to crack open the large and slightly toxic pit, these animals would swallow their tasty meal. The flesh and skin of the avocado would get digested, and the pit would be deposited in the animal’s droppings. The avocado pit, freed from its skin and now nestled in a bed of fresh fertilizer, would sprout a tree and the cycle would begin anew. No other animals in Central America were big enough to eat an avocado whole and pass the pit without severe gastrointestinal pain, or without dying from the obstruction. When nature selected giant sloths and gomphotheres for extinction, the avocado should have followed. When the characteristics and qualities of a living species were created through favorable selection in the past because of coevolution with a now extinct species, scientists call this an evolutionary anachronism. There are many evolutionary anachronisms still around to this day, such as papaya, persimmon, mango, hawthorn, pawpaw, cherimoya, and ginkgo trees to name a few. All of these plants have a quality or trait that calls out to creatures that are no longer around to hear the call. Humans, ever adaptive and hungry, heard those cries and picked up where these extinct animals left off. So the next time you are sinking your teeth into a creamy smooth bite of avocado, think about the giant sloth the size of a semi-truck making a snack out of a tree’s worth of avocados in a few gulps. Imagine that animal lumbering away on some ancient journey, eventually depositing those avocado seeds in a place far from the tree they grew on. Wonder how many cycles of animal and plant it took to reach out through time to the present day. Marvel in the depths of this line, and enjoy the fruits of this long and improbable journey.
Celebrating Chile’s rivers E-mail Print Photo: Salomé CandelaPhoto: Salomé Candela By Paulo Urrutia, Patrick Lynch and Jens Benöhr, members of the Chilean Free-Flowing Rivers Network Throughout Earth’s history, rivers have been essential for the survival of both humans and other species. Around these rivers, some of the oldest civilizations rose and fell. Rivers have represented life, death, obstacles, borders, transportation routes and even gods. Their very existence made them subjects of veneration and respect. Around the planet, there are places where rivers abound due to their geographic characteristics. Chile is one of those privileged places where water descends impulsively from the heights. Throughout our narrow geography, hundreds of streams and rivers flow from the mountains to the sea, nurturing forests, fields and cities. Some of these rivers even cross man-made borders, especially in Patagonia, where the Manso, Baker and Futaleufu rivers flow right through the Andes, regardless of our imaginary borders on the map. However, currently almost all the rivers in Chile’s central region have at least one hydroelectric plant interrupting their flow, while those in the southern region and Patagonia are threatened with several hydroelectric generation projects. It is regrettable, but some rivers are already known as "sacrifice watersheds," destined to be heavily-intervened for the development of the country. The historic Biobío River is one example of these highly intervened watersheds. This ancient river was a place of pilgrimage for rafting and kayak legends, with monstrous rapids that made the most daring tremble. Environmental lawyer and activist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has called the Biobío "the jewel of Chile," equal to the Colorado River in the United States. But today the river’s most impressive rapids, along with forests, cemeteries and the traditions of the Pehuenche people, are submerged beneath millions of liters of water from three gigantic reservoirs. Faced with such threats to the communities and ecosystems that depend on these rivers, several festivals have arisen in recent years to raise awareness about the importance of rivers, celebrating the freedom with which they flow and the life they provide us. It is the first circuit of river festivals in Latin America, organized by local river lovers with support from people all over the world. Photo: Salomé CandelaPhoto: Salomé Candela Celebrating free-flowing rivers The origins of many of these festivals started with kayakers. One of those kayakers who represents an inspiring example of commitment and political action was Jon Clark. Born in the United States, this river nomad left behind a lasting legacy in the village of San Fabián de Alico and the community of river lovers in Chile. Motivated by the beauty of the Ñuble River, Jon began to show the river to local people through whitewater sports like kayaking and rafting. He taught local youth to value and care for nature, as well as floating and navigating the river as a potential tourist attraction and a way to connect more people to rivers. When “Juanito,” as he was warmly called by his friends, first learned of plans to build two large hydroelectric plants on the Ñuble River- the Punilla reservoir and the Hidroñuble hydroelectric power plant- he didn’t hesitate to mobilize the community of San Fabián de Alico to defend the river. In 2005, friends joined with Jon to create the first festival along the banks of a Chilean river, the Festival de Aguas Libres, now called Ñublefest. Later, several communities located in threatened watersheds around the country followed their example and began organizing their own river festivals. Today, these festivals are important on-the-ground meetings for uniting and connecting people who participate in local, national and international campaigns for defending rivers. As Alejandro Campos, a kayaker born in Concepción and dedicated to teaching whitewater rafting and kayaking, says: "The idea is to peacefully demonstrate against projects by companies that want to destroy our natural resources in exchange for filling their pockets." Photo: Bestias del Sur SalvajePhoto: Bestias del Sur Salvaje Promoting the defense of rivers The main goal of these festivals is to encourage the protection and defense of rivers, promote local tourism and invite people to join the world of whitewater sports. Alejandro is emphatic about this point: "We have to protect what we have. Water is life. It is everyone's and we want the whole community to understand and unite in enjoying and manifesting not only for us, but for those who will come later, our children and the children of our children." Many of these festivals include live music, environmental education talks, local food and craft stalls, in addition to the classic kayaking and rafting competitions. A key feature of the festivals is that visitors are offered the opportunity to descend the river on rafts to experience the strength and beauty of free-flowing rivers from within. It is important to understand that each festival has been created as a citizen response to the immediate environmental threats to the local watershed. These destructive projects threaten river-dependent ecosystems and the right of local communities to use and enjoy these rivers, whether it be for fishing, adventure sports, tourism, or the traditions associated with these watersheds. For all these reasons and more, environmental organizations and social movements recently forming the Free-Flowing Rivers Network, with the goal of exchanging experiences and proposing laws and policies that protect all of the nation’s rivers. Respecting our ancestors The spiritual importance of rivers is one of the strongest grounds for protection in Chile. One of the most important rivers in the country is the Biobío. The significance of this river for the Mapuche people is reflected in their worldview, where there is both an earthly river and a spiritual one, necessarily corresponding to have balance between the two dimensions. Within this vision, the great Biobío (or Butaleubú as it was known) represented this great terrestrial river for many years. Its hundreds of tributaries extended throughout the territory, around which countless families formed their lineages. In this way, the Earth’s great river also had its equivalent in the great river of the sky, Wenuleufú, known to us as the Milky Way. In this spiritual plane, and in this "galactic river," is where the ancestors who once populated the planet now live. This account gives us a glimpse of the cultural importance rivers have under the Mapuche worldview, for whom rivers are sacred. Photo: Salomé CandelaPhoto: Salomé Candela Chile’s message to the world Often, in order to win the policy discussion there is a need to justify through economic figures the benefits of protecting nature; why one river or another should not be dammed. Within this statistical vortex, we want to remind people that we can also defend things because of a simple fact: because we love them. This year, we declare ourselves deeply in love with the freedom of rivers. And above all, we aspire to live in a society that acts with respect and ethics, and where development does not mean benefiting some to the detriment of many more. We hope that sharing this information will let the world know about the lack of policies in Chile and other countries that still have the opportunity to protect their free-flowing and living rivers. We also believe that visitors from other countries, who come each year to join us in celebrating the importance of our rivers, will also have the desire to support local movements. As Jon-Luke Gensaw, a Native American member of the Yurok tribe and participant in an exchange program run by the nonprofit Ríos to Rivers, recently spoke along the Klamath River – future site of the largest dam removal in history - "If we all have the same fight and we all have the same message, then they can’t turn us down." Below this article, we share a calendar announcing the different river festivals and their locations in watersheds around the country. We invite you to participate in these festivals and acknowledge the future path of the movements and people fighting for the defense of these rivers. Essential for life, rivers deserve to be celebrated. Long live the free rivers of the world!
Unpleasant surprise — A dog potentially exposed more than 100 people to black plague in Colorado The unusual case of the deadly disease prompts a warning from experts. The dog is thought to have caught the plague from a dead prairie dog. Enlarge / The dog is thought to have caught the plague from a dead prairie dog. At least 116 people and 46 animals in Colorado were potentially exposed to the black plague after veterinarians struggled to diagnose a critically ill dog back in 2017. The unusual case prompted health experts to issue an equally unusual—and perhaps startling—warning. That is, that dogs in the US may contract the deadly bacterial infection at any time of the year, and the signs may be hard to spot. “[P]neumonic plague, although rare, should be considered in dogs that have fever and respiratory signs with potential exposure in disease-endemic areas, regardless of season and lobar [lung] distribution,” the Colorado health experts concluded. They published details of the case and their warning this week in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases. The plague is endemic to areas in the Western United States, meaning it circulates continually. Though it’s best known for causing the catastrophic Black Death pandemic in Europe during the fourteenth century, it arrived in the States around 1900 on rat-infested steam ships. Since then it has spread to, and quietly lurked in, rural rodent populations, including rock squirrels, wood rats, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, chipmunks, mice, voles, and rabbits. Infected populations tend to pop up in parts of Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Nevada, and New Mexico. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in recent decades there has been an average of seven human cases documented each year, with a range of one to 17 cases. The bacterium behind the deadly disease is Yersinia pestis, which is spread by flea bites and contact with infectious people and animals. Once it finds its way into a victim, the infection can manifest in several ways. The main three ways are bubonic (infection typically starting from the skin after a flea bite and spreading to the lymphatic system, causing swollen lymph nodes, called buboes), septicemic (blood infection), and pneumonic (infection in the lungs, which can spread from person to person via airborne droplets). In dogs, plague is rare but usually presents as bubonic or septicemic, stemming from a bite from an infected flea. And, as the authors of the report note, plague cases in the US tend to crop up when fleas are most active, typically between April and October. But, this is not always the case, as the tale of the poor pup in Colorado shows. Peculiar plague In December of 2017, a three-year-old, mixed-breed dog turned up at a vet’s office with lethargy and fever. Four days earlier, the dog’s human noted that the dog had been sniffing around a dead prairie dog. The vet started an antibiotic treatment, but the dog’s condition rapidly grew worse. By the next day, the dog started coughing up blood, and the vet referred the case to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Despite the contact with the dead prairie dog, the vets there didn’t suspect plague at first because, well, it’s rare, and it was December. Moreover, clinical images of the dog’s sick lungs didn’t fit the usual pattern of a plague infection, which usually affects both lungs. Instead, only one part of a lung was affected, and it looked more like the dog had inhaled a foreign body, a more common doggy problem. To get rid of the presumed source of infection, the vets performed a lung lobectomy, removing the heavily damaged part of the dog’s lung. With the removed lung tissue, the vets tried for several days to grow any possible bacteria that was causing the infection. But, that yielded confusing results, pointing to a bacterium related to Y. pestis that wouldn’t cause the symptoms seen in the dog. They next turned to PCR (polymerase chain reaction), a method of picking out and making copies of specific DNA segments, which can help identify organisms. But at that point, the dog’s condition had continued to worsen, and the vets had to put the dog down. Following the CDC’s PCR protocol to look for Y. pestis, the vets found the deadly bacteria. Realizing they had plague on their hands, the vets retraced the dog’s days-long stay in the hospital to assess exposures. Based on staff surveys and the dog’s locations, they concluded that at least 116 personnel and 46 co-housed animals were potentially exposed. At-risk humans talked with their doctors to see if they should take antibiotics as a precaution. All the co-housed animals got prophylactic antibiotics. As far as the vets could tell, no one got sick with the plague from their exposures. Still, they report that the hospital is updating its protocols to better identify plague and keep it from spreading to personnel and patients. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2018. DOI: 10.3201/eid2504.181195 (About DOIs). You must to comment. Channel Ars Technica
What are the humanities? The festival defines the humanities broadly to encompass the subject areas traditionally associated with the study of the human world. This includes, for example, art history, archaeology, architecture, classics, cultural studies, history, film, languages, literature, musicology, philosophy, theatre studies, and religious studies. The festival is not limited to humanities research but builds upon it, welcoming knowledge from all disciplines in addition to core study of the humanities. We celebrate humanities “plus” – social science, natural science, performing and fine arts, medicine, all areas of research can work with the humanities to enhance understanding. The humanities form an essential cornerstone of human knowledge and culture around the world. They have been studied and celebrated for thousands of years and form the basis of our understanding of ourselves and our relation to the world and each other. They provide tools for communication and debate, the means through which to articulate and interrogate complex ideas, and ways of understanding our past and anticipating our futures. We need the humanities now more than ever to help us address these issues and help us question, interpret and explain the human condition. We believe that the humanities inspire and enrich our everyday lives; they help us understand ourselves, our relationships with others and the challenges we face in a changing world. They help us understand being human. We are on a mission to make research in the humanities enjoyable and accessible to all!
613-967-1066 \| Heating, Ventilating & AC Facebook Contact Us September 2021 Is Your Heat Pump Costing You More Than It Should? What To Do Now BiTemp heating and cooling in Belleville, Ontario, offers installation, service and repair for all HVAC system equipment, including heat pump technology. Heat pump technology is not new. But as climate change continues to produce summer heat waves, more people are choosing heat pumps for their air conditioner needs. Heat pumps provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional forced air heating and air conditioning. The heat pump can also deliver up to 100 percent energy efficiency when properly installed. But not every heat pump is able to do its job as well as it could. In this post, we explain what reduces heat pump efficiency and how to fix it. What Is A Heat Pump? Heat pumps are an HVAC system that works by moving heat around There are two terms you need to know if you want to maximize heat pump efficiency and save money on your energy bills. These two terms are heat source and heat sink. The heat source is the place where the heat energy comes from. The most common source is air, but heat pumps can also extract heat energy from the water or the earth (geothermal). The heat sink is the destination for that heat energy. A heat sink is always a higher temperature than the heat source. The transfer of heat energy from source to sink is accomplished with the use of a pump - hence the name of the technology, "heat pump." How a Heat Pump Heats and Cools Your Space Now that you understand where the heat energy comes from and where it is headed, let's tackle the question of how a heat pump does its job year-round. How does a heat pump heat your home in winter and cool your home in summer? It accomplishes this by changing the location of the heat sink, the higher temperature destination. In the winter, the home is the sink. So the heat pump pumps the heat energy into your home, providing heating all winter long. In the summer, the home is the source. Here, the heat pump pumps the heat energy out of your home, lowering the indoor temperature and keeping you cool. How Do You Lose Efficiency With a Heat Pump? With these basics in mind, we can turn to the question of the two most common places where heat pumps loose efficiency and cost more to operate. 1. Source to sink temperature difference. The first place a heat pump can lose efficiency is the least well known, but also the most common. It is important to choose the right size heat pump for the size of your space and to choose the heat source and heat sink locations with care. This is especially critical with air-to-air heat pumps, which are the most common heat pumps here in Canada. When there is a large temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink, this is when your heat pump will have to work harder to transfer the heat and lose efficiency. This also means it will cost you more money to operate your heat pump. 2. Using the electric backup heat source. The second and more obvious (at least on your monthly power bills) cause of efficiency loss is choosing to use the built-in electric supplemental furnace included with many heat pumps. Heat pumps are not designed to function effectively when temperatures dip below 0 degrees Fahrenheit (-17.7 Celsius). This is why some heat pumps come with an inbuilt supplemental electric furnace that is extremely expensive to operate. To save your wallet, you will want to consider adding a dual fuel (natural gas or propane) emergency backup heat source for those few days when temperatures really plunge. Alternatively, some newer heat pumps feature a hybrid system that can work with a heating boiler or dual fuel furnace. Tips for Correcting Heat Pump Efficiency Losses There are a number of adjustments that can be made to improve heat pump efficiency and maximize energy and cost savings. Unless you are familiar with heat pump installation and maintenance, you will want to have your Bi-Temp service technician take care of these adjustments for you. 1. Change heat pump fan settings seasonally. In the winter, using the heat pump's auto or high fan setting will boost heat delivery. In the summer, a low heat pump fan setting will support increased cooling and better humidity control. 2. Change the direction of heat pump airflow seasonally. Changing the direction of airflow from vents can increase comfort. Summer airflow should be directed at the room occupants. Winter airflow should be directed down into the room. 3. Adjust your heat pump defrost settings. Make use of the demand setting (if applicable) to reduce the number of defrost cycles. Turning off the inside fan can also help reduce energy use during defrost cycles. 4. Ensure appropriate temperature set point for supplemental heat. The ideal set point for the supplemental heat source to turn on is within 2 to 3 degrees of your heat pump set point. 5. Install a programmable smart thermostat for your heat pump. Not only will the use of a programmable smart thermostat keep you from heating or air conditioning an empty home, but it can also help you anticipate severe weather and extreme short-term temperature shifts that cost you money. 6. Do not neglect routine heat pump preventative maintenance and tune-up service. A well-maintained heat pump is an efficient heat pump. You want to be sure to change air filters regularly and clean major components like the compressor and coils. Contact Bi-Temp Heating and Cooling in Belleville, Ontario Bi-Temp Heating and Cooling in Belleville, Ontario, has spent nearly a half-century serving the HVAC needs of the greater Quinte West and surrounding areas. Discover the Bi-Temp difference! Our highly trained, prompt, polite and skilled service technicians are trained to install, service and repair all makes and models of HVAC system equipment, including all types of heat pumps. Give us a call at 1-613-967-1066 or visit us online for all your heating, ventilation and air conditioner needs. Login to post comments.
Diet & LifestyleHealth Protect Yourself From These 6 Toxic Substances That Are Linked To Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. It is one of the leading causes of deaths related to cancer. It is also estimated that 1 in 8 women is diagnosed with breast cancer over the course of her life. Cancer is a broad group of diseases, and each type is caused due to different reasons. Just as each type of cancer is different, so are its symptoms and prevention methods. However, there are no particular causes for breast cancer apart from the main risk factors. Among the most common risk factors is heredity. However, there are a few other dangerous substances that are closely linked to breast cancer. Due to the increased percentage of synthetic chemicals in the environment, it has been noted that there are increased breast cancer rates. Therefore, understanding the links between these environmental pollutants and breast cancer can help people protect themselves from this disease. So, read on to know more. 6 Toxic Substances That Are Linked To Breast Cancer 1. Phthalates Phthalates are plasticizers, meaning they are used to soften and increase the flexibility and durability of plastics. These industrial chemicals are found everywhere, especially in toys, car interiors, vinyl substances, etc. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors and exposure to these dangerous chemicals has been linked to conditions such as decreased fertility, asthma, obesity, and most of all, breast cancer. They disrupt several hormonal systems in the body, including estrogen-regulated systems. Hence, it is advised that everyone be aware of their presence and avoid exposure to phthalates as some may be more vulnerable to health problems when compared to others. 2. Triclosan Another toxic substance to look out for is Triclosan. It is an antimicrobial agent that is often added to a range of household products to prevent the growth of bacteria. It can be found in many common products such as cosmetics, deodorants, dental products, antibacterial soaps, etc. It claims to give antimicrobial protection, but the chemical is a potential endocrine disruptor in humans. And it can be found in human blood, urine, and breast milk if ingested. It can have adverse effects on the body and even lead to breast cancer. 3. Octinoxate Octinoxate is another chemical substance that is present in many common skin care and cosmetic products. It can be found in sunscreens, anti-marks creams, lipsticks, hair color, etc. Even though it is valued for its ability to protect the skin from certain factors, like UV rays, it can cause more harm than good. Despite the fact that octinoxate has been approved for use by the FDA, it can be fatal if the concentration exceeds the given limit of 7.5%. Like the rest, octanoate can have a negative impact on the endocrine system, and disrupt the hormonal balance. Hence, it has the potential to rapidly increase the development of estrogen in the body, which is linked to breast cancer. 4. Parabens Commonly used as preservatives in products, parabens are toxic chemicals that can be found in everyday items. They are a group of chemicals that are used to prevent the growth of bacteria. Parabens are commonly found in personal care products, food products, and even pharmaceuticals. They may increase shelf life and stability of the product, but they pose a great threat to women. They can enter the body through dermal absorption or ingestion, and enhance the growth of estrogen in the body. The tissue samples of many women suffering from breast cancer have shown traces of parabens. 5. Aluminum Aluminum salts are present as one of the active agents in antiperspirants. Aluminum-based compounds are used as the key ingredients in deodorants, roll ons, and other underarm cosmetics. These compounds are capable of stopping the flow of sweat from the sweat duct onto the skin’s surface. However, recent studies have shown that the skin near the application of the product may absorb the aluminum compounds, and this may lead to boosted estrogen hormones. It is not backed by scientific evidence, but the excessive usage of these products may lead to the development of breast cancer. 6. Lead People are exposed to the toxic element lead by simply breathing it. Lead and its compounds have many useful properties. Hence, we humans have been using it since early history. It can be found in tableware, pipes, paints, batteries, etc. Its presence is quite common in household/furniture products. It can also be found in food and alcoholic beverages. Many studies in recent times have shown that women suffering from breast cancer are those who are more likely to be exposed to lead. Hence, it is another major risk factor that may increase the chance of developing cancer in the body. These are a few toxic chemicals that have the potential to disrupt the normal functioning of hormones in the body and lead to breast cancer. With more research, scientists are beginning to learn and understand more about harmful environmental chemicals that can cause breast cancer. Most women are suffering from breast cancer have constantly been in contact with one or a combination of these harmful chemicals. Therefore, stay aware of the presence of these toxic chemicals in everyday life to fight any chances of the disease. Spread awareness, and stay healthy. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Back to top button
Consciousness, Kamma, Jhana and all that Jazz, Shakespeare, Munch and Praxis too "Bhikkhus have you seen a masterpiece of painting?" "Yes Lord" "That masterpiece of art is designed by the mind" "Indeed bhikkhus, the mind is even more artistic than the masterpiece" these are the sentiments of SN 12.64. What does this mean for one who wants to do away with suffering or its origination, as in the palm stump simile? The “Painter” is about the artistry of mind or its skillfulness, or a master architect of forms? It is only in the 4th foundation of mindfulness or in the 4th jhana, that cessation happens, i.e. ceasing of the artist, or the death of the architect. In other words in these domains, consciousness or the mind stops painting or sculpting. Samsaric consciousness comes to rest. Forms do not appear, without the aid of the kamma. When forms don’t appear, there is no bumping into. Friction of contact, causes release of sparks, marks, nimittas, identifiers, which lead to a subtle recognition thereby a naming. Remember the Seamstress? Sn 4.2. The naming or designating or denominating is an indicator that kamma has gained entry into picture, in the form of a seamstress. She has snuck in, sticking the needle through, binding the form to the name. Denomination is the one thing that has everything under control S 1.39. By kamma the world moves, by kamma men live, and by kamma are all beings bound, As by its pin the rolling chariot of wheel (sutta nipata 654). Beings are originated by kamma, kamma is its relative, are sheltered by it, or ruined by it. -In worldly phenomena, consciousness is the chief, consciousness is the principal, consciousness is the forerunner. -In transcendental phenomena, however, understanding is the chief, understanding is the principal, understanding is the forerunner. The Arahant has done away with worldly consciousness, s/he resides in the Right knowledge and is thus Rightly liberated, MN 117, operates on the principle of immeasurable. How can we measure that consciousness? The consciousness of Arahant has disappeared from our sight. Trying to do so brings to mind the blind man describing the elephant. It is a bit silly. It is not one or two suttas that this writing is based on but all the suttas that make sense, that speaks to me of how Buddha taught. It is not based on the teachings of compilers who just did not get the Buddha. A friend wrote on DW, referring to SĀ 288, the reed simile, the Sarvastivadin version is difficult because it implies that there are no formless existences because, when you take away form, mind and name plummet in that version. But why would it surprise anyone? This is exactly what happens in 4th jhana? Samsaric consciousness or underlying tendency is abolished. Curiously in the agama version of the sutta on Reed simile, SĀ 288, there are three reeds not two. A glitch in the memory of a compiler? The Agama version makes more sense, than the double reed version of SN 12.67. If there is no forming (painting, sculpting), samsaric consciousness collapses. Form, and naming of the form, and consciousness need the support of all. In the Agama version of Reed simile there are 3 reeds, supporting each other. Have you seen the work of Praxiteles? Consciousness is a better sculptor at sculpting faces with eyes, ears and noses, etc, nay it is far more efficient. Don’t forget that consciousness is a magic trick. It makes the forms that have been painted or sculpted come to life. Desire rushes in, sharp needles are thrust through. In the power of hunger! hunger for the power of lust, some bonds or marriages (between form and name) are made in hell. Where consciousness is samsarically active, stuff representative of life happens, meaning people walk, people talk, people make love and people make war, people fall in love with ice cream. Anything goes, it is a veritable fairy tale in the domain of consciousness, Shakespearean plays are constantly reenacted. Munch is at work, so is Monet. No one takes a holiday in the unguarded mind. with love PS for the friends that inspire my admiration! Outflow of metta to all! Going straight to the the arahant position skips the reality of the practice. This is a symptom of the lack of perspective of the fledgling Buddhism in the west, and also a misinterpretation of the order of the suttas, aspirants more appropriately looking at those addressed to or by Ananda, Rahula, nuns, or the pre-enlightenment discourses. The Munch or Monet mind is of a higher level than normally experienced, so is a state of concentration to be worked for. “Thus we can say that the Dhamma — in terms of doctrine, practice, and attainment — derives from the fully explored implications of one observation: that it is possible to master a skill. This point is reflected not only in the content of the Buddha’s teachings, but also in the way they are expressed. The Buddha used many metaphors, explicit and implicit, citing the skills of craftsmen, artists, and athletes to illustrate his points. The texts abound with explicit similes referring to acrobats, archers, bathmen, butchers, carpenters, farmers, fletchers, herdsmen, musicians, painters, etc., pointing out how their skills correspond either to the way the mind fashions stress and suffering for itself, or to the skills a meditator needs to develop in order to master the path to release. On the implicit level, the passages dealing with meditation are filled with terms derived from music theory. In his younger days as a prince, the Bodhisatta — like other young aristocrats of his time — was undoubtedly a connoisseur of the musical arts, and so was naturally familiar with the theory that lay behind them. Because the terminology of this theory is so pervasive in the teachings he formulated as a Buddha, it will be useful to discuss it here briefly.”—" Thanissaro, “Skillfulness.”
30 April 2006 Proclivity of Wind Power System Specifications Figure 1: Efficiency versus load for gas turbine. Sources of Error Anonymous said... Very interesting. This is the first time I’ve seen anyone attempt this. Wind speed data from sites closer to Cape Cod can be found at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory site- Or from the NOAA National Data Buoy Center- Buzzard’s Bay Station Nick said... Wouldn't both the variability of demand, and the variability of production by the gas turbine both work in favor of the wind turbine? My understanding of the meaning of the 20% market share limit is that that is roughly where the variance introduced by wind starts to rise above the noise of consumer demand variance.... Robert McLeod said... No, error is additive. I will explain in detail later, and I think I have references specifically for wind penetration at home. Engineer-Poet said... This comment has been removed by a blog administrator. Engineer-Poet said... The other source of error is that a real system will have more than one gas turbine, and superfluous turbines are likely to be turned off rather than run at idle. This is an argument for real-time DSM, because a grid which can manage its load to exactly consume the output of un-schedulable production like wind will be able to minimize the low-power operation of gas turbines and other peaking generators. Robert McLeod said... This comment has been removed by a blog administrator. Robert McLeod said... You're taking too much from a simplistic analysis. The graph I gave only lists the instantaneous efficiency of the system, as if it's been running at that load since the beginning of the universe. As we all know, introducing transients doesn't make a heat engine happy. If you have to constantly turn on and off sets of gas turbines that will have a great negative impact on their performance. You need to give them enough heat and inertia to get to their operating conditions. That's all wasted energy that Homer can't really account for. The wind data is only hourly. In reality wind oscillates much more frequently – corrections on the order of a minute are necessary. There is a more detailed (and public domain) Irish study that can give a better feel for this: Also consider the difficulty of running any combined cycle run on waste heat if the supply of heat isn't steady. Engineer-Poet said... 46% is rather low for a combined-cycle plant (a 30 MW GE simple-cycle gas turbine gets over 38%), so I had assumed that you were considering a peaking plant rather than base-load. Wind fluctuates on a scale of minutes, but DSM systems which can make up the difference by juggling between A/C compressors and stored ice, water at the top of a water heater vs. the bulk of the tank, and (later) chargers for electric vehicles could manage this easily. If you have even 20 million PHEV's on 110 volt 15 A connections, you've got 33 GW of demand which is potentially controllable. That's only about 3.5% of total US generating capacity, but as a fraction of the minute-by-minute variation in supply I'm sure it's far more than that. Put them on 220 V 30 A connections or expand the total well past 10% of the vehicle fleet, and you're talking some serious impact. Nick said... Wow! According to the Irish study, "The additional cost of operating reserve is relatively small and likely to be to less than €0.50/MWh with 1950MW." That's only .05 cents per KWHr! and that's with wind at a decent market share of about 12% (assuming 30% capacity factor, and Ireland's average generation at 4.82 GW). Keep in mind that Ireland is pretty small (smaller than the US state of Maine), and there's very little interconnection with Britain (about 6% of generation), so Ireland would get relatively little benefit of geographical dispersion and averaging. This is common in Europe, but not in the US (with the hopefully temporary exception of Texas). That seems to be a pretty strong statement that wind's variability is not that hard to deal with. Robert McLeod said... I wouldn't take that as gospel. You point on lack of geographical separation is moot. The correlation among wind speed at different farms in their modeling methodology is handled in an arbitrary fashion (see B.19). What's promising about the Ilex study is that it suggests that if you have strong forecasting techniques you can reduce the problems. Thus far wind forecasting is more voodoo than science. Here is the 'other' Irish study from the power company (these are generally taken as a pair but I couldn't find this one last night): This is actually the better study because they are the utility and have proprietary data. They have much more negative conclusions: 15 % cost increase in the price of electricity for only 11.7 % wind penetration and €120/ton cost for CO2 reduction. In comparison the Ilex study is quoting €0.50/ton. Those two numbers are difficult to reconcile. The Ilex number's don't account for capital costs (wheras the ESB study does estimate them). The actual numbers should be somewhere in-between the two studies. Robert McLeod said... That's nice, and I generally agree, but plug-ins and thermal storage are vapourware at this point. Similarly pumped/reservoir hydro can provide buffering from the supply side (and those systems actually exist). I know that some of my former professors at UVic are working on the synergy between hydro and intermittent wind and wave power but I haven't seen publications as of yet. Engineer-Poet said... Thermal storage is product. Anonymous said... Firstly, the assumption that adding wind power stops gas turbines working at maximum capacity is false, since generator capacity will be sized for peak demand, not average. Secondly, all energy generators, including gas turbines, have downtime for maintenance etc, see for some numbers. So the nominal total capacity has to be greater than expected peak demand anyway. The way to reduce the variability in supply (and hence the required overcapacity and the inefficient stop/start of baseload generators) is to diversify the energy sources, so adding wind power will actually improve the net efficiency of gas turbines in the system. Nick said... I haven't had time to really take the ESB study apart, but I note that the average cost per kwhr of the reference 6.5 GW NG system seems to be about $.033. This would seem to be badly out of date (the study compilation date looks like late 2003, when Irish NG prices were probably less than a third what they are currently). The marginal cost of wind appears to come out to about $.076 per kwhr, which is almost certainly less than the current cost of electricity from Irish NG. Again, this is a very small system - we're talking about a 6.5 GW (peak)system, compared to 905 GW in the US. Ireland is very small, and only barely interconnected to the UK. $.076 per kwhr in such an environment doesn't seem too bad - less than NG, less than coal (fully loaded with external costs and overhead). It would be interesting to see a comparison with nuclear in such a small system. In the US you can have 10 1 GW nuclear plants, each of which is out of operation 10% of the time for refueling, and get a continuous 9 GW. In this system you couldn't justify more than about 1.5GW of nuclear, (the night time base load), and the one or two nuclear plants would require 100% backup capacity during refueling, not to mention the week it takes to re-start a nuclear plant after a power outage. Robert McLeod said... 1.) Hypothesis of a false state implies nothing. Wind provides statistically insignificant firm capacity. The standard deviation has always extended down into the bogus negative realm in my experience, and that's only a 68 % confidence interval. For the data set in my example the mean power output was 28.5 MW +/- 43.85 MW. If you don't believe me, run your own numbers. 2.) Non-sequetur. Capacity factor is seen from all power sources. Nick said... Robert, if I understand you correctly, you seem to be saying that wind has a very large output variance, so large that wind can provide no contribution to capacity factor. Do you have any references for that? Everything I've seen says that it does. The AWEA says that it does for low market share (e.g., that wind generation with 30% capacity factor provides a 30% contribution to system capacity up to say, 10% market share), and that the contribution slowly diminishes above that point. I think you may be missing Toby's point. All generation has variance in output, not just wind. Nothing is 100% reliable - everything is a statistical question. To dismiss wind as unreliable is not realistic. Clearly wind's variation is greater, but how much greater is not clear. That’s what I was trying to get at in my discussion of nuclear, above. If you work with a very small system, any generator is going to need 100% backup. As you scale up, the ratio of variance to average load gets smaller - that’s a basic statistical principle, and it applies here very strongly. This means that analysis of small simulations, or small systems, tells you very little about the behavior of large systems: the relationship of variance (or, more properly, variance divided by the mean) to system size is non-linear. To phrase it in yet another way, the % of system capacity needed to meet peak loads drops as the system gets larger. That means that a small wind system that would need 100% backup as a standalone system may only need 10% backup when added to a system that is 10 times larger. Here’s an example: E.ON Netz in their report at "http://www.eon-energie.de/bestellsystem/ frameset_eng.php?choosenBu=eonenergie&choosenId=1725" shows some capacity contribution, about 9%, which is 50% of their 18% capacity factor. And, again, that’s for a very small system. E.ON Netz is the TSO for two of Germany's 16 states, with an area of 22,822 square miles. This is very small, about the size of W. Virginia (.7% of the US), and 26% of the UK. Further, they have very little long-distance transmission (having built up their system around local plants), and transmission capacity is so limited that some new wind plants can't even be connected. I suspect that this reflects Germany's pre-E.U and pre-unification history. In any case, they'd have a lot more flexibility with more transmission capacity and interconnections with other countries, and could reduce generation and demand variance substantially. Unknown said... Interesting disscussion, just wanted to post this link to live data from the Spanish Wind generation system - thought it maybe of interest.... Anonymous said... My prediction for 2007 and the future is that we will power the 21st Century using the everlasting wind. I have a patent pending machine I will soon be testing in a wind tunnel. There is nothing the world needs more then unlimited energy. Think how the world will change once the new reality sinks in. Current technology keeps increasing the rotor diameter. Power is proportional to the square of the diameter (P = ½ ρ v3 A), but look at the advantage of the cube of the wind speed could provide.
Skip to main content We, the Misak, are located in the Southwest of the Republic of Colombia, and have a population of approximately 25,000 inhabitants, with ancestral and autonomous authorities managing and regulating the territory. We created the “Plan de Vida” (Plan of Life), which is a political strategy to ensure the existence of community life and spirituality linked to Mother Nature and countervailing the country’s own laws and regulations. The “Plan de Vida” is Mother Earth’s path to a comprehensive life with the mission of preserving moors, water resources and wetlands, all of which are alive and enjoy their own natural rights with no economic attributions. But we humans cannot see them as living beings. The Plan of Life is ancient and was passed on through oral tradition until it was systemised in 1992. We, the Misak People, based on our Plan de Vida, protect life in our territory. We safeguard the moors, which are sacred places, and plant trees to safeguard water sources, manage watersheds and riverbanks and avoid their contamination. Similarly, we restrict research activity and the collection of resources within our territories. We, the Misak, are a people consisting physically of individuals, but we have a collective mind and conscience. This collectiveness gives us the necessary measures to protect Mother Earth and its biological diversity. We, the Misak, we have lived with Mother Nature wisely without looking at economic, commercial or industrial benefits, with the conviction that exercising the right to live is not only a human right but also the fundamental right of our Mother Earth. Only then can we live well. We are not against what the Western world call “development”. But we are against dispossession, a model of extractive development, mining, or any kind of human action that threatens the life of our Mother. We support a minga[footnote]”Minga” is a traditional Quechua term for collaborative work that is in common use throughout the Andean countries / deChile. Etimología de Minga. at <>[/footnote] for the life of our Mother; we want to work as brothers with all the peoples who work to protect environmental rights. We want to unify our physical and spiritual strengths to protect a sustainable life. This is the only way to stop the illness of the economic and political models that fail to ensure the life of the planet and humanity.
Information doesn’t matter The classical economists gave us three basic factors of production: Land (i.e. nature-given resources), Labor (i.e. human effort), and Capital (i.e. tools). Naturally this involves lumping together a lot of heterogeneous things. Capital includes a rock you might use to smash an assailant over the head as well as a particle accelerator. But prices do a brilliant thing: they provide information about the relative scarcity of goods and compress that information into a single dimension This allows us to aggregate! It means that we can talk about how much capital per capita is available in a region (or better yet, provide a distribution of workers’ access to capital… a project I’m not sure if anyone’s done) and the like. This whole intellectual project is necessary if we want to talk about the nature and causes of a particular economy’s well being. But the original factors have become less useful as the nature of economic activity has changed over time. It gradually became clear that the concept of labor was too fuzzy: how do we compare the labor of a doctor with that of a stevedore with that of a professional wrestler? We could try to use prices, but for a variety of reasons that just won’t work very well. Household production and leisure don’t have market prices, market frictions are particularly pronounced, information asymmetries abound and are entangled with principal-agent problems (you don’t have to watch a wrench to ensure that it doesn’t slack off, but your administrator may very well cease to administrate while browsing Facebook). Economists have dealt with the issue with the idea of human capital. In addition to physical tools, people also have mental tools (skills). This idea leads into the notion of social capital (people invest in relationships), and can be extended in any number of directions. It’s a wonderful lens through which to view the world because it lets us see the nature of what we do. But it’s not the right way to think about the factors of production. Not because it’s difficult to measure human capital (I’m not convinced it’s really possible to measure much of anything of importance in economics… even though I keep trying to). The problem is that it doesn’t get us down to the core, atomic thing that we’re really interested in. Boulding tells us [emphasis mine]: It is much more accurate to identify the factors of production as know-how (that is genetic information structure), energy, and materials, for, as we have seen, all processes of production involve the direction of energy by some know-how structure toward the selection, transportation, and transformation of materials into the product. And I think he’s on to something here. The basic stuff of our economy is information applied to objects (even information has to be physically embodied in writing, magnetic manipulation of hard drives, or the shape of our neural connections), which requires energy. But we’ve got the information necessary to do far more than we actually do. What is it that stands between the vast amounts of knowledge at our command being applied to our enormous stocks of physical resources using our still plentiful and cheap energy? Why is there so much slack in our economic systems? It could simply be transaction costs, but I think we can go deeper. Boulding’s factors give a more refined view of both labor and capital, but he’s still missing the fundamental kernel of labor. It’s not our know-how that matters–we all know we’re supposed to save for retirement and yet we don’t. It’s not that we don’t have enough energy. What’s missing is an appreciation of attention. Attention is at the root of alertness which Kirzner tells us is the prime mover that sets in motion economizing behavior. Attention is what is necessary to learn. Most importantly, it is what is necessary to remember and apply what we learn. And it’s universal. Laborers have it and so will our future robot overlords. It’s easily as basic as energy and materials. The question then is how to tie it into the notion of know-how (the psychology of learning) and social sciences more generally. 5 thoughts on “Information doesn’t matter • Certainly when we think of classical rhetoric, the emphasis on ethos and pathos relate to the issue of information transmission. Rhetoric is that gap between the source of information and where (in whose mind) it ends up. When we’re asking questions about the relationship between some bit of knowledge (e.g. a fact or a recipe) the temptation is to think “two and two is four, no matter who tells me.” But if I’m hearing it from a source I don’t trust that knowledge might go unexploited by me. In other words, how I allocate my attention depends on my evaluation of the different possible applications of my attention, including the possibility of learning from sources of information with varying degrees of rhetorical effectiveness. 1. Again, very interesting stuff. Organizations also have habits and routines, have you considered the role of organizational attention? • There’s also habits, routines, and reflexes built into culture and other institutions. I haven’t spent any time thinking through these issues but they’re certainly interesting. Please keep it civil You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Great Bear Rainforest AR Home / Great Bear Rainforest AR Great Bear Rainforest in Augmented Reality View some of the Great Bear Rainforest’s most iconic animals in augmented reality. If viewing on a computer, drag and zoom the images below to see each animal from different angles. Click on the AR icon in the top right corner of each image and scan the QR code with the camera from a mobile device to place the image in physical space and interact with it that way. Humpback Whale Humpback whales of the Great Bear Sea were almost decimated by whaling, but in the last 20 years their numbers have returned and it is not unusual to see humpbacks during the summer. During the winter, humpbacks will migrate to the warmer waters of Mexico or Hawaii. Pacific Salmon Pacific salmon are a keystone species of the Great Bear Rainforest and feed over 200 species of animals. The rainforest salmon run is one of the most spectacular migrations on Earth. Adult salmon will return from the open ocean to the exact same stream where they spawned. Salmon are not only important to the animals, but are an important food source for the people who live in the Great Bear. Grizzly Bear Grizzly bears are the largest of the bears found in the Great Bear Rainforest. There are far fewer grizzly bears than the smaller black bears. This is because grizzlies require such large territories to survive, as much as hundreds of square kilometers for males. Bald Eagle Bald eagles are found throughout North America, but are especially plentiful in the Great Bear Rainforest. Bald eagles are Canada’s largest bird of prey. Orcas of the Great Bear Rainforest are either resident populations or transient populations. Residents form pods of 10 or more and spend their lives in the same territories following the salmon which is what they mainly eat. Transients are often alone or in small groups of 5 or 6, travel greater distances and along with fish, will hunt and eat mammals like seals and sealions.
Compare And Contrast Beowulf And Thor Good Essays Beowulf and Thor are very similar in terms of personality, morals, and the way they think things should be done. They are both very strong men and they have the need to control every little thing and how things should work out. They are both very arrogant and they like to brag Thor does not want to listen to what anyone wants to say while Beowulf does not have to listen to anyone because he already has a firm grasp of what his culture is like and what is to be expected of him. Thor on the other hand has a lot to learn he has to understand how to be a good king so he can serve his people correctly. Beowulf already knows how to do those things because he grew up learning the ways of the Anglo Saxons. Thor thinks he is ready to be king but he’s not he is very arrogant which is not a good trait to have for a ruler. The king has to be wise and know what battles to take on and which battles to simply leave alone. Thor shows this great arrogance by going to the land of the frost giants or as norse mythologists would call Jotunheim. Thor is outraged that the frost giants got into the asgardian kingdom he would not let them get away with this thus the reason why he traveled to Jotunheim to have a word or two with the frost giants and their leader Laufey. Beowulf shows arrogance as well…show more content… Beowulf wins the fight but in Thor’s situation the price he pays for his arrogance is a great one. Thor and Beowulf both have their demons that they have to face internally and physically in the outside world. Thor has to learn how to become a great king for his people and Beowulf is struggling with the Anglo Saxon standards of living and having to stay in line in terms of the rules and things he wants to be known as a great warrior that has done many things for his people so keeping that good image up is a Get Access
History of Gardening Gardening is a fundamental part of the history of landscape architecture. Without the understanding of gardening, plants would rapidly die out and there will be definitely nothing for people to value in parks and backyards all over in the world. This post takes a peek at the history of gardening beginning with the ancient times to today’s society. People have really valued having big backyards and gardens in their households for an extended period of time. Even in ancient Egyptian tomb, there are illustrations that expose ponds surrounded by different type of trees which are evidence of how gardening flourished even at that time. There’s the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon which is amongst the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was specified to have in fact been built by the Persian king Darius the Great for his spouse. The civilizations that followed Egypt and Persia continued with this customized of having a big stretch of gardens. These include the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Gardening isn’t a completely Western activity. Even the ancient Chinese and Japanese have in fact built landscapes in their Their designs are typically concentrated on recreating natural landscapes such as mountains and rivers. The Middle Ages triggered a revival of gardening practices in Europe. By the 16th to the 18th centuries, the improvement of such gardens was at an all time high. And while gardening of the past was completely in the domain of houses and temples, it played a necessary function in city preparation by the time the 20th century came. It has actually since played a part in the advancement not simply of houses nevertheless similarly of structures throughout the world.
Leonid Yaroslavsky Digital holography and digital image processing are twins born by computer era. They share origin, theoretical base, methods and algorithms. The present book describes these common fundamentals principles, methods and algorithms including image and hologram digitization, data compression, digital transforms and efficient computational algorithms, statistical and Monte-Carlo methods, image restoration and enhancement, image reconstruction in tomography and digital holography, discrete signal resampling and image geometrical transformations, accurate measurements and reliable target localization in images, recording and reconstruction of computer generated holograms, adaptive and nonlinear filters for sensor signal perfecting and image restoration and enhancement. The book combines theory, heavily illustrated practical methods and efficient computational algorithms and is written for senior-level undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and engineers in optics, photonics, opto-electronics and electronic engineering.
what is diffusion Asked by nilangi \| 12th Jul, 2013, 04:53: PM Expert Answer: Diffusion is the process of movement of any substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Answered by \| 16th Jul, 2013, 10:39: AM
Original Math Notes All Seasons Season 5 Episode 518: 12:01 am Light rays in an invisible metamaterial-raindrop Light rays in an invisible metamaterial-raindrop Scene 16: Imagine a rainbow... Charlie suddenly steps outside into a bucolic scene -- a massive rainbow behind him in the sky. CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd) -- which is formed when a beam of white light... We MOVE into a beam of white light that moves through drops of rainwater. CHARLIE (V.O.) (cont'd) ...passes through drops of rainwater in the air and is refracted or bent. Unweaving the Rainbow » Unweaving the Rainbow Rainbow formation on a disk-like raindrop. Drag the locator up and down to vary where the light ray strikes the raindrop, or right and left to thicken the ray lines. Scene 17: Sorry I'm late. Got the scouting report on our opponent -- good news is they're the worst team in their conference. Bad news is, compared to us they're great. What are you doing anyway? Gaussian filtering. Gaussian Smoothing » Gaussian Smoothing This Demonstration shows the smoothing of an image using a 2D convolution with a Gaussian kernel. The kernel is sampled and normalized using the 2D Gaussian function. Scene 38: Don and Robin look at a computer, which shows Charlie's So what are we looking at here? CHARLIE (V.O.) Those wavy lines... Chladni Figures » Chladni Figures Chladni figures are wavy lines produced by scattered salt or sand on an elastic material of a given shape, possibly constrained at the edges or at a point in the center, and forced to vibrate with a violin bow. The modes of vibration can be identified because these small particles end up in the places of zero vibration, which happens at those parts of the surface that are stationary, namely at the nodes of vibration, where n harmonics cancel. Wolfram: Creators of Mathematica, Leaders in Math & Computation Compute expert-level answers—Wolfram\|Alpha
The Most Critical Element On The Earth is H20 Do you like to get your hydration from faucet water or the bottled and carbonated mineral variety? nullMany of us prefer to sip on gleaming mineral water, however have held back because we're told it's bad for us. Usual mythology claims the fizzy beverage can remove the cellular lining of your belly, rot your teeth, and deteriorate your bones. Yet definitely if the rumours regarding shimmering mineral water held true, there's no doubt the Australian government would certainly have stepped in and outlawed the compound. At its many fundamental, mineral water is merely water gathered from a springtime or pumped from a well that contains normally occurring minerals. Minerals like calcium, magnesium, potassium-- the ones we're always being informed to consume more of. Sparkling mineral water merely consists of gas, or has actually been artificially carbonated by pumping carbon dioxide through it. Throughout the years, issue for the results of carbonated beverages has actually led numerous investigates to try and also unmask the misconceptions. Here's what they found: There's an old other halves tale that states the bubbles in carbonated drinks remove the calcium from your bones. But there's no substance to this. In fact, if you're drinking on shimmering mineral water, you'll be reinforcing your bones. Plain carbonated mineral water has high degrees of bicarbonate and also is an alkaline drink, the opposite of acid. A 2005 research study showed that women that consumed alcohol a litre of carbonated mineral water daily shed much less calcium than when they drank faucet water. nullThe scientists wrapped up that when mineral-rich carbonation levels level of acidity in the body, it aids keep the calcium locked inside bones. Carbonated water can trigger a buildup of air that can relocate down the gastrointestinal system and also right into the colon, creating awkward flatulence. The magnesium found in carbonated mineral water helps to manage your blood pressure. Bottled mineral water has up to four times as much calcium as well as magnesium as regular tap water. One research located that individuals who were drinking faucet water reduced in magnesium were able to decrease their blood pressure by consuming alcohol a litre of mineral water on a daily basis. As carbonated water fizzes and gurgles away in your belly, it can cause an accumulation of air. This accumulation of air can additionally create abdominal distension, bloating, as well as in serious situations (if excessive sparkling mineral water is taken in) it can cause an excess manufacturing of tummy acid, which can aggravate the tummy lining and also trigger a peptic abscess-- a very rare however agonizing condition that creates bleeding in the belly and also requires prompt medical therapy. There's nothing in ordinary gleaming mineral water that will rot your teeth ... but there's also nothing that will quit your teeth deteriorating. Some mineral water will not have adequate fluoride to assist safeguard against dental caries, so if you favor drinking on the bubbled kind, simply keep in mind to mix it up with tap water every now and then. There are 2 various points to consider below: mineral water and carbonated mineral water. While carbonated mineral water will not remove your bones of calcium (actually, the reverse is true), it's probably best to stay clear of if you have a history of tummy ulcers or deal with windiness. And while the minerals in mineral water have a valuable result on your high blood pressure and also bones, they might not have the fluoride degrees necessary to protect you versus dental cavity. Moisturize with a mix of mineral water as well as faucet water, appreciate the sparkling kind if you can tolerate it, and you can not go wrong! Drinking mineral water is a wonderful means to revitalize your body's minerals and also improve your overall wellness. Fairly just, mineral water is water that emerges from an all-natural mineral spring, which results in the water being really high in mineral web content. Much more particularly, this mineral water usually has a higher content of calcium, iron, magnesium, office watercoolers potassium, as well as sodium than regular water. Every resource of all-natural spring water is slightly different in make-up, which might discuss the small distinction in preference in between the many various brands of mineral water on the market. Mineral springs, throughout background, were locations where people would go to shower and soak in these distinct waters, in an effort to improve the wellness of their body. Today, these mineral springtimes are extra popular and rewarding as resources for the container of mineral water. A few of these carbonated water additionally have high levels of pressed gas (e.g., carbonation), so they have the sparkling flavor of carbonation that many people enjoy. Instead of consuming alcohol carbonated sodas or various other beverages with added sugars or nutrients, alcohol consumption mineral water can be a healthy and balanced and delightful choice. Much like any type of various other form of water, mineral water can aid to generate peeing, which is among the best methods to cleanse the body, eliminating excess fats, salts, and toxic substances. This can additionally help to minimize pressure on the kidneys and also metabolic process. Although there are no calories in mineral water, the additional nutrients and the carbonation can typically help someone feel complete as compared to normal water. For individuals fighting with their weight, or trying to develop a calorie shortage, consuming this sparkling water might assist fat burning initiatives. Unlike regular water, mineral water consists of potassium and salt; in the very best types, the salt levels are reduced, while the potassium is high. This is a wonderful means to enhance nerve system feature as well as decrease high blood pressure, as potassium is a vasodilator. In other words, this carbonated water can also secure cardiovascular wellness. With high degrees of magnesium as well as calcium, this type of water is definitely a boost for your bone mineral density, which reduces your threat of creating osteoporosis as you age. Magnesium can help to regulate cardio wellness in a variety of methods and has been connected to decreasing total cholesterol levels. Consuming mineral waters that have high levels of magnesium can minimize your danger of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. When your electrolytes are well balanced, and your nerve system can operate appropriately, there is less of a chance for chronic inflammation and also oxidative anxiety. Consequently, some studies have actually found that intake of this mineral-based water can secure against certain neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's. Although the main mineral typically isn't iron, it exists in several varieties of this specialty water. With added iron content in your diet plan, your blood flow will certainly enhance. Iron is an essential element of red blood cell production. Hence, even more iron suggests better oxygenation, faster healing, and also far better body organ function throughout the body. As pointed out earlier, the main difference in between routine faucet water and mineral water is the content of minerals in these waters, consisting of iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, among others. While faucet water isn't constantly pure H20, mineral water has measurable levels of minerals in every sip. In addition, there is no carbonation of trapped gases in tap water, whereas the mineral range can often have carbonation or bubbles. Finally, because mineral water tends to be collected from the underground resource, there is a much lower chance for contamination, whereas tap water in some areas is not eaten, for worry of contamination. There are clearly many advantages to this specialized sort of water, yet there are some side effects, consisting of elevated high blood pressure, and also the threat of plastic toxicity, cancer cells, and artificial sweeteners. Some mineral waters are high in salt, which could cause a rise in blood pressure, specifically in those who are currently battling to stabilize their electrolytes. If mineral water is bottled or saved incorrectly, there is some risk of plastic toxicity, and while this is fairly uncommon, it is always best to consume mineral water directly from its resource, ideally. Some mineral waters are additional treated or refined, as well as may be revealed to other chemicals or sweeteners. If you want the pure benefits of mineral water, stay clear of anything that has been excessively refined, as this could reduce the mineral web content of the water.
Web Word Quests Site There is one search term on this page. Gamo- Words: “hercogamy” to “xenogamy”, Part 2 of 2. Words that contain: gamo-, gam-, -gamy, -gamous (Greek: marriage, union; wedding; pertaining to sexual union). The prevention of self-fertilization in flowers by means of structural obstacles. heterogamy, heterogamous, heterogamic, heterogamosis: 1. Marriage between persons distinctly unsuitable for each other or who are grossly incomptible. 2. In botany, mediate or indirect fertilization of plants. A sacred marriage. hologamy, hologamic, hologamous: A mode of reproduction found in certain protozoa and alg, in which copulation consists in the fusion of whole organisms morphologically similar to the vegetative form. homogamy, homogamous: 1. In botany, fertilization of a flower by its own pollen or by that of another flower on the same plant. 2. Applied to flowers in which the stamens and pistils ripen together. 3. Similarity of husband and wife in a specific trait. hypergamy, hypergamous: 1. A term used to denote the custom that forbids the marriage of a woman into a group of lower standing than her own. 2. Any marriage with a partner of higher social standing. hypogamy, hypogamous: The marriage of a woman into a lower caste or into a tribe of lower standing than her own. One who is capable of sexual union with only one or a few individuals of the opposite sex, being impotent in the presence of any others. A state of being sexually potent with just a few women and impotent with all other. isogamy, isogamous: 1. The fusion of isogametes in some algae and fungi during reproduction. An isogamete is a gamete that is physically identical to another with which it unites to form a zygote. 2. The union of two equal and similar gametes or cells in reproduction, as in conjugation. Among animals the male gametes are known as spermatozoa and the female gametes as eggs or ova. Marriage between persons of the same or nearly the same age. A fusion of cell nuclei that occurs in fertilization or true conjugation. One who hates marriage. misogamy, misogamous, misogamic: A hatred of or aversion to marriage. One who is married to one spouse. monogamy, monogamous: 1. The condition, rule, or custom of being married to only one person at a time (opposed to polygamy or bigamy); chiefly applied to the rule or custom (more explicitly called monogyny) by which a man can have only one wife, but also including monandry, the rule or custom by which a woman can have only one husband. 2. The practice or principle of marrying only once, or of not remarrying after the death of the first spouse:; the opposite of digamy. Marriage between persons highly suitable for each other. octogamy, octogamous: Being married to eight spouses. opsigamy, opsigamous: 1. Marriage late in life. 2. Marriage in which one or both partners are quite advanced in age. pantagamy, pantagamous; pantogamy, pantogamous: 1. Community marriage in which every woman is married to every man, and vice versa. 2. A communistic system of complex marriage, in which all the men and women of a household or community are regarded as married to each other. The Masai tribes of Kenya and parts of Tanzania are said to practice this form of marriage. One who has five spouses. pentagamy, pentagamous: Married to five spouses at the same time. polyandry, polyandrous: The marriage of a woman to several (more than two) men at the same time. Someone who commits polygamy. polygamy, polygamous: 1. In law, the offense of having several wives or husbands at the same time. Bigamy literally means a second marriage distinguished from a third or other; while polygamy means many marriages and implies more than two. 2. In law, a person is guilty of polygamy if he/she marries or cohabits with more than one spouse at a time in a purported exercise of the right of plural marriage. 3. Polygamia est plurium simul virorum uxorumve conubium (Polygamy is the marriage with many husbands or wives at one time). polygyny, polygynous: The marriage of a man to more than two women at the same time. pseudogamy, pseudogamous: A false marriage. Someone who has four spouses (wives or husbands). Married to four spouses at the same time or a fourth marriage. A marriage founded only on sexual attraction. syngamy, sygamous, syngamic: 1. Free interbreeding between organisms. 2. The fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction. tetragamy, tetragamous: 1. A fourth marriage. 2. Marriage with four spouses simultaneously. trigamy, trigamous: 1. The state of having three wives or husbands at the same time; the crime of contracting a third marriage while two previous spouses are alive. 2. Marriage for the third time after the death of former wives or husbands. xenogamy, xenogamous: In botany, fertilization by pollen from another plant of the same species; cross-fertilization.
At the present time Act on Energy are not performing Thermal Surveys. If we could see heat escaping from our homes we may be more inclined to improve the amount of insulation. Heat escapes through all external elements such as the wall, windows, roof and floor and through draughts. If we take temperature readings we can tell where heat is being lost. If each temperature is represented by a different colour so we can then see it. Thermal images are pictures made up from many temperature readings so the image is like looking at a heat map of an object. This can be very useful in identifying areas where more heat is escaping than may be desirable and this helps to check if more insulation is needed. Taking external images of a house shows where most heat is being lost and clearly shows problem areas such as where cavity wall insulation is missing or faulty draught proofing on windows. Internal images can reveal where insulation is missing from the roof space and where cold bridging is occurring in walls. They can also show the position of heating pipes in the floor or concealed in walls. They can even identify water leaks and where condensation is likely.
What are PCB Assembly and its Necessity across Different Sectors? Printed circuit boards or PCBs are widely used in almost all sectors worldwide. A PCB is a flat laminated composite made out of a non-conductive substrate. It again has layers of copper circuitry either hidden internally or externally. In simple applications, a PCB has one or two layers, while it may go up to 50 layers and more for more complex applications. Although there are several PCB assemblies companies, their quality may vary greatly and their performance and durability. There are different types of PCBs such as single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, rigid, flexible, rigid cum flexible, and these depend upon the customer’s specific applications and uses. However, limited manufacturers can provide such different types of high-quality pcb assembly, and that too with the help of AI that can automatically detect everything through automated optical inspection. Among the few that provides high-grade servicing of order through online booking is AiPCBA. You can go to the website by clicking here at www.aipcba.com to upload your Gerber, BOM, and pick and place files so that you get a quote within minutes. Wide Application of PCBA and Importance of Quality Highly skilled professional workers make PCB assemblies. Hence, it helps the manufacturers keep them informed of all that clients would need and about the latest developments in the area. High-level standards are maintained through automated optical inspection so that if anything goes wrong, it can be easily spotted. Here, AI or artificial intelligence uses data globally with the help of its algorithm and analyzes the pcba. The fact is that there is no real way a PCB manufacture can rely on customer feedback to improve specifications and the quality of services. Only a few online sites can responsibly and reliably source hard-to-find parts or custom parts. Even if you have only something related to the PCB assembly, these sites can procure the rest of the pieces, including PCBs, electronic components, and other details. Clients get their printed circuit on within the scheduled time. Online sites like this also send pcba quote to each client that includes the cost of PCB fabrication and BOM electronic components. High-Value Services from AiPCBA It has been seen that only companies that use state-of-the-art technology and AI can deliver the perfect PCB assemblies that clients from all over the world demand. Without such high-level manufacturing processes and an efficient team of high-skilled professionals, the quality and performance of PCBs will go down. Online sites like aipcba are currently the fastest manufacturer that provides PCBA prototyping services, BOM parts sourcing, surface mounting assembly, and testing. Other things like DFM inspection, components replacement suggestions, packaging, and others are all free of cost. Currently, PCBs are more widely used, including medical devices, consumer electronics, LEDs, automotive components, industrial equipment, aerospace components, maritime application, and security equipment. At pcba manufacturing centers like AiPCBA, there are 5 SMT sample lines and 2 DIP sample lines involving selective soldering to vapor phase stirrings. They can also provide clients with high-end advanced PCBs such as HDI boards from level one to three.
Does central heat and air use gas? If your house has central air conditioning, cool air probably flows through the same ducts that heat does and is regulated by the same thermostat. Air conditioners use electricity. Most home heating systems use gas or fuel oil; other systems use electricity. Central Electric Air Conditioner Vs. Gas Central Air. Most central air conditioning systems utilize a combination of gas and electricity to fuel and power the system. They also use forced air ventilation to force cool air through duct channels and vent the cool air into the rooms of your home. Similarly, how does central air work with furnace? Central AC delivers conditioned air to the entire house through ductwork. With a forced-air system, a furnace warms air, an air conditioner cools air, a heat pump either warms or cools air, and then a blower forces the heated or cooled air through the system and out into the living spaces. Furthermore, how do I know if my central heat is gas or electric? Check the front of the heating unit to determine whether it is powered by gas or electric. A gas heat exchanger uses a burner to produce heat. There is a small window on the front of the heater where you can see a blue flame glowing. You can also hear the noise of the gas burner. Does air conditioning use natural gas? Though natural gas is typically used to heat your home, you can also find gas-powered air conditioning units. They typically require lower operating costs than electric AC units and eventually pay for themselves in energy savings. In addition, a natural gas AC could reduce your dependency on the electricity grid. What are the basics of HVAC? Purpose, Design Basics, and Function of HVAC Systems Air handling unit—a system of fans, heating and cooling coils, air-flow control dampers, air filters, etc. Air distribution system. How much is central air a month? Central Air Cost This setup will cost you $3.70 per day to run. Per month, that comes out to $110.88. On the higher end (running for more time each day in a large space),’s 2017 estimates place central AC cooling homes of over 1,200 square feet at an average cost about $245 per month. How do you know if your AC needs gas? Here are 5 things to look for that might tell you that your AC needs more refrigerant. Your AC runs all day and never cools your home. High energy bills. Air coming out of vents isn’t very cold. There’s ice on your refrigerant lines. Hissing/bubbling noise. Note: Don’t forget to fix the leak. Is gas or electric HVAC better? Generally, the gas units heat up the home faster than electric, and they tend to be more efficient in really cold temperatures because gas systems will achieve a higher temperature than electric units in extreme temperatures. How do I know if my AC is low on gas? Signs Your AC is Low on Refrigerant Indoor temperature isn’t comfortable. Most systems move the heat from the inside of your home to the outside. Ice buildup on the outside unit. Hissing noise is noticeable. Visual detection. Perform a soap test. Use an electronic detector. What uses gas in my house? Most of the natural gas consumed in homes is used for space heating and water heating. It is also used in stoves, ovens, clothes dryers, lighting fixtures and other appliances. Surprising Uses Of Natural Gas: Natural gas is used to manufacture a wide variety of products. What happens when there is no gas in AC? Now, as the day heats up, that gas will expand and leak more. At night, as it cools, this will draw in outside (atmospheric) air into the piping as it contracts. This puts moisture in the system, which will freeze at the expansion valve, resulting in no flow of refrigerant, resulting in no cooling. Do split systems need gas? The truth is: split system air conditioners are sealed units – which means there is no reason for re-gassing unless of course there is a leak. If your air conditioner is low on refrigerant, either it was undercharged at installation, or it is leaking. If it’s leaking, simply adding gas is not a solution. What type of heating do I have? Commonly referred to as “forced air,” furnaces are the most common heating systems found in homes. Air is heated in the furnace using gas, electric, propane or oil and then distributed throughout your home using ductwork and vents. You can find your furnace in the basement, attic, crawl space or closet. How can I reduce my electric bill? Here are 10 ways to Lower Your Electric Bill Use a programmable thermostat. Extra-insulate your home. Wear comfortable clothing. Replace your air filter. Lower the temperature on the water heater. Balance Electricity use by using appliances strategically. Save Electricity by Washing clothes in cold water. What do apartments use gas for? In rental properties, natural gas is used for heating and cooking. If you have a gas stove, then you’re relying on natural gas for cooking. Some units may have an electrical heater, which would be powered by electricity. However, it’s more common for heating to be powered by gas. How do I know if my heating system is dual fuel? The easiest way to determine if you have a dual fuel system is to ask your local heating system repair company. However, it may be possible to determine this without a service call. The first place to look for this information is on the metal box inside or outside your home that controls your HVAC system. How does heating work in a house? Why is my gas bill so high? Why is my gas bill higher than usual? Possible reasons for a gas bill which is higher than usual include: You have used your gas heater more or had more hot water showers due to unseasonably cold weather during the bill period.
Management of Neurogenic Stuttering: Rational, Techniques and Strategies: Many conditions can cause SAAND (Stuttering Associated with Acquired Neurogenic Disorder) and affect the frequency with which it coexists with other communication impairments, there is no single treatment approach that is effective in alleviating its symptoms. Some therapy techniques that help reduce the symptoms of developmental stuttering may also be effective with Neurogenic Stuttering. These include: • Slowing speech rate (saying fewer words on each breath by increasing the duration of the sounds and word). • Emphasizing a gentle onset of the start of each phrase (starting from a relaxed posture of the speech muscles, beginning with adequate respiratory support; a slow initiation of the exhalation and gentle onset of the first sound). • Emphasizing a smooth flow of speech production and use of relaxed posture, both in terms of general body postures and for specific speech production muscles. • Identifying the disruptions in the speech patterns and instructing the client in the use of more appropriate patterns. It has also been suggested that teaching a delay strategy to provide more time for word retrieval maybe one way to reduce disfluencies (Linebaugh, 1984). Management of Neurogenic Stuttering: Self monitoring Whitney & Goldstein (1989) described a self monitoring program they found successful in reducing the disfluencies of 3 mild aphasics. Step 1: Clients listen to tape recordings of their own speech while their clinician points out instance of the target behaviors to them. The purpose is to make them aware of the behaviors they are to self monitor. Step 2: Clients listen other tape samples similar to their own and signal each time they hear the target behavior. If they do not signal an instance within 3 seconds after it occurs, the clinician stops the tape and points it out to them. Step 3: Clients self monitor while performing a speaking task (such as describing a picture). They are told to signal each time they produce a target behavior, the same way they did in STEP2. If they do not do so, the clinician stops them and points out the target behavior using a recording. Step 4: Clients self monitor while performing the speaking tasks used in STEP 3 without the clinician providing feedback and reinforcement. Their performance is recorded and the amount the evince is compared to that in a recording they made before beginning the training program. If there is less of the target behavior in the post than in the pre intervention recording, his would suggest that self monitoring could help decreasing the dysfluencies. They would be then encouraged to use it outside the clinical set up. To determine whether a client would be likely to benefit from the use of this strategy, have him/her speak at very slow rate. If doing so results in slow rate in increased fluency, it is likely that he/she would be befitted from this program. Delayed auditory feedback There is some evidence to suggest that patients with SAAND may show positive response to auditory masking. In 1984, Rentscheker & Colleagues described a 41 yr old man who developed stuttering following drug over dose with chlorazepate dipottasium. Marshall & Starch (1984) used DAF to successfully treat a 32 year old man who developed SAAND after a closed head injury. The DAF was introduced 4 years after the injury occurred. For detailed information about Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) please go through this article ⇒ Different Techniques and Strategies used in Management of Stuttering Auditory Masking Cherry (1956) Found that masking noise can reduce stuttering with using loud masking noise. Masking noise generator unit: hearing aids – tune if/ when blocking or anticipating block. Binaural noise masking at 95dB resulted in fluent speech. With reduced levels of noise intensity, stuttering returned. For detailed information about Auditory Masking please go through this article ⇒ Different Techniques and Strategies used in Management of Stuttering • Another approach is based on the work of kalotkin (1978), who experienced some success in treating 10 developmental stutterers by using biofeedback and relaxation. • In this method electrodes are placed over the masseter muscle bundles, and baseline tension levels are computed for 10 to 20 minutes of conversation and oral reading. • The patient then is instructed in relaxation procedures while provided with visual (lights) and/or auditory (beeps or squeaks) feedback. By lowering the masseter tension levels while talking the patient can turn off the red light and/or sounds. Pacing techniques • Some patients with SAAND may respond to pacing techniques that involve slowing the speech rate and speaking one syllable at a time. • Often however, patients do not respond to instructions for producing slower, paced speech because of an underlying neurological drive to speak at faster rate. • For such patients a pacing device, Helm (1979) first described had six multi colored squares with raised dividers. • The patient was encouraged to tap his/her fore finger from square to square while speaking in a syllable to syllable manner. Pharmacological treatment • There is evidence to suggest that drugs may have either a negative or positive effect on speech disfluency. • A patient was reported by Bartz & Mesulam (1981) in which stuttering associated with head injury and seizures diminished when seizures were brought down under control with phenytocin. • McClean & McClean (1985) reported that their patient with post head injury seizures stuttered when treated with phenytocin but reduced his disfluencies when switched to carbamazepine. These cases suggest that when stuttering occurs in patients with documented or suspected seizures, the choice of antiepileptic agents should be carefully explored. • Drugs that affect the basal ganglia may affect the speech fluency in either a positive or negative direction. Careful, controlled drug trial may establish the correct levels for maintaining fluent speech in some patients. Thalamic stimulation Bhatnagar & Andy (1989) described a 61 yr old man with stuttering associated with a long history of trigeminal pain. A surgical procedure was used to implant a chronic stimulation electrode in left centromedian thalamic muscles for relief of chronic pain through a battery operator stimulator. The patient could self stimulate 3 or 4 times a day for 20 minutes. This resulted in remarkable improvement in speech fluency as well as considerable pain reduction. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation Butler and Curlee (1977) reported the case of a 68 years old woman who experienced a series of minor strokes to both cerebral hemispheres. Severe stuttering occurred after the 5th stroke with a transient left hemiparesis. Trials with a speech pacing board increased her fluency but when an electro-larynx was vibrated against her left hand, movements of stuttering during an oral reading task decreased from 38 to 8. ⇒ STUTTERING An Integrated Approach to Its Nature and Treatment – BARRY GUITAR, PH.D. (Book) ⇒ Stuttering and other fluency disorders – Silverman F.H (Book) ⇒ Stuttering and related disorders of fluency – Curlee F. Richard (Book) You are reading about: Management of Neurogenic Stuttering: Rational, Techniques and Strategies %d bloggers like this:
Question: What Is A Flea Circus? Are there fleas in a flea circus? Some flea circuses may appear to use real fleas, but in fact do not. A variety of electrical, magnetic, and mechanical devices have been used to augment exhibits. In some cases, these mechanisms are responsible for all of the “acts”, with loose fleas in the exhibit maintaining the illusion. Do flea circuses still exist? The only genuine flea circus in the world can be found there and it performs annually at Munich’s Oktoberfest. Who invented the flea circus? The first flea circus is credited to Louis Bertolotto. He opened the ‘Exhibition of the Industrious Fleas ‘ in the 1830s, putting the flea circus on the map, with performances in London, New York, and Canada. His shows reflected the popular culture of the time, with one show even referencing Napoleon! Can you really train fleas? You train fleas by putting them in a jar with a lid on top of it. Fleas jump, so initially they will jump and hit the lid of the jar over and over again. Eventually, they will stop hitting the lid. They have conditioned themselves to jump to a certain height, so they won’t ever jump higher than that. You might be interested: Quick Answer: What Flavor Are Circus Peanuts? Why is it called a flea market? Some say the first time the term “ Flea Market ” was used was about a site in Paris around 1860. The term “ Flea Market ” is translated from the French marche aux puces, which literally means “outdoor bazaar”. How far a flea can jump? Fleas have been known to jump as far as 13 inches, about 200 times their own body length. Why do fleas bite? Adult fleas are parasites that feed on the blood of the host animal by biting and sucking blood. Are fleas intelligent? “You can say in general that fleas and ticks, they’re not very intelligent,” says Srour. “They only have one purpose in life, and that’s to find their host and feed on their blood. They don’t have to do anything sophisticated so they don’t need very high brain functions.” Yeah, screw you, fleas and ticks, you idiots. How big is a flea? Adult fleas are about an eighth of an inch long. They’re reddish-brown and very thin. It’s hard to really see what they look like without a microscope (though it’s easier on a light-colored fur), but they do have big back legs. They can jump, by some measurements, upward and outward at least 12 inches in a single leap. Are circuses real? You might be interested: Readers ask: When Doees The Circus End? Do I have human fleas? Fleas do not live on humans. They generally bite down at the feet, ankles, and legs by jumping from an infested pet or other animal, but it is most likely to be from an infested pet bed. How many fleas are in the world? There are an estimated 2,000 species of fleas worldwide, and more than 300 types are found in the United States. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is the most common domestic flea. Leave a Comment
Photo courtesy of the Pérez Scremini Foundation ▵ Childhood leukemia is a rare disease, being slightly more common in Latin American and Caribbean countries than in Europe. However, the survival of patients is significantly different between both regions. This may be due to medical and non-medical factors: biology, access to healthcare, limited diagnostic resources, lack of research, etc. CLOSER team will work to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of children with leukemia in Latin America, to reduce the survival gap between the two regions. Over the next five years (2019-2023), researchers from Argentina, Austria, Chile, the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and Uruguay will work together in a large international consortium. CLOSER is a public project funded by the European Union. Study the different subtypes of leukemia diagnosed in Latin America and Europe. This information will help to apply risk-directed treatments, minimize undesirable side effects and improve the prognosis of children with leukemia Promote initiatives to simplify diagnostic procedures, making them more affordable, so they can be easily applied in those countries with fewer resources Include a training program to help healthcare professionals develop the required skills in the constantly changing diagnostic technologies Engage patients in research (‘patient empowerment’) to get to know the real needs of the patients, their families and caregivers International Consortium CLOSER project approaches childhood leukemia care in a global and innovative manner, focusing on scientific aspects, but also on socioeconomic, cultural, educational and environmental factors, to improve the survival rate and quality of life of children with leukemia, their families and their caregivers. CLOSER is social!
Authorship of the Sagatha verses Some verses in the Sagathavaggasamyutta, for example in the Nandanavagga, are given without a speaker or place. Can we say with any confidence that they are spoken by the Buddha? Or would that be just an unreasonable guess? Well, ownership of verses is not a straightforward matter, as they are often repeated by more than one speaker. The default position of the traditions would be that where nothing is specified, it is to be attributed to the Buddha. In most cases, that’s clearly the intent of the redactors, too, so it represents the beliefs of the Buddhist community within a century or two of the Buddha’s life. As a rule, I’d assume that it is probably the case, unless there’s reason to think otherwise.
Friday, 25 March 2011 05:41 Whole-Body Vibration Written By: Griffin, Michael J., Seidel, Helmut Rate this item (2 votes) Occupational Exposure Occupational exposures to whole-body vibration mainly occur in transport but also in association with some industrial processes. Land, sea and air transport can all produce vibration that can cause discomfort, interfere with activities or cause injury. Table 1 lists some environments which may be most likely to be associated with a health risk. Table 1. Activities for which it may be appropriate to warn of the adverse effects of whole-body vibration Tractor driving Armoured fighting vehicles (e.g., tanks) and similar vehicles Other off-road vehicles: Earth-moving machinery—loaders, excavators, bulldozers, graders, • scrapers, dumpers, rollers • Forest machines • Mine and quarry equipment • Forklift trucks Some truck driving (articulated and non-articulated) Some bus and tram driving Some helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft flying Some workers with concrete production machinery Some railway drivers Some use of high-speed marine craft Some motor bicycle riding Some car and van driving Some sports activities Some other industrial equipment Source: Adapted from Griffin 1990. The most common exposure to severe vibration and shocks may occur on off-road vehicles, including earth moving machinery, industrial trucks and agricultural tractors. Like all mechanical structures, the human body has resonance frequencies where the body exhibits a maximum mechanical response. Human responses to vibration cannot be explained solely in terms of a single resonance frequency. There are many resonances in the body, and the resonance frequencies vary among people and with posture. Two mechanical responses of the body are often used to describe the manner in which vibration causes the body to move: transmissibility and impedance. The transmissibility shows the fraction of the vibration which is transmitted from, say, the seat to the head. The transmissibility of the body is highly dependent on vibration frequency, vibration axis and body posture. Vertical vibration on a seat causes vibration in several axes at the head; for vertical head motion, the transmissibility tends to be greatest in the approximate range of 3 to 10 Hz. The mechanical impedance of the body shows the force that is required to make the body move at each frequency. Although the impedance depends on body mass, the vertical impedance of the human body usually shows a resonance at about 5 Hz. The mechanical impedance of the body, including this resonance, has a large effect on the manner in which vibration is transmitted through seats. Acute Effects The discomfort caused by vibration acceleration depends on the vibration frequency, the vibration direction, the point of contact with the body, and the duration of vibration exposure. For vertical vibration of seated persons, the vibration discomfort caused by any frequency increases in proportion to the vibration magnitude: a halving of the vibration will tend to halve the vibration discomfort. The discomfort produced by vibration may be predicted by the use of appropriate frequency weightings (see below) and described by a semantic scale of discomfort. There are no useful limits for vibration discomfort: the acceptable discomfort varies from one environment to another. Acceptable magnitudes of vibration in buildings are close to vibration perception thresholds. The effects on humans of vibration in buildings are assumed to depend on the use of the building in addition to the vibration frequency, direction and duration. Guidance on the evaluation of building vibration is given in various standards such as British Standard 6472 (1992) which defines a procedure for the evaluation of both vibration and shock in buildings. Activity interference Vibration can impair the acquisition of information (e.g., by the eyes), the output of information (e.g., by hand or foot movements) or the complex central processes that relate input to output (e.g., learning, memory, decision-making). The greatest effects of whole-body vibration are on input processes (mainly vision) and output processes (mainly continuous hand control). Effects of vibration on vision and manual control are primarily caused by the movement of the affected part of the body (i.e., eye or hand). The effects may be decreased by reducing the transmission of vibration to the eye or to the hand, or by making the task less susceptible to disturbance (e.g., increasing the size of a display or reducing the sensitivity of a control). Often, the effects of vibration on vision and manual control can be much reduced by redesign of the task. Simple cognitive tasks (e.g., simple reaction time) appear to be unaffected by vibration, other than by changes in arousal or motivation or by direct effects on input and output processes. This may also be true for some complex cognitive tasks. However, the sparsity and diversity of experimental studies does not exclude the possibility of real and significant cognitive effects of vibration. Vibration may influence fatigue, but there is little relevant scientific evidence, and none which supports the complex form of the “fatigue-decreased proficiency limit” offered in International Standard 2631 (ISO 1974, 1985). Changes in Physiological Functions Changes in physiological functions occur when subjects are exposed to a novel whole-body vibration environment in laboratory conditions. Changes typical of a “startle response” (e.g., increased heart rate) normalize quickly with continuing exposure, whereas other reactions either proceed or develop gradually. The latter can depend on all characteristics of vibration including the axis, the magnitude of acceleration, and the kind of vibration (sinusoidal or random), as well as on further variables such as circadian rhythm and characteristics of the subjects (see Hasan 1970; Seidel 1975; Dupuis and Zerlett 1986). Changes of physiological functions under field conditions often cannot be related to vibration directly, since vibration is often acting together with other significant factors, such as high mental strain, noise and toxic substances. Physiological changes are frequently less sensitive than psychological reactions (e.g., discomfort). If all available data on persistent physiological changes are summarized with respect to their first significant appearance depending on the magnitude and frequency of whole-body vibration, there is a boundary with a lower border around 0.7 m/s2 r.m.s. between 1 and 10 Hz, and rising up to 30 m/s2 r.m.s. at 100 Hz. Many animal studies have been performed, but their relevance to humans is doubtful. Neuromuscular changes During active natural motion, motor control mechanisms act as a feed-forward control that is constantly adjusted by additional feedback from sensors in muscles, tendons and joints. Whole-body vibration causes a passive artificial motion of the human body, a condition that is fundamentally different from the self-induced vibration caused by locomotion. The missing feed-forward control during whole-body vibration is the most distinct change of the normal physiological function of the neuromuscular system. The broader frequency range associated with whole-body vibration (between 0.5 and 100 Hz) compared to that for natural motion (between 2 and 8 Hz for voluntary movements, and below 4 Hz for locomotion) is a further difference that helps to explain reactions of the neuromuscular control mechanisms at very low and at high frequencies. Whole-body vibration and transient acceleration cause an acceleration-related alternating activity in the electromyogram (EMG) of superficial back muscles of seated persons that requires a tonic contraction to be maintained. This activity is supposed to be of a reflex-like nature. It usually disappears completely if the vibrated subjects sit relaxed in a bent position. The timing of muscle activity depends on the frequency and magnitude of acceleration. Electromyographic data suggest that an increased spinal load can occur due to reduced muscular stabilization of the spine at frequencies from 6.5 to 8 Hz and during the initial phase of a sudden upward displacement. In spite of weak EMG activity caused by whole-body vibration, back muscle fatigue during vibration exposure can exceed that observed in normal sitting postures without whole-body vibration. Tendon reflexes may be diminished or disappear temporarily during exposure to sinusoidal whole-body vibration at frequencies above 10 Hz. Minor changes of postural control after exposure to whole-body vibration are quite variable, and their mechanisms and practical significance are not certain. Cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and metabolic changes The observed changes persisting during exposure to vibration have been compared to those during moderate physical work (i.e., increases of heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen consumption) even at a vibration magnitude near to the limit of voluntary tolerance. The increased ventilation is partially caused by oscillations of the air in the respiratory system. Respiratory and metabolic changes may not correspond, possibly suggesting a disturbance of the respiration control mechanisms. Various and partially contradictory findings have been reported for changes of the adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) and catecholamines. Sensory and central nervous changes Changes of vestibular function due to whole-body vibration have been claimed on the basis of an affected regulation of posture, although posture is controlled by a very complex system in which a disturbed vestibular function can be largely compensated by other mechanisms. Changes of the vestibular function seem to gain significance for exposures with very low frequencies or those near the resonance of the whole body. A sensory mismatch between vestibular, visual and proprioceptive (stimuli received within the tissues) information is supposed to be an important mechanism underlying physiological responses to some artificial motion environments. Experiments with short-term and prolonged combined exposures to noise and whole-body vibration, seem to suggest that vibration has a minor synergistic effect on hearing. As a tendency, high intensities of whole-body vibration at 4 or 5 Hz were associated with higher additional temporary threshold shifts (TTS). There was no obvious relation between the additional TTS and exposure time. The additional TTS seemed to increase with higher doses of whole-body vibration. Impulsive vertical and horizontal vibrations evoke brain potentials. Changes of the function of the human central nervous system have also been detected using auditory evoked brain potentials (Seidel et al. 1992). The effects were influenced by other environmental factors (e.g., noise), the difficulty of the task, and by the internal state of the subject (e.g., arousal, degree of attention towards the stimulus). Long-Term Effects Spinal health risk Epidemiological studies have frequently indicated an elevated health risk for the spine in workers exposed for many years to intense whole-body vibration (e.g., work on tractors or earth-moving machines). Critical surveys of the literature have been prepared by Seidel and Heide (1986), Dupuis and Zerlett (1986) and Bongers and Boshuizen (1990). These reviews concluded that intense long-term whole-body vibration can adversely affect the spine and can increase the risk of low-back pain. The latter may be a secondary consequence of a primary degenerative change of the vertebrae and disks. The lumbar part of the vertebral column was found to be the most frequently affected region, followed by the thoracic region. A high rate of impairments of the cervical part, reported by several authors, seems to be caused by a fixed unfavourable posture rather than by vibration, although there is no conclusive evidence for this hypothesis. Only a few studies have considered the function of back muscles and found a muscular insufficiency. Some reports have indicated a significantly higher risk of the dislocation of lumbar disks. In several cross-sectional studies Bongers and Boshuizen (1990) found more low-back pain in drivers and helicopter pilots than in comparable reference workers. They concluded that professional vehicle driving and helicopter flying are important risk factors for low-back pain and back disorder. An increase in disability pensioning and long-term sick leave due to intervertebral disc disorders was observed among crane operators and tractor drivers. Due to incomplete or missing data on exposure conditions in epidemiological studies, exact exposure-effect relationships have not been obtained. The existing data do not permit the substantiation of a no-adverse-effect level (i.e., safe limit) so as to reliably prevent diseases of the spine. Many years of exposure below or near the exposure limit of the current International Standard 2631 (ISO 1985) are not without risk. Some findings have indicated an increasing health risk with increased duration of exposure, although selection processes have made it difficult to detect a relation in the majority of studies. Thus, a dose-effect relationship cannot currently be established by epidemiological investigations. Theoretical considerations suggest marked detrimental effects of high peak loads acting on the spine during exposures with high transients. The use of an “energy equivalent” method to calculate a vibration dose (as in International Standard 2631 (ISO 1985)) is therefore questionable for exposures to whole-body vibration containing high peak accelerations. Different long-term effects of whole-body vibration depending on the vibration frequency have not been derived from epidemiological studies. Whole-body vibration at 40 to 50 Hz applied to standing workers through the feet was followed by degenerative changes of the bones of the feet. In general, differences between subjects have been largely neglected, although selection phenomena suggest they may be of major importance. There are no clear data showing whether the effects of whole-body vibration on the spine depend on gender. The general acceptance of degenerative disorders of the spine as an occupational disease is debated. Specific diagnostic features are not known which would permit a reliable diagnosis of the disorder as an outcome of exposure to whole-body vibration. A high prevalence of degenerative spinal disorders in non-exposed populations hinders the assumption of a predominantly occupational aetiology in individuals exposed to whole-body vibration. Individual constitutional risk factors that might modify vibration-induced strain are unknown. The use of a minimal intensity and/or a minimal duration of whole-body vibration as a prerequisite for the recognition of an occupational disease would not take into account the expected considerable variability in individual susceptibility. Other health risks Epidemiological studies suggest that whole-body vibration is one factor within a causative set of factors which contribute to other health risks. Noise, high mental strain and shift work are examples of important concomitant factors which are known to be associated with health disorders. The results of investigations into disorders of other bodily systems have often been divergent or have indicated a paradoxical dependence of the prevalence of pathology on the magnitude of whole-body vibration (i.e., a higher prevalence of adverse effects with a lower intensity). A characteristic complex of symptoms and pathological changes of the central nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the circulatory system has been observed in workers standing on machines used for the vibro-compression of concrete and exposed to whole-body vibration beyond the exposure limit of ISO 2631 with frequencies above 40 Hz (Rumjancev 1966). This complex was designated as “vibration disease”. Although rejected by many specialists, the same term has sometimes been used to describe a vague clinical picture caused by long-term exposure to low-frequency whole-body vibration which, allegedly, is manifested initially as peripheral and cerebral vegeto-vascular disorders with a non-specific functional character. Based on the available data it can be concluded that different physiological systems react independently of one another and that there are no symptoms which might serve as an indicator of pathology induced by whole-body vibration. Nervous system, vestibular organ and hearing. Intense whole-body vibration at frequencies higher than 40 Hz can cause damage and disturbances of the central nervous system. Conflicting data have been reported on effects of whole-body vibration at frequencies below 20 Hz. In some studies only, an increase of non-specific complaints such as headache and increased irritability has been found. Disturbances of the electroencephalogram (EEG) after long-term exposure to whole-body vibration have been claimed by one author and denied by others. Some published results are consistent with a decreased vestibular excitability and a higher incidence of other vestibular disturbances, including dizziness. However, it remains doubtful whether there are causal links between whole-body vibration and changes in the central nervous system or vestibular system because paradoxical intensity-effect relationships were detected. In some studies, an additional increase of the permanent threshold shifts (PTS) of hearing has been observed after a combined long-term exposure to whole-body vibration and noise. Schmidt (1987) studied drivers and technicians in agriculture and compared the permanent threshold shifts after 3 and 25 years on the job. He concluded that whole-body vibration can induce an additional significant threshold shift at 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz, if the weighted acceleration according to International Standard 2631 (ISO 1985) exceeds 1.2 m/s2 r.m.s. with a simultaneous exposure to noise at an equivalent level of more than 80 decibels (dBA). Circulatory and digestive systems. Four main groups of circulatory disturbances have been detected with a higher incidence among workers exposed to whole-body vibration: 1. peripheral disorders, such as the Raynaud-syndrome, near to the site of application of whole-body vibration (i.e., the feet of standing workers or, with a low degree only, the hands of drivers) 2. varicose veins of the legs, haemorrhoids and varicocele 3. ischaemic heart disease and hypertension 4. neurovascular changes. The morbidity of these circulatory disturbances did not always correlate with the magnitude or duration of vibration exposure. Although a high prevalence of various disorders of the digestive system has often been observed, almost all authors agree that whole-body vibration is but one cause and possibly not the most important. Female reproductive organs, pregnancy and male urogenital system. Increased risks of abortions, menstrual disturbances and anomalies of positions (e.g., uterine descent) have been assumed to be associated with long-term exposure to whole-body vibration (see Seidel and Heide 1986). A safe exposure limit in order to avoid a higher risk for these health risks cannot be derived from the literature. The individual susceptibility and its temporal changes probably co-determine these biological effects. In the available literature, a harmful direct effect of whole-body vibration on the human foetus has not been reported, although some animal studies suggest that whole-body vibration can affect the foetus. The unknown threshold value for adverse effects on pregnancy suggests a limitation on an occupational exposure to the lowest reasonable extent. Divergent results have been published for the occurrence of diseases of the male urogenital system. In some studies, a higher incidence of prostatitis was observed. Other studies could not confirm these findings. No precise limit can be offered to prevent disorders caused by whole-body vibration, but standards define useful methods of quantifying vibration severity. International Standard 2631 (ISO 1974, 1985) defined exposure limits (see figure 1) which were “set at approximately half the level considered to be the threshold of pain (or limit of voluntary tolerance) for healthy human subjects ”. Also shown in figure 1 is a vibration dose value action level for vertical vibration derived from British Standard 6841 (BSI 1987b); this standard is, in part, similar to a draft revision of the International Standard. Figure 1. Frequency dependencies for human response to whole-body vibration The vibration dose value can be considered to be the magnitude of a one-second duration of vibration which will be equally severe to the measured vibration. The vibration dose value uses a fourth-power time dependency to accumulate vibration severity over the exposure period from the shortest possible shock to a full day of vibration (e.g., BSI 6841): Vibration dose value = The vibration dose value procedure can be used to evaluate the severity of both vibration and repetitive shocks. This fourth-power time dependency is simpler to use than the time dependency in ISO 2631 (see figure 2). Figure 2. Time dependencies for human response to a whole-body vibration British Standard 6841 offers the following guidance. High vibration dose values will cause severe discomfort, pain and injury. Vibration dose values also indicate, in a general way, the severity of the vibration exposures which caused them. However there is currently no consensus of opinion on the precise relation between vibration dose values and the risk of injury. It is known that vibration magnitudes and durations which produce vibration dose values in the region of 15 m/s1.75 will usually cause severe discomfort. It is reasonable to assume that increased exposure to vibration will be accompanied by increased risk of injury (BSI 1987b). At high vibration dose values, prior consideration of the fitness of the exposed persons and the design of adequate safety precautions may be required. The need for regular checks on the health of routinely exposed persons may also be considered. The vibration dose value provides a measure by which highly variable and complex exposures can be compared. Organizations may specify limits or action levels using the vibration dose value. For example, in some countries, a vibration dose value of 15 m/s1.75 has been used as a tentative action level, but it may be appropriate to limit vibration or repeated shock exposures to higher or lower values depending on the situation. With current understanding, an action level merely serves to indicate the approximate values that might be excessive. Figure 2 illustrates the root-mean-square accelerations corresponding to a vibration dose value of 15 m/s1.75 for exposures between one second and 24 hours. Any exposure to continuous vibration, intermittent vibration, or repeated shock may be compared with the action level by calculating the vibration dose value. It would be unwise to exceed an appropriate action level (or the exposure limit in ISO 2631) without consideration of the possible health effects of an exposure to vibration or shock. The Machinery Safety Directive of the European Economic Community states that machinery must be designed and constructed so that hazards resulting from vibration produced by the machinery are reduced to the lowest practicable level, taking into account technical progress and the availability of means of reducing vibration. The Machinery Safety Directive (Council of the European Communities 1989) encourages the reduction of vibration by means additional to reduction at source (e.g., good seating). Measurement and Evaluation of Exposure Whole-body vibration should be measured at the interfaces between the body and the source of vibration. For seated persons this involves the placement of accelerometers on the seat surface beneath the ischial tuberosities of subjects. Vibration is also sometimes measured at the seat back (between the backrest and the back) and also at the feet and hands (see figure 3). Figure 3. Axes for measuring vibration exposures of seated persons Epidemiological data alone are not sufficient to define how to evaluate whole-body vibration so as to predict the relative risks to health from the different types of vibration exposure. A consideration of epidemiological data in combination with an understanding of biodynamic responses and subjective responses is used to provide current guidance. The manner in which the health effects of oscillatory motions depend upon the frequency, direction and duration of motion is currently assumed to be the same as, or similar to, that for vibration discomfort. However, it is assumed that the total exposure, rather than the average exposure, is important, and so a dose measure is appropriate. In addition to evaluating the measured vibration according to current standards, it is advisable to report the frequency spectra, magnitudes in different axes and other characteristics of the exposure, including the daily and lifetime exposure durations. The presence of other adverse environmental factors, especially sitting posture, should also be considered. Wherever possible, reduction of vibration at the source is to be preferred. This may involve reducing the undulations of the terrain or reducing the speed of travel of vehicles. Other methods of reducing the transmission of vibration to operators require an understanding of the characteristics of the vibration environment and the route for the transmission of vibration to the body. For example, the magnitude of vibration often varies with location: lower magnitudes will be experienced in some areas. Table 2 lists some preventive measures that may be considered. Table 2. Summary of preventive measures to consider when persons are exposed to whole-body vibration Seek technical advice Seek medical advice Warn exposed persons Train exposed persons Review exposure times Have policy on removal from exposure Machine manufacturers Measure vibration Design to minimize whole-body vibration Optimize suspension design Optimize seating dynamics Use ergonomic design to provide good posture etc. Provide guidance on machine maintenance Provide guidance on seat maintenance Provide warning of dangerous vibration Technical-at workplace Measure vibration exposure Provide appropriate machines Select seats with good attenuation Maintain machines Inform management Pre-employment screening Routine medical checks Record all signs and reported symptoms Warn workers with apparent predisposition Advise on consequences of exposure Inform management Exposed persons Use machine properly Avoid unnecessary vibration exposure Check seat is properly adjusted Adopt good sitting posture Check condition of machine Inform supervisor of vibration problems Seek medical advice if symptoms appear Inform employer of relevant disorders Source: Adapted from Griffin 1990. Seats can be designed to attenuate vibration. Most seats exhibit a resonance at low frequencies, which results in higher magnitudes of vertical vibration occurring on the seat than on the floor! At high frequencies there is usually attenuation of vibration. In use, the resonance frequencies of common seats are in the region of 4 Hz. The amplification at resonance is partially determined by the damping in the seat. An increase in the damping of the seat cushioning tends to reduce the amplification at resonance but increase the transmissibility at high frequencies. There are large variations in transmissibility between seats, and these result in significant differences in the vibration experienced by people. A simple numerical indication of the isolation efficiency of a seat for a specific application is provided by the seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) (see Griffin 1990). A SEAT value greater than 100% indicates that, overall, the vibration on the seat is worse than the vibration on the floor. Values below 100% indicate that the seat has provided some useful attenuation. Seats should be designed to have the lowest SEAT value compatible with other constraints. A separate suspension mechanism is provided beneath the seat pan in suspension seats. These seats, used in some off-road vehicles, trucks and coaches, have low resonance frequencies (around 2 Hz) and so can attenuate vibration at frequencies above about 3 Hz. The transmissibilities of these seats are usually determined by the seat manufacturer, but their isolation efficiencies vary with operating conditions. Read 15168 times Last modified on Thursday, 13 October 2011 21:31 Part I. The Body Part II. Health Care Part III. Management & Policy Part IV. Tools and Approaches Part V. Psychosocial and Organizational Factors Part VI. General Hazards Barometric Pressure Increased Barometric Pressure Reduced Biological Hazards Disasters, Natural and Technological Heat and Cold Hours of Work Indoor Air Quality Indoor Environmental Control Radiation: Ionizing Radiation: Non-Ionizing Visual Display Units Part VII. The Environment Part VIII. Accidents and Safety Management Part IX. Chemicals Part X. Industries Based on Biological Resources Part XI. Industries Based on Natural Resources Part XII. Chemical Industries Part XIII. Manufacturing Industries Part XIV. Textile and Apparel Industries Part XV. Transport Industries Part XVI. Construction Part XVII. Services and Trade Part XVIII. Guides Vibration References Alexander, SJ, M Cotzin, JB Klee, and GR Wendt. 1947. Studies of motion sickness XVI: The effects upon sickness rates of waves and various frequencies but identical acceleration. J Exp Psy 37:440-447. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 1992. Hand-arm (segmental) vibration. In Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposures Indices for 1992-1993. Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH. Bongers, PM and HC Boshuizen. 1990. Back Disorders and Whole-Body Vibration at Work. Thesis. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. British Standards Institution (BSI). 1987a. Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand. BS 6842. London: BSI. —. 1987b. Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Mechanical Vibration and Repeated Shock. BS 6841. London: BSI. Council of the European Communities (CEC). 1989. Council Directive of 14 June 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery. Off J Eur Communities L 183:9-32. Council of the European Union. 1994. Amended proposal for a Council Directive on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents. Off J Eur Communities C230 (19 August):3-29. Dupuis, H and G Zerlett. 1986. The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Griffin, MJ. 1990. Handbook of Human Vibration. London: Academic Press. Hamilton, A. 1918. A Study of Spastic Anemia in the Hands of Stonecutters. Industrial Accidents and Hygiene Series no. 19. Bulletin No. 236. Washington, DC: Department of Labor Statistics. Hasan, J. 1970. Biomedical aspects of low-frequency vibration. Work Environ Health 6(1):19-45. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 1974. Guide for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration. Geneva: ISO. —. 1985. Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration. Part 1: General Requirements. ISO 2631/1. Geneva: ISO. —. 1986. Mechanical Vibration-Guidelines for the Measurement and the Assessment of Human Exposure to Hand-Transmitted Vibration. ISO 5349. Geneva: ISO. —. 1988. Hand-Held Portable Power Tools - Measurement of Vibrations at the Handle. Part 1: General. ISO 8662/1. Geneva: ISO. ISSA International Section for Research. 1989. Vibration At Work. Paris: INRS. Lawther, A and MJ Griffin. 1986. Prediction of the incidence of motion sickness from the magnitude, frequency and duration of vertical oscillation. J Acoust Soc Am 82:957-966. McCauley, ME, JW Royal, CD Wilie, JF O’Hanlon, and RR Mackie. 1976. Motion Sickness Incidence: Exploratory Studies of Habituation Pitch and Roll, and the Refinement of a Mathematical Model. Technical Report No. 1732-2. Golets, Calif: Human Factors Research. Rumjancev, GI. 1966. Gigiena truda v proizvodstve sbornogo shelezobetona [Occupational hygiene in the production of reinforced concrete]. Medicina (Moscow):1-128. Schmidt, M. 1987. Die gemeinsame Einwirkung von Lärm und Ganzkörpervibration und deren Auswirkungen auf den Höverlust bei Agrotechnikern. Dissertation A. Halle, Germany: Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität. Seidel, H. 1975. Systematische Darstellung physiologischer Reaktionen auf Ganzkörperschwingungen in vertikaler Richtung (Z-Achse) zur Ermittlung von biologischen Bewertungsparametern. Ergonom Berichte 15:18-39. Seidel, H and R Heide. 1986. Long-term effects of whole-body vibration: A critical survey of the literature. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 58:1-26. Seidel, H, R Blüthner, J Martin, G Menzel, R Panuska, and P Ullsperger. 1992. Effects of isolated and combined exposures to whole-body vibration and noise on auditory-event related brain potentials and psychophysical assessment. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Phys 65:376-382. Stockholm Workshop 86. 1987. Symptomatology and diagnostic methods in the hand-arm vibration syndrome. Scand J Work Environ Health 13:271-388.
Weekly Reflection How to write a Reflection • Revised: 2022-03-31 1. In your lab reflection, write about what you have learned this week. 2. What new skills do you have, what new historical knowledge, or what metacgnition (learning how to learn) have you developed? 3. Evaluate your own work for the week. Did you produce strong work? If so, of what are you specificaly proud? If not, why not? 4. What questions did this week raise for you about the past? 5. How might you use what you learned this week in your career? 6. How is life, work, or family supporting or challenging your learning? 7. Have you seen an example in the news this week that relates to your learning? What was it and how did it connect to your learning? 8. What feedback would you like to give the group who created this week's Assignment? Your feedback could be contstructive critique, congratulations on a job well done, sharing of information you think they might find interesting, or sharing a question the assignment sparked in you. Feedback will be shared, anonymously with the Assignment team. 9. If you are the assignment team, which team members did you feel contributed to your Assignment and Prepare at an appropriate level? An appropriate level is one that helped you complete the work on time and with attention to the requirements. An appropriate level is not necessarily as good a project as you wish. Your reflection should be a paragraph written in complete sentences, with standard punctuation, capitalization. Answer the questions that are most important to you each week, not all the questions. Good faith efforts will receive full credit. Short or unedited reflections will receive no credit. Consider this model: The Prepare questions really challenged me to review my notes from this week's readings. I thought I had taken good notes, but my notes were so uncomplicated that I found myself rereading a ton of the sources. That took more time than I wanted it to. Fortunately, with all my work on the Prepare document, the Assignment work I found in line with my expectations. Like the Han dynasty, I think a lot about road conditions because I live on a street with terrible potholes. Mapping poor road conditions with GIS wasn't something I had considered before, but I know MN DOT does that, so it makes sense previous governments did as well. I wonder how much road conditions in ancient China were influenced by the dynastic government how much by local governments? My dream job is working for a state department of natural resources, and most dnrs use GIS, so I'm glad I learned it. I'm continue to really stressed about COVID, but I'm grateful all my classmates are wearing their masks over their noses.
Does tourism brings mainly positive or negative things to a country? Is tourism good or bad for a country? Tourism is vital for the success of many economies around the world. There are several benefits of tourism on host destinations. Tourism boosts the revenue of the economy, creates thousands of jobs, develops the infrastructures of a country, and plants a sense of cultural exchange between foreigners and citizens. How can tourism have both positive and negative effects? There are both positive and negative effects on communities related to the economic impacts of tourism in their communities. A positive impact can refer to the increase in jobs, a higher quality of life for locals, and an increase in wealth of an area. How does tourism benefit a country? There are a number of benefits of tourism for both the tourist and the host destination. … Tourism generated income can be used on a national and local level to better education, improve infrastructure, to fund conservation efforts, and to promote more responsible tourism. What are the negative impacts of tourism in a country’s culture? Among the most prominent negative effects of tourism are exploitation of cultural resources, environmental degradation, and considerable socio-cultural related impacts. THIS IS IMPRESSING: Frequent question: How much do remote travel agents make? Is tourism good or bad Why? There are many things wrong with tourism in today’s society. … Tourism can in fact teach better than almost any book, but the negative effects of tourism can out way the benefits. Tourism commodifies the culture, affects the environment, and can overlook or change the indigenous culture of a place (Tang). What are the negative effects of tourism? What are the positive effects of tourism in the economy? At the level of the local economy, Milheiro [27] highlights the following positive impacts of tourism: attracting investment, additional regional income, employment growth and the multiplier effect on tourism in job creation; improving the standard of living of residents; aid for agricultural development; increasing … How can tourism have a positive impact on the environment? Tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. How does tourism affect the environment positively? In a number of destinations, tourism helps to ensure higher water quality and better protection of nature and local natural resources. It can generate additional resources to invest in environmental infrastructures and services. THIS IS IMPRESSING: What do you call woman who is sexually attractive? Why is tourism bad for developing countries? Tourism is notoriously problematic for some developing destinations as it diverts often scarce water and energy resources from the host community to the tourist (as they have more money). … Further, waste is often dispersed within the “poor” local communities. What are the advantages and disadvantages of tourism essay? To conclude, although tourism can have certain negative effects like destructive impact and growth of crime rate, it has an extremely positive influence on country’s economy and provides a large number of new jobs for the local people. I believe that these benefits of tourism outweigh its drawbacks.
Python small game code Small games in python It would be fair then to start with what a video game is and how it is made up. For your sanity and mine, let’s define video game as software that implements a game, and a game is an activity with players, a well-defined goal, and set rules that players must follow. Then, a video game consists of two important parts: code and resources (data). “But, Ciro, this is also how any program is formed LOL”, and in principle it is so, but in this case the goal of video games is much more subtle: both parts are strongly integrated and oriented to offer the player an experience. Then, the video game code is in charge of controlling the hardware of the machine (be it PC, Mac, console or cell phone), of interpreting the player’s input, and of setting the rules of the game. The interpretation of the input can be something as simple as keystrokes on a keyboard, the movement of a mouse, or more complicated things like the movement of a WiiMote, the interactions of a tablet, or anything that can be translated into electronic impulses. See also How to enter game pass code Gears of war 4 Let’s imagine that we are going to make a breakout style game (the game of breaking blocks with a ball) for the ICT subject of the 2nd year of high school. Let’s explain how we can organize our program using Sprites to create the objects of the game. We will not create animated sprites, but we will use them anyway, since they bring functions that make our life much easier in terms of interaction between objects, especially when there are many of them. Our Breakout game will look like this: On the other hand we can have a completely separate set of groups called group_blocks to control player interaction or movement. This way, I can check for collisions between the Ball object and the group group_blocks. Objects collide with each other, either to bounce or to break. These collisions are called collisions.pygame.sprite module contains several collision functions. Thanks to them we can know which sprites within various groups collide with each other in the game. Send comments Python is known as one of the most flexible and easy programming languages for beginners. But while Python has a fantastic onboarding experience for even the least experienced new programmers, it’s actually more confusing to treat it any other way. Python is so flexible that it’s not immediately clear what you can do with it. See also Titanfall game code xbox one Having said that, those used to more full-featured game engines and IDEs like Unity may find Pygame a bit basic – you won’t find built-in physics or a fancy drag-and-drop interface here! But while this may increase the amount of work for you as a developer, it also frees you to use your imagination and approach your game project completely from scratch. Pygame was written by Pete Shinners and was released in 2000. Since then it has been a community project and is currently released under the free GNU Lesser open source software. General Public License. Hangman game code in python A video game programming language, scripting language, or code, is the system that video game programmers use to shape the configuration and mechanics of a game. In other words, it is the machinery that makes a game work in a certain way. In this sense, each programming language used in video games has specific objectives and is used for a reason. The different codes have a different syntax and are more efficient to perform certain tasks. See also Cookie Run Kingdom Promo Codes [Latest] January 2022 However, many programming languages overlap and are compatible with each other, each contributing to the overall game experience. For this reason, it is not uncommon for programmers, in the development of certain games, to use several of the languages that we are going to mention in the following sections. In addition, not always the same amount of memory or the same level of interactivity is needed in a game, so you can economize by using languages to program video games that are much simpler.
The Benefits of adopting a Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) Reading Time: < 1 minute What is SOA? And why should you care? Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a powerful approach to software design that drives agility, flexibility and growth. SOA is essentially an approach to internal application development that promotes creating components called services (discrete or small units of software) for a specific function and can be reused in any application. In an SOA model, developers create new applications by arranging a collection of services, instead of developing an entire application. For example, a game on your phone might require a GPS, so it uses the inbuilt GPS functions of the device. MakeSense helps you adopt an “integration design first,” thinking approach, breaking down applications into foundational building blocks, and designing solutions using a hybrid combination of SOA principles, microservices and integration technologies. Join the conversation on LinkedIn Let’s get started. Reach out to us for a conversation! Fill in the form below and we will get back to you
British scientists recommend we need to triple our daily vitamin D intake British scientists recommend we need to triple our daily vitamin D intake Credit: University of Sheffield Scientists have warned we need to triple our daily vitamin D intake to maintain healthy bones in a new report issued to the government today (Thursday 21 July 2016). The new recommendation, made by the Science Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN), comes after a five year review which revealed one in five people in the UK have insufficient D levels. The human body makes most of its vitamin D from direct sunlight on the skin but we also get a small amount from some foods, including , such as salmon, eggs and foods to which vitamin D has been added, like some cereals and fat spreads. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium– which is vital to maintain healthy bones and teeth. A lack of this vitamin can lead to a number of serious conditions including rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, which cause bones to soften, weaken and in some cases become deformed. Other diseases such as diabetes and cancer have also been linked with low vitamin D but the evidence is still not strong. The review, chaired by Professor Hilary Powers from the Department of Oncology and Metabolism at the University of Sheffield, concluded that in order to protect bone and muscle health, everyone over one year of age needs 10micrograms (10ug) vitamin D daily. Groups most at risk of vitamin D deficiency include: • People who don't spend a lot of time outdoors - such as the elderly • Ethnic minority groups with darker skin, which doesn't make vitamin D as easily • Those who cover their skin for religious and cultural reasons • People in occupations with limited sunlight exposure – such as night shift workers Professor Powers, an expert in Human Nutrition, said: "If the recommendations are followed this should reduce the risk of bone disease in the UK population. "The review concluded that to protect bone and muscle health people should achieve a blood concentration of vitamin D of 25nmol/L all the year round. "Until now it has been assumed that sunlight would provide the vitamin D needed by most of the population all the year round. We now know this is not true because about one in five people in the UK have a low blood level of vitamin D." The SACN have recommended that in order to achieve this blood level people in the UK need 10ug vitamin D daily. However, the average intake of vitamin D from food and supplements is only about 3ug. "There are very few foods that contain a good source of vitamin D so it is very important to ensure we include a variety of oily fish (such as tuna, salmon and sardines), eggs and certain fortified breakfast cereals in our diets. "In the 1950s after World War II the government issued a dose of cod liver oil to children every day to supplement their diets with a good source of vitamin D, but it was later thought to be unnecessary." "The government now needs to look at the evidence and recommendations in the report and consider a strategy to help people in the UK increase their vitamin D intake." Explore further Research shines light on lesser known form of vitamin D in foods Citation: British scientists recommend we need to triple our daily vitamin D intake (2016, July 21) retrieved 8 August 2022 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-07-british-scientists-triple-daily-vitamin.html Feedback to editors
For Venezuela’s Bolivarians, victory even in defeat What preceded this 17-year Bolivarian era? A corrupt power-sharing electoral machine (resulting from the Punto Fijo Pact, signed by the country’s main political parties and effectively keeping them in power) ruled Venezuela after a period of dictatorship ended in 1958. From 1958 to 1998, Punto Fijo administered poverty for the population, enforcing it through limiting press freedom, police violence, and even state-sponsored murder and disappearances. I went to a very moving event in Caracas in 2004 in which survivors of the “dirty war” of the 1960s and 1970s commemorated their lost loved ones. The beginning of the end for Punto Fijo was the 1989 riots — known as Caracazo — that were sparked when people woke up to doubled bus fares. The army was called. Hundreds of people were killed. In 1992, a group of army officers, among them Hugo Chavez, tried to overthrow Punto Fijo. When the coup failed, Chavez went on television to call on the soldiers to stand down, took responsibility, and went to jail. When he got out, he advocated an electoral and constitutional path to change. Twenty successful elections later, the Bolivarians have lost the legislature. Why did they lose? From 2008 on, and especially since the oil price drop in 2014, Venezuela’s oil-dependent economy suffered, as did the Bolivarian social programs and the people that benefited from them. Macroeconomic mistakes by the government in an already difficult situation fed the black market in dollars and the smuggling economy (see analysis by Greg Wilpert), which led to major suffering, frustration and a loss of support for the government. Continuing problems of corruption within the state, as well as crime, also hurt. Both of these problems preceded the Bolivarians, but the revolution was not successful enough in dealing with them. The opposition earned points campaigning on both. The Bolivarians accomplished much since arriving on the scene. Massive barriers to health care and education were removed. Social services were built where there had been none. Before it became the target of smugglers, a program guaranteeing affordable prices for staple grocery and other items was very successful. But here is the Bolivarian accomplishment to celebrate after Dec. 6: The opposition, who look nostalgically on the days of Punto Fijo, were only able to win by using the fair electoral system and constitution established by the Bolivarians. The opposition had tried a military coup in 2002. They had tried a national strike and sabotage of the country’s oil infrastructure from 2002 to 2003. They tried a recall referendum in 2004 and made false claims of fraud when they lost. They tried sabre-rattling and foreign threats. They tried skirmishes on the border with Colombia, and they tried infiltrating paramilitaries across the border to carry out acts of destabilization. Most recently, there were violent opposition actions in the streets and another Venezuela-Colombia border problem. Day in, day out, for the entire 16 years of Bolivarian rule, virulent, false, anti-government broadcasts have been on Venezuelan television and in the Western media. The Bolivarian movement survived it all, always forcing the contest onto the democratic field of elections and winning. And when they lost on that field, they conceded defeat. Much remains to be seen: how the Bolivarian president and the opposition legislature will manage, the extent to which the opposition will respect the democracy and the constitution that brought them into the legislature, whether the movement can regroup and find a way to resolve the country’s economic problems. In the meantime, it is worth remembering at this time that Venezuela’s democracy is an achievement of the Bolivarians. Even in losing, they have won, at least for now. First published on Ricochet: Author: Justin Podur
How to change view in AutoCAD 3D Modeling? This tutorial will show you how to change views in AutoCAD when you are drawing a 3D model. 1. Step 1: Orientating and Drawing in 3D can be a little misleading if you are a beginner so I will show you how to change views in the next few steps. So here we are,this is a random model I drew so I can use it for better explanation and we are in 3D Modeling Workspace. Now,your view is TOP on default right?And it represents X,Y axis while Z is the axis of extrusion and as long as you are on TOP you are not able to properly draw on other planes,faces which is probably your problem if you are a beginner and you are not familiar. On the Toolbar you can find tool palette called Coordinates and here you can find most tools for good orientation while Modeling.You can see that I am now on Front view and you see how my UCS is lined,remember X and Y axis are a plane where your lines can go,Z is the extrusion. You will probably sometimes experience problems when your lines will snap to the points of your 3D model even if you are on the view you want,be careful with that,you can turn off Object Snap and 3D Object Snap when is necessary. 2. Step 2: Now I am on TOP view,you can see how UCS changed its orientation. So what you can is to change you view to TOP,FRONT,RIGHT,LEFT,BOTTOM when you need. 3. Step 3: There is a nice tool on the status bar called Dynamic input UCS and when it is turned on it will allow you snap to face of your model when you move cursor over it and it will allow you to automatically draw on that face without changing view. It is a little bit clunky but it can be useful in some cases. 4. Step 4: The next thing are the icons shown on the picture.The first icon will just make your UCS parallel to the screen no matter which orientation you are on,you can use other two icons to move your UCS (User Coordinate System) to object and a face of the object,they are both similar. Here I made UCS parallel to the screen and you can see what happened. 5. Step 5: Here I moved my UCS to the face of my model. You can change the orientation of your axis manually by clicking on them and moving them with blue points. On this picture my UCS is on the cylindrical surface now,also done by moving UCS to face. 6. Step 6: The icon in the red rectangle is for moving your UCS,play a little bit with these tools,they are pretty important for fast and effective modeling,you will probably need some time to get used to. 7. Step 7: You also have a 3 Point tool and with it you need to select 3 points of your X,Y and Z axis. And btw you can change you views at the left top corner too,it will also make your screen parallel to the view you chose. The icon in the green is for rotating around an axis (X,Y,Z),the icon in red is where you turn on or off you UCS and the last blue icon is where are the properties of your UCS like size color and other. I hope this tutorial made you life a little bit easier :) Karajko CAD
H.265 vs. H.264 Video Compression: How do They Differ? Even after having access to high-speed internet, your online or live streaming can get interrupted, and the H.264 codec might be the one playing the spoilsport. A Look at the Two Codecs High-Efficiency Video Coding (HVEC), a video compression technology, is the solution you are looking for, enabling streaming of high-quality videos in a faster way. It is the industry standard for video compression that helps record, compress and distribute digital video content across streaming platforms. H.265, also known as HVEC, is the latest compression standard designed for high-resolution videos. It is the successor to the H.264 codec and comes laden with some major upgradations. Developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding, a group of video coding experts, the latest technology was conceived in the year 2010. Today, we are going to compare existing widely popular H.624 vs. latest H.265 Video Compression Standards. Also called AVC - Advanced Video Coding, the process uses a block orientated, motion for compensation-based video compression technology. Each of those units is called macro-blocks and consists of 16x16 pixel samples. You can sub-divide the Marco-blocks to transform blocks, and even further to prediction blocks. H.264 is an algorithm that can efficiently lower bit rates from popular streaming providers like YouTube, and Vimeo without losing out on the effects. There is no denying that video streaming is popular today. With Netflix and YouTube, we need larger bandwidth. The latest video compression technology H.265, claims to provide 50% storage reduction. H.265 uses an algorithm that can encode videos even at low bit rates while maintaining a high-quality display, ensuring that the video keeps on playing even if the internet connection isn’t adequate. There are fewer errors and you get much better precision. Statistically, you can achieve double the compression of its predecessor H.264, which means a video of the same quality and size would take up only half of its space in H.265. This improvement is the result of the macroblocks called Coding Tree Units (CTUs). Unlike its predecessor, with H.265 CTUs can process as many as 64x64 pixel blocks, offering faster encoding of videos at all resolutions. H.264 vs. H.265: Be it online streaming, television, or surveillance industry, H.265 is a clear winner and is sure to revolutionize video streaming and display. You get to see videos with an image resolution of up to 8192 x 4320. A recent study made between H.264 and H.265 found that the former presented a bit reduction of 52% at 480p and 64% at 4K UHD compared to the latter. In addition to that, when compressed to the same file size or bit rate, H.625 delivered better display quality compared to H.624. Impact on live streaming: Apart from having larger macroblocks CTUs, H.625 comes with improved motion compensation and spatial prediction than H.624. Effectively, it means to compress data, the former will require more advanced hardware like BoxCaster Pro. Users with H.265 compatible devices will need less bandwidth – so lesser internet speed - and processing power to compress the data and stream high-quality content. Streaming 4Kvideo over typical internet speed will no more be an issue. To give you a better perspective, to stream a video online of 4K resolution, H.264 used to require a minimum uploading speed of 32 Mbps, whereas H.625 requires only 15 Mbps. Enhanced intra-frame motion prediction: The video compression process tries to predict the motion between the different frames. If there is no change in pixel, an H.624 video compression saves space by referencing it instead of reproducing it. H.265 also offers improved compression standards and better motion prediction. Intra-frame prediction: To compress each video frame efficiently, the H.264 codec analyzes the “movement” within individual frames. The mathematical function requires less space than pixel data, which shrinks the size of the file. The newest standard- H.265 comes with an intra-frame prediction function, which is far more detailed than its predecessor. H.625, on the other hand, allows for 33 directions of motion. H.264 allows only nine directions. What about the Processing? H.625 uses slices and tiles that decodes independently, which means the decoding process gets spilt up across multiple parallel process threads. Moreover, this parallel process takes advantage of better decoding opportunities to reduce file size. What about the Hardware support? At present, Intel processors like the Kaby Lake line support H.265 videos. Compared to other high-resolution video compressions, it offers the much-needed speed and consistency advantage. However, this doesn’t limit the use of H.265 only to Kaby Lake Processors, but computers using Kaby Lake chips will play or stream H.625 video contents more efficiently. Given the significant computational overhead required for encoding and decoding of high-resolution H.625 videos, we need access to better hardware for devices – something that can only happen with time. Final Verdict While H.625 scores better on all counts, it’s yet to gain popularity compared to its predecessor. Apple’s iPhone and iPad, stores video files in H.265 from iOS 11 onwards. Microsoft has also released a free extension for Windows 10 a while back, adding in support for H.265 video decoding. Netflix’s 4K content too can get streamed with the H.265 video compression if you have the right hardware. That being said, YouTube does not use H.265 0 yet. Instead, the Google owned company opts for the VP9 compression scheme. What’s Holding Back the Adoption of H.265? You should remember that H.265 requires a trade-off of almost ten times of the computing power. Plus, let us not forget how it took years for H.624 to gain acceptance in the market. tHE latest standard will be on standby until the hardware market adapts to it. Till then, there is one thing we can state for sure - H.625 has undoubtedly created a benchmark. Leave a comment
While your high school classmates are struggling with mathematical calculations, you’re excelling at it. High school students who enjoy and do well in the math classes that their peers find challenging often wish to go on to major in math in college. If you are contemplating a bachelor’s degree in math, there are strategic course decisions you can make now, before you even finish your high school diploma, that can help you succeed in college. Aspiring math majors should consider taking high-level math courses, Advanced Placement classes, college prep coursework in your other subjects and other classes that fit with your intended career path. How Do I Prepare for a Mathematics Degree While in High School? IMAGE SOURCE: Pixabay, public domain Best High School Math Classes for Math Majors It goes without saying that you should study math in high school if you want to major in the subject in college. However, you might wonder how many math classes you need to take as a high schooler and which courses are the best options for you. Aspiring math majors should plan on taking at least one math class every year of high school, even if you can graduate with fewer math courses. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) encourages high schoolers interested in careers such as mathematician and statistician to take “as many math courses as possible” before they earn their diploma. While that recommendation exists in part because gaining a more thorough understanding of math in high school will help students succeed in their college coursework, not following it could prevent you from being a math major. Some colleges and universities require that prospective math majors have a minimum of eight semesters, or four years, of high school math, to gain acceptance to the program of study. The quantity of math courses you take isn’t the only thing that counts. Some high school math classes are better choices than others. Colleges might not accept high school courses such as business math, consumer math or computer math toward the mathematics coursework requirements needed for admission into the major. Instead, look for courses such as algebra, geometry, calculus, trigonometry and probability and statistics. While pre-algebra might not count toward meeting your mathematics coursework admissions requirements, high school pre-calculus courses often do count. The Benefits of Advanced Placement (AP) Math Courses Often, among the most challenging classes you can take in high school are Advanced Placement classes. The College Board, the organization behind the SAT standardized test, administers these rigorous college-level courses and accompanying exams in more than 30 subjects of study. Students who attain a score of three, four or five on an AP exam pass the test and may be eligible to receive college credit toward their bachelor’s degree. There are both benefits and drawbacks to taking AP classes, so it is important to weigh all of the factors when considering AP classes. First of all, the workload in an AP course is intense. That means that high school students are learning a great deal and getting a first taste of what college coursework will be like, both of which are good aspects of Advanced Placement programs. However, high school students who load up on too many AP courses at a time may struggle to keep up with their assignments, even if they understand the course material. Students who are trying to do too much may see their grades suffer or find that they have to cut out extracurricular activities. Both of these outcomes can ultimately undermine students’ applications to college, cause them unnecessary stress and affect their overall wellbeing. Rather than signing up for all of the AP courses their school offers, students should think carefully about which programs would offer them the best results. Prospective math majors can often benefit from taking AP math courses, especially Advanced Placement Calculus AB and Advanced Placement Calculus BC. It is important to know that different colleges and programs of study approach AP course credit differently. Some schools don’t award course credit toward a degree, but instead allow students who have passed the AP exam to enroll in higher level courses since they already have a background in the AP subject. Additionally, some colleges will only award credit toward graduation for a score of four or five on an AP exam, even though a score of three is considered passing. Students contemplating AP classes should also research their top schools’ positions on AP credit. Both AP courses and the exams themselves are challenging. Nationally, less than one-quarter of all high school students who took an AP exam in 2017 scored a passing grade on the test. A Comprehensive College Preparatory High School Curriculum Students often focus more on the subject they want to major in than their other classes, which might not interest them or play to their strengths as much as their intended major. However, no matter what major you declare, you will need to complete general education courses before you can earn your degree. It is important that you take college preparatory courses in the rest of your subjects as well as math. You don’t have to take honors or AP courses in every subject, of course, but you should strive to take a full college prep curriculum so that you are prepared to study English, history, science and other necessary subjects at the college level. A strong college prep program is essential for prospective math majors. Additionally, taking a class in probability and statistics – along with, rather than instead of, your other math courses – can be useful. Complementary Coursework for Your Career What do you plan to do once you complete your mathematics education? The applications of math principles and calculations are widespread. If you have an idea where you want to take your career, studying that field early on – in high school as well as college – can help you determine your desired career path and reach your goals. Consider taking classes in physics and computer science or programming. Additional Resources How Do I Prepare for a Statistics Degree While in High School? How Do I Prepare for a Mathematics Education Degree While in High School? How Do I Prepare for an Actuarial Science Degree While in High School?
A question of phase If you’ve paid attention for long enough, you’ve seen heated debate in online forums and letters to the editor in magazines. One side will claim that it has been proven that people can’t hear the effects of phase errors in music, and the other is just as adamant that the opposite is true. Much of the confusion about phase lies with the fact that there are several facets to this issue. Narrow arguments on the subject can be much like the story of the blind men and the elephant—one believes that the animal is snake-like, while another insists that it’s more like a wall. Both sides may be right, as far as their knowledge allows, but both are equally wrong because they’re hampered by a limited understanding of the subject. What is phase? Phase is a frequency dependent time delay. If all frequencies in a sound wave (music, for instance), are delayed by the same amount as they pass through a device, we call that device “phase linear.” A digital delay has this characteristic—it simply delays the sound as a whole, without altering the relationships of frequencies to each other. The human ear is insensitive to this kind of phase change of delay, as long as the delay is constant and we don’t have another signal to reference it to. The audio from a CD-player is always delayed due to processing, for instance, but it has no effect on our listening enjoyment. Relative phase Now, even if the phase is linear (simply an overall delay), we can easily detect a phase difference if we have a reference. For instance, you can get closer to one of your stereo speakers than the other; even if you use the stereo balance control to even the relative loudness between speakers, it won’t sound the same as being equidistance between them. Another obvious case is when we have a direct reference to compare to. When you delay music and mix it with the un-delayed version, for instance, it’s easy to hear the effect; short delays cause frequency-dependent cancellation between the two signals, while longer delays result in an obvious echo. If you connect one of your stereo speakers up backwards, inverting the signal, you’ll get phase cancellation between many harmonic components simultaneously as they cancel in the air. This is particularly noticeable with mono input and at low frequencies, where the distance between the speakers has less effect. The general case Having dispensed with linear phase, let’s look at the more general case of phase as a frequency-dependent delay. Does it seem likely that we could hear the difference between a music signal and the same signal with altered phase? First, I should point out that phase error, in the real world, is typically constant and affects a group of frequencies, usually by progressive amounts. By “constant”, I mean that the phase error is not moving around, as in the effect a phase shifter device is designed to produce. By “group of frequencies”, I mean that it’s typically not a signal frequency that’s shifted, or unrelated frequencies; phase shift typically “smears” an area of the music spectrum. Back to the question: Does it seem likely that we could hear the difference between an audio signal and the same signal with altered phase? The answer is… No… and ultimately Yes. No: The human ear is insensitive to a constant relative phase change in a static waveform. For instance, you cannot here the difference between a steady sawtooth wave (which contains all harmonic frequencies) and a waveform that contains the same harmonic content but with the phase of the harmonics delayed by various (but constant) amounts. The second waveform would not look like a sawtooth on an oscilloscope, but you would not be able to hear the difference. And this is true no matter how ridiculous you get with the phase shifting. Yes: Dynamically changing waveforms are a different matter. In particular, it’s not only reasonable, but easy to demonstrate (at least under artificially produced conditions) that musical transients (pluck, ding, tap) can be severely damaged by phase shift. Many frequencies of short duration combine to produce a transient, and phase shift smears their time relationship, turning a “tock!” into a “thwock!”. Because music is a dynamic waveform, the answer has to be “yes”—phase shift can indeed affect the sound. The second part is “how much?” Certainly, that is a tougher question. It depends on the degree or phase error, the area of the spectrum it occupies, and the music itself. Clearly we can tolerate phase shift to a degree. All forms of analog equalization—such as on mixing consoles—impart significant phase shift. It’s probably wise, though, to minimize phase shift where we can. This entry was posted in Digital Audio, Phase. Bookmark the permalink. 5 Responses to A question of phase 1. This article is a worthwhile read. Chamberlin’s “Musical Applications of Microprocessors” gave a similar point of view but I initially got from the text that phase doesn’t matter very much. He mentions that in the case of additive synthesis, morphing from one set of harmonics to another can be done with a weighted average of the two waveforms at each sample as long as the phases are the same. From this it would seem like a good idea to always use zero phase for additive synthesis. And if you cannot hear the difference, then why not ignore or use zero phase for all synthesis? But when I tried zero (instead of random) phase with PadSynth there was an audible whack with each repetition of the array of samples. Of course this amplitude beat shows up in a graph of sin(t) + sin(t2) + sin(t3) + …, which is something I had not considered. sin(t + r1) + sin(t2 + r2) + sin(t3 + r3) + … with random phases smooths out the amplitude over the several-second loop. • Nigel Redmon says: Thanks for the comment and ideas! BTW, one place that static phase differences can make a difference is when using non-linear processing. The most obvious is that the relative phase of harmonics can affect the peak amplitude—so that you might have clipping in one case but not another, despite having the sample amplitudes of individual harmonics for both cases. 2. martin says: I have a phase control on an Alpine car eq. Is it best to have it set to zero? • Nigel Redmon says: In a sound system, a phase switch is usually there to compensate for a wiring error, or for an amp (say, for a subwoofer) that inverts the phase relative to the other amps. So yes, usually, you’ll leave the switch at “normal”. If you switch it, expect the sound to be less “full”, due to the phase cancellation. It should be very easy to tell if your phase switch is in the correct position. 3. Simon Hawkins says: The audible effect you have described above, where random phasing smoothes out the amplitude, is due to the behaviour of the digital filter in the DAC or possibly in the software that you are using. The interpolation algorithm, however it is implemented, will perform differently (and I would expect ‘better’) if the wave forms are out of phase, because it can obtain more ‘information’ if each one is slightly different. But the ear does not ‘hear’ phase difference, although it does detect it and our brain uses it to determine position, distance, movement and possibly velocity. Which is pretty clever when you think about it. Leave a Reply
IPCC Third Report: Key headlines and takeaways for the food sector Last week the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published their third working group report Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. The three IPCC reports can be (very) briefly summarised as: • IPCC I: What’s causing climate change? • IPCC II: How bad is it? • IPCC III: What are we going to do about it? The Working Group III (WGIII) report provides an updated global assessment of climate change prevention and examines the sources of global emissions. It addresses developments in emission reduction and mitigation efforts, assesses the impact of national climate pledges in relation to long-term emissions goals, and provides insight to what further changes need to be made. The full report is an impressive circa 3,000 pages, so we’re here to provide a summary, and to focus on the most relevant sections for our sector. What are some of the key overall findings? 1. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate. We have a narrow chance of limiting global heating to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels, this chance continues to slip, and without drastic change, we are likely to overshoot. The door of opportunity to stay below 1.5°C is still open, but it’s closing. 1. We have already observed significant impacts on natural and human systems from global warming. Future climate-related risks depend on the rate, peak and duration of warming. 1. Adaptation and mitigation are already occurring. But, some impacts of climate change already may be long-lasting or irreversible. 1. If we stick to 1.5°C, and do it slowly, things won’t be as bad as they could be. Sea levels will rise, species will disappear, food security will be threatened, human health and safety will be at risk… but it’s a lot better than if we get to 2°C, quickly. 1. There are a wide range of adaptation options that can reduce the risks of climate change, but there are also limits to adaptation and adaptive capacity for some human and natural systems at global warming of 1.5°C, with associated losses. What are some of the most significant industry-relevant findings? 1. Individual behaviour can play a significant role in combatting climate change, and the most significant shift in behaviour is through diet change. It’s sometimes hard to feel like personal actions make a difference, and it is very validating that the IPCC have affirmed that these actions do count. 1. Greenhouse gas emissions can be significantly reduced through global shifts to plant-based diets. The IPCC detail that these diets would feature a higher percentage of plant protein, a moderate intake of animal-derived foods, and a reduction in saturated fats. Such diets would also provide environmental benefits such as reduced land occupation and nutrient loss to the surrounding environments and provide health benefits to consumers. 1. High calorie diets also have higher greenhouse gas emissions. This isn’t surprising – and we’re proud that we’ve been shouting for a while now about how sustainable diets are those which are good for you, and good for the planet. Read more. 1. Food waste is a significant source of greenhouse gasses, and the amount of it continues to increase. Unfortunate, but again, not surprising. Though we would have liked to have seen more mention of food waste in the report, we were glad that food waste was included. According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation, around 1/3 of the world’s food is wasted, and the combination of producing, transporting, and decomposing that food releases a whopping 8-10% of global greenhouse gasses. We’ve partnered with Fourth to author an in-depth report about the food waste challenge in hospitality, read more about it here. 1. The UK was used as a case study for how dietary shifts can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Meat eating is declining in the UK, alongside a shift from carbon-intensive red meat towards poultry. This is due to a mixture of health-related motivations, animal welfare concerns, and potentially – but not certainly – social movements promoting vegan diets. The market for plant-based alternatives has soared and been met with high popularity. It’s clear that any operator not shifting their menu balance to incorporate more plant-based options is missing out on both customers and the chance to put the planet first. 1. Businesses and organisations can play a key role responding to climate change through their own commitments to sustainability. This includes net-zero policies, influencing consumer behaviours through communications and marketing, and more. We were particularly pleased by this acknowledgement, as it aligns with our work and vision of Food Made Good. Restaurants and chefs have a huge role to play setting positive trends, nudging consumer behaviour though the menus they create and the messages they share across all platforms. Putting your credentials to the test via a certification like the Food Made Good Sustainability Rating shows everyone you’re serious about making a positive difference. What are we going to do about it? What are you going to do about it? The call to action is pretty clear – we need to continue to push for a more sustainable food future. This includes individual action (e.g., beans over beef, putting pressure on policy makers) and business changes (e.g., more sustainable menus, using green energy, etc). You can read our fuller list of actions that we are taking, and those that we encourage you to take, here. Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on email
Robert Bosch Venture Capital invests in Chinese autonomous trucking start-up Trunk Actual fuel economy of cars and light trucks: 1966-2017 BIT researchers use high energy density material in electrode to enhance Li-S battery performance The shuttling effect that occurs during cycling causes the diffusion of polysulfides from the cathode, creating capacity loss. It also consumes fresh lithium and electrolytes, and reduces battery performance. To solve the shuttling problem and improve lithium sulfur battery performance, researchers at the Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) created a sandwich-structured electrode using a novel material that traps polysulfides and increases the reaction kinetics. An open-access paper on their work is published in the journal APL Materials. ZIF-67 is a metal-organic framework (MOF) constructed from metal ions or metal clusters and organic ligands. It holds great promise in gas storage and separation, catalysis and energy storage. MOF-derived materials are also attractive in energy storage due to their robust structure, porous surface and high conductivity. A sandwich-structured electrode with sulfur immobilized in between PZ67 layers, PZ67/S/PZ67, improves the practical energy density of the lithium sulfur battery to three to five times higher than that of lithium ion batteries. The PZ67 is composed of polar materials, and the porous carbon showed a synergistic effect in the chemical interaction, served as a physical barrier, offered a high conductivity to prohibit the polysulfide shuttling effect and enhanced the batteries’ cycling performance. Four varieties of cathode design were tested: a) bare sulfur electrode, b) the partially confined structure PZ67/S, c) the partially confined structure S/PZ67 and d) the fully confined, sandwich structure PZ67/S/PZ67, which outperformed the others in both initial capacity and capacity after battery cycling. Credit: Xing Gao, Siwu Li, Ying Du and Bo Wang. The porous PZ67 can not only absorb the polysulfides to form a confinement, it can also improve the kinetics of the actual active materials’ reaction during the battery cycling. That means it may also improve the discharge voltage of the battery, and that is a big contribution to improving the energy density of the batteries. —author Siwu Li The sandwich-structured electrode that confines soluble polysulfides could be useful for anyone working to confine soluble materials, Li said. His team plans to continue their work in order to scale up the process of fabricating the hybrid electrode using a hot pressing procedure. They also plan to address instabilities on the anode side of lithium sulfur batteries, possibly by adding a protective layer. • Xing Gao, Siwu Li, Ying Du and Bo Wang (2019) “A ZIF-67-derived–sulfur sandwich structure for high performance Li–S batteries” APL Materials doi: 10.1063/1.5122819 Good start with a new technology. Let's get it done and mass produced? Once it's on the market many other labs will jump on extending life, recharge speed, and other variables. Conductivity and poly sulfides are the issues. Carbon nano spheres around sulfur have shown promise. The comments to this entry are closed.
Relay Reliability From here find a selection topics related to relay reliability, what causes failures and how to calculate MTBF. Relays fail for a variety of reasons, in some cases it may be a wear out mechanism but the most frequent problems are simply down to relay abuse caused by programming errors, hot switching or UUT faults that cause the switching system to operated outside its normal operating conditions. If relay failures are being experienced it may help to note the pattern of failure and the circumstances under which they occur - it may give valuable clues in how to fix the problem. What causes relay to fail If you have a system where relays are failing chances are that something in the system is causing the failures. This article might help you understand why. Relay Ratings Understand all those relay specifications from this link Calculating MTBF Figures for a Switching System Been asked to provide an MTBF figure for a switching? The answers are not straightforward - many assumptions go into these calculations and changing the assumptions changes the answers. Read more on the topic in this article. Choose a Reliable Reed Relay Construction Reed Relay construction can have major impact on reliability, choose your construction carefully Finding Relay failures Find out about the merits of self test, diagnostic and relay operation counting tools to find faulty relays Minimum Relay Capacity Why do some types of relay have a minimum switching capacity, find the answers here Relay End Of Life When has a relay reached end of life? It is not entirely straightforward. Protecting Relays with Digital IO In some cases our digital I/O modules can be used to protect relays connecting to ground or positive power supplies Understanding current ratings at a PXI module level When many high current relays are supported in a single module there can be limits on how many of them can carry maximum current at the same time, find out more on this page Hot switch life of a reed relay Predicting the life of a reed relay when used for hot switching is not straightforward, some general guidance is provided here Need Help？ Product Selector Try the selector Resource center Resources you need Worldwide presence Find local office or agent
As if the idea ideas of quantum entanglement and time travel weren’t difficult enough to wrap one’s head around separately, two physicists at the Universtiy of Queensland in Australia have further compounded the headache by merging the two ideas via a new kind of quantum entanglement that links particles not across space, but across time. Quantum entanglement is that “spooky action” (Einstein’s words, not ours) that links two particles such that a measurement on one immediately influences the state of the other, even if the two particles are separated by miles, or even light years. Entanglement defies the intuitive way we understand the universe to work (as does most of quantum mechanics). The idea of “time teleportation,” as described by S. Jay Olson and Timothy Ralph, doesn’t add clarity but it does introduce some interesting questions about the fundamentals of the universe. In a sense, everyone and everything is time traveling, moving forward in time at a given rate. What Olson and Ralph propose is that it’s possible to take a shortcut into the future without being present in the interim. How? Tech Review’s KFC explains: But here’s the thing: said qubit doesn’t have to exist in the time between it’s initial detection and its reconstruction, though it is the exact same qubit. But there is a wrinkle, in that the initial creation of the qubit and its detection in the future must be symmetrical. “If the past detector was active at a quarter to 12:00, then the future detector must wait to become active at precisely a quarter past 12:00 in order to achieve entanglement,” they say in their paper. How does all this work? Admittedly, we’re not sure. But researchers have already achieved teleportation across space in the lab, so if time teleportation is truly as simple as space teleportation, we’ll likely be shown how it works sometime soon enough. [arXiv via Technology Review]
Author: Audrey Paine Different Types of Pest Control There are different types of pest control, including continuous and sporadic. Continuous pests are almost always present; sporadic and migratory pests may appear at certain times, requiring regular control. Sporadic pests, also known as “potential pests,” may only be found under specific conditions. In some cases, they may even be a risk to humans. However, when the condition warrants it, Green Country Pest Control can be highly effective. pest control Some pesticides are highly toxic, and some can cause health effects if they come into contact with humans. The likelihood of having a reaction depends on the type of pesticide, chemicals used, and length of exposure. Always use pesticides only under the supervision of a licensed pest control professional. Never use fogging devices to get rid of pests. Read the labels carefully, as fogging devices can carry dangerous chemicals that can land on people. If you’re unsure of what pest to get rid of, do some research and ask questions. You may be surprised by what you find. It’s important to learn about pests and the damage they can cause to your property. If you’re not sure, don’t purchase pesticides if you have never seen them before. You may think they are safe, but this is actually dangerous for you and your family. You can also use baits to control pests and keep them away from your home. While there are a variety of tactics for controlling pests, there’s no one magic bullet that can guarantee total eradication. There are three main goals of pest control: prevention, suppression, and eradication. Prevention is the most cost-effective option, while suppression reduces the number of pests while eradication destroys the entire population. Each of these strategies has its own pros and cons. Decide which one will be best suited for your situation. Biological control involves the use of natural enemies of the pests. Natural enemies include predators, parasites, and pathogens. While biological control does not guarantee total eradication, it does eliminate the threat of a plant or animal. The use of juvenile hormones, sterile males, and pheromones are a few of the biological control strategies. In some cases, biological control isn’t a viable option. Chemical pesticides fail to eliminate all pests. Because of this, resistance to pesticides must be factored into pest control programs. Only a few pesticides completely kill the targeted pest. Others may withstand or avoid the effects of pesticides and survive through the breeding cycle. The pests that survive may also pass this trait on to their offspring. This makes the methods of pest control more difficult to implement. When this happens, the best approach is to employ a combination of preventive measures. Biological control methods use beneficial insects that prey on the pests that are causing the problem. Insect predators include parasitoids, which live inside their hosts and kill them. Parasites are an effective solution for many insects and recently began releasing parasitoids to eradicate the oriental fruit fly. Opius vandenboschi, Opius oophilus, and Opius longicaudatus have been tested as potential control agents. In some cases, they killed up to 80 percent of fruit fly hosts. When dealing with pests, most people want to see the thrill of a kill. Whether it’s a dead cockroach or a dead rat, they want the pests to disappear. The average homeowner dreams of a Terminator-like figure spraying chemicals onto a ceiling and a bed of roaches and spiders. And, for some reason, this isn’t entirely true. Pest control companies also have safety in mind. By removing the sources of parasites and using safe pesticides, you’ll be creating a healthier home. If your property is at risk of attracting rodents, keep the birds’ food in rodent-proof dispensers. Trim any creepers that could become nesting locations. If you’re unable to control them through these methods, consider using traps, but make sure they’re not placed in areas where people may get hurt. There’s no reason to live with rats or mice when you can get rid of them by using the appropriate methods. Pheromones are a useful method for monitoring pest populations. Pheromones are odors and chemicals that can attract insects to an area. Pest control technicians identify pest problems and devise strategies to eliminate them. The more severe pest infestations require the services of pest control applicators. Applicators use fumigate houses to eliminate large infestations. These professionals work full-time, often over time. Typically, they have a high school diploma and receive on-the-job training.
The “vote of confidence” or “no-confidence” is a gesture of the members of parliament to show their trust, or otherwise, in the leader of the house in a parliamentary system. If opposition tables a “no-confidence” motion in the assembly against a prime minister, he has to show that a majority of the members have “confidence” in his leaderships. However, a prime minister can seek a “vote of confidence” voluntarily when a situation arises that seems to be against him. In the parliamentary history of Pakistan, Imran Khan will be the second prime minister who will voluntarily seek parliamentarians’ confidence today. Former prime minister Nawaz Sharif is the other leader of the house who had sought a voluntary vote of confidence from the National Assembly when the Supreme Court reinstated him in 1993. Nawaz Sharif was dismissed by then President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in April 1993 on corruption charges. Interestingly, the PPP boycotted the assembly session just as the present opposition alliance has announced to stay away from session. Muhammad Khan Junejo was the first prime minister who got a vote of confidence after General Zia-ul-Haq restored the parliamentary system in 1985. Junejo got the vote on March 24 under Revival of Constitution Order (RCO) and the Eighth Amendment to the 1973 Constitution. According to the reforms introduced by Gen Zia, the president nominates the prime minister whoever he deems fit to lead the house and he (prime minister) has to get a vote of confidence from the National Assembly within 60 days of his nomination. All the prime ministers, from 1985 to 2008, got a vote of confidence from the National Assembly under the amendment. They were: the late Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, Mir Zafarullah Jamali, Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, Shaukat Aziz and Yousaf Raza Gilani. However, the People’s Party (PPP) government repealed the provision in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution in 2009. NO-CONFIDENCE: Apart from the “voluntary” vote of confidence, the opposition tabled the “no-confidence” motion twice. Benazir Bhutto defeated a no-confidence motion on November 1, 1989, by 12 votes. Shaukat Aziz was the other prime minister who defeated a no-confidence motion against him in August 2006. The 1973 Constitution provides: “If the president feels that the prime minister has lost the confidence of the majority in the National Assembly, he convenes a special meeting and asks the prime minister to take a vote of confidence.” The story was filed by the News Desk. The Desk can be reached at Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
The Art and Craft of Making a Barrel Barrel making is an art steeped into history and century-old tradition. While technology has improved the process, it still relies on the handiwork of artisans and craftsmen at every stage. No two barrels are identical. Oak has been the wood of choice over time, as its wood is robust, hard and dense. The Williamsburg Winery favors the wood found in France, including the common oak or Quercus Pedunculata — its wide grain leads to the release of its tannins fairly quickly. Another variety, Quercus Sessiflora, is finer-grained, softer and less dense. This variety has milder tannins and is highly valued as a source of barrel wood. Craftsmen called coopers make barrels from oak planks that have been air dried for up to three years. The staves must be smooth, free from splintering wood or other imperfections. The wood must be stacked with spacers and left in the open air, exposed to elements including rain, wind, cold and heat. After the staves are appropriately seasoned, they will be shortened and trimmed. Finishing the staves is laborious and requires precise attention to detail. The barrel must be watertight, achieved with accurate construction as opposed to any type of glue or adhesive. Assembly starts with the bung stave, slightly wider than the others as that’s where the bunghole is drilled so the barrel can be filled and emptied. The staves are arranged upright, held together by a metal collar or molding hoop. Both ends remain open so the unfinished barrel can be placed over a fire fueled by oak scraps. What very much looks like a bonfire inside a barrel is referred to as singeing or toasting. The level of toastiness impacts the taste of the wine and helps develop flavors pleasing to the palette. After toasting, the heads or bottoms are installed, and the Williamsburg Winery logo is embossed on top. The quality of the barrel is of paramount importance in aging wine — wood origin and cooper control are important factors to ensuring the barrels harmonize with the wine. While the wine is in the barrels, an exchange of wood, wine and atmosphere occurs, and a light aspiration takes place through the pores of the wood. Winemakers regularly “top off” the barrel multiple times so that it remains full. Standard oak barrels contain 60 gallons or 300 bottles of wine, while oversized ones called puncheons hold as much as 120 gallons. The Williamsburg Winery recently began experimenting with wine aged in cognac barrels, which produces a pleasing aromatic. You can smell the difference in the 2019 Petite Fleur, aged for 14 months in used cognac barrels. Winemaker Matthew Meyer is experimenting with aging reds in cognac barrels, with the first release anticipated in 2022. Featured Posts Recent Posts
How Smiling Improves Your Health? Smiling has an adverse effect on your health. In this world of medicine and doctors, it is definitely very difficult to believe that something like smile can hold up your health but it actually does. And for a perfect smile you’ll need the perfect set of teeth, which can be very easily taken care of by comparison to others. The benefits of smiling are: 1. Improves Mood: There are many people that may take the case of mood lightly, yet mood plays an important role in one’s life. Smiling acts a stimulus to form positive thoughts which will definitely, in turn, works diligently to lift up your spirits. Honestly, the mood is connected with almost everything. If you are in a good mood, definitely it’ll lower your pressure and remove your stress. Thus it is important to always be in a good mood. 2. Lowers the Blood Pressure: A worldwide study has shown that there are a large number of victims of high blood pressure. And many are subjected to expensive treatments and therapy, yet no one thinks of just laughing or smiling their heart out. Because smiling causes the heart rate to increase initially. A relaxation of many muscles immediately follows this. It, in turn, lowers the heart rate along with the blood pressure. Smiling also helps in keeping away from heart diseases. 3. Relieves the Stress: Once again we have another very concerned result of smiling. Stress these days are very common and are faced by almost all. But does this mean it is normal? No, yet there is no definite cure for it except for smiling. Because smiling results in lower heart rate, which helps one to fight anxiety and stress. Thus smiling in a stressful situation can provide you with both physical as well as psychological benefits. 4. Betterment of Relationships: It is a very obvious choice between talking with someone who smiles and someone who doesn’t. As social animals, we need to blend in the society for that we require humane relationships to be established. And this can be easily done by smiling while talking or discussing something of the same. Other than social relations, it has been proved several times that smiling people are more stable in personal relations, i.e. friendships, marriages, etc. Also, such people build in them higher interpersonal skills too. 5. Strengthens the Immune System: This is quite an important effect of smiling. Honestly, rather than spending hundreds together, one can easily take up this cost-free solution to elevate their immune system. It has been seen that laughter and smiling releases certain signalling molecules which are present in your brain to act upon bodily issues like stress and basic illnesses. As for women who are in their post-pregnancy, it turns out to be all the more helpful for it kind of raises the immune response in them. 6. Acts as a Pain Reliever: Another significant reason to smile is that smiling releases natural painkillers, which helps effectively in reducing pain. This has been proved scientifically. Also, smiling often boosts up your power to tolerate pain. One can actually use this remedy as to a temporary way out in the case of any such emergency. Thus if anyone you know is suffering out of deep injuries or chronic illness confidently advise them to smile more and more. Wrapping Up: These are some of the important reasons to smile apart from that it makes you look young, beautiful etc. Thus it is always advisable to smile your life out in every other chance.
When did people worship goddesses? When did people worship goddesses? female deities were worshipped at least 7000 bce, thousands of years before Abraham served as prophet of Yahweh, and some say as far back as 30,000 bce (based on Upper Paleolithic figurines, cave paintings, and other archaeological finds in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa). Do people worship goddesses? Contemporary Patterns of Goddess Worship The worship of female sacred images is found in some form or other throughout the world, except in those societies dominated by Islam or certain branches of Protestantism. Even in cultures heavily influenced by iconoclastic secular movements vestiges of goddess worship remain. What religion worships the goddess? Wicca, sometimes known as the Goddess movement, Goddess spirituality, or the Craft, appears to be the fastest-growing religion in America. Thirty years ago only a handful of Wiccans existed. Why do people worship goddesses? In many known cultures, goddesses are often linked with literal or metaphorical pregnancy or imagined feminine roles associated with how women and girls are perceived or expected to behave. In some faiths, a sacred female figure holds a central place in religious prayer and worship. When did people start Worshipping deities? The first written evidence of deities are from early 3rd millennium BCE, likely emerging from prehistoric beliefs. Who worshipped god first? Article about Brahma, the first god in the Hindu trimurti. He is regarded as the senior god and his job was creation. Who is the goddess of spirituality? Sophia is the Greek goddess of mythology archetype of spiritual wisdom in women’s spirituality circles, in which she is viewed as the Divine Feminine. What is goddess worship aspect? Ancient artifacts and texts from Greece and Rome, the Near East, India, and China and Japan demonstrate that goddess worship played a central role in the development of civilizational aspects, including agriculture, regulation of fertility and procreation, protection and defense, civic identity, and spiritual and … Why did the people worship their deity? How did the people worship their deity? Answer: People performed various kinds of bhakti and rituals of worship or singing bhajans, kirtans or qawwalis or even repeating the name of God in silence. There was an idea of a Supreme God who could deliver humans from such bondage if approached with devotion (or bhakti). What are the 114 gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt? Nemty – Falcon god, worshipped in Middle Egypt, who appears in myth as a ferryman for greater gods. Neper – A god of grain. Osiris – god of death and resurrection who rules the underworld and enlivens vegetation, the sun god, and deceased souls. Ptah – A creator deity and god of craftsmen, the patron god of Memphis. What are the names of the gods and goddesses? • Ceres. Ceres was the goddess of grain. • Diana. Diana is the Roman goddess of wild animals and the hunt. • Juno. Juno was known as the Roman protector of women and childbirth. • Jupiter. Jupiter was chief among Roman gods and goddesses. • Mars. Mars was the god of war. • Mercury. • Minerva. • Neptune. • Venus. • Who were the ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses? The ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses were seen as heavenly creatures capable of unlocking the mysteries of the Milky Way, performing miracles, and tremendous acts of wonder, so they chose to honor them by enshrining them in physical form, which can be seen in Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, and Aswan. Their entire lives were devoted to the worship
Delete search term Quick navigation Main navigation Strategies to reduce mycotoxins in grain side product streams enabling their reintroduction into the food value chain Wheat is one of our key staple foods worldwide and offers high nutritional value, especially when consumed in the form of whole grain. Food safety has become a major challenge within crops in recent years: an estimated 25% of all global crops are affected by moulds. Certain moulds produce mycotoxins, toxic compounds that are chemically stable and survive food processing. Their physiological effects upon consumption range from acute poisoning to immune deficiency or cancer. In general, the degree of contamination in grain goes down from outer to inner kernel layers. This is one of the reasons why even today white and medium-white flour are primarily produced despite the development of sensorially desirable whole grain products and why wheat bran is mostly used as animal feed or sometimes burnt. In this project, an interdisciplinary team consisting of researchers from Food Biotechnology, Food Chemistry, Biocatalysis and Food Technology jointly tested the efficacy of two main strategies - functional microorganisms and / or tailored enzymes - to reduce mycotoxins in wheat. The effectiveness of a pre-treatment of wheat kernels through cold needle perforation was proven through a qualitative visual analysis method. Mycotoxins were successfully degraded into less-toxic compounds by both enzymes and microorganisms and the efficacy proven through a novel, highly sensitive analysis method.
B-1 lymphocytes are the main cells in mouse peritoneal cavity. subsets, B-1 lymphocytes are the main cells in mouse peritoneal cavity. subsets, whereas PS just improved M-1c. Furthermore, the bacteria improved the quantity of M-1b cells that had been positive for MHC II, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12, in addition to up-regulating TLR9, CD86 and CD80 expression. PS improved M-1b cell manifestation of TLR4, TLR9, Compact disc40 and Compact disc86, as well as IL-10 and IL-12 activity. Both of the remedies reduced the complete 482-36-0 quantity of M-1b cells and PS treatment. The adjuvant impact that offers on M-1 cells, the B-1b subtype mainly, reinforces the importance of M-1 cells in the natural and adaptive immune system reactions. Intro M lymphocytes can become divided in M-2 cells, which are abundant in the spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral bloodstream of rodents and continually occur from bone tissue marrow precursors, and M-1 cells, which occur from fetal and neonatal progenitors early in existence [1], are overflowing in mouse peritoneal and pleural cavities and can become recognized by the manifestation of particular surface area guns (Compact disc5, Compact disc11b and Compact disc43) [2]. Peritoneal M-1 cells are made up of 3 subsets: M-1a (Compact disc11b+ Compact disc5+) cells, M-1b (Compact disc11b+ Compact disc5?) cells and B-1c cells (Compact disc11b? Compact disc5+) [2], [3], with the last subset lately becoming explained as a precursor of the others [4]. The creation of organic IgM antibodies [5] offers been explained as a function of M-1 cells, and M-1b cells possess been discovered to possess particular functions in autoimmunity [6], antigen threshold 482-36-0 [7] and the boost in murine most cancers cell metastatic behavior and malignancy [8], [9]. In addition, and (induce natural results that modulate the natural and obtained immune system reactions, leading to improved phagocytic [17], [18] and tumoricidal actions in macrophages [15], [19], [20], improved antibody reactions [21], [22] and improved level of resistance to different pathogens [22]C[24]. [18] Recently, [25] we characterized a filtered soluble polysaccharide that can become taken out from the cell wall structure (PS) with phenol and is definitely the microbial element included in many of the adjuvant results. Likewise to the entire bacteria, PS improved nitric oxide (NO) and TNF- activity [18] and tumoricidal and phagocytic actions in peritoneal macrophages [15]. An essential impact of and PS is definitely their capability to immediate the immune system response toward a Th1 or Th2 response, as shown in a murine model of instant hypersensitivity (Th2 response) to ovalbumin (OVA) [26]. In this model, a Th2 response was potentiated when or PS had been given concurrently with Ovum, but this result transformed to a standard Th1 response when the rodents had been treated before Ovum sensitization [25], [27]. We also discovered that murdered or PS exert a powerful adjuvant impact on (and PS take action straight on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which is definitely in contract with the improved quantity and service position of bone tissue marrow-derived dendritic cells acquired from functions on APCs appear to involve toll-like receptors (TLRs). The results, including pro-inflammatory cytokine activity [29], had been demonstrated to become related to TLR2 and TLR9 activation [30], [31]. Jugeau induce TLR2 and TLR4 manifestation on keratinocytes. In addition to the TLRs, the bacteria can also modulate co-stimulatory and MHC II substances preferentially functions on natural immune system cells; mainly macrophages and dendritic cells. In truth, most results, such as virus level Opn5 of resistance and phagocytic and tumoricidal actions, are related to the modulation of macrophages, generally those acquired from the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, taking into consideration the truth that M-1 cells participate in the natural and adaptive immune system reactions and is definitely a effective adjuvant, we looked into the modulatory results that and the PS substance exert on peritoneal M-1 cells. Components and Strategies Pets Six to eight week-old feminine or male BALB/c rodents had been utilized in all of the tests. Integrity declaration All of the tests had been carried out with institutional pet treatment. This research was authorized by the University or college Integrity Panel (Identification quantity: 1210/2004). Antigens Heat-killed suspension system The bacterias (acquired from Instituto Adolfo Lutz, H?o Paulo, S.P., Brazil) had been cultured in anaerobic moderate (Hemobac, Probac, H?o Paulo, S.P., Brazil) for 3 times at 37C and cleaned by centrifugation. The pellet was re-suspended in 0.9% saline and subjected to continuous water vapor for 20 min at 120C. The proteins focus of the suspension system was identified by 482-36-0 the Bradford technique [33]. Purified soluble.
Question: What percentage of the world is vegetarian 2020? But what percentage of the world is vegetarian? Its estimated that around 8% of the world population identify themselves as vegetarian. Can you guess what is the most vegetarian country? If you guessed India, youd be right because a full 31% of Indias population is vegetarian! What percentage of the country is vegetarian? WASHINGTON, D.C. -- According to a 2018 Gallup poll, 5% of U.S. adults consider themselves to be vegetarian. Nonwhite Americans (9%) are three times as likely as white Americans (3%) to describe themselves as vegetarian. How many vegetarians are there in the world in 2021? Top 10 Vegan Statistics and Facts The total number of vegans worldwide in 2021 amounts to about 79 million. About 9.7 million people follow a vegetarian-based diet in the US. Israel has the largest concentration of vegans in the world. What is the most vegetarian country? Which country eats the healthiest? Iceland takes out the #1 spot. The title of the worlds best diet goes to Iceland, according to the show. “They have seemingly avoided many of the diseases that have plagued other countries,” says Doherty. “They have low rates of Alzheimers disease, stroke, heart disease and diabetes.” Join us Find us at the office Heston- Cat street no. 49, 44572 Yerevan, Armenia Give us a ring Kaeli Mastroddi +51 487 505 696 Mon - Fri, 8:00-19:00 Contact us
On this page... Mullet are commonly seen leaping out of the water. Why do they do this? Diamond-scale Mullet, <i>Liza vaigiensis</i> A Diamond-scale Mullet feeding at the surface, Hook Island, Whitsunday Islands, Queensland, August 2002. Image: John Pogoonoski © John Pogoonoski The research of Hoese (1985) suggests that Sea Mullet use this second category of movements to fill the pharyngobranchial organ (an area at the back of the throat) with air. The trapped air is believed to allow the fish to remain active in water of low oxygen concentration for about five minutes. Several interesting lines of evidence support this theory. The number of jumps is correlated with the concentration of oxygen in the water. The less oxygen, the more jumps. Secondly, Sea Mullet feed during the day often in bottom sediments that have low oxygen concentrations. Jumping occurs much more commonly during the day. Sea Mullet rarely jump at night. Further reading 1. Hoese, H.D. 1985. Jumping mullet - the internal diving bell hypotheses. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 13(4): 309-314.
Thursdays With Oswald—The Historicity Of The Cross The Historicity Of The Cross It is essential to have an historic basis for our Christian faith: our faith must be centered in the Life and Death of the historic Jesus. Why is it that that Life and Death have an importance out of all proportion to every other historic fact? Because there the Redemption is brought to a focus. Jesus Christ was not a Man who twenty centuries ago lived on this earth for thirty-three years and was crucified; He was God Incarnate, manifested at one point of history. All before look forward to that point; all since look back to it. The presentation of this fact produces what no other fact in the whole of history ever could produce, viz.: the miracle of God at work in human souls. The death of Jesus was not the death of a martyr, it was the revelation of the Eternal heart of God. That is why the Cross is God’s last word. From Conformed To His Image This is THE Fact of history— Tell me what you think about this... You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
Do you grind your teeth? If you do, then you have Bruxism. Bruxism is the involuntary action of grinding your teeth, especially during sleep. It’s reminiscent of people who bite their nails. They are completely unaware of their actions. What happens with Bruxism? At least when one bites their nails, the nails grow back. One of the consequences of Bruxism is the enamel on the teeth does not come back once it is ground away. Bruxism is of concern because it can: • Cause severe damage to the gums • Cause weakening of the teeth to the point of fracturing • Cause voids between the gums and the teeth that allow toxins and bacteria deep down into the gums. This acts as a causal factor in periodontal disease. • Cause arthritis in the joint of the jawbone, creating chronic earaches and headaches Bruxism is an unfortunate condition that can cause significant impact to the mouth and the body. There may not be a cure, but there are treatments that can be implemented to reduce the effects. Dr. William S. Neale of Wichita Falls, your periodontal specialist, can help you with those treatments. Contact us if you suffer from Bruxism. We can help.
Veterinary Medicine & Therapy What is Veterinary Behavioural Medicine? Alterations in behaviour can be a great source of distress for companion animals and their owners. It is often those behaviours that cause most inconvenience to people which are brought to the attention of the veterinary practice, but routine questions at annual vaccination appointments can also be used to detect more “acceptable” behaviours which may still be indicative of distress for the animal. For example, fear of fireworks is considered by many owners to be normal behaviour, due to its very high incidence in the domestic dog population, but it is far from normal and can be successfully treated to the benefit of pet and owner alike. Veterinary behavioural medicine is a branch of internal medicine and is a mainstream aspect of veterinary practice. The approach is the same as for any other branch of internal medicine and relies on accurate history taking to reach a diagnosis of the underlying emotional drive for the unwanted behaviour. In some cases that emotional drive may be normal but triggered by inappropriate stimuli due to problems of early development or subsequent learning (for example fear of strangers or fear of other dogs) but in others, such as phobias and compulsive disorders, the underlying emotional motivation is abnormal. Veterinary behavioural medicine is a vital discipline as it is essential to look for potential interplay between physical disease and emotional states and to accurately determine the potential contribution from physical illness in the development and maintenance of unwanted behavioural signs. In addition it is important that behavioural signs are taken seriously within a general veterinary practice context from a welfare perspective. Whether the behaviour is manifested during the veterinary consultation or hospitalisation stays or the client describes behaviour which is only shown at home or out on walks, it is essential that the problems are adequately investigated and the owners are offered appropriate advice either in house or through appropriate referral. Behavioural signs are an outward expression of underlying emotional drives in response to a range of social or environmental stimuli and their presence can be a significant factor when evaluating animal welfare. What characterises a Veterinary Behaviourist? In many European countries there has been a tradition for non-veterinarians from a background of psychology, ethology or training to be involved in the management of undesirable behaviours. These people have played an important role in the development of the companion animal behaviour field and it is in the best interests of pets and their owners for a multidisciplinary approach to be maintained. Indeed this is a multidisciplinary field in which the interplay between animals and their environment, both physical and social, is an important factor. However, behaviour is also a vitally important veterinary subject and veterinary surgeons specialising in behavioural medicine (Veterinary behaviourists) offer a unique blend of skills which offer owners support on many levels. They are able to evaluate the physical and emotional health of animals in a unique way and this leads to a deep understanding of the factors involved in the initiation and maintenance of behavioural signs. They can prescribe behavioural management programmes based on an understanding of learning theory and emotional drives and combine this, where necessary, with the use of pheromone and pharmacological agents to assist in the treatment process. In addition they can understand the potential contribution from past medical history in the development of behavioural sjgns and then evaluate and treat underlying or concurrent physical illness. In short veterinary behaviourists have a vital role to play in the prevention, detection, diagnosis, management and treatment of behavioural disorders which are sadly so prevalent in the domestic pet population. We will happily answer any questions you might have about the ESVCE or veterinary clinical ethology
Turgor Pressure Turgor Pressure Copyright 1999, National Gardening Association. All Rights Reserved. For questions regarding this web site, contact Webmaster Turgor pressure The water pressure inside plant cells is called turgor pressure, and it is maintained by a process called osmosis. Technically speaking, osmosis is the movement of water across a differentially permeable membrane from a place where water concentration is higher to one where the concentration is lower. Fluids like to reach a state of equilibrium. If I pour milk into my coffee, it doesn’t all stay in one place but diffuses throughout the cup. If you put a drop of food coloring in a basin of water, it diffuses until all the water is tinted. Plant cells maintain a delicate balance of water and various dissolved salts and sugars. If the fluid inside the plant cell is "saltier" than the surrounding fluid, water molecules move in to try to reach equilibrium. If there were no cell membrane, then at the same time the salty water would diffuse out, until the salt concentrations inside and outside the cell were equal. BUT: the cell membrane is "differentially permeable," meaning that water molecules can enter, but the salt molecules are too large to escape. The result is that water pressure builds inside the cell, causing the cell membrane to exert pressure on the cell wall—in much the same way a balloon inflated inside a box would exert pressure on all sides of the box. c1w2-q.gif (9296 bytes) These rigid, stacked "boxes" keep the plant upright. If the "balloons" deflate, then the boxes collapse. Plants must maintain their internal water pressure, or turgor pressure, to keep stems rigid and leaves expanded to the sunlight. This means that water must be available to the plant whenever it needs it. If water isn’t available, cells collapse and the plant wilts. So, next time you have a dry spell, and are commiserating with your gardening friends, you might just say, "Boy, the soil is dry as a bone. All my beautiful plants are losing turgor pressure!" btns_nav.gif (2368 bytes) btn_digdeep.gif (9322 bytes) Salt of the Earth We’ve mentioned that plants must maintain a delicate balance of water and various dissolved salts in order to sustain the proper turgor pressure and keep the cells rigid. What are these salts, and where do they come from? Though we commonly think of "salt" as table salt, or sodium chloride, chemically-speaking there are many different types of salts. A salt is, by definition, "a substance formed from an acid when all or part of its hydrogen is replaced by a metal or metallic radical." For example, if you take hydrochloric acid, HCl, and replace the hydrogen (H) with sodium (Na), you get NaCl, sodium chloride, or table salt. Other salts include calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate (also called Epsom salts). Most salts dissolve readily in water. And many fertilizers contain nutrients in the form of salts, since in this form they will dissolve in water and quickly become available to the plants. More Isn’t Always Better You may have heard warnings that you can "burn" your plants’ roots if you overfertilize them. But just what is burning? If you water a plant with a concentrated fertilizer solution (which contains high levels of dissolved salts) you can create a condition in which the water in the soil is "saltier" than the water in the plant. We’ve discussed the tendency of liquids to move toward a state of equilibrium. In this case, water will begin to flow out of the plant cells and into the "saltier" soil. Though you may think you are providing water to your plant, you are actually causing water loss. To prevent fertilizer burn, always measure and mix fertilizers carefully, following the manufacturers’ instructions—never feed plants with a concentrated solution of fertilizer that hasn’t been properly diluted with water. Or use organic or slow-release fertilizers— the nutrients in these are in a less soluble form and become available over time rather than all at once. Today's site banner is by Murky and is called "Waterlily"
Most cases of ITP in adults are persistent, lasting more than six months, or chronic, lasting more than a year.1 A very small number of people die from the disease or the treatments and some people recover. It is difficult to determine how many adults have ITP, so estimates vary. The latest review study reports that the incidence of adult ITP (how many people get diagnosed each year) is 3.3 per 100,000 adults/year.3 The prevalence (how many adults have ITP at any time) is approximately 9.5 cases per 100,000. More women than men have the disease in the 30 to 60 age group. In other age groups, about the same number of men and women are diagnosed with ITP.2 Since ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion, it is very important that all other causes of low platelets are ruled out. There are many low platelet diseases and the treatments differ. An ITP patient can help the doctor eliminate other causes for ITP by mentioning any new medications, frequent consumption of tonic water, exposure to toxins, or events that coincide with the discovery of low platelets. There are various approaches to treating ITP depending on the platelet count, bleeding symptoms, patient preference, age, lifestyle considerations and other health issues. It is important for both the patient and physician to carefully weigh the potential risks along with the potential benefits when making a treatment decision. Treatments should be tailored to the individual, not based on a platelet count. 1. Rodeghiero F, Stasi R, Gernsheimer T, et al. "Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group." Blood.2009;113(11):2386-2393. 2. Segal JB, Powe NR. "Prevalence of immune thrombocytopenia: analyses of administrative data." J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(11):2377-2383. 3. Terrell DR, et al. "The incidence of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adults: A critical review of published reports." Am J Hematol. 2010 Mar;85(3):174-80.
medal, meddle The words medal, meddle sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Why do medal, meddle sound the same even though they are completely different words? The answer is simple: medal, meddle are homophones of the English language. 1. :: noun A flat piece of metal stamped with a design or an inscription commemorating an event or a person, often given as an award. 2. :: noun A piece of metal stamped with a religious device, used as an object of veneration or commemoration. 3. :: verb-intransitive To win a medal, as in a sports contest: "We were the first Americans to medal” ( Jill Watson). 4. :: verb-transitive To award a medal to. 1. :: verb-intransitive To intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere. See Synonyms at interfere. 2. :: verb-intransitive To handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper. Share medal, meddle About Homophones
Free Worksheets, Lessons, Quizzes Arranging Scrambled Words to Make Sentences 4 Arranging Scrambled Words to Make Sentences 4: Make meaningful sentences by rearranging the jumbled words. Each answer is corrected as soon as you rearrange each sentence correctly. Arranging Scrambled Words to Make Sentences 4 [{ "question": "Jim's cow is fat" }, { "question": "The cat has six kittens" }, { "question": "I have a new toy train" }, { "question": "I live in a flat" }, { "question": "Turtles walk slowly" }, { "question": "The elephant is huge" }, { "question": "I can tie my shoe laces" }, { "question": "There is a ball under the table" }, { "question": "The cat is in the box" }, { "question": "My mom bakes yummy cupcakes" }]

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