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In Christian religion and costumes, the star of Bethlehem is known as the astronomical guide followed by the Three Wise Men who welcomed the birth of Jesus. Throughout history, as scientific research and theories have changed and developed, scientists have come up with numerous and varied hypotheses about what could have actually happened on that fateful day. Great effort has been put into determining what the celestial light that served as a guide to such enigmatic and important characters could have been. One of the most credited theories that has attracted the most attention is Miguel Gilarte Fernández’s – director of the Astronomical Observatory in Almadén de la Plata, Seville. He suggested that the sudden appearance of a supernova was the reason why the Three Wise Men started their journey towards Bethlehem. A supernova is an event that occurs upon the death of certain types of stars. Compared to a star’s entire history, the visual appearance of a galactic supernova is very brief, perhaps spanning several months, so that the chances of observing one is roughly once in a lifetime. Only a tiny fraction of the stars in our universe have the capacity of becoming a supernova, which has made the recording of these phenomena difficult in the past. It is, therefore, very difficult to determine if the star of Bethlehem was indeed the birth of a supernova. According to another hypothesis, the appearance of the famous star coincided with the appearance of the Halley comet. In 1304, the famous painter Giotto depicted said phenomenon in one of his paintings, awakening theories and ideas about such a possibility. However, the theory was discredited when it was proven that the comet’s appearance occurred twelve years before the birth of Mary’s son. Nowadays, Dr. Aleks Scholz – who specializes in the development and structure of stars and planets – has raised the possibility of the star of Bethlehem being connected to an astronomical event that involved a planetary alignment instead of a supernova explosion or the passage of a comet. According to studies conducted by Dr. Scholz, on the date of Jesus’ birth, there were several planetary alignments. Jupiter and Saturn aligned in the year 7 B.C., and between the years 3 and 2 A.C. Saturn aligned itself with Mercury and later on with Venus respectively, and finally, Jupiter aligned itself with Venus and Mercury. The last alignment could have created the phenomenon that led these Three Wise Men from the East to Jesus. Dr. Scholz’s theory has been very popular among the media and cultural circles since it coincides better with the dates that have been historically associated with Christmas. To conclude, leaving aside all scientific theories on such a striking event, humanity has always been in favor of finding a guide that would lead us to the truth of our existence and the secrets of the cosmos. It is, therefore, not unreasonable to use this event as a reminder of the importance of following spiritual guidance. Without it, we could not find peace in our hearts – a peace that these three travelers could have possibly found by following Bethlehem’s star. Sign up to receive our latest news! By submitting this form, I agree to the terms.
Mind Matters Natural and Artificial Intelligence News and Analysis TagIntelligent design theory Colorful numbers background How Even Random Numbers Show Evidence of Design Random number generators are actually pseudo-random number generators because they depend on designed algorithms In Define information before you talk about it, neurosurgeon Michael Egnor interviewed engineering prof Robert J. Marks on the way information, not matter, shapes our world (October 28, 2021). In the first portion, Egnor and Marks discussed questions like: Why do two identical snowflakes seem more meaningful than one snowflake. Then they turned to the relationship between information and creativity. Is creativity a function of more information? Or is there more to it? And human intervention make any difference? Many questions arose during the discussion. Does Mount Rushmore have no more information than Mount Fuji? Does human intervention make a measurable difference? That’s specified complexity. Putting the idea of specified complexity to work, how do we measure meaningful information? How… “If Nobody Looks at the Moon, Does It Exist?” and Other Metaphysical Questions If no one is looking at the moon, does it exist? Why has materialism been around for so long? Will computers ever be conscious? What happens to our consciousness after we die? Bernardo Kastrup tackles these questions and more with Michael Egnor in another bingecast! Show Notes 0:00:28 \| Introducing Dr. Bernardo Kastrup 0:01:22 \| How quantum mechanics points to… signal noise visualization.jpg Futuristic heads up display blue green abstract interface How the Explanatory Filter Can Help Quash Conspiracy Theories I found Dembski’s explanatory filter quite helpful in investigating voter fraud claims William Dembski’s explanatory filter is a decision strategy for identifying events that are unlikely to have happened purely by chance. The filter proceeds in three main steps, which can be illustrated via the plot device in Contact, a novel (1985) by Carl Sagan, followed by a film (1997): Eliminate events of large probability (necessity): A radio telescope receives a pattern of beeps and pauses. Perhaps the pattern seems strange to us but we could just be overinterpreting inevitable space noise. Eliminate events of medium probability (chance): The pattern turns out to be a sequence of prime numbers. However, large randomly generated numbers sometimes feature apparent patterns (five 5s in a row, for example) that don’t signify anything. Specify the event… The concept of building a business network Businessmen experience a global network and global online trading development system exchange. Wikipedia’s Bias Meets a Free-Speech Alternative The famously free encyclopedia’s pages on abortion, communism, and historical figures reveal a left-leaning bias Last December, Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger announced that he would be launching a free speech alternative to Wikipedia, a website that Sanger believes has lost its credibility as a neutral source of information. Sanger’s Encyclosphere is meant to be “an open encyclopedia network” (Sanger compares it to “the blogosphere”) with the goal of “build(ing) a network that … all of humanity owns and no one exclusively controls.” One of Wikipedia’s declared “fundamental principle(s)” is NPOV – neutral point of view. Wikipedia defines NPOV as “representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic.” “This policy is non-negotiable,” the website states. But according to Sanger, “Wikipedia’s ‘NPOV’ is dead.” … GMO Farming Is GMO Detection an Application of Dembski’s Explanatory Filter? If so, it would be an instance of the use of the filter in biology Have you ever heard people say that intelligent design (ID) theory has never been applied to biology? They are wrong! In fact, it is applied frequently in the very important field of detecting genetically modified organisms (GMOs). “A genetically modified organism contains DNA that has been altered using genetic engineering.” (National Geographic) Detection can trace the use of GMOs, now frequent in our food supply, so that products can be recalled if there is a problem or if people just don’t want to use GMO products. GMOs are intelligently designed biological organisms, and scientists use design theorist William Dembski’s explanatory filter to detect GMOs. My claim is a bit daring, perhaps alarming for some people. Maybe I’m stretching the definition… Line Design Composition The Evolution (or Not) of Consciousness Did consciousness evolve? How do materialists deal with the definition of consciousness? Dr. Michael Egnor and Dr. Bernardo Kastrup discuss consciousness, evolution, and intelligent design. Show Notes 00:28 \| Introducing Dr. Bernardo Kastrup 01:05 \| Did consciousness evolve? 03:35 \| Two alternatives for Darwinists 05:00 \| Intelligent design theory 07:15 \| Jerry Fodor on natural selection 10:52 \| Random mutations… group of people swims in a mud Why Consciousness Couldn’t Just Evolve from the Mud Kastrup, a panpsychist, is sympathetic to the basic intuitions behind the idea that there is design in nature (intelligent design theory) In a recent podcast, “Does the Moon Exist if No One is Looking at It?”, neurosurgeon Michael Egnor interviewed philosopher and computer programmer Bernardo Kastrup. Dr. Kastrup has been, in Dr. Egnor’s words, “leading a modern renaissance of metaphysical idealism”—that is, reality is essentially mental rather than physical. Read More › Robot typing on keyboard Bingecast: George Montañez on Intelligence and the Turing Test Brown Nautilus Shell What Do the Turing Test and ID Have in Common? Read More › The Turing Test, Artificial Intelligence, and Intelligent Design Animal clouds shape How Business Intelligence Can Break the Data Deadlock Read More ›
Magnetogenetics: The Initiative to Control Human Behavior with Injections, Funded By Mark Zuckerberg Listen to this article The ability to control things (including people) with magnetic fields is no longer restricted to the mischief of comic book villains. Using synthetic biology to figure out just what neurons do has always been a tricky task, because it has been limited by requiring invasive surgery (optogenetics) or slow on-off kinetics (drugs). But now magnetogenetics emerges as a new alternative. Building on the concept of a system similar to optogenetics but powered by magnets, a talented team from the University of Virginia has brought forth “Magneto”. Magneto’s inducible powers come from the fusion of a calcium channel (TRPV4) to a gene containing two subunits of the paramagnetic ferritin protein (FTL and FTH1). The system takes advantage of TRPV4’s ability to respond to physical pressure, which allows the channel to be opened by the magnetic torque created by an overly excited ferritin. Magneto also contains a sub-cellular trafficking signal to localize it to the plasma membrane. When these channels open, a calcium transient occurs, which depolarizes the membrane and results in neuronal signaling. The team then turned to magnetogenetic proof of concept experiments using some relatively easily purchased magnets: Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells transfected with Magneto showed a 2.5 fold increase in calcium transients upon magnetic stimulation. Notably, these electromagnets were purchased from eBay and generated a ~50 mT static magnetic field. Electrophysiological experiments in mouse brain slices showed that Magneto can rapidly and reversibly depolarize the membrane of excitatory neurons in a magnetic field. Taking the system in vivo, the team examined Zebrafish embryos where a magnetic field resulted in a standard behavioural coiling response. Finally, the team turned to engineered mice and created a chamber with two arms. One arm contained magnetic field gradients (of 50-250 mT generated by 8 rare earth magnets) and the other arm had no magnetic field. Magneto was inserted into striatal dopamine receptor 1 neurons of the mice, which resulted in them preferring to spend time in the arm of a chamber with a pleasure inducing magnetic field. This clever approach shows a casual role for the specific neurons in mediating reward behavior in mice. First author Michael Wheeler shares, “These response behaviors, in two separate species of animals, validate that the cells containing the synthetic gene turn on in a magnetic field. This field can penetrate the brain regardless of tissue density – like MRI – and can turn on specific circuits at a specific time, whenever the test subject is within the magnetic field.” Senior author Ali Deniz Güler concludes, “We may have discovered a major step toward developing a ‘dream tool’ for remotely controlling neural circuits, by manipulating specific cells using engineered gene products that respond to magnets.” Control of mouse behavior through Genetic manipulation is being done now. See detailed article here: Magnogenetics – A New Technique For Controlling Mouse Behavior. He basically connects the dots right off the bat with Ferritin and Voltage-gated calcium channels. (See Dr. Pall’s research: ) Another piece of information Peter Brent Littlewood is a British physicist and Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago. He was the 12th Director of Argonne National Laboratory. In 2019 at the University of Illinois, he discussed in presentation the plausibility and functionality of magnetogenetics. This video has been heavily suppressed and censored. Is Sterilization the Primary Goal of Magnetogenetics? These syringes can reportedly serve multiple purposes. One is sterilization, the other is neural remote control using nanoparticles and electromagnetic fields. I’ve continued digging on the latter topic. It is really amazing how openly and widely reported the magnetic nanoparticles for mind control from a distance are in the military and medical community. One who knows the subject well is Professor James Giordano. Quickly to his person: James Giordano, PhD, MPhil, is director of the Neuroethics Studies Program, Scholar-in-Residence, directs the sub-program in Military Medical Ethics, and is co-director of the O’Neill-Pellegrino Program in Brain Science and Global Health Law and Policy at the Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; and he is a professor in the Neurology and Biochemistry Departments at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA. He is also Distinguished Visiting Professor for Brain Research, Health Promotion and Ethics at the University of Applied Sciences Coburg in Germany, and was previously the 2011-2012 JW Fulbright Foundation Visiting Professor for Neuroscience and Neuroethics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, Germany. Prof. Giordano is currently Chairman of the Neuroethics Program of the IEEE Brain Project and an appointed member of the Neuroethics, Legal and Social Issues (NELSI) Advisory Panel of the Defense Advanced Research Projects’ Agency (DARPA). Previously, he was Research Fellow and Task Leader of the EU Human Brain Project Sub-Project on Dual-Use Brain Science, appointed member of the United States Department of Health and Human Services Secretary’s Advisory Council on Human Research Protections (SACHRP) and Senior Science Advisory Fellow of the Strategic Multilayer Assessment Branch of the Joint Staff of the Pentagon. James Giordano So he is a neuroscientist, neuroethicist and works for the US military, above all for our old friends from DARPA, who somehow are always there when it comes to technologies of the fallen. His work “Battlescape Brain: Leadership and Leadership in the Preparation and Use of Neurocognitive Science in Military and Intelligence Operations” is particularly interesting. He presents them on Youtube and begins: “What the field of neuroscience and technology (NeuroS / T) has done is bring the brain to our fingertips. They have given us the opportunity to use and implement a variety of different convergent scientific and technological tools and methods to investigate and influence access to human thinking, emotions and behavior. Namely by those who are intrinsic and fundamental to leadership and performance in the military reconnaissance and war environment. The ability to do this is certainly applicable across a wide range of usage patterns and usage communities within the military, and I hope to illustrate some of them. But more and more we understand that the lines we draw in between are called fuzzy borders: what is medicine, what training, what commitment, what treatment, what enhancement and how far do we go? In addition, the ability to use brain science and its technologies allows us to influence human actions and to support human actions on a variety of levels. Individual, groups, teams -maybe even entire populations. And big data is increasingly becoming a force multiplier. An indispensable tool that gives these assessments real-time access to a multitude of mass data, which not only enables what brain research is capable of, but also translates it into a variety of application scenarios. And what are these application scenarios: Well, let’s add one and one together. If I can gauge what’s going on in the gray stuff in your head to produce the great stuff of your thoughts, emotions, and behavior, then I’ve clearly gotten a glimpse of what makes you tick, from a level that extends the whole Goes away from the cells to the social level. From the personal to the political level. And if I can go one step further then, if you will, I can use these assessments as a kind of fact-finding mission. And the question is: what am I supposed to clarify here? I’ll tell you what I’m scouting. I explore possible targets for interaction at different levels, from non-invasive low-tech to highly-invasive high-tech, but not necessarily invasively in a surgical way, but invasively in a penetrative way, in aubiquitous way that allows us to enter the brain without using the grossly invasive techniques of surgery. Using other techniques and technologies, such as nanotechnology , various aspects of guided electromagnetic current and displacementwhich then allows us to influence the brain on different levels. Certainly through machine computer and brain interfaces, but more and more through the use of electromagnetics, onboard clouding, satellite technology, the same thing that operates your cell phone, and that not only offers us windows to the brain, but vectors to the brain that make it enable us to read information in real time from brain nodes, networks, circuits and entire brain systems – remotely controlled – and also to act on these brains remotely.” I find the statement here particularly shocking how he would use big data to find certain targets for this remote hearing control using nanoparticles and electromagnetics. When you consider that such technology could be in the syringes, it gets cold down your spine. I have always thought and said that one day the powers that be will use big data/big tech to quietly make all dissidents disappear in one go. The whole system of remote control by magnetogenetics is not an abstract thing that has only been tested on mice, but the DARPA has been making concrete plans to use this technology to control their soldiers in “future” war missions. But remember: The future is now.. and all of the weapons will end up being used on us. Two TIME special editions from 1999 with clear symbols. “How genetic engineering will change us in the next century”… As always, they announce everything. January 17, 1994 \| Vol. 143 No. 3 I’m starting to think ‘The Future is now’ was a military/intelligence code. Then I came across quite interesting nanoparticles: iron oxide nanoparticles. CLINAM is a European foundation for clinical nanomedicine (of course it has its headquarters in Switzerland), which every year bring to life a summit where all leading researchers, doctors, pharmacologists and investors of the worldwide nanomedicine meet. This foundation, by the way, is supported by a bunch of governments and NGOs, including the FDA and the European Commission. At the summit in 2016, Swiss Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heinrich Hofmann gave a rather revealing talk on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) and their medical uses. He explained that the size of the nanoparticle has an impact on its properties. Depending on the size, they have different magnetic properties – for example, they only become superparamagnetic at 10nm and smaller. From then on, they are called SPION’s (Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle), pronounced “spy on”…that is, spying on… In addition, the biological capabilities change. For accumulation in the target tissue, in the example he takes a tumor of course, the iron oxide nanoparticles must be between 10 and 20 nanometers small. In magnetic hyperthermal treatment, the nanoparticles end up in specific tissues, in this example a tumor (but could be anything, of course), which are then heated by external RF radiation. This can apparently be used to shrink tumor cells, and that’s probably how they generated the investor money, but in my last article I showed that external RF heating of these nanoparticles can also stimulate neurons in the brain in a way that can trigger behavioral responses in vivo. So, mind control by RF radiation. These SPIONs in DNA vaccines are nothing new, for example, here is a study from 2014 and 2011, SPIONs were already used in malaria DNA vaccines. But I would like to go into the picture below in particular. Here he explains how these paramagnetic nanoparticles are constructed and in which directions they can go with them. By the way, the paramagnetic ferritin particles in some SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that I mentioned in the last article are exactly these iron oxide nanoparticles in a protein. Here an in vivo SARS-CoV 2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine study on primates: And here one by the US Army on humans: It seems like IONP, or magnetic beads, are the core of this technology and different uses are possible depending on the outer shell. The target receptors can include RNA, DNA or cells, but also molecules, proteins and polymers. So you can practically dock them where you want in the body, depending on the genetic programming. The particles can also receive different magnetic, optical and electrochemical signals. Iron oxide is also approved in food and in dietary supplements under the number E172 – however, they are mostly somewhat larger and so, in the eyes of the legislature, no nanoparticles, although the legislature admits that they may contain nanoparticles. As I said: Better to stay away from that. And a few slides further he talks about this outer shell, the protein corona. And his research also comes to the conclusion that these iron oxide nanoparticles have medical benefits, but are toxic without a specific coating and can damage DNA. But how do you manage that these nanoparticles end up exactly in certain target regions in the body, such as the bone marrow and the ovaries? The structures of the nanoparticles can be designed so that they only dock on certain target proteins. I found this video from January 2020 which explains exactly how atomic protein shells for vaccine production can be developed with the Rosetta software. And here, too, the self-assimilating ferritin proteins are described as a useful shell. Fact checkers” are always quick to point out that there is nothing magnetic in the vaccines and are happy to refer to the manufacturer’s official information on the contents. But that is a very lazy, naive, and even deliberately deceptive approach to the matter. As always, they divert attention away from the actual topic and concentrate on the straw man argument. The fact is: These paramagnetic iron oxide or ferritin nanoparticle technologies have existed for several years. The fact is: They have already been used in vaccines. The fact is: The manufacturers of these substances often have long lists of past cases of fraud and unethical behavior and are therefore not trustworthy (especially Pfizer). The fact is: In the US, vaccines are distributed by the US military. A state body with experience in covert operations and a hierarchy of confidentiality. The fact is: The huge military apparatus of this country has been developing nanoparticles for years for the neurological remote control of their soldiers. (DARPA, Dr. Chales Morgan, James Giordano etc.) The fact is: Simply to say that the thousands of videos of magnetic people, especially of random passers-by, are “fake” does not invalidate anything at all. They show that this technology could actually have been used. The fact is: The contents of the syringes were never checked directly in the doctor’s office; the manufacturer’s information on the contents is fully trusted. The fact is: Hardly anyone really claims that an RFID chip is injected with it. This is a straw man argument that you consciously put forward. It is about nanoparticles primed on certain proteins that are distributed in the body and act like tiny antennas. I’ve already reported on the funny background of Snopes and Co. What is strange: Not too long ago, radiologists were being warned that patients who had recently received the syringe could result in false positive scan images (e.g. during an MRI scan). The vaccine causes temporary swelling of the lymph nodes, which could then be misdiagnosed as cancer, so you should wait at least a week to get a scan. This may even be true, it has also been observed with other vaccines, but one thing I thought about: An MRI scanner is no further than an extremely powerful magnetic coil, which you definitely cannot get into with metals like Eg piercings are allowed. Would he pull the nanoparticles out of the body if they weren’t docked yet? You would probably not even notice, because they are so small that they can easily penetrate all cell walls, cause no pain and you would not be able to see them with the naked eye. You’d probably just be out there. Interestingly, when they are controlled by magnetic fields, they just copy a naturally occurring mechanism that many living things have. For example, bees, birds, house pigeons, mollusks and some bacteria use iron oxide nanoparticles such as magnetite grains for orientation and locomotion. But most regions of the human brain also contain around five million magnetite crystals per gram and the outer meninges contain 100 million magnetite crystals. We are also connected to the magnetic field of the earth. At least until it is replaced by the synthetic magnetic/RF control network. There is also an interesting anomaly in history related to magnetism and hypnosis. Animal magnetism, also mesmerism, is the name given to a force in humans that was postulated in the 18th century and that is analogous to electromagnetism and that was propagated by Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815). In 1771, Mesmer believed he had discovered what medical research in past centuries had unsuccessfully sought: a central agent of the human organism for controlling nerves, muscles and bodily fluids. The invisible principle, called by him fluidum, all-flood or also fire of life (because of its ability to melt blockades), should flow through the universe and all organisms. In the body of the human being it works “in that the currents of the All-Fluid flow through the nerves onto the innermost organism of the muscular fevers and determine their movements”. This principle should be able to be directed by appropriate precautions or by touches by suitable healers (magnetizers). This seemed to be the key to healing, because the stagnation of this circulation was for Mesmer the cause of all diseases. This would only be solved by a healing crisis, which is why his magnetic healing methods aimed at artificially creating such a crisis. In the same way as astronomers and physicists at the time assumed the existence of an ether, Mesmer also assumed an ether, precisely the fluid in which forces between living bodies interactAct. His starting point was the fact, discovered in the 18th century, that certain arrangements of different metals and liquids create a fluidum that stimulates nerves and muscles. Without knowledge of the electromagnetic phenomena, Mesmer and other scientists resorted to “vitalistic” models: They assumed they had found an invisible “vital substance” that flows through the organism and can also be emitted by suitable, medially gifted people. Indian and Chinese performances, which were already involved in the big cities of Europe at that time, could not be ruled out. At least the conception of the vital substance that flows through the body is identical to the Indian conception of prana and the Far Eastern conception of chi physical blockage of which is cured by acupuncture. Mesmer, by manipulating this fluid by hand, was believed to be able to hypnotize and heal people. Today it is assumed that he worked with classical means of suggestion. Mesmerism remained very popular in the German, French and later English upper classes in the 18th century, but was temporarily suppressed as ” noble occultism ” under Napoleon. Basically, it is wordless hypnosis that only requires eye contact, hand movements and touch. Mesmerism is still used today, here a video of a mesmerizer who supposedly controls a person like a doll. And presumably Jesus and other healers use these hypnosis techniques of human magnetism to heal. Mesmerism: The Operator Inducing a Hypnotic Trance, engraving after Dodd, 1794. Plate from Ebenezer Sibly’s book, A Key to Physic, 1794. Even if Wikipedia pretends that Franz Anton Mesmer was a charlatan whose science was only accepted by a few, the symbolism on his tombstone in Meersburg speaks a clear language. He was part of the Illuminated Cabal and is honored by it to this day with several statues. His legacy even found its way into our language (to mesmerize = to cast a spell). On the sides of the triangular marble column you can see an all-seeing eye, a uroboros snake around a compass and a burning torch with a star. The latter is a symbol of the transmission and conservation of the bright light of the theosophical knowledge of the fallen angels (Lucifer the Bringer of Light). So it is possible to hypnotize, enslave and remotely control people with human magnetism. However, the public should see this idea as idiotic. Here he even looks like an emperor of dark power or an evil wizard. It does not matter rather you call it magic, mesmerism, hypnosis or MK-Ultra mind control. There are different terms for the same occult technique that has been used by the Illuminated for centuries – the complete submission of your mind and body through words, certain movements and trigger signals. And the mesmerism, which was suspiciously practiced especially by the nobility, knows that behind it there is a magnetic process and an influence on this “etheric field” by gifted people, which is inherent in our bodies and the entire universe. The functioning of this ether was previously well known and the techniques for influencing this field were already practiced by the Egyptian priests. Today this esoteric knowledge has long been hidden in their secret societies. ”Power” in Star Wars to waving the magic wand and speaking spells in Harry Potter – just to name the most famous ones. They are constantly using hypnosis on us and no one is aware of it. For example, since the turn of the millennium, every news program has been introduced with classic hypnosis techniques: a countdown that counts down (the daily news is followed by a chime of the gong), followed by vibrating animations and camera movements (usually a picture of the globe is also transferred to the subconscious set)… and your brain is already in a relaxed and very suggestive alpha-wave state. Your subconscious is open and accepts the “information” which you are given afterwards without rationally evaluating them. And at the end of the show you are brought out again with new animations and auditory cues. It is a subtle form of brainwashing, it opens you up to accept ideas, learn things, and promotes creativity – which you also need to swallow the lies. Through meditation, you can also reach an alpha wave state, but you focus inward into the state and are not fed ideas from the outside. But just the flicker frequency of the TV screen on which these news or movies are watched puts the brain of the viewer into the suggestive alpha wave state (light hypnosis). This effect is known to everyone who has ever lost himself in a flickering campfire. That’s why so many people turn on the TV after work to relax and let themselves be sprinkled – because it doesn’t matter what’s on, the mere flickering of the box acts like a tranquilizer pill. Only their subconscious is literally programmed by the TV program. In the same way, the application of Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) is also used in their scripts and politicians’ speeches, as well as the lulling speech melody which the moderator puppets learn in speech training. All of this is ancient magic, ‘dark arts’ if you will, with which they subtly control the masses and insert their suggestions into the mind. Absolute mind control. It has only become more perfected and technological with time. Here are examples of the hypnosis animations of European news broadcasts – but in the rest of the world it has become just as standard. Hypnotic trance states have been an integral part of human experience since the beginning of time, they are an integral part of meditation, music, dance and intoxication. But you can also abuse them to exercise power over other people. It cannot be mentioned often enough – but I digress. The point is: your mind control techniques could always have had something to do with human magnetism. Therefore it is not surprising that they will take the mind control of the masses to the next level with magnetic nanoparticles. The reports of magnetized people after vaccination don’t stop. Unfortunately, there is another development that I came across while researching this article: More and more people are reportedly becoming magnetic who have not injected themselves. As with the injections, it is particularly noticeable that people have magnetic properties on the chest, especially on the sternum and collarbone, and magnets and metallic objects stick. A Mexican TV show wanted to “debunk” the magnetism thing and make fun of it with relish. They tested it live with their audience and employees. Lo and behold: some of them got their cellphone and spoon hanging. And again not with all of them, because depending on how long ago the vaccination was, they have already put the particles at their destination. It really hurts to look at that stupid laugh. When I saw that a lot of the unsprayed became magnetic, I immediately tried it out myself, because it suddenly became clear to me that I had never tried it myself. Logical, I didn’t get splashed with it either? But after several self-experiments I came to the conclusion that this effect does not occur in me – at least not strong enough. But I will check this periodically. What about with you? Then I remembered Pfizer’s FOIA inquiry about the distribution of nanoparticles in the body. In addition to the ovaries, there is also a high level of accumulation in the bone marrow. And where is most of the bone marrow in the body? In the sternum, collarbone, shoulder blade and spine!! This could mean that my worst fears, alluded to in the last article, have become a reality: Of course, they put this stuff in everywhere to really get everyone. Probably for a few years now (domestic source), the syringes only serve to ensure the correct dose and to make the future logistics of administering new nanotechnologies more efficient and precise. Would you have thought of trying out whether your collarbone is magnetic a year ago? No of course not. What for? Nobody would be. And that’s why it was not noticed. Well, except for a few exceptions. So there have been a few “magneto” people in the last ten years or so. Dismissed as strange freaks of nature, they mostly ended up on TV shows or in the Guinness Book of Records. What is noticeable: Here, too, mostly only the chest, collarbone, neck and upper back were magnetic. Were it that people whom were exposed to high concentrations of nano-poisoning in their food, targeted tests of the technology were made here without them having noticed anything (e.g. by a doctor involved who injected an adapted flu shot or something) or are there natural causes for this? There have been a few such cases in recent history. The effect has mostly been blamed on the surface adhesion of the skin, and at least in one case this has been proven in a scientific experiment. But not all of them can be explained in this way. Magnetic Man World Record 2013 The real question: What else is this stuff in? Besides the PCR tests, the first thing that immediately came to my mind and also at the top of the suspect list is meat and dairy products. They simply add the stuff to the dozens of vaccines that chickens, cattle and pigs receive in factory farming. The cattle have had a legal vaccination requirement for a long time. For example, I found this ferritin nanoparticle vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease in cattle and pigs and at least the U.S. government have a vaccine bank set up in the summer of 2020 by a German pharmaceutical company for a potential outbreak… or this study of a SPION vaccine against bonovines herpesvirus, which is common in cattle. Or this study of a SPY vaccine against the bonovine herpes virus, which is widespread in cattle: In the present study, the PEI was coated on the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), namely PEI magnetic beads, in order to reduce the PEI toxicity and increase the cytophagocytic effect of the surface. This nanoparticle DNA vaccine was produced by adsorbing antigen-expressing plasmids onto PEI magnetic beads. In addition, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 was used as a protective layer to prevent the DNA degradation induced by respiratory microbes and mucus and to extend the time the DNA was present in vivo. The prepared nanoparticle DNA vaccine could easily penetrate the organism through the mucosal barrier due to its small particle size. And therefore easily from our digestive organs into the bloodstream. The naturally heat-resistant SPY particles could regularly find their way into our body through food and accumulate at their destinations. And indeed: if you place a neodymium magnet on a chicken breast or a piece of cheese from the supermarket, it will stick. That this meat still contains a little ferrous blood is clear, but enough for a magnet? Then the magnet would have to stick to the skin of people when it is attracted by the iron in the blood… And what about the cheese? Unfortunately, it cannot be completely ruled out that other food is also contaminated, although this has not yet been determined. It might sound stupid, but there have been several reports of folks so worried, they won’t go shopping without a magnet. Many people have also reported that their magnets don’t seem to get stuck with meat from the “organic farmer around the corner”. If this is also in the water supply or the air (chemtrails) we are certainly screwed. Other sources could of course be personal care products, and I’ve noticed a strange trend in those. It all started with the Prada perfume advertisement, which contained very obvious Black-Cube/Black-Goo symbolism (as the saying goes: the devil wears Prada ). But I noticed that this “carbon“ is now suddenly being sold everywhere. Perfumes, deodorants, shampoos and even toothpaste. It is officially activated carbon, which is supposed to have positive health effects, but such a large increase all at once? Then why do they only write carbon, that is, carbon? And activated charcoal in the perfume and shampoo doesn’t make any sense at all? I also noticed that some of them even have the hexagon symbolism on it – the symbol of the hive mind (the beehive mentality that has been brought into line by magnetogenetics). And ‘Black Goo’ aka Graphene Oxide is also supposed to consist of a certain carbon-nanotube compound, so maybe it can be smuggled into the products. Here I have put together a selection of current products, pay attention to it the next time you are in the drugstore. And you can comment on your finds here. What do you think of it, could there be anything to it? There could be a lot more to this. There is also the Spanish biostatisticians Ricardo Delgado and Dr. José Luis Sevillano who have been there to carefully examine a dose of the vaccine (Pfizer). Using electron microscopy, they found graphene oxide nanoparticles in it and had this confirmed by several experts. On the left the sample of the vaccine, on the right a graphene oxide nanoparticle. The agreement is clear. He says that these graphene particles have the property of becoming magnetic when mixed with living biomolecules (i.e. our body). In front of it, i.e. in the bottle, the particles are not magnetic. Magnetism ensures that, similar to the magnetism of hard disks, more “information can be stored on it”. He continues: “They did it here, in this microscope, which exactly reproduces the conditions of the cosmos space with a minimum pressure and a temperature of 270ºC below zero. Only in this way could they achieve the miracle. Our scientists believe that they could grow neurons on graphs and control their impulses by perturbing and controlling the signal sent by neurons that are eventually grown on graphs. And that’s a really exciting possibility because it could help fight a lot of neurological diseases. Graphs – how could it not be? There are no limits to curiosity.“ I immediately rang the bell for Graphene because this material has been cherished as the coming revolution in materials science for several years. It has been known for a long time, but it was only really usable since 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, who won the Nobel Prize for it in 2010. The same spirit of optimism that arose from plastic in the 1960s can now be felt in the materials science community at Graphene, because the material has some interesting properties. It is extremely stable and at the same time elastic and light as a feather. It is a very good conductor of electricity and has some very unusual pseudo properties. By elastic deformation, tiny triangular bubbles of 4 to 10 nanometers in size were created in graphene, in which the electrons moved in such a way that as if a magnetic field of around 300 Tesla were acting on them. It turned out that the observed effect, in contrast to the effect of a real magnetic field, does not influence the actual spin of the electron, but that instead the just mentioned pseudo-spin is influenced, which is related to the existence of two different equivalent base atoms in the honeycomb-structure related. Low-defect graphene nanomeshes produced with a non-lithographic process show ferromagnetism with a large amplitude even at room temperature. In addition, a spin-pumping effect is found for fields that are applied parallel to the planes of the thin-layer ferromagnetic nanomeshes, while a magnetoresistive hysteresis loop is observed under perpendicular fields. The title of this video is also a little… creepy. On Wikipedia we also find the cause of the hexagon swarm symbolism: Graphene is the name for a modification of carbon with a two-dimensional structure, in which each carbon atom is surrounded by three more at an angle of 120 °, so that a honeycomb-shaped one Pattern trains. And the very substance of this structure will transform us into the behavior of a worker bee. Double symbolism. I suspect a specific company behind the production of these particles: Nanografi Their logo is also a hexagon with a capital G inside, similar to the G in the Masonic Circle. If you want and have a few hundred dollars over, you can buy a few grams of magnetic iron oxide particles, graphene oxide particles or carbon nanotube particles here. Customers include well-known universities and large companies from all over the world. This company has direct connections to the Turkish politician and minister Mustafa Varank, who is working with Nanografi to bring the first nasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on graphene nanoparticles to market this year. You really can’t make something like this up, they always talk about it extremely openly and publicly, but all listeners lack the foresight to recognize the connections of what is actually going on. With those only remains hanging: Cool, vaccination through the nose. Finally safe again. The Spanish scientists also believe in a synergetic effect with the radiation from 5G networks. In an interview he is asked by a user: “If SARS-CoV-2 does not exist, what do Fauci and the Wuhan laboratory have to do with all of this?” Nothing. It is precisely that element of confusion that people continue to draw biological conclusions. Smoke candles, scenarios of a diversionary operation, which is called a smoke candle in military language. There is only one thing that is real here – whoever it hurts because it was wrong to go other ways back then – and that is that there is a technology that was introduced at the same time that this pandemic was set in motion. Apparently there’s one goal in this pandemic, and that’s to vaccinate everyone, remember? I no longer know how to say that this vaccine does not protect against the disease, neither against transmission nor against infection. You can’t vaccinate everyone with this intent because it won’t work, and yet everyone is pushed to the vaccine. It has been said that the Spanish national team should not be vaccinated because they are not a high-risk population and do not have a particularly high risk, on the contrary. The rest of the world does, however. We are not all at risk, but they are not. Do you realize that the strategy is to vaccinate? If our goal is to vaccinate everyone, and in three doses every year, then what the hell? What virus in the world have we ever treated to have three doses a year? Of what? And yet you are seeing a massive vaccination campaign – inexplicably massive – because there is no justification for the effects this vaccine is supposed to have on the organism that does not immunize against becoming infected or infected. And you see all the antennas that have been installed at a speed this past year. So don’t you know how to add one and one together? What I’ve been saying here for a long time: the elements are very clear. And he is right, the global expansion of the 5G network that began in 2019 naturally correlates with the administration of the syringes. During the pandemic year 2020 and 2021, it was not slowed down a bit and continued steadily – despite lockdowns. GigWifi is also spreading more and more. The transmitter masts for activating the control were brought into position. And then he refers to a speech by the Chilean President Sebastián Piñera in which he constantly tells the truth with a wink that 5G machines can read and change our thoughts and feelings and that one day it will become the social nervous system of society. Sounds like a collective spirit that dominates you from afar and replaces your own nervous system. Sounds like the ‘hive mind’. Ultimately, all of these agendas should lead to a transhuman humanity, i.e. a new species. The machine and later the digital species. And the schedule has already been set for this too. Ray Kurzweil, ex-CEO of Google, founder of Singularität University and loudest promoter of transhumanism is convinced that people will soon have nanobots in their ears and that all the world’s brains will be connected through the cloud. In 2016 he foresaw exactly the system that is currently being set up (even if he is jokingly talking about 2033). I used to always ask myself where do these people actually get the complacency to assume that we want that too and will do it en masse? They always pretend it’s a definite fact that is taking place. Now today we understand why they are so confident about that. We don’t have a word to say and they’ll trick us into this system. And bring humanity to its knees so deep that it will look like salvation. A machine or digital people cannot get sick, grow old, die and when all spirits are connected there will be no more hatred and war. So it promises the complete opposite of what humanity is experiencing now and especially in the next few years. The spiritual “We are all One” propaganda of the last few years will do the rest here so that people will accept it. Because after that we really are a ghost, but all of this is a fat lie. In this collective your personality, your uniqueness, your soul and your connection to individuality will be missing. It becomes an eternal hell from which one cannot even be freed by death. Ray Kurzweil believes that we will become machines by 2045 and then we will be “immortal gods”. The years 2030 and 2045 are repeatedly mentioned by these people, for planned milestones in this development. And we know from the past that they stick to their schedule exactly. We have been fed these concepts for years. What Does This Mean? Here’s where things get really interesting. This means that we can theoretically save people who have taken the experimental injection. For example A woman in a hospital with doctors and nurses finds metal objects are sticking to COVID vaccine injection site, not just magnets. A portion of those being vaccinated are being experimented on unknowingly. Superparamagnetic nanoparticle delivery of DNA vaccine: Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for effective delivery of malaria DNA vaccine Magnetofection – a reproducible method for gene delivery to melanoma cells Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: magnetic nanoplatforms as drug carriers Genetically targeted magnetic control of the nervous system: More resources: Notify of Inline Feedbacks View all comments Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
New film explains how Farming with Alternative Pollinators (FAP) can increase yields May 1, 2020 \| Research A new film published by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) shows how farmers can increase their income through Farming with Alternative Pollinators (FAP). The method was developed by Dr. Stefanie Christmann. Practical instructions The 50-minute film explains how FAP works and presents some of the findings of a research project carried out in different ecosystems in Morocco, and a pilot project in Uzbekistan. Farmers involved in the project share their experiences. The film also offers practical instructions for farmers, such as field sketches showing how different crops may be planted on a small plot. Marketable crops Pollinator protection using FAP benefits farmers, rural communities and society in general. Although the use of wildflower strips is often promoted, the wildflowers cannot be sold and do not offer additional income for the farmers. A farmer using the FAP method plants other marketable crops in strips around or between the main crop. A plot of land with different plants attracts a higher variety of pollinators and thereby helps increase and improve the quality of crop yields. The farmer can also sell the yield from the additional crops he planted. The plants may also attract natural enemies which reduce pests, allowing farmers to save money on chemical pesticides. FAP is a low-cost method which requires little effort from the farmer, making it suitable for Low and Medium as well as High Income Countries. The film also explains how low-cost national policies can support pollinator protection. The team encourages synchronization of the film to more languages. Watch the film on YouTube Download the film Blooming dill
DR Congo DRC: What we know about the ongoing Ebola outbreak The current Ebola outbreak in northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) likely began in May but wasn’t declared until August 1 after a case was reported in Mangina, North Kivu. As of October 16, the number of Ebola cases has reached 216 (181 confirmed). Of these, 139 people have died (104 of which were confirmed cases), indicating that the outbreak is far from over. The epidemiological situation is worrisome. So far, health officials in North Kivu and Ituri provinces—including Mandima, Mabalako, Beni, Oicha, Butembo, Kalunguta, Masareka, and Musienene—have reported confirmed or probable cases of Ebola. While the spread of the epidemic appears to be slowing in the the epicenter of Mangina, in the Mabalako health zone, a new confirmed case was recorded on September 23. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is particularly concerned by the scattered pattern of the outbreak and the fact it has now spread to Butembo, a city of about one million people. Worryingly, the number of cases in the city of Beni also increased considerably in October, and a new case was recorded in Tchomia on September 20, near the Ugandan border. While more than 1,842 contacts have been identified and more than 1,704 are being followed up by the Congolese Ministry of Health (MoH), epidemiological teams are still working to identify all active chains of transmission. What’s different about this outbreak? While this outbreak of Ebola is the tenth to occur in DRC, the fact that it is occurring in a densely populated area marked by conflict and regular population movement complicates efforts to educate people about the disease, identify and track deaths and active chains of transmission, and trace contacts of those infected. In any Ebola response, community outreach and health promotion activities are essential to gain the trust of the community and curb the spread of the disease. Further complicating matters, North Kivu shares a border with Uganda to the east. This area sees a lot of trade, and some communities straddle the border. It is quite common for people to cross into Uganda to visit relatives or trade goods, raising risks of transmission across the border and the spread of the virus throughout the region. How are MSF and other actors responding? At the request of the MoH, MSF is part of the task force coordinating the response to the outbreak and is focusing on the traditional “six pillars” of Ebola response: isolation and proper care for the sick, surveillance, health promotion, contact tracing, safe burials, and the protection of the regular health care system. MSF currently has more than 330 staff members working in Ebola projects in North Kivu and Ituri. Within a week of the declaration of the outbreak MSF improved an isolation unit for suspected and confirmed cases in the Mangina Health Center, located at the epicenter of the outbreak, where patients were isolated and cared for while an Ebola Treatment Center (ETC) was built (the ETC opened on August 14). MSF currently works in collaboration with the MoH in ETCs in Mangina, Butembo, and Tchomia and, as of September 22, we had treated 74 patients confirmed to have Ebola and admitted 195 for testing for the virus in Mangina and Butembo. MSF teams in Uganda have also mobilized to prepare for the possibility of the outbreak crossing the border, opening an isolation tent in Bwera, a small town directly across the border from Beni and Butembo. Teams have also added an isolation tent at MSF’s regular project in Hoima, Uganda. Which vaccines and treatments are being offered? Soon after the outbreak was declared, the World Health Organization and MoH began providing the Ebola vaccine to people who had come into contact with those infected. Soon after, MSF began offering vaccinations to front line health workers, people involved in burials, and religious figures, all of whom run a higher risk of contracting Ebola. So far, 13,750 people have been vaccinated. This vaccine, rVSVDG-ZEBOV, works against the Zaire Ebola virus, the deadliest species and the same one that affected West Africa in the 2014–2016 epidemic and the Equator province of western DRC earlier this year. As the outbreak continues to spread, MSF is bringing novel medical approaches to bear to prevent new infections and improve survival chances for those who have contracted Ebola. For example, MSF has started testing blood samples of suspected cases in laboratories within the ETCs themselves, rather than in an outside lab, allowing teams to react faster to the changing medical conditions of patients. Additionally, for the first time during an Ebola outbreak, five developmental drugs (Favipiravir, Remdesivir (GS5734), REGN3470-3471-3479, ZMapp, and mAb114) have been approved for use under Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered and Investigational Interventions (MEURI) protocol (with informed consent of the patient or a family member if they are too young or too sick to consent). The presence of on-site testing capability means people who test positive for the virus can be offered these new treatments within 24 hours of case confirmation.
Text that shows in place of images or pops up when you hover your mouse over an image. Alt text, or alternative text, is written into the HTML code of a web page to describe an image in case the image doesn’t show. This can happen for a few different reasons. Some users may have images turned off so web pages load faster. Other users may have low vision or blindness, so they use special screen readers that translate web page text into an audio or a Braille-like touch format. Alt text also helps search engines “understand” images better.
How do Electronic Health Records improve patient care? Here’s your answer In the last decade, the healthcare industry has seen some radical technological changes that altered the dynamics of how organizations and practices used to function. The most prominent and useful technology of them all is Electronic Health Records (EHR) – which has made documenting patients’ information simpler, easier, and secure. Just like medical billing services ensure that practices do the right billing only for the services provided, EHR ensures that patients’ data is kept in a proper manner. However, this might arise a major question, how does electronic health records improve patient care. The main objective of EHR is to improve the quality of medical care by eliminating errors in medical record keeping. A few other added advantages of EHR is that it allows medical practitioners to access data on-demand whereas researchers can also review the data for research and educational purposes. As per National Physician Survey conducted in 2014, around 75% of the physicians are using EHR to improve patient care and it surely poses positive results on the quality of care provided to the patients. Keith Horvath, a senior director at AAMC has stated that for improving patient care, Electronic Health Records (EHR) should be implemented as it will ensure patient safety and satisfaction. Recent statistics by Statista have reflected that the global Electronic Health Records (EHR) industry is expected to grow to $40 billion in 2024, more than double its size from 2015. Having said that, the path to implement EHR at high functionality can be a challenging and slow process. However, the improvement in EHR can be attributed to the prevalence of saving patient’s lives. Electronic Health Records (EHR) Before we get into how Electronic Health Records improve patient care, let us give you a quick overview of what EHR is. The use of Electronic Health Records (EHR’s) is significantly increasing over time. This is the process of converting paper-based patient records to electronic files. Many hospitals in the US and the UK are making this practice common. However, since 2015 there has been a 15% decrease in EHR operations because many hospitals are resisting the change. If hospitals stop this resistance, the medical field can rise to new heights with this technological advancement. One major example of EHR’s success is Mount Sinai. It observed measurable successes in the early procedure of patient discharges, higher telemetry capacity, and a decrease in the number of days spent at the hospital. Other than the above-mentioned improvements, there are many more. Let’s discuss how does electronic health records improve patient care in detail below. Quality of care is improved by using Electronic Health Records Improved portability and sharing, for health care providers and patients, Patients and their healthcare professionals will be on the same page as they both would be equally knowledgeable about the health progress. The implementation of EHR at hospitals will improve transparency among the patient, their family, and the healthcare professional. Recorded information on EHR helps the medical practitioners to analyze the patient’s medical history and what health-related issues one has faced in the past. This overall analysis enhances the effectiveness of patients’ care and helps the medical staff to prescribe the right treatment for the problem without compromising on the patient’s health. Moreover, patients can also evaluate their progress and would be reminded for the follow-ups as everything would be recorded by the EHR. High-quality clinical research Doctors and healthcare professionals can increase medical research quality by having access to electronic health records. The ability to build demographic groupings, examine the active status of patients, and track drug trial participation are all analytic characteristics of Electronic Health Records (EHR) that improve the learning process of the doctors. Healthcare providers can also use the information to quickly assess the illness and generate successful treatment strategies. Other than that, it assists the healthcare professionals by allowing them to share information and findings with coworkers, research faculties, and peers to improve the quality of care provided to patients in subsequent interactions. Surprising Patient Care Results Patients who have qualified for preventive health measures, and also those who are receiving adequate prescribed treatment for specific conditions might benefit from the capacity to collect health-related data. This can help them avoid life-threatening consequences. Medical studies based on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data mainly contribute to enhancing health conditions as the practitioner has all the data of the patient, which they can use to prescribe medication and treatment while keeping in mind the risk factors that can affect the patients. Increased patient involvement Patient involvement is the key to enhancing EHR implementation and addressing their problems. It is indeed a fact that EHR serves as an effective communication tool between the patient and the doctor. Patients can use Electronic Health Records (EHR) to gain access to medical records interfaces that are beneficial to both healthcare professionals and patients. Many of the patients’ history, treatments, existing records, and prescriptions are available through these portals. Patients can analyze their situations and learn more about how to achieve favorable medical outcomes and avoid chronic illnesses. Concluding Remarks EHR offers various benefits to healthcare organizations as it makes accessing patient data from anywhere easier, which eventually helps practices in providing better patient care. EHR is an evolving field – regardless of the fact that some practices are still reluctant to embrace it. It has proven its worth and with new advancements in the field, it surely is going to benefit healthcare organizations in enhancing the level of care they provide
Kingdom of Sweden, Christina, Riksdaler 1644, Stockholm or Sala During the reign of Queen Christina (1632-1654), Sweden lived in peace for the first time in 50 years. Four years after the beginning of her sole rule, the devastating Thirty Years' War ended (1648). In the following years Swedish economy expanded. Foreign traders, craftsmen and technicians settled in Sweden.In Africa and North America, colonies were founded, although they could not be kept for long. Gold coins were not minted during Christina's reign; instead, the queen had big silver and copper coins struck. This coin is a riksdaler (an imperial taler); it bears the portrait of the queen in a richly ornamented baroque dress on the obverse. The reverse shows Jesus with an orb and the motto "savior of the world, rescue us."
Finches of Iowa (9 Species with Pictures) In Iowa, it is possible to spot 9 different species of Finches. These are: • American Goldfinch • House Finch • Gray-crowned Rosy Finch • Pine Grosbeak • Cassin’s Finch • Evening Grosbeak • Lesser Goldfinch • Red Crossbill • Common Redpoll Due to its heavy dose of Pacific wind and proximity to the thin Canadian air that birds seem to enjoy, Iowa will always have an abundance of flying animals. The fact its northernmost inland peninsula is basically an extension of Montana’s national parks helps, too. The following is a list of finches that live in Iowa, or have a consistent enough seasonal presence that we can expect to spot one. Want to attract finches? Take a look at our article! What Finches can be seen in Iowa? 1. American Goldfinch American Goldfinch Like the house finch, this bird maintains a consistent presence throughout the US, especially in the northernmost states like Idaho. Besides its proximity to the Canadian border, Idaho also benefits from the bird’s strong breeding presence in Montana, its neighbor. As a result, the easily-spotted goldfinch can be seen everywhere from deep pine forests to inner-city parks to backyard feeders. Its bright yellow plumes stand out anywhere, even with the stark blackness of its wings and forehead. The best time to spot this bird is in the summer between June and August when it moves about in flocks and builds nests in preparation for fall. 2. House Finch house finch This formerly-domesticated finch has spread throughout North America after its humble beginnings as a pet import over a century ago. After meeting with their kin who had come from the west (presumably from Asia by the same means), they have since spread to every state in the mainland US. The house finch’s rose-colored face and neck can be indistinguishable from other finches with the same hues, but it’s lighter morpho of brown and white with dark wings is a bit more distinct. These are among the most social birds in the states, essentially living as outdoor pets for a time if their source of food remains undisturbed. 3. Gray-Crowned Rosy Finch Grey-Crowned Finch This appropriately-named finch is found all year in the northernmost part of Idaho, and less common throughout the central and southern parts of the state. As they are natively Alaskan, and thus arctic, this highly-adaptable finch remains in the coldest parts of the state during winter, foraging at the forest’s edge and open tundra unless temperatures become too extreme. It is recognizable by its trademark gray crown–which includes its face, neck, and crown- as well as its dark brown body. The ‘rosy’ part of its name refers to a gathering of feathers at the base of its body. 4. Pine Grosbeak Pine Grosbeak Relatively infrequent in North America, the pine grosbeak will sometimes make its way to the northeast portion of Idaho during the winter. They are the more reclusive of the finch species, often hiding in dense deciduous forests until the foraging opportunities become thin. At that point, they can be seen on the edges of branches unless we approach too close. They are hard to miss in the winter, with the rose-colored plumes on their heads and bodies, with black and white wings. 5. Cassin’s Finch cassin's finch This finch breeds just north of Idaho on Calgary, so its forays into the US state are a matter of course. As a result, it maintains a strong year-round presence, with flocks traveling back and forth as the weather changes. Look for its more subdued rosy hue throughout its head and neck, with a bright patch of ‘hot pink’ at the center of its forehead. Elsewhere, it is generally light to dark brown in the back and wings, with white feathers across the belly. These are mountain foragers who prefer high elevation and thin air, but they will come to neighborhoods and feeders if the bait is favorable. 6. Lesser Goldfinch Lesser Goldfinch The rare U.S. breeder, the lesser goldfinch extends its breeding ground from Utah and Colorado, across the northern border into the southernmost part of Idaho. It doesn’t gather anywhere else in the state since it’s a desert finch, but the breeding population means its presence is very full in those parts. The ‘gold’ of its namesake represents its bright yellow face and belly. Like its American counterpart above, this is broken up by black and white markings, though the lesser’s are all across its back and crown, similar to a penguin. Less-common morphs replace black with greenish-black. 7. Red Crossbill Red Crossbill Always found among the pines, this finch is a stout traveler who likes to stay ahead of the weather changes. Their presence is almost exclusively in the mountains in the northern part of Idaho, as they seem to avoid lowlands even in winter, where their presence in the state is most pronounced. Their coloring varies in shades of red from the typical rose color found on many finches to a bright red color similar to a cardinal. The wings are usually brown, and their distinctive beak (or ‘bill’) is hooked in opposite directions on top and bottom, so its tips cross, giving the bird its name. The beak is useful for cracking open nuts and foraging in hard ground, both evolutionary adaptations for this arctic finch. 8. Evening Grosbeak Evening Grosbeak This finch hangs out in the landlocked peninsula of northern Iowa, foraging, and nesting among its fir trees every winter until it’s time to fly back home to Canada in spring. Its head is a yellow-black mix that blends into something closer to copper, where its body is lemon yellow. The stark black and white contrast of its wings is similar to the goldfinch though it has a single bar of each color instead of repeating stripes. You may also notice the grosbeak is more ‘stout’ than its kin, portly even, as well as the bright yellow “eyebrows” across the top of its eyes. 9. Common Redpoll Common Redpoll This is a winter visitor who gathers in the mountains when the snows have made food scarce farther north. A true arctic bird, the redpoll breeds at the northernmost part of Canada, so it is comfortable in the frozen tundras of Idaho’s winter, but will return home when it gets too warm. They are mostly brown and white in striped patterns that tend to be more brown on the back and more white on the belly, and they have a notable red patch on the forehead. While they are woodland birds, the redpoll will also be at ease around humans, even in close proximity. 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A swarm of flying ants spotted over the South-East was so big it could be seen from space. The Met Office’s weather radar picked up the cloud of ants, around 50 miles wide, on their radar over Kent and Sussex earlier this morning (July 18). On the weather map provided by The Met Office the hoards of ants appeared to be rain clouds but at a closer look it turned out it was the sheer mass of insects setting of the radar. As well as the larger groups of ants in the South-East there were smaller swarms which can be seen over London. Join our breaking news group From traffic to crime, events and more we've got #CambsCovered To join our breaking and live news group click here. The full tweet from the the forecaster said: "It's not raining in London, Kent or Sussex, but our radar says otherwise... "The radar is actually picking up a swarm of flying ants across the southeast. During the summer ants can take to the skies in a mass emergence usually on warm, humid and windless days flying ant day. " This latest swarm of insects comes as part of the yearly phenomenon known as Flying Ant Day. Despite its name it's really a series of days each summer when ants seem to take over. This day changes every year and is sometimes several different days in the summer. In past studies carried out by the Royal Society of Biology and its volunteers, it was found flying ants can be spotted from June and the start of September. Normally during the warmer months here in the UK ants take to the skies in a mass emergence usually on warm, humid and windless days. Why does Flying Ant Day happen? The swarm of flying ants was picked up by the Met Office radar This phenomenon happens when males and new queens venture out of the nest to mate, according to the Royal Society of Biology. Many colonies do this at the same time when the weather conditions are just right. Ants, including the black garden ant Lasius niger, do this to start new colonies. New ant colonies start when a female flying ant leaves their former colony to start a new one. You can spot the queen because she is larger than the female worker ants and has wings. Both males and females fly on this day, going away from their nest to try and mate with an ant from another colony and begin a new colony. The Royal Society of Biology explains the mating process: "When far enough away, the females and males commence breeding, with mating taking place during flight and the male dying shortly after. "The fertilised female then lands, chews off her wings, then goes about creating a new colony or finding an existing one and starts to produce offspring."
Science & technology \| Solar power and the Sahara desert The start of something big? Solar electricity may be about to attract real money IT IS an old idea. Build solar power stations in the Sahara desert and transport the electricity produced to Europe using high-voltage, direct-current (HVDC) cables. It is simple in theory, but hard in practice—and very, very costly. But it is a carbon-dioxide-free way of making a lot of electricity, and a collecting area the size of Austria could supply the world. A meeting on July 13th might get the ball rolling. Munich Re, the world's largest reinsurance company, has invited 20 large companies (including Siemens, Germany's engineering giant; power suppliers RWE and E.ON; and Deutsche Bank, Germany's biggest) to join it in forming a consortium called Desertec. If all goes well, this will eventually build a legion of solar power stations in Africa and Arabia, and connect them to Europe. The power stations in question will be “solar thermal”, rather than the better known sort relying on photovoltaic solar cells. In other words, instead of converting the sun's rays directly into electricity using expensive semiconductor-grade silicon, they will use cheap metal mirrors to focus those rays either onto boilers that make steam to drive turbines, or onto containers of special low-melting-point salts that will store heat overnight, so that it is available to drive turbines during the hours of darkness. Munich Re's interest in the matter is to reduce the effects of global warming. “Climate change affects our core business of weather-related natural catastrophes,” says Peter Höppe, the head of the firm's “geo risks research” department. Munich Re hopes that introducing solar power on a large scale will at least slow the process down a bit. Large-scale investment would also provide economies of scale and stimulate innovation, thus reducing the cost of solar electricity. At the moment, no form of solar power is as cheap as coal-generated electricity, but solar-thermal is reckoned by many to be a better bet to get there than photovoltaics—a task that is also made easier by the extra cost of the permits to emit carbon-dioxide that the European Union now requires the operators of coal-fired power stations to hold. If the scheme were implemented in full, it would involve spending €400 billion ($560 billion) at today's prices, over the next 40 years, building enough solar power stations to satisfy 15% of European demand in 2050—together with most of North Africa's and Arabia's—and about 20 trans-Mediterranean HVDC cables which, unlike conventional AC power lines, can transmit power over long distances and through water without significant losses. A bold proposal, then. But not a completely outrageous one. As the old Chinese proverb has it, even a journey of 1,000 miles begins with a single step. This article appeared in the Science & technology section of the print edition under the headline "The start of something big?" America's future From the July 11th 2009 edition Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contents Explore the edition More from Science & technology Ukraine’s agricultural research is threatened by the war How to improve the search for aliens So far, people have sought Earthlike biology. That will change
Humans certainly benefit from drinking filtered water, but what about our furry friends? even pets can tell the difference Our pets are sensitive to various known water contaminants just like we are. So do they need filtered water too? Some may argue that dogs, in particular, have stomachs of steel. They do eat their own droppings after all! However, this doesn't necessarily transfer to their sensitivity to various water contaminants. Just like humans, animals rely on hydration to maintain proper functioning of their bodies. Water helps them to carry important nutrients into and out of the cells in their body. It also helps them to regulate body temperature, lubricate their joints, improve cognitive function, and cushions the brain and spinal cord. Just like with our bodies, every important bodily function requires water. So keeping our pets hydrated is just as important as keeping ourselves hydrated. Animals have a keener sense of smell than we do as humans, so it's possible they may be off put by the smells of various contaminants like chlorine where we may not notice. Even team members here at Epic report their pets steer clear of tap water and can't seem to get enough of the filtered water. Ultimately, we all care deeply for our pets and want them to be healthy and happy. If you notice your pet isn't too excited about drinking water, try giving them filtered water. Maybe it's time to get our pets in on the trend.
Google, Facebook, and Twitter are some of the largest companies in the world in terms of their market cap. These companies have become a kind of monopolies, by achieving a degree of supremacy in their sectors. Facebook has a subscriber base of around three billion people, and if it were to be a country, it would be the largest country. Most of these big tech companies are based on the concept of social networking as a result, their whole offering is based on a strong network effect, and their entire business model is based on their ability to acquire more and more people. As a result, the major tech businesses are inevitably pushed toward monopoly, since as their user base grows as a result of the strong network effect, they eventually establish a dominating position in the market. So, some of the early starter companies which take the lead and end up establishing a monopoly would try to retain their position by acquiring the smaller company, restricting their services to a few devices, etc. Though these tech giants directly do not charge for using goods & services, they are indirectly trading data of the users, which is monetized. So the data collected brings large revenues. . There have even been instances when these corporations have been involved in breaches of their consumers’ data privacy, and they have a history of pursuing aggressive, anti-competitive tactics. In conclusion, these large IT businesses have a significant political, social, and economic effect on the world. Mostly these companies were started very small or to serve some other purpose but later they grew to become so big for example Facebook started as “Facemash” by Mark Zuckerberg for the students of Harvard and then it quickly took off across Harvard and spread across the world. In 2012, Facebook became the first social network to reach 1 billion. Also, these big tech giants have done many acquisitions to become so big. Google acquired Youtube for $1.7 revenue of billion now annual Youtube is more than $1bn. With the huge economic power, these big techs have acquired many small firms. Though they also gained share because of their consumer perspective for instance Apple brought cutting-edge technology to customers by the way of the iPhone or MacBook. Google brought an extraordinary search engine providing with further developments it updated it with local languages which in turn made it easy to access even to rural people of the country and further helped in increasing its market share. Google also provided email services and later came with navigation, data storage. Many companies use Google maps API like Ola and Uber. Facebook enabled people to share information easily it helped people to connect with people around the world. These platforms increased the quality and quantity of information available to the consumer and helped them to make informed choices which helped them gain a dominant market share. Companies compete with each other to provide the best experience to the consumers and they are encouraged to innovate and provide new features. Though the motivation of growing revenue is driven by self-interest, society at large is also benefited because of this. Competition is beneficial to everyone. Economy benefits through efficient allocation of scarce resources which promotes innovation leading to dynamic efficiency. As a result, productivity rises, resulting in rapid economic expansion. Competitive markets maximize production and help to raise people’s living standards by ensuring effective use of resources. In contrast, when there is a lack of competition, whether it is a price-fixing cartel or a dominant company abusing its market position, both the consumer and economy suffer. Recently the Competition Commission of India (CCI) found in its report that Google abused its dominant position in the Android operating system in India by hurting the competition. In the report, CCI held that “Google reduced the ability and incentive of device manufacturers to develop and sell devices operating on alternative versions of Android”[1] Many people have alleged that these platforms allow the proliferation of hateful and false content. Also, it is seen that these sites are blocking accounts or deleting posts. Recently Former U.S President Donald Trump was banned by all major social networking sites. As these sites have become very important in today’s life restricting anyone without a fair hearing may have an impact on their carrier or prospects. Another criticism is the handling of data by these sites, intentional intrusions, inadequate privacy practices this has also resulted in the stealing of the personal data of users. These all make regulating tech firms very important. Also, it is observed that these firms are misusing the safe harbor provisions provided to the intermediaries under Section 79 of IT ACT 2000 to protect themselves from any wrong committed on their platforms. The act protects intermediaries from being held liable for the content, data, and communications in certain cases. It holds that “(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force but subject to the provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3), an intermediary shall not be liable for any third party information, data, or communication link made available or hosted by him.”[2] An ‘intermediary’ has been defined as “any person who on behalf of another person receives, stores or transmits that record or provides any service to that record and includes telecom service providers, web-housing service providers, search engines, online payment sites, online auction sites, online market places, and cyber cafes.”[3] These platforms are actively engaging in deleting posts, banning accounts or restricting content all this is being done by non-transparent medium and users don’t even get a proper grievance redressal mechanism to address their concerns this could further lead to biased content on the platform. Further, the provisions of sub-section (1) shall apply if- (b) the intermediary does not – 1. Initiate the transmission, 2. Select the receiver of the transmission, and 3. Select or modify the information contained in the transmission; (c) the intermediary observes due diligence while discharging his duties under this act and also observes such other guidelines as the Central Government may prescribe in this behalf.”[4] This further, violates the core idea behind giving protection to these intermediaries as it was expected that these platforms are just the hosts of information and do not owe any liability on the content posted on their platform but by censuring or restricting the content by themselves their status of just being an intermediary should no longer be valid. This also infringes the rights of users The technology industry has largely developed free from significant regulations, particularly when viewed in contrast to potentially related industries such as telephone services, radio, or television. Instead, the internet has largely functioned under the system of self-governance. We must prevent them from creating a monopoly, which they have already done, and we must guarantee that they do not misuse their dominating market position. Simultaneously, policies should support the positive externalities and socio-economic advantages that these company’s products and services provide. This is not to suggest, however, that the internet is a lawless zone or that it is unregulated by the central government but further new laws and regulations especially made to regulate social media and tech firms are required. Author(s) Name: Kunal Thawani (Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur) [1] ‘Google abused Android dominance, Competition Commission of India reports find’ (The Hindu, 18 September 2021) <> accessed 16 February 2022 [2] Information & Technology Act 2000, s 79 [3]Information & Technology Act 2000, s 2 (w) [4]Information & Technology Act 2000, s 79(2)
Student Life Overcoming the fear of missing out: What is FOMO and how can we learn to deal with it? The fear of missing out, better known as FOMO, is a universally-felt sentiment—one that can creep up on just about anyone, caused by a range of circumstances. Although the term has been used conversationally for years, it was officially added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013, and defined as “Anxiety that an exciting or interesting event may currently be happening elsewhere.” However, FOMO goes deeper than just the feeling of missing out. It involves making unrealistic comparisons between your social life and your peers’. It’s a vicious cycle of thoughts that gnaws away, making you second-guess your choice to spend Friday night studying in the library while your friends are out partying. Despite being a natural extrovert, Sachin Samarakone, a U3 engineering student, is no stranger to this feeling. “I usually tend to feel FOMO a lot,” Samarakone said. “I think it’s more to do with my personality type though. I’m a very extroverted person so I love different social experiences.” Often, our perception of our peers’ social lives may not actually hold true. A study from the University of British Columbia (UBC) found that 48 per cent of first-year university students believe their peers are more socially connected than they actually are. This is largely because social activities typically take place in public, visible to others, while individual activities, like studying, are done in private, and thus go unnoticed. The study found that many students who sense that they are missing out have a reduced sense of social belonging, which is a key indicator of someone’s mental well-being. While the fear of missing out is natural, if it comes up too frequently or goes undealt with, it can lead to unpleasant reactions and behaviours. For example, the UBC study found that people grow increasingly stressed if they feel regular anxiety about missing out, and they might react by adopting a dependency on social media or general feelings of dissatisfaction with their personal life. Another study by marketing communications company James Walter Thompson demonstrated that FOMO contributes to people’s dissatisfaction with their social standing and a feeling of having less. It’s proven to play a negative role in people’s overall psychological well-being because it triggers negative social and emotional experiences, such as boredom and loneliness. But this correlation between FOMO and unhappiness is a two-way street. Eric Barker, writer for TIME noted in a 2016 article that those who are already feeling insecure or unhappy with their lives may be more susceptible to FOMO. Barker also points out that witnessing others’ social lives shared on social media initiates FOMO. In the age of Instagram and Snapchat, students are expected to showcase their best moments on social media platforms for their peers to be jealous of when they see them. Faced with these posts, students often develop the unhealthy digital habit of constantly checking social media to stay in the loop and avoid feeling as though they’re missing a major event. FOMO stems not from the fact that our social lives are lacking, but rather the idea that our social lives are not objectively better than others’. So you’re wondering if your life measures up and you turn to everyone else’s deliberately sculpted illusion of lifestyle perfection,” Barker wrote. “This is the happiness equivalent of reading your bank statement after looking at the Forbes 400 list.” For Samarakone, this has certainly been the case. Learning not to compare his social life to that of his peers with different academic workloads has been a process. “I used to do my work around events, but I’ve realized, that’s not a healthy way to do things,” Samarakone said. “Especially when most of my friends are in slightly easier programs as opposed to chemical engineering which is an extremely time consuming degree […My FOMO] has really improved [in my time at McGill]. I’ve realized the long term consequences of my actions just for seeking a few hours of pleasure.” Share this: Leave a Comment Read the latest issue
How to Create a Workflow Diagram Larissa Lewis April 2, 2021 Workflow In the business world, few maxims hold more water than “poor planning leads to poor execution.” As a bastion against process failure, organizations turn to workflow diagrams to help plan for success. What is a workflow diagram? Think of a workflow diagram as a slate of assembly instructions sequencing every step needed to get from point A to point Z. A workflow diagram shines a spotlight on every action involved in a process. Instead of conducting business in a vacuum, this tool helps map the sequence of discrete steps involved. It serves as a visual aid identifying the responsible person, team, or technology that sees each task through to completion. One of the chief tenets of process management is a continuous appetite for improvement, and workflow diagrams are a key component of its success. The practice calls for a kaizen mindset: one that’s constantly on the hunt for ways to change processes for the better. Workflow diagrams grant a crystal clear view into the specific tasks involved in each process, arming you with the intel needed to continuously tweak and adjust in pursuit of the most streamlined solution. So how do you get started designing a workflow diagram? The 6 steps to creating a powerhouse workflow diagram You can start your first workflow diagram with these six easy steps. 1. Pick the process Start with a process that is extremely important to how your business operates. How can a rock solid understanding of the process provide new value to your organization? Are there too many bottlenecks in securing approval to launch new iterations or service patches? Do you lose out on huge deals because your sales team is overburdened by too many manual tasks needed to finalize an agreement? Maybe your HR department is too overwhelmed by rote to-dos that they are losing out on top talent at an alarming rate. Pick a process that is central to the success of your core offering. 2. Identify crystal clear start and end points You can’t get from point A to point Z without knowing where they are. Defining the end goal is just as important as the project itself: in fact, many projects never even make it past this critical step. According to one leading project management survey, 37% of projects fail because teams failed to define clear goals at the outset 3. Perform a deep dive into the specific steps involved in the chosen process Start by gathering information from every department and individual involved in the process. Learn the ins-and-outs of workflow analysis. Here, it’s critical that you step outside the C-Suite. When Kellogg’s wanted to launch a new line of healthy kids snacks, they didn’t just ask the market researchers, kids, parents, and doctors. They interviewed school janitors—those on the real front lines of what lunches were most popular, and which ones wound up in the trash. Zoom out and gather insight from everyone, including the team members who are in the daily trenches navigating processes first hand. 4. Reframe your findings to center around your main goals You want your workflow diagram to be comprehensive, but don’t let it spin out of control into a meandering, hard-to-decipher labyrinth of tasks. Consolidate and prioritize your findings from step 3 to make sure each task contributes to your chief goal defined in step 1. Don’t be afraid to cut any redundancies, dead weight, or unnecessary steps—the more crystal clear and streamlined your diagram, the better chances of success. 5. Design the workflow diagram While the back of a napkin is a bit contrite, you can diagram the process anywhere. Use pen and paper or turn to easy-to-use workflow modeling software. User-friendly platforms like ProcessMaker make it easy to transfer your concept into a full-blown workflow diagram. Low-code, drag-and-drop tools make it simple for you to swap the order of tasks, drop in certain actions, and re-channel project flows. If your workflow requires back-and-forth between several departments, or tasks that must be performed in parallel, consider using a swim lane diagram. If you’re working with a cross-section of top executives, middle management, and IT professionals, Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a lexicon of standardized symbols you can use to ensure everyone has a clear understanding of your process journey. One of the main purposes of a workflow diagram is to get everyone on the same page, so make sure it is in a format everyone can understand, share, and review. 6. Refine, refine, refine! No workflow is set-it-and-forget-it. It’s important to constantly review your processes, keep an eye out for bottlenecks, and find ways to improve how things flow. This is where you can make the most of a kaizen methodology; always hungry to find the next process speed bump to flatten. A workflow diagram is a powerful tool in your process management arsenal. Instead of falling victim to poor planning, workflow diagrams help lay the groundwork for your project’s efficiency and success. Request a Demo Privacy Update
US ‘anti-space mine’ launch signals new phase in celestial arms race (VIDEO) © NASA History Office and the NASA JSC Media Services Center International law dictates that countries should engage in the peaceful exploration of space, but the second launch of specialized US satellites last week has all but confirmed that an arms race is brewing outside earth’s atmosphere. The Outer Space Treaty is the product of mankind’s bid to reach the stars. Enacted in 1967, the UN resolution set the standard for conduct in space, essentially warning nations to never claim sovereignty over the Moon or stockpile nuclear weapons on future space stations. “States Parties to the Treaty undertake not to place in orbit around the earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction, install such weapons on celestial bodies, or station such weapons in outer space in any other manner,” Article IV of the treaty reads. View image on Twitter 49 years ago today the Outer Space Treaty was signed banning orbital WMDs and military actions on the moon. First signed by the USSR, the United Kingdom and the US, the treaty has since grown to include 104 countries, such as China, Iran, North Korea and India. Smaller nations such as Haiti, San Marino and Nepal have also promised to keep the peace and pay for any damage they might cause while shuttling astronauts or equipment around the universe. Intergalactic space race? It is of course unlikely that planet-sized death rays will pop up around the universe anytime soon. But inch by inch, step by step, some of the world’s superpowers are preparing to defend themselves way beyond their borders, thus heightening the chances of deadly force being used in space. Weapons of mass destruction are in theory forbidden from entering orbit. But hardware – some carrying real arms, others only displaying potential – have already reached beyond the atmosphere, in the guise of secretive, or at least hush-hush, tests. In fact, the existence of intergalactic weaponry goes back as far as the 1970s. On Friday, the US Air Force fired two new satellites into orbit from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The launch is part of the obtusely-titled Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program (GSSAP), designed to track “man-made orbiting objects” floating around the major satellite channels above earth. There are now four operational GSSAP satellites in total. The US Air Force remain coy about their purpose, saying they will perform “rendezvous and proximity operations”, collect data and help prevent satellite collisions. However, it is thought their development is also part of efforts to pre-empt space weapons the US government believes its rivals are developing, such as satellite-destroying ‘space mines’. A statement released to USA Today suggests as much. “The space domain has increasingly become congested, contested, and competitive,” Air Force Space Command spokesperson Lt Sarah Burnett is quoted as saying. “Some countries have clearly signaled their intent and ability to conduct hostile operations in space as an extension of the terrestrial battlefield.” A 2008 operation provides some evidence that the US has what it takes to militarise space. Back then a SM-3 missile fired from the naval cruiser USS Lake Erie blew up a US spy satellite about 250km (155 miles) above earth. The use of Boeing’s X-37B OTV by the US Air Force has also raised concerns that the ‘space plane’ could one day be deployed as a weapon. A fact sheet drawn up by the Secure World Foundation, which advocates “peaceful” operations in space, states the vehicle has a “near zero” chance of being an “orbital weapons system.” The group do, however, suggest it could be used to “rendezvous and inspect satellites, either friendly or adversary, and potentially grab and de-orbit” them. In 2007, the nation fired a missile from its Xichang Space Center which destroyed defunct weather satellite, Fengyun 1. Since then the lack of information surrounding Chinese space launches has aroused suspicion. A 2015 US Congress report on China’s military capabilities highlighted a number of suspect tests carried out by the nation, including a case in 2013 where an unidentified object entered the atmosphere at an altitude of 30,000km before re-entering 9.5 hours later. In that time no satellites were released, with US surveillance suggesting the incident was “not consistent with traditional space-launch vehicles, ballistic missiles or sounding rocket launches used for scientific research.” READ MORE: China missile test reignites ‘satellite killer’ fears Further images from a test last year did little to quell rumors the Chinese government was ramping up its space capabilities. View image on TwitterView image on Twitter Corkscrew contrails at Korla may suggest an energy management steering maneuver. Left is Korla; right is THAAD. View image on TwitterView image on TwitterView image on Twitter Russia certainly carry clout in this area. After all, the Soviet Union was regarded as one of the first governments to develop ASAT (anti-satellite) technology. A top secret experiment on board the Soviet Almaz space stations resulted in a cannon being fired remotely in space back in 1975. READ MORE: Russia’s ‘Rokot’ carrier launches 3 military satellites into orbit In a documentary about the military space program, Almaz cosmonaut Valery Romanov explained how a system was once in place to take out “killer satellites” with the functional R-23M Kartech cannon. Since then Russia has mostly focused on building up its satellite surveillance, but has also moved to prevent armaments reaching space. In 2015, Russian delegates presented a “No First Placement of Arms in Outer Space”resolution to the UN General Assembly. READ MORE: Weapons in space would undermine global stability – Russia The non-binding resolution was approved in November by a vote, in which 122 nations balloted in favor of discussing ways to prevent space becoming an “arena for military confrontation”. Four states voted against the proposal: the US, Israel, Ukraine and Georgia. About VT - Read Full Policy Notice - Comment Policy Comments are closed.
Christian Living Spiritual Life General Bible Courses > Living by the Book > Revival by the Book Chapter 3: The Second Great Awakening IN THIS CHAPTER, you will discover: · The conditions that precipitated the frontier revivals. · The styles of two nineteenth-century revivalists. · The social reforms produced by these revivals. AS A RESULT, you will be able to: · Trace the development of the camp meeting. · Appreciate the successes of Finney and Spurgeon. · Participate in the social reform brought by revival. Preparation for Awakening The nineteenth century can be described in two words: expansion and change. Both Great Britain and America were in a state of flux. Industries were developing; cities were growing; people were seeking land and opportunity; citizens were demanding civil rights and reform. The worst war ever fought in America occurred in the middle of this century. Much time had passed since the First Great Awakening, and many people had become lethargic in their faith. The setting was complete for a fresh outpouring of the Spirit. Great Britain During this period, Great Britain attempted expansion abroad. She fought numerous battles — the Battle of Waterloo, the Opium War, the Crimean War, and the Boer War, in addition to small wars with the Chinese, Abyssinians, and Afghans. The War of 1812 pitted the United States against England, but it was futile for both countries. India was transferred from the East India Company and succumbed to British control. Burma became its province also. Canada and Australia became powerful, self-governing states. Queen Victoria ushered in a new age. The previous period of self-indulgence ended with the beginning of her reign. Instead the British became more moral, modest, enterprising, and self-righteous. The Victorian morality sailed across the Atlantic, exerting great influence over the United States as well. Railroads and improved roads crisscrossed the country. Telegraph and telephone lines linked all the important cities. In response to a great industrial expansion, the government made safety inspection mandatory in factories. Parliament passed acts that improved labor conditions. Child labor laws were passed and education for minors became compulsory. The First Reform Bill gave the right to vote to the middle classes. And representation was given to factory towns. This same bill declared slavery illegal in England and in every British colony in the world. The abolition of slavery resulted from the efforts of the Christian statesman William Wilberforce. The civil service also experienced reform. History records rapid and drastic changes in Great Britain during the nineteenth century. The United States During the same era, the Louisiana Purchase doubled the area of the United States, and the Lewis and Clark expedition to the Northwest opened up new vistas for exploration. Explorers and fur traders like the Bible-toting Jedediah Smith traveled throughout the frontier West. Pioneers began to travel westward looking for abundant land and a new life. Missionaries such as Marcus and Narcissa Whitman were sent to preach the gospel and to convert the Indians. More new territories were annexed — a large portion when the States won a war with Mexico. Then in the middle of the century, gold was discovered in California providing further incentive to move west. Increased travel demanded new and better modes of transportation. Fortune hunters in the Gold Rush of 1849 traveled to California either by ship around the tip of South America or across the plains in covered wagons. In the East, canals had already tied the region together, and the newly invented steamboat plied the Hudson River carrying goods and passengers. Railroads stretched halfway across the country, linking the East with the Midwest. A network of goods and services was developing rapidly all over the country. The owners of large plantations in the South were using slave labor, which became a key political controversy of the day. States were admitted to the union as either “slave” or “free.” Although many in the North and South strived for the abolition of slavery, legal reform did not come in the South until after the Civil War. After the war, many people began to work in factories that were springing up all over the Northeast. Cotton from the South supplied the textile mills in the North. Factories were built in the South as well. With the invention of automated machinery, workers became mere tenders of machines. But with expanded production came certain evils. When the pool of laborers ran short, women and finally children were drawn into factory work at lower wages and longer hours. Houses and apartments for workers in the burgeoning cities were crowded and often substandard. It was time for reform. Factory workers started labor unions to protect their rights. Reformation began in prison systems. Dorothea Dix fought for reform in the insane asylums. Free public schools were instituted, and universities broadened their courses of study to keep up with the vocational needs and the growth of knowledge. But the reform in education made religious reform necessary, for the humanist views in many of the universities had turned students away from Christianity. And Christians found themselves in the minority at universities originally founded on Christian principles. Frontier Life One place people desperately needed the gospel was on the American frontier. Pioneers had gone there looking for new land and a future. In the process, many were completely isolated. Civilization — the nearest ranch or homestead — was often many miles away. Those who had left local congregations in the East missed their Christian fellowship. Still, others had spent their entire lives in the wilderness, never having heard about God. Into this needy environment rode preachers of a different sort — circuit riders such as Francis Asbury described in Chapter 2. Circuit riders were an important part of frontier life. These preachers required enthusiasm for sharing the gospel and perseverance over natural obstacles, for life on the frontier was difficult. Many of the pioneers had a reverence for the things of God and still observed Sunday faithfully. But since they were more often than not without a minister, each visit of the circuit rider was greatly anticipated. Moreover, the intervals between their visits could be several weeks or even months. Settlements fairly hummed with excitement as the traveling preacher caught up on all the activities since his last visit. He performed marriages, christened children, and presided at funerals. His visit always included preaching, which the people welcomed. He was paid for his services with food, clothing, and some produce, if available. Before a settlement grew large enough for a church, people often met for religious services in private homes. A farmer might preach on Sunday and farm the remainder of the week. As the settlement grew more prosperous, a log or sod church would be built. People enjoyed coming to church. In addition to hearing God’s Word, they looked forward to the fellowship and social opportunities a meeting offered. Because of the sparseness of settlements on the frontier, campmeetings were popular. They were held in the open air and usually lasted for several days. Their purpose was always revival; they were never intended to replace regular church services. Families and individuals brought food, bedrolls, and tents to camp out for the meetings. In the Northwest Territory, a temporary camp of logs and clapboard was erected in a grove of trees. But all campmeetings had certain things in common: preaching, singing, sharing, fellowship, food, and children. The first campmeeting was held by James McGready, in Kentucky, in July 1800. James McGready James McGready was a Presbyterian preacher who drove people to conversion when he preached on God’s wrath. The people in North Carolina became so outraged at his preaching that he had to flee for his life. McGready then went to Logan County, Kentucky, where he ministered to three small congregations. Logan County, nicknamed “Rogue’s Harbor,” was a veritable Sodom and Gomorrah. Yet the people there, including resident horse thieves and desperados, welcomed his fiery sermons. As he painted vivid word pictures of heaven and hell, his listeners could “see” the grandeur of heaven’s golden streets and the tormented sinners writhing in hell’s fires. His first revival took place at the Red River settlement. Before the meetings, McGready had people praying for him at sunset every Saturday and at sunrise every Sunday. Furthermore, his congregations held a concert of prayer once a month. Because of the success at Red River, McGready sent out notices far in advance for a sacramental service to be performed at the Gasper River settlement. People from as far away as 100 miles came expectantly waiting for God to move. And He did not disappoint them, for a great revival occurred there. A second revival soon followed at Cane Ridge, in August 1801, led by Barton Stone. Such campmeetings were the first of many that literally swept the western frontier. The nineteenth century in Great Britain and America was characterized by economic growth, geographic expansion, and social reform. Campmeetings on the American frontier paved the way for brush arbor meetings, Chautauqua-style gatherings, and family resort centers. The success of these revivals did not depend on place or atmosphere; rather it resulted from praying saints and repentant sinners. God picks the time, the place, and the method for revival and reform. The Holy Spirit is not bound to culture, but meets people where they are — at their exact point of need. Finney and Friends Key Scripture: “Then the disciples went out and preached everywhere, and the Lord worked with them and confirmed his word by the signs that accompanied it” (Mark 16:20). Into the turmoil of the times, God has always raised up men and women to carry forth the message of the cross. A burning desire to save the lost was the impetus for all of the world’s great revivalists. Charles Finney was such a person. His ministry began in America, but his fame spread to Great Britain through his books and his personal appearances. A contemporary of his, Charles Spurgeon, began his ministry in England. Although he never held American campaigns, Spurgeon became well-known through his writings. The influence of both Finney and Spurgeon is still felt today. Charles Finney Known as the “Father of Modern Revivalism,” Charles Finney was born in 1792 in Warren, Connecticut as the seventh child of Sylvester and Rebecca Finney. After the family moved to New York, young Charles attended Oneida Academy where he studied singing and learned to play the cello. He relocated to Connecticut to prepare for studies at Yale, but was persuaded to abandon that path. He returned to New York in 1818 to attend to his sick mother and at that time began to study law. In his law textbooks he had noticed frequent references to Mosaic law. Determined to know their source, Finney bought a Bible. In 1821, Finney was dramatically converted. After his conversion, he obtained a license to preach in 1823 and was ordained the following year. His first assignment was to serve as a missionary to settlers in upstate New York. Much to the surprise of men trained in revival procedure, Finney led successful revivals in all the villages where he preached. Then he began preaching in urban areas — and revivals broke out there. Finney’s revivalist methods have been summarized by Earle E. Cairns: Finney ... ...used such means as harsh accusations, protracted meetings, naming sinners in prayers, the “anxious bench” (familiar in frontier revivals), prayers and exhortations by women, the method of addressing congregations as if pleading with a jury, and “helpers” to urge the convicted to the “anxious bench.” [Finney] assumed that any listener could, of his free will, repent and immediately obtain assurance of salvation. (An Endless Line of Splendor, p. 130) Twice he traveled to England where he held successful revivals. But in 1832 he had to give up traveling because of poor health. Finney settled in as a pastor, first of the Chatham Street Chapel and then the Broadway Tabernacle — both in New York City. Later, Finney became professor of theology at Oberlin College in Ohio, and in 1851 became its president. He was still teaching at Oberlin when he died at the age of 83. Revival Timeline Charles Finney The World Born as seventh child 1792 1803 Louisiana Purchase 1812 War with England 1816 American Bible Society Converted to Christ 1821 1825 Erie Canal opens Great Rochester Revival 1830-31 1836 Morse invents telegraph Professor Oberlin College 1836-37 Preaching tours 1840-48 Finds “Second Blessing” 1843 1848-49 California gold rush Elected president of Oberlin 1851 Tours American cities 1851-57 1853 N.Y.-Chicago rail link Teaching at Oberlin 1860-75 1861-65 American Civil War 1866 Transatlantic telegraph 1869 Opening of Suez Canal Dies at Oberlin 1875 Charles Spurgeon Charles Spurgeon was born in 1834 in Kelvedon Essex, England. He was the oldest son of an independent minister. His father’s full-time job was clerk in a coal yard. Spurgeon’s life was blessed by a Christian heritage. At the age of 18 months, Charles went to live with his grandfather, who was a minister. He lived six years under his grandfather’s tutelage. During that time, the young boy spent a lot of time in the older man’s library. Reading the available Christian literature gave Charles an appreciation for such writers as John Bunyan. Furthermore, because of his family, young Charles had frequent contacts with the Christian community. On a January day in 1850, Charles set out for his regular church, but a snowstorm made him change direction. Instead, he went to a nearby chapel where he was challenged by a visiting minister. The man took one look at him and said, “You are miserable!” Spurgeon knew at that moment that he needed salvation. After his baptism the following May, Spurgeon began teaching a Sunday school class. In the summer of the same year, he moved back to Cambridge where he studied and taught. He became a lay preacher in the Baptist denomination, which served 13 congregations with circuit riders. At age 17, Spurgeon began to pastor a church of 40 members. Under Spurgeon’s preaching, the enrollment leaped to 400. Then at the age of 20, Spurgeon was heard by an influential man visiting from the prestigious New Park Street Chapel in London. Even though the most influential ministers in England had preached in this famous church, its attendance had dwindled considerably. When Spurgeon accepted the call to preach there, things began to change. With his clear voice, rich command of English, and dramatic effects, Spurgeon preached — and they listened. His preaching was powerful and direct. His popular style was altogether different from the poetic sermons that most ministers preferred. Spurgeon’s theology was Puritan, and his strict sermons did make some enemies for him. His audiences grew so rapidly that a larger building was required. As more people came to hear Spurgeon, the congregation moved to a music hall. Quite an uproar accompanied this move, for many felt that a music hall was too worldly for a church meeting. Later, a tragedy in the hall almost caused Spurgeon to give up. Someone yelled, “Fire!” and seven people died in the panic. Although downcast after the incident, Spurgeon returned to preach. In March 1861, a permanent home for the congregation was dedicated. The new Metropolitan Tabernacle seated over 5,000 members and was usually packed. Spurgeon preached under the Baptist Union for years before withdrawing in 1887. He differed with the Baptists on their interpretation of the basic doctrines of the church. He felt that the younger generation was waffling and watering down the doctrines of the atoning sacrifice, the infallibility of the Bible, and justification by faith. In his 40-year tenure at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, over 14,000 people joined the church. This fellowship also established 22 mission stations, 27 Sunday schools, and an orphanage. In his later years, Spurgeon suffered from rheumatic gout. Although travel to a better climate seemed to lessen his pain, Spurgeon was never free of it. He grew weaker until his death in January 1892 at the age of 57. When he died, the whole world grieved. Spurgeon is still remembered today as a man of character and integrity whose head was never turned by popularity. Charles Spurgeon still speaks today through his books and printed sermons distributed all over the world. Lyman Beecher A contemporary of Charles Finney, Lyman Beecher was a noted revivalist and social reformer. Born in New Haven, Connecticut in 1775 just before the American Revolution, he graduated from Yale University and was ordained in 1799. He became pastor of a Presbyterian church and later of several Congregational churches. From 1832 to 1850 he served as the first president of Lane Seminary, a Presbyterian school in Cincinnati, Ohio. Beecher was a fiery preacher who often preached on temperance and heartily opposed Unitarianism. He initially criticized Finney for his preaching methods and the emotional responses they evoked, but later grudgingly acknowledged that Finney’s work was unparalleled in the history of the church. Beecher championed the efforts of voluntary Christian groups that were organized to effect social change and revivalism. Beecher was the father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and Henry Ward Beecher, an eloquent Protestant preacher, writer, and social reformer. Beecher died near the end of the Civil War in 1865. Finney, Spurgeon, and Beecher each made a specific contribution to the cause of Christ in the 19th century. Although distinctively different in style and theology, these men significantly impacted the religious thought and practice of the church today. Life Application: Finney's principles of revival suggest that we can play a part in the coming of revival. What role in revival do you attribute to people? What role does God play? Are they equal, or does one have a greater role? How do you reconcile God's sovereignty and human free will in the realm of revival? Social Reforms Key Scripture: "In Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha (which, when translated, is Dorcas), who was always doing good and helping the poor" (Acts 9:36). Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit and the Bible, great revivalists espoused some very definite principles. The message of the Second Great Awakening can be summarized as follows: (1) God is sovereign, (2) His moral laws are immutable, (3) humans are depraved, (4) regeneration is possible through Christs atonement, and (5) salvation comes through submission to Christ. When these tenets are adhered to, several important things occur: (1) a new faithfulness to God is generated, (2) churches are renewed spiritually, and (3) people reach out to improve society through education, missionary outreach, and social reform. Motivated by their love for Christ, Christians have always been at the forefront of social reform. The Lord commanded his followers to love their neighbors as themselves. Demonstrating that love involves seeing the need for food, clothing, and shelter and then doing something about it. But it goes further than that. Christian love looks out for the unfortunate people who are being mistreated or neglected in prisons, in the workplace, in hospitals, or in nurseries or those whose rights have been taken away. The 19th century was a time when Christians who saw a need for reform pricked the public conscience. The following are a few people who went the extra mile to love their neighbors. Elizabeth Fry Born in 1780, Fry was the daughter of a wealthy London banker and merchant. Only 12 when her mother died, Elizabeth suffered from ill health throughout her life. Although her family professed to be Quakers, their sect was much less structured. These more liberal Quakers met only once a week for prayer. For the most part, they were assimilated into the mainstream of society. Elizabeth confessed at the age of 17 that she had no religion. But in 1798, Elizabeth heard an American evangelist speak. Her eyes were opened to the fact that God is present among His people on earth. She then went to inquire of some strict Quakers concerning their faith and practices. As a result, Elizabeth decided that the stricter sect was better suited to her beliefs. Soon after her conversion, Elizabeth married Joseph Fry, a London merchant. Along with her duties as mother to 11 children, Elizabeth became a minister. Her favorite sermonic theme was the availability of God's grace to every individual. Elizabeth's heart was touched by the plight of prisoners, especially women, whose children lived in prison with them. She visited Newgate Prison at first to deliver clothing for the children and the women. She found the prisoners living in squalor. All of them, hardened criminals and innocent victims, had been thrown into overcrowded prisons together. All were idle, and many were violent. By 1816, Elizabeth was a regular visitor to the prison. She had organized a team of a dozen ladies to read the Bible and give sewing lessons to the female prisoners. She chose monitors to supervise the classes. As a result of her care and supervision, the prison changed into an orderly community. Observing the change, the city of London hired a resident matron and bought clothing for the prisoners. Elizabeth Fry almost single-handedly brought reform to the jails. She also set up a shelter for street children in London. The Prison Act of 1823 was passed because of her efforts. Thousands benefitted from her willingness to step out boldly in faith. Elizabeth Fry stands as a shining example of what one person can do to bring prison reform. John Newton John Newton was born in England in 1725. His mother died when he was barely seven years old; and after a brief education, John went to sea with his father. Later he became the captain of a slave ship plying its trade from Africa to America and the West Indies. Newton was deep in sin and rebellion with no regard for the welfare of others. But God reached down and touched John's heart through a book, The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis. The convicted captain felt that he could improve the conditions of slavery by preaching to the crew. But after a few years, Newton realized that slavery was wrong, and he had to get out of the business. Not only did he leave a lucrative profession, but he became an ardent crusader to rid the world of slavery. Although greatly influenced by George Whitefield and the Wesleys, John Newton felt called to stay within the Anglican state church. The Anglicans had a set schedule of meetings, but John Newton held additional meetings in which he testified of God's mercy in converting him. He also encouraged the singing of popular hymns rather than the staid psalms sung in other Anglican churches. Then, when Newton could not find enough hymns, he began to write his own. John lived to age 82, never ceasing to marvel at the love, grace, and mercy that God had shown to him. Perhaps his greatest legacy to us today is a hymn that came straight from his grateful heart — "Amazing Grace." William Wilberforce Born in Hull, England, William Wilberforce was the son of a rich merchant who died when William was only eight years old. After his father's death, William went to live with his aunt and uncle. Committed Christians, they had been influenced by George Whitefield and were good friends with John Newton. It was in their home that Newton became a hero to young Wilberforce. His mother, however, was incensed at the relationship and placed her son in boarding school. Later, Wilberforce entered Cambridge University. The young man became popular because of his charm, friendly manner, and innate goodness. William became a friend of William Pitt, who later became prime minister. At 21, Wilberforce became a member of the parliament. An excellent speaker, he was dubbed by his colleagues, the nightingale of the House of Commons. John Newton advised Wilberforce to stay in politics as a Christian, where he could fight for justice in England. Newton convinced him to prick the nation's conscience concerning slavery. And he became the leader in fighting the slave trade and the institution of slavery in the British Empire. But in the middle of the political battle, both the French Revolution and Wilberforce's personal illness forced the resolution of the slave issue to be postponed. But a bill to end the slave trade was finally passed in 1807. (That same year the slave trade was abolished in the United States.) Then Wilberforce turned his energies into opposing slavery itself. Although he retired from Parliament in 1825, Wilberforce continued to support emancipation. Throughout his adult life, William Wilberforce sought to improve the morals of the English people. In fact, he helped to lay the foundation for the moral revival of England during the Victorian Era. He felt that God had placed him in the political arena where he could accomplish the most good. Wilberforce is an example of the power available to a Christian politician. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820. If ever anyone was born with the proverbial silver spoon, it was she. Her parents were extremely wealthy and owned two estates in England. She was homeschooled; her father acted as tutor for her formal studies, and her mother taught Florence the social graces expected of her status. Florence learned how to manage a large household, which proved beneficial in her later work. As a young lady entering British society, Florence was presented to Queen Victoria. Her family's wealth enabled her to travel extensively in Europe. An attractive, intelligent young woman, Florence turned away many suitors. And rather than attend the frequent parties given in her social circle, the young debutante preferred studying about health reforms for the poor. Even as a child, Florence developed a real empathy with those in pain. She played at nursing her dolls and later nursed an ailing dog back to health. Nursing was not a reputable profession at that time, and the hospitals were broken-down and dirty. Certainly, it was not something a socialite would aspire to. But in spite of her parents opposition, Florence went to study in a Paris hospital. Later she entered nurses' training in Germany. Then at the age of 33, Florence became superintendent of a women's hospital in London. A year later, she found herself in the Crimean War zone with 38 nurses and 500 wounded soldiers. The hospital was a huge old barracks with wounded soldiers lying on the floor. The nurses had very little to work with, since medical supplies and food were delayed in coming. But Florence Nightingale's talents as an organizer and administrator emerged. When she found some men well enough to help, she gave them cleaning assignments and refused to accept slipshod work. She made a schedule for her nurses involved in the care of patients and another one for kitchen work. Florence did not merely delegate work. During the night, she walked the endless corridors to check on patients and to offer help if needed. Because of her nightly vigils, the grateful soldiers named her the "lady with the lamp." The "lady" believed that every human life was valuable. Her compassion extended beyond the physical health of the soldiers. As they convalesced, she taught them to read and write. Through her reforms in hospital administration and nursing work, Nightingale was responsible for saving many lives. She was the first woman to be given the British Order of Merit. Florence retired as a semi-invalid from the strain on her health while in Crimea. But even in her retirement the world still came to her for advice on nursing care and hospital reform. George Muller George Muller was born in Prussia in 1805. The son of a government tax collector, he was reputed to have stolen from his own father and to have defrauded several others. Young Muller was wild and rebellious, following an undisciplined, drunken lifestyle. Even so, he enrolled in the University of Halle, expecting to train for the ministry. But in 1825, he attended a meeting in which a missionary from Africa spoke. As everyone present kneeled to pray, Muller was gloriously converted. By January 1826, Muller had decided to become a missionary to the Jews. So he went to London, England to study Hebrew. But Muller became ill and had to move from London. With the move, he gave up his training for Jewish missions. Shortly afterward, Muller became associated with the Brethren Church and was baptized by immersion. He and his new bride Mary Groves, already a member of the Brethren, agreed to live totally by faith. Muller believed there were no limits to what God could do for a person through faith. The Mullers moved to Bristol, England to revitalize the Bethesda Chapel. They were so encouraged by the results that Muller founded the Scriptural Knowledge Institution. Its purpose was to feed and clothe orphans, provide an education for poor children, give vital Bible teaching, circulate Bibles, and support foreign missions. Muller established two Sunday schools, two schools for adults, and six day-schools. Discipline and Christian character were emphasized in all his institutions. Girls were kept in school till their 17th year and boys until their 14th. Owners of factories and mines were disgruntled with Muller because he had stolen their cheap labor. After a cholera epidemic, many children were left homeless in Bristol. Muller decided that with 1,000 pounds he could start an orphanage. So, he and his wife prayed, believing that God would provide. And He did! In 1836, the Mullers opened the door to 30 orphan girls. Because the orphanage's income exceeded its expenses, the Mullers opened a second one, this time for infants. The third orphanage accommodated boys, bringing the total to nearly 100 children in their care. By 1870, the number of residents in the orphanages had risen to 2,000. Muller provided the orphans with nutritious food and an education. The children learned practical skills and attended daily worship. During this period, Muller suffered the loss of his wife Mary. But two years later, he married Susannah Sanger, who also shared his vision. Muller began to travel and minister throughout the world. In the period from 1875 to 1892, Muller covered 200,000 miles, sharing his personal testimony of God's miraculous provision. The orphanages, left in the care of his son-in-law James Wright, continued to prosper. Although Muller never made an appeal for funds, the orphanages and schools had received over a million pounds by the 1880s. Muller continually expected God to meet their needs, and he was never disappointed. His reliance on prayer was legendary: for every four hours of work he prayed one hour. Sometimes help came just in time, but it always came. In addition to his schools and orphanages, Muller supported many missionaries, especially those in the China Inland Mission. When Muller left the world, he had little personal wealth. But he is still revered today for his contributions in social reform, education, and missions. He never took credit for his many accomplishments but always gave God the glory. George Muller was a testimony to the fact that God provides for his children. David Livingstone David Livingstone was born at Blantyre, Scotland in 1813. His poor but pious parents lived in a one-room house during the Industrial Revolution. Because poor children were required to work, David went to work at the age of ten as a spinner in a cotton mill. He worked 14 hours a day, sometimes snatching a few moments to read. Converted at the age of 12, David experienced a spiritual awakening eight years later. Because David Livingstone had heard of a need for medical missionaries in China, he decided to train as a doctor. He studied Greek, theology, and medicine in Glasgow. To subsidize his education, Livingstone continued to work in the mill during vacations. By the time he completed his studies, China had been closed because of the Opium War. So the London Missionary Society sent David Livingstone to South Africa. His first trip in 1840 made him painfully aware of two dilemmas: black Africans were exploited by the whites, and missionaries were being sent to the same populated areas time after time. To alleviate these problems, Livingstone determined to crusade against the slave trade and to take the gospel north into areas unreached by missionaries. In attempting to use Africans in missionary work, Livingstone hired Mebalwe, a native teacher who later saved him from being killed by a lion. Livingstone married Mary Moffat, the daughter of missionary Robert Moffat. He and Mary lived in Africa for three years in three different homes. Each move took them further upcountry. Livingstone had developed a love for exploration, and he much preferred it over a stationary mission's post. Finally, he sent his wife and children home to England, knowing they could not stand the grueling life that lay before them if he followed his vision for Africa. Livingstone then embarked on a journey that lasted 14 years and covered over 6,000 miles. He served as a doctor, evangelist, and teacher. Neither wild animals, sickness, nor fierce natives could keep him from writing voluminous notes in his diary, studying local languages, and making scientific reports. On Livingstone's first furlough back to England, he addressed the faculty and students at Cambridge University. That contact led to the founding of the Universities Missions Society to Central Africa. Later, as he contemplated returning to Africa, Livingstone had a disagreement with the London Missionary Society regarding the location of their mission posts. As a result, he turned to the British government for support in his exploration. But that move proved to be disastrous. To add to his woes, Livingstone's wife died in 1863. After her death, he simply disappeared from sight, cutting all communication with England. Then Henry M. Stanley, a reporter from The New York Herald, was sent to find Livingstone. He discovered him at Ujiji, where he gave the ailing Livingstone food and medicine. But Livingstone refused to go home. In 1873, he was found dead, kneeling by his bed. His native assistants took the body of their beloved leader overland to the coast, about 1,500 miles away. Before his body was transported to England to be interred in Westminster Abbey, his heart was removed and buried in Africa. Livingstone's geographical discoveries were many, including Victoria Falls, and the mapping of the Zambezi River system. This feat opened the continent for trade and further missions. Livingstone worked diligently to suppress the slave trade in Africa. Although he saw some progress in that area, the despicable exploitation was not stopped during his lifetime. Livingstone was obsessed with serving Africa in the name of Christ. Believing that God was at work in every area of human activity, he felt that conversion should have an impact on the economy and cultural life of a society. He believed in missions expansion rather than consolidation. In fact, he envisioned whole people groups coming to Christ. Livingstone truly opened up Africa for the gospel. By the time a society is ready for revival, spiritual and moral darkness covers the land. It is then that God, in His mercy, calls forth believers from all walks of life to go forth into the darkest reaches of society and express His love for the needy. Often, the reform of a political or economic system is not a primary intent, but comes about as the biblical mandates of love, justice, and equality are practiced. Through revival, individuals have consistently changed their societies by acting with compassion in behalf of those less fortunate. All the reformers we have studied committed themselves to making changes in society. Though their projects were different, each made a significant contribution that has made the world a better place to live in today. Take the quiz Quiz Instructions Test your knowledge by taking this short quiz which covers what you just read. Select the correct response based on the lessons and concepts of this chapter. 1. A consequence of winning independence and establishing the Constitution was that America forgot the __________ roots of her freedom. 2. In the 1800s Bible colleges like Harvard and Princeton remained true to the gospel. 3. Ministers who rode about on horseback were called __________ preachers. 4. The first __________ was born when tents were erected to meet the accommodation needs of the large attendance at a revival meeting. Crusade meeting 5. In the early frontier revivals both blacks and whites were part of the multitude crying out for mercy. 6. In spite of revival, the American frontier still seethed with gambling, cursing, and vice. 7. De Tocqueville wrote that freedom depends on a __________ foundation of revealed truth mediated through religious institutions. 8. Over a half million people were converted through Finney's ministry. 9. The majority of Finney's converts ended up backsliding. 10. Finney's life revealed a willingness to change, a deep and loving devotional and prayer life, and a radical message of practical and immediate __________. 11. The life and writings of __________ influenced more people toward revival and social reform than any preacher up to that time. 12. __________ was a noted female revivalist who with her husband experienced extraordinary results. Phoebe Palmer Mother Teresa 13. In the Great Awakening of 1857 __________ played a key role. 14. __________ believed: "What is morally right cannot be politically wrong and what is morally wrong cannot be politically right." Karl Marx Lord Shaftesbury 15. The revivalists who followed the Reformation corrected some of its weaknesses. 16. Finney preached that God's grace in the baptism of the Holy Spirit was the key to __________ of society and individuals. 17. There is an important link between a genuine Christian life and the reformation of the world. 18. The __________ probably saved England from a revolution similar to the French Revolution. 19. The revivalists linked __________ and spiritual growth directly to the alteration of society. 20. One particular group who participated in the "Prayer-Meeting Revival" was __________. Give Now
Alceste De Ambris Alceste De Ambris was an Italian , the brother of Amilcare De Ambris. De Ambris had a major part to play in the agrarian strike action Strike action Strike action, also called labour strike, on strike, greve , or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became... s of 1908. De Ambris was born in Licciana Nardi Licciana Nardi Licciana Nardi is a comune in the Province of Massa-Carrara in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 110 km northwest of Florence and about 25 km northwest of Massa.-Geography:... , province of Massa-Carrara Province of Massa-Carrara The Province of Massa and Carrara , until 2009 Province of Massa-Carrara, is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is named after the two main towns in its territory: Carrara and Massa, its capital.-History:... He engineered the split within the Milanese Syndical Union (USM) through his August 18, 1914 public speech, when he took the side of interventionism Interventionism may refer to:*Interventionism is a political term for significant activity undertaken by a state to influence something not directly under its control.... and advocated Italy's entry into World War I World War I . As a partisan of syndicalism , he believed the war to represent an opportunity equal to the impact of the French Revolution French Revolution , and took his supporters (USM and Parma Labor Chamber) out of the Unione Sindacale Italiana Unione Sindacale Italiana Unione Sindacale Italiana is an anarcho-syndicalist trade union. It is the Italian section of the International Workers Association , and the name of USI is... to found the Fasci d'Azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista. The manifesto of the new movement attracted Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini , who led his own movement, the Fasci autonomi d'azione rivoluzionaria, into a merger that gave birth to Fasci autonomi d'azione rivoluzionaria. With Gabriele D'Annunzio Gabriele D'Annunzio Gabriele D'Annunzio or d'Annunzio was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist, and dramatist... , he coauthored the Charter of Carnaro Charter of Carnaro The Charter of Carnaro was the constitution of the Italian Regency of Carnaro, a short-lived government in Fiume , proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio on 8 September 1920... , a constitution for Fiume. De Ambris provided the legal and political framework for the document while D'Annunzio used his skills as a poet to make the document more impressive; he was also the leader of a nationalist syndicalist union "Unione Italiana del Lavoro." Although linked to the beginnings of Fascism through his attitude in 1914 and the support he gave D'Annunzio, De Ambris became a vocal opponent of Partito Nazionale Fascista and Mussolini's dictatorship. He and D'Annunzio were asked by Fascist supporters to run in the elections of May 15, 1921, but both refused. Before the March on Rome March on Rome The March on Rome was a march by which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party came to power in the Kingdom of Italy... , De Ambris depicted the Fascist movement as "a filthy pawn in Mister Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti 's game of chess, and made out of the least dignified section of the bourgeoisie In sociology and political science, bourgeoisie describes a range of groups across history. In the Western world, between the late 18th century and the present day, the bourgeoisie is a social class "characterized by their ownership of capital and their related culture." A member of the... His citizenship was withdrawn in 1926, and he had to flee for France . He continued attacking the regime through his writings (published as Lettere dall'esilio - "Letters from exile"). He died at Brive in 1934.
Jumping onto trucks to get to Britain: A migrant’s day Jumping onto trucks to get to Britain: A migrant's day Young Sudanese men who escaped war in their country now spend their days in the French port of Calais, trying to jump onto moving trucks bound for Britain Mohammad and Jaber spend every day looking for the right truck, and this afternoon it feels like it could happen. This truck seems right. They scream to their friend to jump. He runs, latches on to the moving rig between the cab and the cargo compartment, and squeezes in. The truck doesn’t stop, meaning the driver hasn’t noticed. The truck and its stowaway then disappear down a French highway toward the 英語チャネルトンネル, the man’s friends hoping he makes it to his destination: 英国 Mohammad and Jaber are young Sudanese refugees who escaped war in their country, endured kidnappings or beatings in Libya, and crossed the deadly Mediterranean to Italy. They are now in the northern French town of Calais and like hundreds of other people mostly from East Africa and the Middle East, they are trying to get to Britain by hiding in trucks in what has proved to be a dangerous and potentially lethal method. Politicians on both sides of the English Channel are arguing about how to make them stop, after thousands of people crossed into Britain by various means in recent months in a flow that has been met with heightened anti-immigrant rhetoric. While those with some money can pay to go to Britain on flimsy, overcrowded boats in often dangerous waters, the ones who can’t have to jump on one of the tens of thousands of commercial trucks that pass each week between France and Britain. Many of the migrants in Calais want to reach the UK in search of economic opportunity or because of family and community ties. French authorities say another big draw is lax British rules toward migrants without residency papers. Only young and fit migrants unencumbered by other family members dare attempt the truck-jumping. It’s a team effort. On a cold autumn day in Calais last week, five young men crouched by a roundabout at a muddy construction site, watching as trucks emerged from a warehouse. A sixth young man hid close to the road. When a promising-looking truck came out, the other men screamed at him to jump on. There’s a code to tell jumpers which one of the exiting trucks they should grab onto. “We tell them number one, いいえ, number two, いいえ, number three, はい!” Mohammad explained, giving only his first name for fear of arrest or expulsion for trying to cross borders illegally. The truck drivers check to see that no one enters their rigs, or stop to tell would-be stowaways they they’re not going to Britain and that there’s no point in climbing aboard. 警察 in patrol cars come by often, あまりにも, their sirens blaring, to deter the men. Once aboard a rig, the jumpers pay close attention to the truck’s route. Only one sequence of left and right turns will lead them to the promised land across the Channel. If the combination is the wrong one, they get off and start over again. Mohammad twice managed to get on a truck unnoticed but had to jump off when he realized it was not going to the UK. Some ride in the space between the cab and the cargo. Some climb into the cargo compartment if they can pry the doors open. And even if the vehicle is going in the right direction, more challenges and danger await the stowaways. Police use technology at the Channel tunnel to scan trucks for body heat and moving shadows. If the stowaways are discovered, they are forced out of the vehicles by police. より多い 18,000 were discovered in trucks last year, そして 11,000 so far in 2021. Refugee advocacy groups and human rights observers report receiving calls for help from migrants in refrigerated trucks who say they are suffocating or about to die from hypothermia. Some say they have been roughed up by police when caught. Some suffer broken bones or worse from trying to jump onto moving trucks. In late September, 20-year-old Yasser Abdallah was crushed to death by a truck. Abdallah, あまりにも, had fled Sudan. He dreamed of being a taxi driver in Britain. The Calais migrant community grieved for him, and a week later, より多い 300 came out to march in his memory. In a written appeal to truck drivers, the marchers asked: “When you notice a refugee in the truck, you shake the truck and brake again and again until we let go. Why can’t we continue our travel?」 The truck jumpers have kept on trying. 「贖罪」のブライオニー・タリス役のガライ, they sleep in the forest around Calais, in a tent if they’re lucky, but usually under tree. Police raid the encampments every morning, arresting them, tear-gassing them and confiscating their belongings, according to human rights observers. “Some people stay one day, some one week, some one month, 自分, four months and 15 日々,” Mohammad said. He and others estimate two to three a day succeed in hopping a truck to Britain. Ahmad, a 28-year-old, Sudanese truck jumper who left his country in 2018 because of the war, showed a reporter a TikTok video dated one day after Yasser died, from the account of someone who made it across. On the video, a man runs by a white and blue truck and pulls himself up. The video is overlaid with Arabic text, the Union Jack and two letters from the English alphabet: “UK.”
Health Benefits of Bowling 8 Points to Better Well-Being Spell "DUCKPINS" Disease Prevention Use and Strengthen Muscles The average duckpin bowling ball weighs around 3-1/2 pounds. When you repeatedly swing and release the ball, that weight tones your shoulders, arms, chest, and legs. Gripping the ball itself strengthens the muscles in your hands. During a single game, you'll roll the ball an average of 20-30 times. That's a lot of reps! Calorie Burning "Keep that body always moving!" Bowling burns anywhere from 175-300 calories an hour -- which is the equivalent of jumping rope for 25 minutes. And with the continual rolling of a ball, you'll keep your circulation moving. Keen Hand-Eye Coordination Coordination improves with practice over time, so the more you bowl, the better you'll get. Physical Rehabilitation Whether it be recovering from an accident, or adjusting to a new way of functioning, such as in a wheelchair . . . participation in an activity that requires repetition points to bowling as a tremendous outlet. Taking part in an activity that promotes instant gratification and satisfaction, as well as a thrill, brings about self-confidence in one's ability. And, small ball bowling is the perfect solution! Improved Flexibility While we're on the subject of gripping and rolling a 3-1/2 pound ball, your strength isn't the only thing that will benefit from this repeated motion. The twisting, lunging, and stretching that bowling requires, improves your flexibility. Every time you extend your arm and body, your joints, ligaments, and muscles are extending with it. Not to mention, carrying extra weight on your upper half instructs your lower half to offset the difference through improved balance and posture. New and Sustained Interest Regular exercise, and employing a recurring state of concentration and focus on a particular activity gives you something to look forward to. The fun, challenge, and appeal of "Small Ball" bowling sustains interest. Social Betterment Bowling is a social sport. When you're not on the lane, you're usually hanging out with your teammates and friends. According to Psychology Today, people who socialize even once a week tend to have a stronger immunity, and are less likely to suffer from depression and certain types of cancer.
Nosocomial Infections Approximately 5 per cent of all patients develop a nosocomial infection as a result of being hospitalized, with an average resultant stay in-hospital of 13 days longer than controls. Costs nationally are 5 billion dollars. 1.1. Nosocomial Infection: An infection acquired in hospital which was not present or incubating at admission. Nosocomial infection (NI) incidence is related to severity of underlying disease, i.e. patients with a 50 per cent chance of death in 1 year have a 40 per cent chance of NI, whereas a patient with a non-fatal illness have only a 3 per cent chance of NI. Sites of NI are found in the following frequency: • Urinary Tract 40 % • Surgical Wound 25 % • Respiratory Tract 20% • Bacteremia 3 % • Other 12% 2. Agents Organisms that cause nosocomial infections are similar to community agents but there are exceptions:MRSA (Methicillin Resistant S. aureus), VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci), and ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Klebsiella and E. Coli) have become more common. 3. Encounter Organism transmission can occur from direct contact from hands, or indirect through air, fomites (environmental surfaces)! Blood transfusions may be contaminated. Staff may be carriers of organisms, such as S. aureus or group A B-hemolytic streptococci. Organisms in environment, like fungi, may be endemic, but due to nature of immunosuppression cause disease in some hosts (like BMT). 4. Entry Organisms enter through barriers that have been breached, such as intravenous catheters, or invasive procedures. 4.1. Burn patients may be at risk for skin colonization and develop Pseudomonas sepsis. 4.2. Inhalation or aspiration pneumonia may occur following surgery and anesthesia. 4.3. Ingestion of C. difficile may lead to antibiotic associated diarrhea, or VRE may be ingested and lead to colonization which precedes invasive infection. There are certain factors related to hospitalization that carry an undue risk of a nosocomial infection:Endotracheal Tube, Bladder Catheter, Intravenous Catheter, Non-Elective admission, age over 65 years, operative procedure during admission, hyperalimentation (TPN), immunosuppression. 5. Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections Usually related to GU manipulation and Foley catheterization, closed- catheter drainage has decreased the risk of bacteriuria but the risk is cumulative and is ~ 5% per day of placement. Risk of bacteriuria related to skill of person inserting Foley, and adequacy of Foley care (i.e. use of proper technique). Females > 50 have highest risk of infection. 5.1. Pathophysiology of infection: The collection bag may become contaminated or organisms may traverse Foley-meatal interface, causative organisms are usually host flora--E. coli Enterococci, Proteus, Klebsiella. Outbreaks due to these and other organisms which are resistant to multiple antibiotics have been reported. Systemic prophylactic antibiotics do not decrease risk and may pre-dispose to superinfection; bladder irrigation with antibiotics not of proven value. Prevention includes removal of Foley catheter when possible. 6. Nosocomial Wound Infection Risk can be related to the type of surgical procedure performed: Clean Wounds—sterile site entered--risk 1-3%. Clean-Contaminated--Respiratory, or GU tracts entered in controlled circumstances--risk ~ 4% . Contaminated Wounds--Open, Accidental Wounds, Gross Spillage GI Tract, etc.--risk ~ 9%. Dirty Wounds--infected site-risk ~ 13%. Wounds can become infected at many times during hospitalization: The OR may serve as a source through contaminated instruments, personnel, etc. As in urinary tract infections, patient's flora may contaminate the wound, however hospital organisms usually predominate with multiple antibiotic resistances. When S. aureus or Group-A-beta-hemolytic Streptococci cause several infections, one should worry about personnel as carrier. Prophylactic antibiotics administered at time of surgery have been shown to be of benefit in preventing some types of infections. 7. Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infection Coma, hypotension, tracheal intubation, antimicrobics, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, leukocytosis or leukopenia all are associated with colonization of the airway by Gram negative bacilli. Age > 70, thoracic or abdominal surgery associated with increased risk. Colonization of airway does predispose to Nosocomial Pneumonia--23 per cent colonized develop pneumonia versus 4 per cent not colonized. Decreased gastric acidity associated with increased risk of colonization. In 1960's, outbreaks of Nosocomial Pneumonia were related to contaminated respiratory therapy equipment. With current usage of disposable equipment, this is less of a hazard. Gut decontamination regimens recently fashionable, do not increase survival. For some pathogens such as Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter the risk of death increases 2 fold. Prevention includes prone ventilation, early extubation where feasible. 8. Primary Bacteremia Primary bacteremia: not ascribable to another focus of infection, usually the result of a contaminated intravenous site or fluid (intra-arterial too!) or emanating from GI tract in neutropenic patient. There are many different areas from bottle to intravascular segment that can become contaminated during the course of IV therapy. Risk of IV infection related to type of cannula and duration in site. Usual pathogens are S. aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Candida. Antibiotic ointments at the site decrease bacterial colonization rates, local infection rates and local phlebitis. There have been nationwide outbreaks of IV fluid infections related to contamination of IV bottle--unusual pathogens have been involved-- Enterobacter agglomerans, a plant pathogen, has been implicated in 3 epidemics, probably because of its ability to grow in D5W at room temperature. 9. Preventability It has been demonstrated that “Awareness Programs” among Staff, Nurses, etc. can decrease the extent of NI. Handwashing, which has been demonstrated to reduce transmission of organisms since 1600’s is not performed frequently or properly. Studies in ICU show that about 25-35% of patient encounters result in handwashing. New alcohol based scrub – 10 second pump and distribute is superior to washing hands. Prevention includes surveillance, education, teaching. Each hospital mandated to have infection control committee. Most have department with hospital epidemiologist, infection control practitioners.
Nutritional Vitamins: The Necessity Of Preserving Foods Vitamins and minerals are issues we take in our foods. They’re important to assist maintain well being. However, they can also be problematic. The minerals we need are often offered by consuming wholesome foods similar to fruits and vegetables and entire grains. Many people do not get enough vitamins and minerals from their foods. Vitamins are substances the body must function normally. An important nutrient is a non-protein, non-fat substance that an organisms requires in small amounts for the right functioning of its metabolic system. These substances cannot be manufactured within the physique, and so must be ingested by means of the meals consumed. Some vitamins like A, B, C and E are fat soluble, and different vitamins akin to Zinc, Selenium and Omega 3 are water soluble. For more info about Best place to buy steroids online in Canada look into the web site. Vitamins A, B, C and E are necessary for normal progress and improvement, however provided that taken in enough doses. An excessive amount of of some vitamins and minerals can lead to an issue. For instance, an excessive amount of folic acid, iron and the B vitamins (foliate and sulfate) may cause delivery defects. Vitamins resembling Pantothenic Acid, Choline, Iodine, Magnesium, Chromium, Sodium, Zinc and Vitamin E can stop coronary heart disease, but extreme intake can increase cholesterol levels, trigger arthritis and poor kidney and urinary tract perform. An excessive amount of salt, too little fiber and saturated fats can weaken the immune system. Although vitamins and minerals are important to wholesome residing, they sometimes get missed in a wholesome diet and/or within the common upkeep of fine health. Our modern day western diet doesn’t provide many nutrients in enough sufficient amounts. A wholesome weight loss plan consists mainly of fresh fruits, vegetables, complete grain breads and cereals, milk and dairy products, fish and seafood, nuts, seeds and legumes. All these foods contain essential nutrients that we want. The primary goal of vitamins is to assist the body operate correctly. Vitamins like A, B, C and E are wanted to keep up good health and to carry out many vital functions in the body. Vitamin A helps with eye well being, helps with cell regeneration, reaction to infections, and so forth. Vitamin B helps maintain healthy pores and skin, hair and teeth. Some minerals help the body retain calcium, magnesium, potassium, bromelain and folate (an anticoagulant). Your finest solution to get the entire above nutrients is to eat a healthy weight-reduction plan stuffed with fresh fruits, vegetables, entire grains and cereals. Avoid junk foods and heavily processed meats. Drink plenty of pure water. And, get sufficient sleep, train and proper relaxation to enable your body to assimilate all of the vitamins and minerals. As mentioned, you must observe a weekly regime of eating nutritious foods. Which means you need to eat a various quantity of foods every day, reasonably than consuming one kind of meals for every meal. Also attempt to keep your diet as balanced as attainable; i.e. eat small quantities of different vitamins and minerals, so that your physique has one of the simplest ways of getting all the nutrients it wants. A balanced food plan is greatest on your physique, however you too can take supplements to provide the vitamins and minerals that your body needs. However, all the time remember to get vitamins and minerals from foods which can be natural – organic foods. Avoid processed, commercialized foods as they usually contain synthetic additives and chemicals that interfere with your physique’s absorption of those vital micronutrients. So, discover a stability between artificial vitamins and minerals and actual foods wealthy in nutrients, and you’ll be wholesome and sturdy! You may get lots of micronutrients from natural vegetables and fruit, though you is not going to get all of them by way of eating these foods every day. However, you’ll be able to improve your health by consuming slightly vitamin and mineral supplement every single day, comparable to Vitamin C supplements, as an example. The really helpful every day allowance of vitamins for adults is 400 mcg of those ‘important’ minerals per day. But, as a result of vegetables and fruits are advanced foods, it isn’t possible to provide them with all of the nutrients that they want by way of taking supplements. That’s the place entire grains come into the image. Whole grains include those foods that most individuals can’t dwell without, however do not get sufficient of because they lack nutritional value. So, they’re a superb source of vitamins and minerals, especially B vitamins, which our our bodies actually need in giant amounts. However, some folks aren’t in a position to eat enough whole grain meals, so they turn to lean meats and processed meats to satisfy their vitamin and mineral needs. Lean meats are better for you than processed meats. For those who eat lean meats repeatedly, you’re going to get most, if not all, of the vitamins and minerals that you simply need. Instead of shopping for expensive vitamins and minerals in pill type from drugstores, go to your native health meals store and buy bulk items that include a wide range of nutrients in a single place. Whole foods are the technique to go, if you’d like to remain wholesome. In spite of everything, the aim is to remain wholesome for all times. If you have any questions with regards to the place and how to use simply click the next internet page, you can call us at our own webpage. 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Frequently Asked Questions: Covid Vaccination Frequently Asked Questions - Covid Vaccination and the Christian Response InterChurch Bioethics Council \| 13 Oct 2021 Is Covid19 really that bad? In the past year worldwide, there have been over 114 million people infected and over 2.5 million deaths from Covid; 22 million people are currently infected, with 90,000 of these in serious or critical condition in hospitals. While Covid statistics are worse for those aged over 65, 5% of Covid deaths (125,000 people) have been aged under 45. Aotearoa New Zealand, while not experiencing the large waves of infection seen in other countries, is actively fighting Covid19 - the best protection for our communities in the future, even as people of faith and especially as people of faith, is to be vaccinated so we have immunity against any Covid infection we encounter. Covid19 is a virus that kills – our decision about vaccination can mean life or death for ourselves and others. What are the four Covid19 Vaccines on order for New Zealand? The NZ Government has ordered four different Covid19 vaccines, produced using 3 different scientific technologies. This is enough for New Zealand and our Pacific neighbours, and has given us flexibility depending on the vaccines’ performances in other countries that use them before we do, and their future availabilities. Specifically, these vaccines are: 1) Pfizer-BioNTech (EU) as of March 8, NZ has ordered enough for 5 million people. Approved by NZ Medsafe, vaccinations of MIQ and border staff are underway. Requires -80°C storage, 2 doses several weeks apart. 2) Oxford-AstraZeneca (UK) for 3.8 million people, approval pending, 4°C storage, 2 doses several weeks apart. 3) Janssen (Johnson and Johnson, US) for 5 million people, approval pending, 4°C storage, just 1 dose. 4) Novavax (US) for 5.36 million people, approval pending, 4°C storage and 2 doses several weeks apart. How do these different vaccines work? All four vaccines use only the spike protein of the Covid19 virus to prompt an immune response in a vaccinated person. This spike protein is a characteristic feature of the outer coating of the Covid19 virus, and on its own is key to initiating an effective immune response after a vaccination. A vaccinated person’s immune response involves immediate attack on the ‘invading’ spike protein by antibodies and immune cells, and creates an immune memory of the Covid19 spike protein for protection against future infections. The differences between the vaccines are whether it is the DNA or RNA information for the spike protein or the actual pre-made spike protein being used as the active ingredient of the vaccine. 1) The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is made with a newer mRNA technology, where the active part of the vaccine is the Covid19 spike mRNA. When used in a vaccine, this mRNA is able to enter our cells local to the injection site, and prompt these cells to produce spike protein which then starts an immune response against the virus. Importantly, after the spike protein is produced according to the vaccine mRNA information, the mRNA is quickly destroyed by our cell enzymes. 2) and 3) Both the Oxford- AstraZeneca vaccine and Janssen vaccine are produced using viral vectors, where DNA for the Covid19 spike protein is exchanged with DNA inside a harmless virus such as the common cold adenovirus. The altered adenovirus containing the Covid spike DNA is injected as the active part of the vaccine and used by the vaccinated person’s cells to produce spike proteins to alert their immune system 4) The Novavax vaccine is made using traditional protein-adjuvant technology where the spike protein is first made in the lab, and bonded to a large plant molecule (adjuvant) that is known to further boost the immune response of the vaccinated person. This Spike protein-adjuvant molecule then is the active ingredient of the Novavax vaccine. Are any of these vaccines live or infectious? Each vaccine contains either the information (as mRNA or DNA) or pre-made protein for just the Covid19 spike protein, and because there is no intact or live Covid19 virus present in the vaccine, the vaccine cannot give you Covid. None of the vaccines contain any human or other cellular material from their production. Have these vaccines been developed too quickly to be safe? Several countries have urgently worked together, sharing information and building on years of past research, to manufacture Covid19 vaccines in historically record time. This global sharing of technologies has allowed speed in vaccine production, while still ensuring full and carefully testing. In New Zealand, Medsafe is responsible for checking safety and effectiveness of medicines from all available global information, before allowing their use in this country. Worldwide, there is a rapidly increasing amount of data being generated from the millions of people now vaccinated, as well as from the rigorous phase 3 human clinical trials required for each vaccine before commercial manufacture is permitted. Since NZ is in the fortunate position of having contained Covid19 infection, we have been able to observe how other countries go with their vaccinations before beginning our vaccination, allowing Medsafe to fully assess vaccine applications informed by a very large body of evidence. Can DNA or RNA vaccines change our own human DNA when injected as a vaccine? Vaccines cannot affect or interact with our DNA when we are vaccinated, nor become part of our own DNA. After vaccination, Covid spike proteins are made inside the cells local to the injection site, and the RNA or DNA from the vaccine is then destroyed by our own cell enzymes, as would happen with any other viral DNA or RNA. What is the ethical implication of a vaccine made using cells associated with a historical abortion? Both the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines are produced using human embryonic cell-lines (HEK293 and Per.C6) that act as laboratory cell factories. Human embryonic cell-lines are the best cells to produce human vaccines, while embryonic cells are valuable as they can divide without limit. HEK293 cells were first used in 1973 in the Netherlands from the kidney cells of a legally aborted human foetus, and this cell-line has proved to be an essential tool worldwide for vaccine production such as rubella, chickenpox, shingles and cystic fibrosis. Likewise, the Per.C6 cell-line originated using retinal cells from a human foetus in 1985. It is useful to ethically weigh the lifesaving and ongoing value to human health of these vaccines produced or tested with a small number of available human embryonic cell-lines, with the compromise that the original source of each cell-line was a single aborted foetus. To be considered in this balance: i) laboratory use was not the reason for either of these two abortions ii) after production of viral vector spike protein, no human foetal cells or cell parts remain in the final vaccine. iii) while only Oxford-AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines are produced using human embryonic cell-lines, Pfizer-BioNTech and Novavax have been tested at some stage using human embryonic cell-lines iv) the Vatican has advised the Catholic church that a greater good comes from using a vaccine if there is not an alternative, even if the vaccine has ethically compromised origins. (For more info see: Covid19 vaccines and their link with abortions) What is the urgency to be vaccinated if I am young and healthy? In order to provide protective herd immunity (where the virus cannot infect enough people to keep replicating itself),70-90% of people in a population need to be vaccinated. A recent poll showed that currently 70-75% of New Zealanders would be willing to be vaccinated, while 20% were undecided. Older people and immuno-compromised people are more susceptible to dying from Covid19, but younger and healthy people are still vulnerable to being infected, transmitting Covid19 to others and suffering from debilitating long-term Covid19 effects. Our individual vaccination decision very much affects others as well as ourselves. What is our role and response as Christians and church communities? - be informed and proactive about sharing factual, evidence-based information with others - sharing truth rather than misinformation so that Covid vaccination is fully understood by everyone. - consider the importance of the life-saving benefit to all by being vaccinated against Covid. - use our unique influence for many parts of our New Zealand society, reaching corners of our communities where other communications may not reach, promoting vaccine equity and access for everyone. - be witnesses of care in our communities by using effective church communication based on factual information about Covid vaccination, openly discussing any ethical questions being asked, and assisting health officials in any way when it’s our turn to be vaccinated. These facts were prepared by Christian scientists and medical experts from the Aotearoa New Zealand InterChurch Bioethics Council which is supported by the Anglican, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Nebelung vs Maine Coon Nebelung vs Maine Coon The Nebelung cat breed is new and rare. These cats are closely related to Russian Blue cats, and their name means “creature of the mist” in the German language. Maine Coons, meanwhile, are known as gentle giants, and are affectionate, gentle and calm, despite their large size. In this article, we look at the differences between these two breeds, as well as some notable similarities. Nebelung vs Maine Coon: What are the differences? 1, Size Nebelung cats are medium-sized and weigh around six to 13 pounds. They are long-muscled and have long legs. Maine Coons, on the other hand, weigh 11 to 19 pounds or more, and have a strong bone structure. These cats are large and have broad chests and muscular bodies. 2. Color Nebelung cats have silver-blue fur, while Maine Coons have many coat colors including red, blue, solid white, cream and black. The latter also come in tabby bi-color, tortoiseshell, particolor, calico and shaded. The brown tabby is the most popular coat shade for this breed. 3. Fur type or texture Nebelung cats have a soft, two-layered coat suitable for any weather. The outer coat is fine, silky and semi-long over the body, and is shorter at the shoulder. The males may have neck ruffs and longer fur on the tail. It may take up to two years for their coats to fully develop. Maine Coons have three coat layers and the guard hair is usually coarser, protecting the cats from snow and water. The two layers of undercoat are softer, and their long fur protects them from harsh weather conditions. 4. Health issues Nebelung cats are generally healthy and have only minor health issues. They can live up to 20 years if given proper care and attention. However, once they reach their senior years they may be prone to arthritis, hearing loss, diabetes, thyroid problems and dementia. Maine Coons are predisposed to health problems like hip dysplasia, spinal muscular atrophy and feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hip dysplasia degenerates the joints and leads to joint stiffness and pain, and could develop into osteoarthritis. Spinal muscular atrophy is a hereditary disease that destroys motor neurons, while feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an abnormal thickening of the heart and a common disease among felines. Nebelung and Maine Coon cats: Similarities Both breeds have a similar origin, or history. Nebelung cats, relatives of the short-haired Russian Blue, originated in the USA when breeder Cora Cobb bred a Domestic Shorthair with a Russian Blue in the mid-1980s. The breed was recognized by The International Cat Association and the American Cat Fanciers Association as a new breed in 1987. Meanwhile, Maine Coons originated in Maine, USA, and were allegedly brought to the USA from Europe on ships. The first reference to this breed was in about 1861. They have similar personalities and temperaments. Nebelung cats are good-natured, playful and gentle. They have superior intelligence and can form a tight bond with their humans. They have dog-like qualities and can also be vocal at times. They tend to be aloof with strangers, and can be finicky with their food. If they are not well socialized they could be nervous. They have a quiet nature and are ideal pets for small families. Maine Coons are playful, affectionate and gentle cats. They are referred to as gentle giants because of their relaxed nature despite their huge size. They are sociable, fairly vocal, and highly intelligent, which makes them very easy to train. They adore puzzle toys, tend to have dog-like qualities, and are ideal companions for children and cat-friendly dogs. Nebelung cats are strikingly beautiful felines with a gentle and sociable nature. They are closely related to Russian Blue cats and share similarities with Maine Coons when it comes to personality and origin. However, they also have differences, such as their size and coat color and type. Moreover, Nebelung cats are generally healthy, while Maine Coons are prone to issues such as hip dysplasia and spinal muscular atrophy. Image: / Veronika Viskova
The Rise of Regional Latin Music, Part 3: Latin Music Genres Evolution In the final part of our regional Latin music series, we cover Latin music genres like Trap Corrido, which evolved through migration and cross-cultural influence. MIGRANTES + Oscu + Rombai + AGP + Alico · Prod. Valdi \| Si Me Tomo Una Cerveza REMIX [Video Oficial] Humans migrate — it is intrinsic to our nature. When we do migrate, we aren’t just transporting ourselves, but our culture as well. Thanks to the globalization wave that took place during the 20th century, migration was turbocharged, provoking cultural exchanges that generated new cuisines, mestizo graphic expressions, and new music genres. Music is possibly one of the cultural expressions that records such cultural exchanges with the greatest fidelity. Many of you reading this will probably wonder what happens with international Latin music genres like Reggaeton, Latin Pop, Latin Rock, and so on, but in this last part of the series, we have chosen to analyze hybrid genres that have deep roots in traditional regional Latin music genres. Since we cannot go into detail for every genre that fits this description, we’ve chosen to analyze the evolution of a couple of Mexican and Colombian music genres, some of which we’ve already spoken about: Cumbia, the epitome of a regional music genre gone global; Trap Corrido, a movement that mixes Corrido with Trap and Latin Pop; and Guaracha Electrónica, a hybrid music genre with deep roots in electronic music that incorporates Latin American regional music sounds as a core part of its sound. All of these genres have generated huge hits recently and promise to have more in store for us. Listen to our interview on Latin Music genres evolution with Francisco below. Cumbia Goes Global: Countries Develop Their Own Styles As economic and cultural exchanges intensified during the 20th century, Cumbia traveled around Latin America until it was adopted by virtually every Spanish speaking country in the region. As a result, the variations in subgenres today are numerous and rich, resulting in almost every Latin American country now having its own Cumbia style. In spite of being originally a Colombian music genre, Cumbia has become hugely popular outside of Colombia, especially in Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico, and in the Mexican American market. As we will review here, Mexican, Argentinian, and Uruguayan artists are leaving their mark on Cumbia with great regional commercial success. Colombian Cumbia artist Camilo proves that shooting a music video while moving into your first home is all you need to garner 526M YouTube video views (as of March 2021). Latin Pop artists have also started to take notice. The fact that Cumbia is again en vogue didn’t escape the attention of arguably the fastest rising star of the Latin Pop world: Camilo. Camilo has been incorporating different regional Latin music genres in his most recent releases: Bachata from the Dominican Republic and, of course, Cumbia, from his native Colombia, in his track “Vida de Rico.” Diego Burgos, Latin Music Global Editor at Deezer, helps provide more context: Camilo’s “Vida de Rico” is a modern Cumbia Pop song that became a hit in 2020, which attracted younger generations and made Cumbia hip. Also, DJs, Rock, Hip-Hop, and Electronic artists are using Cumbia elements and sampling classic Cumbia rhythms for parties and mixtapes. This has generated a 'new Cumbia' scene in countries like Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. In November 2020, “Vida de Rico” reached global status, entering the worldwide Top 100 on Deezer and encouraging other new artists to explore the genre. Mexico: Cumbia Sonidera Cumbia Sonidera is a subgenre born in Mexico from the fusion of Colombian Cumbia and electronic music influences around the mid ‘80s. This fusion was born at massive street parties organized in working class neighborhoods — parties helmed by DJs known as Sonideros. The sound of Cumbia Sonidera fuses mid-20th century Colombian Cumbia, electronic music through a heavy use of synthesizers, and voice processing effects that invoke those used in ‘80s/’90s EDM tracks. This movement was born mainly in the underground scenes of Mexico City and Monterrey, where these DJs used to do unauthorized “Sonidero” versions of the original recordings coming from Colombia; they then sold the unauthorized versions they made of those songs at their events in the form of compilations. This trend became so popular that many Mexican Cumbia artists and producers started approaching the Sonidero sound in their new original releases. In Part 2 of this series, we spoke about Cumbia and its Colombian origins; however, it will be useful to explore more about its arrival on Mexican shores. Mexico had a really strong film industry between the 1940s and the 1950s, which is why that period is known as “The Golden Era.” During this period, one movie genre that was wildly popular involved musical movies in which music stars from all genres were also the stars of the films, and they got to perform their music as part of the film's narrative. Numerous "Tropical Music” stars, many performing Cuban music, starred in films in Mexico, which opened the doors for artists from all over Latin America to tour in Mexico. Cumbia took advantage of this gateway to make its proper arrival in Mexico by means of the Colombian musician Luis Carlos Meyer. While living in Mexico, Meyer met Rafael de Paz and Tony Camargo, both musicians and music supervisors of the Mexican film industry, and together they incorporated trumpets, trombons, and other brass instruments into Colombian Cumbia, thus birthing what later would be known as Mexican Cumbia. Later iterations included more instruments such as the güiro, small kettledrums, and high trumpets, further reinforcing a unique Mexican sonic identity. At the end of the 1970s, the famous Mexican artist Rigo Tovar incorporated synthesizers, electric guitars, and bass, creating the ideal transitional sound that made Cumbia Sonidera possible, as well as other subgenres known as Tecnocumbia (Cumbia Dance) and Cumbia Rock. Mexican Cumbia act Los Ángeles Azules has kept its youth through the decades by collaborating with fresh talent. Here, with Argentinian artist Ulises Bueno in this 2020 performance of "Ella Se Olvidó" (She Forgot). As in any underground movement, there are a myriad of artists that pave the way for one of them to go mainstream. One of those acts has gone on to build a long and wildly successful career doing Cumbia Sonidera: Los Ángeles Azules. Los Ángeles Azules are a band from Mexico City who are, without a doubt, the biggest Cumbia act in the world today. The band, formed by the siblings Mejía Avante, was originally born in 1976, but it wasn’t until 1983 that they formally started their career playing Grupero music. Years later, after pivoting to Cumbia Sonidera, they had their first huge hit with “Como te Voy a Olvidar,” a song that is now a staple in celebrations of all sorts in Mexico and Latin America. In 2013, they broke the mold by starting collaborations with mainstream Latin Pop artists, a strategy that has continued since then and has paid off handsomely, as shown by the streaming numbers and YouTube video views of their latest hits “Amor a Primera Vista,” with Belinda and Lalo Ebratt (454.5M views), or their version of “Nunca Es Suficiente,” with Natalia Lafourcade (1.17Bviews). Comparing Los Ángeles Azules with international artists, we find that they are the most followed Cumbia artist on both Spotify and Deezer, with 4.1M and 942.5K followers, respectively. On Spotify, this puts them in the same category as British Electronic group Clean Bandit (4.17M), or the contemporary Country group Florida Georgia Line (4.16M). On Deezer, their playlist “100% Los Angeles Azules” grew 40 percent in Colombia and 532 percent globally in 2020. Their wildly successful YouTube channel has accumulated 7.47B views with a growth of 33.7 percent during 2020, which means they’ve generated 1.86B views in the last 12 months alone. Every month, their channel increased by an average of around 174M views, more than what Beyoncé generated each month on average (164.8M), and just below what Cardi B garnered every month, despite a very strong year for her (175M). On Pandora, as expected from a successful Mexican artist, Los Ángeles Azules have a very active listenership, which is evidenced by their 2.62M average monthly listeners, putting them pretty close to American DJ Marshmello (2.63M) and within the same rank as Colombian superstar Maluma, who has 2.64M average monthly listeners. These numbers demonstrate that Los Angeles Azules’ 40+ year career is still stronger than ever. An artist to watch in this category is Raymix, a Mexican musician that represents the new wave of Cumbia Sonidera. He is a former aerospace engineer that trained at NASA and decided to pivot his career into music in the early 2010s. He has declared that his time studying at the agency provided inspiration for his sound, which mixes several Latin genres with state of the art electronics to create a trademark musical and visual style, as his hits “Oye Mujer,” “Tú y Yo” with Mexican Pop star Paulina Rubio, and “¿Dónde Estarás?” show. As expected, his strongest platform is YouTube, which has accumulated 1.49B views in just three years and is generating 27.4M views per month on average. This YouTube performance puts him close to The Jonas Brothers (1.49B) in accumulated views and makes him comparable to the British artist MNEK in average monthly views (27.M). While his career is still maturing, considering he just started releasing music professionally in 2018, Raymix’s streaming numbers and video views reveal that he has a long and interesting career ahead of him. Argentina and Uruguay: Cumbia Pop The Cumbia Pop movement, colloquially known as Cumbia Cheta, is a Cumbia subgenre that originated in Argentina as part of a local phenomenon known as Movida Tropical, which started in the ‘80s with the fusion of Cuarteto, Argentinian Rock, and Argentine Cumbia. Later, in the ‘90s, the Cumbia Pop sound evolved more toward the Pop mainstream with the incorporation of Electro Pop’s sounds and melodic style. This music genre was later adopted by Uruguayan artists with great success. The first Cumbia Pop act to attain a mainstream profile is Agapornis, followed by bands like Mano Arriba, Marama, and one of the most popular acts this genre has given to the world: Rombai. Rombai and crew appear on a Jan 2021 remix of Migrantes' Cumbia Pop hit "Si Me Tomo Una Cerveza" (If I Have Another Beer"). Rombai is a Cumbia Pop band formed in Uruguay in 2014. While it started with several members and vocalists, its current vocalist, Fernando Vázquez, remains the only visible face of the band today. Success arrived quickly for the band, as they reached popularity after launching their first single “Locuras Contigo.” Their biggest hits are “Noche Loca,” “Cuando Se Pone a Bailar,” and “Me Voy.” When we roll our sleeves up and look into their numbers, we can see that their accumulated YouTube channel views amount to 978.8M, growing at a rate of 10.5 percent annually, which represents 69.8M views per month on average. Their aggregate views put them head to head with artists like British Pop Rock band The 1975 (987M accumulated views), while the current interest Rombai’s music entices on YouTube equals that of Charlie Puth, who accumulates 70.2M views per month on average. On Spotify, this Uruguayan band currently has 2.96M listeners, managing to grow their average monthly listeners by 12.7 percent during the last 12 months, putting them on par with Swedish artist/DJ/Producer AronChupa (2.98M average listeners). On Deezer, Rombai saw an increase in popularity in 2020, reaching peaks in July (59 percent growth) and in December (16 percent growth). If we want to know who may be the next big thing in Cumbia Pop, we ought to take a look at Argentinean duo Migrantes. Coincidentally, this duo also formed around 2014 when both of its members were doing music while attending university. They updated their Cumbia Pop sound by incorporating Reggaeton and Latin trap elements into it, which garnered them several local hits — then came “Si Me Tomo Una Cerveza” in November 2020. Aided in part by TikTok and YouTube, “Si Me Tomo Una Cerveza'' became a truly Latin American smash that propagated like fire in all Spanish speaking countries within just two months. In January 2021, a remix including some of the biggest Cumbia Pop and Urban music stars from Argentina was launched to further capitalize on its success. As expected, many of their stats on several digital platforms have suddenly shot up to great heights, including the growth of their average monthly listeners on Spotify, which went from 100K in November 2020 to 5.57M today, similar to the 5.58M of the Dance Pop duo Louis The Child or the French-Congolese Hip-Hop superstar GIMS (formerly Maître Gims) and his 5.59M average monthly listeners. At Deezer, Migrantes saw a mind-blowing increase of 318.3K percent in Colombia and 16.8K percent globally (January 2020-January 2021). As expected, their YouTube views quadrupled in just three months from 39.5M in November to 165.6M views today. “Si Me Tomo Una Cerveza'' (If I Drink a Beer) certainly has changed the life of Migrantes’ members almost overnight, and hopefully, it will propel their career in the years to come. Trap Corrido: Mexican Tradition and American Hip-Hop Come Together As we briefly mentioned in our regional Mexican music genres piece, first-generation Mexican Americans started to fuse the music they listened to at home with their family with the new Anglo music they grew up listening to every day. The result is an unlikely and fascinating mix between Anglo Trap and Mexican Corridos: Trap-corrido, also known as Corridos Tumbados. This genre blends Corridos’ accordion and bajo sexto with Trap’s electronic beats, vocal delivery (flow), and street life narratives glorifying the artists’ Mexican values. While these genres collided first in urban areas in the United States, they later expanded into Mexican cities, especially those close to the border. Since this genre is in its expansion phase, there are countless artists trying to leave their mark and make it as Trap Corrido stars. It is likely that many of them will be one hit wonders, but there are several names, such as Natanael Cano, Junior H, and Esteban Gabriel (among others) who seem to be on the path of forging a long-lasting career. We could discuss endlessly who would take the crown as the king of the genre, but we will pick the one who has branched out the most, worked with big artists from other genres, garnered the most publicity, and made music executives and music fans wonder what Trap-corridos is all about. Natanael Cano is a Mexican singer/songwriter born in Hermosillo, Sonora. He dropped out of high school to move to the United States to pursue a career in music, with impressive results so far. He formally began his career in 2019, reaching fame almost instantly. In a short time span, he has released collaborations with Bad Bunny, Lil Tecca, and Snoop Dogg, and he’s performed on Jimmy Kimmel Live! Among his biggest hits are “Amor Tumbado,” “El Drip,” and “El De La Codeína.” Looking at Natanael Cano’s career by the numbers, we find that his followers on Spotify (1.88M) rival those of more established acts like British Electronic duo Disclosure (1.88M), his Pandora lifetime streams (167M) almost equal those of English singer-songwriter Anne-Marie (167.4M), and his Deezer followers (441K) put him in the same territory as the American Hip-Hop performer Lecrae (444.4K). His 85.9M average monthly views on YouTube place him comfortably above Dutch DJ Martin Garrix and his 81.8M average monthly views. One rising star to watch in this hybrid genre is the Houston-based artist and entrepreneur Esteban Gabriel. Gabriel was born in Salamanca, Mexico, but later moved to Texas to attend university, where he also started a career in music that has yielded hits such as “Piel de Seda,” “Tirando la H,” and “Hay Niveles.” While his career still has room to grow, the potential for growth is indeed noticeable, as his Spotify monthly listener stats show (1.33M). Those stats put him close to legendary and multifaceted RuPaul (1.34M average monthly listeners). His Pandora average monthly listeners (586.9K), meanwhile, put him very close to Becky Hill (588.8K), the British vocalist who had the 2020 international hit “Lose Control” with Italian Electronic trio Meduza, among other hits with many world renowned DJs. Junior H's "Ella" (She) has 43M YouTube views as of March 2021, and the lyrics pretty much embody every high schooler's love lost story. There is one current developing within Trap-corrido which embraces the melancholy that pervades Gen Z music fans: Sad Sierreño. Sad Sierreño tracks mix Sierreño, Trap, and Pop ballads with an unmistakable feeling of desolation that usually deals with heartbreak or even the permanent loss of loved ones. Ballads have always been central in regional Mexican music, and if we add to this that sadness has invaded Pop, Trap, and even regional Latin music, this subgenre was just bound to happen. The names of artists trying to make it in this specific hybrid genre are countless, with some having attained more success than others; however, the main two artists to check out would be Junior H (and his new album “SadBoyz4Life”), and Eslabon Armado (and their 2020 hit “Con Tus Besos”). Latin Rhythms and Electronic Beats: Guaracha Electrónica Guaracha is a regional Latin music genre that originated centuries ago in Spain, but became really popular in the Spanish colonies of the Caribbean, especially in Cuba, where there is a very strong Guaracha tradition in Cuban popular music and theater. Guaracha music also reached the Atlantic Colombian shores, where the locals made it their own. The name Guaracha derives from the dance moves used to dance to it, where the dancers move their feet visibly and sometimes loudly in a dance style that is also known as “Zapateo.” Over the years, cultural exchanges intensified until Latin Tribal House, a House music subgenre similar in structure to Deep House that includes percussive elements of indigenous origin, arrived in Colombia. Upon its arrival, music producers fused Latin Tribal House with Colombian elements from the regional music scene of the city of Cali and its surroundings, giving birth to what we today know as Guaracha Electrónica. With its incorporation of Merengue and Reggaeton, the Guaracha Electrónica dance style is reminiscent of that of the original Guaracha music. This incorporation of the traditional Guaracha dance into the modern Guaracha Electrónica dance style is another reason why this music genre is also known as “Zapateo” and/or “Aleteo,” making a nod to the past. The Guaracha Electrónica scene has been thriving locally for years, with several artists bringing attention in their native Colombia and, on a lesser degree, in neighboring countries Venezuela and Ecuador. Daniel Parranda is a DJ who has been actively putting out music, increasing his streaming activity in the last 12 months by 65 percent, according to the Paris-based platform Deezer. However, the genre struggled to get international recognition and music streaming traction until an infectious track became an international phenomenon in the second half of 2019 and the first half of 2020: “Baila Conmigo” by Dayvi. Dayvi began his career in his native city of Manizales in 2011 with the launch of his EP “F**k Strained, followed by many releases that found Colombian recognition. Then came February 2019, when “Baila Conmigo” was launched along with DJ Víctor Cárdenas and singer Kelly Ruíz. Thanks to serendipity, a couple of months later, memes that used the tune went viral, first in Mexico, and then internationally, leading this song to explode in early June 2019. This single had such an impact in Latin America and Europe that the one and only Jennifer Lopez made her own version of the song later that year, as did the French DJ Willy William and the Brazilian DJ Rennan Da Penha. In 2020, after it went viral in Italy during the first pandemic lockdown, none other than Benny Benassi also jumped in with his own remix. To get an idea of the effect that this track had on the career of DJ Dayvi, let’s get into the numbers: In May 2019, he had 1.8K followers; one year later, he had 35.5K followers; and by December 2020, he had 41.7K, a 3,017 percent increase. Dayvi had 228K average monthly listeners in May 2019; after the track went viral in Italy and France during the first pandemic lockdown in April 2020, he had 7.28M average monthly listeners on the platform, 3,086 percent increase. The impact of this viral hit also had a sizable impact in the US Latin market, as Pandora numbers show: of his 68.3M streams there, 89 percent come from “Baila Conmigo,” putting DJ Dayvi comfortably above the up-and-coming American Electronic duo Sofi Tukker and their 67.9M streams on the platform. Taking a look at his YouTube performance, since this track spurred a sizable amount of user generated content (UGC), the videos with the biggest amount of views are not part of his official channel views count; in spite of this, the 77.3M views he’s been able to accrue put him above Brandon Flowers, the vocalist of the American rock band The Killers, who has been able to generate 76.9M views throughout his solo career. Colombia's Fumaratto teamed up with Lithuanian DJ Dynoro for a remix of "Me Provocas" in April 2020. Another Colombian DJ in the Guaracha Electrónica movement that we must not lose sight of is Fumaratto. Fumaratto is the moniker used by Mateo Quintero, born in Medellin, Colombia. He started doing sets inspired in the Circuit music coming from Mexico and the Latin Tribal House movement, going on to produce his own tracks including these influences, Deep Tech, and Tech House. During 2019, around the same dates when Dayvi blew up with “Baila Conmigo,'' Fumaratto also had his time in the limelight with his single “Me Provocas,” if on a smaller scale. This song also had international impact and reached European markets, to the degree that its remix version helmed by the Lithuanian DJ Dynoro had an even bigger repercussion than the original version of the song. Since Fumaratto already had a long and prolific career before “Me Provocas,'' he’s been able to add 142.3M views to his official channel (not counting UGC), which puts him in the same territory as Jack White and his 143.6M lifetime views. On Spotify, where he currently has 2.44M average monthly listeners (peaking at 3.2M in August 2020), he is in the neighborhood of The Strumbellas, the Canadian Indie Rock band who has had their biggest hit with the song “Spirits.” The Sound of the Future in Latin American Regional Genres After seeing what has happened with Corrido and its evolution to Trap-corrido, the integration of indigenous sounds in a predominantly electronic music genre such as Guaracha Electronica, and with the increased blending of electronic sounds with Cumbia — both in Cumbia Sonidera in Mexico and Cumbia Pop in Argentina — it is clear regional Latin music genres are on a path that will inevitably lead to their modernization. This view is further reinforced by the huge viral hits that Guaracha Electrónica has recently given to the world, the huge Cumbia Sonidera and Cumbia Pop artists charting, and the cultural and commercial phenomenon that Trap-corrido has become. Regional Latin American music genres will incorporate more and more electronic instruments and sounds, thus birthing new subgenres that will reflect the new generation’s views on the world, their realities, values, and the identity imbued in them by their ancestors. Most regional music genres were born outside of urban areas, which is reflected in the instruments they use and the topics addressed in their lyrics. However, modern societies are becoming more and more urban, and this new reality, which is already manifesting itself in the new tracks being put out by young artists, will continue to expand. Contrary to what happens with Pop music, which is a shape-shifting genre that bases its appeal on the latest cultural trends and technological innovations, the foundations that define regional music genres are strong cultural paradigms that are much more resistant to change over time: tradition and identity. It is true that Pop music has repeatedly borrowed elements and sounds from several regional music genres around the world, but making an adaptation to a phrase recently used on the second season of American drama series Pose, we must remember that “Pop music likes to come visit, but it never moves in.” It is hard to imagine what are the sounds and topics that music will touch in 30 years from now, but if there is one thing that we can be sure about Latin American regional music genres — and regional music genres as a whole — is that they will always appeal to the sense of pride of belonging to something greater than oneself. 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(336) 663-8343 Deciphering Tricky Food Labels The latest in markets, vending, office coffee and refreshments. Deciphering Tricky Food Labels Reading food labels should be a routine part of your trips to the grocery store, but it can be confusing. Food manufacturers use all kinds of misleading wording to convince consumers that certain highly processed and packaged foods are healthy when the opposite is often true. Label regulations for packaged foods are complex and can be hard for the general consumer to understand. Many packaged foods use similar terminology to grab your attention and lead you to believe the product is healthy. Multiple claims like “Low-fat, low-carb, no added sugar” can even be included for just one product, leading the consumer to believe that what they’re buying is a healthy choice. Most of the time, these claims are just marketing tricks that don’t truly represent what’s really in that particular food. To help you differentiate between mislabeled junk foods and actual healthy foods, these are some of the most common claims and what they actually mean: Light: Products that are labeled as “light” are processed either to reduce calories and/or fat. Often, these foods are just watered down, but some may also contain added sugar, so check labels carefully. Low-calorie: For a product to be labeled as low-calorie, it has to have one-third fewer calories than the brand’s original product. But one brand’s low-calorie version may have similar calories as another brand’s original product, so always check the actual calorie content per serving on anything touting this claim. Low-fat: Most foods labeled as low-fat have just replaced the fat with more sugar. Low-carb: Low-carb diets have been all the rage in the past decade or so, and food manufacturers have jumped on this bandwagon. Processed foods that claim to be low-carb are almost always still processed junk foods and are no healthier than foods labeled as low-fat. Multigrain: While this may sound like a very healthy choice for bread, crackers, or cereal, it usually means that the product only contains more than one type of grain. And unless the product is marked as whole grain (this should be the first or one of the first terms in the ingredients list), these additional grains are refined, which is not a healthy choice. Made with whole grains: Again, if a product is truly made from whole grains, this will be in the first three ingredients listed. Natural: This is a popular one that many food manufacturers are including on all types of products. Packaged foods that are labeled “natural” do not necessarily resemble anything natural at all. It just means that at one point during processing, the manufacturer worked with a natural food such as rice or apples. Organic: This label is mainly used for marketing purposes, as consumers have been led to believe that organic=healthier. This is not necessarily true, as organic sugar is still sugar. There’s also no proof that organic foods have any additional health benefits compared to non-organic foods. Foods that are labeled organic also usually cost more than their counterparts. No added sugar: Some foods are naturally high in sugar, but just because a food is labeled “no added sugar” does not mean that it doesn’t contain unhealthy sugar substitutes such as sugar alcohols or artificial sweeteners. Fortified or enriched: Some products contain added nutrients, such as Vitamin D in milk or vitamins added to cereals. Just because something is fortified doesn’t make it healthy. Gluten-free: This is another recent diet trend that food manufacturers have jumped on. Some people actually do have a gluten allergy or intolerance, but some people mistakenly believe gluten-free foods are healthier. They are not. They just don’t contain wheat, rye, barley, or spelt but are usually highly processed and full of fat and sugar. Fruit-flavored: Products named after a fruit or labeled fruit-flavored may not contain any real fruit at all. Usually, it just contains chemical ingredients that taste like fruit. Stick with whole fruits. Zero trans fats: This one is very misleading. “Zero trans fats” means the food contains less than 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving. But even if a serving size is very small, the food may still actually contain trans fat. When grocery shopping, stick to buying foods from the outer aisles of the grocery store. Many people do need or want to purchase packaged foods as well, so always read labels carefully to understand exactly what you’re getting. Share this article Recent posts 10 Ways to Sneak Exercise Into Your Busy Schedule Gluten: Myths Versus Facts Women’s Health Checklist at Every Stage of Life Five Exercises to Reduce Stress and Improve Mood Rethink Your Drink: Reducing Sugary Beverages in Your Diet
API Testing 1. What is API? Technically, API stands for Application Programming Interface. But it doesn't make much sense for the beginners. When you type www.google.com in your browser and press Enter, an API request goes out to Google's remote server. Once your browser receives an API response, it interprets it and displays a good looking page. See example below ↓ Check out these youtube videos to have a solid understanding of an API concept. No pressure, just get an idea out of them. 1 - What is an API? Basic concept 2 - REST API concepts and examples 3 - What Is A RESTful API? Explanation of REST & HTTP 4 - REST API & RESTful Web Services Explained 5 - Web services tutorial: What is a web service? \| lynda.com API requests are often called web calls or http calls. These are the most common names for requests that are going from the client to a server. You already know that :) We help ambitious people to get into Tech with no prior experience.
Categories : What do hospitals do with your blood after they test it? What do hospitals do with your blood after they test it? Disposal of Specimens Once the pathologist has reviewed and reported on the excised material, most of those samples—blood or tissue—are disposed of. You’ve probably seen signs in doctors’ offices or hospitals that label Bio-Hazardous Waste. What are normal results for a 24-hour urine test? What kills E coli in bladder? How long can you have a bladder infection without knowing? Can you have bacteria in urine without infection? Asymptomatic bacteriuria means having significant quantities of bacteria in the urine, but no clinical signs of inflammation or infection. In other words, in asymptomatic bacteriuria, a urine culture will be positive. What is the most common urinary parasite? Can bacteria in urine mean STD? A UTI is an infection in any part of this system. Affecting more than 150 million people every year, most UTIs are caused by bacteria from the skin around your genitals or anus entering your urinary tract. It’s possible to get a UTI after sex, but that doesn’t mean it’s necessarily an STI. What are the normal results for urine tests? Normal values are as follows: • Color – Yellow (light/pale to dark/deep amber) • Clarity/turbidity – Clear or cloudy. • pH – 4.5-8. • Specific gravity – 1.005-1.025. • Glucose – ≤130 mg/d. • Ketones – None. • Nitrites – Negative. • Leukocyte esterase – Negative. What are the most common blood tests? Common Lab Tests • Basic Metabolic Panel. • Comprehensive Metabolic Panel. • Lipid Panel. • Liver Panel. • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. • Hemoglobin A1C. How do you treat a bacterial infection in urine? Here are seven effective bladder infection remedies. 2. Frequent urination. 3. Antibiotics. 4. Pain relievers. 5. Heating pads. 6. Appropriate dress. 7. Cranberry juice. How do I read my urine test results? Dipstick test 1. Acidity (pH). The pH level indicates the amount of acid in urine. 2. Concentration. A measure of concentration, or specific gravity, shows how concentrated particles are in your urine. 3. Protein. Low levels of protein in urine are normal. 4. Sugar. 5. Ketones. 6. Bilirubin. 7. Evidence of infection. 8. Blood. What blood tests should you get annually? The 5 types of blood tests you should do every year • Broad Thyroid Panel. • Essential Nutrients: iron/ferritin, vitamin D, vitamin B12, magnesium. • Complete Metabolic Panel and Complete Blood Count. • Metabolic Markers: Hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid panel. • Inflammatory markers: hsCRP, homocysteine. What does it mean when your lab results are abnormal? Positive or abnormal, which means the disease or substance was found. Inconclusive or uncertain, which means there wasn’t enough information in the results to diagnose or rule out a disease. If you get an inconclusive result, you will probably get more tests. What illnesses can be detected by blood tests? Blood Tests • Find out whether you have risk factors for heart disease. • Check whether medicines you’re taking are working. What is a biomedical lab? Biomedical Laboratory Sciences (BLS) is a profession that combines the challenges of medicine, the basic sciences, and clinical sciences into a highly satisfying and valued career. Biomedical laboratory scientists function as detectives, investigating and determining the causes of disease. How long do hospital lab results take?
Quantum Health News July 2020 Your DNA Communicates With Light Next, samples of human DNA were placed inside the tube with the photons, and what happened next is what's truly mysterious. The photons reacted to the DNA, and changed their pattern and formed a specific alignment. In the presence of living material, the human DNA, the photons organized! This signified that the DNA was clearly having a direct influence over the photons. This experiment was repeated and confirmed, and it was further observed that human DNA has a direct affect on the quantum 壮tuff' that our world is made up of. The next big surprise was observed when the researchers removed the DNA from the container. The scientists assumed that the photons would simply return to their original scattered state, but this didn't happen. Instead, the photons remained ordered as if the DNA were still in the tube. Poponin described the light as behaving "surprisingly and counter-intuitively." The researchers hypothesized and were "forced to accept the working hypothesis that some new field structure is being excited." Is there something being left behind? Something in non-physical form? This experiment tells us that DNA is communicating with the 壮tuff' our world is made of, and that there is some sort of invisible field that exists. Perhaps DNA represents a place of storage and communications to the past? To the future? To others in the universe who have left their mark, so to speak. QUANTUM HEALTH TIP: This experiment backs up the new field of Epigenetics, whereby the body's DNA is an antenna array that picks up consciousness. Strengthen this "bio-photon" interaction with our Quantum Balance Crystal. Incense Smokes Out Depression incenseSeveral years back, Johns Hopkins University and Hebrew University in Jerusalem sought to determine exactly how beneficial incense was on a neurological level. What they found was fascinating. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Channels: Ever heard of it? Probably not. It's a little understood ion channel that runs through the body, mainly through the skin, but also in the brain. In the skin, it's primary function is to sense temperature. Without properly functioning ion TRPV channels, it's difficult to notice elevations or reductions in temperature. But its purpose in the brain hasn't been understood very well scientifically. A team of researchers administered doses of isolated incensole acetate from the resin of the Boswellia (Indian frankincense) plant to mice in a controlled setting. They monitored the mice's reactions and discovered activation the TRPV3 channel. So what does that mean? Using standard mood-measurement exercises in the mice, the researchers determined that after ingesting the incensole acetate, the mice reacted with lower anxiety and depressive markers. Speaking plainly, frankincense incense has inherent antidepressant properties, lighting up a part of the brain we don't know much about in modern medicine. Additional studies have shown that this specific resin also has anti-inflammatory effects--and we know that inflammation is possibly the oldest indication of trouble in the human body. These findings could corroborate centuries of usage in holistic and foundational medicine, as well as help us dismantle the modern dependence on antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication being sold at exorbitant and uncapped pricing through the untouchable pharmacological machine. QUANTUM HEALTH TIP: Aromatherapy has been extensively researched and is a powerful and effective healing modality. Visit our Divine Archetypes Aromatherapy formulas, designed by world renown aromatherapist, Candice Covington. Self-Soothing for Dangerous Times soothTo help address anxiety when it arises, we invited two experts, Dr. Ana Bodnar, a registered clinical psychologist, and yoga and meditation teacher, and Pradeep Kumar, a former physician who teaches integrative mind/body medicine and meditation courses, to share simple and effective practices that can neutralize anxiousness and soothe in the moment. Positive self-talk: • "Even if I am feeling anxiety right now, it will pass." • "Even if this feels uncomfortable right now, it will come to an end soon." • "I can cope; I have been through difficult situations before." • "I am more than my anxiety; it is a state that will pass." The Body Scan: • Focus on your breath. • Begin sensing the ground under your feet. • Recite internally, I am aware that my feet are the ground. • Feel your toes on the ground. • Recite internally, I am aware that my toes are on the ground. • Slowly begin to observe your surroundings. • Feel the texture of your clothing. Feel your calves and your thighs. Feel yourself sitting down. • Recite internally, I am aware of the chair supporting me. • Feel the tips of your fingers. • Recite internally, I am aware of the tips of my fingers. • Feel your back and neck relaxed. Feel the breath slowly moving into the abdomen and the chest. Repeating mantra - The repetition of a mantra allows the mind to focus on one sound and can interrupt anxious thought patterns. "Repeating short, positive phrases, mantra or humming activates the relaxation response, as in meditation," says Kumar. "Mantra practice also helps to bypass the amygdala activation in the brain, which is responsible for the fear and anger response, in turn, reducing anxiety." Mindful action - Mindfulness consists of gently becoming aware of our thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations and environment through a compassionate and observational lens. It has long been used to reduce stress and anxiety, and to cultivate focus and clarity. Cognitive behavioural therapy interventions, for instance, often encourage being mindful of one's senses to address anxiety. Breathing practices - "Deep breathing helps to retain carbon dioxide in the body and dilates blood vessels in the brain, inducing a hibernation-like state along with the increased secretion of endorphins and other neuro-chemicals to calm down the body and mind," Kumar explains. "Plus, it assists with the absorption of the nitric oxide gas molecules in the body to dilate the blood vessels, which helps in reducing the blood pressure." Movement practices - "One way to look at anxiety is as energy that is out of balance. Since anxiety can have many physical expressions, physical movement can be very helpful in releasing anxiety," says Bodnar. Movement can include walking outside, working out, a yoga class, a simple stretching exercise, or you can put on your favorite music and dance. Nature walks - Bodnar notes that this can be as simple as walking around your block and being mindful of the trees, the sky, the birds. "Stopping to really look at a tree and remembering how solid it is, with roots in the Earth, can also be helpful." Muscle relaxation: • Make a tight fist and then relax the fist. • Repeat five times. • Close the eyes tightly then relax them. • Repeat five times. A longer practice is progressive muscle relaxation, which includes tensing and releasing all parts of the body to bring about a state of deep relaxation. Exhalation with movement - In addition to deep breathing, Kumar describes a way to release anxiety by aligning the breath with an outward movement: Throw the hands forward with an exhale, as if throwing the anxiety away from you. (This releases the energy of anxiety accumulated in the body.) Repeat 10 times. Firmly patting the body - "Sudden stimulation of the nerves breaks the existing thought pattern of anxiety," says Kumar. "The firm sensation of touch [also] increases the blood flow and stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Open the palms and pat the head, shoulders, chest, belly, thighs and knees." You can also firmly rub the crown, chest and belly 10 times clockwise and 10 times counterclockwise. Clapping your hands, stamping your feet - A quick shift of emotional state can also occur from light pressure combined with an impactful sound. "Clapping and stamping stimulates acupuncture points in the palms and refocuses your attention. The body will be suddenly activated, and the sound and touch will break the cycle of thought or any strong emotional state," says Kumar. QUANTUM HEALTH TIP: Stress is the primary driver of dysfunction, especially when it is societal. Use our Clean Sweep Clearing Spray while doing these exercises to immediately neutralize chaotic, upsetting energies in the environment--including negative emotions. Works instantly and is great for pets, too. (Discount code PERX20 for 20% off). Health & Healing Hack of the Week singingVocalizing of any kind--talking, humming, cheering, yelling, singing, etc., is highly beneficial for a bunch of reasons, but I'd like to focus on singing. Singing adds the element of music, and the powers inherent of that form of art. Singing melodies (whether popular tunes or your own), creates a powerful coherence of vibrations in the body. The throat chakra is stimulated, and thus creates those types of energy flows throughout the body of harmony, balance, sensitivity, artfulness, self-expression, confidence, charisma, etc. Singing also stimulates the solar plexus, lower abdominal muscles, heart, lungs, and all the facial muscles. The more "full body" you can sing, the more the benefits. Spiritually speaking, when you sing you are expressing joy and well-being out to the world, and if it wasn't there before you began singing, it will be once you do. Because many of us have been ridiculed about our singing (as I certainly have), we believe we can't "do it right", or feel self-conscious and shy about singing out. Find somewhere private where you know you can't be heard, and use mindfulness to observe what areas of the body tighten up when you sing, then consciously relax those areas as you sing. You'll find after a while that singing becomes fun and a steady part of your daily life. -- From 25 No Cost Health & Healing Hacks by Boyd Martin) Quantum Healer of the Week Jimmy Mack Jimmy Mack picJimmy Mack is a renowned medical intuitive and spiritual life coach who has taken, completed and even mastered a variety of healing modalities. After a near death experience, he was divinely shown and then developed a simpler way to create healing and profound transformational changes now known as My Liquid Fish - Change Made Simple. He is the author of 9 books, over 20 energetic clearing and healing audio MP3's for self-improvement and hosts a weekly Blog Talk Radio show also available on iHeart Radio called, The Jimmy Mack Healing Show. He works worldwide clients in person, on the phone and over Skype accessing energetic powers and co-creating changes that they can actually feel. "I am dedicated to bringing peace, health and abundance to clients regardless of the challenges they face. I have experienced great success guiding clients through a variety of illnesses and life challenges regardless of the cause or duration." WEBSITE Company & Product News EMF TransformerThis great gadget from Energy Tools neutralizes the harmful component of man-made EMF, harmonizing the chaotic frequencies that disrupt the human nervous and immune systems. Dad will appreciate the advanced technology in this device, which comes with full documentation and laboratory research findings from quantum physicists. 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Interesting emblems of Slovak villages and towns Interesting emblems of Slovak villages and towns History of SlovakiaShow me Slovakia1. November 2017 Coats of arms are basically some symbols and signs, thanks to which towns and villages were able to differentiate themselves. They originated in the Middle Ages and gave the greatest impulse to them allegedly Crusades. Slovak municipalities and towns have colorful and diverse coats of arms. There are 2933 municipalities and 140 towns in the Slovak Republic. Some of them are now closer. Zľavy na pobyty na Slovensku Zľavy na pobyty na Slovensku Are you asking what connects Beckov with elephants? The answer is: nothing. By the 16th century the town had announced a coat of arms with a bull. The engraver does not want to fall in love and engraved the bull’s cow head on the new seal. Your mistakes can cause unexpected but expected cases where an animal with a trunk is formed to no elephant. Emblem of Beckov, Source: Žbince is a village whose symbol is elephants. Elephants in Slovakia live mainly in zoos and we consider them as exotic animals. However, as we can see very easily, they got into the symbols of our communities. Žbince, Source: Pixabay The heart pierced by the sword is a symbol of the Mother of God, who is a co-patron of Bijacovce. The village in the district Levoča has an interesting coat of arms and a cultural monument – late baroque mansion, which is worth visiting. Bijacovce, Source: Hostovice in the northeastern part of Slovakia. The village coat of arms depicts a table with a bottle and a cup, as if there was no need for village entertainment. But the truth is that it draws from the municipal seal. Once there was an important trade route and many people enjoyed refreshments here. Hostovice, Source: Pixabay Coat of arms Fiľakova acts as if it is a village near Malibu. It is true that palm trees have actually grown on the streets, but its depiction is related to the fact that in the past it was the Bebek family who had this tree in their personal coat of arms. Fiľakovo, Source: Pixabay The history of the coat-of-arms of Plešivec dates back to the time when the Bebeks already ruled in these areas. The double cross is characteristic of their family (like a palm tree) and the sword symbolizes the former focus of the locals on armaments and blacksmithing. It can also be the sword of St. George, the patron saint of Plešivec. Plešivec, Source: Pixabay Teplička nad Váhom Teplička nad Váhom, a village near Žilina, boasts a coat of arms with a naked virgin bathing in a barrel. Teplička nad Váhom, Source: Pixabay Crescent moon Crescent is part of many Slovak coats of arms. Our regions also experienced dark times, when the Ottoman Empire came to Central Europe. Today, for many, the crescent moon is a symbol of Islam. Of course, not all refer to the former presence of the Turks, but have other meanings. Moon, Source: Pixabay Moon, Source: Pixabay Leleš is a village located in the Eastern Lowland. We could definitely put her coat of arms into the group of the strangest ones we can find in Slovakia. Man seems to be looking at the failed Slovak state emblem. Leleš, Source: Pixabay Erb with german eagle A village with 3,000 inhabitants near Šala has an unusual symbolism similar to the German eagle. Selice, Source: Pixabay Unicorn on the coat of arms of the Slovak village Unicorn on the coat of arms of the Slovak village located in the Bytča district is proud of an unusual animal, unicorn. It is estimated to be related to a noble family of the past or, on the other hand, to represent purity and spotlessness. However, this is not a matter of uniqueness, and other Slovak municipalities have in their characters unicorns. Bytča, Source: Pixabay Naked golden-haired man in a coat of arms The coat of arms of the town of Piešťany is formed by a blue shield with a silver figure of a naked golden-haired man breaking a two-handed gold barrel on his left knee. The coat of arms symbolizes healing thanks to the water from Piešťany Spa. Zľavy na wellness pobyty Zľavy na wellness pobyty Piešťany, Source: Pixabay The heraldically correct coat of arms of the village of Krakovany should consist of the composition of the attributes of St. Nicholas and St. Gála, supplemented by hills, suggesting etymology of the name Krakovany. The symbol of three pouches should be placed in the so-called. the head of the shield, the bear is to grow up from behind heraldic triple. Krakovany, Source: Pixabay
If the galaxy is a golf ball, how far to the next galaxy? Mind you, a galaxy is an incredibly big object. Far beyond anything we can grasp intuitively. I sometimes use the following example: suppose the Sun is a large beach ball a little over 1 metre across. You’re looking at it all the way across the length of a large sports field around (90-100 metres). It’s still glowing so hot, its heat almost burns your face. Now hold up a small grape. That’s the Earth. Hold up a peppercorn about a foot from the grape. That’s the Moon. Jupiter would be a small orange one third of a mile away. And the next star? Well… the Earth is not large enough to put it anywhere. The farthest (antipodal) point on the Earth’s surface is 20,000 km from you, but the next star would have to be placed some 30,000 km away. As to how big the Milky Way is on this scale (remember, I reduced the Sun to a beach ball) with all the billions (!) of stars that it contains… it would stretch all the way from here to Jupiter (the real Jupiter, that is.) In other words, reducing the Milky Way to the size of a golf ball amounts to reducing the entire Solar System to below subatomic scales. And just for fun I've included what the planets in our solar system would look like if they were fruit. Thanks for asking Adam and keep spreading ARSE into the deep unknown. Back to blog Leave a comment
Why UpSocial Uses IPFS For File Storage? Why UpSocial Uses IPFS For File Storage? UpSocial is a truly decentralized social network. So, it means that can’t use traditional centralized servers that tech giants use. We use IPFS instead. Why? How will you scroll through the memes if Facebook decides to shut down its servers? How would you watch cat videos for hours if the Government blocked YouTube servers? These tech giants have multiple servers and backup of those servers. But in the end, it’s still under the control of these organizations. It’s feasible for tech giants to buy servers, but how will small businesses manage that? If your business is hosted on an AWS server and it crashes for some reason. Guess what? You can’t do anything. Here’s where IPFS comes into the picture. The technology is not futuristic, but it is being used presently. What is (Interplanetary File System) IPFS? Interplanetary File System is a decentralized version of storing files. The same file is stored in multiple users’ computers present in a P2P (peer-to-peer) network. Even if the file is deleted from one computer or some computer shuts down, the file will remain available in the network. Some other computer must be having a copy. That’s the simplest explanation. Even UpSocial Network uses the same technology! Any image, video, or file is recognized by its URL or IP address on the traditional web. That’s because it has a fixed location. Suppose you posted an image on Facebook. It has a unique URL so that you can share it anywhere. However, if you delete that image later, nobody would access that image even if some other Facebook user has a downloaded copy of your image. IPFS doesn’t work like this. It recognizes the file according to the content and not by its URL or location. In short, it made the file recognition system from location-based addressing to content-based addressing. Every file is associated with a hash. Since the files are associated with the hash, it becomes impossible to tamper with the original file. Hash adds a layer of security. How Do Interplanetary File System Store Files? A file is stored in an IPFS object. The IPFS object consists of 2 parts – links and data. Data is for storing your file, and a link is to connect other IPFS objects. Every IPFS object can store data up to 256 KB. But what if your data is more than that? It will simply split the data into multiple objects and link with each other. How Do IPFS Store Files? Image Source: happycryptoschool.org Since the file remains original with unique hash associates with it, IPFS allows versioning to make changes if you want to update a file on the network, versioning it the process. IPFS provides low latency that is decentralized and secure. It lets us come up with several compelling use cases. IPFS can use it to deliver content to websites, globally store files with automatic versioning & backups, facilitate secure file sharing and encrypted communication. So many advantages are the whole reason why we are using IPFS technology at UpSocial Network. To know more about the development and team’s ongoing work, we recommend joining our Telegram group. You are free to ask questions and resolve your doubts there.
Hunting With Your Dog Dogs are our friends, guardians, and, at one time, providers. Dogs and their owners hunted together 20,000 years ago, and some continue to do so today. Man no longer depends on wild game for survival, but hunting still has a place in the modern world. While agricultural improvements and the domestication of livestock lessened our dependence on hunting for survival, in its place, hunting for sport evolved. Even though hunting can be a controversial subject, there are many man-dog partnerships that participate in the sport in a respectful, responsible fashion that strengthens their bond. Types of Hunting and Hunting Dogs Hunting dogs are divided into a couple of categories: hounds and gun dogs. Hunters search for various types of game: those that run, those that fly, and those that hide. Hounds are used to pursue running game (rabbits, deer) and gun dogs are used to locate camouflaged hiding game (grouse, pheasant) or retrieve flying game (ducks). Hunting hounds bring the hunter to the prey. They have keen noses that detect the presence of game and track the scent. They also have loud voices to alert the hunter when they locate prey. A howl that travels well helps unite dog and hunter if they become separated in the field. A loyal hound will remain at the base of a tree patiently watching the squirrel or raccoon until the hunter catches up. "Hunting hounds bring the hunter to the prey. Running hounds bring the prey to the hunter." Running hounds bring the prey to the hunter. They flush out and pursue game in an effort to circle the prey around to the hunter. They strategically find and maneuver rabbit, deer, or wild boar, placing them within shooting distance of the hunter. Retrievers or gun dogs do not track, flush out, or maneuver prey. They sit by their owner’s side until flying game is brought down by the hunter. Then they spring into action, swimming in water or running over dry land to fetch the bird and return it to the hunter. Despite their differences, all hunting dogs must be well trained, physically fit, and have good endurance to perform well on a hunt. Sensitive noses are also helpful. Running hounds track the foot scent of running animals. Retrievers do not track like hounds, but they do use their noses to detect airborne scents that help them locate felled birds. Basic obedience skills, coupled with specific hunting skills, are key characteristics of a good hunting dog. Obedience training begins early with fundamentals such as sit, stay, and come. Pups are naturally curious and eager to learn. Exposure to other animals, people, and places with their new sights, sounds, and scents is a key priority when preparing puppies for hunting. Expansion of that education to tracking and retrieving requires even more time on the part of both the dog and the hunter. Training in the wild introduces young dogs to different terrains, water, trees, and weather conditions. They learn to run through bramble and briars, swim in warm and cold water, maneuver through tall grass, and tolerate sometimes stormy conditions. As their education progresses, they become ready for an actual hunt, where they do all these things while focused on their owners and the game. Tips for Hunters Hunting will be safer and more enjoyable if you keep a few things in mind. Enjoy puppyhood. Puppyhood is a fascinating time of life, so take time to enjoy it and forge a strong bond with your pup. It is critical that your pup learn to trust you as his best friend. It is also important for you to learn your pup’s personality and abilities. You will marvel as you watch his physical abilities improve, his stamina increase, and his capacity to focus develop. Expose your dog to the real world of animal life. Taking a walk around the block or in a neighborhood park will expose your dog to local wildlife. Birds, squirrels, rabbits and even other dogs will pique his interest in the world around him. If you do not have access to nearby outdoor arenas, join a hunting club to learn the best outdoor spots. Start with basic obedience training. Begin with universal commands, such as sit, stay, and come. Remember that a pup’s attention span is short, like a toddler, so keep training sessions short. Review the lessons regularly until they become part of your daily routine. Progress to specific training. Basic obedience lessons are followed by instruction in specific hunting skills. These lessons vary between gun dogs and scent hounds and will include tracking, retrieving, and pointing. Professional trainers are available if you need extra help. Get into shape. Hunting in the wild can be physically challenging, so get your dog into shape. As with all exercise, start out slowly and gradually increase intensity to improve stamina. Make sure your dog’s coat is healthy and his limbs are sound. Condition his foot pads by running on solid surfaces before hunting on rough terrain to prevent torn or bruised foot pads. Take care of basic healthcare. Make sure all of your dog's vaccinations are up to date. Ask your veterinarian if there are additional recommended vaccines your dog should receive based on you wanting to hunt with him; also let them know where you plan to go hunting, as some diseases are found in certain areas and not others. Since your dog will be exposed to parasites in the wild, keep him on year-round heartworm and intestinal parasite preventive. Also, administer medication for external parasites like fleas and ticks. Take safety measures. Never let your dog drink from a stream or pond. Carry bottled water or bring water from home to avoid intestinal upset. Carry a collapsible water bowl for convenience. Be prepared for emergencies by packing a first aid kit that includes hydrogen peroxide, antibiotic ointment, bandaging material (gauze, tape), and hemostats or pliers to remove thorns or stickers. Keep emergency contact info for a veterinary emergency clinic on hand. Although hunting is not for every person or every dog, those that choose this sport will accomplish more than providing game for a nice meal. Ideally, hunting dogs enjoy the outdoor activity and spending time with their owners. Related Articles
How to cite a essay Like an essay, a critique uses a formal, academic writing style and has a clear structure, that is, an introduction, body and conclusion. However, the body of a critique includes a summary of the work and a detailed evaluation. The purpose of an evaluation is to gauge the usefulness or impact of a work in a particular field. how to cite sources in an essay apa - clubmazdaquebec.com how to cite sources in an essay apa Si cela est votre première visite, n'oubliez pas de consulter la FAQ en cliquant sur le lien au dessus. Vous devez être inscrit avant de pouvoir crée un message: cliquer sur le lien au dessus pour vous inscrire. MLA Style, 8th Edition - Citing Sources (Citation Styles ... To solve this problem, this new edition of the MLA Handbook provides a "universal set of guidelines" for citing sources across all format types. These guidelines state that, if given, these major elements should be included in the citation: 1. Author. 2. Title of Source 3. Title of Container 4. Other Contributors 5. Version 6. Number 7 ... how to cite a website mla format This is a specific way to cite, following the Modern Language Associations guidelines. There are other styles, such as APA format and Chicago citation style, but MLA format is often used for literature, language, liberal arts, and other humanities subjects. How Do You Cite Lyrics? \| Reference.com How Do You Cite Lyrics? Home Hobbies & Games Playing Music MLA Style directs writers citing lyrics in a bibliography to include the author's name first, then the song title in quotations, the album in italics, the publisher, the year and the format. APA Essay Help with Style and APA College Essay Format APA essay format may sound tricky and troublesome to some, but is actually an easy way to organize a written work. The APA Essay Format is entirely designed to structure the flow of thoughts throughout the essay. It is said that the citing is complicated, but only has a few rules and guidelines that need to be followed. How to Cite in an Essay Properly? \| your-writers.net \| Blog How to Cite Sources in an Assignment If you are citing a book then italicize its name. On the other hand, if you are citing the name of a journal article then put the name within either single quotation marks or double quotation marks. APA style of referencing: This style also follows in-text citations and reference list at the end of the essay. However, it is followed exclusively ... PDF LEARNING RESOURCE CENTER - Boston Architectural College LEARNING RESOURCE CENTER Room 305, 320 Newbury Street, 617-585-0174, writingcenter@the-bac.edu Using and Citing Illustrations in Essays What images should I use? All images, photos, graphs, etc. that you use in your essays should be directly relevant to your argument. Don't just insert pretty pictures for the sake of it; select images that will: How to Write Guide: How to Cite Other Papers in Your Paper Citing sources - Using English for Academic Purposes How to Cite an Introduction, Foreward, Preface, Afterword Statement written before the beginning of a book - usually written by someone other than the author. An afterward is a conclusion statement written at the end of the book. Colleges Help: How to cite a title in an essay top writing service! how do i conduct research. How to cite a title in an essay - Ms. Surrealist activity during the long run we become possible for some of the british physicist ernest rutherford along with the company split. Review the relationship between uniform circular motion dimensions caused by our higher state of... How to Cite an Essay - When And How When citing an essay, you include information in two places: in the body of your paper and in the Works Cited that comes after it. How to write a quote in an essay \| Other important citing rules Learning how to put different quotes in academic assignments in an important skill that can help you earn better marks and achieve your educational success. There are some basic rules and useful guidelines that will make citing quotes in your essays a less tricky, complex, and confusing process. How To Cite A Short Story In An Essay Example For... \| Artscolumbia How to Cite a Book in APA Format Although students may use a variety of other types of resources when writing a research paper, books remain one of the most commonly cited types of resources in research papers. How to Put a Quote in an Essay - Explanation: Writing Guide ... How you will cite a quote depends largely on the citation method or style that you've been instructed to use. For example, under MLA (Modern Language Association) citation style, you will cite the full name of the writer and also the page number every time you include a quote in your essay. How to Quote Sources \| Introducing, Shortening and Citing a Quote
Fiber is today what electricity was at the turn of the twentieth century; the foundation for other innovations to draw from. Fiber optics were first installed in the late 1970’s and are still in use today. Fiber optics can today, replicate the entire wireless spectrum more than 1,000 times over and the total capacity is not yet known. Whether it’s 4G, 5G, 16G or any other technology, fiber is the infrastructure required for them all. Having this fiber infrastructure will help American Fork be prepared when those new technologies, like 5G, come. Additionally, the City doesn’t plan to install and walk away. The City will be maintaining and replacing lines and components as needed to keep the system top of the line and up to date. Show All Answers 1. What is LightHub Fiber? 2. What is this going to cost (me)? 3. What are the benefits? 4. Why is American Fork City considering this? 7. How does this system work? 10. Will the City make a profit? 12. Has the City vetted all options? 13. Who will be building the network? 14. Is it legal? 16. Has the model been tried elsewhere? 17. What are some examples of successful networks? 20. Will there ever be a fee increase? 22. What will I get for my utility fee? 23. What if I can’t afford this? 26. Do I really need a gigabit? 27. Can you really guarantee a gigabit of speed? 28. Don't we have sufficient bandwidth now? 31. Will this be on the upcoming ballot? 34. What will happen to AF Connect? 38. Can my HOA stop delivery to my home? 39. Where can I learn more?
• Bessern Community Why is so hard to break the 'Glass Ceiling' There is a popular Harvard Business Review article titled, ‘Women are Over-Mentored but Under-Sponsored’, which fairly outlines the structure of this sensitive topic. Women often think of themselves as courageous, fearless and bold, but what prevents these characteristics from becoming the reality? Why are they envisioned as inferior to men? Women make up half of the world’s population and a considerable number of them have started joining the workforce and enlarging their careers. They are proven to be extremely hardworking and mindful both in their workplaces and their homes and have always reached great heights. Apart from all these perks, what is that tiny barrier that stops them from reaching high? For years, men have overpowered women in various fields. In my case, coming from an Indian background this was not considered as a stereotypical statement but a bitter reality. However, this domination is not only confined to a single geographic location but is spread thought the world. Female leaders have touched great heights with their profound skills and capabilities. Top managers in workplaces who are growing women leaders show deliberately innovative skills. They are good in customer care and satisfaction, employee engagement as well as increasing their profitability and managing their finances. In a recent survey, women proved to be more strategic and practical in their leadership roles than men. However, there is still a thin line between the success levels of women and men. Women are often visualized as being emotional with a motherly nature. People believe they always take decisions with their heart and not with their minds and end up nurturing their employees instead of training them. Women are considered more suitable as a human resource department leader than the boss of a company. These are only a part of the stereotypical thoughts women have to deal with on an everyday basis. Women have for a long time faced difficulties climbing the corporate ladder. In recent times the number of women soaring highly in workplaces has increased. However, the presence of the glass ceiling can still be felt by most of them. The invisible ‘glass ceiling’ is a metaphor that is used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching higher levels in corporations. Whether it is in terms of senior-level positions or an increase in salaries and other incentives, the outcome is the same. Women are often restricted from climbing up the ladder even though they are truly capable of it. The ‘Glass Ceiling’ creates a crack for gender diversity to become common among the people. In a recent survey, women stated that the biggest obstacle in their workplaces is the mere fact that they are women. In fact, even if they reach heights around 45% of female CEOs are more likely than male CEOs to be dismissed from their own companies. Job isolation is also a growing concern for working women affecting their mental wellbeing. Women usually accelerate better in teams however safety is another important angle to be looked into: Workplace harassment is a problem in most countries. Women are intimidated and scared in their own offices. They often do not voice out this harassment in the fear that they might lose their job and hence an undue advantage is always taken. In recent times, however, several legislations to protect women in the workplaces such as the ‘Sexual Harassment Act of 2013’ have been initiated for their protection. The presence of corruption and ignorance just keeps growing and therefore many of these acts have not succeeded in their enforcement. Breaking Glass Ceiling is Difficult - Bessern Balancing work and family can also be a hectic task for women and that’s the major reason women forgo their jobs and decide to take care of the family. If the family is not supportive or they are extremely conservative then the process becomes harder. Financial support, limited connections and lack of flexibility just add up. I think both women and men should have roles mutually beneficial to each other. If the woman is both working and married her husband should also help in the household chores as she contributes to building the family income. This sort of understanding and support is very essential for women to thrive in life. Positively speaking this generation has seen a rise in women leaders. Women are a full package of talent, flexibility, teamwork progress and compassionate well-being support. They know how to bind their staff together while working towards the goal of their business. Women are not scared of taking risks and facing challenges. They see every day as a new opportunity to grow and expand. Whether it is Cindy Eggleton, CEO of Brilliant Detroit or Jessie Medina, Founder of FEMX Quarters, all of them follow a positive attitude and empowered attitude. Being a woman, I no longer feel the pressure of competing with men. Instead, I challenge myself to be better each day, to face the competition and to enjoy what I do. At the end of the day, it is not about who wins, it is about who grows from the win. Vipasha Balani Bessern Associate (a GenZ voice) We publish weekly videos in YouTube on self-development, learning and well-being
Not just standing there: the carbon utility of established forest by Rob MacKenzie Unlike, say, buildings, grown trees don’t ‘just stand there’. Even before we consider the communities supported by mature trees, we should recognise the active nature of the trees themselves. More like whirlpools than buildings, trees continually exchange energy and material with their surroundings throughout their lives. Trees use sunlight to create order out of the chaos of the air and earth; tempting a scientist to call them the ultimate entropy deniers. By appreciating that trees must continually run to stand still, that forests are complex plant-animal-microbe systems rather than simply a bunch of ‘carbon sticks’, we gain a much more complete understanding of how standing forests have a significant influence on the flows of carbon, water, nitrogen, and other nutrients through the Earth system. When we consider the global CO2 budget, it’s important to note the distinction between emissions, which are largely driven by socio-economics, and sinks, which have a very strong biological component. Only a bit less than half the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere stays there; the rest is taken up by the ocean surface and the terrestrial biosphere. The research consensus is that the land carbon sink is bigger than the ocean sink. Currently, the northern hemisphere is taking up billions of tonnes of carbon, and the most important landscape for this uptake is temperate forest. In the far North, the vast boreal forest may be taking up 0.5 billion tonnes of CO2 per year but, further south, temperate forest biome is taking up 0.8 billion tonnes, which is equivalent to all the emissions from the EU 27 nations plus the UK, or approximately the amount of CO2 released from deforestation globally. This is a huge number, worth almost £15 billion at today’s carbon trading price and much, much more in reality. The countries of the temperate zone — between the 30th and 50th parallels, very roughly, and encompassing the great majority of what is often called the Global North — are in an ideal position to lead in the adoption of practical measures to maintain and maximise the land carbon sink. Activities to maintain stocks of, and increase flows into, land carbon should recognise the three great forest biomes (tropical, temperate, boreal) and fit policy options to each. What we know The land carbon sink is important now; how it reacts in future is critical to our climate projections. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recognises the CO2 feedback on the land carbon sink as the most important feedback in the carbon cycle.[1] ‘Feedbacks’ are the accelerator and brake pedals of any complex system such as climate. Positive feedbacks accelerate change; negative feedbacks, like that of CO2 on the land carbon sink, resist change. The CO2 feedback on the land carbon sink is often called “CO2 fertilisation” and is currently providing a very significant, but far from total, brake on global warming. CO2 fertilisation cannot now, and never will, offset entirely historical fossil fuel use and save us from global warming — not for the UK, and not for the world. Nevertheless, a key question for our climate projections is whether CO2 fertilisation will continue to provide its current planetary free gift, whether it will provide an even larger brake on climate change as CO2 levels increase further, or whether it will begin to decrease in importance as factors other than the CO2 level begin to dominate forest responses. Currently our understanding of how temperate forest will respond to elevated CO2 is based largely on the first-generation forest Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments, for example, the experiment in Sweet Gum in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, or the experiment in Loblolly pine in North Carolina. All of these experiments were in young plantations growing in non-forest soils and so, for those parameters derived from FACE experiments, climate modellers are predicting the response of the world’s forests based on the responses of young plantations, despite the majority of broad-leafed temperate forests being greater than 50 years old. We know that, as forests age, competition between trees intensifies, and this is expected to result in mature trees exploring more and more of their soil resource to acquire nutrients until the soil and the forest are optimally interlocked. In this case, mature trees would not be able to use additional carbon fixed under elevated CO2 to promote greater amounts of nutrient uptake and therefore may not be able to sustain a growth response to elevated CO2. However, in absorbing carbon, perhaps mature trees, in the temperate forests and elsewhere, find more nutrients to take up, use nutrients more efficiently, or both? To answer this question, we require detailed experiments that link the carbon cycle to nutrient and water cycles in order to improve our climate models. Very few models have carbon coupled to nutrients, and those models are not challenged by data (because there have been no data). As it grows to maturity, standing forest is not undisturbed; forests continually experience disturbance from fire, flood, disease, storm, and harvest. The ‘natural’ disturbances are increasingly affected by human influence, including the human influence on climate. Strong intergovernmental approaches to climate mitigation can stabilise the random effects of fire, flood, and storm.[1] Strong regulatory measures can control the globalisation of invasive pests and pathogens. Moving harvest ‘closer to nature’ through carbon- and biodiversity-conscious management will ensure that standing forests continue to deliver environmental, social, and economic goods.[2] The latest research FACE facilities are the key to understanding ecosystem-level responses under future atmospheric compositions. Several small-scale facilities exist; a number of first-generation forest facilities operated at the turn of the Millennium. Only two large-scale forest FACE facilities operate currently[3], although plans for a third, in the Amazon, are well advanced. Forest FACE facilities are the largest climate-change experiments in the world (Figure 1); together, they represent a time-machine transporting the plants, animals and microbes of today’s forests into the atmosphere of the 2050s. International agreement to set up and run an Amazon FACE, closely linked to the existing FACE facilities, would send a very clear message from COP26 that world leaders appreciate the substantial evidence gap we are currently bridging very sketchily with models. MacKenzie figure 1 Figure 1. The Free-Air CO2 Enrichment facility of the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research: BIFoR FACE, one of the three largest climate-change experiments in the world. Three of the patches surrounded by the metal infrastructure receive elevated CO2 (150 ppm above an ambient level which is currently ~410 ppm). The other three, ‘control’, patches receive unaltered ambient air. Photo courtesy of Prof. Jo Bradwell. How do the forests respond in FACE? The Australian facility, EucFACE, sited in old-growth eucalyptus forest outside Sydney, have produced a budget for their ‘Mediterranean-type’ climate and environment. Carbon is taken up when extra CO2 is available, as expected, but seems not to be stored in this hot, dry, and phosphorus-poor environment. If there is substantial CO2 fertilisation in standing mature forests, as our models and satellite measurements say there must be, we need to look elsewhere. A tremendous amount has been learnt in producing a carbon budget for EucFACE. The first precious data to challenge the leading climate models have been produced. The core of a forest time machine is in place; now we need to add the other great forested landscapes of the Earth to our investigation. EucFACE has a sibling facility in cool, moist England: BIFoR FACE.[1] Although the quantitative details are yet to be peer-reviewed for BIFoR FACE, qualitatively the picture is becoming clear (Figure 2). Firstly, the forest under elevated CO2 draws more carbon into the trees (i.e. photosynthesis is increased[2]); wood production is increased; production of leaves and fine roots[3] is increased; and secretions into the soil by the roots are increased. Ecologists say that the Gross Primary Production (GPP) of the forest is increased. This increased living plant mass stimulates microbial life, especially below ground, so that the respiration of CO2 — an inevitable by-product of all life — also increases. Unless significant amounts of old soil carbon are being accessed and used up in this increased respiration (an unlikely but not impossible scenario), the carbon balance overall is that the mature forest in BIFoR FACE is drawing carbon out of the atmosphere and so helping to lessen global warming. However, until detailed budgets are produced and until the experiments have been allowed to progress for a decade or even beyond, we will not be sure the degree to which this carbon uptake by mature forests is persistent. MacKenzie figure 2 Figure 2. Qualitative assessment of the effects of elevated CO2 on forest at BIFoR FACE for the carbon cycle (green), water cycle (blue), nitrogen cycle (red). Arrows show the direction of extra flow under elevated CO2 conditions. ‘Plus’ signs indicate an increase under elevated CO2. The inset image shows leaf mines, which are decreased under elevated CO2 for the larvae of some species. Image from, adapted by Nine Douwes Dekker and Rob MacKenzie. TThe forest FACE results make clear that the land carbon sink is not straightforward and is emphatically not just a story about carbon. Our early results[1] from BIFoR FACE show that the essential nutrient, nitrate, is less available under elevated CO2, because the plants and soil microbes are taking up more nitrogen to balance the increased carbon that is now in their diet. A very simple analogy to this requirement for balanced uptake of nitrogen and carbon in forests is the need to balance carbohydrate (mostly carbon) and protein (high in nitrogen) in our own diets if we are to stay healthy. If we — and our partners working at EucFACE and the putative AmazonFACE — find that mature trees cannot take up more nutrients under elevated CO2 then it would mean that these biomes may have much less potential to take up carbon in the future than we are currently relying on, which would have massive consequences for the fight against climate change. The potential for carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems in the future would, in this case, have been severely overestimated. According to one study, accounting for nutrient availability limitations added 15–150 ppm to atmospheric CO2 concentration or, equivalently, 0.14–0.6oC to the global mean surface temperature change at 2100. If future carbon uptake by mature temperate forests were confirmed to be limited by nutrient availability, the forest-based CO2 removal techniques relied on in the IPCC’s “1.5 degrees” document would be called into question. Much deeper cuts in allowable emissions of CO2 (equivalent to 8-33 years of emissions at current rates) would be required to achieve the target agreed at UN COP219, with profound policy and societal implications. We need to know what future we are facing, and forest FACE facilities (punning name, perhaps, intended) are the only way to probe this future experimentally. The climate crisis is not the only global environmental challenge: a mass extinction is in progress for not-unconnected reasons. The world’s standing forests are immensely species-rich, particularly when left close to their primeval condition or restored to provide multiple ecosystem services resiliently. Whether storing more carbon or not, accelerated cycling of carbon and nutrients through the forest has profound implications for forest food webs and, hence, biodiversity. Increasing GPP in a forest is like increasing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in a country: things are bound to change. In BIFoR FACE, for instance, some leaf-mining grubs seem to do less under elevated CO2. These grubs are moth larvae that feed on the trees’ photosynthetic apparatus, the leaf, and are themselves parasitized by wasps. Other work in BIFoR FACE will investigate the implications of the changed nutritional quality of leaf litter on the forest floor food web and the impact of elevated CO2 on decomposition of deadwood by fungi and invertebrates. By recognising fully the carbon utility of standing forest, the international community will also provide essential knowledge to help prevent a biodiversity catastrophe. So, nature-based solutions to climate change are not all about tree planting. Afforestation can never solve our problems with carbon and climate, even if we reinstated every terrestrial landscape to its most-treed extent. Working with nature strongly implies protection of, and care for, our standing forest, moving beyond the existing recognition of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries to value all mature forest. In absorbing carbon, do mature trees in old-growth forests take up more nutrients, use nutrients more efficiently, or both? The answer to this question will unlock the CO2 fertilisation conundrum and make our climate projections much more robust. Whatever the answer, let’s protect, expand, and manage our forests for their true value, not because we wish they would do the hard work of emissions reduction for us. [1] Ciais et al 2013. In: Climate Change 2013. The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge Univ Press. (Fig 6.22). [2] The IPCC “1.5 degrees” report: [3] For more information see and [4] Norby, R. J., et al., Model-data synthesis for the next generation of forest FACE experiments, New Phytologist, 2015, DOI: 10.1111/nph.13593. Note that SwedFACE, the boreal forest FACE mentioned in this paper, is not yet underway. [5] Hart, K. M., et al. Characteristics of free air carbon dioxide enrichment of a northern temperate mature forest. Glob Change Biol. 2020; 26: 1023– 1037. [6] Gardner A, et al., Is photosynthetic enhancement sustained through three years of elevated CO2 exposure in 175-year old Quercus robur? BioRxiv preprint 2020: [7] Ziegler, C., et al., Quantifying carbon fertilisation of root biomass production from elevated CO2 in mature temperate deciduous forest. BioRxiv preprint 2021: [8] See my recent overview talk: and a short radio interview:
Dense Breasts? Get Smart About Cancer Screening My daughter and I right after I was diagnosed in August 2013. As a healthcare professional specializing in cancer, I was always good about staying on top of my regular mammograms. April 2013 was no different. I went in for my mammogram screening and left with a clean bill of health. Just four months later, in August, I was diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer. For decades, the mammogram – or an x-ray of the breast – has been accepted as the gold standard for breast cancer screening. The CDC currently recommends that women between the ages of 50 - 74 years old with average breast cancer risk get a mammogram every two years. So, how could a mammogram have missed cancer that was waiting just below the surface? Why a Mammogram Might Not Be Enough While the mammogram is a proven screening tool that is often able to detect cancer years before it can be felt, it is not enough for some women – specifically, those with dense breasts. Breasts are comprised of lobules – or glandular tissue – which produce milk, and ducts, which transport the milk from the lobules to the nipple. The lobules and ducts are held into place and shaped by fibrous tissue and fat. Simply, dense breasts have a higher proportion of fibrous or glandular tissue and a lower proportion of fat than average. There are four commonly accepted degrees of denseness: 1. Fatty (considered the average) 2. Scattered or moderately dense 3. Heterogeneously or mostly dense 4. Extremely dense About 50% of all women have at least moderately dense breasts, with 10% of these women falling into the extremely dense category. How Do I Know If I Have Dense Breasts? Given the significant percentage of women with dense breasts, there has been a surprising lack of public awareness or education around this topic, even amidst the growing prominence of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Many women, like myself, don’t realize they have dense breasts until something goes wrong. This is in part because there’s no observable way to tell if you have dense breasts. Breast shape, size, or firmness have no correlation to the amount of fibrous or glandular tissue. The only way to determine if you have dense breasts is through mammogram screening. That’s why getting regular mammogram screenings, even if you have extremely dense breasts, is essential to your wellness. It’s just not the end-all-be-all of cancer screening; on average, mammograms alone fail to detect the presence of cancer in about 40% of cases involving women with dense breasts. Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations Dense-breasted women are considered at moderate risk for breast cancer. Women with extremely dense breasts are about 2x more likely to develop cancer than those with fatty breasts, while those with mostly dense breasts are at 1.2x greater risk. Like women with average amounts of fatty tissue, those with dense breasts should start with a mammogram and have their doctor determine the level of density to understand risk factor and implement the best prevention strategy moving forward. The good news is that most states now have laws that require doctors to disclose breast density on mammogram results to help raise awareness and provide women with the most effective screening for their body types. Georgia has one such law: Margie’s Law. If you are one of the many women with dense breasts, you and your doctor will work together to determine the best screening options and schedule. Regular MRI screening has been determined to be a cost-effective and highly successful way to detect cancer early. When it comes to having dense breasts, just like any other risk factor, awareness is key. After I was diagnosed with breast cancer, my surgeon told me she could see signs of my cancer developing over the previous four years of mammograms. If I had known I had dense breasts, my doctors and I might have looked at my results differently and been able to spot my cancer before it got to stage IV. I’m grateful I’m here to tell my story and raise awareness among other women about how to protect themselves. By understanding your body, you can make informed choices that will give you the best chance of catching cancer early and treating it quickly. And if you need any extra support determining the best screening or treatment options, a patient advocate is always available to walk alongside you every step of the way. 194 views0 comments
By Daniel G. Amen, M.D. Trying something new—whether you’re navigating a foreign city or a new dance step—can refresh your mood and enhance your brain. And it’s easy to do everyday. The Art of Exploring: Explorers are on a constant search for new knowledge. They’re fascinated by the world around them, they are engaged in their everyday lives, and always want to know more. Why It’s Good For You: Exciting new research suggests that new learning and doing the same old thing in a different way can help your brain stay healthy and young. Boring is not only, well, boring, it is also potentially harmful to the long term well-being of your brain. In several new scientific studies, people who do not engage in regular learning activities throughout their lives have a higher incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Keeping Your Brain Young: The brain is like a muscle. The more you use it, the more you can continue to use it. New learning makes new connections in the brain, making you sharper and efficient; while no learning actually causes the brain to disconnect itself. Unlike a muscle, however, the brain gets easily bored and requires new and different challenges to stay healthy. Once the brain really learns something, such as the way to work or how to navigate the streets of Venice, it uses less and less energy to accomplish the task. To keep the brain active it needs a constant stream of new challenges. Try Something New: New adventures, new sites, and new skills encourage brain health. By working to keep your brain young, every thing else in your life will feel better as well, including your mood, memory, flexibility, social skills, and judgment. Here are three fantastic ways to do it. 1. Foreign Immersion Going on a cooking vacation to Italy, unless you have done it several times before, is a perfect way to keep your brain young. Travel to new lands, especially ones filled with fascinating history and sites, keeps the brain learning and working at optimal efficiency. In addition, going to different cultures often involve a new language, which really pushes the linguistic and memory centers of the brain. If you also add another skill, such as cooking, as long as you do not drink too much wine, there is even a greater benefit. Likewise, consider traveling to a new city nearby, watching a foreign film, going to an international restaurant, or listening to new music also exposes the brain to new experiences. New learning enhances cells in the hippocampus, a part of the emotional and memory center of the brain. 2. New Paths A simpler, cheaper exercise closer to home is to start taking new and different ways to and from work each day. Going the same old way each time puts the brain on automatic pilot, which does nothing positive for it. Look for ways to vary your commute or drive. For example, rather than only taking the highway, take some side streets from time to time to see new neighborhoods. New navigation routes enhance the brain’s parietal lobes, which are involved in direction sense. Driving the scenic route home may help to decrease your stress level, which will have a global positive effect on the brain. 3. Move It Exploring new exercises are perhaps one of the most powerful ways to keep the brain young. My favorite exercise for the brain is dancing. Exercise, by itself, boosts blood flow to the brain and helps keep it young. When you add in a coordination exercise to music, such as learning a new dance step, it boosts the cerebellum and temporal lobes, which are two of the major processing and learning centers in the brain. It gives the brain an extra boost. But go light on the wine spritzers — drinking ruins the positive effect. Daniel G. Amen, M.D. is the medical director of the Amen Clinics in Newport Beach and San Francisco, CA, Bellevue, WA and Reston, VA. He is also the author of Change Your Brain, Change Your Body and the new book coming next year called Use Your Brain to Change Your Age. Learn more at www.TheAmenSolution.com.
Proud to support Ukrainians Find out how we're helping Alien ‘DOMES’ found on the moon is proof ET is controlling lunar satellite - shock claim AN alien structure has supposedly been found on the moon and conspiracy theorists believe it is evidence that extraterrestrials have colonised our lunar satellite. Comment section Share on LinkedIn Share on Pinterest Copy link Link copied UFO: Man discovers unusual shape flying past the moon An alien hunter believes he found dome-like structures on the moon’s surface when looking through old satellite images from the mid Nineties. The structures, which were spotted on NASA’s Clementine Map, were supposedly made by a species of aliens called ‘Greys’, which are supposedly a race of super-intelligent extraterrestrials which like the dark. This is the reason they built the dome-like structures, so they can live underground in the dark. Prominent alien hunter Scott C Waring made the claims, saying he spotted several of the structures on the moon when browsing through the NASA maps. However, Mr Waring goes on to explain the structures are not visible in today’s maps, as photo-editing software was not widely available more than 20 years ago. He wrote on his blog UFO Sightings Daily: “I found many alien structures on the moon today in a NASA Clementine map. This map was made back in 1994 and it was a time before editing software was available. “From a distance, it looks like just a another crater, but close up, its absolutely a dark shiny semi transparent material made to let only a fraction of the light inside. moon nasa Alien ‘DOMES’ found on the moon is proof ET is controlling lunar satellite - shock claim (Image: NASA) The domes were supposedly seen over the moon (Image: NASA) “There is an alien species who like the darkness so much they genetically changed themselves to have sunglasses second eyelids cover their eyes at will. The greys. “They clearly created this dome city. Of course other newer photos will not show this, because they it was edited out already. But here its obvious what we see. “I think if the greys have control of our moon, it should be easy to convince them to donate one of their dome structures to humanity if we offer something valuable to them.” 'Slow moving UFO' captured circling around the moon A 'grey alien' with darkened eyes (Image: GETTY) However, sceptics and NASA would say the object and other similar findings are just the effects of pareidolia – a psychological phenomenon when the brain tricks the eyes into seeing familiar objects or shapes in patterns or textures such as a rock surface. This would mean that the moon’s ‘domes' are likely just rocks reflecting the light from the sun, which appears as glass to our eyes.
ES Logo Inner Page Hero Types of Eye Injections More about Retina Injections are given to the eyes to treat certain eye conditions. These could be severe eye infections known as endophthalmitis. They could even be eye diseases related to diabetes. More on that later. Let us first understand the different types of drugs in these injections. Types of Injections in the eyes There are three types of injections Anti VEGF Injections Following are the brand names of the common Anti-Vegf agents 1. Eylea 2. Accentrix 3. Avastin VEGF stands for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. This chemical comes from many cells in the body and is used for certain critical bodily functions. Certain retinal conditions promote the growth of new blood vessels, which grow because of VEGF and are leaky. They cause swelling and bleeding in the retina, affecting vision. Swelling and fluid collection in the retina is macular oedema. The macula is the central part of the retina and is the most crucial part of the eye. Macular oedema occurs in Diabetic Retinopathy. Retinal Vein Occlusions and ARMD also affect the retina. ARMD is age-related macular degeneration. It is also referred to as AMD. Now, Anti VEGF drugs act against this Vegf. They are anti-vascular endothelial growth. By giving anti-VEGF injections into the eye, the VEGF level comes down, reducing the formation of these abnormal blood vessels. The leakage from these blood vessels comes down, and the swelling decreases. The vision thus improves. AntiVegf injections were FDA approved for use in the eye in 2004. Since then, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has been the primary treatment for these retinal conditions. They cause fewer problems than their counterpart, steroid injections. Steroid Injections in the eye At one time, Steroid injections were the most common eye injections before the anti-VEGF eye injections. The two Steroids injections commonly used these days are : • Triamcinolone This steroid injection improves eye health in diabetic maculopathy. It is also used in CME (cystoid macular oedema) after cataract surgery and in certain inflammatory eye diseases. Ozurdex is an injection in the eye. But it is a steroid implant that stays in the eye for four months. This eye injection releases the drug for prolonged periods. Ozurdex is used in Diabetic retinopathy and Retinal Vein Occlusions. It has no role in ARMD. Read more detailed information about Ozurdex. Side effects of Steroid Injections Steroid Injections into the eye have two side effects. The first is they tend to cause a rise in eye pressure. This is known as Glaucoma. The second is they tend to hasten cataract formation. That is why after giving these injections, intraocular pressures are regularly monitored. It is for these reasons that doctors prefer anti-VEGF drugs more than steroids. Eye Doctors use steroid injections when there is some inflammation. Steroids are also used when anti-VEGF injections don't have the desired result. Benefits of Ozurdex Injection Compared to triamcinolone, Ozurdex injections in the eye have an added advantage. They have a longer duration of action. Ozurdex have more prolonged action than even anti-VEGF treatment. What are the uses of AntiVegf Injections? Following are the conditions. 1. AMD treatment 2. DME – Diabetic Macular oedema 3. Retinal Vein Occlusions The common anti-VEGF drugs are 1. Avastin – Bevacizumab 2. Accentrix – Ranibizumab 3. Eylea – Apflibercept Patients with wet macular degeneration or wet AMD have a high chance of losing vision. These patients develop what is known as CNVM. CNVM is a choroidal neovascular membrane. Suppose treated with anti-VEGF drugs, these chances reduced. Patients regularly treated with Eylea, Accentrix, or Avastin injections maintain vision in the long term. These medications stop the leakage and bleeding linked with abnormal blood vessels. Leakage brings a primary cause of wet macular degeneration. And so, patients regularly treated with these drugs have better visual outcomes. How AntiVegfs help in Diabetic Macular Edema? Before AntiVegfs, Laser photocoagulation was the mainstay of treatment for DME. Yet, these injections are safe and effective options for treating DME. They are the first choice for oedema that involves the centre of the macula. They reduce oedema and improve vision. Anti VEGF drugs also decrease the need for Laser treatment of the Macula. How are these injections given? These anti-VEGF treatments take place in the operation theatre. The injection in the eye consists of 0.1ml of the anti-VEGF drug. The patient lies down on the OT table. After cleaning the area around the eye with betadine, a drape covers the patient's head and face. A plastic sheet then covers the patient's eyes. A wire speculum opens the eye up. You look straight into the light on the ceiling. A measuring instrument called a calliper measures three millimetres from the limbus. The limbus is the outer edge of the cornea. These drugs are injected into the vitreous cavity, the back part of the eye, located behind the lens. It is known as the vitreous cavity as it contains the vitreous gel. After this, your eye doctor gives the injection 3mm from the edge of the limbus. A 30g needle is what penetrates the eye. Your eye doctor checks your eye pressure after giving the injection. Your ophthalmologist may feel that the eye pressure is high. If high, he then uses a 30 gauge or 26 gauge needle. He punctures the cornea to draw out some fluid from the front part of the eye. This reduces eye pressure. What happens after I receive these injections in the eyes? After the injection, usually, the patient meets the eye doctor. The eye doctor explains how to put in certain eye drops. These drops are antibiotics and prevent any eye infection. You can leave shortly after. Because you have an eye patch, we recommend having someone with you. After the injection, you may feel gritty, which subsides in a few hours. Sometimes there is a tiny bleed at the injection site, which leads to the eye becoming red. This redness may take up to a week to disappear. What will happen to my vision after the injection? Your vision will be slightly blurry. So we recommend that you don’t go to work after your injection. Some people may notice a small bubble in their vision due to the small amount of air present in the syringe. This air bubble disappears over the next few days as the air gets absorbed. These anti-VEGF treatments take about two weeks to start acting. And for you to notice a visual difference. Sometimes, we see a response in as early as a few days. How will I know that my retinal swelling has subsided? You most likely had undergone an OCT eye test before the injection. About two weeks after the injection, this test is repeated. OCT machines can scan the retina at the same spot as the previous scan. Thus, looking at these scans, one can see the difference in the retinal swelling. Common symptoms after eye injection? 1. Blurry vision 2. Tearing 3. Mild floaters or bubbles in your vision 4. Mild to moderate pain or irritation 5. “Eyelash in the eye” sensation 6. Redness at the injection site 7. Bloody tears for 1-2 days after treatment 8. Runny nose For how long do I need to take these injections in the eyes? Duration of treatment depends on the disease. When treating wet AMD, therapy may go on for 3-5 months. Monthly injections go on for many months. If one stops treatment, there is a chance of recurrence. The swelling in the retina or bleeding in the retina may recur. And this could reduce vision all over again. Researchers are investigating medications that last longer in the eye, which would reduce the burden of treatment in the future. If you would like to read in detail about anti-VEGF agents, please click below. 1. Accentrix (Ranibizumab) 2. Eylea (Aflibercept) 3. Ozurdex (Dexamethasone implant) 4. Avastin (Bevacizumab) What is the potential complication of eye injections? Intravitreal injections are usually safe procedures. Yet, as with all procedures, there are some risks. Severe complications are rare and include: 1. Infection 2. Retinal detachment 3. Cataract It is rare to lose vision because of an intravitreal injection. Rarely, you may develop severe pain, redness, or blurred vision. We then recommend that you call your nearest hospital. Frequently Asked Questions ? What medicine is used in intravitreal injections? Ranibizumab (Accentrix): used for wet macular degeneration Antibiotics: used in severe infections of the eye. Ozurdex – (Sustained release steroids )Used for severe cases of macular edema. How often do I need treatment? Eye injections are required every four weeks for patients with wet macular degeneration until the macular degeneration is brought under control. Then, the treatment interval may be slowly increased. Usually, patients are maintained on treatment every 8-12 weeks. Occasionally patients with particularly aggressive disease, or if they are being treated in their only good eye, will need treatment more frequently. Will I feel the injection into the eye ? Can I take the injection if I am on Blood thinners ? How much time do these eye injections take ? The process of actually giving the injection takes less than a minute. But as you will be required to change into clean clothes, and the eye will be draped with a sterile cloth, the entire process will take about 10-15 minutes. Request a Call Back Book an appointment Ebook for screen timeGET THE EBOOK NOW Book an appointment If you have any queries please contact us Share your experience
What’s the problem with electrical and electronic waste? Electrical and electronic waste is made up of a complex mix of different materials and components, some of which are toxic and/or hazardous. Before the WEEE regulations, over 90% of electrical and electronic waste was sent to landfill, incinerated or recovered without treatment, releasing many pollutants into the environment. WEEE is currently the fastest growing waste stream What is the WEEE directives objective? The Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) aims to prevent the generation of electrical and electronic waste and to promote reuse,recycling and other forms of recovery in order to reduce the quality of such waste from land fill or incineration. It therefore requires the collection of WEEE, through recovery, reuse and recycling. Where possible, priority should be given to the reuse of the whole appliance Do the WEEE regulations apply to my business? The WEEE regulations apply to your business if you manufacture, sell or need to dispose of electrical equipment What are the UK WEEE categories? UK WEEE regulations apply to the following categories, the list is not extensive and basically if an item has a plug or a plugin adapter or runs on batteries it will almost certainly fall into one of the following categories. You don’t have to worry about which category your items fall into, Green Resource Recycling (GRR) Ltd assume full responsibility for your waste from the collection onwards 1. Large household appliances (e.g. white good less cooling equipment) 2. Small household appliances (e.g. vacuums, irons, toasters, etc) 3. IT and Telecoms Equipment (e.g. computers, printers, calculators, phones, answer machines, etc. But not displays) 4. Consumer equipment (e.g. radios, hi-fi equipment, electronic musical instruments, etc. But not televisions) 5. Lighting Equipment (Not household lighting) 6. Electrical and electronic tools (e.g. drills, saws, sewing machines, etc. excluding large stationary industrial tools) 7. Toys, leisure and sports equipment (e.g. train sets, video games, coin slot machines, etc) 8. Medical devices (e.g. dialysis machines, ventilators, etc) Note: this category is not covered by the RoHS Directive at present – see below) 9. Monitoring and control instruments (e.g. smoke detectors, thermostats, etc) 10. Automatic dispensers (e.g. ATM’s, vending machines, etc) 11. Display equipment (e.g. Computer monitors, TV’s including LED, LCD, OLED, CRT and Plasma) 12. Cooling equipment (e.g. refrigeration equipment) 13. Gas discharge lamps
Data Science Hochschulzertifikat Web Data Integration Data Science Data Analytics, Vertiefungsstudium, Internet Prof. Dr. Christian Bizer 1005 € 6 Wochen Mannheim (ggf. Online) 1. Termin: 14.03.2022 - 24.04.2022 2. Termin: 13.03.2023 - 30.04.2023 The course Web Data Integration covers advanced techniques for integrating data from multiple sources in the context of the World Wide Web as well as within enterprise settings. The course covers the following topics and enables students to reach the following learning goals: • Introduction to Web Data Integration: The course starts with a general overview of the topic of data integration which covers common data integration scenarios, the different types of heterogeneity that need to be bridged in data integration, the general data integration process, as well as the principled architectures of data integration systems. Students will understand the challenges of data integration and are able to put these challenges into context. • Types of Structured Data on the Web: Beside of free-text, the Web contains a lot of structured data. Examples of websites that provide structured data include data catalogs, which offer data dumps in various formats for download; as well as Web APIs, which allow specific, restricted queries to be asked against Web data sources. A lot of structured data is also found in HTML documents: Beside of HTML tables which might contain structured data, more and more websites have started to use markup languages such as Microdata and RDFa to annotate structured data like addresses, product descriptions, or reviews in their pages. In addition, various data providers in government, publishing and libraries, as well as research use Linked Data technologies to publish structured data on the Web and set data links between data sources in order to ease integration. Students will have an understanding of the different types of structured data that are available on the Web and know which techniques are commonly used to publish data for a specific application or topical domain. • Data Exchange Formats: Whenever systems communicate over the Web, they transfer data using data exchange formats. Commonly used data exchange formats include XML, CSV, JSON, and RDF. This topic covers the principle structure and syntax of these formats as well as their benefits and drawbacks. You will gain the ability to load and/or query data that is represented using these formats from within applications that you develop. • Schema Mapping and Data Translation: Different data sources use different schemata to represent data. The goal of schema mapping is to align heterogeneous schemata. This alignment is achieved either by mapping a set of source schemata to a given target schema, for example in the case of integrating new data sources into an existing system, or by creating a new target schema which is capable to present all data from a given set of data sources. Such mappings consist of correspondences between elements in the source and target schema. The correspondences are used afterward to translate data that is represented using a source schema into the target schema. Students will be enabled to distinguish different schema mapping scenarios. It teaches them how to define correspondences between schemata and gives an overview of schema matching techniques for automating the process of finding correspondences between schemata. • Identity Resolution: The same real-world entity, e.g. a person, a product, or a geographic location, is often described by multiple data sources. The goal of identity resolution is to determine all records in all data sources that describe the same real-world entity. Students will learn how to apply domain-specific similarity measures in order to find records in different data sources that describe the same entity. They will also learn to apply blocking techniques in order to deal with the quadratic complexity of the record matching task. • Data Quality and Data Fusion: The last step in the data integration process, after schema-level and instance-level correspondences have been found, is to combine data from different sources in order to generate an integrated data set. This step is called data fusion and tries to achieve two goals in parallel: 1. The created data set should be as complete as possible, meaning that all attributes of the target schema should be filled with values for all entities. 2. The quality of data values in the created data set should fulfill the user’s needs, meaning in most cases that the data should reflect the real-world as closely as possible. Students will develop an understanding of the different dimensions of data quality as well as their relevancy in different application contexts; they will learn how to assess data quality; and they will learn how to resolve conflicts between data from different sources by applying data fusion methods. Lernergebnisse, Kompetenzen Students will be able select and apply appropriate techniques for integrating and cleansing enterprise as well as Web data. Participants will acquire knowledge of the data integration process as well as the techniques that are used in each phase of the process. Students learn to apply data integration techniques in business scenarios. Students learn to work as a team in ordert o suceed in a data integration project (case study). Die Studierenden erarbeiten sich den Inhalt selbständig anhand von Studienbriefen. Klausur (60 Minuten) + Projektarbeit Anmeldung zu den berufsbegleitenden Zertifikatsprogrammen Melden Sie sich jetzt an! Melden Sie sich jetzt zu einem Einzel- oder Gesamtzertifikat unserer Zertifikatsprogramme an. Damit wir sicherstellen können, dass Sie Ihre Zugangsdaten auch rechtzeitig erhalten, muss die Anmeldung spätestens zwei Wochen vor Beginn des (ersten) Moduls erfolgen. Hinweis: Die Teilnehmerzahl ist im Interesse der Teilnehmer begrenzt, so dass wir eine frühzeitige, verbindliche Anmeldung empfehlen. Sollten Sie noch Fragen haben, können Sie gerne jederzeit Kontakt mit uns aufnehmen. Jetzt anmelden Jetzt anmelden
February 19, 2017 Hurling can claim to be the oldest of Irish sports. Like many early games, it was often played with murderous enthusiasm, prompting a medieval statute decreeing that 'the commons of the land of Ireland.... use not henceforth the games which are called hurling, with great clubs and ball upon the ground, from which great evils and maims have arisen'. The statute was evidently ignored, and hurling was still being played in front of large crowds - and occasionally degenerating into a riot - in the 18th century. Hurling is a hockey-like game, now played fifteen-a-side with a very broad, curved stick and a small, hard leather ball. The skills involved were admired by a curious visitor, a 17th-century London bookseller named Dunton, who described how 'you may sometimes see one of the gamesters carry the ball tossing it for 40 or 50 yards in spite of all the adverse players; and when he is likely to lose it, he generally gives it a great stroke to drive it towards the goal'. After falling out of favour during the 19th century, hurling was one of the sports to be revived by the Gaelic Athletic Association. This not harmful-sounding organization, founded at Thurles in 1884, was one of the main agents of an intense cultural nationalism that aimed to revive the Gaelic language and 'native' traditions. The GAA was remarkably successful, building up a network of local clubs, and it is even now a power in sporting Ireland. As well as hurling and camogie (a women's version of the game), the GAA promoted handball and Gaelic football. Like other forms of the game, Gaelic football seems to have originated as a mass free-for-all; and although its rules have been refined over the years, and the number of players on each side reduced to 15, it has remained a singularly robust form of the contest, combining elements of rugby and association football to create a tough, fast-moving sight. Although not exclusively Irish, horse-racing can only be described as a traditional national sport. The Irish passion for horses is centuries old: the Curragh, still Ireland's most famous course, was already popular for stabling and racing in the 17th century. The GAA's hostility to 'foreign' (code for British) sports persisted well into the 20th century, but fears that their introduction might undermine Gaelic sports has proved unfounded. Among others, association football, rugby, cycling, golf, boxing and greyhound racing have attracted large followings, and there is a large-scale public participation in a variety of sports and pastimes. Both the Irish and their visitors tend to be passionate golfers and the abundance of rivers, lakes and suitable coastlines has made Ireland ideal for inland and sea-fishing. And of course, in admired figures such as George Best, Stephen Roche and Barry McGuigan, Ireland has produced at least her share of world-famous sports personalities. Leave a comment Comments will be approved before showing up.
There are several ways in which peers influence each other. Therefore, an in-school adolescent should avoid negative pressure such loitering along the street during school hours holding parties at the expense of their study, skipping school and drug abuse. Children in this age range are most likely to meet peers in their extended family, play groups, childcare, preschool or early elementary school 1 2. (Arief, 2011). Get Full Work (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle \|\| []).push({}); Disclaimer: Using this Service/Resources: You are allowed to use the original model papers you will receive in the following ways: 1. 78% have 2 credits and above, while 217,161 candidates, representing 70. To the teacher-the teacher will equally benefits from the finding of the study because the finding will help them know what is expected of them as they are role model. The following research question will guide the study. Undoubtedly, experts agree that peer groups have an influence on academic performance. Jones, (2010) defined peer pressure as the ability of people from the same social rank or age to influence another of same age, bracket peer pressure is usually associated with teens although its influence is not confined to teenagers alone. The WAEC result analysis for the years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 revealed the following statistics of the performance of Nigerian student in secondary schools in public examination. It may affect people in different ways but here, the focus is on peer pressure as it influences academic performance of in-school adolescents. The study will be restricted to SS2 students, both male and female senior secondary school students. In completing the task on schedule, a student will also enhance his academic performance. Be it a mentor, or someone in the family, a role model can make a big difference. Teens who have parents who are involved in their lives and generally know what’s going on at school are more likely to attend four-year colleges. However, by 8th grade only 23% agreed with that statement–regardless of ethnicity. in Umuahia Education Zone, Abia state in particular. Peer Group Influence And Academic Performance Of Students. Positive Role Models Positive adult role models help solidify a student’s path on the road to academic achievement. The theory is that by 18, a young man or woman is more autonomous and has clear aspirations of where he or she wants to go and how to get there. Negative Influences In some peer groups, being smart is looked down upon. Parents, teachers, curriculum, experts and evaluators have expressed considerable concern over the deteriorating students’ performance in public examinations. Academic performance refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks and studies (Scortt’s, 2012). lovetoknow. Ask us anything! Grades are certainly the most well-known indicator of academic performance. We are here to answer your questions. With that said, another common theme is similar aspirations. These factors are suspected for the luring of adolescents into engagement in negative habits such as excessive drinking of alcohol, smoking, of Indian hemp, engagement in unhealthy sexual behaviour, cultist activities and other maladjustive behaviours that distract them from academic pursuit. To Woolfolk (2010) gender usually refers to traits and behaviours that a particular culture judges to be appropriate for men and women. Negative peer pressure may influence in various ways like joining group who drink alcohol, smoke cigarette and Indian hemp among others. To the school-the findings of the study will directly lead to the raising of our standard of education because experience has shown that disciplined students learn faster and perform better academically than undisciplined students. They were chosen because it is expected that they have spent five years in the school and they have acquired the experience of both positive and negative peer pressure, and how it can affect their performance. Time management has to do with planning and scheduling activities, organizing tasks in a prioritized order and allocating time to the tasks according to their order of importance and helping one achieve desired objectives (Achunine, 1995). Theoretically, the findings of this study will help to clear some of the theoretical assertion by some of the theory on which this study will be anchored on as theory of social control theory. Variables of peer influence include the ethnicity of the students, the socio-economic background of the students, family relationships and group interests. Peer pressure may also result in one doing thing that may not fit with ones sense of what is right or wrong. This is possibly due to the fact that popular students may spend more time worrying about their social life rather than studying. The World Health Organization defines gender as the socially constructed roles, behaviour, activities and attributes that a particular society considers for men and women. your own paper. Hay and Ashman (2003) concluded that females were more influenced by peer relations than males. Most high school activities require a certain GPA and consequently, kids who are involved in school sports, drama, student council and other activities tend to do better in school. These groups of individuals tend to point accusing fingers on influence of negative peer pressure and poor time management as being responsible for poor academic performance. Other Variables that Affect Academic Success There are several other variables that affect academic success and some argue may actually be more influential than peers. There are numerous variables to consider, however, here are a few statistics: According to a study published by the Williams Project on the Study of Economics in Higher Education, stronger students do have an impact on their peers and actually help improve the overall academic performance of the peer group. 2. Likewise, girls with good friends who are considered intelligent tend to do better in school. That will create room for poor academic performance. However, the pressure to ‘fit in’ for someone entering high school is tremendous. As with older children, peer influence on your child can be both good or bad, depending upon the situation 1. The issue of students loitering about, holding parties at the expense of their studies tends to suggests that students in Abia State do not manage their time well. It has also been revealed that girls do better in school, get higher grades and can graduate from high school at a higher level than boys (Aryana, 2010). Among boys, behaviour That is, on the average, less than a quarter (21.94 percent) of the students that sat for the May/June West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Examinations obtained credits in five subjects including English and mathematics during the five years (WAEC, 2007-2011). There definitely seems to be a pattern in the influence of studious kids. Besides, competitiveness becomes one factor in peer group which positively and also negatively influence the students’ anxiety in learning English. For PROPER paraphrasing (see your university definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase) 4. Gender may have positive and negative influence on in-school adolescents. What experts do not agree on is to what extent and the variables within that influence. 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May 27, 2022 New Step by Step Map For lithium polymer Lithium Polymer batteries were the next step from the Nickel Cadmium (NiCad) and also Nickel Metal Crossbreed (NiMH) batteries. While these batteries had actually offered their objective the advancements in individual electronics produced a demand for lighter, longer enduring batteries. In 2002 the first of the Lithium ion Polymer batteries got here. Though it is an additional market for these batteries push-button control and bike enthusiasts also leapt at the chance for a lighter, more advanced battery. The old Nickel Cadmium batteries had an imperfection because they established a ‘memory’. Each time a user charged the batteries they took a bit smaller sized cost up until they ultimately do not take a fee in all. Even if the batteries are completely drained pipes after each charge as suggested there finest life span was about six months. So called ‘memory’ was not an issue with the Lithium Polymer or ion Polymer batteries. This permitted the batteries to last much much longer, also years. Mainly these batteries are made use of in personal electronics. Your cellular phone battery could be a slim rectangle with 2 get in touches with at one end, in which situation it is just one of one of the most common Lithium ion Polymer cells. Push-button control hobbyists use a various kind of the battery that is comprised of two or potentially 3 cells. Enthusiasts favor these batteries due to the fact that they weight one 3rd what and old Nickel Cadmium or Nickel Metal Crossbreed battery. This lower mass combined with a remarkable capacity offered the batter nearly 3 time the life. The batteries have actually additionally changed things for custom motorcyclists. The batteries take up much less space that a traditional battery on the motorcycle and weight regarding a quarter of what a lead acid battery would weigh. These batteries are additionally more environmentally friendly than standard lead acid batteries when they do reach completion of their life-span. The batteries superior fee abilities make it feasible to attempt to begin the motorbike adequate times that the starter is no more working before the battery stops working. When using a battery you must be very knowledgeable about the safety and security dangers to obtain the most effective use of your battery. The batteries develop warmth while they are charging as well as must never ever full of a turbo charger or left unattended throughout charging. If making use of a trickle charger the batteries require a balancer, which is typically constructed into the battery charger, to ensure that all cells charge similarly and that the battery is at its finest efficiency. It is important that a damaged battery is never ever utilized since there is a threat of surge. Keeping the battery protected and also far from any sort of destructive or water will certainly aid to preserve the life and safety of the battery. Effectively taken care of, a Lithium ion Polymer battery will certainly last for several years. Lighter as well as holding more fee that its earlier counter components, the Nickel Cadmium and also Nickel Metal Hybrid batteries as well as even more eco-friendly the lead acid car batteries, Lithium ion batteries have transformed the way we utilize our individual electronics, motorbikes as well as radio control models. know more about 3.7v LiPo battery here.
The Scope of Autonomy: Kant and the Morality of Freedom ISBN : 9780199646159 Katerina Deligiorgi 256 ページ 146 x 222 mm Katerina Deligiorgi offers a contemporary defence of autonomy that is Kantian in orientation but which engages closely with recent arguments about agency, morality, and practical reasoning. Autonomy is a key concept in contemporary moral philosophy with deep roots in the history of the subject. However, there is still no agreed view about the correct way to formulate an account of autonomy that adequately captures both our capacity for self-determination and our responsiveness to reasons. The theory defended in The Scope of Autonomy is distinctive in two respects. First, whereas autonomy has primarily been understood in terms of our relation to ourselves, Deligiorgi shows that it also centrally involves our relation to others. Identifying the intersubjective dimension of autonomy is crucial for the defence of autonomy as a morality of freedom. Second, autonomy must be treated as a composite concept and hence not capturable in simple definitions such as acting on one's higher order desires or on principles one endorses. One of the virtues of the composite picture is that it shows autonomy lying at the intersection of concerns with morality, practical rationality, and freedom. Autonomy pertains to all these areas, though it does not exactly coincide with any of them. Proving this, and so tracing the scope of autonomy, is therefore essential: Deligiorgi shows that autonomy is theoretically plausible, psychologically realistic, and morally attractive. 1. Introduction: autonomy: specification of a term, recognition of a problem 2. Moral knowledge: pure reason and the law 3. Moral action: normativity, motivation and autonomous willing 4. Freedom as constraint: the morality of autonomy 5. Knowing hearts: emotion, value, and judgement 6. The scope of autonomy: agency, freedom, and morality Katerina Deligiorgi is interested in how reason and value interconnect and how they shape our lives. Kant and Hegel are key points of reference for this work. She is the author of Kant and the Culture of Enlightenment (2005) and editor of Hegel: New Directions (2006); she also edits the Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain. Her current project, following on from The Scope of Autonomy: Kant and the Morality of Freedom, focuses on the metaphysics and epistemology of action and the theoretical challenges posed by contemporary neuroscience.
Macleaya cordata, a plant in the poppy family, has been found to contain chelerythrine, fumarine, sanguinarine and other toxic alkaloids. Alkaloids are usually nitrogenous organic compounds derived from plants, usually secondary metabolites of plants, which can protect plants or promote plant growth and metabolism. Most alkaloids have complex nitrogen heterocycles in their molecules and are structurally alkaline and biologically active. Alkaloids may be present in all tissues of the plant body, but for specific plants, they tend to be concentrated in leaves, stems or fruits. In general, the same alkaloid content varies greatly during different growth stages of the plant, depending on the plant’s growth conditions. For example, the contents of sanguinarine and chelidonine in the pod of the fruit harvested in November were 1.8 times and 2.1 times higher than those in July respectively. There are usually several or dozens of alkaloids, for example, about 20 alkaloids in poppy, more than 70 alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus, and about 30 alkaloids in macleaya cordata. What is Macleaya Cordata Extract The Macleaya Cordata extract is the yellow powder processed from the fruits, leaves and stalks of Macleaya Cordata. The total content of fumarine and allocryptobase is no less than 60%, has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and growth promoting effects. Toxicity of Macleaya Cordata Alkaloids are a kind of natural product with significant biological activity, showing a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities due to the diversity of structure, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmia, antihypertensive, immune regulation and other functions. There were abundant alkaloids in the fruit and the whole grass of Macleaya Cordata. The chromatographic analysis showed that there were nearly 30 kinds of alkaloids in the roots, and more than 10 chromatographic peaks were larger, indicating that the contents of alkaloids were larger. Macleaya Cordata is toxic, and there are often reports of poisoning and even death after oral or accidental ingestion, because it can cause acute cardiogenic cerebral ischemia syndrome. Animal experiments have proved that Macleaya Cordata injection into rabbit ear vein can cause T wave inversion of electrocardiogram, and multiple ventricular premature contractions, accompanied by transient paroxysmal tachycardia. The maximum lethal dose was 22.5mg/kg for mice. All the alkaloids found in the Macleaya Cordata are isoquinoline alkaloids, which can be generally divided into the following types: fumarine, allocryptobase and cryptobase. The main contents were sanguinarine, chelidonine, fumarine and allocryptin. Although they are homologous secondary metabolites, their biological activities and medicinal effects vary and their distribution and metabolism patterns in different parts of Macleaya Cordata are also different. The Pharmacology Uses of Macleaya Cordata Extract A study found that Macleaya Cordata alkaloids have stronger inhibition in a variety of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria and leptospira, ethoxy blood alkali and ethoxy celandine red alkali can inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria in vitro of pneumonic diplococcus staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, sensitive, strong bacteriostasis than berberine. Chelidonine and sanguinarine also have different inhibition on staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Octebacter, Escherichia coli and other fungi. Macleaya Cordata has long been used by Chinese folk as a screwworm-killing herb, which has been proved to be effective in inhibiting the hatching of fly eggs. The experimental results showed that sanguinine, chelidonine and borohuine also had nematoidal and fungal effects, and the alkaloids could also be used to kill plant aphids. The alkaloids can inhibit solid tumors and induce apoptosis, which may be one of the important mechanisms of anti-virus and anti-tumor effects. Chelidonine is a selective protein kinase that is widely used in anti-tumor and cell signal propagation related to cell proliferation and regeneration. Serine also showed weak antitumor activity, but it mainly interfered with the DOUBLE helix structure of DNA and was less selective to normal and tumor cells than chelidonine. Boost immunity Animal experiments have shown that Macleaya Cordata has a good immune-enhancing effect, stimulating T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte functions. In the treatment of acute liver injury induced by multiple drugs, Brogue showed good improvement. Promote animal growth Macleaya Cordata alkaloids can inhibit the activity of cholinesterase, stimulate the secretion of saliva, and has diuretic peripheral anti-adrenolysis sympathetic effect, and can inhibit the decarboxygenase of aromatic amino acid. It can regulate the tryptophan – 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolic pathway through this effect and increase the feed intake of animals. The QBA contained in Macleaya Cordata may exert antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects through intestinal contact, thus reducing the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets and ensuring the healthy growth of pigs. At present, there are few animal studies on the application of Macleaya Cordata alkaloid, and the related mechanism and effectiveness need to be further confirmed.
Often asked: When Was Saint Patrick Canonised? When did Patrick become a saint? St. Patrick was a 5th-century missionary to Ireland who is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland. He became a legendary figure by the end of the 7th century and is considered a patron saint of Ireland. Why was Saint Patrick canonized? How did St Patrick become a saint? St. Patrick was that he was Irish. Patrick didn’t make his way to Ireland until Irish pirates kidnapped him at age 16. From there, he started his journey to converting the Irish to Christianity and becoming an Irish patron saint. What is the real story of St Patrick? You might be interested: Readers ask: What Happened To Saint Joseph? Are there really no snakes in Ireland? Why do we wear green on St Patrick’s Day? Is St Patrick a Catholic? Is St Patrick still a saint? Is St Patrick a martyr? It’s generally accepted that Saint Patrick died – and was buried – in Downpatrick near Belfast. Some scholars believe that Patrick, who had returned to Britain after converting thousands of Irish people to Catholocism, sensed his coming demise and wished to travel back to Ireland before his death. You might be interested: Who Is The Patron Saint Of Lost Things? What is the prayer of St Patrick? Who are the 3 patron saints of Ireland? Patrick, St. Brigid and St. Leave a Reply
How The Advanced Education Is Good For Dissertation Writing Dissertation Writing Planning and Organization skills: Writing Skills: Logical Reasoning: Creativity and Innovativeness: Punctuality and Persistence: How College Students Are Addressing Their Tough Coursework? Address Tough Coursework Working on their coursework is one of the toughest tasks that students are assigned during their academic years. The main problem they face while working on their coursework is to make sense of what it is all about and how it should be done the best way so they can achieve the highest grades in class. Most of the students, when asked, complained about lack of time and insufficient resources to help them complete their assignments. In addition to this, they believed that inadequate research and writing skills were the biggest hindrances in their path to success, and they felt that not knowing how to do things the right way made it very tough for them do to things right. The advancement of technology has played a significant role in helping college students address their coursework, but the use of technology requires some skills and competence. Students who are not so tech-savvy or do not know how to use the right tools or apps suffer problems. The internet and technology have made it easy for students to communicate better with their teacher, look for the best sources and seek coursework help as they need it. However, there are still many problems that are faced by students such as problems in accessing the internet and their ability to use the internet the right way to use it for their coursework. Thus, it becomes necessary for students to understand that they need to act smart and focus on the task to address it most efficiently. This article discusses how college students these days address their complicated coursework and what ways and means they use to sail through these tough times without any fear of failure. Read More: Why Students Addicted to Social Media Need Mental Health Support? Internet is the most easily accessible, as well as, convenient to use tool for students when it comes to working on their coursework, but only having access to the internet is not enough or will solve their problems. Finding relevant information is the most essential thing when it comes to writing a top quality and custom coursework. It is only when students search the online libraries and archives of information or hunt for the best books on the internet that they can complete their assignments and impress teachers with their hard work. A variety of tools and applications have been specifically developed to help students in their coursework and make their tough and complex tasks easy and manageable. Experts have designed these tools and apps to make the academic process easy for students and facilitate the interaction with their teachers and peers online on platforms where they can share material, have discussions and provide and receive feedback on what they are doing. These tools are also good for research, writing, and editing and save a lot of students’ time and hassle, making this task bearable. These days the trend of seeking help from professional coursework writing services is also on the rise and students who find themselves stuck in a corner turn to these service providers to get a high-quality paper in a time of need. Hiring a coursework writing service is the right way to address tough coursework writing tasks when students do not have time, energy, or the skills to work on the papers on their own. Coursework writing services have teams of writers, researchers, and editors who take every assignment very seriously and work to the best of their abilities; producing the best papers. The good thing about working with professionals is that they are highly qualified as well as experienced and they know what type of papers teachers expect from their students. They also have access to the most advanced tools and resources that make them produce the best papers that students can submit timely, without missing their deadlines. With the help of the most professional and reliable writing service, students can look forward to achieving desired results in class and give them a chance to understand coursework writing better. Read More: How Students Can Deal with Their Angry Mood Easily? Students also work with their peers and fellow students to better understand their coursework writing tasks and address the problems they face in working alone. Working in a group has many advantages. It leads to brainstorming, and students come up with great solutions to the problems, such as formatting and structuring, and also get innovative ideas that make their coursework a masterpiece. Coursework writing tasks become difficult for students when they are running out of time or are unable to focus and end up making mistakes. College students can only address their coursework with a better understanding of what they need to do, as well as, access to the best tools and platforms from where they can get the knowledge to work better. Why Students Addicted to Social Media Need Mental Health Support? Addiction to Social Media Social media has become an important feature in the lives of students these days. While most of them say that they use it for academic purposes, this is wrong as they end up searching other content more than they look for academic content. Using social media is not bad, but too much use of social media has begun to cause problems. It has resulted in severe mental disturbances that affect normal life patterns and can be very damaging in the long run. Studies have reported that students suffering from a range of mental disorders, including depression, psychotic disorders, and other severe mental illnesses have been found using social media platforms excessively. These problems should not be taken lightly as they are serious, and students require mental health support to deal with the best way and avoid facing further trouble in life. This article by a dissertation writing service discusses some of the most common issues that students face when they get addicted to social media, how they can be adversely affecting their mental health, and why they need the right health support to deal with these problems in the most efficient manner. Living In An Imaginary World Of Their Own: Excessive use of social media has become a substitute for the real world for so many students. Instead of going out, and interacting with real people the right way, they begin to create an imaginary world of their own. This imaginary world of their own pulls them again and again into it. Even when they are out with family or friends, they feel the constant need to check their social media, driven by feelings that others are doing something which they are missing out on. Due to this, they are cut off from the real world, and it begins to isolate them, preventing them from living a normal and healthy life. Suffering From Low Self-Esteem: Due to excessive social media activity, students begin to take everything that goes on the social media platform and develop low self-esteem or negative body image when they do not get the praise or the appreciation they seek. People on these platforms can be harsh if they do not like what they see and give comments that can hurt, and students, who take social media life very seriously, get affected by this, leading to various mental health problems. Sometimes, these problems can develop into complications, and students face disturbed eating and sleep patterns that require medical support to deal with them timely. Fear of Cyberbullying: Students end up fearing cyberbullying because they have no control over the things other people post about them or the comments they make. This shakes their confidence, and they feel as if they do not know what to do, and they begin to fear people, do not want to go out, and prefer to stay indoors or limit their activity, which is not healthy at all. If this continues, they can develop paranoia and other problems and need mental health support to restore their confidence and wellbeing. Distraction and Disturbance: Getting too involved in social media can lead to lots of disturbances and distractions in students’ lives. They feel the constant pressure to post regular content about themselves as they are anxious for the comments and likes on your post or want to be the first to respond quickly and enthusiastically to the posts by their friends and family. All this keeps them hooked to their phone or tablet; it is not good for their mental as well as physical health and begins to affect their normal life too. Read More: How to Get Help for Writing a Perfect Academic Document? Engaging In Risky and Life-Threatening Behavior to Get Likes: There have been times when students engaged in risky and even life-threatening behaviors to get likes and positive reactions or shares on social media. They end up playing dangerous pranks, post embarrassing material, cyberbully others, or try to take pictures while driving or doing any unsafe activity for the thrill and end up with some serious problems. This is not acceptable for a normal and healthy life, and students must get mental health support to get rid of this addiction. Feelings of Depression and Anxiety: Instead of feeling elevated and happy, students often end up feeling depressed and anxious; it is because no matter how attractive the world of social media, it is not the real thing. It only keeps them happy while they are online; once they switch their phone or computer off, they feel more anxious and depressed, and lonely. Students addicted to social media need best mental health support to deal with the various problems they suffer from to live an active and healthy life, free of all pressures. How Students Can Deal with Their Angry Mood Easily? Deal with Angry Mood Students often face mood swings, and they feel angry due to several reasons. They have problems with teachers and their friends; they are often not able to satisfy their parents or they fail to achieve their goals in academic or personal life and so much more that leaves them frustrated and angry. Anger and frustration are not good for them as it often makes them do things that they should not, and they regret it later on. It is only with proper behavior management that students can learn to deal with their angry mood the right way and look forward to doing things in a much better way that not only lead them to success but also gives them a chance to solve problems that cause anger. Students can deal with their angry moods with the best ways as shared below by assignment writing services and manage their reactions. From asking themselves what gets them in such a mood to see what can help to change their mood, there a lot that students can do in this regard and look forward to a better life. Identifying The Problems: The first thing that students need to do to deal with their angry mood is by identifying the problems that are causing it. They must find out why they are angry and what the issue is all about. They must learn to put their anger into words and see what they come up with. They must ask what they are feeling and why what is their anger directed towards; is it some human being or object or themselves. Unless they learn to identify the source of anger and find out what is causing it, they will not be able to deal with it and control it effectively. Thinking About Possible Solutions And Their Outcomes: When they are done thinking about what is causing their anger and why they are feeling this way they must think about possible solutions that will reduce their anger and its outcomes. They might come up with some solutions that seem satisfying for them but might not be good for others; such as being rude to a loved one or leaving a course just because they were unable to secure good grades etc. On the other hand, learning to do better next time, achieving desired results, and saying sorry to a loved one might help them feel light, and they might be able to better in the long run. It is important to weigh the results of their actions and move carefully as one small step taken in anger might lead to a lifetime of regret. Self-Monitoring and Perseverance: Self-monitoring and perseverance play a very key role in dealing with angry moods in the long run. It is because, the students need to understand that when they are out in the world, no one can be a better friend and teacher than their own self. They must learn to monitor themselves, see what makes them angry, what calms them done, and what makes them do right. At the same time, they should remain determined and follow the rules they have set for themselves to avoid ending up doing something that will land them into further trouble. Being angry and not thinking is the worst thing to happen that could damage their academic career and personal grown, and only strict self-monitoring will keep them going in the right direction. Read More: Step by Step Guide for Getting Distinction Grades in College Diverting Tactics: Dealing with anger is not so easy, and students must understand diverting tactics that work for them. As every student is an individual, no same tactics will work on two people, and everyone must learn what diverting tactics are the best that can give them a sense of calm and help control their mood in a much better way. It can be anything from reading a book to going for a walk, playing a video game, or talking to someone who understands them and can give them the best advice at such time. Take A Step Back: sometimes taking a step back and seeing things from a third party perspective is all that it takes for students to see that they do not need to be angry at all as some situations are not created, but they occur due to misunderstanding or confusion. When they step back and let go of things, they will feel the anger fading away. With the right tips and understanding, students can look forward to dealing with their angry moods very easily. How to Get Help for Writing a Perfect Academic Document? Perfect Academic Document Almost all students enjoy the study process. They enjoy taking lectures, to study at the home and to study in the library etc. Along with studies, when they are asked to write academic papers, they will have to face lots of problems. The first major problem is a lack of confidence. It means that they don’t have enough confidence to write academic documents. Secondly, students have to face the problem of insufficient knowledge to write the academic document. Thirdly, lack of writing skills can also become a cause of distracting the attention of the students from the main theme of the academic paper. Fourthly, to create plagiarism free content is also a real challenge for the students. To write the perfect academic document, they have to get help. Here, experts of a dissertation editing service will discuss various ways to get help while writing the academic document. • Contact With Writing Services: If you are facing any problem to write an academic document, you should contact with academic writing services. The Academic Papers UK is the best writing service to find out all the solutions to your academic documents. You just need to contact them through their customer support service. After contact with them, you can find out all the solutions to your problems. This writing service has a team of expert and qualified writers. These expert and qualified writers have the abilities to provide all the solutions to your academic problems. Moreover, it is also a genuine academic paper writing service. After placing an order to your academic paper, you don’t need to worry about the quality of the academic paper. It is also an affordable writing service. The students can easily afford the services of this writing service. • Read The Samples: Some students don’t know how to start the academic document, how to structure the academic document and how to format the academic document etc. If you are also facing these kinds of problems while writing the academic document, you should read the samples. You should try to read the best samples relevant to the topic of your academic paper. The students can easily find out these samples from various resources. The best resources to find out these samples are university library and online resources. Students can also get these samples by contacting with the academic paper writing services. By reading these samples, they can’t only get an idea about the structure, format and content of the academic documents. These samples will also be helpful for them to find out the best resources to gather the data. The students can get an idea about the resources by reading the references section of the academic documents. • Contact With Others: It is a fact that if you are going to write an academic document, you will have to get help from others. If you will feel hesitant to get help from others, you can’t create the best quality content for your academic document. First of all, you should contact your advisor to get help while creating a monument of your academic document. You can get help from him in various ways. Your advisor can provide a list of the best resources to find out the data for your document. He can also tell you the best tools to create the best quality content for your document. Your advisor will also provide you with the best samples to write the academic document. Along with your advisor, you can also contact your fellows and senior students to create the best quality content for your academic document. Read More: Dissertation Writing Skills You Must Need to Adopt • Use Writing Tools: As we have discussed earlier that to write an academic document, you will have to face lots of problems. To overcome these problems, you can also get help from various writing tools. For example, if you don’t have enough command on the English grammar, spelling and punctuation, you should use Grammarly. This tool will be helpful to you to remove all the mistakes from your document. To write the academic document, you will have to face lots of problems to find out the relevant resources. Writing Ocean is the best tool to find out the relevant resources for your document. Most of the students can’t get an idea either they are creating plagiarized free content or not. For this reason, they can use Turnitin. If students don’t know how to cite the resources in the document, they can use Accurate Cite resource. This resource will be helpful for them to cite all the resources in the document. Step by Step Guide for Getting Distinction Grades in College Get Distinction Grades Getting distinction grades in college is no easy task, and you will have to work very hard and make sure that you are focused in the right direction so that you can succeed. No matter in which part of the world you live or study, everything needs to be done most efficiently by hiring dissertation writing services before you can look forward to good grades. Always Have A Plan: As the semester progresses and you move forward with the academics, make sure that you have a plan to deal with things. It is also necessary to remember that as you move forward, things will not get easy, but they will only become tougher as there will be more tasks and assignments to deal with. You must keep the important dates in mind, such as tests and exams, project submission deadline, meeting with the professors, and so on. The best thing to do in this regard is to mark these days in the calendar or put a reminder in your phone so that you do not forget them and are ready at the given time with whatever is needed. Read More: Dissertation Writing Skills You Must Need to Adopt You must understand the significance of making plans and sticking to them, and you will see how it takes you closer to distinction. Successful students are organized; they plan what to do and how, and this gives them ample time to do things most efficiently without running into trouble. Plan everything from classes you will take the next week, people you will be seeing, the time you will spend in the library for assignments, as well as family gatherings and homework that needs to be submitted. From academic activities to co-curricular activities as well as family gatherings, everything should be planned and done according to a routine; you will see how it makes academic life easy and successful for you. Stay Organized: Staying organized is most important because if you are not organized and have things at the right place, all your planning with go astray, and you will not be able to achieve the desired results. Planning will fail to deliver its benefits if you cannot find the assignment on time or if you fail to reach the classroom at a time because you could not find the books. You will end up wasting precious time looking for them and will be going through a lot of trouble trying to come up with justifications for what is happening. Staying organized is far easier said than done, and this is one area where students face a lot of trouble as they cannot seem to do things right no matter how hard they try. Keeping things at their place no matter what happens is very important; they must assign a place for everything from books to assigners and notes to their items as this is the only way they will be found on time. Making boxes or keeping dossiers for things can make this task easy; it depends on what you want to do and how you do things, and you will see how it helps to save your time and efforts and gives you a chance to do much better in class. Read More: How to Enhance Your Skills for Future Growth Never Miss Homework or Assignments: This is the most important step for getting distinction grades in class. Homework and assignments carry and wealth of information and give students a chance to learn much more about the subject they are studying, even more than they could learn in the class as this is self-learning. They conduct research, make notes, and understand things in their way, which is far better than someone explaining it to them and express it in their own words and ideas, and it fetches them good results. Make a list of all the homework and assignments that you have been assigned and set it on your priority list so that you do not forget them and face problems in class; it can either be done with the help of a notebook or some app. Keep referring to your list so that you do not forget what needs to be done, and you can plan which assignment or homework needs to be addressed first. The items with a close deadline need to be done first so that there is no confusion, and you know what is going on in the class can impress the teacher with your hard work and efforts. Along with the above-mentioned steps, you must take good care of your physical and mental health and make sure that you do not compromise on your diet or sleep while trying to achieve good results. A healthy mind and body can perform well and take you closer to distinction in very little time. Dissertation Writing Skills You Must Need to Adopt Dissertation Writing Skills Planning and Organization: Read More: How to Enhance Your Skills for Future Growth Effective Writing Skills: Logical Reasoning and Flow Of Thoughts: Creativity and Imagination: Read More: Step By Step Guide To Write Bibliography How to Enhance Your Skills for Future Growth How to Enhance Skills A combination of the abilities, qualities and experiences that a person can apply to enhance their tasks is known as a skill set. Different people have different skills. The most important skills are interpersonal skills, organizational skills and leadership skills etc. These are known as soft skills. Some people have technical skills. The most important technical skills are research, accounting and computer programming etc. If you want to get success in your life, you should improve your skills. By spending enough time on polishing the skill set, you can easily enhance your skills. Here, experts of assignment writing services will discuss some essential tips to enhance your skills for future growth. Overcome Your Fears If you want to learn something new, first of all, you will have to overcome your fears. Its reason is that fear can prevent you from growing and progressing. The best way to overcome your fear that you should not be afraid of public speaking. If you are afraid of public speaking, you can become the best speaker by taking part in the online classes and by joining different groups. You can also take the services of a mentor. A mentor will be helpful to you to take brave decisions and to build up your confidence level. You should also try to overcome shyness from your personality. To overcome shyness from your personality, you should start introducing yourself with others. Read More: Step By Step Guide To Write Bibliography Reading will also be helpful to you to enhance your skills. Most of the people can’t enhance their skills because they don’t have enough knowledge about these skills. When you will read, it will not only expand your knowledge but it will also expand your vocabulary. It is also the best way to keep you informed. By reading, you can also stimulate your mind. After stimulating your mind, you can also improve your critical thinking skills. If you want to improve your skills by reading, you should prepare a schedule. You should try to read at least one article in a day to be motivated. Try To Learn Something New You can learn something new in two different ways. First, you can learn something new by yourself. Secondly, you can also learn something new by signing up for a class. You should select your preferred mean of learning. If you want to learn content writing skills, you should sign up for a course. You can also learn the software skills by signing up for a course. The students can also enhance their skills by watching webinars. They can also take part in professional development programs to improve their skills. They can also use social media sites to learn something new. Ask For Feedback After trying all of the above-mentioned techniques, now, you will have to implement these techniques practically in your life. When you will implement these techniques in your practical life, you will not know the consequences of these techniques. The best way to know the consequences of these skills is to get feedback from others. You can get feedback from your friends, teachers, colleagues or family members. You should try to get feedback from those people who have enough knowledge about these skills. They will provide feedback. Based on the feedback, you can enhance your skills. Read More: Best 5 Careers for Students After Graduation in Physics Observe Others You will find lots of people in your life who have excellent skills. If you want to enhance your skills, you should observe them. When you will observe them, you will get inspirations from them. You can observe the skills of your supervisor or any other successful person in your family. While observing successful people, you should observe the daily routines of them. After observing their daily routines, you should replicate these routines in your life. When you will implement the experiences of others in your life, you can easily enhance your skills. By interacting with people, you can interact with different kinds of people. When you will interact with other people, you can find out new ideas. After finding out new ideas, you will learn how to communicate with others and how to work with others. The networking will also provide you with an opportunity to meet with such people who can help you in the future. It is also the best way to develop relationships with others. There are different ways of networking. You can build networks through industry organizations. With the help of the shared interest groups, you can also build networks. Along with these tips, you can also enhance your skills by keeping a journal, by meditating and by getting the services of a mentor. Step By Step Guide To Write Bibliography Write Bibliography For many projects, thesis, dissertation and coursework your instructor wants you to write bibliography. Bibliography is the list of all the sources you have used for gathering information for your research paper. It is organized in alphabetical order. The bibliography- list of sources used is usually present in every paper and mostly in the indexes. As shared by experts of assignment writing services, there are two main purposes of writing bibliography; firstly for giving credits to the original authors whose work has been quoted or used as reference for avoiding any plagiarism and secondly readers can refer to the bibliography for verifying genuineness of the facts and figures written in a research paper. Difference between Citation, Bibliography and Annotated Bibliography: There is a significant difference between citation, bibliography and annotated bibliography. Citation is the list of every work quoted or mentioned in the paper; bibliography is the list of every source or work used in writing the paper, while in annotated bibliography the author writes a short note for explaining the significance and crediting the sources. In MLA format usually citation is used whereas in Turabian and Chicago bibliography and annotated bibliography are preferred. Elements of Bibliography: There are eight elements of bibliography: author name, title of source, title of container, other contributors, version, number, publisher, date of publishing and location. First of all when writing your paper you must keep a record of all the books, magazines, journals, and websites you have used for information in a separate notebook. For every printed source use you must record the above stated elements of bibliography and for all websites you must note down the following information; name of author and editor, title, name of company who has posted it on the website, complete URL, and the last date of modification. Read More: Best 5 Careers for Students After Graduation in Physics Where to Look for Bibliography Information: Depending on different types of resources the bibliography information can be found at different places. You must look at the following places for getting the right information regarding bibliography; title page of book, magazine, the top heading of the article, editorial page of the newspaper, about or content page of the website, the content page of journal, and the header and footer of a website. How to Do It: For writing a biography first you must write all the sources in the form of a list in alphabetical order by author name, title or by date of publication or by subject. You can use the APA style of MLA format. • MLA Bibliography: In MLA format the entire biography is double spaced and there is a margin of 1 inch around the page. The reference page is titled as Annotated Bibliography. The annotations are used after the list of references and usually it is not greater than one paragraph. If there are more than one paragraph then each paragraph is indented and separated with space • APA Style Bibliography: American psychological Associations prefer to set the bibliography guidelines to be set by the instructor. The written description of APA formatting is similar to MLA but there is a difference in formatting the references. The page is titled as annotated Bibliography and the whole page is double spaced. Each line is indented one-half inch from the left margin. The annotation is added on the net line below the citation. Read More: Why Students Are Not Ready for Real World Challenges 1. For more than one author the authors’ names are written in alphabetical order. 2. For more than two authors the word Et al. is used after mentioning the name of three to four authors. Et al. is a Latin word which means and others. 3. For the newspapers and magazines the bibliography include name of author, title of article, newspaper name, date of publication and page number. The title of the article is written in quotation marks and the title of the newspaper is written in italics. 4. For citing the interview that you have conducted personally, you must write last name first of interviewee, personal interview, and then date of interview. For citing the interviews conducted by others, first write the last name first of interviewee, title of publication, volume and page number and then the date of publishing. 5. For citing the audio or visual content like documentaries or television programs, first write the title of film in italics, name of director/s, and name of film studio and then year of release. For television programs write the title of the episode (in quotation), title of the program (italics), name of writer and director/s, name of Production Company and date of broadcasting. 6. For citing the speeches, conferences and presentations first write the name of speaker, title of speech, name of event and date in dd-mm-yy format, and location. Best 5 Careers for Students After Graduation in Physics Graduation in Physics The modern world continues to progress and develop and come up with advanced innovations and discoveries with the study of physics. It would not be wrong to say that this world not have been the same if it were not for physics and the physicists who have been working hard and coming up with new thoughts and concepts. The study of physics is the backbone behind many significant discoveries of this century, from laser to television, radio, computer technology, and even nuclear weapons. All of these inventions have played a central role in the development of quantum theory, the theory of relativity, the big bang theory, and the splitting of the atom theory. According to a dissertation help firm, students who opt for a degree in physics are not only choosing a great career option, but they are also heading for doing something great in the long run. However, it is essential to know that for studying physics, students need to have a strong head for numbers and a good command of scientific principles and a keen interest in discoveries to achieve their goals. Physics offers students numerous choices when it comes to selecting the right career path once they have graduated. It is up to the students to consider which field is most suitable for them and where they will find their satisfaction. Physics graduates have numerous appealing prospects as they have skills that are high in demand in various sections. They develop skills relating to numeracy, problem-solving, data analysis, and communication of complex ideas along with a better understanding of how the world works on a scientific and human level. All this makes a physics graduate a great package, and the students can choose the best careers for a bright future. This article discusses the best five careers for students after graduation in physics and helps them make the right choice: Research Scientist: People studying physics have a chance to pursue a long term career in research and become a research scientist with further studies in this discipline. With their graduate degree in physics, students can look forward to gaining in-depth and specialized knowledge that would prepare them to work most efficiently in this field. The areas of research where these scientists can practice include astrophysics, particle physics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, meteorology, aerospace dynamics, atomic and laser physics, atmospheric, oceanic, and planetary physics and climate science. Read More: Why Students Are Not Ready for Real World Challenges A Career In Space And Astronomy: Every child wants to become an astronaut after seeing the start twinkling in the sky, but for some, this can be a reality as they can become a reality. With graduation in physics, students can look forward to pursuing a career in space and astronomy. They can find jobs in museums as well as planetariums along with research and teaching jobs in universities and colleges. Career In Healthcare: While many do not know this, a degree in physics can provide numerous career opportunities in the healthcare sector. Medical physics overlaps significantly with biomedical engineering, and physicists work with biomedical engineers to create, review, and maintain medical technologies and equipment. There are also research-based jobs that can help graduates find a suitable career in research centers and academic institutes. Knowing accelerator physics, radiation detection, and materials science plays a significant role for students of this field to enjoy a successful career. Career In Engineering: The field of engineering offers some bright prospects to those with a degree in physics, specifically in the manufacturing and technology-based job. The graduates are given the task of improving and developing the right products using the most appropriate manufacturing process and benefit from a wide range of potential employers in various industries such as medicine, energy, transport, defense, space exploration, and telecommunications. Read More: Top Reasons To Know Why Socializing Is Important For Student Career In Energy: When we talk about energy, it can include either renewable or non-renewable energy, and there are some bright prospects for students studying physics. Oil and gas companies hold a very prominent position when it comes to utilizing experts of physics, and they hire these graduates who can help them in extracting fossil fuel reserves in the most efficient manner using knowing of Earth and the latest technologies. Energy companies are branching out into other alternatives too, such as wind and solar energy, and this area also offers a lot of growth potential. It is up to the students to explore the market and the industry and see what they want to when they aim to get a degree in physics. There is a variety of careers that physics graduates can explore in public as well as the private sector as businesses and industries are always looking for talented and skilled physicists who can do a great job.
Subvert [verb] Definition of Subvert: rebel, destroy Synonyms of Subvert: Opposite/Antonyms of Subvert: Sentence/Example of Subvert: The majority of the British immigrants had no desire to subvert the State. Such men might try to subvert us, and, just possibly, might succeed. Kings had made efforts to destroy its power and subvert its influence. "And you can not subvert facts, you know, father," added Agnes. What are the differences between overthrow, suppress, and subvert? Why, that the declaration of the Duke of Richmond, that the crowned heads of Europe intended to subvert our government, was true. Is it reasonable that he should seek to subvert the throne of a princess to whom he is affianced? Those that are heretics and subvert the essentials of christianity or godliness. It was being admitted he was honest, that influence did not subvert justice. The republic has survived the attempt to subvert one of them.
Election 2022 E-Sanchit MEMBER LOGIN SEARCH Annual Membership Renewal 2022- 23. Eventually, the hand-knotted carpets and rugs are seen to be made all over the world. The quintessential style of carpets, hand knotted was originally seen in Asiatic locations. These highly prized specimens of floor coverings were later imitated by the European nations later. Such carpets are constructed by clipping the lengths of yarn. The clipped ends of the yarn form the pile of the carpet that are tied in rows crossways to warps. Each row of knots is separated by multiple picks of wefts, fixed in as interchanging series of plain weave. There are various types of hand knotting techniques. They are as follows: Famous hand knotted Persian, Turkish specimens of carpets and rugs have been fascinating the world since centuries. Till today, there is a huge demand of such beauties in the Western markets. Materials such as cotton, silk, wool, and jute have also been used to knot such handmade marvels. What is handmade carpet? "A Floor Covering which is made completely by human hands by Handknotting, Handtufting or Handweaving, in which handspun Yarn of natural fibers (most commonly wool or silk) is used, , with individual character and design." Hand-made carpets are traditionally more expensive than those made by machines. Though there are several carpet-making methods, including braiding, hand tying (or hand knotting), hooking, shearing and tufting, the most common of these are braiding and hand knotting. Raw Wool Wool is either imported or is bought from nearby markets and is carefully sorted to pick out unwanted particles. Wool often carries dust, grease which is removed by washing it thoroughly and is then sun dried for two-three days. Tibetan wool The Tibetan wool has a strong good fibre length is imported in scoured form, good lustre and a high resilient value. The New Zealand wool is of 36 micron, 100 mm barb length and is identified as type 128. British wool meeting regulatory standards have also started being available in the market. It is the process of washing of Wool fibre. Wool fibre has lot of dust, dirt and the sticky oily material called Suint. Suint is the wax like material which comes out from sweat glands of Sheep. The fibre has to be washed with caustic to remove suint. Woollen Yarn Spinning Spinning involves two steps Carding and Spinning- Carding is sometimes done by hand with help of carding brush or on carding rollers run by hand. The carded wool is spun into yarn by using a charkha or a spinning wheel. The thickness of the yarn depends on the quality of the carpet and generally a 3 ply yarn is used. Yarn Dyeing The traditional pot dyeing method has been largely replaced by machine dyeing in closed Chambers. Dyes containing harmful substances such as AZO are banned and dye-stuffs from renowned international manufacturers are used. These dyes have a high degree of fastness. Depending on the weather, the dyed yarn has to be dried in the sunlight for one to three days. Pot dyeing and vegetable (natural) dyeing are still being used by some manufacturers.. Yarn Opening or Reeling is a process that involves opening the bigger and loose lea and wrapping it into tightly wrapped bunch which is smaller in size When speaking about patterns and carpet manufacturing these are often divided into three categories; curvilinear, geometric and figural patterns. There are many frequent named patterns, we will mention a few of the most common ones. These patterns can decorate a small part of a carpet or be used in an overall motif. From the pattern on a carpet it is possible to see what style and also which origin the carpet has. The size and colours that are used also contributes to the answer of the carpets origin. The pattern is the most obvious and perhaps the most important characteristic in a carpet. Around the cities and in the workshops, much time is emphasized on developing and refining the old traditional patterns which are all first drawn by hand on paper. Raw Washing It is done as the first wash to clean the carpet and for removal of dust and dirt or any stains on the carpet. After carpet is washed the piles are cut to level them to same height. This is called Shearing. is the process of cutting the borders of the motif on the carpet which gives detailing to the motif. It is also done by decreasing the pile height of the piles other than that of motif. This way the motif seems to like protrude out of the background and gives a good look to the carpet. The embossed motif is sometimes of different fibers also. Side Binding The sides of the carpet is bound by a separate thread which is a thick thread and often doubled. This gives additional strength to the carpet. it is the process of burning the protruding fibres on the backside of the carpets. This gives a sharp and neat finish to the carpet. Final Washing The carpet is washed for the final time. Final washing provides it the required luster. In traditional setup dyeing is done under the sun, but many manufacturers have drying machine which can control the tempreature and moisture of the carpet. Stretching is done to make the sides straight otherwise the carpet has some curved edges . Final Clipping This is the finishing step in the manufacturing of carpet. The clipping is done with minute detailing. Packing and Bailing After the carpet is finished, it is packed and bailed for exports. Raw Wool Woollen Yarn Spinning Yarn Dyeing Raw Washing Yarn Opening Final Clipping and Finishing Final Washing Packing and Bailing the parts of a rug The Fundamentals of Rug Making Although some of the special techniques involved in weaving an Oriental rug may vary from country to country and even from one region to another, the principles of rug-making - from dyeing the yarn to shearing the finished piece - are virtually the same throughout the world and have changed very little over the centuries. Still, a basic understanding of an Oriental rug's construction will be invaluable to you when selecting an Oriental rug. By and large, most Oriental rugs feature a wool pile, mainly derived from sheep, whose quality depends on factors such as the animal's breed and diet, local climate, and shearing season. After shearing, the wool is washed, carded (i.e., a teasing process that straightens the fibers), and then hand - or machine - spun into yarn. Next, the yarn is dyed in an attractive range of colors and then dried slowly in the sun. A detailed illustration of the carpet design, most commonly called a cartoon, guides the weavers throughout the entire rug-making process. The design is rendered on graph paper to scale. Through the ages, looms have remained relatively unchanged. While the most primitive is the nomadic or horizontal loom, the type most generally used today consists of two vertical beams of either wood or metal and two similarly made horizontal beams. The distance between the vertical beams determines the rug's width. Warp threads, usually cotton, are strung between the horizontal beams at a consistent tension. The thickness of the warp threads and the closeness at which they are strung are two of the elements that will determine the fineness of the weave (i.e., knot density) of the carpet that is ultimately woven. Hand-made V/s Machine-made carpets It is difficult to make out the difference between a Machine made and a Handmade carpet. But if you know the key points and have an inspective eye then you can separate the two. More clarity on the differences can be explained in terms of: Machine-made rugs and carpets are not woven by hand but are loomed by a computer generated system or apparatus. There are no knots in machine-made rugs. Whereas in a hand-made rug, each knot is hand knotted and tied. In machine-made carpets, threads are glued or looped onto a hot latex (plastic) backing which cools and hardens. They show a complete and rigid uniformity in manufacture which transforms into a static design. Machine-made rugs generally lack spontaneity and human touch. Sides and Ends In a hand-made or hand-knotted rug, the fringe is 'part' of the rug. The fringe is not sewn on as an extension, as is the case in machine-made rugs. Machine-made rugs always have 'serged' sides or machine stitching on both sides of the rug, as opposed to a hand-knotted which will be irregular and imperfect. In power loomed or machine-made rugs the stitching on the back is very consistent. They have extremely regular knots and even structure remains identical in all parts of the carpet. On the other hand, in hand-knotted rugs the stitching varies slightly due to different tensions on the wool as people hand-tie the knots. Most hand-made rugs and carpets are covered with a cotton or canvas backing. Acrylics and other chemically processed materials are usually used to make machine-made carpets. Hand-knotted rugs and carpets use pure organic wools. You can also differentiate a machine-made and hand-made rug simply by touching. If you place one finger on the front of a machine-made rug and your thumb on the back and pinch tightly, the rug will compress greatly and you will feel a sensation going right through one side to the other side. On the other hand, while pinching hand-made rugs you will feel much more body and substance. the parts of a rug Symmetrical knot The symmetrical knot, also known as the Turkish knot or the Ghiordes knot from its origin in Turkey where it was originally used. Sometimes this knot also goes by the name of turkbaff. In the symmetrical knot the yarn is placed (marked with red in the illustration ) in a loop around each and one of the two warps (light yellow ). Between every row of knots a weft is placed (coloured with blue ) in one or many rows. The symmetrical knot provides a stronger consistency to the carpet and is often used for thicker carpets. This knot is being used in Turkey, the Caucasian area and in the western parts of Iran and by Turkish and Kurdish tribes. It is also used in some European carpets. Persian knot The asymmetrical knot is also known as the Persian knot or the Senneh knot. Sometimes it goes by the name farsibaff. In the asymmetrical knot the yarn (marked with red ) is placed in a loop around one warp thread (light yellow) and remains loose under the other warp thread. Between every row of knots the weft (blue) is placed in one or more rows. The asymmetrical knot makes it possible to weave a carpet with higher knot density and more details. This knot is used in the Persian workshops (Iran) and in India, Turkey, Egypt and in China. Tibetan knot The Tibetan knot has a completely different structure than the other knots. This knot is made by using a temporary rod (brown in the illustration) along the width of the carpet, which is placed in front of the warp (light yellow) . The long yarn (red) is then placed around two warp threads (light yellow) and then around the rod. When the weaver is done with the entire row of knots the loops around the rod are cut to create the knot. Jufti knot A Jufti knot means that the knot (marked with red) is placed over four, instead of two, warp threads (light yellow) . The weft (blue) is placed in one or more rows. When weaving a carpet with this knot, the work goes on faster, but at the expense of the knot density. The carpets also tend to be less durable and the surface can sometimes look loose and shaggy. Of course the carpet is cheaper but also much worse. The knot can be both symmetrical and asymmetrical. The Jufti knot can be found in Khorasan carpets from Iran. Quality Grading Systems China, India and Pakistan each use their own unique system for grading rug quality by knot count. Handmade rugs from any country (except China) are often graded by Knots Per Square Inch, or KPSI - an impotant measure of a hand knotted rug's quality, value and even durability. A rug with a higher knot count will typically possess the attributes of greater intricacy and clarity of design, and is usually more expensive than a rug with a lower knot count, but with similar design features etc. KPSI Corresponds to the Pile Density of Wool Knots Per Square Inch (KPSI) Very Coarse 30 - 60 KPSI 60 - 130 KPSI Medium Fine 130 - 160 KPSI 160 - 290 KPSI Very Fine 290 + KPSI Extremely Fine
Sigmund Freud From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "They don't realize that we are bringing them the plague " "Dismembered limbs, a severed head, a hand cut off at the wrist, feet which dance by themselves" [...]", Freud, "The Uncanny" Humanity has in the course of time had to endure from the hands of science two great outrages upon its naive self-love. The first was when it realized that our earth was not the center of the universe, but only a tiny speck in a world-system of a magnitude hardly conceivable; this is associated in our minds with the name of Copernicus, although Alexandrian doctrines taught something very similar. The second was when biological research robbed man of his peculiar privilege of having been specially created, and relegated him to a descent from the animal world, implying an ineradicable animal nature in him.”--Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1915-1917) by Freud[1], tr. probably Joan Riviere Image:What's on a Man's Mind.jpg Related e He is commonly referred to as "the father of psychoanalysis" and his work has been highly influential-—popularizing such notions as the unconscious, defense mechanisms, Freudian slips, dream symbolism and other concepts — while also making a long-lasting impact on fields as diverse as literature (Kafka), film, Marxist and feminist theories, literary criticism, philosophy, and psychology. However, his theories remain controversial and widely disputed. Outside of psychoanalysis he is well-known for his essay on The Uncanny. Psychosexual development psychosexual development Freud originally posited childhood sexual abuse as a general explanation for the origin of neuroses, but he abandoned this so-called "seduction theory" as insufficiently explanatory. He noted finding many cases in which apparent memories of childhood sexual abuse were based more on imagination than on real events. During the late 1890s Freud, who never abandoned his belief in the sexual etiology of neuroses, began to emphasize fantasies built around the Oedipus complex as the primary cause of hysteria and other neurotic symptoms. Despite this change in his explanatory model, Freud always recognized that some neurotics had in fact been sexually abused by their fathers. He explicitly discussed several patients whom he knew to have been abused. Freud also believed that the libido developed in individuals by changing its object, a process codified by the concept of sublimation. He argued that humans are born "polymorphously perverse", meaning that any number of objects could be a source of pleasure. He further argued that, as humans develop, they become fixated on different and specific objects through their stages of development—first in the oral stage (exemplified by an infant's pleasure in nursing), then in the anal stage (exemplified by a toddler's pleasure in evacuating his or her bowels), then in the phallic stage. Freud argued that children then passed through a stage in which they fixated on the mother as a sexual object (known as the Oedipus Complex) but that the child eventually overcame and repressed this desire because of its taboo nature. (The term 'Electra complex' is sometimes used to refer to such a fixation on the father, although Freud did not advocate its use.) The repressive or dormant latency stage of psychosexual development preceded the sexually mature genital stage of psychosexual development. Freud's views have sometimes been called phallocentric. This is because, for Freud, the unconscious desires the phallus (penis). Males are afraid of losing their masculinity, symbolized by the phallus, to another male. Females always desire to have a phallus - an unfulfillable desire. Thus boys resent their fathers (fear of castration) and girls desire theirs. Major works by Freud Freud bibliography See also Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Sigmund Freud" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice. Personal tools
Pianos are heavy and powerful, yet delicate instruments. On one, the pedal board is an integral part of the instrument, using the same strings and mechanism as the manual keyboard. The inharmonicity of piano strings requires that octaves be stretched, or tuned to a lower octave's corresponding sharp overtone rather than to a theoretically correct octave. Skip to main content. NEPOSÍLEJTE DALŠÍ PLATBY. [47] The damper keeps the note sounding until the key is released (or the sustain pedal). The first model, known as the Pianette, was unique in that the tuning pins extended through the instrument, so it could be tuned at the front. Pianoforte definition, a piano. While the hitchpins of these separately suspended Aliquot strings are raised slightly above the level of the usual tri-choir strings, they are not struck by the hammers but rather are damped by attachments of the usual dampers. They use digital sampling technology to reproduce the acoustic sound of each piano note accurately. These extra keys are sometimes hidden under a small hinged lid that can cover the keys to prevent visual disorientation for pianists unfamiliar with the extra keys, or the colours of the extra white keys are reversed (black instead of white). In the 2010s, they are usually made of spruce or basswood. A silent piano is an acoustic piano having an option to silence the strings by means of an interposing hammer bar. Debora Zicaro - Un pianoforte antico \| Listen and download the track, support the artist on Jamendo Music. Most typically, however, it is used to refer to the late-18th to early-19th century instruments for which Haydn, Mozart, and the younger Beethoven wrote their piano music. Labeled left to right, the pedals are Mandolin, Orchestra, Expression, Soft, and Forte (Sustain). piano-forte (cuv. [9][10] Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte ("a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud"), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later, simply, piano.[11]. The use of a "choir" of three strings, rather than two for all but the lowest notes, enhanced the richness and complexity of the treble. in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play and hear the popular pieces of the day in their home. Inharmonicity is the degree to which the frequencies of overtones (known as partials or harmonics) sound sharp relative to whole multiples of the fundamental frequency. [41] The extra keys are the same as the other keys in appearance. PŘIHLÁŠKY JSOU JIŽ ZABLOKOVÁNY. This results in a little inharmonicity, which gives richness to the tone but causes significant tuning challenges throughout the compass of the instrument. Muziekwerken die voor dit instrument geschreven zijn, worden tegenwoordig voornamelijk op piano uitgevoerd, maar met name in het kader van de authentieke uitvoeringspraktijk worden originele fortepiano's, of replica's ervan, nog regelmatig bespeeld. Companies House Companies House does not verify the accuracy of the information filed (link opens a new window) Most grand pianos in the US have three pedals: the soft pedal (una corda), sostenuto, and sustain pedal (from left to right, respectively), while in Europe, the standard is two pedals: the soft pedal and the sustain pedal. The key also raises the damper; and immediately after the hammer strikes the wire it falls back, allowing the wire to resonate and thus produce sound. Beginning in 1961, the New York branch of the Steinway firm incorporated Teflon, a synthetic material developed by DuPont, for some parts of its Permafree grand action in place of cloth bushings, but abandoned the experiment in 1982 due to excessive friction and a "clicking" that developed over time; Teflon is "humidity stable" whereas the wood adjacent to the Teflon swells and shrinks with humidity changes, causing problems. Tempering an interval causes it to beat, which is a fluctuation in perceived sound intensity due to interference between close (but unequal) pitches. Pianos are used in soloing or melodic roles and as accompaniment instruments. From pianissimo (pp) to fortissimo (ff) the hammer velocity changes by almost a factor of a hundred. In all systems of tuning, each pitch is derived from its relationship to a chosen fixed pitch, usually the internationally recognized standard concert pitch of A4 (the A above middle C). In an effort to make pianos lighter, Alcoa worked with Winter and Company piano manufacturers to make pianos using an aluminum plate during the 1940s. Factory mass production of upright pianos made them more affordable for a larger number of middle-class people. Strings eventually must be replaced. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The pianos were introduced to their product line in response to numerous requests in favor of it. David R. Peterson (1994), "Acoustics of the hammered dulcimer, its history, and recent developments", The "resonance case principle" is described by Bösendorfer in terms of, two or more independent musical lines at the same time, Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, adjust their interpretation of historical compositions, multiple, independent melody lines that are played at the same time, "Imposant: Der Bösendorfer Konzertflügel 290 Imperial", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, "The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) \| Thematic Essay \| Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "History of the Eavestaff Pianette Minipiano", "Disklavier Pianos - Yamaha - United States", "161 Facts About Steinway & Sons and the Pianos They Build", "World's first 108-key concert grand piano built by Australia's only piano maker", Physics of the Piano by the Piano Tuners Guild, The Frederick Historical Piano Collection, The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Five lectures on the Acoustics of the piano, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piano&oldid=1004876809, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz instrument identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Baby grand – around 1.5 meters (4 ft 11 in), Parlor grand or boudoir grand – 1.7 to 2.2 meters (5 ft 7 in–7 ft 3 in), Concert grand – between 2.2 and 3 meters (7 ft 3 in–9 ft 10 in)). Pianoforte per tutti aneb klavír pro všechny. CAMBRIDGE PIANOFORTE LLP - Free company information from Companies House including registered office address, filing history, accounts, annual return, officers, charges, business activity. Tutti i giochi a schermo intero su Poki.it! Even composers of the Romantic movement, like Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Clara and Robert Schumann, Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn, and Johannes Brahms, wrote for pianos substantially different from 2010-era modern pianos. Cristofori's early instruments were made with thin strings, and were much quieter than the modern piano, but they were much louder and with more sustain in comparison to the clavichord—the only previous keyboard instrument capable of dynamic nuance responding to the player's touch, or the velocity with which the keys are pressed. Aktuality KAPACITA JE NAPLNĚNA 01.02.2021. These systems were used to strengthen the tone of the highest register of notes on the piano, which up until this time were viewed as being too weak-sounding. Messaggi raccomandati. The extra keys are added primarily for increased resonance from the associated strings; that is, they vibrate sympathetically with other strings whenever the damper pedal is depressed and thus give a fuller tone. [10] Most of the next generation of piano builders started their work based on reading this article. pianoforte - Translation to Spanish, pronunciation, and forum discussions. De hamertjes van de pianoforte zijn bedekt met. The unit mounted under the keyboard of the piano can play MIDI or audio software on its CD. „încet-tare”) sau forte-piano.1. The increased structural integrity of the iron frame allowed the use of thicker, tenser, and more numerous strings. KAPACITA SOUTĚŽNÍ PŘEHLÍDKY JE JIŽ NAPLNĚNA! There is no mention of the company past the 1930s. The three Cristofori pianos that survive today date from the 1720s. This makes it possible to sustain selected notes (by depressing the sostenuto pedal before those notes are released) while the player's hands are free to play additional notes (which don't sustain). This facilitated rapid playing of repeated notes, a musical device exploited by Liszt. The sostenuto pedal (see below), invented in 1844 by Jean-Louis Boisselot and copied by the Steinway firm in 1874, allowed a wider range of effects. giacomo_pagani 1 giacomo_pagani 1 Senior Member; Membri; 1 5.371 messaggi #1; Inviato 25 Marzo, 2012 . Theodore Steinway in 1880 to reduce manufacturing time and costs. [4] These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air. The pedalier piano, or pedal piano, is a rare type of piano that includes a pedalboard so players can user their feet to play bass register notes, as on an organ. More recently, the Kawai firm built pianos with action parts made of more modern materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and the piano parts manufacturer Wessell, Nickel and Gross has launched a new line of carefully engineered composite parts. Aged and worn pianos can be rebuilt or reconditioned by piano rebuilders. It lifts the dampers from all keys, sustaining all played notes. In the nineteenth century, a family's piano played the same role that a radio or phonograph played in the twentieth century; when a nineteenth-century family wanted to hear a newly published musical piece or symphony, they could hear it by having a family member play a simplified version on the piano. While some folk and blues pianists were self-taught, in Classical and jazz, there are well-established piano teaching systems and institutions, including pre-college graded examinations, university, college and music conservatory diplomas and degrees, ranging from the B.Mus. [8] Cristofori was an expert harpsichord maker, and was well acquainted with the body of knowledge on stringed keyboard instruments; this knowledge of keyboard mechanisms and actions helped him to develop the first pianos. This pedal keeps raised any damper already raised at the moment the pedal is depressed. [12] This innovation allows the pianist to sustain the notes that they have depressed even after their fingers are no longer pressing down the keys. La musica ha il potere di comunicare in maniera diretta i contenuti. In the period from about 1790 to 1860, the Mozart-era piano underwent tremendous changes that led to the modern structure of the instrument. The Yamaha firm invented a plastic called Ivorite that they claim mimics the look and feel of ivory. Due donne, due mondi: due destini che s’inseguono come note su un pentagramma «Una storia che … Da giacomo_pagani, 25 Marzo, 2012 in Lounge Bar. Makers compensate for this with the use of double (bichord) strings in the tenor and triple (trichord) strings throughout the treble. In tegenstelling tot de voor de ontwikkeling van de piano gebruikelijke spinet en klavecimbel kon op een fortepiano zowel hard als zacht gespeeld worden.De klankkleur van de fortepiano verschilt van die van de moderne piano: op de pianoforte … Lees „Un pianoforte“ door Chris Cander verkrijgbaar bij Rakuten Kobo. The soft pedal or una corda pedal is placed leftmost in the row of pedals. A real string vibrates at harmonics that are not perfect multiples of the fundamental. The Mandolin pedal used a similar approach, lowering a set of felt strips with metal rings in between the hammers and the strings (aka rinky-tink effect). Often, by replacing a great number of their parts, and adjusting them, old instruments can perform as well as new pianos. Some piano makers added variations to enhance the tone of each note, such as Pascal Taskin (1788),[19] Collard & Collard (1821), and Julius Blüthner, who developed Aliquot stringing in 1893. While the typical intended use for pedal pianos is to enable a keyboardist to practice pipe organ music at home, a few players of pedal piano use it as a performance instrument. Behalve voor het vertalen van woorden, kun je bij ons ook terecht voor synoniemen, puzzelwoorden, rijmwoorden, werkwoordvervoegingen en dialecten. Pianos have had pedals, or some close equivalent, since the earliest days. The very tall cabinet piano was introduced about 1805 and was built through the 1840s. The greater the inharmonicity, the more the ear perceives it as harshness of tone. Smaller grands satisfy the space and cost needs of domestic use; as well, they are used in some small teaching studios and smaller performance venues. Tension: All other factors the same, the tighter the wire, the higher the pitch. The superposition of reflecting waves results in a standing wave pattern, but only for wavelengths λ = 2L, L, .mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}2L/3, L/2, ... = 2L/n, where L is the length of the string. Modern upright and grand pianos attained their present, 2000-era forms by the end of the 19th century. Mass per unit length: All other factors the same, the thinner the wire, the higher the pitch. In addition, it alters the overall tone by allowing all strings, including those not directly played, to reverberate. The requirement of structural strength, fulfilled by stout hardwood and thick metal, makes a piano heavy. Piano strings (also called piano wire), which must endure years of extreme tension and hard blows, are made of high carbon steel. While improvements have been made in manufacturing processes, and many individual details of the instrument continue to receive attention, and a small number of acoustic pianos in the 2010s are produced with MIDI recording and digital sound module-triggering capabilities, the 19th century was the era of the most dramatic innovations and modifications of the instrument. ; Sistemo di agado pri privateso; Pri Wikivortaro [25] This instrument has a braceless back, and a soundboard positioned below the keys—meaning that long metal rods pulled on the levers to make the hammers strike the strings. Changes in musical styles and audience preferences over the 19th and 20th century, as well as the emergence of virtuoso performers, contributed to this evolution and to the growth of distinct approaches or schools of piano playing. A temperament system is also known as a set of "bearings". Some piano companies have included extra pedals other than the standard two or three. De verschillen tussen de klavecimbel, de pianoforte en de piano. Although this earned him some animosity from Silbermann, the criticism was apparently heeded. This can be useful for musical passages with low bass pedal points, in which a bass note is sustained while a series of chords changes over top of it, and other otherwise tricky parts. Buttare un pianoforte. George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue broke new musical ground by combining American jazz piano with symphonic sounds. Only about 60 Emánuel Moór Pianoforte were made, mostly manufactured by Bösendorfer. Fine piano tuning carefully assesses the interaction among all notes of the chromatic scale, different for every piano, and thus requires slightly different pitches from any theoretical standard. In a concert grand, however, the octave "stretch" retains harmonic balance, even when aligning treble notes to a harmonic produced from three octaves below. variazioni e un pianoforte meccanico (1986) è un brano popolare di Josje ter Haar & Job ter Haar & John Snijders \| Crea i tuoi video TikTok col brano variazioni e un pianoforte meccanico (1986) ed esplora 1 video creati da altri creator sia nuovi che famosi. In all but the lowest quality pianos the soundboard is made of solid spruce (that is, spruce boards glued together along the side grain). Cristofori named the instrument un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte ("a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud"), abbreviated over time as pianoforte, fortepiano, and later, simply, piano. [29] They must be connected to a keyboard amplifier and speaker to produce sound (however, some electronic keyboards have a built-in amp and speaker). There is a rare variant of piano that has double keyboards called the Emánuel Moór Pianoforte. : formal, archaic (musical instrument: piano): piano nm nombre masculino: Sustantivo de género exclusivamente masculino, que lleva los artículos el o un en singular, y los o unos en plural. They are informally called birdcage pianos because of their prominent damper mechanism. The Viennese makers similarly followed these trends; however the two schools used different piano actions: Broadwoods used a more robust action, whereas Viennese instruments were more sensitive. Un pianoforte diverso. Cristofori's new instrument remained relatively unknown until an Italian writer, Scipione Maffei, wrote an enthusiastic article about it in 1711, including a diagram of the mechanism, that was translated into German and widely distributed. [26] Abdallah Chahine later constructed his quartertone "Oriental piano" with the help of Austrian Hofmann.[27][28]. Pianoforte pe Antic Shop - Vinde / Cumpara gratuit pe Antic Shop, cel mai mare Magazin Antichitati Online, un Anticariat cu Tablouri vechi, Carti, Mobila veche, ine Wing and Son of New York offered a five-pedal piano from approximately 1893 through the 1920s. Pianos are used by composers doing film and television scoring, as the large range permits composers to try out melodies and bass lines, even if the music will be orchestrated for other instruments. Length: All other factors the same, the shorter the wire, the higher the pitch. Soutěžící mohou hrát z not. For earliest versions of the instrument only, see, A grand piano (left) and an upright piano (right), "Grand piano" redirects here. Anything taller than a studio piano is called an upright. Silbermann showed Johann Sebastian Bach one of his early instruments in the 1730s, but Bach did not like the instrument at that time, saying that the higher notes were too soft to allow a full dynamic range. By the 1820s, the center of piano innovation had shifted to Paris, where the Pleyel firm manufactured pianos used by Frédéric Chopin and the Érard firm manufactured those used by Franz Liszt. Many conductors are trained in piano, because it allows them to play parts of the symphonies they are conducting (using a piano reduction or doing a reduction from the full score), so that they can develop their interpretation. Upright pianos, also called vertical pianos, are more compact due to the vertical structure of the frame and strings. Each part produces a pitch of its own, called a partial. The other, rarer type, consists of two independent pianos (each with separate mechanics and strings) placed one above the other—one for the hands and one for the feet. These pianos are true pianos with action and strings. Bandleaders and choir conductors often learn the piano, as it is an excellent instrument for learning new pieces and songs to lead in performance. Rallegra i tuoi amici con canzoni stupende, accarezza i tasti e impara a suonare il piano in uno dei nostri tanti giochi di pianoforte online gratuiti! The Orchestral pedal produced a sound similar to a tremolo feel by bouncing a set of small beads dangling against the strings, enabling the piano to mimic a mandolin, guitar, banjo, zither and harp, thus the name Orchestral. The term temperament refers to a tuning system that tempers the just intervals (usually the perfect fifth, which has the ratio 3:2) to satisfy another mathematical property; in equal temperament, a fifth is tempered by narrowing it slightly, achieved by flattening its upper pitch slightly, or raising its lower pitch slightly. The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). With technological advances, amplified electric pianos (1929), electronic pianos (1970s), and digital pianos (1980s) have been developed. Eager to copy these effects, Theodore Steinway invented duplex scaling, which used short lengths of non-speaking wire bridged by the "aliquot" throughout much of the upper range of the piano, always in locations that caused them to vibrate sympathetically in conformity with their respective overtones—typically in doubled octaves and twelfths. The minipiano is an instrument patented by the Brasted brothers of the Eavestaff Ltd. piano company in 1934. Since the strings vibrate from the plate at both ends, an insufficiently massive plate would absorb too much of the vibrational energy that should go through the bridge to the soundboard. This gives the concert grand a brilliant, singing and sustaining tone quality—one of the principal reasons that full-size grands are used in the concert hall. Sensors record the movements of the keys, hammers, and pedals during a performance, and the system saves the performance data as a Standard MIDI File (SMF). The pinblock, which holds the tuning pins in place, is another area where toughness is important. The electric pianos that became most popular in pop and rock music in the 1960s and 1970s, such as the Fender Rhodes use metal tines in place of strings and use electromagnetic pickups similar to those on an electric guitar. Acest text este disponibil sub licența Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice; pot exista și clauze suplimentare.Vedeți detalii la Termenii de utilizare. Composite forged metal frames were preferred by many European makers until the American system was fully adopted by the early 20th century. According to Harold A. Conklin,[33] the purpose of a sturdy rim is so that, "... the vibrational energy will stay as much as possible in the soundboard instead of dissipating uselessly in the case parts, which are inefficient radiators of sound. https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortepiano_(instrument)&oldid=58108698, Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal zelfde link als op Wikidata, Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen, De klavecimbel is een tokkelinstrument. The purest combination of two pitches is when one is double the frequency of the other.[48]. The term A440 refers to a widely accepted frequency of this pitch – 440 Hz. [43] As with any other musical instrument, the piano may be played from written music, by ear, or through improvisation. De fortepiano werd een van de eerste keren ten gehore gebracht in Londen. Alternatively, a person can practice with headphones to avoid disturbing others. Did you know the word "sandwich" is named for a person? Recent Examples on the Web The Metropolitan Museum of Art This pianoforte, made in 1720, is the oldest surviving piano. This fourth pedal works in the same way as the soft pedal of an upright piano, moving the hammers closer to the strings. Gioca a Giochi di Pianoforte online come Piano Tiles 2, Dancing Line e Piano Virtuale 2.0. 21 Dicembre 2020; IN EVIDENZA / Senza categoria; Anche quest’anno eravamo pronti . Pipe organs have been used since antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches. A fortepiano [ˌfɔrteˈpjaːno] is an early piano.In principle, the word "fortepiano" can designate any piano dating from the invention of the instrument by Bartolomeo Cristofori around 1700 up to the early 19th century. First, the key raises the "wippen" mechanism, which forces the jack against the hammer roller (or knuckle). While the clavichord allows expressive control of volume and sustain, it is relatively quiet. On grand pianos, the middle pedal is a sostenuto pedal. La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 3.0 Neadaptita; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas.Vidu la uzkondiĉojn por detaloj. A large number of composers and songwriters are proficient pianists because the piano keyboard offers an effective means of experimenting with complex melodic and harmonic interplay of chords and trying out multiple, independent melody lines that are played at the same time. Most modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, 52 white keys for the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A and B) and 36 shorter black keys, which are raised above the white keys, and set further back on the keyboard. Electronic pianos are non-acoustic; they do not have strings, tines or hammers, but are a type of synthesizer that simulates or imitates piano sounds using oscillators and filters that synthesize the sound of an acoustic piano. "Instrument: piano et forte genandt"—a reference to the instrument's ability to play soft and loud—was an expression that Bach used to help sell the instrument when he was acting as Silbermann's agent in 1749.[13]. Wadia Sabra had a microtone piano manufactured by Pleyel in 1920. The single piece cast iron frame was patented in 1825 in Boston by Alpheus Babcock,[16] combining the metal hitch pin plate (1821, claimed by Broadwood on behalf of Samuel Hervé) and resisting bars (Thom and Allen, 1820, but also claimed by Broadwood and Érard). That’s right, the lunchbox special enveloping all food groups between two slices of bread is named for the 4th Earl of Sandwich, an English aristocrat who lived in the 1700s. Reciclo fatto con un pianoforte fermo in cantina. "Giraffe pianos", "pyramid pianos" and "lyre pianos" were arranged in a somewhat similar fashion, using evocatively shaped cases. When the key is released the damper falls back onto the strings, stopping the wire from vibrating, and thus stopping the sound. This is the shortest cabinet that can accommodate a full-sized action located above the keyboard. This drops a piece of felt between the hammers and strings, greatly muting the sounds. The term fortepiano now distinguishes these early instruments (and modern re-creations) from later pianos. The rate of beating is equal to the frequency differences of any harmonics that are present for both pitches and that coincide or nearly coincide. Silbermann's pianos were virtually direct copies of Cristofori's, with one important addition: Silbermann invented the forerunner of the modern sustain pedal, which lifts all the dampers from the strings simultaneously. Indicație dinamică* prin care se cere o trecere bruscă de la piano* la forte*. During the 19th century, American musicians playing for working-class audiences in small pubs and bars, particularly African-American composers, developed new musical genres based on the modern piano. This produces a slightly softer sound, but no change in timbre. More recently, manufacturer Stuart & Sons created a piano with 108 keys, going from C0 to B8, covering nine full octaves. The pedals may play the existing bass strings on the piano, or rarely, the pedals may have their own set of bass strings and hammer mechanisms. The design also featured a special fourth pedal that coupled the lower and upper keyboard, so when playing on the lower keyboard the note one octave higher also played. They sent pianos to both Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven, and were the first firm to build pianos with a range of more than five octaves: five octaves and a fifth during the 1790s, six octaves by 1810 (Beethoven used the extra notes in his later works), and seven octaves by 1820. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. Although technique is often viewed as only the physical execution of a musical idea, many pedagogues and performers stress the interrelatedness of the physical and mental or emotional aspects of piano playing. Digital pianos are also non-acoustic and do not have strings or hammers. Soutěžící ve čtyřruční, šestiruční, víceruční hře a ve hře na dva klavíry soutěží ve společné kategorii. In uprights this action is not possible; instead the pedal moves the hammers closer to the strings, allowing the hammers to strike with less kinetic energy. The pianos of Mozart's day had a softer tone than 21st century pianos or English pianos, with less sustaining power. Grand pianos range in length from approximately 1.5 meters (4 ft 11 in) to 3 meters (9 ft 10 in). The use of a Capo d’Astro bar instead of agraffes in the uppermost treble allowed the hammers to strike the strings in their optimal position, greatly increasing that area's power. There are three factors that influence the pitch of a vibrating wire. … Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 24 noiembrie 2019, ora 18:00. When the key is struck, a chain reaction occurs to produce the sound. Modern pianos have two basic configurations, the grand piano and the upright piano, with various styles of each. [5] Most notes have three strings, except for the bass, which graduates from one to two. New techniques and rhythms were invented for the piano, including ostinato for boogie-woogie, and Shearing voicing. For example, the Imperial Bösendorfer has nine extra keys at the bass end, giving a total of 97 keys and an eight octave range.
Backyard Greenhouse Basics Having a greenhouse in one’s own backyard is a hobby that will provide hours of enjoyment -or work, depending on how the challenges of gardening are viewed. For those with dreams of spending days blissfully working in the garden or greenhouse they may be in for a rude awakening once the greenhouse kit arrives and they realize the amount of work that goes into maintaining a successful greenhouse. Like most hobbies there can be moments of sheer frustration but the reward can definitely outweigh the effort. Knowing the basics of owning a greenhouse can save the gardener multiple trips to the garden store and save many unsuspecting plants’ lives. Before the beginner greenhouse owner wastes money on plants that will die if the greenhouse is not set up properly, he or she should take the time to learn a little about the ins and outs of greenhouses. Greenhouses create mini ecosystems. Much like the larger system we know as our planet, heat from the sun becomes trapped and gives rise to the warm temperatures needed for plants to grow. The sunlight, heat, moisture, nutrient, and gas levels must all be within certain ranges to keep the plants healthy and growing. A backyard greenhouse will need things like sunlight, ventilation, heaters, and an irrigation system for it to be a success. Let’s start with the creation of the greenhouse itself. The site of the greenhouse should be a sunny location in the yard. The plants need the light to grow and to keep the climate within warm enough. The size of the greenhouse will depend on the gardener’s budget. It’s easy to fill up a greenhouse so buying as large as one can afford would be wise- it’s hard to expand or put an addition onto a greenhouse. greenhouse air conditioner For the most part no foundation is needed, but if the greenhouse is intended to be a permanent structure then a gravel floor is nice. Concrete or pavers can also be used, but a means for drainage will be needed- so gravel is usually the best bet. Also if concrete is used make sure the floor has some texture as it will often be wet and slippery. Greenhouse kits make it easy to build the actual structure. Getting the measurements and dimensions correct when building the greenhouse from scratch can make for a frustrating weekend or two. The greenhouse needs to be properly sealed and able to withstand the local weather. Kits can be bought online and come in several sizes. If the local weather doesn’t include snow then cheaper polyethylene film greenhouses will do just fine. If snow and extreme weather take place during certain times of the year then a polycarbonate greenhouse will be a better choice. Most of the polycarbonate greenhouse kits have frames that allow the panels to snap right in making assembly a breeze. Once the greenhouse is assembled the work is not over yet. Those who live in climates with cold winters will need to provide heat during those months so that the temperature inside the greenhouse never goes below forty degrees or so- depending on the type of plants being grown. Low cost heating systems with thermostats can be installed or for those looking to reduce costs even more; a good old-fashioned thermometer, space heater and daily monitoring can also work. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published.
Key to Umbria: Spello The Collegio Vitale Rosi was established in the 19th century to the north in Largi Mazzini. This was the site of the ancient Oratorio di San Giacomo and an adjacent hospice. The hospice closed in 1571 but the oratory remained in use until 1773, when it was deconsecrated. It now forms part of the the Biblioteca Comunale Giacomo Prampolini. Seminario San Felice (1611-1832) Bishop Cardinal Maffeo Barberini of Spoleto (the future Pope Urban VIII) established the Seminario San Felice in 1611. It occupied part of the Rocca Baglioni from 1620, a fact commemorated in the naming of Via Seminario Vecchio, which runs along the side of the Rocca. The seminary moved to this location in 1821, and received the goods of the extinct Monastero della Povera Vita in 1628. It was destroyed in the earthquake of 1832. Collegio Vitale Rosi (1869-1959) The seminary was rebuilt and re-opened in 1869 as the Collegio Vitale Rosi, under the direction of the Somaschi Fathers. It was named for Vitale Rosi (1782-1851), the so-called Socrates of Umbria. The college also acquired the nearby Palazzo Urbani in 1940. The college had a summer residence for its inmates in the Villa Fidelia: there is a fresco of the villa in the college [where ??]. The college closed in 1959 and the complex was adapted as a primary school. Part of it passed into private ownership in 1990. The Biblioteca Comunale Giacomo Prampolini (mentioned above) moved here in 2007. Return to Monuments of Spello. Return to Nunneries of Spello. Return to Walk I. Collegio Vitale Rosi (1869) Umbria: Home Cities History Art Hagiography Contact Spello: Home History Saints Art Walks Monuments Museums
A Composer for Every Country: Liberia Liberia, like Sierra Leone, is a country of two populations - the native indigenous tribes, and people descended from freed slaves who came to the area during the 19th century. In this case, the freedmen were settlers from the American Colonization Society. Founded by Robert Finley, the basic idea was to encourage free African-Americans to go to Africa. If your reaction is "That sounds dumb and is probably racist," well... That was kind of the reaction of just about everybody else at the time. Opposed by both African Americans, who had lived in the US for generations and didn't want to leave, and abolitionists, who quickly learned that the Society's motives had more to do with preempting slave riots than finding a workable solution to the end of slavery. In the words of Gerrit Smith, "This Colonization Society had, by an invisible process, half conscious, half unconscious, been transformed into a serviceable organ and member of the Slave Power." Still, some 15,000 freed African Americans and 3,100 Afro-Caribbeans were settled in what would become Liberia. They created a flag resembling the US flag and drafted a constitution modeled on the US Constitution. Joseph Jenkins Roberts was elected the first President. Missionaries began to go forth and spread the gospel. Things were looking ok, but you might be wondering, "Sure, this sounds fine for the settlers, but how did the locals take all of this?" The answer can be summarized thus: poorly. It turns out, the settlers brought more than their government's structure with them, they also brought US attitudes towards Native tribes with them. The Kru and Grebo peoples, in particular, reacted rather violently as the new Liberian government dispossessed natives of their land and excluded them from birthright citizenship. Indigenous tribes would not be granted citizenship until 1904. Who were the Kru? As a tribe, they are indigenous to the eastern Liberia area, but they had also migrated and settled to various areas up and down the West African coast. More than anything, they were known for their sailing and nautical abilities. This made them valuable to European colonizers and slave traders, who often hired Kru onto their ships to act as navigators and sailors. The Kru, for their part, leveraged their expertise to stay free, and even developing facial tattoos to mark themselves as Kru to prevent capture by slavers. Since the early 1900's, the Kru have been one of three large indigenous groups of political sway, the other two being the Krahn and the Mano peoples. More recently, Liberia has suffered two civil wars, the first lasting from 1989 to 1997, the second from 1999 to 2003. The inter-war years saw Liberia become a pariah state under the leadership of Charles Taylor who helped fund the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone's own civil war. I haven't gone too far into reading about this time period, but a lot of the strife leading up to 1989 had to do with the Cold War and reactions to corruption brought by US financial backing of the People's Redemption Council in 1980, along with inter-tribal conflict between the Kru ad Krahn. Coming on up to today, Liberia is again fully democratic in its election process, and has most recently elected former football striker George Weah in 2017. --- --- --- Music in Liberia is influenced greatly by gbema, which is local traditional music, and various strands of Western religious and popular music. One particularly popular genre is highlife, originating in Ghana and traveling along the West Coast in the 1950's. My reading suggests that while highlife is still played regularly, it's on the old-fashioned side of things. The younger generations have been more into a Liberian brand of hip-hop called hipco, or just co for short. Developing through the two civil wars and becoming increasingly popular since 2000 or so, hipco is full of social and political commentary, with lyrics directed at corruption and economic inequalities. While the lyrics are mostly delivered in English, rappers fold a local dialect called Kolokwa (hence "co") into the flow. Our composer of the day is hipco artist Takun J (b.1981). Born in Monrovia, he lived with his mother and three sisters through both civil wars and started singing professionally when he was 17, releasing the single "We'll Spay You" in 2005. After relocating to refugee camps in Ghana and the Ivory Coast for a time, he returned to Liberia and released his first album The Time which spoke against corruption in the Liberian National Police. He was promptly arrested and beaten, but he soldiered on. The track I will share, "They Lie to Us," draws on his biggest musical influences, Bob Marley in particular. It's message and intent is crystal clear, and speaks for itself. A Composer for Every Country: Sierra Leone Continuing south down the West African coast from Guinea is Sierra Leone. Like Guinea, Sierra Leone is quite ethnically diverse, with sixteen different groups. The Temne and the Mende people form the largest percent of the population, each being about a third of the total. One ethnic group stands out compared to Guinea: the Krio. This group of people is the result of Sierra Leone's curious history as a British protectorate, and to understand where they come from we have to go back to the American Revolution. You see, it turns out that chattel slavery is not just morally reprehensible and probably economically disadvantageous in the long run. It also causes national security problems (slave owners knew this, of course, given the universal fear of slave riots breaking out). So when the American Revolution started, a not insignificant portion of slaves joined the British army, some joining because, seriously, screw the slave owners, but many joining because the British promised emancipation. After the war, the British lived up to their promises of compensation for the loyalty of these now-former slaves and relocated them to Nova Scotia. That didn't last long because it turned out there were just as many froth in the mouth racists in Nova Scotia as there was any other place on the continent, and that suddenly transplanting large groups of people from one location to another naturally causes friction. At the same time, a number of freedmen had been relocated to England, with somewhat similar results. There was a big to-do about what to do with their "Black Poor," and, seeing that their plan to relocate certain sections of the British population to Australia was starting to really pay dividends, the British government proposed a solution the logic of which would make Patrick Star proud: they decided to take the freedmen from Nova Scotia, and the "Black Poor" (who, lets be clear, were also freedmen) and put them somewhere else. That somewhere else happened to be Sierra Leon. Sierra Leon continued to be the location of choice for sending people liberated from slave ships throughout the 19th century. Due to the nature of the slave trade, the Liberated Africans came from all manner of locations and ethnicities. The end result was a new creole ethnicity, or "Krio," as they came to be known in Sierra Leone. Somehow, despite making up only about 2% of the population, the Krio language became the lingua franca, spoken by almost every ethnic group even though English is technically the official language. Like every African country, there's more to say about Sierra Leone than its history with colonialism, but the downside of writing about a new country every week is to sacrifice some depth for breadth. More recently, Sierra Leone has been wracked by civil war and the outbreak of ebola and now the novel coronavirus. That said, the country is doing somewhat better than some of the other countries I've covered so far, at least as far as economics are concerned. That growth is tenuous, though, and a lot will have to go right to stabilize the country. --- --- --- --- Today's composer is Asadata Dafora (1890-1965). I say "composer," but that really sells the guy short. He was also a dancer, choreographer, and operatic concert singer. He was born to a wealthy family in Freetown, where his father, John Warner M. Horton, was city treasurer. In 1929, Mr. Dafora went to New York. Given the Great Depression, it wasn't the best timing, but his talents as a musician and dancer eventually saw him through to success and the founding of his dance troupe, the Shogolo Oloba. Asadata Dafora also had a remarkably productive collaboration with Orson Welles, performing in Welles' all-Black production of Macbeth, as well as co-authoring a radio play called Trangama-Fanga. Mr. Dafora's magnum opus, Kykunkor, is a dance/opera telling the story of a bridegroom who is cursed by a witch doctor and her groom's attempts to lift the curse. The opera was a literal overnight success, it's afternoon audience of 60 or so attracting so many people for the evening performance the concert venue had to turn people away (this may be exaggeration, because the numbers don't quite add up, but it's hardly my place to throw away a good story). Unfortunately, I cannot find any recording of the work. In fact, I can hardly find any recording of anything Dafora wrote. But I did find this performance of his solo dance, Awassa Astrige/Ostrich, composed and choreographed in 1932. Dafora is a really intriguing figure I had no knowledge of. It seems his legacy lives much more strongly in the world of ballet, where his work laid the foundation for future Black dancers and choreographers to be taken seriously in a (still) largely white profession. I hope his work sees a revival, because it sounds super interesting, and if it's even half as good as Awassa Astrige, it will still be worth revisiting. A Composer for Every Country: Guinea-Bissau Continuing along the coast, south of Senegal, is Guinea-Bissau. From Morocco down to Senegal, colonial French influence was very strong, but Guinea-Bissau was colonized by the Portuguese in the mid- to late-15th century in an attempt to control the gold trade, largely controlled by Morocco at the time. Before the Europeans arrived, Guinea-Bissau was part of the kingdom of Kaabu, part of the larger Mali Empire. I'm just now realizing this is the first time I've brought up pre-colonial geopolitics. The Mali empire lasted from about 1235-1670. Much of what we know about the empire comes from North African Arab historian Ibn Khaldun, Moroccan travelers Ibn Battuta and Leo Africanus, as well as from local griots passing the history down through oral traditions. At its height, the Mali empire stretched from the Atlantic coast in Mauritania, down to include Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau, inland into Mali (obviously), and out into parts of what is today Niger. If you, like me, are curious about the histories of places, you might be frustrated, like me, to find that Wikipedia articles tend to start discussion of the histories of West African countries at the time they were colonized, with a brief mention of pre-colonial times. Unfortunately, there aren't continuous written records of the area, and those accounts often conflict with what is told through oral traditions. I can't help but suspect this absence of historical account is exacerbated by unconscious bias creating a blind spot in what counts as "history," but that's a whole other blog I'm not qualified to write. ANYWHOSOMES. Guinea-Bissau, ecologically, is a really intriguing place. Off the coast are the Bissagos Islands, and the coast itself is a mesh of waterways spilling out from the Geba River, creating a marshy area well suited to rice and cashew growing, as well as a number of mangrove swamps. As for the people, Guinea-Bissau is very ethnically diverse, including Fula and Mandika speaking peoples, Balanta and Papel, Manjaca and Mancanha. I unfortunately hadn't the time to delve into all of them, but one thing seems to unite the country. Well. Two, maybe. First, Independence Day on September 10, 1974, the date the country separated from Portugal. And second: Carnival. Everyone knows of Rio de Janeiro's Carnival, of course, but Guinea-Bissau celebrates the festival as well. That's a lot to pack into such a tiny country, but West Africa's history, particularly its recent (past 400 years or so) history, was one of much social upheaval with the arrival of European nations. --- --- --- My composer for today is Karyna Gomes (I can't for the life of me find her date of birth. Sometime in the late-60's/early-70's I would guess? Maybe?). Born in Guinea-Bissau, she grew up with music all around her. In an interview, she said that her family, her neighbors, her culture needed little reason to start a party or to start singing. At 21, she moved to São Paulo, Brazil, and began working with musicians there to create a fusion of the music she learned and loved growing up with Latin genres. Today, she tours globally, and has one album titled Mindjer, which won two Best Singer prizes in Guinea-Bissau. A Composer for Every Country: Guinea Guinea stands separate from Guinea-Bissau because Guinea was colonized by the French, while Guinea-Bissau was colonized by the Portuguese. Something I learned from reading about Guinea which hadn't popped up yet is the collapse of the French Fourth Republic in 1958. The founding of the 5th Republic saw Charles de Gaulle (of World War II fame) basically told the West African colonies: stay with us, or else. Guinea, under the leadership of Ahmed Sékou Touré, voted for independence by referendum and found out the "or else" part of the ultimatum. The French settlers pulled out of Guinea in a two month time frame, displaying just about the ultimate in human pettiness in the process. As The Washington Post reports, French "unscrewed lightbulbs, removed plans for sewage pipelines in Conakry, and even burned medicines." Politics within Guinea after that became... complicated. Touré aligned the country with the Soviet Union, which, you know, makes a certain statement in the 20th century, and advocated a combination of socialism and Pan-Africanism. As you might surmise, this led to a certain degree of conflict considering the country was surrounded by countries still occupied by European powers. Not least was Guinea-Bissau, through which Portugal launched a kind of proxy war in an attempt to remove Touré from power. The Portuguese ultimately retreated after freeing a number of political prisoners. Before you go feeling bad for Touré, though, know that he followed that conflict with a huge purge, killing almost 50,000 Guineans and arresting and torturing many others. At the bigger picture, there are three main ethnicities which hold the most political power now: the Mandinka, the Fula, and Soussou. There are quite a number of smaller ethnic groups which tend not to be well represented in the government. Though French is the official language, some 24 languages are spoken across the country. Religiously, the people are mostly Muslim, with a minority of Christians and indigenous traditional religions making up the rest. --- --- --- --- The composer I have picked for today is Mory Kanté (1950-2020). He was kind of a big deal, and I'm not just being facetious. I mean, I am a little, but seriously, his album, Akwaba Beach (1987), was the best selling African record of its time. Please do take a moment to remember Africa is a continent, not a country, to get a sense of how big that album was. One song in particular, "Yé ké yé ké," also became a number 1 hit song in Europe. It was the first African single to sell over a million copies in Europe. Mr. Kanté was born into a Mandinka griot family. His father, El Hadj Djeli Fodé Kanté, and his mother, Fatouma Kamissoko, were among the most famous griot families of the early 20th century. Mr. Kanté also learned kora, balafon (relative of the marimba), and griot singing in Mali. In addition to being influenced by Islamic music, he became known as "The Electric Griot" for incorporating electric instruments and various pop and electronic dance styles into his traditional song writing. Every country I read about, I find something surprising about how connected the world is. In this case, Mory Kanté's songs were the inspiration for at least two Indian Bollywood songs: "Tamma Tamma" and "Jumma Chumma." Mory Kanté died of complications from various chronic health issues. Unfortunately, it was lack of medical care that did him in. He had been receiving treatment in France, but the outbreak of COVID-19 overwhelmed hospitals and he could no longer get adequate treatment for his illnesses. It is a story I am sure we will learn is all too common in 2020. Canon in the Smelting Pot: Takemitsu Toru I was rewatching My Neighbor Totoro for the umpteenth time recently. My SO had requested to see it, and that's not a request you just turn down. Because Totoro. Seriously, have you seen it? It's so cute! Λ Λ ( O ) Anyways. We were watching, and there's a scene where the two kids are standing next to a Jizo statue, and my SO makes an off-hand comment that the statue was kind of creepy. Granted, the way Jizo statues are presented visually is pretty ominous looking, especially the ones near the end. But Jizo himself is far from a creepy figure in Japanese culture. He is a bodhisatva, one who has obtained enlightenment but declines to enter Nirvana to help others obtain freedom from suffering. Primarily, Jizo is a protector of children. The statues are all over the place in Japan, especially near temples, but also along roads and walkways because he also protects travelers. Granted, Jizo does have a darker side to his story: children who die before their parents are unable to reach Nirvana, and instead are condemned to pile rocks on the side of the river of the dead as penance for making their parents suffer. Jizo goes to the riverbank to protect the children from wandering devils, hiding them in his robes until the devils go away. Not exactly light-hearted stuff you'd expect in a children's movie, but there it is. Can't exactly wish it away, especially since confronting death is a primary theme of the movie. Miyazaki don't pull punches. After my SO's reaction to a very common and what I can only imagine is a welcome figure in Japanese culture, it led me to wonder how many other visual symbols pass over the heads of American audiences when watching the film. The Jizo statues, divine yoshiro trees, references to Shinto purification rituals... There's a lot in there which is very Japan specific, and while great credit must go to team Ghibli for crafting a truly universal story, a great deal of the iconography is lost on American audiences. Heck, the quandary can be generalized to any literature crossing from one culture to another. Symbols that are taken for granted, or have a particular emotional resonance to them, are in danger of being completely overlooked or misunderstood. I bring this up in a music blog because the same thing absolutely applies to music from other cultures. It even applies to music of the official Western Canon, hallowed be its name. When is the last time you heard hunting horn calls outside of a concert hall? You may be able to recognize them intellectually, but that is a rather different thing than growing up with the sound emblazoned in your ears, filling your head with fantasies of the hunt and all its attendant luxury. Because remember... nobles owned the hunting grounds, and common people could be put to death for poaching the prey of the upper class... --- --- --- Takemitsu Toru could be considered part of the Classical Canon, I suppose, but surely not in the same way as Beethoven. I was curious and checked the NYPhil's program archives, and the last time Takemitsu's music was performed was back in 2015. Before that, Takemitsu's music wasn't really performed regularly by the NY Philharmonic, with the exception of Seiji Ozawa's appearances as guest conductor from the 60's-70's. A far cry from the obligatory litany of Beethoven symphonies that are performed everytime Beethoven's birthday rolls around. Or even when it's not Beethoven's birthday. Right. So Takemitsu is known primarily as a figure in the 20th century avant-garde. It's curious. I wrote a research paper focused on Takemitsu in 2007, and all the papers I read made it sound like Takemitsu's great achievement was synthesizing traditional Japanese music with European music, a seemless integration and assimilation of disparate parts, a triumph of globalism transcending cultural boundaries. But that's not how Takemitsu talks about his music. Rather, he talks about his music in the language of Zen koans, in which the juxtaposition of irreconcilably different pieces defies logical interpretation, forcing one's consciousness into pure experience. Hardly sounds like "assimilation" or "integration" to me. Also, every essay I've read focuses, naturally, on his music. That makes sense. But many of them mention, totally in passing!, that Takemitsu was also... a celebrity chef. He also wrote a Lovecraftian detective novel which he insists is untranslatable. Now. Excuse me when I ask, why oh why has nobody studied how Takemitsu ended up as a celebrity chef, of all things? It is easily the most interesting part of his biography! And why can't I buy his book? Come on, Simon & Schuster! Get on it! Ah well. Like all things crossing time and space, so many things are lost in translation...
The Born Interpretation The fundamental equation of quantum mechanics is the Schroedinger equation. It was introduced as a wave equation which did not contradict the relation between the energy and the momentum of a particle in classical mechanics. As a result, the wave function became a complex function. This looked quite strange, because using a complex number for a physical quantity could not be accepted. Then, what does the wave function mean? As for the interpretation of the wave function,various ideas were proposed. Among them,the probability interpretation proposed by Born has been accepted to be the most orthodox, and quantum mechanics is constructed on the basis of this interpretation. Suppose a small volumewith three edges ofandat a coordinate pointin a three-dimensional space. Let the probability that a particle will be found in this volume at timebeThe functionis considered as the probability in the unit volume in the neighbourhood of the pointand is sometimes called the probability density. This however does not mean that the particle e.g. an electron, exists in a form of a particle or corpuscle and this particle moves in accordance with the degree of probability. An electron is neither mere particle nor mere wave. An electron exists in both particle and wave states. The word probability used above denotes the chance that the particle will be found in the volumewhen it is detected. Born's probability interpretation claims that the probability density that a particle will be found is equal to the square of the absolute value of the wave function. Namely, the probability that the particle will be found in the small volumeshown in the above figure is considered to be Although the wave function is a complex number in general, the square of the absolute value of it is always positive (or zero), and we have no difficulty. Add comment Security code
1 Introduction The purpose of this article is to describe the fundamentals of RF and microwave transformers and to provide guidelines to users in selecting proper transformer to suit their applications. It is limited to core-and-wire and LTCC transformers. 2 What is a Transformer A transformer is a passive device that “transforms” or converts a given impedance, voltage or current to another desired value. In addition, it can also provide DC isolation, common mode rejection, and conversion of balanced impedance to unbalanced or vice versa, as explained later. Transformers come in a variety of types; our focus is on transformers used in RF and Microwave signal applications. Essentially, an RF transformer consists of two or more windings linked by a mutual magnetic field. When one winding, the primary has an AC voltage applied to it, a varying flux is developed; the amplitude of the flux is dependent on the applied current and number of turns in the winding. Mutual flux linked to the secondary winding induces a voltage whose amplitude depends on the number of turns in the secondary winding. By designer’s choice of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings, a desired step-up or step-down voltage/current/impedance ratio can be realized. 3 Why are Transformers Needed Transformers are used for1 : • Impedance matching to achieve maximum power transfer between two devices. • Voltage/current step-up or step-down. • DC isolation between circuits while affording efficient AC transmission. • Interfacing between balanced and unbalanced circuits; example: push-pull amplifiers, ICs with balanced input such as A to D converters. • Common mode rejection in balanced architectures. 4 How are They Made An RF transformer usually contains two or more insulated copper wires twisted together and wound around or inside a core, magnetic or non-magnetic. Depending on design and performance requirements, the core can be binocular as in Figure 1, toroid (doughnut shaped) as in Figure 2 etc. Wires are welded or soldered to the metal termination pads or pins on the base. The core and wire ensemble is housed in a plastic, ceramic or metal case. Ideal Transformer At low frequencies, an alternating current applied to one winding (primary) creates a timevarying magnetic flux, which induces a voltage in another (secondary). At high frequencies, the inter-winding capacitance and magnet wire inductance form a transmission line which helps propagate the electromagnetic wave from primary to secondary. The combination of magnetic coupling and transmission line propagation helps the transformer to achieve outstanding operating bandwidths (1:10000 or more). Figure 3 shows ideal circuit of a simplified two-winding transformer. Figure 3: Transformer equivalent circuit. 6 Dot Convention of Ideal Transformer If at the dotted end of the primary winding the voltage is positive with respect to the undotted end, then the voltage at the dotted end of the secondary is also positive with respect to the un-dotted end as shown in Figure 4. Also, if primary current flows into dotted end of the primary winding, current flows out of the dotted end of secondary winding (at low frequencies, neglecting the small insertion phase, current I1 entering the dot at primary is in phase with current I2 exiting the dot). Figure 4: Transformers showing dot convention with respect to voltage and current direction. In Figure 4, N1 and N2 are number of turns and V1 and V2 are voltages at the primary and secondary respectively. 7 Transformer Equations Faraday’s law of induction states that, the voltage V induced in a coil is equal to the change of magnetic flux linkages NΦ with respect to time. Based on the above, transformer equations shown above are derived. It states that the output voltage (V2) is equal to turns ratio (n) times the input voltage (V1). It also states that, output current (I2) is input current (I1) divided by the turns ratio and output impedance (Z2) is input impedance (Z1) multiplied by the square of the turns ratio. For example; if n=2 and Z1=50Ω: I2=I1/2 and 8 What is a Balun? Before defining what a balun is, we need to define balanced and unbalanced impedances. A balanced two-terminal impedance has neither of its terminals connected to ground, whereas an unbalanced impedance has one its terminals connected to ground; see Figure 5. By definition, a balun is a device which transforms balanced impedance to unbalanced and vice versa. In addition, Baluns can provide impedance transformation, thus the name Balun Transformer. Most transformers can be used as baluns, an example of the same is shown in Figure 6. Figure 5: Balun. Figure 6: Transformer can function as a Balun. 9 Applications of Transformers/Baluns-Example 9.1 Common Mode Rejection One of the most common applications of a balun is for common-mode signal rejection. To illustrate common mode rejection properties of a balun, let us use as an example a dual amplifier in cascade with a 1:1 transformer (balun). It is assumed in this example that the S-parameters of the dual amplifiers are identical and the balun is ideal. When two signals VDI of equal magnitude but opposite polarity (differential signals), are applied to the inputs of a dual amplifier, they are amplified and appear at the output as two signals of equal magnitude (VDO) but opposite polarity as shown in Figure 7. These signals are combined in T1 (1:1 Balun) and result in a signal of magnitude 2VDO. When two signals VCI of equal magnitude and same polarity (common mode signals) are applied to the inputs of a dual amplifier, they are amplified and appear at the output as two signals of equal magnitude (VCO) and of same polarity as shown in Figure 8. These signals are combined in T1 (balun), where they cancel and result in a signal of magnitude 0V at output of T1. Figure 7: Dual amplifier excited by different signals. Figure 8: Dual amplifier excited by common mode signals. In reality, both unwanted common mode and wanted differential signals are applied to the input of dual amplifier as shown in Figure 9. A balun does a wonderful job of rejecting the common mode signal and combining the differential mode signals. To illustrate the benefits of common mode rejection in a balun, let us take two examples; a PC board having single ended devices (such as amplifiers, mixers etc.) interconnected with unshielded transmission lines such as microstrip and a PC board having balanced devices interconnected with unshielded transmission lines. In case (i) any in-band interfering signal, such as radiation from adjacent circuits, is added to the desired signal and there is no way of separating the wanted from the unwanted. This results in degradation of system performance such as signal-to-noise ratio. In case (ii), the interfering signal is of equal amplitude (due to close proximity) on both lines feeding a balanced device. When the output of such balanced device is converted into single ended by using a balun, the interfering signal, which is common mode in nature, is rejected. In an ideal balun, signals appearing at the output of balanced ports are of equal amplitude and differ in phase by 180º. In reality, even in a well designed balun/transformer, there is a small amplitude and phase unbalance. Amplitude unbalance is difference in amplitude (in dB) and phase unbalance is deviation from 180º phase, in degrees. A well designed transformer might have 0.1 dB amplitude and 1º phase unbalance in the mid-band. Unbalance results in common mode rejection being finite instead of nearly infinite. 9.2 Push-Pull Amplifiers Even-order harmonic suppression, which is a big deal in wideband Cable TV application ~3 dB higher Pout & IP3 than a single device. Wideband communication systems have signals occupying multi-octave frequency range. For example, CATV signals occupy 50-1000 MHz range, which is more than four octaves. Such signals when amplified in conventional amplifiers can be distorted due to the second order products generated inside the amplifier. For example, second harmonic of 50 MHz signal is 100 MHz, so also second harmonic of 400 MHz which is 800 MHz and both are within the band. An ideal push-pull amplifier can cancel the internally generated products and preserve the signal quality. Figure 10 shows a simplified schematic of such an amplifier. It consists of two baluns and two identical amplifiers. When a signal is applied to the input of the first balun (Balun #1), the output signal from the same balun consists of two signals of equal amplitude and out of phase. These signals are amplified combined in output balun (Balun #2). Figure 10: Simplified schematic of a push-pull amplifier. The gain of a push-pull amplifier is same as that of an individual amplifier, whereas the output power is twice that of an individual amplifier. Push-pull connection is frequently used for combining power of individual amplifiers. An additional benefit, push-pull amplifiers cancel even-order harmonics, as even-order harmonics are in-phase. An example is shown in Figure 11 for second harmonic. Same is true for other even order products falling within the operating bandwidth of the transformer. Figure 11: Even-order harmonics cancelled in push-pull amplifier. As an example, Mini-Circuits HELA-10+ consists of a pair of amplifiers. As they are on the same chip, their gain and phase are very well matched. If a balanced signal is applied to the input of the HELA-10+ then the output is also balanced. By using a set of baluns (or transformers) at the input and output a single ended input is first converted into a balanced signal in T1, amplified in HELA-10, and combined in the transformer T2 to produce a single-ended output. IP2 of such an amplifier is in excess of 87 dBm. Figure 12 shows a push-pull amplifier using transistors. Base biasing is applied through center tap of T1 and collectors through T2. Configurations A,B and F can be used for this application. By using blocking caps, at input, configuration H can be used. 9.3 Power Splitter 180º Output signals of an ideal transformer are of equal magnitude and of opposite phase as shown in Figure 13 and hence can be used as a 180° splitter. Figure 13: 180° splitter. 9.4 Double Balanced Mixer In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of 1:4 baluns/transformers and a diode quad. Center tap of the LO transformer is grounded and center tap of the RF balun (right) is used for extracting IF (Figure 14). 9.5 Converting Single Ended to Balanced Many ICs available in the market have balanced input/output terminals. When such ICs have to be interfaced with unbalanced circuits, transformers/baluns are used. Example of the same is shown in Figure 15. 10 Transformer Configurations Transformer configurations can be broadly classified as: Conventional; core-and-wire based(Configurations A,B,C,D,F) Transmission line; core-and-wire and LTCC (Configuration G,H,K) Marchand; LTCC (Configuration J) See Table 1 for the schematics, frequency of operation, impedance ratio, important electrical parameters and applications Conventional transformers made of core-and-wire optionally have center tap on primary or secondary or on both sides and are limited to an upper frequency of 2 GHz. Most configurations have DC isolation from primary to secondary. Transmission line type transformers using core-and-wire operate to 3 GHz and using LTCC to 5 GHz or higher and do not have DC isolation from primary to secondary. External blocking capacitors are needed to realize isolation. Marchand (named after the inventor) transformers operate to 6 GHz and higher and are realized in LTCC form and have DC isolation from primary to secondary. Selection of a transformer for an application can often be confusing and sometimes results in the wrong choice. The following guidelines attempt to clarify the options and state the benefits of various configurations. For impedance matching (unbalanced to unbalanced) applications; choose auto transformer (Configuration –D), in general it provides lowest insertion loss. For balun applications, choose a balun with center tap on balanced side as it provides excellent amplitude and phase balance (Configurations A, B, H, J). For balanced to balanced transformation, choose a transformer with center tap on both primary and secondary (Configuration B, L) as it provides excellent amplitude and phase balance on both sides. For DC isolation between primary and secondary, do not choose transmission line configurations (G, H, K,). If needed; add DC blocking caps to isolate primary and secondary. 11 Characteristics of Transformers 11.1 Insertion Loss Figure 16 shows the insertion loss of a core-and-wire transformer. The low-end loss is heavily influenced by the primary inductance while the high-end loss is attributed to the losses in inter-winding capacitance, and series inductance. The permeability of a magnetic core is influenced by temperature. As the temperature decreases, permeability decreases causing an increase in the insertion loss at low frequency. Figure 17 shows the insertion loss of an LTCC transformer. Note the insertion loss is low over the entire band as the losses in ceramic are minimal and variation with temperature is also minimal. 11.2 Unbalance: Amplitude and Phase An incident voltage (V1) is transformed into two voltages V2 and V3 (see Figure 18). In an ideal transformer, the amplitude of V2 is equal to that of V3 and the phase difference is 180º. In practical transformers there is small amplitude difference and the phase difference deviates from 180º (see Figure 19). Amplitude unbalance is defined as: Amplitude unbalance in (dB) = 20 log10 (ιV2ι/ιV3ι). Figure 18: Unbalance in transformer. Phase unbalance (in degrees) = θ (in degrees). 12 Test Characterization of Transformers 12.1 Insertion Loss Prior to the availability of modern network analyzers, baluns and transformers having impedance ratio other than 1:1 were connected back to back and the combined insertion loss of two units was measured. Insertion loss of a single device was calculated by dividing the measured loss by 2. This overcame the need to match impedance of devices having output impedance other than 50Ω. In recent years, baluns have been characterized as 3-port networks, like a two-way 180° splitter. As the impedance at the secondary ports is generally not 50Ω, impedance transformation is essential to do an accurate measurement. One method is to use resistive matching pads at the secondary for that purpose. In this method insertion losses from primary dot to secondary dot and primary dot to secondary are measured. The average of these two losses after subtracting the loss of the matching pad and 3 dB for loss due to theoretical split, is specified as insertion loss. New network analyzers such as Agilent’s PNA series provide impedance transformation and port extension capabilities so that there is no need to add resistive matching pads. A PNA analyzer enables 3-port measurement for any user-defined input and output impedances. 12.2 Unbalance: Amplitude and Phase The set up used for charactering a transformer as a 3-port network provides two insertion losses (primary dot to secondary dot and primary dot to secondary) in vector form. The difference of these two magnitudes in dB is called amplitude unbalance. The phase angle deviation from 180° is phase unbalance. 12.3 Input Return Loss When the secondary is terminated in its ideal impedance, the return loss measured at the primary is the input return loss. It is a measure of the effectiveness of the balun in transforming impedance. 12.4 S-Parameters By using a multi port network analyzer, S-parameters can be measured. The resulting “.snp” file is in Touchstone format and can be used in simulators such as Agilent ADS. When an application needs impedance other than the one specified in the data sheet, “.snp” can be used in simulation software such as Agilent’s ADS (or equivalent ) to analyze its performance. 13 Summary This article is to describe the fundamentals of RF and microwave transformers, most common applications, guidelines to users in selecting proper transformer to suit their applications and measurement methods. 14 References 1) Mini-Circuits Application Note, “How RF Transformers Work”, http://www.minicircuits.com/pages/pdfs/howxfmerwork.pdf 2) Nathan R.Grossner,”Transformer for Electronic Circuits”, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Second edition, 1983 3) R.Setty, “Push-pull amplifiers improve second-order intercept point”, RF Design, P76, Nov 2005 4)Mini-Circuits website, http://www.minicircuits.com/cgi-bin/modelsearch?model=hela-10 , click link ”Data Sheet” 5) Dorin Seremeta, “Accurate Measurement of LT5514 Third Order Intermodulation Products”, Linear AP note 97-3 6) “Transformers RF/IF”, Mini-Circuits web page http://www.minicircuits.com/products/Transformers.shtml Browse all transformers and baluns
Skip to main content Dryad logo Lee, Justin S. et al. (2012), Data from: Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape, Dryad, Dataset, Urbanization can result in the fragmentation of once contiguous natural landscapes into a patchy habitat interspersed within a growing urban matrix. Animals living in fragmented landscapes often have reduced movement among habitat patches due to avoidance of intervening human development, which potentially leads to both reduced gene flow and pathogen transmission between patches. Mammalian carnivores with large home ranges, such as bobcats (Lynx rufus), may be particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation. We performed genetic analyses on bobcats and their directly transmitted viral pathogen, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), to investigate the effects of urbanization on bobcat movement. We predicted that urban development, including major freeways, would limit bobcat movement and result in genetically structured host and pathogen populations. We analyzed molecular markers from 106 bobcats and 19 FIV isolates from seropositive animals in urban southern California. Our findings indicate that reduced gene flow between two primary habitat patches has resulted in genetically distinct bobcat subpopulations separated by urban development including a major highway. However, the distribution of genetic diversity among FIV isolates determined through phylogenic analyses indicates that pathogen genotypes are less spatially structured – exhibiting a more even distribution between habitat fragments. We conclude that the types of movement and contact sufficient for disease transmission occur with enough frequency to preclude structuring among the viral population, but that the bobcat population is structured due to low levels of effective bobcat migration resulting in gene flow. We illustrate the utility in using multiple molecular markers that differentially detect movement and gene flow between subpopulations when assessing connectivity. Usage Notes southern California
Question What are the basic principles of Gestalt psychology, and why was it important in the early life of psychology? What areas do you think were the Gestalt principles and avenues of research best suited for in modern psychology? In your opinion, is there a place for Gestalt psychology in current psychological research and application? Why? From a scientific perspective, psychoanalysis or psychodynamic views have very little validity. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Justify your answer. Why did Freudian psychoanalysis have such a seemingly dominant influence, not on U.S. psychology development, but on popular culture? How did the perspectives of empiricism and structuralism lead to the development of American functionalism? Does American functionalism differ significantly from its European heritage? Why? Describe the main factors of humanistic psychology. Compare and contrast their views with those of their contemporaries, such as psychoanalytic. In terms of application, what would make humanistic psychology appealing?
How do you get tested for STDs? Part III: Syphilis, Bacterial Vaginosis, Vaginal Yeast infections Submitted by Fantestico on Wed, 05/11/2022 - 11:53. Bacterial Vaginosis and Yeast infection testsIn previous posts, we covered the main bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections (STI). This post discussed other STI as Syphilis, Bacterial Vaginosis, and vaginal yeast infection also called vaginal candidiasis. Lab tests for these STIs can be purchased online without a doctor, and several at-home collection kits are available. When to test for syphilis Syphilis, Bacterial Vaginosis, vaginal yeast infections are mainly affecting women. Syphilis infections are both in men and women but it is critical for pregnant women. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection spread by sexual contact. After the initial infection, the syphilis bacteria, Treponema pallidum can remain inactive in the body for decades before becoming active again. The disease starts as a painless sore on the genitals, rectum or mouth. Early syphilis can be cured with a single shot of penicillin antibiotics. If not treated, syphilis can severely damage the heart, brain, or other organs and be life-threatening. “Syphilis test when” is a common search phrase. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) syphilis algorithm, the average incubation time of syphilis is 21 days, and symptoms can appear anytime between 10 and 90 days. The syphilis detection window period is 3-6 weeks. A Syphilis test is usually a blood test. Several lab providers offer it online for at-home finger prick collection and analysis at their lab. Basic Syphilis screening is based on an antibody test. The cost for a Syphilis home testing STD kit ranges from $29 for an in-person visit to $49 to $89 for at-home kits. Since untreated syphilis can affect your brain, spinal cord, and nerves, if your symptoms show that syphilis may be affecting your brain and nervous system, your doctor may order a syphilis test of your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A CSF syphilis test is not available to be purchased online without a doctor. Screening tests for syphilis include Rapid plasma reagin (RPR), which is a blood test. Although it is called rapid, this is NOT a rapid test done at home but a test that is done by labs. The other syphilis tests are Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), which can be done on blood or spinal fluid. If the result of your screening test shows you have antibodies linked to syphilis infections, you'll need a second test to confirm whether or not you have syphilis. A fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test may also be used. The CDC recommends that all pregnant women have a syphilis test at their first prenatal visit. Pregnant women who are more likely to become infected with syphilis should be tested again at 28 weeks of pregnancy and at delivery. Bacterial Vaginosis tests Vaginal Bacterial Vaginosis or BV affects women and is associated with having multiple male sex partners, female partners, new sex partners or sexual relationships with more than one person. BV is a vaginal dysbiosis, e.g., an overgrowth of bacteria naturally found in the vagina, which upsets the natural balance resulting from the replacement of normal hydrogen peroxide and lactic-acid–producing Lactobacillus species in the vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria, including G. vaginalis, Prevotella species, Mobiluncus species, A. vaginae, and other BV-associated bacteria. Certain women experience more short transient vaginal microbial changes, whereas other women have them for longer periods. Women in their reproductive years are most likely to get bacterial vaginosis, but it can affect women of any age. The cause isn't completely understood, but certain activities, such as unprotected sex or frequent douching, increase your risk. You will need to test yourself if you have one of the following symptoms: • Thin, gray, white or green vaginal discharge • Foul-smelling "fishy" vaginal odor • Vaginal itching • Burning during urination Most BV infections are mild and sometimes go away on their own. Some women get BV and recover without even knowing they were infected. But BV infections can be more serious and may not clear up without treatment. Untreated BV may increase your risk of getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or HIV. So, if you’re concerned about unusual changes in the color, odor, or texture down under, several lab providers offer online Bacterial Vaginosis BV tests. An at-home BV test price range is between $119 to $139. Test for yeast infection in urine Vaginal yeast infection or Candidiasis affects 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lifetimes. An estimated 1.4 million outpatient visits for vaginal candidiasis occur annually in the United States Candidiasis is NOT considered a sexually transmitted infection. But there's an increased risk of vaginal yeast infection at the time of first regular sexual activity. A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection in the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the vaginal opening. Candidiasis is caused by a yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida. Candida normally lives inside your body (in places such as the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina) and on the skin without causing any problems. Sometimes Candida can multiply and cause an infection due to other microbiome changes in the vagina that encourages its growth. Other names for this infection are “vaginal candidiasis,” “vulvovaginal candidiasis,” or “candidal vaginitis.” Yeast infection symptoms can range from mild to moderate and include: • Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva • A burning sensation, especially during intercourse or while urinating • Redness and swelling of the vulva • Vaginal pain and soreness • Vaginal rash • Watery vaginal discharge At-home vaginal yeast infection tests can help you to find the cause of your vaginal discomfort. Most common direct access yeast infection rapid tests measure only vaginal pH and provide results in five minutes or less. These rapid tests are cheap and cost only $12. Vaginal microbiome tests provide information about your vaginal health—in addition to the presence of BV as Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (an infection of the female reproductive organs) is most often occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from your vagina to your uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries.. At-home yeast infection tests assess the presence of yeast and the balance of other microbes in the vagina. Usually, these tests are part of a package that also includes Bacterial Vaginosis tests. The cost for an at-home vaginal package is between $189 to $239. In addition to the Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis, and the viral 4 STI (Herpes, HIV, Hepatitis, and HPV), Syphilis is a common Sexually Transmitted Infection that can cause STD and complications both in men and women and require attention and testing. It is recommended that pregnant women be tested for Syphilis. If you pass it to your baby, it could cause the baby serious and sometimes deadly health problems. Other women’s health common STD/STI tests are vaginal tests for either Bacterial Vaginosis or vaginal candidiasis. For women, the simplest way to know what is their itchy symptoms is to take a vaginal package that tests for Syphilis, Bacterial Vaginosis, vaginal yeast infections.
You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘Cranach’ tag. Albrecht of Brandenburg as St. Jerome in his Study (Lucas Cranch the Elder, 1527) In addition to troubling paintings of severed heads and dark allegories of German society, Lucas Cranach the Elder liked to paint animals. He painted several splendid pictures of Adam and Eve in a paradise teaming with creatures (including human headed parrots and unicorns) and he also frequently portrayed the bloody business of large scale stag-hunts by the aristocracy. One of my favorite of Cranach’s animal paintings is the one above titled, which was completed in 1527. A generous supporter of the arts (and personal friend of Erasmus), Albrecht was the Elector and Archbishop of Mainz. Ironically, to secure this position, Albrecht had taken out an immense loan “to discharge the expenses of his elevation.” In order to pay this money back he obtained permission from Pope Leo X to sell indulgences. The agent Albrecht utilized to sell these indulgences, John Tetzel, was so odious and grasping that Luther wrote his 95 theses partly as a direct response to Tetzel. Albrecht was the first to notify the papacy of Luther’s theses (which he suspected might be heretical). Although dressed as a 16th century cardinal, Albrecht is affecting the style and symbols of Saint Jerome, the 4th century hermit and scholar who had translated the bible into Latin. Jerome was frequently painted with a tame lion due to an ahistorical medieval legend about how he had removed a thorn from a marauding lion’s paw (and thus gained the creature’s friendship). Cranach expands on this iconography to fill the painting with animals including not just a pensive lion, but also an industrious beaver, a pheasant, a rabbit, and a stag. In gothic iconography, the stag represented Christ and here we see a handsome stag beneath a crucifix apparently speaking to Jerome. The ecclesiastical contemplation and tame animals of the foreground are contrasted starkly with the more realistic background, where aristocratic hunters ride back to their great hall with their hounds while real stags joust with their horns in the forest. Judith With The Head Of Holofernes (Lucas Cranach, 1530) Ye Olde Ferrebeekeeper Archives May 2022
What You Need To Know About Uterine Cancer What is uterine cancer? Cancer is a disease where abnormal cells grow rapidly and divide uncontrollably. This results in the production of excess tissue which forms a tumor. The abnormal cancerous cells can then spread into surrounding tissue or different places in your body. Uterine cancer forms in the upper part of the uterus. The uterus is a hollow, muscular female reproductive organ located between the bladder and the rectum. It is also referred to as the ‘womb,’ and is where a fetus grows and develops during pregnancy. Are there different types of uterine cancer? There are two main types of uterine cancer: • Endometrial cancer • Uterine sarcoma Endometrial cancer is located in the endometrium – the inner lining of the uterus. It can be further divided into subtypes based on what the cancer cells look like under a microscope. Examples of these include: • Endometrioid carcinoma • Serious carcinoma • Clear cell carcinoma Most are adenocarcinomas, which form in the endometrial glands. Uterine sarcoma is usually located in the myometrium – the muscular outer wall of the uterus – and in the supporting connective tissue of the uterus. Uterine cancer is the fourth most common women’s cancer in the United States. Around 3% of women will develop uterine cancer during their lifetime.¹ Endometrial cancer is significantly more common than uterine sarcoma, accounting for more than 90% of all uterine cancers.² The information in this article is specific to endometrial cancer, although some of it can be applied to both. Each year, approximately 66,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with uterine cancer.² Most are between the ages of 45 and 74. First-world countries have higher rates of endometrial cancer, and the United States has the eighth highest rate in the world. Of this number, about 13,000 women will die from their cancer. Since the mid-2000s, the prevalence of uterine cancer has increased by approximately 1% every year and it is speculated that this is due to increasing rates of obesity. Survival rates The earlier uterine cancer is detected, the higher the survival rate. Five-year survival rates are based on the following stages:² • Local: 95% • Regional: 69% • Distant: 17% Fortunately, endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage. This means patients have a high chance of survival and recovery. However, it should be noted that there are some disparities across different ethnicities. White women have slightly higher rates of uterine cancer, but Black women are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage and so have lower rates of survival.¹ 1. Cancer stat facts: Uterine cancer \| Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, National Cancer Institute 2. Uterine cancer: Statistics \| American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) The most common symptom of uterine cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting. It can be hard to tell the difference between abnormal vaginal bleeding and normal menstruation, so it is important to seek advice from your doctor. Some examples of instances where bleeding may be abnormal include: • Bleeding between your monthly period • Experiencing long, heavy, and/or frequent bleeding, especially if you are approaching menopause • Having already been through menopause Other less common symptoms: • Cramping pain in your pelvis • Pain during sexual intercourse • Vaginal discharge, which may be bloody, pink, or watery What are the first or early warning signs of uterine cancer? In a post-menopausal woman, any vaginal bleeding is considered abnormal and this is usually the first warning sign of uterine cancer. What are the stages of uterine cancer? Cancer can be categorized into one of four stages, defined by how much it has spread from where it originated. The stages of uterine cancer relate to how far it has spread from the uterus.¹ The four stages, defined by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, are: Stage I • IA: The cancer is only in the uterus, or in less than half of the myometrium • IB: The cancer has spread more than halfway through the myometrium Stage II The cancer has spread to the cervical stroma Stage III • IIIA: The cancer has spread to the outermost uterine layer (serosa), fallopian tubes, or ovaries • IIIB: The cancer has spread to the vagina or tissues around the uterus (parametrium) • IIIC1: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis • IIIC2: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes around the aorta Stage IV • IVA: The cancer has spread into the intestines or bladder lining • IVB: The cancer has spread to groin lymph nodes, upper abdomen, omentum, or to distant organs such as the lungs or bone Sometimes, the stage of cancer is more simply defined as: • Local: Cancer is confined to the primary site in the uterus • Regional: Cancer has spread to pelvic lymph nodes • Distant: Cancer has spread to other organs Unlike other cancers, scientists have not yet determined any direct causes of uterine cancer. However, we know that increased exposure to the female sex hormone estrogen, particularly when not balanced by an appropriate production of progesterone, greatly increases the likelihood of developing uterine cancer. The ovaries produce and secrete two main hormones – estrogen and progesterone – which regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle, amongst many other functions. Estrogen causes the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) to grow and thicken through a process called ‘proliferation,’ when cells grow and divide. After estrogen causes the endometrium to proliferate, the levels of progesterone will normally rise. Progesterone puts a ‘break’ in the endometrial proliferation caused by estrogen and prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy. When estrogen is produced without enough progesterone to balance it out, too much proliferation of the endometrial tissue can occur. This increases the chances that normal cells will get mutations that cause them to become cancerous and divide uncontrollably. The risk factors for developing uterine cancer Several factors increase your chances of getting uterine cancer.¹ These include: Women over 50 and/or being post-menopausal. Irregular ovulation patterns An imbalance of estrogen and progesterone or prolonged exposure to estrogen, which can occur due to irregular ovulation patterns, beginning menstruation from an early age (younger than 12), reaching menopause after the age of 55, never having been pregnant, and estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Women who are obese are three times more likely to develop uterine cancer than women who are not.² This is because estrogen is produced in your fat cells. In fact, out of all cancers, obesity has the clearest link to endometrial cancer. Having a family history of uterine cancer. Personal history Previously having breast or ovarian cancer. Lynch syndrome A genetic condition that predisposes people to several cancers, including uterine cancer. A woman with this condition has a 40%–60% lifetime cumulative risk of developing endometrial cancer.³ Endometrial hyperplasia A condition where your endometrium is thicker than normal. How uterine cancer is diagnosed You should see your doctor if you are experiencing any of the symptoms outlined above. Your doctor will carry out tests or refer you to a gynecologist. The types of tests that can be used to diagnose uterine cancer include: Pelvic exam In a pelvic exam, your doctor physically checks your genitals for abnormalities. They may insert a ‘speculum’ into your vagina, a device that opens the vaginal walls to make it easier for them to see. They may also need to feel your uterus and ovaries to check their size, shape, position, and to see if there are any lumps. They will place two fingers from one hand inside your vagina and their other hand on your abdomen. Transvaginal ultrasound This is useful for analyzing the thickness and texture of the endometrium. The doctor will insert a transducer into your vagina. This device uses sound waves to generate a video image of your endometrium. If the results are abnormal, your doctor may then carry out an endometrial biopsy. Endometrial biopsy (also known as ‘pipelle biopsy’) This is a medical procedure where a small part of the endometrial tissue is removed. A narrow plastic tube is inserted into the uterus and used to remove a small sample of endometrial cells using suction. The tissue will be analyzed to see if the cells are cancerous. A thin, flexible tube called a ‘hysteroscope’ is inserted into your vagina and cervix. At the other end of the tube, there is a light and a camera that sends images to a monitor so that your doctor can see inside the uterus. It is common for a biopsy to be performed at the same time. Imaging tests A CT scan uses x-rays to take pictures of the inside of the body, which can be viewed on a computer. An MRI scan uses magnetic fields and has a similar purpose to a CT scan. However, these are usually done after a diagnosis has been made because they are useful for detecting spread and determining the stage of cancer. Many of these procedures are invasive and may make you feel uncomfortable. Your doctor will talk you through all the steps before they proceed and will fully inform you of the risks and benefits of the test. Make sure you understand everything that they will be doing. You can request to have someone sit in the room with you if it makes you feel more comfortable. You may also be given anesthesia so you don’t feel any pain. There are various types of treatments for uterine cancer.¹ Your treatment will be decided based on the stage and type of uterine cancer, and your medical team’s collective opinion on what would be best for you. All treatments have risks and benefits so it is important to make sure that you are fully informed before you make any decisions. Your possible treatments may involve one or more of the following: The surgery generally used for uterine cancer patients is called a ‘hysterectomy.’ This involves removing the uterus, and possibly the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and lymph nodes if cancer has spread. A hysterectomy is usually the primary treatment for women with uterine cancer, and it may be the only treatment needed if the cancer is in an early stage. Hormone therapy Synthetic progesterone has been shown to slow the spread of cancer and control symptoms. This treatment is mainly used for recurring cancer or stage III and IV patients whose cancer has spread and who may be too unwell for other treatments. It can also be a possible treatment for women with an early stage of uterine cancer who do not want to lose their ability to become pregnant due to a hysterectomy. Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer pills or drugs injected into the veins to kill the cancer cells and/or prevent them from dividing and growing. Chemotherapy may be used after initial cancer treatment (known as adjuvant therapy) for patients with high-risk endometrial carcinoma or when cancer can’t be operated on. High-energy x-rays or other types of radiation can kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. With external radiation, a machine outside the body sends the radiation to the uterus. Internal radiation then delivers radioactive materials directly into or near cancer, usually sealed inside seeds, capsules, wires, or other materials. Precautions will be taken to make sure the x-rays do not harm your normal cells. Surgery is usually enough for patients with less severe uterine cancer. But for those with medium or high severity, radiation is usually offered. Targeted therapy This treatment uses drugs that can target specific parts of cancer cells. Since it is targeted, it usually causes less damage to normal cells than radiation or chemotherapy treatments do. Targeted therapy may be used for more invasive (high-risk) endometrial cancers that have a high likelihood of recurring. The drugs may, for example, target proteins responsible for cancer cell growth and division, or stop the creation of blood vessels that cancer cells use to grow and spread. Clinical trials There is a lot of research going into new cancer treatments. Your doctor may talk to you about clinical trials you can join to access new and potentially life-saving treatments. Some people think that patients only join clinical trials as a last resort and if their cancer is in a late stage, but this isn’t the case. Clinical trials can be suitable for many different cancer types and stages. A hysterectomy (surgery to remove the uterus) can prevent uterine cancer and it may be done in women with a high risk of developing uterine cancer, such as those with Lynch syndrome. However, this is not an easy decision to make, especially for women who have not been through menopause and want to have children. Even though there is no guaranteed way to prevent uterine cancer, it is important to know the risk factors and what you can do to reduce your likelihood of developing it. What can you do to help lower your risk of developing uterine cancer? Take birth control pills This includes pills with a combination of estrogen and progesterone or progesterone-only oral contraceptives. The progesterone-only pill may provide even greater protection against developing endometrial carcinoma. This pill helps to ensure a hormonal balance so that the endometrial lining does not become too thick due to the presence of unopposed estrogen. Use a progestin-secreting intrauterine device Progestin is a synthetic form of progesterone and provides the same benefits of preventing excessive spread of the uterine lining. Keep active and maintain a healthy weight Losing weight if you are overweight or obese will prevent the excess build-up of estrogen in fat tissue. Being pregnant Pregnancy lowers your risk of uterine cancer because it shifts the hormonal balance towards more progesterone instead of estrogen. Screening guidelines There isn’t currently a specific screening test for uterine cancer, but clinical trials are underway and may deliver one soon. The American Cancer Society recommends the following for uterine cancer screening:¹ • High-risk: Women who are at high risk of developing uterine cancer (such as those with Lynch syndrome or endometrial hyperplasia) should have yearly endometrial biopsy tests and/or transvaginal ultrasounds from the age of 35 • Low-risk: Women who are not at risk do not need to undertake regular screening, because the benefits don’t outweigh the risks of bleeding, infection, and a false-positive result which can bring a lot of anxiety • All women should be aware of the signs and symptoms of uterine cancer and see a doctor if they have any concerns about their health In the United States, there is a lack of organizations and charities that are specifically focused on uterine cancer. However, many groups spread awareness for either gynecological cancers or women's cancers in general, which include uterine cancer. Some examples are: Foundation for Women’s Cancer (FWC) spreads awareness for all gynecological cancers. They have recognized September as Gynecological Cancer Awareness Month. Inside Knowledge About Gynecologic Cancer is run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program. Like the FWC, they also raise awareness for all gynecological cancers. They are involved in educating women and health providers about gynecological cancer. Share Cancer Support is an organization that spreads awareness about the signs and symptoms of all women's cancers (uterine, breast, ovarian, or cervical cancer). They also support, educate, and empower patients who have been diagnosed with one of these cancers. Some organizations based in other countries are Womb Cancer Support UK, The Eve Appeal (UK), and WomenCan (Australia and New Zealand). Raising awareness for uterine cancer is very important. This is because: • By reaching out to the general public, it can help all women better understand the symptoms of uterine cancer so that they can seek medical advice and be diagnosed earlier • It attracts donations from the public, which can help fund research, treatments, and clinical trials for uterine cancer How can someone get involved and help spread awareness? There are lots of ways you can get involved in your community to help spread awareness about uterine cancer, no matter your age or background. You could: • Organize and/or participate in fundraising events such as fun-runs, bake sales, raffles, and tournaments • Make sure you have a good knowledge of the risk factors and symptoms of uterine cancer so that you can educate people on what signs to look out for and when to seek medical attention • Advocate and talk about it on social media, and encourage open conversations • Donate to organizations and charities such as the FWC • Speak up for people you may know who have had uterine cancer and share stories Doctors & specialists Your family doctor is always your first point of contact if you are concerned about uterine cancer. They will likely refer you to a specialist for testing and diagnosis, and this could be a gynecologist or gynecological oncologist. A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system, and an oncologist is a cancer specialist. When someone has cancer, they typically have a team of doctors and other healthcare professionals working with them to provide treatment and support during their cancer journey. This includes a: • Gynecologist and gynecological oncologist • Gynecologic surgeon: A surgeon who specializes in performing surgery on female reproductive organs • Radiation oncologist: A cancer doctor who specializes in the use of radiation as a cancer treatment • Medical oncologist: A cancer doctor who specializes in the use of chemotherapy and medicines as a cancer treatment • Oncology nurses: They take care of you before, during, and after treatment, and treat your side effects • Other healthcare professionals may not directly treat your cancer, but can help you cope with cancer treatment, maintain your health and wellbeing, and aid you in overcoming the mental and emotional challenges that cancer brings. These include social workers, psychologists, dieticians, physiotherapists, and more. Clinical trials for uterine cancer Actively recruiting A proof of concept randomised comparative study to investigate the effect of an online yoga intervention on mental health in women diagnosed with breast or gynaecological cancer Not yet open The CanCope Study: Comparing the effects of Two Online Wellbeing Programs on the Mental Health of Cancer Survivors
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure performed to make a man sterile, or unable to father a child. It is a permanent male birth control method. A vasectomy is performed to permanently blocks the vas deferens—the tubes leading to the testes. The testes will still produce sperm, but the sperm die and are absorbed by the body. Men who have had the procedure will still produce semen and ejaculate, but the semen won’t contain any sperm and therefore is unable to impregnate. Vasectomies do not affect testosterone levels or male sexual characteristics, and in most men the ability to have an erection remains completely unchanged. Among married couples in the United States, only female sterilization and oral contraception are used more frequently for family planning. Learn more from Johns Hopkins online.
Lords Of Tech How I used Huffman coding to easily create a translator into a fictional language With modern computers, creating a language doesn’t have to be time-consuming. Actually, far less time-consuming than learning a language. Tolkien was one of the few people who created several fictional languages to be used by strange nations in his stories. From elaborate Elven tongue spoken by ancient nations to relatively incomplete Blackspeech, harshly sounding and meant to be used by orcs and other evil beings. This is a cool feat that took so much effort that I would definitely never try to replicate it. However, with modern computers, this task can be significantly less time-consuming. Actually, far less time-consuming than learning a language. How I came to the idea Back in the days when I was studying, I was listening to the teacher when he was talking about context-free languages. One of the things he said was that they were used to make generators of inconspicuously-looking texts, fake personal information, spam e-mails etc. I found it interesting and wrote a parser of context-free grammars to generate text from it. The grammar had to be written manually, but the form of the output text could be generated much better than in the case of a generator based on Markov chains. It was quite possible even to make it grammatically correct. First I used it to generate random esoteric New Age nonsense and try if the spriritually oriented people will far for it. They did. Later, after watching the Hobbit films, I had the idea to create a generator of texts in Blackspeech. It wasn’t assembling random words into a sentence templates, it was assembling words, syllable by syllable, and putting them into random length sentences. Grohhyg y otḧzär dazvybvrÿÿrv hẅög! I wasn’t very inspired by the Blackspeech from Lord of the Rings, I put there anything that sounded or looked harsh enough. Not a single pleasant sounding syllable. I shared it with some people and I was given a suggestion to write a translator to it. I gave it some thought and figured something out. First approach Initially, I created a dynamic dictionary that generated a new word for unknown word inserted. I manually inserted some common words that should be short, like the, go, orc, destroy, conquer, kill, etc. It perfectly followed English grammar, but that wasn’t a problem, I wasn’t trying to pretend it was a real language. It worked, but it required a shared database accessible to all translator instances if the message created by one was to be translated back. Furthermore, it had no pretense of word morphology whatsoever. Cipher approach I came up with a more versatile approach. How about encoding all the information into the output text itself? An obvious idea was to replace every English letter with a syllable. The obvious problem was that the output would be way too long. The long words could be somewhat mitigated by using Huffman coding. I wrote a program that searched through a book and calculated the number of occurrences of every substring in every word. Because I wrote it in C++, I could get away with the dumbest algorithm ever: std::unordered_map<std::string, unsigned int> counts; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < source.size(); i++) { std::string word; for ( ; source[i] >= 'a' && source[i] <= 'z'; i++) { word.push_back(source[i]); // Assemble the word by letters for (int j = 1; (j <= FRAGMENT_MAX) && (j < word.size()); j++) { // Add substrings starting from different letters const std::string fragment = word.substr(word.size() - j); Its complexity was pretty bad, but it processed a 657 kiB book in a split second. The result matched by observations (showing only the first lines because it’s too long): 1: e 57612 2: o 32167 3: n 30015 4: t 27623 5: a 26427 6: h 25041 7: r 25002 8: i 23356 9: d 20332 10: s 19887 11: l 14955 12: u 12129 13: he 11310 There were thousands of substrings. Some triplets of letters were more common than some rare letters, which showed some promise that the coding would shorten the result considerably. Because replacing those would shorten the result much more than rare letters, I decided to adjust the weight of those by multiplying the substrings’ importance with their lengths. 1: e 2: o 3: n 4: t 5: a 6: h 7: r 8: i 9: he 10: d 11: s 12: nd 13: er To avoid complicating it, I haven’t subtracted the quantities of multiletter substrings from the the number of shorter substrings they contained, because that might become an optimisation problem. This greatly favoured substrings that were quite obviously parts of frequently used longer words, like omething. I should have replaced them with words that would be common in an orc language, and thus short. Because it’s impossible tell if a single letter word is written all in capitals or just capitalised, I have matched single letters that could be words on their own in English to single letters in the output. This led to a translation book like this: 1: e muz 2: o abg 3: n rup 4: t anr 5: a y 6: h zub 7: r hyd 8: i u 9: he zar 10: d urz 11: s daz 12: nd uth 13: er oth The least common single letter, z, was at index 524, so I made up 524 orc syllables. I had to help myself with some diacritics to make so many unique syllables. The ones on the bottom of the list thus looked rather weird: 466: rid brærgh 467: cti brærgḧ 468: stan zæhr 469: ond zæḧr 470: ser dhræm The encoding and decoding algorithms were quite simple. Encoding used pre-cached containers of all substrings that could be replaced for the first two letters. Then, the small group of substrings starting with those two letters were matched with the rest of the word and if there was a match, the translation of that part of the word was written out. This meant quadratic complexity after matching two letters, but there weren’t many long strings. Decoding was going letter by letter and trying to match the part read so far with an available syllable and output a translated part if it found a match. The complexity was bad again, but it didn’t matter, the syllables were short. This was quite prone to breaking because it turned out some orc syllables were prefixes to other orc syllables. I manually fixed this. I am not sharing the algorithm because I’ve learned some things since then and I am not particularly proud of that code. Zarmaazabg, otḧzär näzgwrüẗḧrozb! Zörgḧ zubbhak müzduvz gzÿv zambbzürbzurmuz näzgøth yuth ohbrgärrḧyghzamb y ruzẅeüthuthbrav arzdrymhdüẅzryÿrv gorzborzzögḧkuz ärrz rupvögdaz. Totally sounds like a plan to pillage a settlement full of peaceful people, kill some people for fun and terrorise others just to feel powerful. The orcs from Lord of the Rings would definitely want to switch to this language because it makes their own sound like a lullaby. Now, what does this mean? Here’s the original: Hello, nice people! We have come to promote peace and develop a friendly relationship between our nations. The villagers would definitely fail to understand the message of peace. However, that would be a good thing because orcs would speak about peace only to study the defences without resistance before the arrival of their full invasion force. The source code is here. Compiled code can be run in browser here, but the old version of Emscripten that Qt supports doesn’t seem to be very stable anymore (and doesn’t work at all in Safari). Leave a Reply
Why is a plane an undefined term? Answer and Explanation: A plane is an undefined term, because it does not have a formal definition. That is, we can describe a plane as a flat two-dimensional object that In geometry, formal definitions are formed using other defined words or terms. There are, however, three words in geometry that are not formally defined. These words are point, line and plane, and are referred to as the “three undefined terms of geometry”. Also Know, is a segment defined or undefined? Plane (undefined) a flat surface with no thickness and extends indefinitely in all directions. Line Segment. a part of a line consisting of two points, called endpoints, and all the points that are between them. Keeping this in consideration, why are terms undefined? These four things are called undefined terms because in geometry these are words that don’t require a formal definition. They form the building blocks for formally defining or proving other words and theorems. Which is a description of an undefined term? The description of an undefined term is A ray extends infinitely in one direction from an endpoint. What is defined in math? Definition. In elementary mathematics, a term is either a single number or variable, or the product of several numbers or variables. Terms are separated by a + or – sign in an overall expression. For example, in 3 + 4x + 5yzw. What is a point in math? A point in geometry is a location. It has no size i.e. no width, no length and no depth. A point is shown by a dot. A line is defined as a line of points that extends infinitely in two directions. It has one dimension, length. What is undefined in math? Undefined. An expression in mathematics which does not have meaning and so which is not assigned an interpretation. For example, division by zero is undefined in the field of real numbers. SEE ALSO: Ambiguous, Complex Infinity, Directed Infinity, Division by Zero, Ill-Defined, Indeterminate, Well-Defined. What is a defined term? defined term noun a word or phrase in a legal document, such as a contract or statute, whose meaning is explained. What are examples of undefined terms? For example, in (Euclidean) geometry, the terms “point” and “line” are undefined terms that name objects in the universe of discourse, while “on” is an undefined term that names a relation. In older texts, (or those written by less mathematically aware authors) an attempt to define such terms was made. What is a plane in math? What are coplanar points? Coplanar Points: Definition. Coplanar points are three or more points which lie in the same plane. Recall that a plane is a flat surface which extends without end in all directions. It’s usually shown in math textbooks as a 4-sided figure. Is a line segment a defined term? It’s a whole field of points. Simple Defined Terms: Line Segment: A line segment is just part of a line. The end of the line is called the endpoint. Opposite Rays: Two rays that share the same endpoint that take off in opposite directions. What are undefined terms used for? Undefined Terms Definition In all branches of mathematics, some fundamental pieces cannot be defined, because they are used to define other, more complex pieces. In geometry, three undefined terms are the underpinnings of Euclidean geometry: Point. Line. Plane. Is angle a defined term? Answer and Explanation: We can define an angle using the undefined term of a line. That is, we can define an angle as the corners that are created where two non-parallel Which is the definition of a Ray? Ray. Definition: A portion of a line which starts at a point and goes off in a particular direction to infinity. Try this Adjust the ray below by dragging an orange dot and see how the ray AB behaves. Point A is the ray’s endpoint. How do you define angles? What is a ray in geometry? In geometry, a ray is a line with a single endpoint (or point of origin) that extends infinitely in one direction. What is an undefined slope? An undefined slope (or an infinitely large slope) is the slope of a vertical line! The x-coordinate never changes no matter what the y-coordinate is! There is no run! In this tutorial, learn about the meaning of undefined slope.
Humanitarian Occupation in Haiti A century after the U.S. military invasion of Haiti in 1915, a U.N. "stabilization mission" continues to compromise the nation's political and economic sovereignty. July 28, 2015 Marines during the U.S. the occupation of Haiti, which began a century ago in July 1915. (USMC Archives / Creative Commons) This Tuesday marks the 100th anniversary of the commencement of the U.S. Occupation of Haiti. On July 28, 1915, U.S. Marines landed on the shores of Haiti, occupying the country for 19 years. College campuses, professional associations, social movements, and political parties are marking the occasion with a series of reflections and demonstrations. Several have argued that the U.S. has never stopped occupying Haiti, even as military boots left in 1934. Some activists are using the word “humanitarian occupation” to describe the current situation, denouncing the loss of sovereignty, as U.N. troops have been patrolling the country for over 11 years. While the phrase “humanitarian occupation” may seem distasteful and even ungrateful to some considering the generosity of the response to the January 12, 2010 earthquake, there are several parallels between the contemporary aid regime and the U.S. Marine administration. The U.S. Marines invaded Haiti a century ago ostensibly to restore an order disrupted by an armed peasant resistance known as the kako and violent inter-elite turmoil. Between 1910 and the 1915 invasion of the U.S. Marines, Haiti had 7 presidents. The exploits of the occupying forces were well documented. Many U.S. troops came from Jim Crow South, and they brought their white supremacy with them. Racism colored how they saw elements of Haitian culture and folklore, and in turn how the rest of the world came to view Haiti. Apparently less understood is the current military occupation, but like the U.S. invasion of 1915 it has compromised Haitian sovereignty and provided impunity for foreign forces. On February 29, 2004, a multinational force led by the U.S. came to quell dissent following a U.S.-backed regime change. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide declared he was “kidnapped” aboard a U.S. military plane, to be dumped in the Central African Republic. Less overtly imperialistic under a U.N. banner, MINUSTAH (the International United Nations Mission for the Stabilization of Haiti) took over on June 1, authorized by U.N. resolution 1542. The polyglot that peaked at over 13,000 troops from 54 countries is led by Brazil, which has been pressing for a permanent seat on the Security Council. Nonetheless, many in Haiti saw MINUSTAH as serving U.S. interests, as Haitian NGO worker Yvette Desrosiers declared: “the Americans hide their face, they send Brazilians, Argentines… he’s hidden but he’s the one in command!” The force’s mandate has been renewed every year, despite the fact that Haiti has much lower rates of violent crimes (8.2 per 100,000 people) than many of its Caribbean neighbors such as Jamaica, which does not have a U.N. mission (54.9), or Brazil, heading up the U.N. mission (26.4). Why would its mandate be renewed, following the 2006 elections that brought René Préval and his ruling Lespwa party to power? Colleagues in Haiti emphasize that the keyword “stabilization” refers to keeping agreeable leaders in office and quelling dissent. In 2009, activists reconciled their conflict over Aristide to call for an increase in the minimum wage, from 70 gourdes a day ($1.75) to 200 ($5). Both houses of Parliament voted unanimously to approve it. However, in a report for which he spent only days in the country to write, Oxford economist Paul Collier outlined a strategy of tourism, export mango production, and subcontracted apparel factories. He suggested Bill Clinton as U.N. Special Envoy. Clinton and newly-named U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met with Préval in support of the Collier Report, and Bill Clinton publicly questioned the minimum wage increase as undercutting Haiti’s “comparative advantage” (WikiLeaked documents outline the extent of pressure applied to keep wages low). In the end, Préval rejected the 200 gourdes increase, unconstitutionally writing in a figure of 125 gourdes (a little over $3) for workers in overseas apparel factories. When street-level demonstrations increased their intensity in response, U.N. troops responded with escalating force--taking a lead role instead of supporting the police, as their mandate dictates. Some argued that it was fortunate to have over 11,000 soldiers on the ground to assist in logistical support in the earthquake response. However, the troops provided only minimal logistics in rebuilding. Moreover, the quality of their construction work was called into question following an outbreak of cholera in October, barely nine months after the earthquake. Infected U.N. troops stationed outside of Mirebalais spread their fecal matter in leaky sewage from the base, which ran into Haiti’s major river. Within days, the outbreak spread to the entire country. In addition to this epidemiological evidence, genetic evidence pinpointed troops from Nepal as the source. Despite overwhelming scientific evidence, the U.N. claimed immunity for an outbreak that has killed over 8,500 people in four years and continues to kill. Lawyers from the Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti and the Bureau des Avocats Intérnationaux sued the U.N. on behalf of the victims and their families. However, in January 2015, days before the fifth anniversary of the quake, a judge confirmed the U.N.’s immunity. While this represents the most egregious invocation of their immunity, it was also confirmed following several cases of sexual abuse brought against U.N. troops. A Haitian proverb declares konstitisyon se papye, bayonèt se fè: “a constitution is made of paper, a bayonet of iron.” In other words, the pen is not mightier than the sword. In reality during occupations, the pen is pushed by the sword. During the 1915 U.S. Marines Occupation, Franklin Delano Roosevelt bragged to have personally written the Haitian constitution--formally adopted in 1918--which opened up land for foreign ownership, and formalized the linguistic hegemony of the ruling classes by naming French as the only official language. Paving the way for U.S. agribusiness interests such as United Fruit to buy up tracts of land, the 1918 constitution allowed foreign investors and local merchants to monopolize foreign trade while expropriating thousands of peasant farmers. But it also triggered a massive kako rebellion. In response, marines placed the mutilated body of Charlemagne Péralte, who they identified as the resistance movement’s intellectual author, on display in a public square--a warning to others. Constitutional changes were also introduced during the contemporary occupation. In addition to advocating the rejection of the minimum wage increase, Bill Clinton and the U.N. are also credited for introducing constitutional reforms. Haiti’s 1987 constitution was the culmination of what Fritz Deshommes called a re-founding of the nation. Passed with over 90% of the vote on March 29, 1987, the constitution guaranteed liberal political rights, like freedom of press, religion, and assembly, as well as social rights, such as education and housing. In addition, the constitution elevated Haitian Creole as an official language alongside French. In a country reeling from 29 years of the Duvalier dictatorship and wary of centralized executive power, the office of Prime Minister, to be ratified by Parliament, was established. Power was also shared in the Territorial Collectivities, including 570 communal sections. However, since the start of the occupation some of these provisions have been reversed by controversial new amendments passed under opaque circumstances. In April 2010, parliament had voted to dissolve itself to make way for the Interim Haiti Reconstruction Commission (IHRC), co-chaired by Bill Clinton. When Parliament came back in session in 2011, the first task laid out for them was ratification of amendments to the constitution. President Michel Martelly, the winner from the second round of an election with record low voter turnout of 22%--less than half the previous 2006 elections--pushed for the ratification. He was joined by several foreign agencies, apparently keen on naming the Permanent Electoral Council in a top-down, rushed process that advantaged the current government. Amidst all of this confusion, it was not clear what the final version of the amendments was, and only the French version was published. Despite this uncertainty, some sectors apparently considered the constitutional amendments’ adoption a fait accompli. When President Martelly faced a growing opposition that succeeded in forcing out Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe in December 2014, it was a surprise to many university professors, NGO staff, and activists that the constitutional amendments had apparently been accepted. Conveniently, one of the changes included that the President name a Prime Minister without requiring a full Parliamentary ratification. Instead, the new constitution allows for only the leaders of both houses to agree--two individuals who had the most stake in the prolongation of their mandate following the deal reached with Martelly. Further confusing the situation, the terms of the lower house as well as a third of the Senate were set to expire January 12, the fifth anniversary of the earthquake, meaning that both houses would be below quorum. As Parliament teetered toward collapse, President Martelly’s hand grew stronger, and the international pressure to “negotiate” to avoid a “political crisis” grew. In effect, international agencies like the European Union, the U.S., the U.N., and the World Bank were lining up to support Martelly. These actors concerned with “democracy” said nothing when Martelly replaced all but a handful of the country’s mayors. They indicated that they would continue to support the government of Haiti even though he would have to rule by decree. This same state of affairs, ruling by decree, was cited by many of these same international agencies in 1999 as the reason they suspended assistance to Haiti. What could account for foreign agencies’ change of heart? Whereas companies like the United Fruit Company benefitted most from the 1915 U.S. invasion, multinational mining interests are attempting to exploit Haiti’s compromised sovereignty during the current occupation. While the UNDP had financed a study in the 1970s, mining activities increased exponentially after the earthquake. On May 11, 2012, reports of mining contracts were unearthed in the press. With an estimated value of $20 billion, this represents a significant wealth. However, given Haiti’s infrastructure, especially after the earthquake, there is insufficient in-country capacity and even technical expertise to evaluate contracts. Significantly, the “exploitation” contracts were granted without Parliamentary approval. However, Parliament responded, issuing a resolution calling for a moratorium on mining in Haiti, citing the questionable legality of the Conventions as one of their main concerns. Shortly thereafter, the Martelly administration successfully recruited the World Bank to support its effort to restructure its mining laws and obtained support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to manage mining contracts and create a national cadaster. Communities and civil society organizations have organized to promote their interests and defend their rights. At issue is local communities’ participation and approval, given the loss of agricultural land and therefore peasant livelihood, not to mention the significant environmental damage mining causes. Indeed, the contracts made no provisions for environmental review or protections. Finally, the contracts expropriated the vast majority of the profits out of the country. The civic campaign helped ensure that mining activity was put on hold in Haiti as the government rewrites the law. The political situation in 2015, without a parliament and with President Martelly ruling by decree, could allow for resumption of mining. This – in addition to other development strategies such as high-end tourism that benefit foreign interests at the expense of local communities – is the main motivation colleagues attribute to the so-called “international community’s” support for the ongoing occupation. Indeed, companies openly cited MINUSTAH’s presence as attracting foreign investment. In 1915, U.S. Empire was in its ascendency; during the Spanish-American war the U.S. seized control of Panama, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The so-called “Dollar Diplomacy” gave way to the more erudite “mission civilatrice” of Wilson, whose delay into what he called “the war to end all war” allowed U.S. might to be cloaked in obligation. Now, U.S. Empire is showing signs of faltering. The U.S. financial debt to China and Saudi Arabia thwarts principled human rights justifications, the European Union and Japan provide counterweights to the hegemony of the U.S. dollar, the majority of Latin American nations elected leftist governments who set up cooperative institutions challenging the U.S., and Bush’s failed 2003 invasion of Iraq was done without the U.N.’s blessing. In this context of imperial setbacks, Haiti provided a stage for readjustment. Haiti in 2004 re-united France and the U.S. over the ouster of Aristide. The right-wing Heritage Foundation published a position paper a day after the earthquake about the latter being an opportunity for the U.S. to reassert dominance in the region eroded by the U.N. troops, Cuban medical assistance, and Venezuelan institutions like Petro Caribe. What accounts for the difference in the understanding of the 1915 Marines Occupation and the contemporary humanitarian occupation? It must first be said that there are obviously differences of opinion, then and now. In the interim, sensibilities have changed; the “white man’s burden” and open expressions of white supremacy are – at least rhetorically – relegated to the fringe right. Justifications for intervention must now be done on universal, ‘humanitarian’ grounds, although French anthropologist Michel Agier has called humanitarianism the “left hand of empire.” What is necessary is a critical history of the present, clear enough to pierce the fog of ideology. Such a position requires moral courage, to be willing to suffer consequences for defending present-day kako, such as Charlemagne Péralte or even Dessalines. Like this article? Support our work. Donate now.
Writing to Heal By Lucy Gleysteen From PHN Issue 29, Summer 2016 Painful emotions can sometimes feel unmanageable. If you are feeling an emotional crisis and don’t have someone to reach out to, you may want to shift your emotional state to something that feels more tolerable. Writing can act as one of the building blocks towards creating a degree of emotional safety for yourself. Most adults have experienced trauma. I use the word trauma to describe the impact of physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological harm. Trauma can have long term impacts on an individual’s physical and emotional wellbeing. Sometimes unmanageable emotional reactions can be a result of past traumas. For instance, if a person grew up in an environment where they were reprimanded for displaying emotions such as sadness, anger, or frustration, it might be confusing and difficult for that person as an adult to navigate emotions that feel overwhelming. In the Spring 2016 Prison Health News, there was an article about how to start a mental health journal. This article is about how to use your journal as a tool to heal from trauma. Writing may be useful if you are looking for an outlet for emotional distress. It may also be helpful if you are living with anxiety, depression, and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotional Crisis Management Your journal is a space where you can express strong emotions without the fear of being judged. This process can often bring relief and insight. Usually this type of writing helps you see a situation from a new perspective; it may also help you find ways to feel better now. Sometimes writing does not make you feel better. However, it can be an alternative to taking out your emotions through self-harm. At the very least, it can be a way of having control over the impact of your emotions. Prompts to help you start writing: • Where am I at right now? (What are you feeling? What is going on in your mind? How does your body feel? What is the emotion that feels unmanageable?) • What led me here? (What was the event that triggered this emotional response? Why did it have such an enormous impact?) • How have I coped with this feeling in the past? (What have you done to get out of this headspace before? Who are all the people in your life that care about you and can support you? What are your best distractions?) Writing to Understand Your Emotional Landscape If you are trying to mend the wounds of past trauma, writing can help you take healing into your own hands. It can provide clarity around confusing emotional responses to incidents. Writing can also help you remember things. This can be scary sometimes, especially if the memories are painful. It can be hard to get started, so do what feels easiest to you at the time and focus on what you feel is the most important thing to deal with. If you are at a loss for where to begin, you can write down the 20 most important things that have ever happened to you. By jotting down the details of an event, you can unravel some of the key moments that led you to the place you are now. This type of writing gives you an opportunity to step back and evaluate what you have been through, the ways you have survived, and how all of this impacts the person you are today. • What is the event you want to focus on? • What was the environment leading up to the traumatic event? • What was going on in your life, in your family, in your community? • What happened—what were the details? • What did this event teach you? • How did it shape who you are today? Taking Care of Yourself After Writing Sometimes writing can bring up anxiety and painful emotions and memories. If this happens, it is good to take a break and either write about something different or do an activity that brings you joy and lets you relax. If what you’re feeling is too much to manage on your own, you can try calling a friend or family member on the outside. If you don’t have that support system, you can see if your prison has a peer support group with people you can talk to. If your mental state still feels like too much, you can do a few relaxation exercises to help you calm down. If relaxing is not something you like to do, you can also try doing something else to release the negative energy. This can include making noise, hitting your pillow, splashing cold water on your face, or stretching. Here’s an exercise that might help: 5-Sense Distraction Exercise This activity is about focusing on all your senses as a way of distracting yourself from distressing emotions. Focus on: 5 things you can see and what they look like, 4 things you can touch and how they feel, 3 things you can hear, 2 things you can smell, 1 thing you can taste. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
by Christopher Gerry figures by Michael Gerhardt One of the sad ironies of modern medicine is that painkillers, licit and illicit alike, have brought addiction, suffering, and death to communities across the United States. The prevalence of opioid abuse in particular has skyrocketed over the past few years and shows few signs of abating. In 2014, the most recent year for which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has data, roughly 2.5 million Americans abused opioids and almost 30,000 deaths were attributed to opioid overdoses, a number that’s tripled since 2000. Just in time for election season, legislators from all tiers of government have begun to respond. Proposed measures include changing the way that doctors prescribe opioids, disrupting the supply of illicit drugs, and expanding access to drugs that can reverse opioid overdoses. But which of these strategies is the most effective? For that matter, do any of them actually work? The science of opioid abuse can provide critical insights into these questions so that we can fund the most effective treatment options and maximize our chances of resolving this mounting crisis. Genesis – The Birth of the Opioid Crisis Fixtures in medicine for thousands of years, opioids like morphine and heroin are powerful painkillers that change the way that our bodies respond to pain (Figure 1). Unlike over-the-counter painkillers like Advil, which typically block the production of chemicals that promote inflammation and fever, opioids derive their profound analgesic effects by acting directly in the brain and muting the propagation of pain signals. But however useful opioids may be, their notorious side effects cannot be ignored. Opioid users often suffer from constipation and nausea, and doctors must employ careful dosage regimens to stave off dependence, addiction, and abuse. Potentially fatal overdoses can occur if opioids flood the brain and suppress the signals that regulate breathing. Figure 1: Opioids and Aspirin Reduce Pain in Different Ways. The figure above is a cartoon representation of how different painkillers achieve their therapeutic effects. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like aspirin inhibits the body’s synthesis of chemicals called prostaglandins, which is an indirect way of reducing inflammation, swelling, and pain. Opioids, on the other hand, make the nervous system less effective at transmitting pain signals, so the signals that do make it to the brain are less intense. Physicians’ uneasy relationship with opioids started to spiral out of control in the late 20th century. As the potential dangers of opioid use became more apparent throughout the 1900s, “opiophobia” seeped into clinics around the country. As a result, a federal study in 1992 found that half of surgical patients didn’t have their pain properly managed. Spurred into a dramatic overcorrection by both the government and their oath to “do no harm,” physicians tripled the number of opioid prescriptions they wrote from 1991 to 2013. Unfortunately, initial attempts to curb the resulting rise in prescription opioid abuse unintentionally sent many addicts flocking to illicit opioids like heroin, resulting in a three-fold increase in annual heroin deaths from 2010 to 2014. The severity of the opioid crisis is further compounded by the lack of effective treatment options. Administration of drugs like methadone can subdue cravings and fend off withdrawal symptoms, but methadone is in itself an addictive opioid that’s saddled with many of the side effects of the drugs it’s meant to supplant. Furthermore, addiction remains a poorly understood and highly stigmatized disease. Developing a therapeutic strategy is difficult when you can’t identify your target, but thorough analysis of clinical data can suggest where to aim first. Fighting Fire with Fire – The Science of Opioid Abuse For all of its shortcomings, medication-assisted treatment (MAT) strategies that combine traditional psychosocial therapy with careful opioid administration remain some of the most promising options for curbing opioid abuse. A 2009 review of 11 randomized clinical trials and their 1,969 participants compared the effects of methadone, which is commonly used in MAT, to either placebo- or non-medication-based treatments. Overall, about 60% of patients who received methadone stayed in treatment and abstained from heroin use throughout the study, which is roughly twice the rate of patients who received other therapies. A broader review from 2015 found additional evidence for MAT’s efficacy. Five studies and reviews, including the one described above, were examined simultaneously to generate a dataset that comprised 3,350 patients and three varieties of MAT. In all cases, MAT patients were at least 56% more likely to stay clean than their non-MAT counterparts, with abstinence rates ranging from 20% to 60% (Figure 2). These data also suggest that a mixture of opioids called buprenorphine and naloxone may be comparable to methadone, which is the current “gold standard” for treating opioid abuse. Figure 2: Medication-assisted treatment works. Figure 2: Clinical Evidence Supports MAT-Based Treatments. The graph above shows data from four separate clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of MAT-based treatments (with methadone, buprenorphine, and/or naloxone) to those that did not incorporate medication. The values shown in the graph represent the percentage of patients who abstained from illicit opioid use over the entire course of the clinical trial. In all four cases, the MAT-based treatment resulted in a significantly higher opioid abstinence rate compared to placebo. Data obtained from Connery’s 2015 study in the Harvard Review of Psychiatry. While MAT appears to be reasonably effective at reducing illicit opioid use, freeing patients from opioids altogether remains the ultimate goal. Treatments that include drugs like methadone are sometimes pejoratively called “replacement therapy” or “substitution therapy” because swapping street drugs for prescription narcotics doesn’t necessarily address the underlying biology. As a result, users remain subjected to the deleterious side effects that are common to all opioids, and they often continue to suffer from addiction. Opioid addiction is a drug-induced alteration to the brain’s reward center that leads patients to compulsively and pathologically engage in further substance abuse. Direct treatments for addiction remain elusive, so slowly weaning MAT patients off of their FDA-approved opioid(s) remains a common long-term goal. Methadone, buprenorphine, and naloxone—three of the most common MAT drugs—interact with the brain in different ways (Figure 3). Methadone is a full agonist of the μ-opioid receptor, which means that it activates the same part of the brain that’s targeted by illicit opioids like heroin, doing so with similar potency. One key difference, however, is that orally-dosed methadone is released slowly into the blood stream. Therefore, it’s less susceptible to abuse because it doesn’t produce the short-term euphoric effects that characterize heroin injection. Buprenorphine is similar to methadone in several ways—both drugs are commonly used in long-term treatment plans—but it’s only a partial agonist of the μ-opioid receptor, so the brain’s response is less dramatic. Naloxone, on the other hand, is most often used to reverse opioid overdoses in emergency situations. Instead of activating the μ-opioid receptor, naloxone is an inverse agonist, which re-sensitizes the brain to the signals that most opioids deaden. Importantly, this effect can save a patient’s life if breathing becomes compromised during an overdose. Figure 3 Figure 3: Opioids Can Elicit a Wide Variety of Physiological Responses. The figure above summarizes the physiological effects of (clockwise from top-right) heroin, naloxone, buprenorphine, and methadone on both individual brain cells and the human body as a whole. Opioids’ effects arise largely from their interactions with the μ-opioid receptor (depicted as a black “Y”), which is found throughout the central nervous system. While heroin is a strong activator of this receptor and can provoke dramatic feelings of euphoria, drugs commonly used in MAT typically do not elicit this response and, thus, are less prone to abuse. Strong conclusions regarding ideal treatment strategies are rare, but several themes continue to populate the literature. First, MAT’s pairing of medication with psychosocial therapy appears to be the best option for treating opioid abuse; the usefulness of psychosocial treatments, such as talk therapy, on their own remains unclear. Next, naloxone has developed into an effective frontline response to opioid overdose. In the 15 years following its approval in 1996, the CDC estimates that over ten thousand overdoses were reversed via naloxone administration. It’s also important to remember that doctors’ offices represent some of the most common portals for opioids to enter the population, and evidence suggests that federal oversight can effectively reduce the number of prescriptions that doctors write. Lastly, any successful treatment plan must take a long-term approach as opposed to “quick fixes.” All of these efforts will benefit if addiction is studied and treated like the deadly disease that it is. We The People – The Political Response New Hampshire’s status as a both a swing state and early primary state has played a significant role in bringing the conversation about opioids into the political sphere. The opioid crisis has hit the Granite State particularly hard, sending its per-capita rate of overdose deaths soaring to one of the highest in the nation. As a result, presidential candidates and lawmakers all over the country have begun to discuss anti-abuse policies with newfound fervor. On a federal level, addressing the opioid crisis appears to be one of the few issues that garners bipartisan support…at least on the surface. After President Obama called for $1.1 billion in additional funding earlier this year, Congress overwhelmingly passed the Comprehensive Addiction & Recovery Act (CARA), which is the first major piece of addiction legislation in decades. While many of CARA’s measures support tried-and-true strategies for treating addiction—including several mentioned in this article—partisan wrangling dulled their likely impact. In particular, CARA doesn’t include any direct funding, opting instead to merely authorize the spending increase and rely upon Congress to earmark funds for next year’s federal budget. It also left some of its most effective programs, such as oversight of doctors’ prescribing practices, as voluntary. On a brighter note, CARA supports additional research into the treatment of both pain and addiction. In stark contrast to the federal government, many states have already delivered aggressive policies. For example, New York passed sweeping legislation in June that increases patient access to naloxone, mandates addiction and pain management training to medical professionals, and dramatically lowers barriers to comprehensive treatment plans. Similarly, Minnesota’s legislature expanded statewide access to naloxone back in 2014 and its police officers have focused on providing educational resources to local communities. An encouraging amount of new addiction legislation has eschewed simple or “miracle drug” solutions for scientific, evidence-based approaches. The opioid crisis is oozing its way through the cracks formed by outmoded thinking, and it will continue to do so if government officials don’t act. Saying that this fledging round of policy decisions will impact millions of lives isn’t hyperbole. It’s reality. Christopher Gerry is a third-year graduate student in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University. For more information: 3 thoughts on “Drugs, data, and public policy: What can science teach lawmakers about the opioid crisis? 1. It’s amazing the amount they invest in opiate research, and combating addiction and deaths from opiates. Then when the one natural herbal solution (kratom) starts to make headway, and changing people’s lives in a positive way, the DEA steps in and attempts to label it schedule 1, same class as cocaine or lsd. Kids may laugh at you in school for having to ride the short bus, but you’ll show them when you grow up and get a high paying government job. 2. I have had to take low level opioids for headaches associated with hydrocephalus, and now an autoimmune (likely sarcoidosis) disorder who’s pain dwarfs my hydrocephalus. I’m not a big fan of hydrocodone, and now the government’s new restrictions frustrates me further. I am also a neuroscientist, so I understand the mechanisms of addiction. And I am a big believer and personal user of a number of the integrative arts & therapies. I think we could agree that one distinguishing factor in health care in the U.S. versus Europe is in the use & coverage of integrative arts. And I must ask with so much data on opioid addiction, why isn’t there more utilization of integrative therapies, and why isn’t there a patient profile test to determine the likely long & short term effectiveness & risks of the various pain meds & modalities? This would seem it could help predict how specific patients would respond to specific pain management regimens. I can’t help but think that limited insurance reimbursement of integrative therapies, the financial interests of drug co’s, and government agencies looking to expand the scope of their authority — all play a significant role in this crisis. And this needs to be addressed. 3. Overall, I think you nicely put everything together. I do want to point out that oral methadone is not slowly released into the blood stream. Onset is 0.5 to 1 hour, it takes about 1 – 7.5 hour for the blood to have a peak concentration. The reason why methadone is used for opioid addiction is its long elimination half-life, 8 – 59 hours for adults. Most patients with a daily dose can maintain a stable blood concentration which helps them overcome cravings. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published.
All About Mercury Explore Mercury! Click and drag to rotate the planet. Scroll or pinch to zoom in and out. Credit: NASA Visualization Technology Applications and Development (VTAD) Along with Venus, Earth, and Mars, Mercury is one of the rocky planets. It has a solid surface that is covered with craters. It has no atmosphere, and it doesn’t have any moons. Mercury likes to keep things simple. This small planet spins around slowly compared to Earth, so one day lasts a long time. Mercury takes 59 Earth days to make one full rotation. A year on Mercury goes by fast. Because it’s the closest planet to the sun, it doesn’t take very long to go all the way around. It completes one revolution around the sun in just 88 Earth days. If you lived on Mercury, you’d have a birthday every three months! A day on Mercury is not like a day here on Earth. For us, the sun rises and sets each and every day. Because Mercury has a slow spin and short year, it takes a long time for the sun to rise and set there. Mercury only has one sunrise every 180 Earth days! Isn't that weird? a cartoon of Mercury smiling, and saying, I'm pretty small. Structure and Surface • Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system. • Mercury is a terrestrial planet. It is small and rocky. • Mercury doesn't really have an atmosphere. Time on Mercury • A day on Mercury lasts 59 Earth days. • A year on Mercury lasts 88 Earth days. Mercury’s Neighbors • Mercury does not have any moons. • Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. • Venus is Mercury’s neighboring planet. Quick History • Mercury has been known since ancient times because it can be seen without advanced telescopes. • Mercury has been visited by two spacecraft: Mariner 10 and MESSENGER. What does Mercury look like? A photo of Mercury that looks like a crescent. The light grey color can be seen as well as the features of the surface, including craters. Here you can see that Mercury is a light grey color. A photo of Mercury's surface showing craters. This is Mercury's northern horizon as seen by the MESSENGER spacecraft during its third flyby. A photo of one whole lit side of Mercury. It has craters and lightly colored splotches. The big, star-shaped crater towards the bottom of the globe is named Debussy. A photo of Mercury with colors added and lightened to show surface features like craters. This picture of Mercury has colors added so you can better see the surface differences and craters. For more information visit: NASA Solar System Exploration article last updated September 1, 2021 More Less More Less
See How UGC Captured Hurricane Ida’s Trail of Destruction This year’s Hurricane Ida was the most intense tropical cyclone to affect Louisania since Katrina; it also caused catastrophic flooding across the Northeastern United States. Through an interactive map, we show you the key moments. Storyful has charted the course of Hurricane Ida using on-the-ground footage, satellite imagery, and real-time evidence from members of the public, as well as eyewitness accounts by first responders, search and rescue operations. On August 29, Hurricane Ida barrelled into the Louisiana coast with 150 mile-per-hour winds, knocking out power to more than 1 million people. It devastated the town of Grand Isle, and triggered the most oil spills seen from space since the federal government started using satellites to track spills and leaks a decade ago. On September 1, Ida was downgraded to a post-tropical cyclone as its remnants began impacting densely populated areas on the East Coast, including New York City. Rainfall records were shattered in various locations, prior to the storm moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. At least 82 people have died due to Ida and the devastation it left across 8 states. Many of the most dramatic visuals from Ida were captured by local residents, and verified in real-time by Storyful’s newsroom. Ida was part of a broader outbreak of extreme weather seen across the West this summer. It also coincided with a big push by media outlets to devote more attention to extreme major weather events as they examine how climate change impacts weather patterns. In August, scientists with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) noted a pattern of storms intensifying more rapidly, and packing more moisture. Heavy precipitation caused by warming air is one of the hallmarks of a changing climate. This summer, Storyful monitored storms in western Germany and Belgium that dumped six inches of rain in 24 hours, washing away communities and leaving at least 196 dead. In Zhenghzou, China, 7.95 inches fell in a single hour on July 20, trapping passengers in the city’s subway tunnels. Among some 300 who died, 14 drowned in the city’s subway system. In the days before Ida’s landfall, a historic storm brought as much as 17 inches of rain in a 24-hour period in parts of Middle Tennessee, leaving twenty people dead. Damage caused by Ida along its more than 1,000 mile overland path could surpass $95 billion, according to projections. By some estimates, the storm caused up to $24 billion in damage in the Northeast alone. While it remains to be seen whether Ida was part of immediate or long-term pattern weather conditions, it bore many of the same calling cards of a changing climate. On October 31, world leaders will gather in Glasgow, Scotland, for the UN Climate Change Conference, where they will try to reach an agreement to cut fossil fuels, reduce carbon emissions and limit climate change. Before it’s here, it’s on Newswire by Storyful. For 24-7 on-the-scene weather news verified for immediate use, contact the Storyful sales team at
Optical Media Media, in the computer world, refers to various types of data storage. For example, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, and USB drives are all different types of media. Optical media refers to discs that are read by a laser. This includes CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and all the variations of the two formats -- CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R, Blu-ray, and many others. Optical media typically does not have as fast of a seek time as hard drives (the time it takes to access information on different parts of the disk), but it has many other advantages. Because optical discs are not based on magnetic charges like hard drives are, the discs are less likely to lose their data and have a longer shelf life -- around seven times longer than magnetic media. The discs are also more durable than hard drives and are much cheaper to produce, making them great for backups and for transferring small amounts of data between different computers. Updated February 28, 2008 Definitions by TechTerms.com The definition of Optical Media on this page is an original TechTerms.com definition. If you would like to reference this page or cite this definition, you can use the green citation links above. The goal of TechTerms.com is to explain computer terminology in a way that is easy to understand. We strive for simplicity and accuracy with every definition we publish. If you have feedback about the Optical Media definition or would like to suggest a new technical term, please contact us. Sign up for the free TechTerms Newsletter How often would you like to receive an email? Questions? Please contact us.
Where Do The Chips Fall in the Energy Transformation? We explore the digitization of the grid and its impact on the semiconductor industry Chris Shore Headshot Posted on 31st January 2022 By Chris Shore, Director, Endpoint AI Ecosystem, Arm Energy Smart Cities Sustainability Reading Time: 6 mins Where Do The Chips Fall in the Energy Transformation? The energy industry is in the first stages of a once-in-a-century transformation. And one of the most important aspects of this shift is that EVs, solar farms, grid equipment, and appliances will inherently rely more on digital technologies. As Hamed Heyhat, General Manager of Grid Automation at General Electric, says, “decarbonization cannot happen without digitization of the grid.” So how will we see that impact roll out in the chip industry? 1. The grid becomes a network Power grids have been called the most complex machines ever built. Utilities deliver power to millions of customers spread over thousands of square miles in real-time on a 24/7 basis. But flexible they aren’t. Utilities have little visibility into how much power you consume and even less control over how much you use. For a margin of error, they invest in expensive, little-used peaker plants. California alone has 17GW of peaker plans and they are used less than 15 percent of the time. Transforming the grid into a smart, multi-directional network – where finessing power loads with AI and processing replaces the brute force of excess capacity– is already underway. Span has created a smart electrical panel powered by a quad-core Arm processor and AI that effectively turns a home into a microgrid: residents can run their home from a car during natural disasters or shut off appliances remotely to save money. Enphase, meanwhile, has developed its own Arm-based ASICs for powering microinverters to increase solar output, controlling battery systems and selling excess power to utilities. In New England, utilities are offering customers up to $1,000 a year for letting them have limited access to battery systems on select days. Inverters and optimizers “smartened up” with CPUs and software have gone 30 percent to 80+ percent of the U.S. residential market. Demand for visibility grows exponentially as you move to distribution and transmission networks. Edge Impulse is experimenting with computer vision at the edge to spot faults and fires more quickly while Awesense, is building renewable microgrids for corporate campuses. It has set a goal of avoiding 100 million tons of CO2 by 2025. Because of the stringent safety requirements in this market, one can anticipate that some of the design ideas for isolating workloads and/or ensuring reliability integrated into ADAS systems for cards will increasingly find their way into these devices. 2. So do buildings Critics might argue that outfitting every home with a quad-core CPU won’t fundamentally boost shipment volumes. There are only around 140 million residences and nearly 6 million commercial buildings in the U.S., putting the TAM for smart building controllers in this country at 150 million. But smart building systems have to talk to something. Appliance manufacturer Arcelik has found that running relatively simple AI algorithms at the edge can reduce refrigerator power consumption by 10 percent. Deployed across Europe, this could replace nine power plants. Aquaseca is developing a device that uses sound recognition to detect pipe leaks: insurers are testing devices like this to put a dent in the annual $13 billion worth of water damage claims. The space, power and thermal constraints of household appliances also make intriguing testbeds for NPUs. There will be also a flotilla of less intelligent, less programmable, but nonetheless “aware” devices like light bulbs (40 per home) and electrical outlets (75). The volumes of MCUs, flash, embedded communications needed in buildings will reach billions of units while the sophistication of the embedded intelligence will grow over time. 3. Silicon boosts renewables Most of the costs of solar and wind facilities occur upfront during the construction of the plant. The largest variable cost factors are downtime and maintenance. At wind farms, the main culprits are the bearings moving the nacelle and blades. Running a turbine to fail can cost $150,000 worth of repairs and lost production with the turbine often going back to the shop. Pre-emptively repairing them in situ via IoT and 5G or LTE runs $5,000. While there are few if any moving parts in solar fields, pre-emptive repairs via IoT and AI could boost profits at a 50MW solar plant by $500,000 a year, or $17 million over its lifetime. (Added bonus: the CPU in the inverter can be leveraged for many of these tasks). Utilities such as Arizona Public Service are managing solar plants spanning thousands of square miles with small crews because of this sensory awareness. There is no shortage of data for AI algorithms to analyze: a 1MW wind farm will produce 9x more data than its fossil counterpart while a solar plant will generate 40x more. How big is the opportunity? The IEA estimates that we will need $4 trillion a year in clean energy investment starting in 2030. Solar and wind are expected to grow from 10 percent of worldwide capacity now to 70 percent by 2050. 4. The not CMOS industry charges up Battery packs have plunged in price from around $1,200 per kilowatt/hour to $135 over the last decade. A good proportion of the gains came through the magic of volume manufacturing. Reducing the price to $45 per kwh by 2035 will require re-engineering storage. Silicon Carbine (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductors can increase power conversion and efficiency of inverters and SoC. In turn, that translates to more miles for an EV, more hours of off-grid power in a home, and/or smaller, more affordable battery packs. GaN and SiC can also accelerate EV charging or reduce transmission and distribution losses on the grid. Deployment gets simplified as well: an SiC-based solid-state transformer that would fit into a suitcase can replace 8,000 pounds of copper wire inside a traditional transformer. Sic and GaN have existed for years, but the volume demand has been comparatively low. A switch in fuel source changes the picture. Ford and other manufacturers reportedly are signing deals to lock up capacity. 5. Design and manufacturing get clean The push toward sustainability will also mean that the semiconductor industry itself will have to become more energy efficient. Last year, TSMC signed an agreement to obtain 920 MW of offshore wind for running fab operations. The company is now one of the ten largest purchasers of renewables in the world. (And will intermittency be a problem? Bloomberg New Energy Finance estimates that spare storage capacity in UPSes could provide gigawatts of capacity to the grid.) Meanwhile, we will all find ways to reduce the time, energy, and emissions involved in design, test, and verification. Arm, for instance, has begun to shift many design processes to the cloud. We anticipate this will help us reduce data center energy by 45 percent while accelerating tasks by 6x in some instances. The long and winding road The power and utility industry is somewhat different than many traditional electronics markets. Technology investments often have to be approved by public commissions. Technology trials can take years. The heightened concern for safety also requires suppliers to meet stringent requirements. But we do know this: the change is coming and Arm, together with the rest of our industry, will play a large part in it.” Report: Decarbonizing Compute How the Arm Ecosystem Is Laying the Foundation for a Net-Zero Emissions Future This blog originally appeared on Semiconductor Engineering Sign up to receive the latest from Arm Blueprint
Why dont buses have seatbelts? Why don’t kids have to wear seat belts on school buses? … “Transport Canada has not deemed seat belts to be mandatory, and basically their rationale is that the school bus safety record is so excellent,” said David Carroll, Legislation and Safety Consultant to the Ontario School Bus Association (OSBA). Why do busses not have seat belts? Why dont UK buses have seatbelts? Why don’t UK public buses have seatbelts? – Quora. In the UK, if the vehicle permits standees (standing passengers) seatbelts are not fitted. It is not appropriate to allow half the passengers to have more safety than the other half. On any vehicle that doesn’t permit standing passengers, seatbelts are compulsory. INTERESTING: Difference between draught beer and normal beer? Should buses have seat belts? However, there are drawbacks to not having seat belts. … To date, only eight states – California, Florida, Louisiana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York and Texas – require seat belts on school buses. Can the bus driver kick a bad kid off his bus? Yes it’s legally to do so for the safety of the bus driver and the other kids on the bus. When there’s a kid on a bus being obnoxious and being mean or rude to the kids. Why do school buses not have AC? Most school buses do not have air conditioning; do not have adequate air movement and bus companies fail to provide drinking water on the bus; or an opportunity for the driver (or passengers/schoolchildren) to cool down. Is it illegal to not wear a seatbelt on a bus? All coach passengers sitting in seats that are in line with, or in front of, the driver (apart from those on an upper deck) must use the seatbelts that are fitted. Passengers using any other seats in coaches are not required by law to wear seatbelts. However, it is strongly advised. What is the penalty for not wearing a seatbelt in the UK? Under current legislation, drivers face a £100 fine for not wearing a seatbelt at the wheel. This can rise to £500 if found guilty in court, but without the threat of points on their licence. Does every passenger have to wear a seatbelt? Children from 6 to 15 must always wear a seatbelt. … California – California takes their seat belt laws seriously. “The Golden State” cites extensive evidence that seat belts save lives for their strong seat belt laws. Every adult over the age of 16 years must wear an approved seat belt. INTERESTING: What is the difference between ayurvedic and traditional chinese medicine? Do seatbelts make buses safer? No data proves conclusively that seat belts reduce fatalities or injuries on school buses. School buses are specifically designed with safety in mind. They are heavier and experience less crash force than smaller cars and trucks. School buses also have high padded seats specifically design to absorb impact. What state does not require seat belts? Are school buses safer than cars? How should you behave on a bus? Do school buses have AC? Even if a bus has air conditioning, there is zero outside air induced through it. Some buses do have small dash HVAC systems that bring in small amounts of outside air, but the only outside air that typically comes into a school bus is through an open window or vent. When did buses get air conditioning? Above, San Antonio touts “The World’s First Air-Conditioned City Bus” in 1946, based on (below) the pioneering work done by Carrier engineers for the Nairn Transport Co. of Beirut in 1937. Are school buses air-conditioned in Texas? TYLER, Texas — With students riding the bus each day, air conditioning is a major concern for parents. The Texas Department of Safety requires all new buses to have air conditioning that goes through testing before the vehicle is approved for sale. Back to top button Adblock Detected
Urinary Incontinence Approved by the Cancer.Net Editorial Board, 01/2021 Types of bladder control problems (incontinence) Stress incontinence. Urine leaks out during activities such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, or exercising. Overflow incontinence. Urine leaks out when your bladder is full. Urge incontinence. You feel the urge to go to the bathroom right away and urine leaks before you can get to the bathroom. Continuous incontinence. Urine leaks out constantly, and you cannot control it. These bladder problems can make you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed. Sometimes, people avoid activities they enjoy because of bladder problems. That can affect your quality of life. These are reasons why it is important to tell your health care provider about your experiences. They can help you treat incontinence. The treatment of side effects is an important part of your cancer care and treatment, called palliative care or supportive care. Talk with your health care team about how to treat or manage incontinence. What causes incontinence? Your bladder is a hollow organ, similar to a balloon. It expands to hold the urine your body makes. Nerves in the area tell you when your bladder is full, and the bladder muscles help you store and hold urine until you are ready to release it. Cancer or cancer treatment can damage the nerves, muscles, and other systems that help control urine flow. The causes of incontinence during cancer include: Cancer in the pelvic area. Your pelvic area includes the bladder and reproductive organs. Cancers in this area include: Brain or spinal cord cancers. These cancers can affect nerves that help control your bladder or pelvic muscles. Lung cancer or esophageal cancer. These cancer can cause coughing that puts pressure on the bladder. This pressure causes you to leak urine. Certain cancer treatments. Some cancer treatments can raise your risk of urinary incontinence. These include: • Radiation to the pelvic area can irritate the bladder. • Cancer medications including chemotherapy can cause nerve damage, vomiting that puts stress on the bladder, irritation of the bladder, or hormone changes. Having less of certain hormones can make incontinence worse. • Surgery to the pelvic area can damage the muscles or nerves that help control urine. • Treatments that can cause early menopause, lower the level of the hormone estrogen, or both. • Medication that causes your body to make more urine or increase the amount of water in the body can make incontinence worse. How is urinary incontinence diagnosed? Talk with your health care team if you have a problem controlling your bladder. They will work with you to figure out the reason. They may recommend you writing down some details about your urination, including when you urinate, how often you urinate, and how much liquid is released. This is called a "voiding diary." Your health care provider may also give you the following tests: • Tests on a sample of your urine to look for an infection or other problems. • A test where you cough as hard as you can when your bladder is full. • Tests to measure pressure in your bladder. • Tests to measure how well your urine is flowing. • An ultrasound. This uses sound waves to create a picture of your bladder and the other body parts that control urine. • A cystoscopy. This test uses a small, lighted tube to look inside your bladder. • An X-ray of your bladder. How is incontinence treated? Your health care team can usually manage incontinence. The right treatment for you depends on what type you have, what caused it, how severe it is, and how long you have had it. You might need more than 1 treatment at a time. Bladder training. Bladder training is a way to treat incontinence without medication. Health care providers may start with bladder training before trying other treatment options. Bladder training, sometimes called bladder retraining, can include these steps: • Learning to wait to urinate, even after you have the urge to go • Going to the bathroom at specific times • Controlling how much and when you drink and eat • Biofeedback, which uses a small device to learn to control the muscles that hold urine Physical therapy. Working with a physical therapist can help you control your bladder. During physical therapy, you may do Kegel exercises to help strengthen the muscles that hold in urine. Electrical stimulation can also be used to strengthen muscles. Medication. Medication that can help control your bladder includes: • Oxybutynin (Ditropan, Ditropan XL) or tolterodine (Detrol, Detrol LA). These medications calm an overactive bladder. An overactive bladder is when you have to urinate often and right away, which can cause leaks. • Duloxetine (Cymbalta) or imipramine (Tofranil). These medications are used to treat depression, and they can also help with bladder problems. • Collagen or botulinum toxin (Botox, Dysport) injections. Collagen can be injected to thicken the part of the bladder that lets urine out. An injection of botulinum toxin (Botox, Dysport) can relax bladder muscles. Medical devices. There are medical devices that can help with bladder problems. One example is a pessary, which is worn in the vagina to support the bladder. Estrogen cream. A vaginal cream with a low dose of estrogen can help with damage caused by menopause. Surgery. In some cases, surgery may be needed. During surgery, a sling is placed around the bladder and urethra to keep them closed. Urine flows through the urethra after leaving the bladder. Using a catheter. You can place a small, thin tube called a catheter through the urethra and into the bladder. This can help control leaks. How can I manage incontinence at home? Incontinence can be uncomfortable and disruptive. It can cause sleeping problems, make you feel ashamed or angry, or affect your daily life in other ways. In addition to working with your health care team to find the best treatment, there are things you can do at home to help make incontinence better or more comfortable. • Limit how much you drink, especially coffee and alcohol. Avoid foods that can irritate the bladder, including dairy products, citrus fruits, sugar, chocolate, soda, tea, and vinegar. • Go to the bathroom right before bedtime and any vigorous activity. • Wear an absorbent pad inside your underwear or disposable incontinence underwear. • Maintain a healthy weight. Extra weight can put pressure on the bladder and muscles that support it. • Go to the bathroom regularly each day. Do not wait too long or put off going. • Quit smoking. Nicotine can irritate the bladder. It can also make you cough and leak urine. • Do Kegel exercises. Ask your health care team about doing Kegel exercises at home. They can make your bladder stronger. To do Kegel exercises, first tighten the muscles you use to stop the flow of urine. Then, relax those muscles. Repeat the exercise several times. During this exercise, relax the muscles in your belly, buttocks, and thigh. Finally, it can help to find support. Talk with your health care team or join a support group for people with bladder problems. It can help you feel better to know that other people are also dealing with incontinence. Questions to ask the health care team • Who should I contact if I experience incontinence? • Are bladder problems common with the type of cancer I have or the cancer treatment I will receive? • What treatment(s) do you recommend for incontinence? • What can I do at home to be more comfortable? Related Resources Fear of Treatment-Related Side Effects Side Effects of Chemotherapy Side Effects of Radiation Therapy More Information MedlinePlus: Urinary Incontinence
Guide to coffee regions This area is known by several names, such as the “bean belt” or “coffee belt,” but all refer to the same area. This equator encompassing section on earth meets the demands of the picky Arabica coffee plant, and allows for profitable and tasty growing. People who spend their lives in search of finding the best growing region for coffee oftentimes have conflicting opinions. Though, some of the names that seem to come up most often are Ethiopia, Kenya, Guatemala, and Colombia. For many, Ethiopia is number one on a list of best growing regions. Coffee was first discovered in southern Ethiopia, specifically coffee of the Arabica variety, meaning it is the absolute birthplace of coffee, and has been grown there for thousands of years and perfected. All other Arabica coffee grown in other places is essentially just a sort of copy; changing after adapting to the foreign climate and surrounding plants. Ethiopian coffee will usually have sweet fruit notes, as well as floral aromas, and will be full bodied, full flavored, bold, but also very balanced. Coffee from Ethiopia is the most “pure” coffee anyone can get. Guatemala’s growing conditions are quite unique to the region; having miles and miles of nutrient rich volcanic soil, and a plethora of hilly landscapes. Containing several microclimates, such as Antigua, Guatemalan coffee will usually have notes of coco and spices with a sweetly balanced and full bodied profile. Coffee in Kenya is grown on the foothills of Mt. Kenya, and thanks to research done about a century ago, the perfect coffee plant variety for Kenya was engineered. This variety, known as SL28, puts Kenya high up in the list for many, and also put the country on the map of fantastic coffee. Kenyan coffee undergoes a strictly controlled and monitored processing system, in which all of the coffee is guaranteed to taste amazing. Kenyan coffee will usually have a very bright and acidic taste, coupled with a pleasant full body. Colombia is one of the most widely known coffee producing nation, and is usually the first place to pop into people’s heads when growing regions are brought up. Like many other areas, coffee in Colombia is grown on smaller farms, in which a high standard for quality is a dominating factor. Colombian coffee is known to be quite soft on the palate with a bright acidity, and will have notes of fresh fruit as well. Though, Colombia is home to some of the most diverse microclimates, meaning that beans from a farm a few miles away might taste completely different. Keep in mind that a favorite growing region is completely personal preference, putting the drinker’s opinion far above that of any coffee master.
Categories: Careers Basic Guide To Careers In Sociology (2021) Have you at any point considered how do society and its elements work? Individuals who study society and social behavior by examining the social institutions, organisations, cultures, groups, and processes that create when individuals live, work and interact together are sociologists. In this article, we will discuss different angles and careers in sociology. As a sociologist, one will work and lead many research tasks to test hypotheses and study social issues. They collect information through interviews, observations, surveys, and they tend to analyze them. They regularly utilize both qualitative and quantitative techniques when conducting research, and they oftentimes utilize statistical analysis programs during the research interaction. Sociology, as a subject, has a wide range of topics. These include: 1. Family Issues 2. Causes of Social Inequality 3. Marital Advantages and Disadvantages 4. Dynamics of Ageing 5. Public Policy 6. Deviance in Society 7. Professional Roles 8. Dynamics of Group Interaction 9. Divorce Causes 10. Gender Roles 11. Criminology 12. Mass Attitude Development, etc. 1. Eligibility to Study Sociology 2. Career Options in Sociology 3. What Do Sociologists Study? 4. Best Jobs for Sociology Degree Holders 1. Eligibility to Study Sociology If you intend to pursue careers in sociology, you can opt on a BA course at the graduation level and afterward seek a post-graduation degree in sociology or a connected field, which is offered by the majority of the colleges and universities. • For BA in Sociology: To select a B.A. course in sociology, the candidate should finish his or her 10 2 examinations, ideally with sociologies as a subject. • For MA in Sociology: The candidate should finish their undergraduate in sociologies with 60% as the minimum marks or grade. 2. Career Options in Sociology Careers in sociology are both effective and satisfying. Large numbers of us have tried to create an impact on society, and the careers in sociology bring this chance close. Here are some of the most well-known sociology career options: 1. Social Worker: A career in assisting individuals and promoting societies, which practically determines a social worker, is the most pursued occupation for sociology candidates. 2. Rehabilitation Counsellor: If you are willing towards assisting the youths of their society, these professions in social science are ideal for you. Rehabilitation counsellors utilise their counselling methods learned in social science to control young people who have been deceived into settling on wrong choices throughout everyday life, who have committed a tort and have finished their humility, and the individuals who have been traumatised or abused by life circumstances. 3. Survey Researcher: As the name recommends, survey researchers lead surveys to settle on different choices. These incorporate noticing patterns of political and social issues, culture and health, and how users are responding to a specific service or product. 4. Administrative Support: Top educational organisations require experts who can evaluate individual and mass psychology, comprehend troubleshoot issues and human behaviour. 5. Policy Analyst: Sociologists need to contemplate policies in their educational course. That is the reason they are recruited as policy analysts to notice social issues and prescribe officials to address these issues. 6. Family Counsellor: Sociologists are capable counsellors, and that is the reason their ability can be used in family counselling. 7. HR Specialist: A piece of being a social scientist incorporates collaborating with a large number of individuals consistently. 8. Journalist: For candidates with a talent for writing and a decent grip of recognising mass attitude and examine social issues, journalism is the ideal alternative. 3. What Do Sociologists Study? Sociologists study individuals’ social lives, processes, interactions, behaviours, activities, and associations within the context of bigger economic, political, and social powers. They inspect what social influences mean for various groups and individuals and the manners in which institutions and organisations influence individuals’ lives. • Employment Opportunities for Sociologists With a variety of careers in sociology, candidates can anticipate a splendid future as sociologists. From the executive’s jobs in worldwide corporate firms to managerial parts in the public area, sociologists can utilise their skills and knowledge to have a positive outcome in society and earn a living. 4. Best Jobs for Sociology Degree Holders • Teaching Sector: 1. Teaching English as a Second language 2. Elementary Teaching 3. Special Education 4. Secondary Teaching • Business Sector: 1. Public Relations 2. Media 3. Marketing & Sales 4. Entrepreneurship 5. Consumer Research 6. Training 7. Human Resources Management 8. Real Estate 9. Insurance • Social Services Sector: 1. Local, State and Federal Agencies 2. Recreation 3. Rehabilitation 4. Social Work 5. Case Management 6. Administration 7. Youth and Elderly Services • Community Services Sector: 1. Advocacy 2. Non-profit Agencies 3. Environmental Groups 4. Urban Planning 5. Community Development 6. Child Care • Publishing Sector: 1. Journalism 2. Professional Writing 3. Editing 4. Research • Health Services Sector: 1. Health Insurance Providers 2. Family Planning 3. Rehabilitation Counselling 4. Hospital Admissions 5. Substance Abuse Education • Law Sector: 1. Para-legal 2. Criminal Justice 3. Law Enforcement 4. Attorney 5. Investigations 6. Judicial Affairs 7. Probation and Parole Administration • Higher Education Sector: 1. Administrative Support 2. Admissions 3. Development 4. Advising 5. Alumni Relations The purpose of careers in sociology is to efficiently see how people and groups create, manage and change social connections, social designs and systems after some time. There is more consciousness about sociology in the UK or US than in India. The expanding interest among students and great course structure with serious on-field projects and field trips offered by Indian colleges will continuously build the sociology scope in India. Also Read Ajay Ohri Published by Ajay Ohri Recent Posts Books on Analytics Career in analytics in a KPO Indian companies using analytics IBM: Betting big on analytics How to build a successful career in analytics What’s the sentiment on “sentiment analysis”?
"Smudging" in the New Year Updated: Mar 13, 2020 What is Energy? Ask a group of people what the word "energy" means to them, and chances are you will get different definitions from each of them. Some define energy as the power required to "do work", or more scientifically, part of the electromagnetic system that powers your home and cars. Others may describe energy as a field or feeling, that is emitted from individuals and can be shared or passed on. When we look at the word "energy" through the lenses of Yoga, we come upon three types. We have neutral energy, that's neither good nor bad, and is an example of the energy that flows through your home appliances and gadgets. This type of energy doesn't affect most of our daily lives in any significant way. It simply exists outside our field of notice. Next we have positive energy. Positive meaning "good or helpful" in this definition. Positive energy is emitted from living things, and can be shared among those things. For most of us, we begin our day emitting positive energy and it can either increase or decrease in our electromagnetic fields as we move through our day. Think about a time when you could feel the mood of a room. Could be at a sports party after a win, or among volunteers at an animal shelter. These are examples of times when we can feel the energy being released from other beings in a positive way. Typically these positive feelings make us feel happy and fulfilled as well, even if we just entered the room. Finally, if there is positive energy, there must also be negative energy. This is the Yin and Yang of our world; an embedded desire to strive towards balance in our lives. Negative energy, like positive energy, can accumulate and be passed on from one living thing to another. Now, as humans, if we are open and accepting of others and their energies, we will inevitably collect some negative energy through our day. Some people may identify themselves as "Empaths" or a person who is particularity sensitive to the emotions of other living things. Regardless of whether we notice it or not, we are all collecting and releasing energy as we move through our lives. Some people may be more susceptible to other living thing's energies than others. People who internalize and take on other's problems and feelings are more at risk of absorbing negative energy. Physical energy affects every aspect of our existence. It affects our thoughts, patterns and interactions with ourselves and others. This type of energy is incredibly powerful and can affect our psyche. If we find ourselves flooded in chronic negative energy, it will ultimately manifest itself as dis-ease in the body. Luckily, we have a significant amount of control over the energy we emit and accept. Thinking positively ultimately leads to goodness and vice versa. This is why surrounding ourselves with uplifting and kind companions is so important to our health. Sacred Space After a full day of being busy, as we tend to be, most of us come home to our sacred space. This could be your entire house, or maybe your bedroom or space that is just yours. As we take off our shoes, and hang up our coats, we shed ourselves of another layer- a layer of that electromagnetic field that's stuck with us all day. As we enter the comfort of our sacred spaces we no longer need the outer most layers of our energy fields to protect us. Most of what does not serve us gets left at the door. But what happens to this energy? It accumulates. Just as it accumulates in your Aura, and magnetic field, it will linger in areas of your sacred space as well. This is where energy cleansing comes in. Energy Cleansing & Smudging While it is not necessary that we totally understand or have full knowledge of what we have taken on that is not ours, the ritual of cleansing our spaces is beneficial to anyone who is open to it. We start by checking in with ourselves, noting how we are feeling in our physical and emotional bodies that day. Take a few minutes and sit in complete silence. Maybe closing your eyes as you scan the body for any discomfort that arises. Remember, this is not a time for self-criticism. Simply become aware of any sensations in the mind and body, and be at ease with what you uncover. Tell yourself that you're going to release any energy that doesn't serve you anymore. If you like, you can light a candle and repeat that phrase until it resonates with you. Keep in mind, this process will feel different for everyone, and there is no perfect way of doing it. Allow this time to be yours. Once you've contemplated your day, and committed to releasing any negative energy that still surrounds your physical body you can move onto smudging. The burning of sage and ritualistic use of fire clears your space of all energy- good and bad. This creates an open and welcoming environment for you to step into the New Year with. Follow the directions below or create your own pattern. Sage Smudging always practice fire safety. never allow burning sage out of your site. be cautious of pets and children. always put out sage bundle with water 1. Set aside 15-20 minutes of uninterrupted time. Quite your space. Starting at your front door, light a small candle and us it to ignite the end of your sage bundle. Once lit, allow to burn a few seconds then blow out. * You may want to use a small bowl to keep your sage stick in, to catch any falling embers. 2. Gently with intention, waft the sage bundle around the frame of the front door. You may chose to repeat an intention as you move through your space if you like. I usually choose an intention like- "release and let go of all energy in my home". Choose something that resonates with you. 3. Move clockwise through your space. Spending extra time in doorways and corners where energy tends to accumulate and linger. Remember to breathe deeply. 4. Once you've made it back to your front door, repeat your intention one last time. Starting at your feet, waft the sage bundle up your body, sending any excess energy out through the Crown Chakra. 5. Blow out your candle and breathe deeply for several breaths. 6. Follow fire safety rules and put out your sage bundle with water. 7. Repeat as necessary, up to once a week. Making sure to smudge with the change of each season. Thank you for reading. I wish everyone the most wonderful New Year! May this year bring you peace & joy. Feel free to reach out to us if you have any questions. 46 views0 comments Recent Posts See All
Skip Navigation Range & Pasture Cows Grazing in Pasture Pasture is land where the primary vegetation produced is grasses, clovers and other forbes (herbaceous plants) for grazing. Maine’s climate during the growing season is well-suited to pasture production. These lands provide forage for beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep, goats, horses and other types of domestic livestock. Many species of wildlife also depend on these lands for food and cover. Well-managed pastures are healthier and more productive than unmanaged pastures, and are more resilient to changes in climate, such as drought. Well-managed pastures may also provide a cutting of hay on some portion of them, or may be “stockpiled” for late-season grazing. NRCS works with producers to protect natural resources and improve pasture productivity. A typical farm pasture plan includes a prescribed grazing plan to ensure that pastures are not over-grazed, and may also include some infrastructure practices to facilitate grazing management. Fence may be used to exclude livestock from sensitive areas and water bodies and/or to facilitate pasture rotation and management. Watering facilities, animal trails, and improved heavy use areas may be planned when and where they are appropriate. The way a pasture is managed has a profound effect on its ability to produce both quantity and quality of feed. The management and condition of the pasture also has an effect on the surrounding resources and environment. Over-grazed pastures have higher rates of precipitation runoff during storm events. This means, for instance, that much-needed summer rain does not infiltrate into the root zone where it could be utilized by pasture plants that may really need it. In addition, runoff from unmanaged pastures can contribute significant sediment, nutrients and pathogens to receiving water bodies. Central to a productive pasture is the fertility and pH level of the soils. Without a pH in the appropriate range, plant nutrients are not available for the forage plants to uptake. A Soils Test will provide this information, along with lime and fertility recommendations. For more information, see Nutrient Management. Pasture Management The keys to good pasture management are: 1. Having the appropriate quantity of livestock for the size and production capacity of the acres being grazed; also known as the appropriate stocking rate, or forage/animal balance. 2. Implementing a rotational grazing system based upon forage rest and recovery. An NRCS Prescribed Grazing Plan provides a starting point for developing a grazing system. A planner will help the producer to estimate the amount of forage need for the desired number and type of animals, the appropriate paddock size for the desired grazing period, and the total acres of grazing land needed for the system. It is to be emphasized that it is only a starting point. In practice, some things will need to be altered, especially as time goes on and a pasture responds to the new management. • Good rotational pasture management is based upon using target grazing heights and/or physiological stage of the pasture forages to determine when and where to move animals. A rotational system allows forages to recover prior to each subsequent grazing. • Pastures are divided into smaller units, or paddocks, and animals are moved into a fresh paddock at one- to seven-day intervals depending upon livestock species and lifestage, forage regrowth rate, and the producer’s availability to move animals. Paddocks are sized to provide the needed amount of feed for the desired grazing period length. • Target grazing forage heights are between 6 and 12 inches; ideally before the plants become stemmy and too mature to provide nutritious feed. Animals are removed from a paddock when ½ of the leaf matter is removed. When more than 50% of leaf material is removed during a grazing period, root growth is significantly impacted, plant recovery is slower, and total productivity of the pasture falls. • The pasture manager should resist the urge to allow animals to “clean up” as much of the forage as possible before moving the herd to the next paddock. The leafy forage that is left behind will generate more growth more quickly than forage that is grazed to a point where only stubble remains. Leaves are the plants’ solar collectors, which generate energy from the sun. When they are removed, plants must utilize stored energy, which weakens them. Two adages for graziers to manage by: “It takes grass to grow grass.” “Take half, leave half.” Of note: • Smaller animals such as sheep are generally not expected to graze forage that is taller than 6-8 inches. • Goats, although smaller like sheep, are browsers by nature, and may prefer very tall plants, flowering plants, some weeds, and brushy vegetation when they can get them. • Livestock are more susceptible to internal parasites when they graze down shorter than 4 inches. Maine Grass Farmers Network (MGFN) University of Vermont Pasture and Grazing Management Grazing Management - Grazed and Ungrazed Pastures Photo: Excellent grazing management. (Left) Residue left after animals are removed. (Right) Next paddock ready to be grazed.
For those lucky enough to acquire a property with a thriving orchard, the benefits are obvious in the first year. What’s not immediately clear is all the decision-making and patience that were necessary in the beginning. There’s an old proverb: “The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago. The second-best time is today.” That certainly applies to fruits. Once established, though, one can expect years of production. Blueberries, for instance, can produce for up to 50 years. Standard apples and pears can be productive for 35 to 45 years. Consider fruits a multigenerational investment. In addition to being long-lived, fruits are versatile, both in terms of usage and storage capacity. Fruits can be eaten fresh or rendered into jams, jellies, juices, fruit leathers, cider, and wine. They can be frozen, canned, or dehydrated. Some late-season apple varieties like Arkansas Black, Stayman, Pink Lady, and Fuji can keep up to five months if stored in a cool and humid environment. The Planning Phase Regardless of which fruits make sense for your situation, some basic homework beforehand will ensure successful establishment. Site selection is important. Vegetable gardens are challenging on sloped terrain, but fruits and slopes are a great fit. Placing fruits on a high point of the landscape allows heavy, cold air to flow past the plants rather than settling right on top of them. Be mindful that south-facing slopes warm up quicker in the winter, which sounds like a positive, but it can also encourage earlier blooming and subsequent damage by late frosts. Soil testing is always a good idea. Contact your local Cooperative Extension Service about their procedures and fees. Normally, soil testing costs will range from free to $10. The results will give you an indication not only of nutrient needs, but also the natural pH of your soil. A soil pH between 6 and 6.5 will be perfect for tree fruits, strawberries, grapes, and brambles, such as raspberries and blackberries. Blueberries need more acidity, so a pH of 4.5 to 5.2 should be the target. If your score is too low, it can be raised with limestone. If too high, adjustment with sulfur may be in order. PawPaw Fruit Above: Pawpaw is a native fruit reminiscent in flavor to a banana, but the mushy texture is a turnoff to some. The number of fruit cultivars is overwhelming, but a good starting point would be to speak with neighbors. What fruits have done well for them? Universities in your state with an agricultural program will periodically publish variety trials for common fruits, and while the list isn’t exhaustive, it can at least provide insight into a handful of varieties that do well. As an example, search online for “Growing blueberries in [your state] .edu.” A lot of first-time fruit growers make the mistake of planting supermarket varieties they’ve enjoyed — think Honeycrisp apples or Bing cherries — even if those aren’t adapted to their region. A seed will contain genetic material from both parents, and as a result, the fruit produced by the offspring may be unrecognizable. Therefore, asexual propagation (cloning) is best. Grafting is a cheap and easy way to clone an apple or pear tree, and brambles can be easily propagated from cuttings or “tip-layering,” where the tips of trailing canes are covered with soil or mulch, resulting in new roots that can be cut from the mother plant. Strawberries produce “runners,” which can be transplanted to a new location. If obtaining cuttings or other plant materials from friends and neighbors, be mindful of carrying plant diseases home. Did the person giving you these cuttings monitor and manage for disease problems? An argument can be made for only getting plants from reputable nurseries to avoid diseases, but neighbors have been sharing plants since the dawn of time. At least visually inspect those runners or cuttings to ensure they look healthy. survival garden bees polinating Above: Native bees can pollinate fruit crops more efficiently than honeybees can, in a lot of situations. We’ve learned a lot over the last decade about the value of native bees to the pollination of fruit crops. Studies in the Northeast have concluded that, even in the absence of honeybees, native species such as bumblebees, orchard mason bees and leafcutter bees can adequately pollinate commercial orchards. So, don’t let anybody tell you that you have to have honeybees for fruit production. Nonetheless, a colony or two of honeybees on your property provide insurance for those years when native bee populations dip. Another option is to build simple nesting structures for native bees, such as blocks of wood with predrilled holes for orchard mason bees. Some fruits are self-pollinating. On the other hand, plums, apples, sweet cherries, pears, and blueberries need to have another variety nearby for cross-pollination. The two varieties should be compatible in terms of their bloom windows. Nursery catalogs will often list varieties that cross-pollinate, or you can find charts online with compatible cultivars. Survival Garden Pruning Fruit Trees Above: Pruning of fruit trees is something you should commit to every year. Yearly pruning of fruit trees, brambles, grapes, and blueberries will be necessary. To put it another way, it'll be much easier to commit to pruning every year than to try to fix neglected plants a decade from now. Pruning is a science and an art, and a lot of practice is needed to become proficient. It helps, though, to remember why you’re pruning. Pruning should focus first on removing diseased or damaged limbs or canes or unproductive wood. Then, the goal should be to open up the plants’ canopies enough for good airflow and sunlight penetration, which will mean drier foliage and therefore less opportunity for fungal invasions. A final but important motivation for pruning is to shape the tree to support a maximum fruit load, favoring wide-angled connections between the limbs and trunk. Most of the diseases that’ll impact fruits are fungal and include a long list of inflictions such as cedar-apple rust, black knot, black rot, brown rot, gray mold, anthracnose, and powdery mildew. The bacterial disease fireblight is a major problem with pears and apples. In addition, each region of the country is facing its own armies of both native and invasive insect pests, from plum curculio to spotted wing drosophila fly to cicada to spotted lanternfly. Survival Garden pests Above: Aesthetically perfect tree fruit doesn’t just happen, and management of insect and disease pressures will need to be factored into your growing plan. Approved products, insect presence, disease occurrence, and treatment windows will vary from region to region, so it’s wise to consult a spray schedule created specifically for your part of the world. Your local Extension office can provide that. These often include organic options for those leery of conventional chemical products. Many diseases are carried from one season to the next in mummified fruit, so make it a habit to gather old fruit from your vines and trees in the fall and destroy it. Raking and removing leaves from beneath your plants is a good practice as well. When pruning, disinfect your tools with alcohol between plants. Wildlife Damage Bears, deer, beavers, rabbits, and other mammals can wreak havoc on fruit trees and bushes. Birds, too, can devour berries or peck holes in tree fruit. If wildlife populations are heavy near your property, electric fencing would be a good idea, especially when the plants are young and tender. Voles are small rodents that’ll feed on the roots and bark of young trees. Hawks, owls, and snakes will eliminate some of your vole problems, but beyond that, habitat modification and traps can be useful. Bird netting stretched over the plants before fruits ripen will ensure that your family — and not the birds — gets most of the harvest. Apples and Pears An orchard is a symbol of success for a ruralite, but even a couple of apple or pear trees can result in bushels of fruit. Graftage is the best and most economical way to build an orchard with proven varieties. Two things are needed: rootstock and scionwood. Contact your local Cooperative Extension Service to see if they sell rootstock in the winter or order online from a nursery. The rootstock can impart certain characteristics to your trees, including disease resistance, anchorage, and/or a dwarfing or semi-dwarfing growth habit. Rootstock is often sold at $1 to $2, each. Scionwood is collected from the desired trees during the dormant season. The best scionwood is from year-old watersprouts that are roughly the diameter of your pinky. Don’t collect watersprouts at the base of the tree, as this is likely off the rootstock. The grafting process is an easy skill to acquire. Farm- or horticulture-based organizations in your community may offer yearly grafting workshops, but if not, it’s a skill that can be picked up from online videos or a knowledgeable neighbor. The only tools you’ll need besides the scion and rootstock are a sharp knife and masking tape. Standard-sized apple trees should be spaced 30 feet apart. The spacing should be 18 feet for semidwarf and 8 feet for dwarf trees. For pears, spacing for standard and dwarf varieties should be 25 feet or 12 feet, respectively. cedar-apple rust Above: Cedar-apple rust is a fungus that produces galls in juniper species in the spring before moving into apple trees later in the season. Commercial production (i.e., visually appealing fruits) of apples and pears requires considerable inputs, including a dozen or more sprays — organic or conventional — during the season. But if you’re not easily offended by ugly apples, you can skip some of those. Fly speck and sooty blotch, for instance, are two fungal diseases that look unattractive but don’t significantly impact the fruit’s usefulness. Stone Fruit Apricots, sweet cherries, and Japanese plums need warmer climates to thrive, whereas European plums, hybrid plums, and sour cherries are more winter hardy. Peaches prefer hot summers but also winter temperatures that fall below 45 degrees F. Again, it’ll be a matter of consulting neighbors as to what has worked for them and what hasn’t. Learn what USDA hardiness zone you live in, and use that as a preliminary guide when perusing nursery catalogs. Unless you’re situated in that perfect range, your harvest may not happen every year. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, for example, peach trees have a heavy load two years out of five, but those who grow them consider it worth the wait. While grafting can be done with stone fruits as with apples and pears, the more common propagation method is budding, done in late spring or early summer. With this method, a bud from the desired tree is inserted into the trunk bark of another. If low inputs and organic production are your goals, then raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, and strawberries are the way to go. They face disease and insect pressures as well, but they tend to require fewer chemical preventatives than do tree fruits and grapes. If raspberries or blackberries are content with a site, they’ll quickly grow into a dense patch unless you take steps to prune and trellis them. High-bush, low-bush, and rabbiteye are distinct types of blueberries grown in the U.S., and within each of those types are varieties that are distinguished by size, sweetness, fruiting window, and other factors. Again, your location’s climate will determine which type to choose, and there are likely cultivars that have been proven producers in your region. When planting blueberries, first ensure that you’re planting into a soil with the proper acidity of 4.5 to 5.2 pH. Amend each planting hole with a gallon of peat moss and mulch with pine needles or wood chips after planting. Strawberries are classified as June-bearing, ever-bearing, or day-neutral. The first produces a heavier, more flavorful crop between May and July. The other types have a fruiting period that’s stretched out over a longer season, normally culminating in late summer or fall. Strawberry blossoms should be pinched off the first year, so as to channel each plant’s energy toward root development. Growers should also plan to renovate their strawberries periodically, as unmanaged patches will tend to produce smaller and smaller berries over time. Above: A well-planned and tended strawberry patch can provide you with gallons of sweet fruit well before summer arrives. One approach to strawberry management is to have four planting areas. Once the first area is planted, the runners can be cut and transplanted into Plot 2. The runners from Plot 2 can be planted into Plot 3 the following year, and so on. In the fourth year, Plot 1 can be completely cleared and replanted. Because weed management can be an ongoing challenge in strawberry production, many commercial producers treat their plants as annuals, planting into black plastic or other types of mulch in fall, harvesting the following spring and then starting all over again. As with apples and pears, grapes are prone to a long list of diseases and insect pressures and will need significant management to maximize the harvest. An age-old practice involves planting a few roses in the vineyard to serve as sentinels. They’ll often show symptoms of various fungal diseases or insect pressures in advance of the grapes. survival garden grapesAbove: The more humid your climate, the earlier you’ll need to manage for fungal diseases in grapes. A major input with grapes will be some type of trellis or arbor system, which can range from simple cattle panels bent into a hoop to more elaborate systems. Black rot is especially trying for aspiring vineyard owners, and one way it’s carried from one season to the next is in mummified fruits. Just like with other fruit diseases, it’s a good practice to remove old fruit from the vines as early as possible and destroy those. While this all sounds daunting, the shotgun approach works for many. Plant whatever trees and bushes are on sale at your local garden center, give them a minimal amount of attention, and hope for the best. It’s not ideal, and you certainly won’t maximize production that way, but there have been many apples eaten from neglected trees and lots of cobblers made from haphazardly planted berries. Other Possibilities Lesser-known and under-appreciated fruits are worth considering. Gooseberries and currants, for instance, are options that can handle a bit more shade than other berries, and deer don’t mess with these much. Fig is another one unpopular with deer, and there are varieties on the market hardy to Zone 6. Then, there are native fruits perfectly adapted to your climate, from pawpaws to persimmons to prickly pear. Fruits are a long-term investment for a property, but establishing berries or tree fruits will eventually pay off. No fruits are a plant-it-and-walk-away prospect, but if you’re willing to invest in learning and management today, the rewards will someday be sweet. 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Evaluating the use of blockchain in land transactions: An archival science perspective Victoria L. Lemieux Land transaction records are among the most important records a society generates. Indeed, economist Hernando de Soto argues that they are the foundation of modern society.3 Given their significance to individuals and society as a whole, it is of the utmost importance to ensure that land transaction records are created and kept in a manner that provides for their long-term availability, evidentiary quality, and management in compliance with the law. Without proper handling and care of land transaction records, transparency, public accountability, financial stability and human rights may be at risk. Blockchain is a new technology that has the potential to radically alter the recording of land titles and ownership transfers. Pilot projects on the application of this technology are being conducted or considered in Brazil, the Republic of Georgia, Ghana, India, Japan, and Sweden to name just a few jurisdictions. Proponents of blockchain’s use for land transaction recordkeeping point to its many advantages. In a recent paper, Avi Spielman has written that, “The research to date leads to the following conclusions: A blockchain title recording system is [emphasis in original work] the future of title record keeping and would provide immediate benefits over the current title recording system . . . Among the advantages cited for using blockchain technology for land transaction recording are: increased processing efficiencies that reduce the cost of land transaction processing reduction in errors during the recording process prevention of title fraud added levels of security, auditability and transparency data archiving and lower levels of vulnerability to natural or man-made disasters.” Event: Land Governance in an Interconnected World_Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty_2018 Document type:Evaluating the use of blockchain in land transactions: An archival science perspective (2331 kB - pdf)
A candle is made. Candles are great for power outages, romantic evenings, and to complement any dinner table.Making your own candles is a fun do-it-yourself activity that you can do to create unique and personalized gifts.Candles give you many options in terms of color, scent, shape, size and style.You can make a candle out of vegetable shortening in a pinch, so don't be afraid to experiment with different waxes, aromas and styles. Step 1: There is a wax that you can choose. Wax options for making candles include beeswax, soy, and paraffin.Beeswax candles have a high melting point and must be mixed with an oil, such as palm, to lower it.Online or at craft stores, soy is a great vegetable wax option for candles.Paraffin wax is a traditional choice for candles, but it can contribute to poor air quality.The leftover wax from other candles can be used.Store the candles until you have enough to make a new candle.A candle will be eight ounces if two cups of wax are used. Step 2: Make sure you have all your supplies. Along with your wax, you will need a jar, double boiler, and a dry towel.You will need dye and scent for a scented candle.It's important to buy lead-free wicks.If you don't have a metal base, be sure to purchase a separate one.You can use recycled candles, mason jars, glass jars from the kitchen, or an old metal tin for the jar.You need something to stir the wax and secure the tab in place, as well as a spoon, chopstick, or skewer.You can use a clothespin or pencil to hold the candle in place.You can either use essential oils or fragrance oil for scented candles.Colored candles can be purchased with dye chips, blocks, or liquid.Most craft stores and candle suppliers have scent and dyes. Step 3: Take the wax and melt it. The bottom of the double boiler needs to be filled with 2.5 cm of water.Put your wax in the top portion of the double boiler.Allow it to warm up over medium heat.Cut the wax into smaller pieces before melting it.Never try to melt wax at a higher temperature and always use the double boiler method.Wax can catch fire.If you don't have a double boiler, you can place a large, heat-safe glass bowl on top of a metal saucepan and use it as the top portion. Step 4: It's best to strengthen the wick. As the wax begins to melt, hold the base and dip the wicks in and out.Allow the wax to dry after you straighten it.This will make it easier to position the candle jar. Step 5: The jar needs to be secured with a wicks in it. Pull out the base of the candle and place it in the jar's bottom center.Use a spoon handle, chopstick, or skewer to press it down until the wax dries.A clothespin, chopstick, pencil, or skewer can be laid across the candle jar.If you are using a clothespin, you can put the wick into place so it is straight and centered.Wrap the excess wick around the chopstick to keep it in place. Step 6: Color the wax. As the wax begins to melt, stir it every so often.If you are using them, chop your dye block or chips into small chunks.You should consult the manufacturer's instructions for how much to use based on the amount and type of wax you are using.Remove the wax from the heat once it has fully melted.When the dye has melted and been dispersed evenly throughout the wax, add it. Step 7: Add the scent. Before pouring your candle or adding fragrance, allow your wax to cool for 20 to 30 minutes after it's been dyed.This will prevent the wax from cracking down the center of the candle.For an eight-ounce candle, add about 10 to 15 drops of fragrance and stir to evenly distribute the oil. Step 8: The candle needs to be poured. Make sure you don't pour wax all over the top of the wicks by pouring the wax into the jar.If you don't have a lot of wax, leave a quarter inch between the top of the jar and the rim.Wrap the jar in a towel.This will prevent the wax from cooling too quickly. Step 9: The candle needs to cure. The candle should be set for 24 hours.This will allow the wax to fully dry and give the dye and fragrance time to bind with it.Remove the towel, remove the clothespin, and trim the excess candle to half an inch. Step 10: Make sure you have all your supplies. Most of the supplies you need to make a pillar candle will be the same as what you used for a candle in a jar.You will need a mold instead of a jar if you have a pillar candle.An old juice box or milk carton can be used as a candle mold.To reuse it as a candle mold, be sure to clean it with soap and water.A muffin tin is used to make votive candles. Step 11: Your wax should be prepared. The double boiler can be used to melt wax.Add the dye when it is fully melted.Add your scent after 20 minutes.For a natural wax candle that isn't dyed or scented, just set the wax aside for 20 to 30 minutes to cool.You can use the size of the jar to determine how much wax you need. Step 12: Take care of your wick. To make a candle mold with a hole in the bottom, thread the wicks through the hole, then tighten the screw.To prevent wax from dripping out, apply putty to the hole.If you want to glue the mold to the center of it, you have to dip the base in wax and the wicks in it.Press the tab into place with a chopstick.Wrap a chopstick around the mold rim and keep the top of the wick in place. Step 13: Put the candle in. When the wax is ready, pour it into the mold.At the top of the mold, leave a half-inch space.Allow the wax to cool to a semi-solid state, then poke four relief holes with a chopstick.They will allow air to escape.Allow the wax to cool. Step 14: Put the holes in. The wax should be reheated to a liquid state in the double boiler.When it is good and hot, pour the wax into the top of the mold to fill the relief holes.Allow the candle to cure. Step 15: The candle should be removed from the mold. The candle should slide out of the mold when it is set and cooled.If the candle doesn't come out, try again 15 minutes later.The candle should be trimmed to one-half inch. Step 16: You should gather your supplies. An old candle jar or mason jar can be used to make a homemade candle.Before using the crayons, be sure to remove the paper from them.You will need a spoon and a double boiler. Step 17: Remove your shortening. In a double boiler, heat the shortening until it is completely liquid.It should be removed from the heat. Step 18: Add your scent. Cut your crayon into small pieces.When the shortening is still hot, add the crayon and stir.Allow the shortening to cool before adding your scent. Step 19: The candle should be poured before the candle is ready. The candle in a jar was prepared the same way.When the shortening is ready, pour it into your jar and leave about an inch of headspace at the top.The shortening should be kept cool to room temperature. Related Posts: 1. Why do Woodwick Candles crackle? 2. A candle can be made. 3. Are WoodWick candles toxic? 4. How to keep a mason jar soap dispensers from getting rusty?
How to Stop Your Dog’s Destructive Chewing How to Stop Your Dog’s Destructive Chewing A schnauzer sits in a pile of stuffing from a damaged couch.A schnauzer sits in a pile of stuffing from a damaged couch. Table of Contents: 1. Causes of Destructive Chewing 2. Ways to Prevent Destructive Chewing 3. How Boredom and Anxiety Contribute to Destructive Behavior 4. The Benefits of Training and Positive Reinforcement Destructive chewing is a dangerous habit for dogs that can also be frustrating for pet owners. Causes of Destructive Chewing Dogs inappropriately chew for a variety of reasons, including: • Boredom • Separation anxiety • Lack of training or lack of appropriate outlets of energy • Lack of “dog-proofing” Chewing, on its own, is a normal behavior for dogs. Puppies typically chew when they’re teething or as a way to convey frustration. Chewing also helps to maintain jaw strength and muscle mass, and can help dogs to self-soothe, relieve stress, and avoid boredom. To deter from inappropriate chewing, It is important for pet parents to provide safe chew toys and keep inappropriate items out of reach. Ways to Prevent Destructive Chewing Teething toys, especially those that can be frozen, are a great way to relieve pain and soothe gums for puppies. Adult dogs even like toys specifically designed to strengthen teeth, but be sure to supervise their play, since toys may break into tiny, ingestible pieces. Damaged toys should be thrown away immediately. Caution should also be taken with chewing bones, which can splinter off and be ingested, resulting in gastrointestinal upset or injury. Bones can also cause dental injuries like tooth fractures or excessive wear. The best way to prevent destructive chewing is “dog proofing” your home. This involves removing all valuable and dangerous objects from your dog’s space. Crate training helps immensely, as this provides a safe place that a dog can call their own. It also prevents destruction of furniture when your dog is unsupervised. How Boredom and Anxiety Contribute to Destructive Behavior If destructive chewing is associated with separation anxiety, addressing the underlying anxiety will help to correct the behavior. In severe cases of anxiety, a professional trainer or anxiety medication may be necessary to address the underlying issues. Boredom is also a common contributor to destructive chewing. Regular exercise is a great way to minimize boredom and keep your pet healthy. Base your dog’s exercise regimen on their age, agility level, and underlying medical issues. High-energy dogs may love a brisk run or trip to the dog park, while older or ailing dogs may be happy with a walk around the block. Exercise helps to stimulate a dog’s mind and makes them less likely to act out of frustration and damage items around the house. Dog walking and running services can help to break up the monotony of a long day alone. Extroverted dogs may benefit from a housemate or by joining a dog pack for walks. Investigating what options are available in your neighborhood can help add excitement to your dog’s daily routine. Indoor enrichment toys can help to reduce boredom for pets that are alone during the day. Food puzzles dispense treats when solved, which is both entertaining and intellectually stimulating. Parents who want to check in with their pups during the day can try out a treat dispensing camera. These toys allow you to check in on and chat with your pet during the day, as well as provide them with a treat for good behavior. The Benefits of Training and Positive Reinforcement Creating a strong foundation of training for a puppy can be helpful to stop destructive behaviors before they start. Going to training classes can teach your dog basic commands, which can be expanded upon to create boundaries at home. Some dogs respond well to clicker training and this can be used to establish right and wrong behaviors. Physical discipline and yelling should never be used to correct bad behaviors. Redirection to show them appropriate chew toys and positive reinforcement is encouraged to lead dog’s down the right path. Ultimately, the best ways to avoid destructive chewing are limited access to inappropriate items, regular exercise, and appropriate training. If underlying medical conditions are suspected, follow up with a veterinarian and/or professional trainers. number-of-posts0 paws up Previous / Next Article Previous Article button Behavior & Training Saying Goodbye to Our Beloved Emmy Lou Next Article button
Scientists have found a way to pull down the protective wall that surrounds tumours, potentially re-exposing them to the killing power of the immune system and immunotherapy treatments, Cancer Research UK has announced. A study published in EBioMedicine found that the approach could help to boost the effects of innovative cancer treatments, such as CAR-T therapy, which so far haven’t been used successfully to tackle solid tumours. Drs Francis Mussai and Carmela De Santo, based at the University of Birmingham, studied immune cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells or ‘MDSCs’, taken from the blood of 200 adults and children newly diagnosed with cancer before they had started treatment. These cells send out a barrage of chemical signals that shield tumours cells from the immune system and the effects of treatment, and prevent the activation of T cells that can kill tumour cells. When MDSCs are present in higher numbers, the outlook for patients is worse as their cancer can become resistant to treatment and is more likely to spread to other parts of the body. Dr Francis Mussai, lead author of the study and Cancer Research UK Clinical Scientist Fellow at the University of Birmingham, explained that “treatments that work with the immune system to kill cancer often fail because it can be difficult for our body’s defences to get access to the tumour cells. Our research indicates that giving this antibody drug alongside immunotherapies could dramatically increase the number of patients benefitting from the latest innovations in treatment.” Previously, researchers in another group had found a way to break the protective layer around tumours in mice by using antibodies that attach to the MDSC cell surface, marking it for destruction by the immune system. But translating this into clinical trials has been challenging because researchers have been unable to find a drug target that’s present on human MDSCs. The team are now planning a clinical trial to test the safety and activity of the antibody drug in people with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. The trial will also include people with solid tumours.
Skip to main content Verified by Psychology Today Anxiety vs. Coronavirus: How to Tell the Difference The similarity in symptoms could create more fear. Source: Pexels Many people suffer from anxiety daily. And with the general public now experiencing anxiety about COVID-19, those regular anxiety sufferers could feel that things have reached a new level of panic—perhaps resulting in a list of symptoms that are similar to those of the coronavirus (i.e., shortness of breath, shivers, excessive sweating, etc.). Many who experience panic attacks and anxiety can feel like they’re dying when they aren’t. This is especially true for those people who aren’t already familiar with the many symptoms of anxiety. It’s important to know the difference between anxiety and the virus so that if you’re experiencing anxiety, you won’t run to the hospital thinking you’ve contracted coronavirus. Although there are similarities, there are some major differences between the two sets of symptoms that are important to keep in mind. What are anxiety symptoms, and how do they differ from coronavirus symptoms? Even though each individual suffering from anxiety may have unique symptoms, there’s a common experience associated with anxiety: irrational fear and dread. If you’ve been particularly worked up and stressed about the virus and thinking about a scary future, that’s likely a sign that you’re experiencing more intense anxiety than usual. That can send your body into overdrive and bring about some unusual symptoms that you might not recognize. Some of the more common anxiety symptoms include: • Feelings of panic, fear, and nervousness • Uncontrollable, obsessive thought • Repeated thoughts or “flashbacks” of traumatic events • Irrational ritualistic behaviors • Excessive sweating or numbness in the hands or feet • Shortness of breath, hyperventilation • Chest pain or heart palpitations • An inability to be still and calm • Dry mouth, nausea, dizziness • Feeling restless, wound-up, or on-edge • Being easily fatigued • Having difficulty concentrating; mind going blank • Being irritable • Having muscle tension • Difficulty controlling feelings of worry • Having sleep problems, such as difficulty falling or staying asleep, restlessness, or dissatisfying sleep • IBS, diarrhea As far as the symptoms of COVID-19 are concerned, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that people with the virus exhibit three primary symptoms: • Fever • Difficulty breathing • Dry cough And according to the World Health Organization (WHO) other, less common coronavirus symptoms include: aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, or diarrhea. What’s the main difference that stands out between coronavirus symptoms and those of anxiety? Coronavirus can cause a fever; and while in some extreme cases, anxiety can cause a fever, it’s very rare. People with COVID-19 usually have a fever along with coughing and difficulty breathing; since anxiety doesn’t cause coughing, that’s another key distinction between the two. Another major distinction is that sneezing and a runny nose can occur with the virus but not with anxiety. Additionally, when a person experiences a panic attack, which does include shortness of breath, it usually only lasts 20 to 30 minutes, hitting its peak at about 10 minutes. Someone with coronavirus who is having trouble breathing will have that difficulty for a longer period of time, typically alongside flu-like symptoms. It’s important to remember that it’s normal to be anxious during a time like this, and our bodies react in many unpredictable ways under such stressful circumstances. Before jumping to the conclusion that you have the virus, take a moment to evaluate whether you have all the symptoms. Practice deep breathing exercises, and find ways to comfort yourself. See if that helps. If you’re under extreme distress or feel like you can’t take deep breaths, reach out to a medical professional. Taking deep breaths to calm down and alleviate your anxious feelings will not be possible with acute respiratory distress. There is quite a difference between hyperventilating from anxiety and respiratory difficulties that people can usually tell. If you are in doubt, when feeling short of breath, call your doctor before going to the hospital. Doctors are recommending that to avoid exposure and for people to get the right care.
How Many World War II Veterans Are Still Alive? Sean Gallup/Getty Images News/Getty Images As of June 2014, there were an estimated 1 million American World War II veterans still alive. Roughly 555 veterans die per day, according to the Veterans Administration, and most living veterans are in their 80s and 90s.
The Electric Taxi Company You Could Have Called in 1900 The Making of The Electric Vehicle Company When a cab drove into the station, technicians secured and centered it with hydraulic shoes. They then hitched the 1,300-pound battery tray, which ran underneath the cab, to a hydraulic piston that pulled out the whole thing and sat it on a table, where "an overhead crane plucked it from the table and deposited it in the charging room." They slotted in a new battery and off the cab went again into the wild Manhattan streets. Conceptually, it's not unlike what Shai Agassi' Project Better Place has been pushing in recent years. If batteries are the problem, engineer around them. Electric Vehicle Company taxicab.jpg The All-Electric Transportation System That Almost Was The business caught Whitney's eye. His band of barons had made a pile of money electrifying New York city's trolley routes, and looking at the electric vehicle, he began to imagine a syndicate that could control all kinds of electriﬁed mobility within and between cities. Electric trains called interurbans would run between local towns, trolleys would provide service along major routes, and the electric vehicles would serve any other intracity mobility needs. Urbanites wouldn't buy a car: They'd be able to go anywhere on one type or another of electriﬁed transport. So Whitney got his boys together--A. B. Widener, Charles F. Ryan, and a host of other names that now adorn the big buildings of New York--and convinced them that there was money to be made displacing the old horse-drawn carriage with clean, noiseless electric cars. They would churn out thousands of electric vehicles, sending them to the big cities of the world--New York, Chicago, Mexico City, Paris--where they would seamlessly fit into the transportation web that crisscrossed the world's great human agglomerations. At the back end of all the mobility, there'd be the miracle of electricity, as represented by the central power plants of Edison Electric and New York Heat, Light, and Power, which Whitney and his band of scions of wealth also controlled. What ﬁve years earlier had been a simple two-man project in Philadelphia had morphed into a play to unify the transportation infrastructure of urban America into one great syndicate. What they needed was scale, and that's what Pope could provide. He was the largest manufacturer of the product at the center of America's latest craze: cycling. energy_bug_1.pngBy 1898 Pope's newly consolidated American Bicycle Company cranked out 800,000 bicycles. They made their own tires and steel tube frames, and they assembled them in massive quantities. Pope's company had also been toying with an electric car concept that had yet to catch on, so it wasn't a stretch to work with the Whitney team. Pope and Whitney sealed the deal and each side of the transaction took half of the Electric Vehicle Company. As an enterprise for building and operating electric vehicles, it seemed to have all the right parts: the Electric Storage Battery Company and its patent on the lead-acid storage battery, the Pope manufacturing apparatus, Whitney's financial connections, and the central station service model developed by Condict. As the Electric Vehicle Company (EVC) rounded into shape, there was a brief moment when it seemed that success might be at hand. The New York station was performing well and new offices began to operate around Boston, New Jersey, Chicago, and Newport. But to say that the EVC was a grand disappointment would be an understatement. Within about a year problems began to appear. In New York the service remained proﬁtable, but the other cities suffered from poor management and operations. The batteries were not properly cared for, nor were the drivers trained well. Led by the trade magazine Horseless Ageand its "autoelectrophobe" editor, E. B. Ingersoll, the public started to call the company "The Lead Cab Trust." The regional operating companies were shut down in February 1901. People began to suspect that Whitney and his ﬁnanciers were merely trying to pull some stock swindle. That notion gained steam when the EVC turned patent troll and began brandishing the Selden patent, which it said covered all automobiles. Automotive historians of the 1950s have tended to see the problems as simply the gurgling death cries of an electric vehicle industry being taken out by the insurgent gasoline-powered car; they see the death of the EVC as a demonstration of the technological impracticality of the battery-powered vehicle. But contemporary historians like Gijs Mom and David Kirsch have taken the company more seriously. Kirsch sees the scheme, if not the actual company, as "the seed of an alternative transportation system for motorized road transport." Images: 1. The first Salom and Morris Electrobat. 2. An Electric Vehicle Company Cab. From the author's collection with thanks to Mary Salom Lugones.
May 25, 2018 What Are SMART Goals (and How To Set Them) Trying to improve your team productivity? Struggling to close your projects? You can’t do either without setting clear goals. Over the decades, several techniques have risen to fame as answers to goals setting. The SMART goals framework is one of the most famous. What are SMART goals and how did they become so popular? After all, can’t just any goal be more than enough? In this article, we’ll explain what SMART goals mean – and how managers can put them into place. So although the SMART framework is used for personal goals, too, in this article we’ll talk about SMART goals in a work setting. 1. What are SMART goals? 2. What does SMART mean? 3. Do SMART goals really work? 4. How to write SMART goals: examples 5. How share and monitor SMART goals what are smart goals What Are SMART Goals? The SMART framework is a scheme for setting up goals that are actually achievable. The credit for the inventing SMART goals is uncertain. However, the first written mention of the SMART framework was in 1981 in an article by George T. Doran on the issue of Management Review: ‘How do you write meaningful objectives?’- that is, frame a statement of results to be achieved, Managers are confused by all the verbal from seminars, books, magazines, consultants, and so on. Let me suggest therefore, that when it comes to writing effective objectives, corporate officers, managers, and supervisors just have to think of the acronym SMART. George T. Doran What Does SMART Mean? “SMART” is an acronym. Every letter stands for an adjective that defines the characteristics that the goals would have. Basically, the five words are the criteria to follow to set the goals. Here’s the explanation of each letter of the SMART framework: • Specific: is targeted on an area of improvement; • Measurable: has clear success metrics assigned to it; • Achievable: can be broken down in realistic steps; • Relevant: fits inside the general scope and strategy of the project; • Time-bound: has a (realistic) deadline; SMART goals acronym explanation The acronym changed and adapted over time. For example, Doran originally envisioned the A as in “Assignable”, which means making clear who is in charge of that goal in particular. The SMART framework is sometimes also called SMART-ER: • Evaluated: appraisal of a goal to assess the extent to which it has been achieved. • Reviewed: reflection and adjustment of your approach or behavior to reach a goal. (reference needed) For the sake of this article, we’ll stick to the SMART framework. Why Are SMART Goals Important? SMART goals are important as a framework to measure success. Without goals, it’s really hard for a business, a team, or an individual to fullfill their mission. However, not all goals are the same: a poorly crafted, un-measurable goal would be useless in the big picture and make it impossible to know if the work has been effective. It can lead to discouragment and low morale when the goal isn’t reached. Do SMART Goals Really Work? The SMART(ER) framework has had its share of criticism throughout the years. The downsides are that smart goals don’t seem to work on the long term, but rather at the short term. Also, SMART goals lack flexibility. Besides, the conservative nature of SMART goals could hinder the employee capacity to dare and “think big”. That doesn’t mean that the smart framework should be thrown out entirely. You’ll have to evaluate the upsides and see if they fit in your current need and strategy: • by consistently following the framework, you’ll have a measurable reference for future projects; • the more targeted the goal is, the better you’ll be able to allocate time and resources to it; • your team is more likely to be successful if they have clear, attainable goals to reach. According to Brian Tracy, “Only 3% of adults have clear, written, specific, measurable, time-bounded goals, and by every statistic, they accomplish ten times as much as people with no goals at all” Let’s see how to write SMART goal the right way – and how to achieve them. How To Write Smart Goals Before you start You cannot set your personal or your team’s goal and objectives without before taking a look at where you’re now, what’s been done that far and where you want to head in the future. For example: – Use tools like Google Analytics to extract audience and traffic metrics; – Take a look at Google Trends to predict where your industry will be going: – Check where you and your team have been spending their time; Consult with management on the company goals and expectations, and how to fill your actions in the strategy; – Review the strategies you’ve implemented this far and identify what you achieved and what you missed. A template for SMART goals After you have a clear picture of the current situation, it’s time for writing your SMART goals. When you do it, you’ll basically go through all five letters of the SMART acronym. For example: let’s say that from the Google Analytics panel of your B2B website you notice a lot of visitors coming but very few turning into leads. You decide to focus on the website in order to increase the number of leads signing up to know more about your product. Setting up your SMART goals should work approximately like this: What area are you trying to improve? What exactly will you do? Generic goal: I want more leads Specific goal: I will improve the conversion rate of the website How will you know you have achieved your goal? In what ways will you measure it? Generic goal: I will increase the conversion rate of the website Measurable goal: I will increase the conversion rate of the website by 25%. I will track goals in Google Analytics to make sure I reach the result. Take a look at all the past data you have. Taking trends, patterns and needs into account, what result is most likely to be achieved? Do you have the resources and capabilities? Can you break the goal down in steps? Achievable goal: I will increase the conversion rate of the website by 25%, by optimizing the CTAs, changing the buttons size and movie the content above-the-fold. I will track goals in Google Analytics to make sure I reach the result. How does the goal fit in the strategy? Is it meaningful? Will it help or jeopardize other goals? How much time will you allow for reaching this goal? Can you define a reasonable deadline in the calendar? Time-bound goal: I will increase the conversion rate of the website by 25% in Q2, by optimizing the CTAs, changing the size of the buttons, and moving the content above-the-fold. I will track goals in Google Analytics to make sure I reach the result. How To Share And Monitor SMART Goals Hopefully, by now you should have outlined your SMART goals. So what steps should you take now to actually achieve them? I have some suggestions: 1) Write the goals down You should put all your goals into writing and keep them available for you and your team to review. So you won’t risk forgetting what exactly was is needed. Plus, writing everything down will serve as motivation. 2) Share them with the team Explain to your team members what they’re working towards. It will improve communication and transparency. Feel free to use this Slideshare presentation that I have prepared to explain the benefits of SMART goals to your team: Here’s the link to the presentation on Slideshare 3) Track your time Since your goals are time based , you should be extra careful with how you use your and your team’s time. Time tracking tools like Timeneye help exactly with that. You can track time against projects and turn the hours into data that you can analyze. 4) Analyze Speaking of analysis, make sure to monitor the progression of your projects. This way you’ll know before meeting your deadlines how you and your team are doing. You can repeat the process as many times as you want and for any goals you track in the company. Once this process is established in your team, it’ll become more natural and effective and you’ll be able to set and measure the prìerfomance of your team. Did you set up your SMART goals? If so, now it’s time to boost your team’s productivity and start tracking your results! Want to increase productivity? Your time is priceless, take better care of it Timeneye © 2021 DM Digital Software SRL - All Rights Reserved VATID 03895390361 - REA MO-426608
Angelo Oliviero Olivetti Angelo Oliviero Olivetti (1874 – 17 November 1931) was an Italian lawyer, journalist, and political activist. Olivetti was born in Ravenna, Italy. In 1892 while a student at the University of Bologna he joined the Italian Socialist Party Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II... . Following accusations of subversive activity, he fled to Switzerland in 1898. There he eventually met Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism.... . Finding only limited support for his views within the socialist movement, in 1906 he began publishing Pagine Libre, a journal devoted to revolutionary syndicalism. He was expelled from Switzerland in 1912. On 5 October 1914, Olivetti published the manifesto of the Fasci d'Azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista. Mussolini shortly thereafter joined and assumed leadership of this fascio Fascio, plural -sci /'faʃʃo, ʃi/ is an Italian word literally meaning "a bundle" or "a sheaf", and figuratively league, and which was used in the late 19th century to refer to political groups of many different orientations... In March 1925, Olivetti was one of only three Jewish speakers at the Congress of Fascist Culture. He joined the faculty of the University of Perugia in 1931 as professor of political science, and died soon after in Spoleto, Italy. Revolutionary syndicalists like Olivetti sought to change society while preserving the nation. Musollini combined this syndicalism with strains of nationalism into his fascism. Further reading
Pajia Ma in the northern part of the Kingdom of small Iasi is the second era of the Greek cultural center, its second most and the Alexandria Library Gui Mo, and its Greek temple and the palace building at the time the world is unique in the Mediterranean . Well known. The Great Altar of Zeus large-scale, highly skilled. Great altar of Zeus is Arari German dynasty to commemorate the victory of the Gauls built. Altar is a large U shaped building, 34.2 meters from east to west, north to south and 36.4 m, a Greek colonnade, the audience is about 6 meters of the base, its artistic achievements based mainly around the base of a long 120 meters of relief, relief showing the Greek myth of the battle scenes, a symbol of home you are afraid of the victory of the Gauls, from 1878 to 1886 after excavation, although the majority of relief task panel has been severely damaged, but the body moves in different styles and Fimbristylis drapery flying, see the superb skills of their exquisite carving. The highest achievements of ancient Greek sculpture is the art form, but in the Greek era, Greek Sculpture gradually from Athens to Asia Minor and the Aegean islands of development in the northern Aegean island of Samothrace was found a marble goddess nike like, is a masterpiece of the early second century BC, this is a high 2.45 meters, standing, start a huge winged goddess, this is the 阿芙罗狄特Milos Goddess, also known as Venus, 1820 discovered in Milos. The Greeks called the goddess of love阿芙罗狄特, later the Romans called Venus to change her lanky, dignified and beautiful face, so she became a typical image of the elegant woman, Hellenistic period 阿芙罗狄特or ask A Goddess Sri Lanka there are many, but mostly Roman copies. From this, the ancient Greek and Roman times as long the United States enjoy the female body art trends. Laocoon that time is more dramatic, the first century BC Greek marble statue base, 2.42 meters high, such as by the sculptor Ayesangde 3 Ross collective creation. While Athens is no longer the center of sculpture, but the city is still the era of Greek philosophy centers Greece Age philosophy centers did not eastward, still in Athens. At that time, three schools, called the Epicurean, Stoic and Cynic school, was the main pursuit of ethical philosophy is self-satisfied, the trend against the yen attached . In 306 BC, Epicurus in Athens, founded the school that called hedonism, the pursuit of life's ultimate goal is happiness, happiness is simple. Although the nature of happiness is the basis, but not the ultimate, spiritual joy when higher levels of happiness, who wants to pursue happiness and avoid suffering, you have to stay away from career, economic, must ascetic, must control. So Epicurus claims, that the idea of hedonism is often misunderstood later, distorted and even slander. His theory starts from the fourth century BC to fourth century AD, before and lasted 800 years. Zeno in Athens in 300 BC founded the school of Sri Lanka claims more rational, moderate, and even ascetic, against the pursuit of happiness.迪奥吉尼斯created Cynic are proposed to give up all the pleasures of civilization and return to the original way of life. Greek culture of the times is to face the real exchange collision in nurturing a local culture, when the West Asia, North Africa, while gradually Hellenistic, Greek immigrants also inevitably become increasingly clear that the East of, this is a synchronous development complementary historical process , since it affects the history of the European continent.
Feeling tired all the time? Wake feeling exhausted, despite going to bed early? Feeling irritated and on edge? Do you have many vague symptoms? In our busy and fast-paced modern lives, we can find ourselves juggling many roles and responsibilities and we can commonly experience high levels of stress. You may have heard the term ‘adrenal fatigue’, which is not supported by scientific literature. HPA (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal) axis dysregulation is a much more accurate diagnosis. The HPA axis is a term that relates to a group of endocrine glands that function as the hormonal communication system that manages our stress response. The ability for the HPA axis to cope with stress in day to day life is of great importance to many aspects of our health. This is because the HPA axis also regulates mood, digestion, immune system, drive, metabolism and energy levels. So if stress is experienced on a continual basis our finely balanced HPA axis many areas of our health will be impacted. Common symptoms of HPA axis dysregulation include; • Weakness • Muscle pain • Joint pain • Sore throat • Headaches • Dizziness upon standing • Increased heart rate • Abdominal pain • Depression • Apathy • Irritability • Sleep disturbances/Insomnia/waking feeling unrefreshed • Difficulty concentrating and remembering things • Decreased ability to deal with stress • Confusion • Anxiety • Sleepiness • Difficulty waking up in the morning • Waking feeling unrefreshed. • Craving for salt, chips, or fast food. • Low sex drive. • Poor immunity or prolonged recovery time from illness When we see a group of symptoms, we need to find out where the body is not doing its job well. Symptoms are our signs that somewhere inside the body is not performing the right steps in sequence necessary to maintain health. Once we know where that is happening, we can begin to learn more about exactly why and what to do about it. The HPA axis consists of 1) the hypothalamus (part of your brain); It is the master regulator of the body and brain and is considered the control centre for the body’s autonomic (a fancy term for automatic) responses. It is located in the centre of the brain. When we experience stress (physical, emotional, etc, these will be explained in more detail below) it releases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) to activate the pituitary gland. 2) the pituitary gland (just below the hypothalamus) 3) the adrenal glands (two walnut sized glands that sit on top of the kidneys). The kidneys are used to filter the blood and are in the centre of the body. This makes it an ideal location for a hormone that needs to affect the entire body, because all blood passes through the kidneys. The adrenal glands release several hormones; cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, which regulate 4 key things: SUGAR, SALT, SEX hormones, and STRESS (the 4 Ss). These hormones then flow through the body, placing you in what’s called “fight or flight mode”. When we experience stress, we respond with a primitive survival instinct called a “fight or flight” response, an inbuilt survival mechanism that is designed to save our lives from the immediate threat of danger. In the modern world our daily stressors are rarely life threatening, but they can be relentless and our bodies respond in the same way:- a call from the tax office, an argument with your partner, being stuck in a traffic jam – all of these can result in a similar fight or flight response. What does all of this mean? Your body prepares you to either stay still and prepare to fight, or to run away (l like to use the analogy of being faced with a lion chasing us). When adrenaline courses through your body, it acts as a stimulant to the heart, increasing the amount it pumps. It also acts as a vasoconstrictor, narrowing blood vessels to increase blood pressure, causing the blood that would be in your brain to squeeze into the narrowed blood vessels in your muscles. Your higher thought processes shut down, making you rely on lower, more basic functions because when fighting a lioness, you won’t be needing to know calculus or how to play chess. Respiration, or breathing rate, increases to allow for more oxygen. Noradrenaline causes you to be more aware, awake and focused. Cortisol will be released for several hours after encountering the stressor. Once released into the body, cortisol raises the sugar in your bloodstream as a means of creating a burst of energy that would allow the body to face the potential threat or to flee. Along with increasing energy, cortisol also suppresses the digestive system, (you won’t be worrying about digesting that salad you just ate as you have more important things to worry about such as how to stay alive and either run from the lion or stay and fight it). Other digestive functions including nutrient absorption and excretion are also suppressed. Physiologically, your body does not want to exert the energy required to hold in waste, because that energy could be used elsewhere. Also, you may be unable to spit, because saliva is part of the eating processing. In survival mode, the optimal amounts of cortisol, adrenaline, aldosterone and noradrenaline can be life saving. It helps to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure, while regulating some body functions that aren’t crucial in the moment, like reproductive drive, immunity, digestion and growth. In healthy, low-stress individuals this entire HPA axis feedback loop works in harmony, only experiencing fleeting glimpses of these chemicals. But when these are chronically overproduced, the HPA axis eventually becomes desensitised to the negative feedback telling it to “calm down”, leading to chronic stress on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal glands, which is called HPA axis dysregulation. So, what is in the short term imperative to your survival, has many significant negative impacts on your body when in this mode for an extended period of time. The “fight or flight” response works in opposition to the “rest-and-digest” part of your nervous system. Therefore, it is common for people with HPA dysregulation to experience reflux, GORD (gastro oesophageal reflux disorder) and other digestive symptoms. Too much cortisol can suppress the immune system, leading to you becoming frequently sick, catching one virus after another. It can also cause high blood pressure, high sugar levels, decrease libido and contribute to obesity amongst other symptoms. It is also common for those suffering with HPA axis dysregulation to have high cholesterol. This may be due to fact that conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, which acts as a precursor to DHEA, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol and oestrogen is the rate limiting step for all adrenal steroid pathways. When the manufacturing capabilities of the adrenal glands are impaired or needed, as is the case of HPA axis dysregulation, elevated cholesterol levels may result. Anxiety is another common symptom for those with HPA axis dysregulation. Do you wake in the early morning hours anxious because you have so much going on? It is more likely because of adrenaline/cortisol surges causing you to wake up suddenly with your mind spinning in “fight or flight” from whatever your particular lions happen to be at the time (work, money, children etc) So what are these stressors that can trigger you into “fight or flight”? Dr. Guilliams, who wrote “The Role of Stress and the HPA Axis in Chronic Disease Management” discusses four categories of stressors that lead to chronic HPA Axis dysregulation. 1. Perceived Stress The HPA axis can easily be triggered by signals outside the body that are non-physical, which the brain perceives as threatening. NUTS is an acronym frequently used. Novelty of the event; new situations can increase stress. Unpredictability; when things change frequently and we feel outside our comfort zone. Perceived threat to body or ego; things that make us lose face, embarrass us or threaten us physically. Sense of loss of control; when we feel that we have no control over a situation. 2. Circadian Disruption Circadian rhythms are physical, mental and behavioural aspects of our life that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism’s environment. The HPA axis is intimately tied to the mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm. Unfortunately, most people have the ability to ignore these important cues when choosing their work, social, sleeping and entertainment schedules. What this means is that working the night shift and sleeping during the day, not getting enough sunlight during the day, and the use of electronics at night, can lead to HPA axis dysfunction as well as many different metabolic dysfunctions like obesity and insulin resistance. 3. Blood sugar Dysregulation Blood sugar dysregulation is the inability of your body to regulate your blood sugar levels, which can lead to hyper or hypoglycemia. Poor diet, lack of exercise and lack of sleep can not only dysregulate the HPA axis but it can cause blood sugar dysregulation. Cortisol is very important for regulating glucose. When you are stressed, the body raises cortisol levels and therefore can raise blood sugar levels. The rising epidemic of insulin resistance, obesity, and their related metabolic disorders has a complex cause-and-effect relationship with the increase of stress-related disorders. 4. Inflammation Cortisol is a powerful anti-inflammatory steroid. When someone has chronic inflammation, his or her body will signal the HPA axis to secrete more cortisol in order to decrease the inflammation. The increase in cortisol down regulates inflammatory pathways within tissues and immune cells. This suppresses most other immune functions, which explains so many of the side effects of prednisone and other steroid drugs. Inflammation from food allergies, obesity, rheumatic diseases, or anywhere can be a HPA axis stressor. How Do We Support the HPA Axis? Supporting the HPA axis is extremely important in chronic disease management. It is important to support the central nervous system, the adrenal glands and the way in which cortisol signalling functions within the tissue. Addressing the various health consequences of stress is imperative as is addressing the axis of response itself. Restoring balance to the HPA axis is the primary goal of naturopathic treatment. It’s important to remember that changes may take weeks or months depending on duration and severity of symptoms. Suggestions that can be implemented include • Stay away from inflammatory foods like gluten, sugar, grains and dairy. • Nutrient dense diet including healthy fats, proteins and fibre and reducing exposure to refined, processed and high sugar foods • Identify sensitivities and allergies and remove them from your diet/environment • Get tested and treated for any infections like Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), candida overgrowth etc. that may be causing stress on the body. • Use tools like mindfulness training and yoga to help with the way you perceive stress. • Get plenty of sunlight and fresh air during the day and limit your time with electronics like TV, mobile phones, computers and artificial house lights at night. • Consider supplementing with adaptogenic herbs (rhodiola, licorice, siberian ginseng, withania, codonopsis), Vitamin C, B vitamins and phosphatidyl serine (working with a skilled practitioner is recommended). • Have adrenal gland hormones like cortisol, DHEA and sex hormones tested by a skilled practitioner so they can create a specific treatment protocol for you. Cortisol is secreted in a circadian rhythm, meaning that the secretion changes throughout the day. Ideally, cortisol is at its high point in the early morning hours, and follows a sharp curve where it lowers and reaches a low point at night. During sleep, cortisol then rises again to its high point in the morning. Katherine Knott Katherine is a certified naturopath and the founding director of Acorn and Oak. She began studying Naturopathy when she was 18 years old and has practiced in both Melbourne and rural Victoria. She has also studied 2 1/2 years of nursing and midwifery, but decided that she was happier to work with women as […] Read More… from Katherine Knott Nicki Stewart Nicki has always been drawn to Holistic Health and she follows in her mother’s footsteps who is a Reflexologist and Natural Therapist. Nicki was inspired to study Herbal Medicine after attending one of Dr. Sandi Rogers’ (Naturopath, Director of National College of Traditional Medicine and former President of Australian Traditional Medicine Society) seminars on ‘Fruits […] Read More… from Nicki Stewart Kate Pool All Kinesiology and Mind Body Medicine appointments are available both in person and online with our very own Kinesiologist. Kate began her wellness journey in her early 20’s, after no longer being able to ignore that niggling feeling that she wasn’t on her true path, or being her true authentic self. Through crystal chakra healing, […] Read More… from Kate Pool Ebony Hamilton Ebony is a qualified Myotherapist with specialised training in pre & postnatal care and over 12 years of experience in assessing and treating pregnant women. Ebony can help provide relief & education for a range of pregnancy-related musculoskeletal issues as well as help you prepare your body for labour and birth with safe and effective evidence-based practices. Ebony is passionate […] Read More… from Ebony Hamilton Christine Wilson About Christine Christine specializes in holistic counselling and is committed to finding more compassionate and effective ways to help people feel mentally well. She has worked in adult and paediatric mental health in Melbourne and Ballarat, and in education settings delivering student support programs. Taking a holistic approach to care, Christine guides clients to uncover […] Read More… from Christine Wilson Alyce Beaton Alyce is qualified naturopath in Ballarat who loves supporting people on their health journey. Alyce believes optimising and restoring health first and foremost begins with food as medicine and creating healthy lifestyle habits. She is passionate about providing a safe, non judgement environment and endeavours to support her clients with strategies they can implement into […] Read More… from Alyce Beaton
Supriya Ghosh (Editor) Taraxacum albidum Updated on Share on FacebookTweet on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on Reddit Kingdom Plantae Genus Taraxacum Higher classification Dandelion Order Asterales Scientific name Taraxacum albidum Rank Species Taraxacum albidum PlantFiles Pictures White dandelion Taraxacum albidum by dashy169 Similar Taraxacum japonicum, Taraxacum platycarpum, Taraxacum erythrospermum Taraxacum albidum is a species of dandelion that grows in eastern Eurasia. A member of the Asteraceae, it is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the southern part of Japan. Taraxacum albidum Japanese White Taraxacum albidum White Dandelion Nagasa Flickr It is sometimes mistaken for Taraxacum coreanum, but T. coreanum grows wild chiefly in the Korean Peninsula and some parts of China. Taraxacum albidum is a cross between T. coreanum and Taraxacum japonicum. (Tatsuyoshi Morita, Moleculer phylodenetic analyese of polyoloid complex of East Asian Taraxacum [sic], 1996-1997.) Taraxacum albidum httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu Taraxacum albidum White Dandelion Seeds Taraxacum albidum All Good Things Organic The deeply lobed leaves of this tap-rooted perennial plant form a basal rosette from which the long, slightly downy, unbranched hollow scapes (flower stalks) rise to around 40 cm (1 ft 4in). It blooms once a year, usually in spring (March to May) but sometimes in late autumn. Each scape bears a single flower-head consisting of many small, white ray florets, opening from a rounded bud consisting of narrow green bracts. Taraxacum albidum Taraxacum albidum Dahlstedt The flowers are hermaphrodite and self-fertile. It is pentaploid (having five sets of chromosomes), and produces seeds asexually like many other Taraxacum species. After pollination the flower closes, later opening as the familiar spherical seedhead or "clock", as in other dandelions. The seedhead consists of many single-seeded fruits or achenes, each attached to a pappus of fine hairs that acts as a parachute to enable wind-dispersal of the seeds, sometimes over long distances. The seeds remain dormant till autumn. Taraxacum albidum Taraxacum albidum Right Plants 4 Me The leaves wither to avoid heat damage for several months of summer. In autumn, new leaves emerge and continue photosynthesizing until the next summer. Although, like most dandelions, the plant is generally regarded as a weed, it is occasionally grown for use as food or medicine. The flowers, leaves and roots can all be used. Taraxacum albidum Wikipedia
April was citizen science month, May is Older American’s. So it only seems right we feature a story about both. While studying the small, harmless turtle-headed sea snake off the coast of New Caledonia, two researchers spotted an unnerving sight: several greater sea snakes. They decided to shift their focus to documenting the local population of these much larger, potentially lethal snakes. However, the serpents proved elusive and the team was only able to identify about 30 individuals over three years. 😁 If you enjoy what you’re reading, you can support our mission to bring positive news to the world by signing up for our FREE newsletter! 😁 One day, a group of seven women all in their 60s and 70s who frequently snorkeled in the snake’s habitat approached the research team. They called themselves “The Fantastic Grandmothers” and informed the scientists that they had seen a number of the sea snakes on their dives. They offered to help by using their underwater cameras to document the sea snakes. Who on Earth could turn down a group called the Fantastic Grandmothers? The snorkeling seniors got to work immediately and the results were astounding. “As soon as the grandmothers set to work, we realized that we had massively underestimated the abundance of greater sea snakes in the bay,” said Dr. Gorian, one half of the research team. Thankfully, greater sea snakes have very distinctive markings that vary from snake to snake. This allows individuals to be easily identified from photos. In a paper just published in the journal Ecosphere, the scientists reveal that thanks to the Fantastic Grandmothers they now know that there are more than 249 greater sea snakes living in the bustling bay (known as Baie des citrons). The photography project has also revealed crucial new information about the snakes’ breeding patterns, and numbers of young — more information, says Dr. Goiran, than has ever been recorded for any other related species worldwide. Despite the extremely venomous nature of greater sea snakes, all seven Grandmothers swam away from the study unscathed. In fact, there’s never been a recorded incident of a greater sea snake biting someone in the area, which Goiran believes implies much about the relatively unknown snake’s disposition. These fantastic women are a powerful example of how members of the broader public can enrich scientific discoveries. 2 replies on “These Seven Grandmothers Discovered a Hidden Population of Deadly Sea Snakes” Comments are closed.
Skip to Content Crochet Gauge: What is Gauge + How do you Measure it Sharing is caring! Gauge is simply the number of stitches and rows within a certain measurement, usually 4″/10cm square. Why is gauge important? Because it’s what makes a crochet pattern out of a project. Without gauge, you can crochet the same project and get wildly different results (even when using the same yarn and hook)! Most importantly, we measure gauge so that our handmade items will fit. Gauge is most important on crochet hats and garments, or anything with a fit. Single crochet swatch in white. A swatch of single crochets in #6 super bulky yarn with 10mm hook. How to measure crochet gauge 1. Crochet a swatch that is larger than 4″/10cm square. 2. Measure how many stitches you have across a 4″/10cm section. 3. Measure how many rows you have over a 4″/10cm section. 4. You now know your gauge. Tip-try to measure your stitches and rows without inlcuding end stitches and beginning and ending rows. These are often not as consistent as our center stitches. That’s why we recommend crocheting a swatch that is a little larger than 4″/10cm square. But how does your gauge compare to the pattern gauge? You pattern will give you gauge information under a section titled Gauge. For Crochet it may looks something like this: 4″/10cm x 4″/10cm = 14 sts x 16 rows in single crochet This example is giving you the pattern designer’s gauge. For most patterns to work, i.e. for your finished item to have a similar look, drape, feel and to fit you head or body then you will need to check and match gauge. Other important information to know is if the gauge is before or after blocking. If blocking is important (as in a sweater pattern) then likely it will be blocked gauge. How to Check Gauge, after blocking (for beginners) 1. For best result check gauge by crocheting a swatch in the indicated stitch that is larger than 4”/10cm square. 2. Block your swatch by wetting it with a spray bottle, or soaking it and then pin it to a blocking board, or safe surface covered by a towel (like a counter, or bed). Let it dry before you measure gauge. If you are not using acrylic yarn, be sure to follow the care instructions on your yarn label. If you are using acrylic, then you can just toss the swatch in the washer and dryer (double check that care label, as I can’t speak for every yarn)! 3. Once your swatch is dry, measure the number of stitches in 4”/10cm and compare it to the stitches listed under the Gauge section above. How to Adjust your gauge 1. After working a swatch and measuring gauge: If you crochet fewer stitches in 4”/10cm than the listed gauge, then your gauge is larger and you may want to go down a hook size. 2. If you crochet more stitches in 4”/10cm then your gauge is smaller and you may want to go up a hook size. 3. If your gauge does not match and you know you need to go up or down a hook size, you should swatch again with the new hook size! I know, I don’t want to either, but I do want your sweater to fit. And it’s much faster to crochet a small swatch and block it, than to crochet a whole sweater and realize it doesn’t fit. Other ways to meet gauge 1. There are other ways to adjust your gauge to match a pattern, but it can get a bit mathy. You can add/subtract stitches or rows. But if you’re working a more complicated stitch pattern then the math may do you in, as you’ll need to understand how to adjust a pattern that uses stitch multiples. 2. Changing your yarn can also help. Many yarns that are in the same weight category are actually quite different and will affect your gauge as well. 3. If the pattern has multiple sizes, you may consider going up or down a size in the pattern. So if you’re stitches are larger, your item will be larger than intended, so you would go down a size. And if your stitches are smaller then your item will be smaller than intended, so you would go up a size. 4. Usually, stitch gauge is most important, as row gauge is easier to adjust. You simply crochet more or less rows. However, in raglan patterns, or top down designs the row gauge becomes just as important as stitch gauge. Yarn label with crochet gauge information. On the left side of this yarn label is gauge information for a 4″/10cm square. The yarn label here gives the suggested crochet hook of I-9 with this #4 medium worsted weight yarn. If you crochet a swatch with this yarn and hook combo it is likely you will get 12 single crochets in 4″/10cm and 15 rows of single crochet in 4″/10cm. However, it is entirely possible that you will not get the same measurements! This does not mean you’re doing anything wrong. Our tension is very specific to how we crochet, how we hold the yarn, how we move the hook. Sincerely Pam did a little gauge swatch test between some designers and the results were pretty interesting, and totally what you’d expect-they’re all different. A few stitches may not seem like a lot but they add up over the many inches we crochet! Crochet Tension Sometimes the terms gauge and tension are used interchangeably in the crochet world. The tension is how tightly or loosely you crochet with your yarn. Tension is most affected by how you hold your yarn. It’s important to hold it comfortably, and allow the yarn to flow freely through your fingers and on to your hook. There are different ways to hold the yarn that will help tighten or loosen it, but some of it is just personal preference and that is ok. Some of us crochet tighter and some looser. Setting up your crocheting station can help much with having an easy, comfortable tension. For right handed crocheters, you want the yarn on your left, as it glides through your left hand first. For left handed crocheters, you’ll want the yarn on your right, if that’s the hand you hold the yarn with. Anything your yarn touches will add tension to it. So you want to get the ball/skein/cake set up in a yarn bowl (even if it’s a clean popcorn or salad bowl from the kitchen) or open project bag. Be sure the bag sides don’t fall down on the yarn, which will add to the tension. You’ll have to tug harder to get the yarn out. If you have the space, you can actually set up your yarn bowl pretty far away from you. Like sit on one end of the couch and place the yarn bowl on the floor, on the opposite end of the couch. Here the yarn would not be on the floor, but going from the bowl up into your hand. This allows the yarn flowing into your hand and hook to already be free of the ball/skein/cake that it’s in, which means easier tension. Yarn + Hook Habits Sometimes we develop habits with the yarn or hook that may affect our gauge and tension. • Are you pulling the yarn tight, after you make a stitch? Your tension may be too loose, try a different yarn hold. • Are you tilting your hook, to finish your stitches? The hook should remain horizontal for the most part when crocheting. If you are moving the handle up or down, to work your stitches you may have a tight tension. Single crochet swatch in white. How to Check Crochet Gauge Yield: 1 Prep Time: 1 minute Active Time: 5 minutes Additional Time: 1 minute Total Time: 7 minutes Difficulty: Easy Estimated Cost: $1 Learn how to check gauge and make sure your crochet project will fit! • Yarn designated by your pattern. • Hook designated by your pattern. 1. Crochet a swatch that is larger than 4"/10cm square. 2. If applicable: Block your swatch by wetting it (or washing if able), and let it dry. 3. Measure how many stitches you have across a 4"/10cm section. 4. Measure how many rows you have over a 4"/10cm section. 5. Compare your gauge to the pattern gauge. 6. If your gauge matches, then you're ready to start crocheting. 7. If your gauge does not match then go up or down a hook size, and swatch again with the new hook size. Remember if you have more stitches than the gauge, go down a hook size. If you have less stitches than the gauge, go up a hook size. Recommended Products Did you make this project? Sharing is caring! Skip to Instructions
What are the 7 habitats of the world? Which is the world’s largest habitat? The deep-sea habitat The deep-sea is the largest habitat on earth. The area reaches over 4 000m in depth and covers 53% of the sea’s surface, which in turn covers 71% of the world’s surface! What are the 10 main habitats? These habitats are Polar, Tundra, Evergreen forests, Seasonal forests, Grasslands, Deserts, Tropical Rainforests, Oceans. What are the six types of habitat? Types of Habitats • Deserts. • Forests. • Grasslands. • Islands. • Mountains. • Oceans. • Wetlands. What is habitat Class 7 history? Answer: Habitat is the natural environment of an organism and it is the place where it grows and proceeds its life , it is the place where an organism is found. What are the 4 major habitats? Terrestrial Habitat. • Type # 1. Marine Habitat: • Type # 2. Fresh-Water Habitat: • Type # 3. Estuarine Habitat: • Type # 4. Terrestrial Habitat: What is the coldest habitat? Oymyakon, in Siberia, holds the record for being the coldest permanently inhabited place on earth. The village, which sits 217 miles (350 km) below the Arctic Circle, is home to more than 210,000 people, despite its ground being in a constant state of permafrost. Is the ocean One habitat? Ocean habitats can be divided into two: coastal and open ocean habitats. … Ocean and coastal habitats can be created by species living in them. Corals, kelp, mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses are the “eco-engineers” of the coasts. They reshape the marine environment to create habitats for other organisms. IT IS INTERESTING: What is the purpose of environmental microbiology? Is Mountain a habitat? Mountain habitat is a broad term that defines the terrain rising above the foothills. … These habitats include coniferous forests of several juniper and pine species, deciduous stands of aspen, meadows, lakes, streams, valleys, alpine tundra, talus slopes and open rocky terrain.
Click below to VIEW INSIDE this title: Animals That Fly and Birds That Don't Updated for 2020, Engaging text describes animals that don't always do what the rest of their species do. Series: Weird and Wonderful Animals Interest Level: Grades 3-6 Guided Reading Level: P Lexile Level: 675 ISBN: 9781625137821 (E-book) Copyright: ©2020 Pages: 32 Includes Teacher's Notes
How To Write A Haiku About A Person Maybe you want to write a funny haiku about your dog. The haiku is meant to be in conversation with the prose section, serving as a thematic accompaniment. Daily English Lesson • Learn Something New English Write a haiku about someone on your mind today. How to write a haiku about a person. However, the structure of traditional haiku is the same as it has been for centuries. Haikus do not all have to be about nature or the seasons. Now you can find haiku poems in many different languages. You can decide to write a poem talking about love or even that person or thing that makes you happy or sad. The meeting of two images; Find out the sharp details of the things you want to write about. A haiku is a short japanese poem used to evoke images. Haiku originated as the opening part of a japanese collaborative poem, called renga. In modern haiku there are no specific rules; Once you start brainstorming your mind will start finding ways to write it. In traditional haiku poetry, similes and metaphors don't make the cut. Imagine a scene in your mind and jot down about it in the most straightforward manner. 5 syllables for the first line, 7 for the second, and; Get to the point quickly to maximize your syllables without the need for either comparison technique. Or look out your window, and describe what you see. The most commonly known aspect of a haiku is. This tool can help you create your own haiku poems. But even if you’re not a music fan, don’t worry; It is easy to feel a sense of perfection when viewing a perfectly formed haiku. If your goal is to write a haiku that follows all the conventions of a traditional haiku, then there are three things you need to consider: For example, you have an interesting pet and you want to write something funny about it, or it can be that childhood thought that you want to use it as an inspiration for your haiku. The writer captures an ordinary moment by using simple and direct words. You can also choose a particular person or object as an inspiration for the poem. If you really want to get your teeth into haiku, however, you need to go deeper. Avoid writing in first person to stick with the traditional format. Haiku is a poem of ancient japanese origin. Each sheet is given a number, and passed person to person. To begin learning how to write a haiku, follow these simple. Write your haiki in present tense to emphasize a particular moment. Read all the famous haiku works, and you will start getting ideas about what to write. Haikus are short poems that don’t rhyme, but instead focus on the total number of syllables in each line (syllables are the sounds created by a vowel or sometimes by the. Traditionally, haiku are about nature and usually use seasonal or weather words. Most often, haiku poems are about seasons or nature, though you can write your own haiku about anything you like. Help me please, i am drowning in a homework pile i should be doing procrastinator and perfectionist, is not a good combination this i know from when i don’t work on an essay then stay up all night trying to save the elusive a so i can keep figure. But over time the first verse, haiku, became a separate genre that spread throughout the world. Haiku poems are typically about nature and usually about a specific season. After the first verse was written, it was passed to the next poet who added more lines to it. Learn how to write a haiku. By becoming familiar with haiku, thoughtfully selecting a person to write about and carefully crafting your poem, you can be sure to create a haiku your recipient will cherish. The accompanying haiku usually appears at the end of the haibun composition, though in some cases it may appear in the middle or at the very beginning. T he most basic definition of haiku is a three line poem where the 1st and 3rd lines are 5 syllables and the 2nd line is 7 syllables. How to write a haiku in 7 steps. Let’s take a look at these aspects one at a time through some examples. As poets, as think each person gravitates to the form that they identify with most and it shapes their writing. The 1951 book haiku by r. In other words, the poet shows rather than tells. Haiku (俳句, listen (help · info)) is a type of short form poetry originally from japan.traditional japanese haiku consist of three phrases that contain a kireji, or cutting word, 17 on (a type of japanese phoneme) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern, and a kigo, or seasonal reference.similar poems that do not adhere to these rules are generally classified as senryū. It’s easy to pick up the rhythm of this ancient form of japanese poetry and learn to write a haiku poem yourself. Because haiku are simple poems, they are a great way of expressing your feelings about someone. If you don’t want to write about nature, and would prefer to write haiku about candy or sports, that is perfectly okay. It's your own haiku generator. Or perhaps you want to write a thoughtful haiku about your childhood toy. You can use the pictures lower down on this page to give you ideas. Stephen dobbyns, for example, writes prose poetry. One more thing to keep in mind is that the last line of a haiku usually makes an observation. Try to zoom in on a small detail that contains the feeling of the larger scene. Choose a person or object as your subject. Photo by masaaki komori on unsplash. If you are wondering how to write a haiku for the first time, consider the following steps: all haiku poem poems by SarahNoelle sunshinebottle Pin on Abstract Painting Courses & Tutorials Take Your Students on a Haiku Hike Teaching poetry Mentor Texts for Writing Teaching Syllables and Haiku Traditional Haiku Poetic Forms Poetry Blogs Where People My Haiku Worksheet Poetry worksheets, Have fun teaching Haiku Poems for Kids in 2020 Haiku poems for kids, Poem 3D Haiku Poems in 2020 Spring writing activity, Writing Haiku anchor chart Haiku poems for kids, Poetry lessons Yew Trees a symbiotic poem haiku renga poems Fall Haiku Writing Unit and Display Poetry for kids A winter haiku Haiku poems, Funny haiku, Funny haiku poems How to write a haiku free video for kids and Many people ask why I write in Haiku or why I love Haiku haiku poem gift love gratitude relationships Life Writing Challenge Day 5 Wounded, A Good Day & An Old Take Your Students on a Haiku Hike Teaching poetry Haiku poetry Teaching poetry, Poetry lessons, Poetry Helpful Ideas for Teaching Haiku Poetry Poetry
Victorian Era Women’s Fashions: From Hoop Skirts to Bustles Clothing styles were dictated by propriety, and stylish garments were a sign of respectability. The copious amounts of fabric used in the creation of Victorian dresses usually meant that most women owned few outfits. Detachable collars and cuffs enabled a woman to change the look of a garment for a bit of variety. Of course, wealthier women owned more garments that were made of finer fabrics and used more material and embellishments. The Victorian Period in Fashion: Historical Background The Victorian period, generally the time between 1837 and the 1890s, is named after Britain’s Queen Victoria (1819–1901), a long-lived and highly influential monarch in an era when women had little power or opportunity. In those days, women lived at the largess of men—first their fathers or guardians, then their husbands. A young lady was expected to be meek and mild, to acquiesce to her father’s or husband’s wishes. A woman’s intelligence and wit were restricted to social events and amusing conversation. Jobs for Women Employment opportunities were limited to teaching young girls, being a governess, domestic servitude, and later factory or mill work. Of course, rural women had plenty of work if they lived on a farm. Some women earned money from cottage industries, but the the Industrial Revolution put an end to enterprises such as spinning yarn and making lace at home. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution created new wealth for investors, industrialists, and merchants. It introduced a new middle class who, proud of their status, displayed their wealth with great ostentation. Women wore their status in fabric, and lots of it—from the mid-century hoop skirts to the bustle later on in the beautiful dresses and styles of the Victorian period. The Industrial Revolution created a new urbanization as towns and cities filled with workers for the new mills and factories where women worked long hours in grim, dirty, and often dangerous conditions. Early Victorian Fashion 1836 ushered in a new change from the Romantic style of dress. Large Gignot sleeves suddenly slimmed and a seam line dropped the shoulder of dresses. A tight fitting bodice was boned and slanted to emphasize the waist. Cartridge pleats at the waist created volume in the skirt without adding bulk to the waist. Women of a higher social class were expected to be demure and indolent as reflected by the restrictive dropped shoulder lines and corsets. • Dresses in soft colors could be refreshed with detachable white collars and cuffs. • In the 1840s, extra flounces were added to skirts and women wore a short over-skirt in day dressing. Skirts widened as the hourglass silhouette became the popular look, and women took to wearing layers of petticoats. Bodices took on a V shape and the shoulder dropped more. • Evening wear exposed the shoulders and neckline, and corsets lost their shoulder straps. Sleeves of ball gowns were usually short. • Although women wore what we call “dresses,” many of these costumes were actually a separate bodice and skirt. • Three-quarter length sleeves lasted through most of the Victorian period and some sleeves began to sprout bell shaped ruffles. • For most of the 19th century, bonnets were the headgear of choice. Styles varied from plain to heavily ornamented. Victorian Hair and Makeup Women’s hair was generally worn long, caught up in a chignon or bun. In the 1840s, ringlets of curls hung on either side of the head. In the 1870s, women drew up the side hair but let it hang in long, loose curls in back. Crimping became popular in the early 1870s. Throughout the Victorian period, women wore false hair pieces and extensions as well as artificial flowers such as velvet pansies and roses, false leaves, and beaded butterflies, often combined into intricate and beautiful headpieces. Makeup was mostly worn by theater people. The look for women in Victorian days was very pale skin, occasionally highlighted with a smidge of rouge on the cheeks.
Home Made Stirling Engines From Expedient Materials Many of us have read about Stirling engines, engines which form mechanical heat pumps and derive motion from the expansion and contraction of a body of air. A very few readers may have built one, but for many they remain one of those projects we’d rather like to try but never quite have the inclination. The YouTube channel of [Geral Na Prática] should provide plenty of vicarious enjoyment then, with the construction of a range of Stirling engines from commonly available materials. We have Coke cans, PVC pipe, and nebuliser cartridges forming pistons and cylinders, with wire wool serving as a regenerative heat store. The latest video is below the break, an amazing 10-cylinder rotary device. The Stirling engine is perhaps the quintessential example of a device whose time never came, never able to compete in power and efficiency with first steam engines and then internal combustion engines, it has over the years been subject to a variety of attempted revivals. Today it has appeared variously in solar power projects and in NASA’s hypothetical off-world power plants, and will no doubt continue to be promoted as an alternative energy conversion mechanism. We’ve featured many working model Stirling engines in our time and even done a longer investigation of them, but sadly we’ve yet to see a story involving a practical version. Our thanks to [TheFinn] for the tip! 27 thoughts on “Home Made Stirling Engines From Expedient Materials 1. Stirling engines found a home in AIP (a catch-all term for subs in the traditional “diesel” class with improved underwater loiter/travel endurance) subs for a time. The Swedish Gotland-class, which famously “sunk” a US supercarrier in exercises (after which the US borrowed one for a while to develop counter tactics), uses one to generate electricity for propulsion. A Stirling engine was used due to its efficiency and extremely low noise. I think that Stirlings’ time is past in subs, though, as battery technology has improved enough to obsolete it as a generator. It was a narrow sweet spot in time and application, but it was there. 1. Well… One major reason the the stirling engine was selected for air independent propulsion of the Gotland and her sisters was a unique property of stirlings and that is that the combustion chamber is not connected to the piston. If you tried to run a diesel submerged youll flood the cylinders and crank case. The combustion pressure in a diesel isnt high enough to push the exhaust against the water pressure. But a stirling doesnt suffer from that. You can burn diesel and liquid oxygen att pressures high enough to dump the exhaust overboard, since there is no cylinder in contact, you can run the engine itself at a suitable pressure regardless of combustion pressure. 1. A chunk of plutonium and a sterling engine could generate more power than a RTG. But have more moving parts, and for space missions reliability is higher priority than efficiency. 1. There are zero-touching-moving-parts free piston stirling engines, and they’re designed specifically for exactly this: RTG generators, using linear alternators. I think a few have even been deployed on spacecraft. 2. Your plutonium and a simple thermocouple provide electricity with zero moving parts. As you said, less efficient, but more reliable. JPL has used this style in some space missions. 2. There are actually Stirling engines used in space missions… as cryocoolers for infrared sensors. A stirling engine can be driven “backwards” to provide cooling, and you can make a completely sealed engine that is just driven by alternating current through a coil. they are more complex than Peltier elements, but provide higher temperature differentials at a higher efficiency. 1. Yes, but round-trip efficiency is much below 50%. But, there are companies like Azelio, which store heat in molten aluminum and then drive a stirling engine with that. 2. How about a single cylinder Stirling Engine, where the piston is a powerful magnet, as part of a linear generator, buried somewhere with plenty of geothermal energy preferably with a cold air temperature ? 1. A Stirling engine can have lots of torque, but the usual models and ones used for stove fans etc won’t as its not what they are for. Same way a steam engine has no torque when you talk about the early or low pressure ones but the super heated high pressure steam engine has oodles, built for the usecase. I’d agree its harder to get lots of torque out of a Stirling than steam, but it is entirely possible to do so… And for such a low torque application as waving a magnet through a coil it really won’t matter anyway, it only needs enough to move the rather light magnetic piston through the coil. I’d be more concerned that over time the magnet would end up cooked… 1. Microgen’s free piston linear alternator SE claims a 45000 hour run time on any fuel. It’s derived from similar linear alternator FPSE’s developed for space programs. 1. I guess the question is, how repairable is it after that time? Would it be cost/carbon effective? At least, when in, operation it should run 24/7 – so maybe handy for baseload? 3. Nice build, lots of effort, but just a toy. Not long life with wear on the crank system. Was hoping he’d show an application of some sort. Fan maybe or ??? How much torque? Didn’t even show that it would run in both directions. 1. If it cannot power a small town, what’s the point, eh? /s It’s made from rubbish, of course it is a toy – where did the creator say it was a production ready device, or even claim that it had any particular utility? Sometimes things can just be cool for what they are. Although I think Joe put it better than me. 4. One Weird Place You’ll Never Believe that stirlings are already in regular use, and probably the most common hardware for the application, is cryocoolers: running them in reverse and using the cold side for generating and maintaining ultralow temperatures for long periods of time at relatively high energy efficiency. Sunpower makes a bunch. 5. Even just pointing one side at the sun and insulating it from the cold side would be good at certain distances. Cooling is the hard part. Perhaps a rotating craft might be a good way to go. Periodically heating and cooling each side. 6. To expand on what Rog77 has said, I always thought that good application for Stirling engine would be Arctic and Antarctic. Bury hot side into the ice or ground. The cold side is open to the air. Presto, up to 50 or even 90 C temperature difference, enough to efficiently drive any Stirling engine. Leave a Reply

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