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Expert Reviewed wikiHow to Research Workplace Copyrights Three Methods:Evaluating the WorkGetting PermissionAnalyzing Fair UseCommunity Q&A Many people assume that anything they find on the internet is fair game. However, people who create any work have full copyright protection in that work from the moment they create it. This generally means they hold the exclusive rights to publish, copy, and distribute that work. If you plan on using any work created by someone other than yourself, such as in a social media post or a presentation for your company, you must research the copyright and get permission to use it in the workplace.[1] Evaluating the Work 1. 1 Determine the author of the work. In most cases, the person who created the work owns the copyright in that work.[2] • Often the creator's name will accompany the work. For text, this usually is pretty easy, but it can be more difficult with visual works. For example, if you find a photograph you want to use on the internet, you might look for a watermark or other signature. • If you found the image on a website, you may be able to contact the person who owns or operates the website and find out the identity of the photographer. • Unfortunately, images get copied and pasted on the internet so many times it can be difficult to locate the original source. • You can try searching by image, which will bring up similar images all over the internet. Sort your results by date – the oldest typically will get you closer to the original photographer. 2. 2 Find out the context of the work's creation. If the work was created in the course and scope of employment, the author's employer may own the copyright in the work.[3] • Ultimately, you need to know who owns the copyright in the work you want to use so you know who you need to contact to get permission to use it. • If you find something on the internet you want to use, look for copyright information on the website itself. There may be a dedicated copyright link, or you may find this information under an "about" or "legal" link. • Whether something was created as a work-for-hire also will impact the duration of copyright protection, so generally it's important to find out whether the copyright owner is an individual or a business. #Figure out when the work was created. Learning the date of creation can help you determine if the work is in the public domain, and therefore free to use.[4] • Generally, anything created before 1922 is in the public domain. Determining the copyright status of works created between 1922 and 1978 is more complicated, because the copyright law in effect at the time required a copyright notice to be printed on registered works, and also required copyrights to be renewed. • Copyright protection begins at the moment a work is created. It isn't even necessary to officially register a copyright to get this protection. However, people do have the right to release their work into the public domain if they choose. • If something was created after 1978, you can assume the author has full copyright protection unless there is an explicit statement that the work is in the public domain. 3. 3 Look for a Creative Commons license. Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization that enables creators to license certain uses of their work.[5] • Many creators who share their work on the internet use Creative Commons licenses to manage their intellectual property. These licenses are free for the creator and allow him or her to set the level of protection for any given work. • For example, if the creator is fine with others using and sharing her work as long as she is properly attributed as the creator of the work, she might have an attribution license. • Other Creative Commons licenses restrict use of the work to non-commercial uses only, or only allow you to use the work if you make the work in which you use it available to others on the same terms. • Generally, if there is a Creative Commons license attached to the work, this will be indicated by a Creative Commons logo. If you see this logo, that means you don't have to contact the creator to use the work, as long as your use falls within the bounds of the license. Getting Permission 1. 1 Consider sharing directly rather than copying. Usually if you share a link to the original work rather than copying and pasting, you won't be violating copyright laws by sharing it.[6][7] • On social media, providing a direct link to an article rather copying it or screen-capping it and posting it directly to your account is preferred to avoid copyright violations. • Many blogging platforms such as WordPress and Tumblr allow for you to reblog or "re-press" an article so that the author and original source remain intact. • This general rule applies not only in material you share with the general public, but also information you forward to fellow employees. • For example, if you read an article you think has application to your business, you may want to share its insights with your coworkers. To comply with copyright law, send them a link to the article (if you found it online). • If it was a print article, write a capsule summary, then tell them how to purchase the magazine or journal where you read it. You also might suggest that you have a copy if anyone wants to borrow it – but typing the article into an email, or scanning it and attaching it, generally is considered a violation of copyright law. 2. 2 Use the Copyright Office's online records catalog. If a copyright was registered after 1978, you can search the online database to find the name and contact information of the copyright owner.[8][9] • To access the Copyright Office's public catalog, go to • You can search by title, the name of the copyright owner, or by keyword. Searching by name or title will provide the most narrow search results, but you should use a keyword search if you're not sure of the exact title or copyright owner. • You can narrow the results of your keyword search as much as possible by using Boolean operators such as "AND" or "NOT."[10] • Keep in mind that a creator doesn't need to register his or her copyright to have copyright protection – so just because you don't find anything in the Copyright Office's records doesn't mean you're off the hook in terms of getting permission to use the work. 3. 3 Contact the copyright owner directly. Generally you must get permission directly from the copyright owner to use his or her work.[11] • Once you find the copyright owner, send him or her a letter. Introduce yourself and describe the work you want to use and how you want to use it. • If you plan to use the work for internal purposes and don't anticipate any commercial gain as a result, be sure and highlight that. • For example, you might write: "I recently read your article on making effective use of social media and believe it would be extremely beneficial to my marketing team. I would like to make 20 copies of your article to distribute to my team for use as a reference during a presentation I'm making next month." • If you want to use the work for commercial or advertising purposes, be prepared to pay. There are no legal guidelines that control how much – or how little – a copyright owner can demand in return for the right to use his or her work. • Avoid putting forward an amount you'll be willing to pay to use the work. Some creators would be willing to let you use their work for free, but if you offer them money, they'll take it. • In your first contact with the copyright owner, you simply want to ask for permission. Let the copyright owner tell you if he or she expects to get paid, and you can negotiate a price from there. 4. 4 Get written permission to use the work. If you come to an agreement with the copyright owner, make sure you have it in writing to protect you from later questions or issues.[12] • If you've agreed to pay the copyright owner to use the work, make sure you have a written license before you send him or her the check. • Copyright law doesn't provide any requirements for a license – it's just like any other contract. The terms should be straightforward and can be written in plain language; there's no need for any formalities or specific legal language. Analyzing Fair Use 1. 1 Make an initial determination that fair use might apply. The fair use doctrine is designed generally to protect educational and nonprofit uses of copyrighted works.[13][14] • Keep in mind that fair use is a defense to infringement. Copyright lawsuits are complex, time-consuming, and expensive – not to mention a distraction for your business. If there's any chance you might get sued for infringement, be careful relying on fair use. • In most cases, you should attempt to get permission from the copyright owner to use the work, even if you believe fair use probably applies. 2. 2 Evaluate the purpose and character of your use. You have a stronger fair use claim if your use substantially transforms or comments on the original work.[15] • Courts consider this the most important factor in determining fair use. This supports the goal of fair use, which is to further the public interest and keep copyright laws from being used to silence commentary or criticism of a work. • For example, suppose you read an article by a leading marketing expert and profoundly disagreed with it. You write your own article quoting heavily from the original article for the purposes of pointing out how the expert was wrong, and distribute your article to everyone who works at your company and publish it on your company's blog. You could comfortably rely on fair use to publish the quotes from the other article, as long as your quotes weren't so extensive you effectively re-published the entire article. 3. 3 Consider the nature of the work. Typically you have more leeway to copy nonfictional material than you do creative or artistic work.[16][17] • Graphic elements can significantly increase the response to advertising and social media posts. However, make sure the images you're using were created in-house, or that you have permission to use them. • Avoid using art you find on the internet, especially if you can't find the creator. Simply saying "author unknown" is not enough to get you out of infringement. Likewise, intent is not an element of infringement. This means making a disclaimer that you didn't create the work and no infringement was intended does not relieve you of liability for infringement. 4. 4 Calculate how much of the work you plan to use. Generally, your fair use argument is stronger if you take a relatively small portion of the work relative to the whole.[18] • This factor relates closely to the nature and character of your use. How much of the original work you need to copy to make your own piece work depends on your purpose. • To return to the marketing article example, since you are responding to and arguing against the original article, you must include enough of the original article that your readers will understand what you're talking about. However, you don't necessarily need to print the whole thing. • How much of the original work you need to use to make your point is a subjective determination that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding your use – it won't be the same for any two situations. 5. 5 Assess the effect of your use. If your use deprives the copyright owner of income he or she otherwise would have received, you will have a difficult time claiming fair use.[19] • A lot of this assessment depends on why the original work was created. If you found the marketing expert's article and simply copied it a dozen times and passed those copies out to your marketing team, this would pretty clearly deprive the copyright owner of income. • Similarly, if you run a travel agency and you took a picture you found online to use in one of your brochures, this also would not be considered fair use. You used the photo for a commercial purpose – to attract clients to your travel agency – and this is the sort of use for which photographers typically are compensated. Community Q&A Ask a Question 200 characters left Article Info Categories: Intellectual Property Did this article help you?
MephistoI’ve been pretty ill this weekend, so just a quick real-life mystery today. As is usual in the new year, I’ve been rooting through old notebooks to see which half-formed plots I’ve got buried there still interest me. My post about the Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes reminded me about an idea for a plot about a chess automaton. In my story, naturally the automaton appears to commit a dastardly crime: in this case, the murder of a chess champion during a chess demonstration, on stage in front of hundreds of a people. I’m pretty pleased with my “design” for the automaton and the subsequent murder. The automaton is shaped like the goddess of chess Caissa, and she’s unpacked and constructed from her component parts in full view of the audience before the game begins, to prove that there’s no-one concealed inside. I’m pretty sure it would work, and in fact I’m surprised that none of the automata exhibited at the time employed a similar trick. Now all I need is an actual plot to go with the crime! Automata don’t feature as much in mystery fiction as you might expect. Despite being incredibly creepy, and an obvious candidate for “impossible” murders, there’s only really The Crooked Hinge by John Dickson Carr, and that’s a real hodge-podge of brilliant ideas and terrible execution. Chess automata were a huge phenomenon in the 18th and 19th centuries, mechanical figures which could apparently play chess of their own accord. The Turk is the most famous, but there were quite a few which toured Europe and America, playing against the public, chess masters, celebrities and even royalty. Most of them were simply elaborate trick cabinets; the operator would open various windows in the base to show that they were apparently filled with cogs, but actually there was space for a human player to be concealed inside and operate the machine. But Mephisto was different, apparently. Designed as a stylized devil, Mephisto was apparently “remotely controlled by electromechanical means”. But beyond that it’s hard to find any concrete information about it. How did it work? Or how might such a machine work? Was it just a cover story to distract from another concealed player, or was it really possible in 1876 to design an electromechanically operated arm that could move chess pieces around a board? 4 thoughts on “Mephisto 1. Rich, do you still recall your automaton solution? I know you probably wouldn’t want to spoil it, but the idea sounds lovely. I’ve also tried writing several stories on this topic–a fascinating one. Have you ever read magician Ricky Jay’s book on the subject? P.S. Please come back–you and I may disagree on this or that, but I love the blog! • Hi Karl. Thanks for the kind comment! I’m hoping to return to blogging soon, but I’m just so busy. I’ve actually been working on my Caissa story a bit this year. It’s now an epistolary novel set during the Congress of Vienna, so there’s a lot of research to do, but the central impossible crime and solution remains the same. The Turk comes up in a lot of places, of course, but I haven’t read any books dedicated to it or other chess automata. Is Ricky Jay the American who built a replica Turk? I think I’ve seen some YouTube videos. • Thank you for the kind words as well. Congratulations on the story’s progress, and I won’t ask you any more questions about it, then. (For this one, we shall regard spoilers somewhat… 🙂 ) An epistolary novel set during the Congress of Vienna sounds fantastic. I’m in the same situation regarding notebooks of half-formed plot ideas. I seem to write down ideas wherever I go, so I remember (e.g.) going to a strawberry festival and writing down the first few ideas for a tale set there. Mysteries, ghost stories, historical fiction–there’s always something writer-types are scribbling… I understand about the busyness, and I hope all’s going well. I agree with you completely that there needs to be a space to discuss the techniques of the detective story, including spoilers, more than simply reviewing. As for Jay, he remains one of my favorite magicians of all time; for all that he was inspired in technique from Cardini and (especially) Dai Vernon, his talent remains remarkable, and, even when I know how the trick is done, I can never see Jay’s slight of hand. That is the sign of a master. The book is Jay’s Journal of Anomalies. Excellent background material for the budding mystery writer; Carr would have loved it. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Braj Bhasha literature From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Braj Bhasha literature is literature in Braj Bhasha, a dialect of Hindi language or specifically Western Hindi. It is of mystical nature, related to the spiritual union of people with God, because almost all of the Braj Bhasha poets were considered God-realised saints and their words are thus considered as directly emanating from a divine source. Much of the traditional Northern Indian literature shares this trait. It literary tradition is a celebration of Lord Krishna.[1][2] The Braj region has a rich legacy and the medium was mainly the literary vehicle for the poets viz. Surdas, Tulsidas, Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla, Raskhan, Amir Khusrau among others.[3] Braj Bhasha gained wider literary acceptance after Mughal emperor, Akbar, accepted it as one of the royal court's language and liked to use it to compose poems. The form[edit] Another peculiar feature of Northern Indian literature is that the literature is mostly written from a female point of view, even by male poets. This is because the saints were in a state of transcendental, spiritual love, where they were metaphorically women reuniting with their beloved. (In its inversion of the conventional genders of worshipper and worshippee, Maulana Da’ud's Chandayan departs from this tradition.) Literary works in Braj Bhasha[edit] Some major literary works in Braj Bhasha are:
ArtsAutosBooksBusinessEducationEntertainmentFamilyFashionFoodGamesGenderHealthHolidaysHomeHubPagesPersonal FinancePetsPoliticsReligionSportsTechnologyTravel • » • Politics and Social Issues» • Social Issues Stereotyping is Inevitable; Racism is Optional Updated on September 8, 2014 What helped evolving humans survive, a sense of intergroup connectedness, group identity and a need to protect others in our tribe, has in modern times lead us to hate members of our species and commit atrocities against outsiders. Like the Nazi, the slave trader, Crusaders and jihadists, lack of contact with those outside our group leads to the development of a negative, unrealistic impressions if them. These outsiders become dangerous, savage, immoral objects in our imaginations. Our stereotypes become malignant and lead us to justify committing crimes against outsiders such as taking away their rights and livelihoods and killing them if they get in the way. And the more these outsiders differ from us in appearance and manner, the more we feel justified in subjugating them. Some white people don’t perceive racism in the United States, for they aren’t affected by it. Many don’t interact with African Americans or other minorities on a daily basis. And often, when whites do interact with outsiders, these minorities are in service roles and/or perceived to be subservient and of lower status to whites. Whites often dismiss minority perceptions of racism as an overreaction to social interactions. They might state that minorities are over-sensitive, for many whites have little understanding of racism. Either they don’t recognize racism when it happens around them, or they exist in homogeneous (white) neighborhoods and workplaces without racial interactions. What whites see is either criminal blacks and Latinos on COPS and other crime shows or the news or the successful minorities like Barack Obama, Oprah, Cosby, Jay-Z, Julio Iglesias, and Carlos Santana. This proves to them that racism doesn’t exist, that all races are given equal opportunity and success is a matter of character and not race. Some whites even say that the existence of films like “12 Years a Slave” proves that racism is non-existent. How else would have film have been made if racism still part of America? There are people who look at the Ferguson police shooting of Michael Brown and don’t see a racial component just as there are people that think mentioning race in the Treyvon Martin shooting is "reverse racism." An article ironically titled “Hear no Racism, Speak no Racism” is a prime example of this. The author uses a standard deniers argument that the existence of black racism negates white racism, “…arguably the least discussed type of racism is that which comes from blacks themselves.” Most blacks clearly understand that if Treyvon Martin had been white, Zimmerman would have been less likely to chase him down, shoot him, and kill him. This is part of their daily challenge navigating race in the United States. Even the Mayor of Ferguson, James Knowles, is ignorant of the racial divide in his city, saying that “ “none of the city’s residents believe there is a racial divide in the community.” ” Clearly, blacks see the divide, but non-blacks may have more trouble seeing the race problems. And the mayor, whose job it is to care for all the citizens of Ferguson, has political reasons to downplay the racial problems. In the late 1950s, sociologist Herbert Blumer formulated the group-position thesis to explain an individuals perceptions of society based on their ethnic group membership. He wrote that the differing perceptions people have of institutions such as the police depend on the group they belong to. The thesis explains why, “Blacks and whites often perceive American social institutions in starkly different terms, and views of criminal justice are no exception.” Race is an accurate predictor of perceptions of the police; blacks express discontent with policing at much higher rates than whites. In fact, “Dominant group attitudes toward other racial groups are therefore positional: shaped by a sense of supremacy over minority groups and a need to defend the group against threats to its interests.” (ibid) Many whites, being relatively dominant economically and politically in much of the United States, see the police as protecting their interests; blacks see the police treating them unjustly. Whites fear losing their resources and privileges and blacks perceive a loss of their freedom and rights at the hands of the police. Whites perceive police acting to protect the citizens equally because “To accept that minorities are mistreated would lend credence to reforms that might dilute crime control, thereby threatening whites.” (ibid) Minorities are more likely to see police misconduct, more than crime itself, as the problem. The Ferguson police has had other incidents of abuse against blacks. One notable case is the arrest and beating of Henry Davis. In September of 2009, police arrested Mr. Davis even though his middle name and Social Security number didn’t match the information on the warrant. After four Ferguson police officers unjustifiably beat him in his cell, they charged Davis with destruction of property for bleeding on their uniforms. That sent a warning to all future detainees, especially blacks, not to bleed when the Ferguson police beat you. Wouldn't it be a good public policing to investigate all cases of reported abuse? Ferguson has a history of racially profiling blacks. Over 86% of the police stops in Ferguson were of African Americans. In a city of 15,865, a city that is two-thirds black (over 10,000 people), nearly 5000 blacks have been stopped, or about 50%. Stopping 50% of the black population as opposed to about 14% of the white population is clearly racial profiling. (ibid) Is there any wonder blacks distrust the police at a much higher rate than whites? “…the increased risk of events like the shooting of Michael Brown is one of the costs of over-criminalization.” Michael Dorf The racial problems and abuse of blacks by the police are not only issues in Ferguson. “ “The truth is that the issues that are coming up in Ferguson are perhaps much more dramatic than in other places, but they're not peculiar to there,” says Dennis Parker, director of the ACLU’s Racial Justice Program.” In many cities, majority white police forces are the norm, no matter the make up of the community. Larger cities fair better in diversity than smaller cities. Ferguson happens to be the most segregated city in the nation. And their police force is 94% white in a city that is 66% black. However, diversification of police force doesn’t always solve the problem, “ “It’s an important part of the solution but it’s not the only part of the solution,” says Niaz Kasravi, the director of the NAACP’s Criminal Justice Program. Often racial profiling persists as a result of inadequate training as well as biased protocols coming from up top, she says.” For example, even though the New York police force has been majority-minority for the past nine years, there have still been issues with abuse and profiling. Texas has a high incident of police shootings of African Americans. Moreover, there is no law that requires police departments in Texas to report police shootings. “Since 2002, more than 60 unarmed civilians have been killed by Dallas police, but not one indictment has been filed against an officer, according to Mothers Against Police Brutality.” (ibid) One of the reasons there is an uptick in police abuses and profiling since the 1980s is the increase in “broken windows” policing and the war on drugs. Broken windows is a hypothesis promoted by Professors James Q. Wilson and George Kelling and argues that if police aggressively address low level crime such as graffiti, litter, and broken windows, more serious crimes will be reduced. The hypothesis states that this type of combative policing would lead to a more law-abiding citizenry. The result has been more abusive policing. Aggressive policing has lead to programs such as the unconstitutional “stop and frisk” policies in New York City, where “There were 4.4 million stops by the NYPD between 2004 and 2012. Ten percent of those stops were of whites, 84 percent were of blacks and Latinos. Of those 4.4 million stops, only 6 percent led to an arrest, 6 percent to a summons. The remaining 88 percent resulted in no other action…they involved…innocent people.” (link) Racial profiling for possible minor infractions only leads to more distrust of the police and racial tension. As the statistics suggest, these stops produced few arrests, few convictions, and mainly succeeded in harassing the populous. The war on drugs has not curtailed drug use or dealing and cost us hundreds of billions of dollars. And there is little need for this harsh policing of drug use; according to the U.N., 90% of all drug users are ‘not problematic’. Furthermore, “…this ostensibly race-neutral effort has been waged primarily against black Americans. Relative to their numbers in the general population and among drug offenders, black Americans are disproportionately arrested, convicted, and incarcerated on drug charges.” With the war on drugs and broken windows aggressive style policing, is it any wonder that some African Americans feel targeted? It is because they are targeted.   The racial difference in the perception of police misconduct is akin to the racial differences in how people perceive the shooting of Treyvon Martin and others. Over all, perceptions of the police remain negative. “Nearly 30 percent of Blacks hold these views, as compared to 11–15 percent of Whites...and it was defined as a neighborhood problem by more Blacks (27 percent) than Whites (19 percent).” There has always been a strained relationship between the police and minority communities. In the 50s and 60s, Southern police forces ignored and often covered up the brutality against blacks by whites in the South and used violent tactics against the black civil rights movement. In terms of modern targeting of African American communities, aggressive tactics became the norm after the race riots of 1967. The United States race riots of 1967 were a tipping point in modern police relations for the African American community. One report from during 1967 states that, “ “The police are faced with demands for increased protection and service in the ghetto. Yet the aggressive patrol practices thought necessary to meet these demands themselves create tension and hostility...” The report also indicated that lack of employment, poor housing and education and other factors led to the rioting. Instead of addressing the concerns of the community and rebuilding the neighborhoods, their main response was to send in police to harshly deal with the unrest. Stereotypes limit and dismiss people’s individuality, putting people into simple categories, and we judge people by the categories we put them in. “They also lend themselves to negative and derogatory assumptions. When that happens the stereotype blends into prejudice.” Putting people into simple categories doesn’t work well with humans, “Furthermore, people tend to evaluate out-groups more negatively than in-groups.” (ibid) Stereotyping is an easy shorthand for looking at the world when it doesn’t make sense to us. To reduce prejudice that occurs through tribalism, psychologist Gordon Allport hypothesized that intergroup contact could reduce racism. By creating cooperation and shared goals between groups, prejudice can be reduced. He concluded that, “Positive emotional experiences with members of different groups can also reduce negative stereotypes.” (ibid) However, instead of creating social contact between races, the policies of the last thirty years have increased the distance between us. These policies include redlining by race, the end of busing and a return of segregated schools, the electoral Southern strategy to increase animus whites have of blacks and other minorities, incarceration of blacks at record levels, among other policies. Not all stereotypes are negative or harmful. “What matters is the character of the stereotypes, and the gullibility with which we employ them. And these in the end depend upon those inclusive patterns which constitute our philosophy of life.” If we are aware of our stereotyping and how it leads to prejudice and racism, we can reduce their impact. Stereotyping is an inevitable part life; racism is optional. 0 of 8192 characters used Post Comment • Learn Things Web profile image Learn Things Web 2 years ago from California I've read that the militarization of the police is making things worse. The police may see the people in areas they serve as enemies to be attacked rather than a community they are there to protect. • texshelters profile image texshelters 2 years ago from Mesa, Arizona Stereotyping happens to all groups. Thanks! PTxS • profile image big daddy oreo 2 years ago As a man who is fascinated with race I actually pay attention to cops and race myself. When ever I see a cop pull someone over I look to see what color the driver is. I have not noticed a lot of black people getting pulled over. It looks like police just kind of randomly pull people over for petty stuff. Also at night time how can you tell what color the driver is? Usually you just see the type of car not the driver. I would imagine white cops would be reluctant to pull over a black person because of possible race card accusations. I remember during the dc sniper every one assumed the sniper was white male. I hear when they found out they were black the police were told to go easy on pulling over black people. Because they didn't want to look racist. • texshelters profile image texshelters 2 years ago from Mesa, Arizona Being wary of a white cop doesn't mean you assume he or she is racist. And, some people do assume that. I am not sure what harm that type of racism, which is actually a stereotype, does compared to what blacks and Latinos face on a daily basis. PTxS • profile image big daddy oreo 2 years ago It is racist to assume that a white cop is racist. Which many people do. I would love to be a man with black skin. But the last thing I would want to be is a white cop. • texshelters profile image texshelters 2 years ago from Mesa, Arizona Yes. Thanks. Damn alphabet! • cathylynn99 profile image cathylynn99 2 years ago from northeastern US voted up and useful, interesting. do you mean subjugating where you use subjecting? usually, you subject someone TO something.
Category Archives: Maths Consider a spherical, frictionless car of mass 1 … A car of mass m drives at speed v towards a concrete wall. Its kinetic energy is ½ mv2, and all of that energy is dissipated when it hits the wall. Now consider an identical car driving at speed 2v towards the same wall. Its kinetic energy is ½ m(2v)2 = ½ m4v2 = 2 mv— four times as much as the original car, since kinetic energy goes with the square of the velocity. I hope that up to this point, all this is uncontroversial. Continue reading What is a good decision? Suppose I come to you and offer to play the following game. I toss a fair coin. If it comes down heads, I give you £5; but if it comes down tails, you give me £10. This is not a favourable gamble for you: the expectation is that I will win £2.50 — in other words, if we play this game n times, I will win a total amount that, as n increases, approaches £2.50 x n. But suppose you just think, what the heck, let’s do it, and as it happens the coin comes down heads. You win £5 and walk away. Now: when you decided to play, did you make a good decision? Why armed guards in schools are a bad idea I hope that clears things up.
By Joe Mannetti This is a description of a bullying tactic that goes unacknowledged far too often in society. It is potentially just as hurtful, damaging, and powerful as physical or verbal bullying. It is often referred to as “the silent killer” – the bullying act of social exclusion. In an article by Louise Burfitt-Dons that was published in Class Magazine, she notes; “What makes you unique can also make you a victim. Standing out from the crowd can hold benefits when it comes to bagging the star role, getting that great contract which requires special expertise or being memorable. But the downside to being exceptional is the tall poppy syndrome. It can also mean you may be seen as a threat by ‘the group leader’ and become isolated as a result… Bullies know exclusion is a control technique. Knowledge is power and we need to be constantly informed to advance our social and work careers. So keeping you ‘out’ of the group keeps them in—and ahead of the game. It also serves to distance you from your allies. Ostracizing causes introspection and fear because we perceive exclusion from others in our peer group as being as harmful for our survival as something that can physically hurt us. Plus it is intentionally degrading. Maybe we are not cool enough or smart enough for the A group invitation. God forbid—even an embarrassment. Deliberate exclusion is a smart but cruel manipulative technique…” As with other forms of bullying, it is the willingness of others who follow the lead of the bully or bullies who instigate excluding any target that makes being socially ostracized so effectively painful. Others who see anyone as being the outcast start avoiding that individual like the plague. Suddenly, people you once called friends no longer have a place for you at their table. They walk by you without making eye contact or acknowledging your presence. The fear of being targeted themselves along with the fear of being associated with the person seen as the “outcast” encourages this behavior to grow and continue, which supports the original intimidation strategy initiated by any bully. It can go beyond social rejection too. Exclusion exempts people from job opportunities, community support, and a basic sense of connection that is vital to all human beings of any age. The same dynamic that works to a bully’s advantage in social settings and high schools can just as easily come into play in employment environments as well. Human resource representatives can be just as apt to bow down to the manipulations of the recognized “queen bee” at any job as school officials can be who look the other way when the school bully encourages others to exclude a particular student from group acceptance. Exclusion is an insidious and dangerous form of bullying. Ignoring a bully is consistently the most effective response. Report the bully to the appropriate authority representative. But, if at all possible, avoid engaging directly with the bully. That goes for how to respond to exclusion too. Telling your colleagues you think you are being dropped or voicing your fears will probably have the opposite effect you desire if word gets back to the bully. Protect yourself. Be careful who you trust and choose to confide in during such a state of vulnerability. Remember, the people you are seeking support from will also probably start avoiding you too out of self-preservation in a competitive world. It’s very much like a domino effect. This can potentially increase your sense of isolation instead of building the support that can empower you against exclusion. Don’t play into the bully’s hands by not turning up to meetings or avoiding social situations that you are invited to. It will give ample reason to exclude you from those important events that might hold the key to your future career, and just serve to isolate you more. Be careful about exposing your distress about your situation to the wrong people – or even the “right” people who report it back to the wrong person (namely the bully). However you can, get the facts about what is going on as soon as possible before you’re so far out of the know that the door closes behind you. But always remember, bullies are imaginative and have been known to make up events to cause deliberate confusion and embarrassment. Their modus operandi is to paint you in an unfavorable light often by twisting facts and manipulating public opinion about you. Group dynamics change constantly. So, stay positively involved and keep focused on your objectives. Keep striving to achieve them. The best way to beat a bully is to maintain that unique quality that makes you inimitable. Bullies hate that almost as much as being ignored. Social rejection is probably the most dangerous psychological condition when it is experienced long-term, both for the individual and for society. It often results in antisocial personalities, a loss of empathy towards peers, and places an individual under extreme psychological duress. In the worst case scenario, social outcasts may band together and begin to form dangerous ways of thinking about their place or role in society. One of the Columbine killers specifically mentioned the pain he felt from peer exclusion as a motive for the deadly attack. The need for early intervention when grouping and exclusion takes place is clearly of vital importance Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Nerve pain and neuralgia Nerve pain and neuralgia are both unpleasant and painful disorders caused by dysfunctional nerves. In general, nerve pain is divided into a nagging, chronic pain while neuralgia is a more shooting and fierce pain characterized by stabbing pains. But these terms are interchangeable. Neuropathic pain is a third term that’s also used to describe a nerve pain and neuralgia. Nerve pain as a result of vitamin B deficiency For more than a century, it has been common knowledge that deficiency of certain vitamins from the B group causes nerve pain. One of the first disorders connected to this was beriberi. Too little vitamin B1 leads to disturbance in the functioning of the nerves and consequently to neuropathy and nerve pain. When adding vitamin B1, the pain decreases and the nerve function improves. That is why vitamin B1 is included in PeaPlex; together with palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), this provides optimal support to the functioning of the nerves, prevents nerve pain or worsening pains. Recent studies have taught us that many people with chronic pain, elderly people and diabetic patients have an inadequate amount of these vitamins in their blood. That is one of the reasons that these people cannot be treated only with painkillers; they need more than that. That is why the Russell Science Group has invested efforts that led to a new preparation: PeaPlex. Additional unpleasant symptoms from vitamin B deficiency Deficiency of vitamins from the B group not only causes nerve pain, but also increases it. Additional unpleasant symptoms could also occur, such as a wobbly gait, tingling and stinging of the hands and feet, a feeling as if one is walking on barbed wire or cotton wool or even numbness of the hands and feet. If a person suffers from numbness and a great deal of pain, doctors refer to this as ‘anaesthesia dolorosa’, painful numbness. This is somewhat contradictory at first glance, but it is appropriate, and it is extremely bothersome if you suffer from it. Illustration: Nerve pain, swelling and pain and palmitoylethanolamide In the case of nerve pain causes by a pinched nerve, a chronic inflammation develops, including swelling, and the body consequently produces less palmitoylethanolamide in the painful tissues. PeaPlex supports the nervous system by means of an optimal mix of palmitoylethanolamide and vitamins from the B group. Nerve pain caused by other vitamins from the B group Deficiency of other vitamins from the B group or vitamin B complex - as a mixture of vitamins from the B group is called - could also cause disturbances in the nerve activities and thus cause nerve pain. This always occurs because these vitamins support the nerve activities in a very special way, just as they support and reinforce our defence or immune system. That is why combining the natural balancing molecule PEA with specially selected doses of B vitamins is an exceptionally successful concept, if we want to support both the nervous and immune systems. Using PeaPlex against nerve pain Because we know that nerve pain might be caused by a deficiency of certain B vitamins, we know that adding these vitamins improves nerve function and reduces pain. By physiologically providing the body with both palmitoylethanolamide and certain vitamins from the B group, we are able to achieve a special biological synergy. That is why we can state that PeaPlex optimally supports the functions of the nervous and immune systems. PeaPlex: based a special formula, supports the nervous and immune systems in cases of nerve pain. Illustration of a hand: Nerve pain can also occur in the hand, for example in the case of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In CTS, the nerve is pinched due to confined space, causing tingling, stinging and nerve pain in the hand and sometimes also in the arm. The patented PeaPlex formula contains a special, scientific composition of PEA together with a number of vitamins from the B group that are specially selected and in specific doses, creating a unique and supportive synergy for the nerve. Moreover, PeaPlex is also prepared in a unique way according to a newly patented process. That is why every capsule contains a special mix of very finely distributed PEA particles together with vitamin B particles. These very finely distributed PEA particles are utmost minute. Because the capsules are filled with particles in this unique composition (reduced in size, micronized and ultra-micronized), the effectiveness of the PEA product becomes even more optimal. Micronized and ultra-micronized particles are extremely small and are therefore capable of optimizing the effectiveness of a PEA preparation. That is why PeaPlex is rightfully described as an improved and more effective form of PEA. Both the fine distribution and the specially selected vitamins from the B group is your guarantee.
Monday, January 21, 2008 Life After People: Another History Channel speculation On Monday, Jan. 21, 2008, The History Channel aired its highly promoted documentary "Life After People," link here. The film supposes that one day, at some precise point in time, all humans on Earth simply vanish. It traces in increments in time the decay of the remnants of civilization to the point in some hundreds of years most of the vestiges of civilizations have crumbled. The same thing has happened with ancient civilizations of the past. Most of what the Maya built crumbled in a thousand years. In fact, the ultimate destruction by nature of remnants supports speculations that extra-terrestrials could have built early civilizations or seeded ours and then disappeared. (The upcoming movie 10000 BC, according to previews, shows a civilization that is surprisingly sophisticated.) There is a period of time when highrise cities are grown over and some animals fare particularly well, such as descendants of house cats. A few monuments of civilization, like the Pyramids in Egypt and the Great Wall of China, last for millennia. The filmmakers obviously invested a lot in CGI affects to show the gradual deterioration of physical infrastructure, which in time becomes quite overwhelming. Of course, there is no way people could simply disappear without most other higher animals going, too. A gamma ray burst would take some weeks to kill everyone, but would kill most animals. The same is true of most other extinction scenarios, like a massive asteroid or comet hit, or even a significant black hole (however unlikely), or the effect of a nuclear winter. The film speculates at the end whether radio signals would reach a distant civilization, but they disintegrate into noise in about a light year. Future intelligences that replace us might not develop a reflective culture with language like we did. Consider the dolphins. The film seems like an appropriate broadcast the same weekend that "Cloverfield" opened. In fact, clover is one of the grasses most likely to infiltrate urban areas immediately after people are gone. 1 comment: Fridgepants said... As I was watching the special I presumed that there was some sort of disease that wiped out humans only, sparing plant and animal life. It's an easier explanation than most other catastrophes. However, the point of the special was to examine how the world would adapt if humans ceased to exist. As they said, the point wasn't how homo sapiens died, but rather, what happens afterwards.
Friday, January 05, 2007 Acts - The Beginning of the Catholic Church Typically, the sentiment amoung many Christians seems to be that the early Church had no structure and certainly no hierarchy (God forbid). Some even contend that Christ came to preach against hierarchy and authority and religious structure. There seems to be many (especially amoung teenagers) who even think that Christ was against organized religion. (I'd be curious to know why He organized one if so)... However, a quick reading of the book of Acts will dismiss any of those fantasies one might have. Home Churches It's not hard to see where some of these notions came from though. They sometimes did meet in homes. That implies a much more casual atmosphere than say a church or synagogue. But it does not logically follow that since they met in homes (sometimes) they had no authoritative structure. Furthermore, there aren't but a few mentionings of homes being used as meeting places for Churches so it is not necessarily the case that they were always (or even usually) in homes for very long. Finally, they were in houses to begin with out of necessity. They couldn't exactly build Churches overnight especially when it was often a crime to be seen or heard preaching in the name of Jesus. Jewish Origins & The Wrath of God Today, the Jewish origins of Christianity seem to be largely forgotten. Reading Acts, the Judaic elements in the early Church are very strong. Paul takes Timothy and circumsises him. We also begin to realize that while yes Christ revealed God as 'our Father', we can see He is still the same God of Abraham and Isaac. Yes He is the God of boundless mercy which the prophets understood and wrote about, but He is also the God of justice and of power. His sword is still swift and terrible, just ask Ananias. Women in the Early Church Another thing Ive noticed while going through the Acts again recently is the significant number of women involved in the accounts and their roles which they played. It is important for non-Christians and those Christians who have deviated from orthodox Christianity and are ordaining women to realize that the Church never has precluded women from ministry or demeaned their role. In fact, Christianity has raised women up to a much greater role than any other major religion. It's especially hard to miss their role in the early Church as not only equal members of the Body of Christ but also as teachers(1). However, it is important to distinguish a teaching role from the role of a priest. Council of Jerusalem Catholics love history since it is on their side. What we know from indisputable history is that the Church has always been on the same side theologically as the Catholic Church is today. Case in point - sola scriptura & the council of Jerusalem. When the early Christians had disagreements, what did they do? Pull out their pocket bibles and start arguing their own opinions while quoting Scripture? (Nevermind the fact that bibles as we know them didnt even exist until about 1400 years later).. No. They went to the bishops & priests (which at this time were the originals - the apostles). When the significant issues regarding the conversion of gentiles and their keeping of the law arose, the great council of Jerusalem was held. In this council we have two things clearly taught. Although much of Christianity has now rejected part of the council's holy and infallible declarations (if you don't believe me just have a group of Christians over for steak), we have learned that the authority of the Church is binding and the 'pillar and foundation of the truth' as St. Paul correctly said by the Holy Spirit(2). In this infallible book of Acts we also see St. Peter speaking as the authoritative head of the Church by the power of the Holy Spirit and acting as the first pope (which he was). There was much debate on the subject and it apparently would not have been settled short of the Holy Spirit's intervention. Thanks be to God that the Church has the pope who can act as the authoritative head of the Church. Thanks be to God that we are not all "our own popes" as Martin Luther mistakenly asserted. I cannot stress how significant the council of Jerusalem was. But to anyone who it was not already plainly obvious that the early Church relied on oral tradition and the living words of the apostles and the hierarchy of the visible Church as authority rather than Scripture alone, this further piece of irrefutable evidence is unlikely to do any good. It's not that they didn't view Scripture as authoritative, they most certainly did and we still do of course. But we Catholics then and now profess that the Church authoritatively interprets the Scripture not me individually. So it's significant to recognize that at Antioch, even though they had the blessed St. Paul and St. Barnabas right there in their midst, when this dispute arose, they went immediately to the Church and not to the Scriptures. What's even more important to notice... they didn't schism! Many outside of the graces of orthodox Christianity are strongly suspicious and antagonistic towards relics and icons. Specifically on the topic of relics, we see in Acts that the earliest Church did indeed make use of relics and holy items and not only that... but they worked!(3) Now if it were the case that these things were of man and evil as the opponents would like us to believe, how is it that God allowed them to work? I am reminded of when Christ asked the teachers of the law and the elders, "John's baptism, was it from heaven or from men?" So to those outside the Church, are relics from heaven or from men? Now the receiving of the Holy Spirit, the seal is also a clear and distinct event from baptism or initial salvation according to Acts(4). We can see this sacrament as maintained by the Church clearly taught although John Calvin reduced the sacraments to only two (but really only one since holy orders were nullified). I had a conversation the other day with a former Catholic who had fallen away and was now a Protestant. I was utterly baffled at her complete lack of understanding about Catholic doctrine. If I throw a rock into a crowd of Protestants, I can sleep well knowing I hit one who understood Catholicism much better than 95% of those who have fallen away from it (or at least that's been my experience). Most Protestants are very ignorant of Catholicism (as I was) and what it teaches. But they at least have some clue as to what's going on. This woman (and she is not an anamoly) was terribly confused and insisted that the Church taught we are saved by receiving confirmation which she also maintained was not Scriptural. I have shown that confirmation is Scriptural and as for being saved, we teach and always have that we are saved by God's grace. Yes confirmation is a step in the process of salvation but it is not the means by which we are saved neither is anyone considered "unsaved" before they receive the seal. Catholics and Protestants also have a different concept of salvation altogether so therein lies some of the confusion. For these and other reasons I believe confidently that the early Church was most certainly Catholic in the modern sense of the word. No, they didnt have confession booths, they didnt pray the Rosary, they didnt view Peter as 'the pope' per se, and they didnt have celibate priests. But they did have hierarchy. They did have authoritative structure visibly by His apostles who spoke by the power of the Holy Spirit and guided the Church into truth. St. Peter did act as the head of the apostles and his overwhelming prominence which was observed throughout the gospel accounts of the life of Christ continues into Acts. The earliest Church was sacramental. They certainly and without question had no concept of sola scriptura. Sola fide is up for debate but it's not likely that anyone believed in this heresy so early being so close to the teachings of Chirst which were strongly anti-'sola fide'. We also know by the writings of St. Justin Martyr that by 150AD (and probably much earlier), the Church was celebrating Mass in EXACTLY the same way as we celebrate in now in 2007AD. Chad said... About being saved at confirmation: It is a common catechetical quip to say: "Since you've been confirmed, now would be a good time to get hit by a bus, because you'd go straight to heaven." My priest said it to me, with a wink. A fallen away catholic told me his bishop told him the same thing 20 years ago. Maybe part of the confusion comes from statements like that, that while true, are somewhat incomplete. TheGodFearinFiddler said... Could be. But if you think about the statements by the priests / bishops, they dont teach us anything about the salvation process and arent intended to. They merely explain that we are in a state of grace having received confirmation and (usually) first communion. Of course this would also be (usually) not long after the sacrament of reconciliation and at any rate you would be expected not to be in a state of mortal sin at the time. So, while there probably isnt really any good time to be hit by a bus... if there was.. just after confirmation would be one of those times. But you could say the same thing about any of the sacraments. Like you said, it is not a complete understanding of salvation to say "we are saved by confirmation". This lady said that the Church teaches that confirmation was the principle and sole means of salvation. Furthermore she said it was entirely unscriptural which was my real beef with what she said. NotMyOpinion30 said... Just a quick shot. The Fathers teach that when St. Paul curcumsized St. Timothy, it was not because he was continuing to follow Jewish law, as he himself makes clear in his epistles regarding curcumcision. Rather, he did so because they were about to go on an evangelization mission to learned and devout Jews. It was done to prevent scandal amongst the Jews they were going to be teaching. Like St. Paul said "to the Jews, I became a Jew, and to the Gentiles, I became a Gentile". All things were done for the glory of Christ. I liked your post alot. Tiber Jumper said... A nice discussion GFF! It's amazing the clarity that one gets once you are willing to look at history with the reformation colored glasses removed! Pilgrimsarbour said... Just as a point of clarification: when Christians had questions about faith and practice, they went to their bishops and priests (apostles). The apostles then never went to the Scriptures in order to discover what they should teach regarding the matter? The Bible indicates that it certainly was their practice in evangelism, especially to the Jews. "Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. And Paul went in, as was his custom, and on three Sabbath days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures, explaining and proving that it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead, and saying, 'This Jesus, whom I proclaim to you, is the Christ.' And some of them were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, as did a great many of the devout Greeks and not a few of the leading women." (Acts 17:1-4) Paul proved and persuaded from the Scriptures (Old Testament, of course). And again, "The brothers immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea, and when they arrived they went into the Jewish synagogue. Now these Jews were more noble than those in Thessalonica; they received the word with all eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see if these things were so. Many of them therefore believed, with not a few Greek women of high standing as well as men." (Acts 17:10-12) It's absolutely true that the Holy Spirit guides His church into all truth. The apostles received that truth directly from the words of Christ during his earthly ministry. He quoted to them constantly from the Old Testament as He ministered to them. They also received instruction directly from Christ after His resurrection while on the road to Emmaus: "And he said to them, 'O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?' And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself." Since the apostles and close associates wrote the New Testament by the Holy Spirit, it bears their official stamp of authority, since they were in direct contact with Jesus, as was Paul while on the road to Damascus. I think your article was quite good and well written as are all your works. However, it may be worth considering whether an unintended impression is left regarding how the apostles (bishops and priests) received their truth. When I read your article, it came across to me as a bit overly mystical in that regard. It was if they always knew at all times how to give answers to the brethren, without "examining the Scriptures daily" like the Berean Jews did. All God's Best, TheGodFearinFiddler said... pilgrim - Thanks for the comments. If I gave the impression that the apostles and Church leaders didnt make extensive use of the Old Testament Scriptures I didnt intend to. You are right in saying that they reasoned from the Scriptures and showed how Jesus was the Christ by the Scriptures. I don't mean to imply at all that the Scriptures werent viewed as authoritative. Christ certainly proved that on a number of occasions. The distinction I wanted to make is this: those at Antioch had a dispute with an apostle (Paul) and another Church leader (Barnabas). But they didnt both get out the bible and argue until they were blue in the face and then schism. They went to the Church. Now we don't have any indication from the text that the council of Jerusalem spent the time in Scripture. Although I think it is a reasonable assumption to say that they made wide use of Scripture in the debate. The main point I wanted to make was that it was the apostles; the Church who interpreted the Scriptures and not the individuals. Even a local priest does not have the authority to have a personal interpretation of Scripture which deviates from Church teaching. But because of the current mindset in Churches, from the time I started this post until now, there have probably be a couple schisms from churches around the world. There are probably more denominations now than there were when I started. That is why to me, this premise is so important. Here is a good article from Michael Joseph posted recently on the subject of sola scriptura. Thanks again for the comments. Anonymous said... Nice discussion boys. I think, as Catholic apologists, in our offense of sola scriptura, we sometimes can give the impression that the Scriptures are less important and that all revelation proceeds out of Rome, bypassing Scripture. Truly Protestants and Catholics together revere and look to the Word of God for answers. But as Michael Joseph on his blog so aptly points out, it all comes down to the issue of authority. It's the famous both/and of Catholicism vs the either/or of Protestantism. Catholics believe both the Bible is the authoritative Word of God and that the Church is ultimately the pillar of truth given the ultimate authority to "rightly divide the word of truth." NotMyOpinion30 said... Good discussion from a good post. It is true that to evagelize to the hard-hearted Jews, who were learned in the Septuagint (Hellenists) and the Hebrew Scriptures, it was important for the Apostles to use Scripture to demonstrate how Christ fit all of the prefigurements and all of the prophecies contained in them. The Jews could not logically disprove Christ as the Messiah without [mis-]interpreting them. But, the manner in which the Apostles came to the knowledge of what was in the Scriptures was, in fact, "mystical". As tax collectors and fishermen, they had much less experience with the Scriptures than many of the people they converted since theology was not their field of expertise (except for Paul, maybe, since he was a Pharisee at one time). Yet it was only by Christ's Spirit that they were given the understanding of the Scriptures, not by consistent study of them. After the Resurrection, when Christ passed through the locked doors in the upper room where the Apostles were hiding, he gave them the knowledge of all things in the Scriptures that pointed to Christ (the Old Testament in its entirety). St. John 20: 19-23, 30 - "Now when it was late that same day, the first of the week, and the doors were shut, where the disciples were gathered together, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said to them: Peace be to you. And when he had said this, he shewed them his hands and his side. The disciples therefore were glad, when they saw the Lord. He said therefore to them again: Peace be to you. As the Father hath sent me, I also send you. When he had said this, he breathed on them; and he said to them: Receive ye the Holy Ghost. Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained (one of the Scriptural references to the Sacrament of Penance and the authority of the Apostles, and their successors to hear confession). Many other signs also did Jesus in the sight of his disciples, which are not written in this book (this last verse demonstrates that not everything Christ taught or showed the Apostles were written down)." St. Luke 24: 36, 44-49 - "Now whilst they were speaking these things, Jesus stood in the midst of them, and saith to them: Peace be to you; it is I, fear not. And he said to them: These are the words which I spoke to you, while I was yet with you, that all things must needs be fulfilled, which are written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me. Then he opened their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures. And he said to them: Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise again from the dead, the third day: And that penance and remission of sins should be preached in his name, unto all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. And you are witnesses of these things. And I send the promise of my Father upon you ("The promise of my Father"... that is, the Holy Ghost, whom Christ had promised that his Father and he would send, John 14. 26, and 17. 7): but stay you in the city till you be endued with power from on high." As you can see, the Apostles were given the knowledge and understanding of the Scriptures, not through studying them intently, but by the grace of the Holy Spirit, given to them directly from the Son of God. They were also given the authority to teach what they had been given. It is well known that the Gospels had not been written until later that century and the New Testament wasn't officially compiled until the 4th and 5th centuries. Most, if not all, of the Epistles were written before the Gospels had been completed and those were instructional letters to Churches that were having some troubles staying true to Apostolic Teaching and falling into heresy. This shows that the Gospels were Apostolic Tradition first, as there were no written accounts of the birth, life, death, and resurrection of Our Lord. It was only by the authority given to the Apostles and the knowledge of the Holy Spirit that the Apostles could extend this Tradition. The Apostles were given the grace to interpret the Old Testament to the Jews, something that they could not do very well since they were not given the same grace. The Apostles didn't do this with the New Testament, they did it through Apostolic Tradition. The Acts of the Apostles also shows us that the Apostles and those that they "ordained" were given the same Authority to interpret the Scriptures and continue to teach the flock according to the Traditions that Christ had given them. Those that they had ordained were also instructed by them. The Apostles passed their knowledge on to them. So, we have in the Gospels and the Acts indicators of the triune Church (Scripture, Tradition, and Magisterium or Teaching Authority) and Apostolic Succession. There is a wealth of pre-Nicene Early Father writings that confirm that this was believed at that time. I specify pre-Nicene because that is before the New Testament was compiled. The most interesting Early Father writing I found, in my opinion, on the interpretation of the Old Testament was the "Dialogue between St. Justin Martyr and the Jew Trypho (early 2nd century)". Clearly, St. Justin did not have his hands on a bible as we know it today. So, how, in the first part of the second century, would he have been able to debate with a Jewish theologian about the prefigurements and prophecies of Christ in the Old Testament if it had not been for Apostolic Tradition? And with the Apostles already many years gone to heaven, how did the Tradition continue to flourish without the bible? He must have been instructed by someone. I find that many modern-day self-proclaimed bible scholars plagiarize from this dialogue (I'm only referring to the so-called scolars who knowingly borrow from these writings and claim the exegesis as their own). I'm not saying it is impossible to be enlightened by reading Scripture. However, the fullness of Scripture cannot be truly understood without Tradition and Magisterium, because it was through Tradition and Magisterium that we have the Scriptures to begin with. The Church teaches, and has always taught, that the three are inseparable. Of course I concede that our Protestant brothers and sisters interpret the Scriptures differently, I only intend to show how the Church interprets them. Pilgrimsarbour said... Good thoughts, one and all. And thank you. Of course, the term "unlearned" is an academic standard, not one which connotes a lack of intelligence. I did not mean to convey the impression that anyone could understand the Scriptures in a salvific way apart from the "mystical" operation of the Holy Spirit. God permits unbelievers to understand quite a bit, but it will never lead to grace without the direct intervention of the Holy Spirit in the life. NotMyOpinion30 said... Hi pilgrimsarbour, You're definitely right. I'm just a computer programmer who can't even calculate simple mathematical equations any longer, so there is no way on earth I could put together two sentences that are grammatically correct or use the correct words. I didn't mean to imply that the Apostles were unintelligent. "Unlearned" definitely would have been a much better word to use. But I know nothing of academics, so how could I know anything about academic standards. :) I also wasn't intending to sound like I was correcting you, I respect your opinion. I just was trying to make a point. I guess what I was trying to say wasn't clear or it was incomplete, which is often a problem I have. I'm no one to even be posting, but the conversation interested me. NotMyOpinion30 said... Forgive me. I forgot to add, God bless you all! Pilgrimsarbour said... Mr. Myagi say: "Nothing to forgive." Your post was excellent. I was afraid I had left the impression that I think that a good hard study of the Bible is the answer to all questions. It is not. Nor would the Reformers think that. They and I agree with you completely that no one can fully understand nor believe the Word of God except the Holy Spirit release the heart and enlighten the mind. And, GFF, I read Michael Joseph's article. Very, very good. I'm going to spend some time at that site too. Blessings to all, Anonymous said... You remind me of an Evolutionist who takes 150 years of thoery and a vocabulary that was built around evolution and then expects a creationist to debate using that same dialogue. The Catholic Church has 1800 years of tradition and a language that is totally distinct from the teaching, concepts and language of the Bible.When I look at a Catholic Catachism I feel like I've gone into the twilight zone. It's so far removed from the language of the bible,it's hard to believe they have a common link.For instance "The Immaculate heart of our blessed mother mary, eucharist,transubstantiation,devotion to the saints,prayers to the saints,purgatory, Papal infallability, Celibacy of the Priest,Sunday worship, Christmas" The list could go on forever. Where did this come from? It wasn't from the Bible.I know you are agaist "solo scripturo" so I guess your not bothered by any of this.It's like once you do away with the Bible as the sole authority then it's whoevers got the loudest voice or the sharpest sword,which,by the way, was well used in the inquisition. Jesus said I am the way the truth and the life ,no man comes to the Father but by me. There is no mention of popes and priest and saints or the mother mary. There is no mention of penance or fasting.You take the Mass and make it into something dark and mysterious ,when all Jesus said was do this in rememberence of me. I've never been to a Catholic service and I'm sure you could point out a lot of good points about the church but it could never outway the obvious conflict with the Bible. Thank you, Jim Tim A. Troutman said... Jim - I responded to you here since this thread is old. beth said... Many, many of the Catholic close friends that I have had over the years knew surprisingly little about the Catholic faith - other than able to tell me "If you are basically a good person - you will go to heaven". Many of the "moms" that I interact with in my community seem to only be Catholic during their childrens confirmation. That is where I see it end again and again. These children are told they must be Catholic and be confirmed - but after that there is no growth - no attendance until their own children - again - must be confirmed and be "raised" in the Catholic church (but I have seen that this statement does not mean attending before or after confirmation.) I do believe that there are many Catholics that believe in the salvation that comes through the death and resurrection of Christ - but most of the Catholic families I have met along my journey - have held on to "a good person will go to heaven". I am thankful to have the Holy Spirit in me - and thankful for this ever present guidance. Tim A. Troutman said... Beth - A good person will go to heaven :) But the problem, as you know, is that none of us are good. You bring up a good point about these nominal Catholics. And there are millions of them unfortunately. But they are not following their own faith. They do not take it seriously and so you shouldn't take them as a serious representation of the Catholic faith. There are also millions of Catholics who are following Christ closely. Thanks for stopping by! ABrotherJohn said... How could you change christianity for mary worshipers and saint worshippers? The evidence of anti christ is heavily upon the catholic church that you must have lost your eyesight. I'm sorry for you, for once to have been a sheep now you have become a goat. Tim A. Troutman said... Hi John, Your statements are mere assertions and accusations. Do you have something substantive to say or are you just interested in bad mouthing the Catholic Church? Anonymous said... When I look at the church as described in the new testiment and what I see in the Catholic church I don't see any resemblance.In the modern church I see a system of rituals and mantra's and legalism.I see hints of pagen ideals and practices mixed in with supposed church tradition.You lift up Christ as the Messiah but to get to Him you have to go through various filters or methods, a few being Mary,the saints,the priest, counting rosary beads,mass,ect. Also I see a history of bloodshed in the name of building the Kingdom of God,that to my knowledge has yet to be repented of.Sure that was long ago but it was still the catholic church and I here things like"the Catholic church has remained the same unlike the protestants who have changed so much through the centuries".Well if they are the same church that slaughtered millions in the inquisitions, does that mean that they are still capable of similar behavior? jimothy said... Was the thief on the cross confirmed? Was the ethiopian eunuch? All I hear in the gospel's is believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and you will be saved. Even baptism isn't required as evidence with the thief on the cross. So why confirmation when it isn't even referred to as essential in a believers conversion experience?
What NOT to do, if you want to sleep well sleep donts.JPG If a good night's sleep is a rare commodity in your life, maybe your night-time routine has a few too many "don'ts". These are seemingly small things most of us do every day, that can sabotage our sleep. The biggest sleep no-no is thinking you can make it work on less. Dr. Christopher Allen, of Covenant's sleep center in Saginaw, says adults need a minimum of 7 hours of sleep, "If you go under that it can also lead to certain disorders or co-morbiditites that will make your health worse. " But quanity of sleep is only as good as the quality of that sleep; and litttle things we do can really interfere with our sleep cycles. "You may not notice that it's actually fragmenting your sleep, because it is happening while you sleep," Allen says, "And the ony way you know about it is when you wake up in the morning and you feel un-refreshed." Screen time is high on the list of "dont's". TV's, cellphones, computers, tablets- are not for bed-time. "Usually you want to have a wind down time about an hour to an hour and a half before. Meaning that the lights will be lower, electronic devices you want to wean away from because, unfortunately, some of that blue light can actually promote you staying awake at night," Allen says. Most of us know that caffeine before bedtime is a bad idea. But, you should actually back off on coffee and other zippy drinks after noon. Dr. Allen says the same goes for alcohol, "Eventhough alcohol can help you fall asleep, it actually fragments your sleep. So you're falling asleep, but it's breaking up the quality sleep that you should be having." No one is suggesting you skip dinner, but don't eat a big meal right before bed. If your system is digesting, it probably isn't resting. Also, don't exercise too close to bed time. While you may think it wears you out, it actually can still interrupt sleep- especially if you follow it up with a nice, hot shower. "Make sure the temperature is not too warm because, again, if you raise your body temperature, that promotes you staying awake." Your bedroom should stay below 70-degrees and be a space that promotes relaxation, as much as possible. Finally, if- no matter how many hours you sleep- you still feel rotten, especially if someone tells you that you snore, you may have sleep apnea, or another disorder. If you do, a sleep expert may be able to help you do something about that.
Sunday, February 7, 2016 Giannandrea, you see, oversees Google’s work in artificial intelligence. This includes deep neural networks, networks of hardware and software that approximate the web of neurons in the human brain. By analyzing vast amounts of digital data, these neural nets can learn all sorts of useful tasks, like identifying photos, recognizing commands spoken into a smartphone, and, as it turns out, responding to Internet search queries. In some cases, they can learn a task so well that they outperform humans. They can do it better. They can do it faster. And they can do it at a much larger scale. This approach, called deep learning, is rapidly reinventing so many of the Internet’s most popular services, from Facebook to Twitter to Skype. Over the past year, it has also reinvented Google Search, where the company generates most of its revenue. Early in 2015, asBloomberg recently reported, Google began rolling out a deep learning system called RankBrain that helps generate responses to search queries. As of October, RankBrain played a role in “a very large fraction” of the millions of queries that go through the search engine with each passing second. As Bloomberg says, it was Singhal who approved the roll-out of RankBrain. And before that, he and his team may have explored other, simpler forms of machine learning. But for a time, some say, he represented a steadfast resistance to the use of machine learning inside Google Search. In the past, Google relied mostly on algorithms that followed a strict set of rules set by humans. The concern—as described by some former Google employees—was that it was more difficult to understand why neural nets behaved the way it did, and more difficult to tweak their behavior. These concerns still hover over the world of machine learning. The truth is that even the experts don’t completely understand how neural nets work. But they do work. If you feed enough photos of a platypus into a neural net, it can learn to identify a platypus. If you show it enough computer malware code, it can learn to recognize a virus. If you give it enough raw language—words or phrases that people might type into a search engine—it can learn to understand search queries and help respond to them. In some cases, it can handle queries better than algorithmic rules hand-coded by human engineers. Artificial intelligence is the future of Google Search, and if it’s the future of Google Search, it’s the future of so much more. This past fall, I sat down with a former Googler who asked that I withhold his name because he wasn’t authorized to talk about the company’s inner workings, and we discussed the role of neural networks inside the company’s search engine. At one point, he said, the Google ads team had adopted neural nets to help target ads, but the “organic search” team was reluctant to use this technology. Indeed, over the years, discussions of this dynamic have popped up every now and again on Quora, the popular question-and-answer site. Edmond Lau, who worked on Google’s search team and is the author of the bookThe Effective Engineer, wrote in a Quora post that Singhal carried a philosophical bias against machine learning. With machine learning, he wrote, the trouble was that “it’s hard to explain and ascertain why a particular search result ranks more highly than another result for a given query.” And, he added: “It’s difficult to directly tweak a machine learning-based system to boost the importance of certain signals over others.” Other ex-Googlers agreed with this characterization. Yes, Google’s search engine was always driven by algorithms that automatically generate a response to each query. But these algorithms amounted to a set of definite rules. Google engineers could readily change and refine these rules. And unlike neural nets, these algorithms didn’t learn on their own. As Lau put it: “Rule-based scoring metrics, while still complex, provide a greater opportunity for engineers to directly tweak weights in specific situations.” But now, Google has incorporated deep learning into its search engine. And with its head of AI taking over search, the company seems to believe this is the way forward. Losing Control It’s true that with neural nets, you lose some control. But you don’t lose all of it, says Chris Nicholson, the founder of the deep learning startup Skymind. Neural networks are really just math—linear algebra—and engineers can certainly trace how the numbers behave inside these multi-layered creations. The trouble is that it’s hard to understand why a neural net classifies a photo or spoken word or snippet of natural language in a certain way. “People understand the linear algebra behind deep learning. But the models it produces are less human-readable. They’re machine-readable,” Nicholson says. “They can retrieve very accurate results, but we can’t always explain, on an individual basis, what led them to those accurate results.” What this means is that, in order to tweak the behavior of these neural nets, you must adjust the math through intuition, trial, and error. You must retrain them on new data, with still more trial and error. That’s doable, but complicated. And as Google moves search to this AI model, it’s unclear how the move will affect its ability to defend its search results against claims of unfairness or change the results in the face of complaints. These concerns aren’t trivial. Today, Google is facing an European anti-trust investigation into whether it unfairly demoted the pages of certain competitors. What happens when it’s really the machines making these decisions, and their rationale is indecipherable? Humans will still guide these machines, but not in the same way they were guided in the past. In any event, deep learning has arrived on Google Search. And the company may have used other forms of machine learning in recent years, as well. Though these technologies sacrifice some control, Google believes, the benefits outweigh that sacrifice. Deep Learnings To be sure, deep learning is still just a part of how Google Search works. According to Bloomberg, RankBrain helps Google deal with about 15 percent of its daily queries—the queries the system hasn’t seen in the past. Basically, this machine learning engine is adept at analyzing the words and phrases that make up a search query and deciding what other words and phrases carry much the same meaning. As a result, it’s better than the old rules-based system when handling brand new queries—queries Google Search has never seen before. But over time, systems like this will play an even greater role inside Internet services like Google Search. At one point, Google ran a test that pitted its search engineers against RankBrain. Both were asked to look at various web pages and predict which would rank highest on a Google search results page. RankBrain was right 80 percent of the time. The engineers were right 70 percent of the time. This doesn’t detract from Singhal’s work. He joined Google in 2000, and a year later was named a Google Fellow, the highest honor Google bestows on its engineers. For most of Google’s history, he has ruled the company’s search engine, and that search engine pretty much ruled the Internet. But machine learning is rapidly changing that landscape. “By building learning systems, we don’t have to write these rules anymore,” John Giannandrea told a room full of reporters inside Google headquarters this fall. “Increasingly, we’re discovering that if we can learn things rather than writing code, we can scale these things much better.” For a great satire on email, please see the following: Good Netiquette And A Green Internet To All! Special Bulletin - My just released book is now on sales at Great Reasons for Purchasing Netiquette IQ · Get more email opens. Improve 100% or more. · Be better understood. · Eliminate indecision. · Avoid being spammed 100% or more. · Have recipient finish reading your email content. · Save time by reducing questions. · Increase your level of clarity. · Improve you time management with your email. · Have quick access to a wealth of relevant email information.
January 2017 Elizabeth Cauffman, Professor of Psychology and Social Behavior, is quoted in Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, explaining why young adults have a range of needs that have to be considered when reforming the youth criminal justice system. Due to a young adult's prematurely developed brain, their needs can drastically vary from person to person From Juvenile Justice Information Exchange: Discussions about tackling the young adult population draw on the fields of adolescent brain science and psychology. Scientists have shown teenagers have less control of their emotions and are more willing to take risks, findings that have propelled the idea that “kids are different” when it comes to their culpability for crime and potential for rehabilitation. “Adolescents just aren’t as good as adults at putting on the brake,” said Elizabeth Cauffman, a professor of psychology and social behavior at the University of California-Irvine.
Tuesday, February 2, 2010 In the last month, I have had two people, one Jew, one Catholic tell me how horrible a man Pope Pius XII was. The Catholic told me that if Pius XII is canonized, he'll leave the Church! The current rewriting of history concerning this "pious" soul is truly astounding and makes one wonder about political and religious agendas at work. There is no doubt in my mind that Christians since day one have harbored anti-Semitic prejudice that has led to the great suffering of Jews. The Holocaust and Christian complicity in it must be examined and if Christianity in any way had any thing to do with how Jews have been mistreated and murdered, then there must be repentance and yes, justice. However, it is also possible that there is anti-Catholicism at work with the current campaign to malign Pope Pius XII. After all, anti-Catholicism is the last acceptable prejudice in our current culture. Hopefully, though, this anti-Catholicism will not lead to the types of things that Jews experienced through anti-Semitic prejudice.But you never know how the wind will shift! The following article is noteworthy: Much-maligned pontiff By Dimitri Cavalli Tags: Israel news Some things never go away. The controversy over Pope Pius XII's actions during World War II was recently reignited when Pope Benedict XVI signed a decree affirming that his predecessor displayed "heroic virtues" during his lifetime. When the pope visited the Great Synagogue of Rome on Sunday, Riccardo Pacifici, president of Rome's Jewish community, told him: "The silence of Pius XII before the Shoah still hurts because something should have been done." During the war, the pope was far from silent: In numerous speeches and encyclicals, he championed human rights for all people and called on the belligerent nations to respect the rights of all civilians and prisoners of war. Unlike many of the pope's latter-day detractors, the Nazis understood him very well. After studying Pius XII's 1942 Christmas message, the Reich Central Security Office concluded: "In a manner never known before the pope has repudiated the National Socialist New European Order ... Here he is virtually accusing the German people of injustice toward the Jews and makes himself the mouthpiece of the Jewish war criminals." (Pick up any book that criticizes Pius XII, and you won't find any mention of this important report.) In early 1940, the pope acted as an intermediary between a group of German generals who wanted to overthrow Hitler and the British government. Although the conspiracy never went forward, Pius XII kept in close contact with the German resistance and heard about two other plots against Hitler. In the fall of 1941, through diplomatic channels, the pope agreed with Franklin Delano Roosevelt that America's Catholics could support the president's plans to extend military aid to the Soviet Union after it was invaded by the Nazis. On behalf of the Vatican, John T. McNicholas, the archbishop of Cincinnati, Ohio, delivered a well-publicized address that explained that the extension of assistance to the Soviets could be morally justified because it helped the Russian people, who were the innocent victims of German aggression. The campaign against Pope Pius XII is doomed to failure because his detractors cannot sustain their main charges against him - that he was silent, pro-Nazi, and did little or nothing to help the Jews - with evidence. Perhaps only in a backward world such as ours would the one man who did more than any other wartime leader to help Jews and other Nazi victims, receive the greatest condemnation. Dimitri Cavalli is an editor and writer in New York City. He is working on books on both Pope Pius XII and Joe McCarthy, the late manager of the New York Yankees. Gabriel Wilensky said... Pope Benedict claims the “The Apostolic See itself provided assistance, often in a hidden and discreet way” during the Holocaust. How does he know this? Is there any evidence he has access to the rest of the world doesn’t? If so, given the controversy surrounding the role of the Vatican and of Pope Pius XII during the murder of six million Jews, the last and most devastating step in a long history of antisemitism fostered by the Church for centuries, it behooves the Church to release any information as soon as possible. Yet, about 50 years ago when the controversy about Pope Pius began the Holy See released eleven volumes of documents with the purpose of “exonerating” the wartime pope from any wrongdoing, including that of inaction. It stands to reason these must have been the best documents showing the Vatican’s “hidden and discreet” work to save Jews. Yet, almost none of it showed the Holy See or the pope had done that. The Vatican’s public efforts are of course well-known, and they show no clear action on behalf of the hounded Jews of Europe, including those of Rome. Now Pope Benedict wants to raise Pope Pius to the sainthood for his “heroic virtues”. Even though it’s the Church’s prerogative to canonize whoever they wish, canonizing Pope Pius XII before the Vatican Secret Archives covering the WWII period are opened to independent researchers is a misguided effort that can turn into a public relations disaster for the Catholic Church. Gabriel Wilensky Six Million Crucifixions: How Christian Teachings About Jews Paved the Road to the Holocaust Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/sixmillionbook Robert Kumpel said... I cannot speak for the entire Catholic Church, but it seems that our previous pope, John Paul II, has apologized all over himself for every shortcoming committed by persons within the Church, including mistreatment of Jews. As a product of the Catholic schools, the first few years of which were "pre-Vatican II" I cannot recall any priest, nun or lay teacher feeding us negative information or opinions about the Jews. Quite the opposite, the biggest sin that was always pinned on Hitler was his treatment of the Jewish race. We were taught that the Jews were God's chosen people. Because of the nature of my father's business, I grew up around a lot of Jewish people and I was (and am) very comfortable with them. I certainly cannot remember an anti-semitic remark ever coming from my parents' lips. Again, quite the opposite, my father often praised some of his Jewish associates for having more integrity than many of the Catholics that he knew. And the Jewish people I knew? I cannot recall ever hearing them complain about the Catholic Church's complicity in the Holocaust. Of course, this is just my testimony, easily dismissed as anecdotal at best. So, I'm probably wasting my time when I suggest reading The Myth of Hitler's Pope by Rabbi David Dalin, a book that strongly refutes this tired canard about Pius XII. I have no doubt that his detractors can explain away Dalin's arguments. It's also probably pointless to remind readers of the conversion of Rome's Chief Rabbi, Israel Zolli, who converted to the Catholic Church after the war and took Pope Pius' first name, Eugene, as his own. No, I'll just remind Mr. Wilensky and the other readers that successful public relations are critical for secular organizations, but is not the primary concern of the Catholic Church. I'll also apologize once again to Mr. Wilensky and others who share his conviction on behalf of the shortcomings of the Catholic Church. I hope one day you will find it in your heart to forgive us and our Church. Finally, I ask, if the eventual opening of the Vatican's secret archives ever prove, to your satisfaction, that Pius XII was not complicit with Hitler, will YOU apologize to the Church? I'm not holding my breath. Frajm said... From Fr. Allan McDonald: I am no expert on Pope Pius XII and therefore cannot defend or accuse him. It does strike me odd though, that Mr. Wilensky, while rightly decrying anti-Semitic sentiment of many Christians, but also atheists and godless secularist such as Adolph Hitler in the murder of over six million Jews never mentions the six million others who were slaughtered for their ethnic origin or mental and physical disabilities or sexual orientation. Most of these six million others were Christians, Catholic, Orthodox and Protestants. Why would Pope Pius XII be silent about them? Was he anti-Christian? Or did he really have an antipathy toward human suffering and murder no matter who? These are the questions that I fee are answered by the author of the article I pasted on the blog. Mr.Cavalli seems to answer in a positive light what Pius XII actually did. The author also acknowledges the other six million who died, whom we should never forget either! From the author's last sentence: Dimitri Cavalli Robert Kumpel said... One more thing, Mr. Wilensky: I just noticed you are a resident of my home town, San Diego. Having grown up there, I can confidently say that except for a few fringe nutcases living in the "boonies", I cannot recall any anti-semitic strongholds in our beloved city. On several occasions, I had the privilege of seeing and hearing Morris Casuto, President of San Diego's Anti-Defamation League, speak and I even had a chance to interview him once for a story I had published in The Reader. You might be surprised (as I was when I interviewed him) to find that when he was a child, even though he was Jewish, he sang in a choir at a Catholic Church. I guess no one had taught him to hate Pope Pius XII. Henry Edwards said... Wow! For a big-time understatement, Fr. McDonald, you will never top this one, however this fine blog endures.
Template:Infobox BattlesThe Battle of Guandu was one of the most famous battles of the Three Kingdoms era. It was fought between the forces of Cao Cao against the forces of Yuan Shao. The battle took place near the Yellow River. In 200 A.D. Cao Cao raided the poorly defended Wuchao, which was guarded by Chunyu Qiong, Han Juzhi and Sui Yuanjin and scored a major victory against Yuan Shao and took his full territory, which was the first establishment of Cao Wei. The BattleEdit Fact vs. Fiction • Historically, Gao Lan only appears in Sanguo Yanyi, thus does not appear in The Battle of Guandu. Ad blocker interference detected!
Study your flashcards anywhere! Download the official Cram app for free > • Shuffle Toggle On Toggle Off • Alphabetize Toggle On Toggle Off • Front First Toggle On Toggle Off • Both Sides Toggle On Toggle Off • Read Toggle On Toggle Off How to study your flashcards. H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key A key: Read text to speech.a key Play button Play button Click to flip 19 Cards in this Set • Front • Back What are the four types of radioactive dating: Rubidium-Strontium (Rb-Sr) Potassium-Argon (K-40 to Ar-40) Uranium-Lead (U-238 to Pb-206) Radiocarbon to Carbon (C-14 to C-12) Describe carbon dating It is radiocarbon to carbon, it's half-life is 5,700 years, it is used to date organic things, often things during the Ice Age, but you can't use it for inorganic rocks. Describe uranium dating. It is uranium-238 to lead-206, it's half-life is 4.6 billion years, it can date rocks with uranium, but it is only used for rocks that are very old. Describe Rubidium dating. It goes from Rb to Sr, it's half-life is 49 billion years, the rocks have to be extremely old. Descride Potassium dating It goes from K-40 to Ar-40, it's half-life is 1.3 billion years, it can can date almost any rock of almost any age, as long as the rock has potassium (almost all rocks have potassium) If a rock is organic, which radioactive dating method should you use? Use the carbon-14 to carbon-12 method. What is the difference between absolute time and relative time. Absolute time is the actual time something was formed, it uses years. Relative time is whether something is older/younger than something else, it does not use years. What is uniformitarianism and who came up with it? James Hutton, one of the fathers of geology came up with it. It states that "the present is the key to the past". Basically, that means that we can assume that what happens now happened before. So, if a volcano cools and turns into basalt, we can assume that if we find basalt it was probably a volcano. How do you find the absolute time of rocks? radioactive dating What is radioactivity/how does it work? Isotopes, which have an irregular number number of neutrons, change because they feel different. They change into a new atom, and while they change, they give off energy. They change at a constant rate, never changing due to heat or pressure. A parent element changes to a daughter element. State the different principals Superposition, Cross-cutting, embedded fragments What principal would you use if you had pieces of a rock in another rock You would use the principal of embedded fragments, because the rock with pieces of the other rock must be younger, because the other rock had to be there first in order for there to be pieces of it in the other rock. What principal would you use if you had rock layers on top of each other. You would use the principal of superposition, saying that the upper layers are younger than the lower layers. What principal would you use if you had a fault going through layers of rock? You would use the principal of cross-cutting relationships, which states that a cut in the earth is younger than the rocks it cuts. What is an unconformity? An unconformity is a "break in history", where you don't know what happened, but you know that something happened. What are the types of unconformities? Nonconformity, Angular unconformity, Disconformity What is a nonconformity? A nonconformity is when there are unstratified rock layers, some of it erodes, and then stratified rock forms above it. What in an angular unconformity? An angular unconformity is when there are tilted layers of rock, they get eroded, and then horizontal layers of rock get deposited. What is a disconformity? A disconformity is when there are stratified layers, they get eroded, and then more stratified layers get deposited.
Comparison of Liquid Fertilizers Liquid fertilizers are any "fertilizers wholly or partially in solution that can be handled as a liquid," according to the Fertilizer Manual put forth by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, International Fertilizer Development Center. In some cases, this refers to fertilizers sold in dry form, but which are meant to be suspended in water before being applied. Their chief advantage over dry fertilizer is the ability to measure and apply them accurately. Kelp, fish and other aquatic life emulsions are common liquid organic fertilizers, valued for their high nutrient and microbiotic activity. Their macronutrient count tends to fluctuate, but is generally very low. Organic sprays based on animal manure or urine are higher in macronutrients and are more often used in the agricultural industry for crops. Organic liquid fertilizers are considered slow-release, nonburning fertilizers. Compost Tea While compost is widely regarded as one of the most useful and nutrient-diverse amendments you can provide for your plants, its liquid counterpart, compost tea, is just as useful. Compost tea has been used as a foliar feed (for the plants that benefit from it), a supplemental fertilizer, and part of integrated pest management programs to reduce or suppress plant diseases. Single Macronutrient Some of the first chemical liquid fertilizers were nitrogen-based, and to this day consist of ammonia, ammonium nitrate and urea. Phosphorus liquid fertilizers are primarily phosphoric acid, while potassium fertilizers are a solution of potassium chloride. Single-macronutrient fertilizers are made to address a single deficiency in the nutrients that soil provides. Because they are so specialized, they may need to be specially formulated to mix with other macronutrient fertilizer sprays. Multiple Macronutrient It is far more common to find chemical liquid fertilizers with more than one macronutrient in their guaranteed analysis. Like their dry fertilizer counterparts, these liquid fertilizers are specially formulated for a specific plant, a specific application time, or both. Applying these types of fertilizers without knowing the nutrient content of the soil can lead to a waste of fertilizer, nutrient toxicity in the soil and pollution. Quick-release fertilizers can burn the foliage of a plant, even if the fertilizer is in liquid form. Always apply per package directions, and err on the side of too little rather than too much. Insufficient fertilizer won't hurt your plants, while excess fertilizer will. You can reapply fertilizer later if a soil test shows low nutrient counts in the soil. Keywords: liquid fertilizer, organic liquid fertilizer, compost tea, chemical liquid fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, applying fertilizer About this Author
Project Description The primary incentive for this project is the development of a versatile type of mechanical force sensor for applications in haptics and robotics. Nearly all sensors to date can be categorized into two types. One measures direction and magnitude of force at a single point, but cannot measure its distribution. The other measures the distribution of the magnitude of force, but cannot measure its direction. The force sensor we have developed integrates these two types to measure the distribution of force vectors, with both magnitude and direction. The sensor consists of a transparent elastic body, and two layers of colored markers within the body. When a force is applied on the body's surface, we optically measure the internal strain of the body through the movement of the markers. Finally, force vectors are calculated from the strain using elastic theory. figure1: structure of GelForce figure2: movement of the markers
Posted by: hyacinthus \| October 25, 2007 Why Crab Shell? Ever wonder why Chinese would put crab shell on pomegranate tree (which sounds like “sia liu” in Hokkien)? According to what I understood – so that it would flower! True or not? I don’t know. But, I see some Chinese would use pomegranate branches soaked in a basin of water and put it outside their house if someone in their family goes to attend other people’s funeral. Why so? To “clean away” anything unlucky with the water before entering the house. 1. So that the calcium will help the tree grow stronger… that was what I heard. 2. hmm… calcium from crab? stronger branches? Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
Chemtrail Win? EPA Says Planes Hurt People Support more videos like this at! Sorta transcript: The EPA has announced that jet exhaust endangers the health of humans and of the planet as a whole. Oh god, everyone get your spray bottles of vinegar because chemtrails are real! You can tell they’re real because articles about this story are helpfully illustrated with photos of airplane chemtrails, or “contrails” as they are known amongst non-conspiracy theorists. For those who haven’t watched my previous videos on this subject, “contrails” are those white lines you sometimes see in the sky after an airplane flies over. It’s short for “condensation trails” and is the result of water vapor from the engine. “Chemtrails” are the name given to contrails by people who think those lines are proof the government is dropping chemicals into the atmosphere to poison and possibly mind control civilians. So now the EPA is saying that airplanes ARE poisoning us, so are chemtrails real? No. Here’s what’s going on: planes, just like cars and trucks and boats and trains, emit greenhouse gases all the time, invisibly. Contrails only show up when the conditions are right for the water vapor to freeze. Think of it this way: every day, including right this very instant, YOU are emitting greenhouse gases. Just by breathing! Every time you inhale, you take in about .04% carbon dioxide. When you exhale, you release 4-5%, so about 100 times more. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. This happens all day, every day, but you don’t see it happening. When it’s very cold out, your damp, warm breath creates a cloud of condensation. When it’s -40 degrees or colder (Fahrenheit or Celsius, as at that point it doesn’t matter), your condensation breath will freeze and hang in the air, exactly like contrails do. Just like an airplane, you’re pumping out greenhouse gases all the time, but it only shows up sometimes. That doesn’t mean that on very cold days, the government is using you to release mind control chemicals on those around you. Ultimately, it’s good that the EPA is cracking down on these emissions, but it’s worth noting that air travel is responsible for only about 2% of greenhouse gas emissions. To really have an impact, the US government could build the infrastructure necessary to allow high speed trains to carry more people, since trains have the lowest emissions of all our current transportation options. Or, the EPA could encourage everyone to consume less, since 21% of emissions come from the production of material goods and another 9% come from agriculture. I guess that’s one of the benefits of living in an age where we’re screwing up the planet in dozens of different ways — we have plenty of options for how we’d like to start to screw it up less. Rebecca Watson Rebecca Watson Previous post It's the Skepchick Sundaylies! Cosmetic Chemistry, Treating Depression While Pregnant, and more! Next post Quickies: South Korea's "Gamergate," Scientology in Taiwan, and Men's Inherent Distrust of Women 1 Comment 1. July 31, 2016 at 5:13 pm — Interesting, while watching QI, there was a question about the (unpronounceable) volcano eruption, in Iceland. They detailed the amount of ash/carbon released into the air. They then detailed the amount of carbon that had not been released into the air, during the time that flights had been grounded all over Europe. The latter was a multiple of the former. Why would we be surprised that the EPA says that jet fuel emissions are dangerous? Leave a reply
Skip to main content One of the most common causes of knee pain and loss of mobility is the wearing away of the joint’s cartilage lining. When this happens, the bones rub against each other, causing significant pain and swelling—a condition known as osteoarthritis. (Trauma or direct injury to the knee can also cause osteoarthritis.) In addition, without cartilage there is no shock absorption between the bones in the joint, which allows stress to build up in the bones and contributes to pain.
Cat fleas Cat Fleas Adults cat fleas are about 1/8″ (2.5mm) long. The body is flat laterally from side to side and has not wings. Cat fleas are dark brown or black or red when full of blood. Fleas can jump about 6″ vertically so they can easy hitch rides on legs and bodies of cats and kittens as well as humans. Adults will begin to seek blood after the second day of birth but can live several months from the fat stored on their body. Cat fleas may transmit plague, and has very strong evidence that they may transmit typhus. Females lay 4-8 eggs after each blood meal, which means females can lay over 400-500 eggs during their lifetime.
26 October 2002 It’s only the really big asteroid impacts that are a threat to life on Earth MOST huge asteroids would not wipe out swathes of life on Earth, if two large impacts are anything to go by. While the dinosaurs were wiped out by a devastating asteroid impact 65 million years ago, two other massive asteroids which struck the Earth millions of years later had no discernible effect on the mammals living in North America at the time. The two asteroids struck in the late Eocene, about 35.5 million years ago. While each delivered only about a quarter as much energy as the deadly Chicxulub asteroid that gouged a 180-kilometre crater out of the Yucatan coast off Mexico, they were still huge impacts. One left a 90-kilometre crater at Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and the other a 100-kilometre crater at Popigai in Russia. That suggests asteroids do not gradually increase their killing power with size. Instead, only the largest asteroids, whose size exceeds a critical threshold, are capable of causing widespread extinctions, says Linda Ivany of Syracuse University in New York state. The discovery came out of a study by John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara. Alroy collected data on the origin and extinction of North American mammals during the late Eocene. He broke the data down into million-year intervals, and tried to match them to asteroid impacts during the same time frames. On average, asteroids that left craters larger than 1 kilometre wide struck during every other interval. Yet he found that none of the large extinctions of mammals coincided with any of the biggest impacts. While the Chicxulub asteroid is known to have wiped out the dinosaurs, sparking the rapid To continue reading this premium article, subscribe for unlimited access. Quarterly by Direct Debit Inclusive of applicable taxes (VAT)
Learn More Following exposure to salinity, the root/shoot ratio is increased (an important adaptive response) due to the rapid inhibition of shoot growth (which limits plant productivity) while root growth is maintained. Both processes may be regulated by changes in plant hormone concentrations. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Moneymaker) were cultivated(More) Tomato crop productivity under salinity can be improved by grafting cultivars onto salt-tolerant wild relatives, thus mediating the supply of root-derived ionic and hormonal factors that regulate leaf area and senescence. A tomato cultivar was grafted onto rootstocks from a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a Solanum lycopersicum x(More) Salinity limits crop productivity, in part by decreasing shoot concentrations of the growth-promoting and senescence-delaying hormones cytokinins. Since constitutive cytokinin overproduction may have pleiotropic effects on plant development, two approaches assessed whether specific root-localized transgenic IPT (a key enzyme for cytokinin biosynthesis) gene(More) Full understanding of mechanisms that control seed dormancy and germination remains elusive. Whereas it has been proposed that translational control plays a predominant role in germination, other studies suggest the importance of specific gene expression patterns in imbibed seeds. Transgenic plants were developed to permit conditional expression of a gene(More) Securing food production for the growing population will require closing the gap between potential crop productivity under optimal conditions and the yield captured by farmers under a changing environment, which is termed agronomical stability. Drought and salinity are major environmental factors contributing to the yield gap ultimately by inducing(More) Seeds provide food, feed, fiber and fuel. They are also an important delivery system of genetic information, which is essential for the survival of wild species in ecosystems and the production of agricultural crops. In this review, seed traits and genes that are potentially important for agricultural applications are discussed. Over the long period of crop(More) Since plant root systems capture both water and nutrients essential for the formation of crop yield, there has been renewed biotechnological focus on root system improvement. Although water and nutrient uptake can be facilitated by membrane proteins known as aquaporins and nutrient transporters, respectively, there is a little evidence that root-localised(More) Grafting desirable crop varieties on stress-tolerant rootstocks provides an opportunity to increase crop salt tolerance. Here, a commercial hybrid tomato variety was grafted on two populations of recombinant inbred lines developed from a salt-sensitive genotype of Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, as female parent, and two salt-tolerant lines, as male(More) While much recent science has focused on understanding and exploiting root traits as new opportunities for crop improvement, the use of rootstocks has enhanced productivity of woody perennial crops for centuries. Grafting of vegetable crops has developed very quickly in the last 50 years, mainly to induce shoot vigour and to overcome soil-borne diseases in(More)
David Krieger. Photo by Phil Channing. Required Reading for Assuring the Future January 7, 2008 Diverse Coalition Launches Campaign to Stop US Nuclear Deal with India January 15, 2008 Show all Ronald Reagan: A Nuclear Abolitionist David Krieger. Photo by Phil Channing. David Krieger With the USS Ronald Reagan in Santa Barbara, it is worth reflecting on Ronald Reagan’s legacy with regard to nuclear weapons. According to his wife, Nancy, “Ronnie had many hopes for the future, and none were more important to America and to mankind than the effort to create a world free of nuclear weapons.” President Reagan was a nuclear abolitionist. He believed that the only reason to have nuclear weapons was to prevent the then Soviet Union from using theirs. Understanding this, he argued in his 1984 State of the Union Address, “A nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. The only value in our two nations possessing nuclear weapons is to make sure they will never be used. But then would it not be better to do away with them entirely?” Ronald Reagan regarded nuclear weapons, according to Nancy, as “totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly destructive of life on earth and civilization.” In 1986, President Reagan and Secretary General Gorbachev met for a summit in Reykjavik, Iceland. In a remarkable quirk of history, the two men shared a vision of a world free of nuclear weapons. Despite the concerns of their aides, they came close to achieving agreement on this most important of issues. The sticking point was that President Reagan saw his Strategic Defense Initiative (missile defenses) as being essential to the plan, and Gorbachev couldn’t accept this (even though Reagan promised to share the US missile defense system with the then Soviet Union). Gorbachev wanted missile defense development to be restricted to the laboratory for ten years. Reagan couldn’t accept this. The two leaders came heartbreakingly close to ending the era of nuclear weapons, but in the end they couldn’t achieve their mutual goal. As a result, nuclear weapons have proliferated and remain a danger to all humanity. Today, we face the threat of terrorists gaining possession of nuclear weapons, and wreaking massive destruction on the cities of powerful nations. There can be no doubt that had Reagan and Gorbachev succeeded, the US and the world would be much safer, and these men would be remembered above all else for this achievement. The USS Ronald Reagan has the motto, “Peace through Strength.” President Reagan, like the ship bearing his name, was known for his commitment to this motto, but he never saw nuclear weapons as a strength. In his book, Ronald Reagan and His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, Paul Lettow quotes Reagan as saying, “I know that there are a great many people who are pointing to the unimaginable horror of nuclear war…. [T]o those who protest against nuclear war, I can only say, ‘I’m with you.’” Lettow also quotes Reagan as stating, “[M]y dream is to see the day when nuclear weapons will be banished from the face of the Earth.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, individuals struggled for the abolition of slavery because they understood that every man, woman and child has the right to live in freedom. Through the efforts and persistence of committed individuals like William Wilberforce in Great Britain and Frederick Douglass in the United States, slavery was brought to an end, and humanity is better for it. In today’s world, we confront an issue of even more transcending importance, because nuclear weapons place civilization and the human species itself in danger of annihilation. Ronald Reagan was a leader who recognized this, and worked during his presidency for the abolition of these terrible weapons. He believed, according to Nancy, that “as long as such weapons were around, sooner or later they would be used,” with catastrophic results. He understood that nuclear weapons themselves are the enemy. Unfortunately, Ronald Reagan died before seeing his goal of abolishing nuclear weapons realized. It is up to those of us still living to complete this job. It is not a partisan issue, but rather a human issue, one that affects our common future. Working to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons would honor the memory of President Reagan, our only recent president with the vision to seek the total elimination of these weapons. He was a president who understood that US leadership was essential to achieving this goal. It behooves us as citizens of the United States to assure that our next president shares President Reagan’s vision on this issue, picks up the baton of nuclear weapons abolition from him and carries it forward. David Krieger is the President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (www.wagingpeace.org). He is a leader in the global effort to abolish nuclear weapons. David Krieger David Krieger David Krieger is President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (www.wagingpeace.org). He is the author and editor of many books on peace and nuclear weapons abolition, including "Speaking of Peace: Quotations to Inspire Action."
Monday, February 24, 2014 Financial Statement 101 Welcome to Financial Statement based on the "Rich Dad Poor Dad" by Robert T. Kiyosaki Everybody, I repeat, everybody have their own financial statement monthly. From financial statement, we can see the cash flow of the individual. And just based from the cash flow, the individual can either be POOR, or RICH The Financial Statement First of all, I will proceed with definition (in my own simple words) Income : Money entering your wallet Expense : Money leaving your wallet Asset : Anything that you have (tangible or intangible) that makes you MORE money. Liabilities: Anything that you have (tangible or intangible) that makes you LOSE money. Capishe? Good. How is the cash flow of a middle class/ordinary people? Financial Statement of Middle Class JOB gives you earned income which enters your wallet (income). For most of the people, the income goes straight to Liabilities (car loans, mobile plan, credit cards). Liabilities generates expenses (car loan payment, mobile plan payment, credit cards payment) Only after all that, the remainder goes into savings (if there's any) What really happened? Middle class do not focus on building their assets. As the result, after years, they still do not have any assets. So, let's say the world facing global economy crisis similar to 1997; people losing their jobs, their earned income is gone. BUT, the liabilities is still there, and expenses is still there too. Problems? So, how do the RICH do it? Earned income from their jobs, the rich go straight to building their ASSETS (real estate, gold, businesses). Since most of their money is spent on assets, they have to limit their LIABILITIES, which in turn reducing their EXPENSES. So, after years, their assets GROW, and generating PASSIVE income, which contribute back to their income and assets. In economic crisis, even though the rich might lose their job, they still have their passive income working for them. AND when their passive income monthly is more than their monthly expenses, they reached FINANCIAL FREEDOM. To wrap things up, I only have 1 question. Which financial statement do you want to follow? Thanks for reading! Any questions, do contact me personally. I'll try my best to help. If you like it, do share! Saturday, February 22, 2014 Tried multiple facial products and ended up disappointed? Skin problem affecting your confidence? Most of the people focusing on external factor when handling with skin issues; facial products/sessions. The internal factor; nutrients, hormones, healthy cells, are often ignored. · Alfalfa Complex; detoxify your body to improve muscle and skin cells, simplify and removing fat and cholesterol (MYR 53.75) · Lecithin; emulsify fat and cholesterol, encourage fat burning for slimmer body, improve allergies, contains choline to improve memory (MYR 52.50) Flawless Skin · Sustained Release Vita C; encourage production of collagen (tighten skin and reduce wrinkles), vitamin C promotes anti-aging, improves blood circulation ( MYR 92.50) · Vita-E Complex; anti-aging, and antioxidant, cures scars and skin ulcers, improve heart function to promote more oxygen to body/skin cells (MYR 149.00) Inner Shine · GLA Complex; regulates estrogen (PMS) and testosterone, delays menopause, improves skin inflammation, repairs dry/fall hair (MYR 91.25) · Energizing Soy Protein (ESP); More than 20 types of amino acid that promotes ageless skin, regulates hormone, and improves skin pigmentation and hair problems (MYR 150.00) Why Shaklee? · Always Safe; over 100,000 annual quality test done to ensure the quality · Always Work; backed by scientific and clinical proof · Always Green; sustainable products focuses on utilizing ingredients from the nature *Each product offers additional benefits which may not be mentioned above. Phone/SMS/Whatsapp : Anis Izzuddin @ 014 8905082 for supplement consultation and purchases Tuesday, February 18, 2014 it is in everyone, believe in yourself Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure, beyond measure. Ima show you, how great I am. Ima show you, how great I am. Only last week, I murdered a rock, injured a stone, hospitalized a brick, Im so mean I make medicine sick. Ima show you, how great I am. This kids gonna be the best kid in the world. This kids gonna be somebody better than anybody I ever knew. Ima show you, how great I am. I have wrastled with an alligator, I done tussled with a whale, I done handcuffed lightnin, thrown thunder in jail. Ima show you, how great I am. All you chumps are gonna bow when I whoop him, all of you, I know you got him, I know youve got him picked, but the mans in trouble, Ima show you how great I am. But somewhere along the line you changed, you stopped being you. You let people stick a finger in your face and tell you youre no good, and when things got hard, you started looking for something to blame, like a big shadow. Let me tell you something you already know, the world aint all sunshine and rainbows, its a very mean and nasty place and I dont care how tough you are, it will beat you to your knees and keep you there permanently if you let it. You, me, or nobody, is gonna hit as hard as life; but it aint about how hard you hit, its about how hard you can get hit and keep moving forward, how much you can take and keep moving forward. Thats how winning is done. Cause if youre willin to go through all the battling you gotta go through to get to where you wanna get, whos got the right to stop you. And youre told no even after you pay your dues, whos got the right to tell you that, who? Nobody. Its your right to listen to your gut, it aint nobodys right to say no, after you earn the right to be where you want to be and do what you want to do. Now if you know what youre worth, then go out and get what youre worth. But youve gotta be willing to take the hits. Cowards do that and that aint you! Youre better than that! Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. Your playing small does not serve the world. We are all meant to shine, as children do. It's not just in some of us; it's in everyone. Sunday, February 2, 2014 Why you need to pay your credit cards full every month? For those of you who do not have 3 minutes and 25 seconds to watch this video (or a slow internet connection, I feel you bro), let me summarise it for you. If you only pay the minimum amount monthly, you are basically only paying the interest. And it will take you a whopping 36 years to clear off your credit card debt,.. and that provided you don't swipe your credit card on next purchases. Share with me your thought and comments! for more on financial tips: Saturday, July 16, 2011 @Lata Kinjang Normal Combo Water Slide Combo Water Slide GONE WRONG! Sunday, January 23, 2011 bila creative + terrorism antara mainan faveret aku time kecik2 dulu adalah lego. aku rasa lego adalah mainan ultimate sebab flexible, takkan rosak, mudah utk dimain, macam2 outcome bleh buat. tapi lepas men aku salu malas nak kemas, akibatnya koleksi lego aku slalu kn rampas. rampas pastu kn sembunyi sampai skang tak jumpa2. mmg hebat hideout itu. mcm2 benda creative yg org dah buat zaman skang. dari kereta mini bodoh2 sampai statue manusia. sungguh awesome. tp bila mainan lego dikaitkan ngan terrorism,.. Awesome and Dangerous Lego Weapons (17 pics + 2 videos) Awesome and Dangerous Lego Weapons (17 pics + 2 videos) Awesome and Dangerous Lego Weapons (17 pics + 2 videos) Awesome and Dangerous Lego Weapons (17 pics + 2 videos) awesome babeng! more legoweapon cuaca kat utp, tronoh ni secara averagenya mmg panas. lebih hot daripada biasa! lam seminggu tu kadang2 takde hujan. aku takleh imagine camner keadaan kat jelebu, tempat paling kering kat malaysia ni. mungkin penduduk kat situ sumer layan tanam pokok kaktus. mungkin. cuaca kat tronoh ni aku agak2 macam gunung berapi kra-ka-tau. aku tak sure camner ejaan gunung berapi tu yg sebenarnya tp bunyi lebih2 kurang sama. cincai2 la kata org. gunung berapi ni tak akan meletus utk beratus/berpuluh tahun, tp skali dia meletus, memang tak alang2. kaw2 dia bagi. sembang pasal gunung berapi ni, aku teringat cikgu geografi aku dulu, cikgu ho. cikgu ho ni sangat awesome sampai dia bleh tulis kat blackboard sambil tgk student. ya, menulis tanpa melihat tanpa salah. awesome bukan? cikgu ho ttp dalam kenangan. oh aku dah menyimpang jauh. apa2 pun, semalam sedang aku tgh drive kat ipoh, hujan turun kaw2. mengejut lak tu. mungkin sebab tu ramai yg jatuh sakit kat utp ni. nak dipendekkan citer, kat jalan byk la air betakung dan kete aku mengalami hydroplane. bahasa tak cool utk hydroplane = tayar keta meluncur di atas takungan air kat jalan raya dan menyebabkan hilang kawalan. so next time aku ingat • baca doa sebelum mula pejalanan. • jangan langgar lopak air. sebelum ni aku mengaku aku agak bodoh kerana menyangka lopak air tu boleh membersih bahagian bawah keta kalo dilanggar. aku tahu korang pun penah follow teori ni. jgn tipu, nanti berdosa. • jangan bawa laju2 time hujan. better safe than sorry bebeh. • ucap Alhamdulillah sebab dipanjangkan umur n tak eksiden. sikit lagi kot. cuak bai. ingatlah org tesayang. renung2 kan, selamat beramal
The Globalization of Production The influence of foreign outsourcing has adversely affected the demand for skilled labor in America and has increased wage inequality, which gives rise to the question of the relative trade and technological inequality in the U.S. and elsewhere. This can be measured by measuring technological changes by firms that have applied these changes and technological progressions to their production procedures. Outsourcing and the application of technological processes have increased the demand for skilled labor and considerably reduced the demand for unskilled labor. To earn the best grades in your Dissertation, Thesis and college assignments you should choose an academic writing service that will meet your best writing needs. This use of technology has dramatically changed the structure of wages and in many countries has raised the standards of living. Because of the great economic benefits that companies derive from outsourcing services and manufacturing, the practice of having most products including consumer goods manufactured in other countries and then shipped to American for finishing or just to be sold there.Many people have the misconception that outsourcing is destroying jobs in the Western World. This obviously is not true as these jobs would have been lost anyway because the cost of wages would make these products and services too expensive to produce and there place these items beyond the reach of the ordinary consumers. During the last twenty years or so, labor markets in all parts of the globe have been more and more composite. Economic changes and political improvements have changed China, India and the Eastern European countries whose large labor force is now available in the international market. Simultaneously the rapid progress in technology and the abandoning of restrictions on trade between countries had made it possible for production processes to be located in any part of the world which has considerably reduced labor and production costs. Changes are also evident in increased immigration which has added substantially to the skilled and unskilled labor force. This raises questions such as how quickly has the labor supply increased and which venues of labor globalization have been the most important, how can the current tendencies in labor increase and labor reimbursement in rich countries be explained by the changing labor supply as compared to other important factors like advances in technology and labor market reforms. Global labor markets have multiplied by four over the last twenty years. This increase in labor and labor markets is being used by advanced economies through different means which include the import of finished goods, outsourcing through third parties and the increase in immigration both legal and through other channels. The continuous globalization of labor has caused the increase in labor compensation in richer economies by promoted productivity which has also benefitted from increased income. You May Also Like:
Sunday, April 19, 2009 Editing by the Numbers I've been grading papers by my students this week, and as usual there are many references to how editing has changed in the digital era. It makes sense: while the basic concepts are the same, editing on a computer can be significantly faster and allows a lot of room for quick experimentation. I think they miss the bigger, more significant point, however. Compare the same editor working in 1979 and 2009 and of course you'll see the power of computer-assisted editing. On some tasks, the digital editor will be amazingly faster, and will likely have less need of multiple assistants to sort the material. On other tasks, though, they may in fact work at about the same pace. A decent film editor on a working pre-digital system is not inherently slow, and a digital system includes no magic wand. The significance of digital technology is not found in comparing one editor (1979 version) to one editor (2009 version). The real change is this: the number of people with training in editing and a reasonable amount of practice is way, way up. The shift to computer-based editing has given the individual editor potentially more speed and power -- but it has also made it a more competitive field, with a much larger talent pool. How many 19-year-olds had edited a short film in 1979, compared to the number today? The real effect, then, is that in our one-to-one comparison that 2009 editor would probably be better. Not because of the function of the tools, but because of the amount of practice and competition allowed by the tools. No comments:
Gado 1 The Gado 1 was an Arduino-based scanning robot, replaced by the Gado 2 as of 2012. The Gado 1 was designed to autonomously digitize sensitive archival materials (especially photos) which can not be placed in a standard document feeder (since these tend to bend flat objects in order to scan them). The Gado 1 lifts items using suction, places them on a standard flatbed scanner, scans them into a computer, and sets them aside for re-filing. Gado 1 robot at the Afro American Newspapers’ archive Gado 1 X Axis Stepper Motor Gado 1 X Axis Stepper Motor The Gado 1 has four axes of movement: x (side to side), y (back and forth), z (up and down) and i (opening and closing the scanner lid). The x and z axes are controlled by stepping motors, driven by Brian Schmalz’s excellent Easydriver. The y axis is controlled by a 12inch linear actuator, driven by a TB6612FNG. The i axis is controlled by a servo motor, connected directly to the machine’s main control board. The main control board is an Arduino Mega with a Mega Shield, which makes it easier to connect in other components. Suction for lifting items is provided by a household vacuum cleaner, which the Arduino controls using a Powerswitch Tail and a simple relay. A suction lifter is mounted on the Gado 1’s z-axis arm, and is connected to the vacuum cleaner using plastic tubing. In order to make sure that it doesn’t damage the materials it’s scanning, the machine incorporates several sensors. The z-axis arm has an infrared proximity sensor which lets the Gado 1 judge how far its arm is from materials below it, and the arm’s suction lifter has an embedded photocell which helps the robot determine when it has successfully picked something up. The x, y, and z axes each have two limit switches which prevent the machine from moving beyond set boundaries, and the y axis has two photo-interrupters which allow the machine to confirm that it is positioned correctly before it goes to pick something up. Many of the Gado 1’s functions are controlled by Firmware on the main board, written in Arduino’s Processing language. The Gado 1 can perform most of its work using only serial commands sent over USB. The Gado 1’s computer control software is written in Python. It handles more complex tasks, like operating the scanner or uploading images to a database. Since the Gado 1 is designed to work with any off-the-shelf TWAIN-compatible flatbed scanner, the machine’s scanning capabilities are limited only by the scanner its operator chooses. This means the Gado 1 can do everything from quick-and-simple 72dpi scans to 1200dpi archival quality reproductions.
Breaking News What is a pterygium?* Trinidad Express / Pterygium (pronounced tery-gium) is a pinkish, fleshy growth from the conjunctiva (thin membrane covering the inside of the lids and white of the eye) extending on to the cornea (the clear front window of the eye). It usually presents on the side of the eye near the nose (nasal) but occasionally involves the outer (temporal) side. It may involve one eye or both and in few cases present with both nasal and temporal (double) pterygia in the same eye. A pterygium grows slowly towards the centre of the cornea and, if left untreated, may obstruct vision when it blocks light entering the pupil. It may also affect vision by distorting the regular shape, causing astigmatism) of the cornea. Causes of pterygium: These growths are believed to be caused by dryness, exposure to wind, atmospheric pollution, dust and ultra-violet (UV) light. They are commoner in hot, dry, sunny climates like Trinidad and Tobago. Some cases occur in families. Symptoms: A pink growth, burning, irritation, watering, redness and itching may occur. About the author / Related Posts North America Latin America
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Photosynthesis, Biology Photosynthesis - the process by which plants utilise energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water for the synthesis of sugar. This sugar can then be converted to other carbohydrates or other food materials like fats and proteins. The general importance of the process was recognised as long ago as 2000 years. The biblical saint, Isaiah, who lived between 700-600 B.C. said "All flesh is grass" recognising that all food chains are finally traced to plants. Plants are also responsible for the fossil fuels such as petroleum, oil and coal, which represent products of photosynthesis carried out millions of years ago in the carboniferous era. It is through this process that plants continuously purify air during daytime and thus allow animals to breathe. The overall importance of this process is best expressed in the words of Eugene Rabinowitch, one of the great authors and researchers of photosynthesis, who said "Physiologically speaking, all the animals on land and in the sea, including man, are but a small brood of parasites living off the great body of the plant kingdom", and "if plants could express themselves, they would probably have the same low opinion of animals as we have of fleas and tapeworms - organisms that must lazily depend on others for survival ." The photosynthetic products are utilised by humans and other animals to provide energy. He proceeded to state that "without them no heart could beat, no amoeba could swim, no sensation could speed along a nerve, no thought could flash in the human brain". Clearly, for all these activities we are dependent on plants. Posted Date: 1/17/2013 3:13:22 AM \| Location : United States Related Discussions:- Photosynthesis, Assignment Help, Ask Question on Photosynthesis, Get Answer, Expert's Help, Photosynthesis Discussions Write discussion on Photosynthesis Your posts are moderated Related Questions Explain Recovery or Anabolic Phase of Stress Response? When wounds are closed and infection has resolved, repletion of lean tissue and fat stores along with restoration of stre A v i a n tuberculosis Tuberculosis in poultry has not remained a big threat in list of diseases due to commercialization of poultry business. It is a contagious chronic di If I take a drug that induced the synthesis of CYP 2E1 in my system, would that raise or lower my blood alcohol level after I drink a beer or wine (compared to if I hadn''t taken t In diabetes mellitus counsellor help the diabetic patient to cope up with the stress and take own decision for their treatment and life style changes. Decision making capacity of Aesthetic and Recreational Significance - Wildlife Many wild species are a source of beauty, wonder; joy, and recreational pleasure for large number of people. Observing leave Proteases of animals From the table you can see that these exopeptidases and endopeptidases attack specific peptide bonds depending on the chemical group near them. The inacti Global Air Circulation The major wind systems of the earth result because large masses of air around the earth's equator are forced to rise from the bottom due to surface heati Define the Prevention of diseases - Function of Vitamin E? Because of its anti-oxidant function and its role in inhibiting cell proliferation of smooth muscles, vitamin E can b Describe the Capillarity Theory in respect of ascent of water in plants. Name the tissue included. Determine the initiation of muscle contraction. What is the role of Sarcoplas Q. Explain about Hypoglycemia? It is a Greek term: hypo -meaning less; glyc- means sweet; and emia- means "of the blood". It is a condition in which less than normal amount of
How the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution helps uphold freedom of speech globally. U.S. Global Role: The First And Second Amendments, Tragic Reason Gun Violence Won’t End Anytime Soon The United States is a global leader on many fronts: personal liberty, freedom of speech, gun ownership, and gun deaths, among many others, as reported by CBC and CBS. Globally, the United States is the precedent-setter, which all other countries look to, and who utilize U.S. legislation as a yardstick when drafting legislation of their own. It would seem that any citizen of the United States has the ability to publicly broadcast their views, through a multitude of channels. Further, it would seem that the majority of U.S. law enforcement officials would uphold this right to freedom of speech if a person were threatened with violence, merely for voicing a point of view, so long as the person did not spread “falsehood or advocate specific violent acts,” as reported by PBS. Examining the role the United States' First and Second Amendments to the Constitution play in upholding freedom of speech, assembly, and other civil liberties around the world. [Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images] Publishing the classified movements of military personnel is banned under federal law. Cases involving the publishing of false, libelous information about a public figure are often litigated in civil court. Unless a person is specifically advocating harm, courts have appeared to tend to uphold the First Amendment rights of U.S. Citizens, as reported by Cornell University Law School. Today, most U.S. law enforcement agencies would generally work to protect any U.S. citizens from being stopped from engaging in their First Amendment rights. However, this is in an environment where U.S. citizens are also afforded the Second Amendment right “to keep and bear arms,” as reported by Cornell University Law School. Police charged with deciding whether a person is overstepping the bounds of their First Amendment rights do so in an environment where citizens may exercise their Second Amendment right to bear arms. Perhaps surprisingly, this situation has not resulted in most newspapers and book publishers requiring the services of armed security guards. A logical truce has formed between those who produce media and voice opinions and those who might wish to quell them. While this truce does not result in daily gun battles, it is a truce backed by the right to bear arms granted to the U.S. civilian population by the Second Amendment. A peace of power, perhaps comparable to U.S.-former Soviet Union relations during the Cold War. The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and how it gives weight to the First Amendment. [Image via Thinkstock] Some believe that to take away the Second Amendment would result in the First Amendment carrying little weight; only police officers, militias, and the military could then back their right to freedom of speech with force if threatened, explains Dave Kopel. “Unless one is prepared to argue that the First Amendment ‘right of the people peaceably to assemble’ protects only National Guard meetings… it is impossible to coherently maintain that the Second Amendment ‘right of the people’ belongs to the National Guard or the states, rather than to the people.” Some Western democracies, generally lauded for their high standards of living, do not maintain the same level of personal liberty, especially with regard to freedom of speech and assembly, as the United States does. More than 1,000 Canadians have been deemed by courts to have had their First Amendment-equivalent civil rights “violated” at the 2010 G7 Summit in Toronto, as reported by the Council of Canadians. The Ontario Provincial Police have warned Ontarians about sharing media and messages that are not “kind” on the internet, sparking a round of comments from Canadian freedom of speech watchdogs, as reported by the Inquisitr. Seeming instances of authorities not upholding individuals’ right to freedom of speech in the United Kingdom have been documented by Eamon O’Kelly with Quora. It is likely, though open for debate, that authorities in the United States would have handled these situations differently. It would seem that the First Amendment right to freedom of speech will always be under attack. The right to publish and voice opinions only carries weight if no physical force can silence them. That every single citizen in the United States actually has this right available to them, so long as they don’t abuse it, is one of the things that makes America great. It is why judges, politicians, and journalists around the world look to the United States as an example, as the guiding light, as to what free expression includes, and what it does not. In its place as the world leader, and precedent-setter, defining what freedom of speech is, cases in the United States are looked to, and held up against, cases in other countries. If the Second Amendment was repealed, would the cases the world looks to begin to shift toward those who still had access to weapons? While advocating a ban on assault weapons, presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton has not proposed and outright ban on handguns, despited the fact that the U.S. gun death rate is 40 times that of the United Kingdom's. [Photo by Stephen Maturen/Getty Images] Perhaps speaking to this situation is that while Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump is noted for his support both for and from the National Rifle Association, as reported by the Institute for Legislative Action, neither popular Democrat Bernie Sanders or presumptive presidential nominee Hillary Clinton have called for a total handgun ban, of the type in place in Canada and the United Kingdom. The United States is noted for having a gun death rate 40 times that of the United Kingdom, as previously reported by the Inqusitr. The National Observer reports that Canada’s “firearms-related homicide rate” is about “seven times” lower than the United States’. The situation might be described as a love/hate one; where Canada and the United Kingdom thumb their noses at the United States smugly over their low gun-related death rates, but then come crawling back, metaphorically, once their civil rights have been violated. While Canada has an annual firearm death rate of 2.3 people per 100,000 and the United Kingdom, 0.2 compared with the United States’ 10.2, both nations look to, and enjoy, the benefit of the example of the high level of freedom of expression set in the United States afforded under the First Amendment and, seemingly, upheld by the Second Amendment. Major political leaders in the United States appear to recognize this situation, making it likely that, less than a ban on assault weapons of the type proposed by Hillary Clinton, an outright ban on guns will not occur anytime soon in America’s future. Corresponding to this, the number of deaths related to guns in the United States is unlikely to drop significantly in the near future. [Image via Thinkstock]
Brown Girl Dreaming Brown Girl Dreaming Book Category: Title reflecting diversity Author: Jacqueline Woodson Copyright: (2014) New York, NY Publisher: Nancy Paulsen Books/Penguin Group Suggested Grade Level: 5-6 Lexile Level: 990L Accelerated Reader: 5.3 Suggested Delivery: Independent Read Common Core State Standard: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.6.1: Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. 5 Key Words to Describe the Book: Inspirational, Diverse, Moving, Powerful, Hopeful Electronic Resources: 1. This website provides a couple of videos of the National Books Awards in 2014 when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for young people’s literature with this book. It also provides a brief summary of the book, where one can buy the book, and a biography about the author herself: 2. This website provides a PDF of a teacher’s guide to this book. It includes various lessons, activities, discussions, and links that can be helpful for students and teachers: 3. This website provides many helpful links and resources for teachers and students to learn more about the various perspectives about the topic of desegregation from this particular book: Key Vocabulary: • Desegregation: the ending of a policy of racial segregation. • Memoir: a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge or special sources. • Jehovah’s Witness: a member of a Christian movement founded in the US by Charles Taze Russell; Jehovah’s Witnesses deny many traditional Christian doctrines and refuse military service and blood transfusion on religious grounds. • Autobiography: an account of a person’s life written by that person. • Civil Rights Movement: a struggle by African Americans in the mid-1950s to late 1960s to achieve Civil Rights equal to those of whites. Teaching Suggestions: 1. Before, During, After- Before: Students will learn about memoirs. They will research the definition, the different components, and some different examples of a memoir. This will give them a better understanding of the type of book that they are about to read and why writing or reading a memoir can be so important and inspiring. During: Students will close read “the ghosts of the Nelsonville house” on pages 10-12 from the book. They will find examples where the author describes a place or a person. Have the students take notes on the following questions that will be given to them on a piece of paper: What else is the author saying in these lines? What does she say explicitly, and what can you infer from the text? What techniques does she use to show us and what exactly is she showing (imagery, personification, line breaks)? How is this different from telling? After: Students will complete an exit slip. They will free write for approximately 5-10 minutes about the difference between literal and inferential comprehension. Their responses should include evidence from the text. They should also include why it is important for a reader to be able to determine the difference between what the author directly says and what the reader must make inferences about. 1. Writing Activity- Throughout the book, Jackie was constantly searching for her identity and on page 317, she stated, “I believe that there is good in each of us/no matter who we are or what we believe in.” What do your students believe and know to be true about their identities? Students should respond to this writing prompt and provide specific examples about themselves to justify their responses. Teacher’s Guide: Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Esconder and Abscond Esconder (Spanish for “to hide”) comes from the Latin ab– (“away”) and condere (“to put together”). Hiding is, after all, just a form of putting yourself away from everyone else! From the same root we get the less common English abscond, “to secretly run away to avoid capture.” That is just hiding–but taken to the extreme!
Freedom Riders "I hoped the reporters were out there. Plenty of them. With plenty of cameras." -James Farmer Farmer means that he wanted everyone in the world to see what is happening in the south and what some men and women were doing to them. He wanted the people from the movement to see them standing up for what they believe in and he wanted to start a fire through the media. James Farmer Founder of CORE and Participant in the Freedom Rides. Freedom Riders in 1 word Audacious: It means extremely breve and daring. By doing what they did against Southern government even with death hang above their heads. By defying them and not giving up it takes guts and daring to accomplish. Why Did They Do It Even With All The Risks? The riders like James Farmer, Paul Dietrich, Hank Thomas, and John Lewis participated to understand and prove how much the Southern government supported and would listen to the Supreme Court's decision. As well as to prove their point against segregation. Why Did The Freedom Rides Happen Instead Of Something Else? The freedom riders believed that their way would be the most effective in getting what they wanted as well as it was cheaper that going individually. Bus is also how a lot of people traveled at that time. Choosing to demonstrate that way was largely public, would make a point and give it attention. Why would they keep going even with the risks? The riders kept going because they knew that they would make a difference in the movement and the people of America. James Farmer and the others wanted a better world in all, better than how it was at that time no matter what. How Did It Impact The Civil Rights Movement? The freedom rides impacted the civil rights movement by sparking them back into action and gaining supporters as well as reinvigorating the current participants. They showed the government that the Supreme Court needed to have more presence in the south and reinforcement. Paul Dietrich, Hank Thomas, John Lewis, James Peck, James Farmer, and many others. The carriers that they rode on were Greyhound and Trailways. The Ku Klux Klan tried to keep them from riding. They rode all over the south but they were specifically stopped in Jackson, Mississippi and Anniston, Alabama where many were taken into custody. They started on May 4, 1961 and after a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court calling segregation in bus stations was unconstitutional. The case was recorded by Justice Stanley Reed. Fact & Opinion Fact: James Farmer participated in the Freedom Rides which I can tell because in Catherine Gourley's article it states that he participated and the quote could only be first hand. Opinion: James Farmer wanting it to be publicized but not every one in a tough situation would want the world to be watching them bleeding on TV. "They Risked Their Lives to Fight Injustice" by Cathrine Gourley Dallas Morning News June 4, 1946, May 15, 1961, & May 25, 1961 Images & Videos Comment Stream 3 years ago You have really good and thorough answers to your questions, and really good questions. I also really like the quote that you put in. 3 years ago I love your questions! I like how you have a lot of information! 3 years ago 3 years ago 3 years ago
January 3, 2010 by Aleme Eshete (June 2008) Walelegn’s article on Ethiopian nationalities written in 1969 was impressive for a University College fourth year student. That is why we have chosen to consider the article and evaluate it in the context of 1.international developments at that date , 2. national Ethiopian developments In the international context of 1969 we have reason to ask whether Walelegn wrote his paper on Ethiopian nationalities, and introduce the issue of self determination of Ethiopian nationalities , up to secession, in 1969 , an issue which will politicise Ethiopian history and society ever after, which will poison Ethiopian unity and serve as an important instrument in the hands of the CIA and American imperialism for the break up of Ethiopia. We have reason to ask whether Walelegn raised that issue alone or in collaboration with others, particularly foreign agents. We have dealt at length with the issue of the origin of the idea of self determination as an instrument to break up Ethiopia in our article on the Austrian Nazi Baron Roman Prochazka who in his book “Abyssinia the Powder Barrel ” (Vienna 1935, translated in the all the major Western languages , including American English,) before the Fascist invasion of 1936, had written The numerous peoples and tribes who inhabit the territory of the Ethiopian State and which differ in race, language , culture and religion from the ruling minority of Abyssinia proper, would long ago have thrown off the Abyssinian yoke if they had been given the right of self determination. Instead they are being forcibly kept from European influences and from the advantages that progressive colonisation could confer upon the country. The final aim of (Abyssinian) policy of antagonism to the white race in cooperation with Japan , is nothing less than to act as the champions of all coloured peoples of Africa….It is incumbent on the legations of the civilised nations in Abyssinia to warn their governments to take a definite stand before the Abyssinians attack and destroy Western culture and civilization in its entirety .” “(Referendum?) : “If they vote freely they would certainly prefer a European protectorate to universally hated extortioners and slave drives. This country is cracking at all its joints and has only kept together up to the present by methods of ruthless coercion. With all the CIA talk and its policy of the right of self determination of nations and nationalities up to secession for the break up and dismemberment of Ethiopia ” since the 1960’s would you not agree that CIA’s policy has been copied word for word from the Nazi Baron Roman Prochazka? 1969 was the highest point of CIA involvement in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, with Miles Copeland and others mascarading as followers of a Socialist movement, manipulating Nasser, then recruiting that same year Issayas Afework as a CIA agent to wage a guerrilla war for breaking out of Ethiopia with all its Red Sea coast, the year when Nimeiry in the Sudan, Siad Barrre in Somalia were recruited. The veteran CIA agent Paul Henze the principal promoter of self determination and the break up of Ethiopia was assigned to Addis Ababa in 1969. It will not be absurd to think that Walelegn’s s article the hot bed of anti-Ethiopian self-determination for the break up of Ethiopia may have been the work of foreign agents. We also found a striking similarity between Walelegn’s article and Baron Roman Prochazkas’s text on the subject of self determination and the break up of Ethiopia. Another point to consider in the international context is the absurdity to-day to see Walelegn quoting Lenin, the Bolsheviks etc as models of truth and what he calls science, with our background knowledge of what has happened to the Bolshevik revolution, the rise of Stalinism, the fate of the Soviet Union and the end of Soviet communism in general, the fate of North Korea and Albania, Romania etc. the rise of U.S imperialism as a sole world power with the end of the Cold War, and finally , under pressure of U.S imperialism , in light of present day transformation of Western democracies – (U.S and Europe) into Big Brother Police States since 9-11 , with the proclamation of Bush’s Patriotic Act and the so called war against terrorism (article forthcoming) . Walelegn’s article, as that of Baron Roman Prochazka, was an ideological propaganda intended to achieve a specific objective -the destruction of Ethiopia . It is marked not only by a lack of an iota of Ethiopian nationalism but also lack of knowledge of the available literature at that date on the peoples of Ethiopia. In general we observe a lack of a balanced, critical view and Orwellian foresight, on the part of Walelegn and his EPRP-OLF-TPLF-EPLF disciples dominated by what Hagos Gebre Yesus called self -hatred, and animated by simple generalisation and dogmatism characteristic of the half-baked Ethiopian student politics of those days. In the national context the problem with Walelegn’s article as with all others after him is that they have a strange view of the history of peoples of Ethiopia, not as a dynamic living phenomenon but as permanentlyas static, fixed unmoving and undeveloping inert phenomenon continuing in closed impervious situation for centuries and centuries to the end of time , separated by huge walls, never mingling with eachother in a give and take process and transforming themselves. Our present knowledge of the history of the peoples of Ethiopia – of the Tigrai, of the Amhara, of the Oromo etc. do not allow single separated linear developments of the peoples of Ethiopia but of the Ethiopian nation made up of cultures, languages and values ever pulling each other. We do not know in history any original Amhara language, religion or culture. The so called Amhara have inherited all from the Axumites – language, script, religion culture etc. and have carried over the Axumite culture as an Ethiopian , language, religion …The Amhara have never existed as a tribe but are the result of the evolution since Geez Axumite times of the linguistic transformation of the Kushitic Agaw into Semitic , as well as the amalgamation of the cultures and languages of other peoples of Ethiopia since Axumite times. There is also no such tribe, culture, language or religion called Oromo but an amalgamation of several Ethiopian peoples who have been absorbed during the Galla conquest , from the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century or the rise of Tewodros, during which process the original Galla have been ethiopianised -their culture, language and religion being transformed . Linguistically, the Galla may even have been transformed during the long process and contact with Ethiopian Kushitic peoples, into Kushitic , according to Professor Andrezejewski of the London School of Oriental Studies.(The Position of the Galla in the Cushitic language group” published in Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol.9, 1964. See also my paper, Galla Kushitic? In EEDN debates 2002.) Waleelegn’s ideological anti-Ethiopian propaganda had a wide following among anti-Ethiopian student politics -EPRP, MeiSon, OLF, TPLF, EPLF. With the rise to power of the TPLF(EPLF) in May 1991 as an American proxy colonial regime, the Walelegn-Prochazka provision of self determination up to secession of the Ethiopian nations and nationalities was promoted to become the backbone of Weyane’s Ethiopian Constitution (Article 39), for the dissolution of Ethiopia. These are some of the thoughts that come to mind when one reads to-day Walelegn’s article of 1969 on the question of Ethiopian Nationalities. You may spread and use my views as you think fit. (Enclosed, the text of Walelegn’s article on Ethiopian nationalities of 1969) By Walleligne Mekonnen Nov. 17, 1969 And how do we achieve this genuine democratic and egalitarian state? To applaud the ELF is a sin. If anything favourable is written out, it is automatically refuted by both USUAA and NUEUS. But the Gojjam affair was different. Support for it was practically a show of identity to the so-called revolutionaries. 1 The above article was written by Walleligne Mekonnen 39 years ago, while he was a fourth year student in the Faculty of Arts, PSIR, and was published on STRUGGLE[ Vol. V, No. 2, November 17, 1969] by the University Students’ Union of Addid Ababa ( USUAA). Categories: Articles
A renewables hedge against gas price gouging For a small additional cost Australia could develop significant wind and solar assets that would shield us from the energy security risks posed by a gas-powered future. While energy security has historically been thought of as a safeguard against abrupt supply disruptions, it can also apply where there is the potential for sudden, unexpected high prices over which there is little domestic control or ability to respond. This is consistent with the International Energy Agency (IEA) definition that energy supply is “secure” if it is adequate, affordable and reliable. Energy price security has not typically been an issue for electricity production in Australia, given our abundant domestic fossil fuel resources. However, by the IEA definition, two distinct developments in the Australia market have the potential to threaten Australia’s electricity price security. Firstly, east coast domestic gas markets are likely to become linked to international gas markets in the near future via the development of a large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) export industry. This creates a growing degree of domestic gas market exposure to the uncertainty and volatility inherent in international markets. Secondly, there is expected to be a strong trend towards investment in gas‑fired generation in Australia. If investment is in plant designed for bulk energy production from gas (combined cycle gas turbines, rather than gas peaking plant), electricity prices are likely to become increasingly linked to domestic gas prices, passing through gas costs to electricity consumers. These two factors mean that Australian electricity prices could become exposed to the possibility of sudden, unexpected high international prices over which we have little domestic control or short-term ability to mitigate. Electricity markets are composed of long lived assets with long development timeframes. This means they respond to fuel price volatility by passing on higher electricity costs to consumers for extended periods of time before new generation assets that are more competitive under the prevailing pricing regime can be installed. These factors have translated into material uncertainty over future domestic gas prices, as illustrated in Figure 1. Even in the near term, forecasts vary significantly, and by 2030, forecasts range from as low as $4.50/GJ to as high as $15/GJ. Figure 1 – Recent domestic gas price forecasts from a range of sources in real 2012 Australian dollars This degree of uncertainty over future gas prices is material, as illustrated in Figure 2. This graph shows the combinations of carbon and gas prices at which the long run marginal cost (LRMC) of combined cycle gas and wind generation are equivalent. At higher carbon and gas prices (above the line), wind is anticipated to be less expensive than combined cycle gas for bulk energy production, and vice versa. The magenta points indicate gas prices forecast by the Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (ACIL Tasman, 2012) with carbon prices forecast by the Federal Treasury (Treasury, 2011), and remain below the line until after 2020 (indicating that combined cycle gas is the lower cost generation option in this scenario). However, this is only one possible economic outcome; the high degree of uncertainty over gas prices at present means that price projections vary widely. The range of gas price projections forecast in each year is illustrated by the magenta “uncertainty bars”. It is clear that the degree of uncertainty is material, compared with the relative costs of the two technologies. Carbon price uncertainty is not illustrated, but is similarly large. Figure 2 – A comparison of the long run marginal cost (LRMC) of wind and combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT), indicating the combination of carbon and gas price at which they are equal. Notes and sources: The points in magenta illustrate carbon prices from the Treasury modelling (Treasury, 2011) and the most recent available ‘medium scenario’ gas price projections from the Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (ACIL Tasman, 2012). Uncertainty bars indicate the range of the highest and lowest gas price projections forecast for that year from the selection of recent gas price projections listed in Figure 1. The CCGT is assumed to operate at a capacity factor of 80%; other technology costs for LRMC calculation are from reference (AEMO, 2010). In addition to exposure to gas price uncertainty, Australia’s electricity price could become exposed to international fuel price volatility. ] This has been observed in the UK, where the price of gas is identified to be the main driver of household electricity bills. Following the Fukushima incident and conflict in Libya, international gas prices rose significantly. Despite the remoteness of these events to the UK, they directly acted to significantly increase consumer electricity bills. The potential rise in electricity price volatility and uncertainty can be addressed by the development of a diverse generation portfolio. Renewable power, in particular, has been recognised internationally for its value in mitigating fuel price volatility in electricity markets. Continued investment in renewable generation in Australia allows bulk energy production from renewables rather than gas. With increasing quantities of energy being supplied by renewable sources, a larger proportion of new gas-fired plant can fulfil a peaking role (rather than bulk energy supply). Thus, achieving a significant penetration of renewable energy in our market has the potential to de-couple electricity prices from gas prices, increasing energy price security. It is recognised that there is an additional cost premium associated with portfolio diversification, since by definition it requires investment in technologies that are not the lowest cost. We propose that the additional cost of diversification can be thought of as a type of ‘insurance premium’, since diversification towards a protective portfolio insures our electricity market against volatile fossil fuel prices. The insurance premium that we should pay in order to develop this protective portfolio will be dependent upon the likelihood of adverse events, and their consequences. In this case there is evidence that volatility is likely and could have severe consequences, suggesting that a high insurance premium could be justified. Given the anticipated increase in gas prices over the coming decades, the premium required is likely to be small. At gas prices of $11-$12/GJ, wind generation becomes competitive with a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT), even in the absence of a carbon price and RET support. With a carbon price of $23/tCO2-e, wind competes at only $9-10/GJ. This indicates that the additional premium required to develop significant quantities of wind generation over the next decades could be small, and likely to be justified by the reduction in risk and exposure to volatility. Similarly, recent and continued cost reductions in solar photovoltaics put this technology at only a small additional cost. Dr Jenny Riesz is AECOM senior consultant in Energy Strategic Advisory. For the complete analysis, please refer to: http://www.aecom.com/deployedfiles/Internet/Geographies/Australia-New Zealand/DeliveringEnergyPriceSecurity_DrJennyRiesz.pdf Related Articles
Some Women Protected From Mental Illness by Their Personality Traits Some Women Protected From Mental Illness by Their Personality TraitsData from a British health study have revealed intriguing connections between personality characteristics and the ability to resist bad outcomes following a negative mental health diagnosis. The impact that depression, anxiety disorder or similar condition has on a woman’s life is muted by certain personality traits, researchers have found. And fascinatingly, the protective effect discovered was found only in women. This surprising discovery emerged from information acquired in the British Household Panel Survey, a study sponsored by the University of Essex Institute for Social and Economic Research. Almost 3,000 men and women were selected to participate in this research project, which queried its subjects over a period of years on a variety of topics related to their health, happiness and attitudes about life. As part of the study, the personalities of participants were evaluated and cross-correlated with the data to see if they had any impact. Which, it turns out, they did. Poor Mental Health and the Big Five Personality Traits For the purposes of this research, personality was classified using the Big Five Model of Personality Traits. This framework for analysis has been around for decades and has received wide acceptance within the broader field of psychology. It has frequently been used to interpret human behavior and to explain the diversity of human emotional experience. The five personality traits elevated to elite status under this model include: • Openness to experience: (inventive/curious consistent/cautious) • Conscientiousness: (efficient/organized easy-going/careless) • Extraversion: (outgoing/energetic solitary/reserved) • Agreeableness: (friendly/compassionate analytical/detached) • Neuroticism: (sensitive/nervous secure/confident) Everyone falls on one side of the dividing line or the other, registering positive or negative for all five of these traits. As might be expected, in general, falling on the “good” side of the line promotes health and happiness. And in fact, women who possessed a high degree of agreeableness were among those who weren’t hit as hard by mental health troubles. But in this instance, the picture is decidedly more complex; women assessed as being low in conscientiousness were the other group able to make a smooth adjustment to the onset of mental illness. None of the other five personality traits was associated with improved coping skills, but the relationships with agreeableness and conscientiousness were measureable and easily established. Psychologists Look for Answers Researchers looking at the data have tried to come up with sensible reasons to explain why agreeableness and a lack of conscientiousness might help reduce the impact of depression or anxiety disorders. With respect to agreeableness, much of the speculation has centered on the constructive role strong social support networks can play in the healing process. People who measure high in agreeableness tend to have more friendships and better relationships with family members, giving them opportunities to reach out and ask for help when they are feeling overwhelmed. Because they are not alone, they have plenty of emotional and practical support, allowing them to avoid isolation and loneliness as they attempt to manage their personal affairs in troubled times. As for conscientiousness, those who lack this trait generally live lives filled with chaos and uncertainty. Consequently, the arrival of a mental illness may not be as disruptive as it is for those who prefer a more structured, predictable path and are intensely disturbed by breaks in routine. People low in conscientiousness usually suffer from emotional upset even in the best of times, so if more serious mental health problems develop, the changes may seem relatively small and not anything like the scary fall into a deep dark abyss that many victims of mental illness experience. It is a bit of a mystery why men do not demonstrate the same type of resistance to mental health difficulties based on personality traits. The British study did rely on self-testimony to diagnose mental health troubles, and some have suggested that men may have been less likely to tell the truth about their emotional states. Even in 2015, many men may still believe expressing negative emotions is a sign of weakness and that psychological problems are shameful and embarrassing. If this is true, the results of this survey may have been somewhat skewed or deceptive. But this is just speculation, and a lot more research will be needed to produce definitive answers. Personality Traits Are Not a ‘Get Out of Jail Free’ Card It is important to note that personality traits don’t keep anyone safe from mental health disorders. They only limit the life-altering effects of those disorders in some instances. But even in limited form, mental health disorders cause suffering, reduce a person’s sense of safety and security and can impact important relationships in highly destructive ways. Men and women diagnosed with any type of mental health disorder can benefit tremendously from counseling and treatment, regardless of any personality characteristics they may or may not possess. And women who score low on the conscientiousness scale may have other serious problems that need addressing, no matter how well they survive their encounters with depression or anxiety.
Gibraltar: a history of ill will over the Rock Share this article Gibraltar: a history of ill will over the Rock Daniel Doyle, CC BY-NC 12:39 CEST+02:00 It's a 6.5 square kilometre lump of rock famed as a home for monkeys on the southern most tip of the Iberian peninsula. Yet Gibraltar has suddenly become a pressure point in the opening weeks of the process that will see Britain exit the European Union. The spat even saw one former leader of the UK Conservative party imply that Britain could go to war over the status of the territory. The Conversation These are now two Nato allies, but the UK and Spain have been at odds for centuries about what to do with “the Rock”. Spain ceded Gibraltar to the UK in the wake of the War of Spanish Succession in the early 18th century, formally handing it over in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht. According to this treaty – still valid today – Spain handed over Gibraltar's fortress town and harbour, but without granting the UK territorial jurisdiction. The treaty also established that Gibraltar would have no direct communication with Spain, “the country round about”, and that if the UK were to sell Gibraltar or give it away, it should be offered to Spain first. But even though the treaty is very precise about what was ceded, it has proven open to two very different interpretations. To this day, the Spanish government understands that it ceded only what was explicitly mentioned in the treaty, and nothing else. In other words, in its view, the mountain that surrounds the town on Gibraltar was never ceded to the UK, and nor were the waters around the rock or the isthmus – the strip of land that connects it to the mainland. The British government, meanwhile, argues that because the cession was intended to be permanent, Gibraltar does in fact have territorial waters. The only reason this isn't recorded in the treaty is because waters were never explicitly mentioned or regulated by treaties at the time. These incompatible interpretations have never been reconciled. When Spain signed and ratified the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, it declared that it did not consider Gibraltar to be covered by the convention's provisions. The UK conversely issued a statement of its own, and maintains that Gibraltar is surrounded by three nautical miles of British territorial waters. Fences and fishermen As early as 1908-1909, the UK had unilaterally established a border by placing a fence between Gibraltar and the mainland. In 1964, the UN declared Gibraltar a non-autonomous territory pending decolonisation. Spain and the UK were supposed to negotiate this path together, keeping the interests of the people of Gibraltar at the centre of their talks. Both countries committed to resolving all their disagreements over Gibraltar in 1984, initiating what became known as the Brussels process. By 2002, these negotiations had ground to a halt. That same year, the government of Gibraltar called for a referendum to ask locals if they would accept shared sovereignty between the UK and Spain. Over 98% of voters said no. Another point of tension is Gibraltar's airport, which is on the disputed Isthmus. It was built by the British during World War II but in 2006, the two countries agreed to share the facility. Nevertheless, squabbling hasn't ceased. In 2014, the Spanish government managed to exclude Gibraltar from the Single European Sky initiative, through which European countries cooperate on aviation, saying it would not recognise the territory as a partner until the sovereignty question was settled. An air raid exercise on Gibraltar during World War II. Wikipedia In August 2012, Spanish fishermen and the government of Gibraltar reached an agreement that allowed fishermen to fish in the waters surrounding Gibraltar for a while. However, tensions between the UK and Spain escalated when the Gibraltar government decided in July 2013 to throw 72 cement blocks into the waters surrounding the rock to create an artificial reef. This unilateral action provoked the protests of the Spanish fishermen, who argued that the Gibraltar government was simply trying to prevent them from fishing in the waters. In retaliation, the Spanish government increased controls at the border and began expressing concern about cigarettes being smuggled from the Rock (where they are cheaper) into Spain. There was also talk of tax evasion, with companies operating from Gibraltar but doing business in Spain. Neither of these matters have been entirely resolved. The less than diplomatic rhetoric coming from Fabian Picardo, the chief minister of Gibraltar, has only added to tensions. During the artificial reef dispute, Picardo said “hell would freeze over” before he would remove the concrete blocks from the water and compared Spain to North Korea. That's not to say that the rhetoric coming from the Spanish government at the time helped much either. Then came Brexit Yet another issue has been the independence referendum held in Scotland in 2014. For Spain, the decision to allow part of the UK to vote on whether it should secede raised awkward questions about Catalonia, a region that has long called for the right to do the same. Mariano Rajoy, the Spanish prime minister, began warning that if it did break away from the UK, Scotland could not automatically assume it could remain a member of the EU. It would, he said, have to reapply as an independent nation. Brexit has added a new chapter to this history. There are particular tensions about whether Gibraltar should be allowed access to the single market during the transition period before Brexit. Right after the Brexit referendum, José Manuel García Margallo and Fabian Picardo exchanged heated and not very diplomatic remarks about the future of the Rock. More recently, Alfonso Dastis, Spanish minister for foreign affairs, has declared that Spain would not veto an independent Scotland from entering the EU, which has naturally not gone down well in London – although he made it clear that it would still have to apply for membership. And while Spain would prefer a soft to a hard Brexit, the matter of migration between Spain and the UK lingers in the air. The Spanish government is keen to protect the rights of Spanish citizens currently working in the UK but must itself work out what to do about the hundreds of thousands of Britons living within its own borders. Unfortunately, and not for the first time, inflammatory declarations are clouding the real questions that need to be answered about the Rock. Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío, Lecturer, Department of History, Politics & Philosophy, Manchester Metropolitan University Share this article From our sponsors 3,315 Jobs Click here to start your job search Popular articles
Custom Search June 25, 2008 Subtypes of vata Vata governs movement and air. Each subtype has a seat, or physical location in the body, and is responsible for certain physiological functions. But it's not quite as simple as that, because each dosha and subdosha has emotional, spiritual and psychological role to play, and they do not strictly fit within our ideas of physical limitations. They all interact and many functions are the result of a few sub dosha working together. If one is imbalanced, others will soon follow. Vata Prana Prana is the primary seat of Vata and indeed of all life. It means something like air, energy or life force. It is located between the bellybutton and the crown of the head moving downwards. Prana is internal and reflective, it receives and absorbs information, energy and substance. Prana governs inhalation, thought, learning, swallowing and creativity. Imbalanced prana may cause insomnia, anxiety or shortness of breath. Vata Udana Udana moves from the bellybutton up, governing expression. Udana governs change and transformation, giving us will power and the ability grow. Udana is responsible for speaking, burping, sneezing, and hiccoughs. Imbalanced Udana may cause tiredness, earache or a sore throat. Vata Apana Apana moves from the bellybutton downwards governing expulsion. Apana expels waste in the form of faeces and urine, but also pushes reproductive movement including semen and is responsible for child birth. It can also expel thoughts and emotions which are are negative or no longer useful. Imbalanced Apana can cause constipation or diarrhea, lower back pain or mentrual problems. Vata Samana Samana moves in a clockwise direction towards the bellybutton. It pushes food through the GI tract. Samana aids digestion of all substances including assimilation of thoughts or experiences, absorbing air in the lungs and all sensory intake. Imbalanced Samana may cause variable digestion, cramps and malnutrition or allergies. Vata Vyana Vyana moves clockwise away from the bellybutton. Vyana circulates blood, energy, warmth and information around the body. It moves other subdosha around the body to help them do their jobs. Vyana governs the rhythm of the heart and perspiration. Imbalanced Vyana may cause dry skin, dizziness, nervousness, pins and needles or intolerance to heat and cold. Find out about the subtypes of Pitta here. lothi said... WoW Thats quite a lot of information for me. Its a very nice Post.I came to know new things from this post. Very informative. Kylie said... Wow, it's so crazy that so much of this describes me perfectly. My vata prana, apana, and samana are all out of balance. Now if only I could figure out how to get back into balance!!! Anonymous said... Great Info!! How do we balance these vatas?Is it only by diet or by any other means? Julia said... I'm glad, I'll write a bit on the other dosha over the next few weeks. Julia said... Sorry Kylie, I don't mean I am glad your Vata is imbalanced! Though half the battle is diagnosis. Whatever you do don't worry about it too much, something is always imbalanced, and Vata imbalance is most likely to lead to worry. Just eat well, rest and try and have a regular routine when possible. lothi said... Hey julia there's a surprise for u in my blog! Do visit...
Chasity Gupton An easy to understand reference for your foot care and attention. Pes Planus Causes, Signs And Therapies Flat Feet Left untreated, fallen arches, or flat feet, not only cause pain but can lead to other serious foot and joint problems such as shin splints. With proper shoe selection and exercises you can begin to strengthen and restore the arches in your feet. If you are concerned about your fallen arches, consult with an experienced podiatrist. Your doctor examines your feet to determine two things, whether you have flat feet and the cause or causes. An exam may include the following steps, Checking your health history for evidence of illnesses or injuries that could be linked to flat feet or fallen arches, Looking at the soles of your shoes for unusual wear patterns, Observing the feet and legs as you stand and do simple movements, such as raising up on your toes, Testing the strength of muscles and tendons, including other tendons in the feet and legs, such as the Achilles tendon or the posterior tibial tendon, Taking X-rays or an MRI of your feet. fallen arches support Non Surgical Treatment Surgical Treatment Acquired Flat Feet Sit up straight in a chair with your feet flat on the ground. Scrunch up the toes of one foot as if you are trying to grab hold of the floor then use your toes to drag your foot a small distance forwards. Do this a couple of times on each foot, but don?t use your leg muscles to push your foot forward -- the movement should come solely from the muscles in your feet. Sit in a chair and place a cleaning cloth, towel or small ball on the floor at your feet. Use the toes of one foot to grasp the object and lift it off the floor. This action will require you to clench your toes and contract your arch. Once you have lifted the object a little way off the floor, try to throw it in the air and catch it by stretching your toes and arch out and upwards. Repeat the exercise several times on both feet. Sit on the floor with your legs straight out in front of you then bend your knees out to either side and place the soles of your feet together so your legs form a diamond. Hold on to your ankles and, keeping your heels together at all times, separate your feet so your toes point out to either side. Open and close your feet in this way several times, making sure your little toes stay in contact with the floor throughout the exercise. Starting in the same position, try separating your heels, keeping your toes together at all times. Remove all ads
Test 2.0 (Chicago) A) What was the importance (or infamy) of Bunce Island? Bunce Island would be considered infamous rather than famous. It was one of about 40 slave trading posts that European merchants built along the west coast of Africa. This island is where the slaves were purchased, imprisoned, and loaded on the ships that took them on the middle passage to America. B) Who was Edward Hopper and why was he important? Edward Hopper is the best-known American realist of the inter-war period. Some of his paintings include Apartment Houses, Lighthouse Hill, and Nighthawks. C) Who was Telemann? Georg Philipp Telemann was a German composer that mastered several musical instruments at a very young age. Telemann is often described as the most prolific composer in history. We heard some of Telemann’s work at the Chicago Symphany. D) What was India’s Great Kumbha Mela Pilgrimage? The Gret Kumbha MEla Pilgrimage is an enormous gathering that takes place four times every 12 years. Several events take place during this gathering including theatrical performances and the athletic and devotional practices of holy men. At the end of their journey, the pilgrims bath in sacred waters. E) What is the Great Rift? The Great Rift is located in East Africa. The Great Rift Valley has been a rich source of fossils that have enabled scientists to study human evolution. One of the richest areas is the area known as the Piedmont. F) What’s a savanna? A savanna is a grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being too small or too widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. G) What is Porte de L’Afrique? Porte de L’Afrique is a port into Africa. A painting by Roger Broders was made of Porte de L’Afrique. H) Identify 3 ingenious innovations of the people of MesoAmerica. 1) Their ability to master the making of weaponry 2) The invention of agriculture 3) They formed a type of writing called, glyphs 2. On our trip to Chicago, we visited many museums and viewed a great deal of art. It wasn’t until the DuSable Museum that I really began to appreciate the art that I was viewing. Our guide, DeMarcus, told us to look at the name of the painting, the date in which it was painted, and the name of the artist who constructed it before looking at the painting. He told us to do this because this may help us understand what the artist was feeling at the time. When we visited the Art Institute, I didn’t understand most of the paintings, especially the Picasso’s. Picasso liked to make paintings of people with body parts in an odd arrangement. Looking back on his work, I can now make a slightly more educated guess of what he was trying to get across to the viewer. Picasso may have been trying to represent how messed up and unusual the human species is, and possibly that not everyone is made the same. At the Islamic Center, we did not see a great deal of art. We did however see the stone temple that was placed in the direction of Mecca. Our guide at the Islamic Center told us that in order to lead the sermon you don’t have to be especially qualified. Anyone who is of Islam faith and has read the Koran can lead the sermon, and I thought that was kind of interesting. Our guide informed us that when they pray, they pray directly to God and that is why they don’t have any crosses or items like that. At the Spertus Museum, our guide showed us some artifacts that had been collected and given to the Museum of time. There were several artifacts, but to me the ones that stuck out the most were the toys. The little animals each had a mate in every column except for the column that represented the Holocaust. In that column there was only one animal and it was a bird. The bird was supposed to signify that the only way you could get out was to be a bird. We then went up to the art gallery. Each item in there was supposed to mean something to you and our guide repeatedly asked us that. “What does it mean to you?” 4. The first night we were in Chicago, we went to the Chicago Council and heard Reza Azlan speak. He spoke to us about what is going on in Afghanistan and the other troubled countries in the Middle East. Reza told us of the dividing line that separates the east from the west. The east consists of the nationalists or Islamists and the west consists of the transnationalists or jihadists. After listening to Reza speak and after listening to Dr. Ali speak, it makes me wonder who was telling the truth. Dr. Ali said that women were greatly respected in the Islamic community, but Reza said that women were very much mistreated. I would like to see the two of them sit in a room together and see what would happen. Reza told us that he believes that President Obama is not thinking realistically in his views on Palestine. Reza believes that Obama’s actions are actually going to hinder the progression of peace between the Palestinians and the Israelis. Listening to Reza, I believe that we are getting ourselves in too deep and it is going to take a disaster for Obama to realize this. By that time, however, it will be too late. Posted at 9:23 AM by Riley Watkins
This video has been making the rounds on Reddit and stacking up tons of positive comments. The narrator takes you through Russian history explaining how geography helped define the nation politically. Zach Noble of The Blaze provides a description: ‘Russia in a Nutshell’: Learn the Real Reasons Why Russia Is So Big — And So Brutal Geography determines destiny — so goes the historian’s saying. Does Russia’s geography explain the nation’s history of bloodshed, overbearing government, secret police and poverty — and does it explain why Vladimir Putin is such a bellicose president? In a video published on YouTube earlier this year, geopolitical guru Caspian Report took a look at Russia’s history and geography and made the essential connections: Occupying a vast, flat land without significant mountains or seas to serve as natural barriers, the Russian people were forced to become brutal and bureaucratic in order to survive. After throwing off Mongol and Tatar domination in the first half of the last millennium, Russia’s rulers found themselves in a “conquer or be conquered” situation, Caspian Report noted. Seeking security, Russia’s czars led their people on a massive quest to expand, taking over lands to the south, west and especially east. They could not keep invaders from attacking, but by taking over huge swathes of territory, Russia’s rulers could ensure that Russia always had a “backup plan” to fall back on — and that plan proved invaluable when Napoleon and Hitler came rampaging through. Anyone with an interest in history will find this entertaining and informative: The message in the video may explain some recent developments in Russia. Putin seems to think America has designs on Siberia. No, really. Robert Mackey of the New York Times reported: Speaking to reporters in Moscow on Thursday, Russia’s president, Vladimir V. Putin, claimed that economic sanctions were not primarily a response to the annexation of Crimea but part of a long-running plot by Western powers to weaken his nation and steal its natural resources. As evidence, Mr. Putin cited first what he called “direct and fully fledged support for terrorism in the North Caucasus” in the immediate aftermath of the Soviet Union’s demise. Then, he said, even before Russia annexed Crimea earlier this year, “unprecedented and clearly orchestrated attempts were made to discredit our efforts to organize and host the Olympics” in Sochi. Finally, after an extended detour into metaphor, with Mr. Putin comparing Russia to its national symbol, the bear — beset, he said, by enemies who wish to seize its territory — he referred to one last piece of evidence that he was only acting to protect his nation from the aggressive designs of the West. “We have heard it even from high-level officials,” he said, “that it is unfair that the whole of Siberia with its immense resources belongs to Russia in its entirety.” Hey Vlad, the 80’s called… Featured image via YouTube.
Secret meanings on a dollar bill Take out a one dollar bill and look at it. The one dollar bill you're looking at first came off the presses in 1957 in its present design. This so-called paper money is in fact a cotton and linen blend, with red and blue minute silk fibers running through it. It is actually material. We've all washed it without it falling apart. A special blend of ink is used, the contents we will never know. It is overprinted with symbols and then it is starched to make it water resistant and pressed to give it that nice crisp look. If you look on the front of the bill, you will see the United States Treasury Seal. On the top you will see the scales for balance - a balanced budget. In the center you have a carpenter's T-square, a tool used for an even cut. Underneath is the Key to the United States Treasury. That's all pretty easy to figure out, but what is on the back of that dollar bill is something we should all know. If you look at the left hand circle, you will see a Pyramid. Notice the face is lighted and the western side is dark. This country was just beginning. We had not begun to explore the West or decided what we could do for Western Civilization. The Pyramid is un-capped, again signifying that we were not even close to being finished. Inside the capstone, you have the all-seeing eye, an ancient symbol for divinity. It was Franklin's belief that one man couldn't do it alone, but a group of men, with the help of God, could do anything. "IN GOD WE TRUST" is on this currency. The Latin above the pyramid, ANNUIT COEPTIS, means "God has favored our undertaking." The Latin below the pyramid, NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM, means "a new order has begun." At the base of the pyramid is the Roman Numeral for 1776. If you look at the right-hand circle, and check it carefully, you will learn that it is on every National Cemetery in the United States. It is also on the Parade of Flags Walkway at the Bushnell, Florida National Cemetery and is the centerpiece of most hero's monuments. Slightly modified, it is the seal of the President of the United States and it is always visible whenever he speaks, yet no one knows what the symbols mean. The Bald Eagle was selected as a symbol for victory for two reasons: First, he is not afraid of a storm; he is strong and he is smart enough to soar above it. Secondly, he wears no material crown. We had just broken from the King of England. Also, notice the shield is unsupported. This country can now stand on its own. At the top of that shield, you have a white bar signifying congress, a unifying factor. We were coming together as one nation. In the Eagle's beak you will read, "E PLURIBUS UNUM", meaning "one nation from many people." Above the Eagle you have thirteen stars representing the thirteen original colonies, and any clouds of misunderstanding rolling away. Again, we were coming together as one. Notice what the Eagle holds in his talons. He holds an olive branch and arrows. This country wants peace, but we will never be afraid to fight to preserve peace. The Eagle always wants to face the olive branch, but in time of war, his gaze turns toward the arrows. They say that the number 13 is an unlucky number. This is almost a worldwide belief. You will usually never see a room numbered 13, or any hotels or motels with a 13th floor. But, think about this: 13 original colonies, 13 signers of the Declaration of Independence, 13 stripes on our flag, 13 steps on the Pyramid, 13 letters in the Latin above, 13 letters in "E Pluribus Unum", 13 stars above the Eagle, 13 plumes of feathers on each span of the Eagle's wing, 13 bars on that shield, 13 leaves on the olive branch, 13 fruits, and if you look closely, 13 arrows. And for minorities: the 13th Amendment. I always ask people, "Why don't you know this?" Your children don't know this and their history teachers don't know this. Too many veterans have given up too much to ever let the meaning fade. Many veterans remember coming home to an America that didn't care. Too many veterans never came home at all. Tell everyone what is on the back of the one dollar bill and what it stands for, because nobody else will.
Sunday, May 8, 2011 Programming Skills – VII (WTAD) 640012 p2 1. Write a Servlet to display all the headers available from request 2. Write a Servlet to display parameters available on request. 3. Write a Servlet to display all the attributes available from request and context. 4. Write a Servlet which displays a message and also displays how many times the message has been displayed (how many times the page has been visited). 5. Assume that we have got three pdf files for the MCA-1 Syllabus, MCA-2 Syllabus and MCA-3 Syllabus respectively, Now write a Servlet which displays the appropriate PDF file to the client, by looking at a request parameter for the year (1, 2 or 3). 6. Assume that the information regarding the marks for all the subjects of a student in the last exam are available in a database, Develop a Servlet which takes the enrollment number of a student as a request parameter and displays the marksheet for the student. 7. Devlop A Servlet to which looks for cookies for username and Password, and forword to a home.jsp in case the cookies are valid and forword to a login.jsp in case the cookies are not found or the cookies are not valid. 8. Devlop a Servlet to authenticate a user,where the login id and password are available as request parameter.In case the authentication is successful,it should setup a new session and store the user’s information in the session before forwarding to home.jsp, which displays a user informations. 9. Write a simple JSP pages to display a simple message. 10. Write A JSP Page, which uses the include directive to show its header and footer Prepared By: Student of B. H. Gardi College of Eng. & Tech., MCA Department (Nisarg Juthani, Kajal Savjani, Desai Paresh, Ramoliya Nilesh, Thanki Ravi.....) No comments: Post a Comment
Open Systems, Standards, and Protocols Today I start looking at the subject of TCP/IP by covering some background information you will need to put TCP/IP in perspective, and to understand why the TCP/IP protocols were designed the way they are. This chapter covers some important information, including the following: What an open system is How an open system handles networking Why standards are required How standards for protocols like TCP/IP are developed What a protocol is The OSI protocols You might be eager to get started with the nitty-gritty of the TCP/IP protocols, or to find out how to use the better-known services like FTP and Telnet. If you have a specific requirement to satisfy (such as how to transfer a file from one system to another), by all means use the Table of Contents to find the section you want. But if you want to really understand TCP/IP, you will need to wade through the material in this chapter. It's not complicated, although there are quite a few subjects to be covered. Luckily, none of it requires memorization; more often than not it is a matter of setting the stage for something else I discuss in the next week or so. So don't get too overwhelmed by this chapter! Open Systems This is a book about a family of protocols called TCP/IP, so why bother looking at open systems and standards at all? Primarily because TCP/IP grew out of the need to develop a standardized communications procedure that would inevitably be used on a variety of platforms. The need for a standard, and one that was readily available to anyone (hence open), was vitally important to TCP/IP's success. Therefore, a little background helps put the design of TCP/IP into perspective. More importantly, open systems have become de rigueur in the current competitive market. The term open system is bandied around by many people as a solution for all problems (to be replaced occasionally by the term client/server), but neither term is usually properly used or understood by the people spouting them. Understanding what an open system really is and what it implies leads to a better awareness of TCP/IP's role on a network and across large internetworks like the Internet. In a similar vein, the use of standards ensures that a protocol such as TCP/IP is the same on each system. This means that your PC can talk to a minicomputer running TCP/IP without special translation or conversion routines. It means that an entire network of different hardware and operating systems can work with the same network protocols. Developing a standard is not a trivial process. Often a single standard involves more than a single document describing a software system. A standard often involves the interrelationship of many different protocols, as does TCP/IP. Knowing the interactions between TCP/IP and the other components of a communications system is important for proper configuration and optimization, and to ensure that all the services you need are available and interworking properly. What Is an Open System? There are many definitions of open systems, and a single, concise definition that everyone is happy with is far from being accepted. For most people, an open system is best loosely defined as one for which the architecture is not a secret. The description of the architecture has been published or is readily available to anyone who wants to build products for a hardware or software platform. This definition of an open system applies equally well to hardware and software. When more than a single vendor begins producing products for a platform, customers have a choice. You don't particularly like Nocrash Software's network monitoring software? No problem, because FaultFree Software's product runs on the Nocrash hardware, and you like its fancy interface much better. You need a more colorful graphical front-end to your Whizbang PC than the one Whizbang provides? Download one from Super Software through the Internet, and it works perfectly. The primary idea, of course, is a move away from proprietary platforms to one that is multivendor. A decade ago, open systems were virtually nonexistent. Each hardware manufacturer had a product line, and you were practically bound to that manufacturer for all your software and hardware needs. Some companies took advantage of the captive market, charging outrageous prices or forcing unwanted configurations on their customers. The groundswell of resentment grew to the point that customers began forcing the issue. The lack of choice in software and hardware purchases is why several dedicated minicomputer and mainframe companies either went bankrupt or had to accept open system principles: their customers got fed up with relying on a single vendor. A good example of a company that made the adaptation is Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). They moved from a proprietary operating system on their VMS minicomputers to a UNIX-standard open operating system. By doing that, they kept their customers happy, and they sold more machines. That's one of the primary reasons DEC is still in business today. UNIX is a classic example of an open software platform. UNIX has been around for 30 years. The source code for the UNIX operating system was made available to anyone who wanted it, almost from the start. UNIX's source code is well understood and easy to work with, the result of 30 years of development and improvement. UNIX can be ported to run on practically any hardware platform, eliminating all proprietary dependencies. The attraction of UNIX is not the operating system's features themselves but simply that a UNIX user can run software from other UNIX platforms, that files are compatible from one UNIX system to another (except for disk formats), and that a wide variety of vendors sell products for UNIX. The growth of UNIX pushed the large hardware manufacturers to the open systems principle, resulting in most manufacturers licensing the right to produce a UNIX version for their own hardware. This step let customers combine different hardware systems into larger networks, all running UNIX and working together. Users could move between machines almost transparently, ignorant of the actual hardware platform they were on. Open systems, originally of prime importance only to the largest corporations and governments, is now a key element in even the smallest company's computer strategy. Although UNIX is a copyrighted work now owned by X/Open, the details of the operating system have been published and are readily available to any developer who wants to produce applications or hardware that work with the operating system. UNIX is unique in this respect. The term open system networking means many things, depending on whom you ask. In its broadest definition, open system networking refers to a network based on a well-known and understood protocol (such as TCP/IP) that has its standards published and readily available to anyone who wants to use them. Open system networking also refers to the process of networking open systems (machaine-specific hardware and software) using a network protocol. It is easy to see why people want open systems networking, though. Three services are widely used and account for the highest percentage of network traffic: file transfer, electronic mail, and remote login. Without open systems networking, setting up any of these three services would be a nightmare. File transfers enable users to share files quickly and efficiently, without excessive duplication or concerns about the transport method. Network file transfers are much faster than an overnight courier crossing the country, and usually faster than copying a file on a disk and carrying it across the room. File transfer is also extremely convenient, which not only pleases users but also eliminates time delays while waiting for material. A common open system governing file transfers means that any incompatibilities between the two machines transferring files can be overcome easily. Electronic mail has mushroomed to a phenomenally large service, not just within a single business but worldwide. The Internet carries millions of messages from people in government, private industry, educational institutions, and private interests. Electronic mail is cheap (no paper, envelope, or stamp) and fast (around the world in 60 seconds or so). It is also an obvious extension of the computer-based world we work in. Without an open mail system, you wouldn't have anywhere near the capabilities you now enjoy. Finally, remote logins enable a user who is based on one system to connect through a network to any other system that accepts him as a user. This can be in the next workgroup, the next state, or in another country. Remote logins enable users to take advantage of particular hardware and software in another location, as well as to run applications on another machine. Once again, without an open standard, this would be almost impossible. Posted bySumedh at 7:22 AM Post a Comment
Friday, August 19, 2011 Gas Turbine Engines Considering about the automobile industry this is one of an advanced engine module that is designed to get huge power in small area. But these kinds of engines take more and more fuel to generate the power. Gas turbine engines are mostly used in aircrafts. Basically there are four kinds of gas turbine engines. They are divided by the way they generate the power. • Turbofan engine • Turbo shaft engine • Turbo propeller engine • Turbo jet engine The gas turbine engine has 3 major units called • Compressor • Combustion chamber • Turbine The task of the compressor is to compress the air that takes into the engine. In this unit it has several layers of compressing fans. In each layer it compresses the air that is taken into the engine. The shape of the outer chamber and the shape of the inner fan layer help to make the successful compression of gas. When the engine start working this compressor is also started to rotate and compress the air. Combustion Chamber This is the unit that fuel is taken place to burn and makes the energy. In this chamber there are several fuel nozzles and those nozzles inject the fuel directly into the chamber. This is the place that makes the energy and because of that the temperature is increasing so much. So the materials should bare that temperature so it uses very tough materials. This is the last unit of the gas turbine engine. In this unit energy of the burned air is converted to kinetic energy. Using several layers of turbine sets it is converted to the kinetic energy. After going through the turbine the burned air is exist to the atmosphere. All those three units are connected together by using a special rod. How it works? The first step needs external power and by using that external power the engine should rotate. For that engine has a starter motor which can start the rotation of the whole unit. When start the rotation compressor compress the air and intake is happening. Then the fuel nozzles start to inject the fuel to the chamber. Then spark plugs are starting to make sparks. The specialty of this spark is it sparks continuously about few seconds (about 8 sec) and never sparks for the whole engine running state. Consider about the normal gasoline internal combustion engine it always spark frequently according to the timing that is adjusted. But this spark is only one time for the whole stating state. But the fuel injectors are always injecting the fuel to the combustion chamber, not as in the gasoline internal combustion engine. So it needs more and more fuel to keep the continuous running state. Then the flame continuously burn and gas go through the turbine. When the burning is start the speed of the gas is increased to hundreds of miles per hour and that gas needs to flow out. The only way to flow out is to going through turbine. Then gas goes through the turbine and it makes kinetic energy on the turbine and it is rotating because of that energy. Now it can rotate the rotating units in combustion chamber and the compressor because all those units are connected through the rod. Then the external power is no more needed and engine starts to self run. That is how the gas turbine engine works. The way of energy that is taken out from the engine makes the difference of the engine type. Turbojet Engine In this engine it makes power by thrusting the compressed air to the atmosphere. These kinds of engines are usually used in supersonic jets. Because it needs thrusting power to push the vehicle. Turbofan engine In this engine the shaft itself rotate another fan that makes thrusts on the air. This is very advanced engine. Because very short type of engine makes so much thrusting power. These kinds of engines are used in the passenger aircraft. Turbo propeller engine In this engine the shaft itself rotate the propeller that that thrust the air to backside. Now a day’s these types of engines are not much popular. These engines are used in a small personal kind of aircrafts. Turbo shaft engine In these types of engine the shaft is taken out to the engine. This shaft can be used to rotate any kind of machinery. Normally these types of engines are used in helicopters. That is how this turbo engines are working on. Those are the basic functions of the turbo engines and the basic concepts of turbo engine. 1. that was really useful for me , thanks a lot also i wonder that did you make the graphics of these engines ? if yes , how did you make it ? 1. Thanks for your comment... Actually these graphics are not made by me. But I can't remember the place where I have taken them.
Pierrefonds Comprehensive High School \| Pierrefonds, QC 514 • 626 • 9610 International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme themed object 13800 Pierrefonds Boulevard, Pierrefonds H9A 1A7 C. Galley Assessment - Language Acquisition The MYP requires the study of at least two languages to support students in understanding their own cultures and those of others. At PCHS, we offer three languages: English (as described in Language and Literature) French (at the proficient level) Spanish (at the emergent level) Table 1 Here are the key concepts to be explored across the MYP. The key concepts contributed by the study of language acquisition are communication, connections, creativity and culture. Aesthetics Change Communication Communities Connections Creativity Culture Development Form Global Interactions Identity Logic Perspective Relationships Systems Time, place and space These key concepts provide a framework for language acquisition, informing units of work and helping to organize teaching and learning. Communication is the exchange or transfer of signals, facts, ideas and symbols. It requires a sender, a message and an intended receiver. Communication involves the activity of conveying information or meaning. Effective communication requires a common “language” (which may be written, spoken or nonverbal). Through the exploration of language and the process of learning language, we exchange, express and transform information, facts, ideas, meanings and opinions. Communication is the basis of what makes us human and bridges communities across the globe; it is the essence of this discipline. Connections are links, bonds and relationships among people, objects, organisms or ideas. Linguistic and literary connections exist across time, cultures and across oral, visual and written texts. This concept is central to the study of language and allows for the exploration of language, applying knowledge of, and about, the language, and relationships between text, creator and audience. Creativity is the process of generating novel ideas and considering existing ideas from new perspectives. Creativity includes the ability to recognize the value of ideas when developing innovative responses to problems; it may be evident in process as well as outcomes, products or solutions. Creativity is nurtured through the process of learning language as this process involves us in divergent thinking, applying ideas, taking risks and expressing ourselves in order to relate to, and interact with, the world. Culture encompasses a range of learned and shared beliefs, values, interests, attitudes, products, ways of knowing and patterns of behaviour created by human communities. The concept of culture is dynamic and organic. Learning the language of a community provides opportunities to embrace diversity, to interact with sensitivity and empathy, and to participate in meaningful global interactions, which in turn develops sociocultural competence and intercultural awareness leading to international-mindedness. Assessment Information Assessment for language acquisition in all years of the programme is criterion-related, based on four equally weighted assessment criteria Criterion A Comprehending spoken and visual text Maximum 8 Criterion B Comprehending written and visual text Maximum 8 Criterion C Communicating in response to spoken and/or written and/or visual text Maximum 8 Criterion D Using language in spoken and/or written form Maximum 8 Copyright IBO 2014 slide up button
28 September 2010 Jeopardy, based on the American game show, is an easy game because you don't need a lot of props. * Chalkboard, white board, or laminated grid * List of categories (5-6) * List of questions * Paper or individual white boards for each team Set up Draw a 5x5 or 6x5 grid on the board (depending on how many categories you have). If you plan to play this a lot, you can draw the grid on a large piece of poster board, laminate it, and then use erasable markers so that you can reuse it. Write the categories in the top row of squares, and then point values: 100 in the first row below the categories, 200 in the second row, up to 500 in the bottom row (see sample grid, below). Prepare a list of questions for each category based on point values - easy questions for the low points, hard questions for the high points. Divide the class into 4 or 5 teams and make sure each team has something to write on and with. How to play A member of the first team picks a category and point value (e.g., Animals, 100 points). The teacher reads out the question or statement, and each team writes down the answer on their white board or paper. Teacher gives that point value to each team that has the correct answer, and erases or crosses that category/point value from the grid. A student from one of the teams with the right answer gets to choose the next category and point value. Variations and ideas Use for verb practice / conjugations, vocabulary, sentence building, negation, etc. Have the students make up the questions. To increase the competition, you can give each team a bell - only the team that rings the bell first gets the points if they are correct. If they don't have the right answer, the next team can try. You can even be more like real Jeopardy by requiring answers in the form of a question. No comments:
• You're all caught up! Anti-Mucus Diet Anti-Mucus Diet Small bowl of hummus on plate. Photo Credit tashka2000/iStock/Getty Images Mucus can be a good thing, helping to trap dirt and germs and keeping you from getting infections. However, in larger amounts it can be irritating, making you cough and giving you a sore throat. Avoiding certain foods can help minimize mucus production, but it can also make it hard to get enough of certain nutrients, so only do this for a short time or with the help of a registered dietitian or doctor. Foods You May Be Allergic To Eggs, milk, soy, fish, shellfish, wheat, tree nuts and milk are the foods most likely to cause food allergies. If you're allergic to these foods, eating them could lead to an increase in mucus. However, avoiding these foods if you're not allergic to them is unlikely to reduce the amount of mucus you produce. This is even the case with milk, despite a common belief that milk and dairy products increase mucus production. A study published in the "Journal of the American College of Nutrition" in 2005 found that drinking milk didn't cause people who had the common cold to produce more mucus. Foods Containing or Producing Histamine Histamine may cause your nose to make more mucus, especially when you have an allergy or are under stress. Some types of fish, such as anchovies, smoked fish, sardines and mackerel, contain histamine. Tomatoes, spinach, eggplant, avocados, mushrooms and dried fruits also contain histamine, as do aged cheese, alcohol, cider, yogurt, vinegar, sour cream, processed meats and fermented foods. While strawberries, shellfish, papayas, pineapple, bananas, chocolate and eggs don't contain histamine, they can cause your body to release it, making them foods to avoid on the anti-mucus diet. Other Foods That May Increase Mucus Other foods you may want to avoid, at least temporarily, to limit mucus include sugar, excessive amounts of salt, food additives, preservatives, cabbage, meat, potatoes and corn. Eating fewer processed foods, less salt and sugar and less meat will make your overall diet healthier, as long as you take extra care to get all of the essential nutrients in appropriate amounts. An anti-mucus diet limits so many foods that this can be difficult. Foods That Decrease Mucus Production Besides eating less of foods that may increase mucus production, eat more of foods that may decrease the amount of mucus your body makes. These include nuts, seeds, lemon, pickles, onions, garlic, horseradish, watercress, parsley, rose hips tea and celery. Many of these foods can be used to add flavor to your food without salt, which can increase mucus production. Make a salad that includes watercress, onions and celery topped with a dressing containing lemon juice, olive oil and parsley. For a snack, make hummus with chickpeas, parsley, pine nuts, olive oil, garlic, lemon juice and tahini and serve it with your favorite dipping vegetables. LiveStrong Calorie Tracker • Gain 2 pounds per week • Gain 1.5 pounds per week • Gain 1 pound per week • Gain 0.5 pound per week • Maintain my current weight • Lose 0.5 pound per week • Lose 1 pound per week • Lose 1.5 pounds per week • Lose 2 pounds per week • Female • Male ft. in. Demand Media
PLP Advisors, LLC Financial Advisor Continues His Economic Outlook Discussion Tubbergen provides podcasts of his radio shows on his website. Whether people enjoy his weekly newsletter at or his blog at, Tubbergen is dedicated to sharing his viewpoints and opinions. On July 24, 2013 his blog was titled The Economy and Outlook - Part Three. "By studying history and understanding what happens when policymakers print money and what happens when debt levels reach unsustainable levels, one might better understand how to navigate today’s difficult environment and manage IRA assets," began Tubbergen. "We’ll look at an example from history." Below he quotes from his blog. The Weimar, Germany hyperinflation after World War One is often cited as one of the worst hyperinflations that the world has ever seen. Germany used the printing press to finance the war. The country justified its use by rationalizing that they would win the war quickly and use the spoils gained from winning the war to finance it. This money printing created inflation and many German soldiers began to abandon the military since it was difficult to make ends meet on military pay in a highly inflationary environment. Germany eventually lost the war. The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June of 1919, imposed huge reparations on Germany after the war. The payment demands made of Germany were so great the country could never pay them with “honest” money. So, the money printing continued. By September of 1920, as a result of money printing, inflation accelerated. Prices were 12 times higher than they had been before the war. Food had accounted for about half a family’s budget before the war, but now food expenditures consumed about three-quarters of a family’s budget. Germany, saddled with bills it couldn’t pay from a war it couldn’t afford, continued money printing. It didn’t take long for the cost of basic staples to become out of reach for most German families. The German Mark was 35,000 to the British pound at Christmas 1922 but by the end of January the Mark touched 227,500 to the pound. At the end of September of 1923, the German Chancellor declared a state of emergency and put Germany under military rule. In November of 1923, the German government issued a new currency linked to something tangible, land and industrial goods. This stabilized the currency and after a brief recovery in 1924, the deflationary forces of debt kicked in. Companies declared bankruptcy and unemployment soared. Money printing causes inflation. Unsustainable debt levels cause deflation. When money printing occurs with enormous debt levels, inflation may result for a while, but history demonstrates that deflation cannot be avoided. "Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding father of the United States understood this relationship between money printing and debt excesses," explained Tubbergen. "He warned, 'If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the people of all property until their children wake up homeless on the continent their Fathers conquered.'" To read the blog in its entirety go to and select his July 24, 2013 entry. About Dennis Tubbergen
Paper Bedes The word bead is derived from the old English noun bede which means prayer and is one of the earliest human ornaments which evoke spirituality. Perkins’ contemporary analogy of ancient spiritual devotion invites contemplation and represents commemoration of loss and a vigil for the end of violence. Susan’s meditative three-dimensional works are characterized with beads of remembrance. The handmade beads are constructed using strips of paper torn from her ink drawings. Each paper strip is inscribed with the name of an individual lost due to a mass shooting, then rolled and attached to a woven painted paper grid. The quality of the grid plays off light and shadow accentuating the empty space between; what is missing is just as important as what is present.
4. How to randomize II? (by Rachel Glennester) Following the previous session, Rachel provides a complete recap of the methods of randomization (see session 3), pointing out their advantages and drawbacks according to different contexts. Also, the randomization methodology we choose is important for the level of randomization we will use (individual, household, community, institution, etc.): the lower the level of randomization, the bigger the statistical power of the outcomes. Throughout the description of the Balsakhi Program Rachel gives an example of multiple treatment, necessary when we want to answer several questions with one unique experiment. The difficulty is to keep the assignment of the program random, isolating the different impacts we want to estimate. While assignment must be random, the outcomes analysis can be split into subgroups. Stratification is always an useful tool when we randomize, a must in case of small sample size. Stratification has to occur before the randomization and, especially, on variables we think have a significant impact on the final outcome and on subgroups we are particularly interested in. Finally, when we randomize we need a list of the whole sample (treatment and control) we want to study. Then, we are able to randomize, usually using a random number generator (with Excel or Stata). Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Why are Industrial Metal Buildings Becoming so Famous? Industrial Metal BuildingsImage Industrial Metal Buildings The trend for metal buildings is increasing every passing day. Industrialists are continuously inclining towards these structures. Industrial steel buildings are now a common trend. These buildings have numerous benefits as compared to traditional wooden and brick made structures. Farmers and the rest of business community are keener to adapt assets that are economical to procure and maintain. Cost cutting have now become an important aspect of businesses today. In this regard, industrial steel buildings are playing their best role. There are various benefits of industrial steel buildings. The fact is that these buildings are cheaper and stronger. What else would the business community desire? Industrialists prefer these structures for a varied array of operational needs due to their astonishing properties. The material used in industrial metal buildings has amazing mechanical and aesthetic properties that make them the best choice of industrial and commercial purpose. This material is especially galvanized to increase its resistance against corrosion and rust. Also, the metal is trusted by engineers and architects throughout the world for its capability of confrontation it offers to severe climates, such as heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, heavy snowfall and other climatic variations that could possibly damage structures in any way. There are various uses of industrial metal buildings. These structures are heavily used by industrialists as warehouses and factories. Industrial steel buildings are also used as plants and manufacturing facilities. In industries, they are also used as huge workshops for repair, maintenance and other technical activities. At last, we can conclude that they are the best value for money and no industrialist can go wrong with industrial steel buildings. Types and Uses of Agricultural Steel Buildings Agricultural Steel Buildings come in a variety of designs, structures, and types. The style and build up of these buildings considerably is dependent upon the business operations they are meant for. These days, businesses are providing personalized products, which facilitate the farmers to plan their particular metal building in accordance with their requirements. Agricultural Steel Buildings Agricultural Steel Buildings Types and Uses of Agricultural Buildings: There are different types of agricultural steel buildings. The layout and plan of these structures varies as most of them are customized and tailor made according to the business requirements of their owners. However, agricultural steel buildings could be generally categorized into the following categories: Barns: These agricultural steel buildings are primarily used for sheltering livestock and storing crops. They are usually enclosed structures. Farm houses: Farm houses might be used for residential purpose, as a waiting area or as office structure. These buildings are usually made up of steel, with beautiful interior and furniture. They are used as guest houses, cafeterias, and rest rooms for the workers of the farm. Agricultural metal Sheds: There are sheds for chicken (known as chicken coups), there are sheds for horses which are known as horse sheds. Sheds are usually fully customized as the needs and requirements for every kind of sheds vary. These might be enclosed structures with a hut attached to keep the livestock and valuables protected from sunlight and rainfall. They are better options for regions where summers are hot as they are usually more airy than barns. Sports Complexes: Yes. You heard it right. There are agricultural steel buildings, which are actually meant for sports purposes. These structures are also known as riding arenas or horse riding arenas or horse racing arenas. Agricultural steel Garages /workshops: Though garages in general might not be a part of agricultural steel buildings, these structures are parts of agricultural set up and the vehicles of farms, such as tractors, are parked and maintained in these structures. Bespoke Metal Buildings are the Best Metal Buildings commercial metal buildings commercial metal buildings You might have realized that marvelous metal buildings are showing up everywhere around your neighborhood and thought why is the trend of steel buildings increasing day by day. There are some pretty good reasons for this increased trend. Most of these buildings are bespoke metal buildings that are tailor exactly in accordance with the specifications provided by the customers to the multinational companies that deal in steel buildings business. Wooden frame buildings are prone to termites and mildew and corrode easily and rapidly, as compared to their metal counterparts that are immune to such insects. Whenever you purchase or sell a property, you’re needed to get a “termite report” to examine all the deterioration these creatures have done to your building, along with little report is a summary of destruction from caused due to rotting and condensation. A typical underlying cause for why some people would just purchase bespoke metal buildings is the fact that termites don’t nibble on steel, whereas steel does not rot or corrode. Wooden structures, in contrast, are an easy target for termites and even if you clean those rotting and insects, they tend to regroup and show up again. Why are Commercial Metal Buildings Popular Commercial Metal Buildings Commercial Metal Buildings Not only residential steel buildings, but Commercial metal buildings are also very popular today. A metal building is a wise alternative for almost any private or commercial building you could be considering getting set up in your backyard or farm because of the several benefits it offer. Many of the structures these days, particularly in metropolitan areas, are manufactured with metal, primarily steel. Steel is although, used since ancient era, the commercial use of steel began when man was capable of producing high-grade steel on mass level and that too, in cheaper production costs. This led to what we call today, the commercial metal buildings. An organization that has some expertise in making commercial metal buildings can construct sound steel structures. Generally, metal buildings include prefabricated metal buildings (which has modules prebuilt in factories), portable steel buildings (which can be transported from one place to another), and repair and maintenance garages and workshops. In short, you will get a property constructed with fully galvanized steel. Merits of these structures are mentioned below. . A lot of the sections that are made for customers are pre-assembled which means that that it is built up at the manufacturing plant before it is transported to the construction site . This is a much less complicated and trouble-free solution than carrying over the materials to the site and developing it on-site. It is rather extremely vital that existing buildings be made up from steel. Commercial metal buildings are durable whereas they can withstand any kind of harsh climatic conditions. Commercial metal buildings can prove to be a good addition to your portfolio. Numerous business enterprises like to make use of these structures to house their operations. You can also find residential steel buildings that are fully functional and operational. . Warehouses, workshops, and storage structures are made up of this incredibly amazing material, steel. . Considering its favorable characteristics, it is very suitable for a variety of operations. For one may confidently consider these structures for any kind of venture. . Metal Buildings with Living Quarters Metal Buildings Metal Buildings Steel has long been used and still proves to be popular among constructors and mechanical engineers. Looking around, you can observe that metal buildings with living quarters are the most ideal structures both for residential and small offices at home. Wherever you go, you can notice a clear difference in different types of architectural structures with metal as its primary material of construction. Their attributes make it very well-liked for different types of structures, as compared to conventional timber and brick structures. It was during the World War II, when metal buildings with living quarters become popular, mainly in America. After the Second World War, steel was significantly used for varieties of buildings; a lot of houses were completely destroyed during war and rehabilitation at a minimum likely time, needed to be achieved. An increasing number of structures had been manufactured employing steel since it carries recognized attributes and features as a structural material. The construction industry advanced along with the time. This outstanding revolution was caused by the integration of computer-aided style and design application; its emergence in the field of construction noted an advancement and improvement in the architectural structures. Using these computer software, mankind managed to build much more sophisticated techniques, and more complex buildings. Several Types of steel buildings are mentioned below: • Straight-walled – This building is named so due to its external structure, which is straight walled. • Arched metal buildings – it is the most affordable as well as most structurally-sound kind of metal buildings, which are widely used in farming • Quonset Structures: These structures are semi-circle from above and are easiest and cheapest to build Metal Buildings with living quarters might be made on the basis of any of the above steel structural design. Advantages of metal buildings with Living Quarters These are considerably more inexpensive in comparison to building structures making use of wood and bricks. Metal needs a hassle-free procedure for engineering and installation that makes it undoubtedly less expensive to construct. In addition, metal buildings with living quarters need very little to absolutely no upkeep at all. Metal buildings are not susceptible to unwanted insects and termites; whereas these structures are more advantageous buildings to endure precipitation, thunderstorms, flames, snowy weather and occasionally, perhaps earthquakes. In comparison with wooden buildings, structures which are manufactured from metal could be conveniently upgraded, in case needed to be upgraded. Additionally, it is a lot hassle-free for metal buildings to be customized as it is reasonably priced; in fact it is quite simple to put extra location. Additionally, you would not have to fret about the need to integrate heating and air conditioning system into the structure, simply because structures composed of metal enable such modifications and up gradation. . Steel Buildings are quite strong buildings that are suitable for any kind of environment. They are versatile structures and can be built for residential, commercial or farming purposes. No matter what might be your requirements, metal is a superb structural option. Particularly, if you are worried about longevity and toughness of your structure, there is absolutely no further alternative that you can make. Metal continues to be among the ever longest standing structural materials which are proving to be robust in present and the upcoming years.
Oysters for Coastal Restoration More than a seafood delicacy, oysters are an incredible natural resource. They are extremely helpful to our environment by filtering water, providing habitat, and controlling erosion. Adult oysters may filter up to two and a half gallons of water per hour, which in turn improves water quality. Oysters build reefs that provide habitat for fish, shrimp, crabs, and other aquatic animals. Oyster larvae need the hard, shell surface for settlement and growth. A special focus that has been put on oysters recently is their ability to control land erosion. Oyster reefs have been constructed along eroding shorelines in an effort to lessen wave energy and ultimately reduce erosion. Seven of our nation’s fifteen largest shipping ports are located along the Gulf of Mexico. The wakes created by the cargo ships heighten erosion along an already disappearing coastline. Globally, it is estimated that 85% of oyster reefs have been lost. Large-scale restoration projects can create man-made oyster reefs that duplicate many of the benefits of natural reefs. Oysters and the massive reefs provide a foundation for a healthy ecosystem. The Coalition to Restore Coastal Louisiana (CRCL) founded the Oyster Shell Recycling Program in 2014. This program collects shells from New Orleans area restaurants and utilizes the shells to restore fading oyster reefs that protect Louisiana’s coastline. A majority of shell removed from the coast is not returned back to the waters. It is vital to Louisiana’s disappearing coastline that oyster shells are brought back to help as a line of defense for coastal restoration. Did you know: CWPPRA has protected, created, or restored approximately 96,806 acres of wetlands in Louisiana. The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act has funded coastal restoration projects for 26 years. Presently, CWPPRA has 153 total active projects, 108 completed projects, 17 active construction projects, 23 projects currently in Engineering and Design and has enhanced more than 355,647 acres of wetlands . These projects provide for the long-term conservation of wetlands and dependent fish and wildlife populations. Projects funded by CWPPRA are cost-effective ways of restoring, protecting, and enhancing coastal wetlands. CWPPRA has a proven track record of superior coastal restoration science and monitoring technique in Louisiana. The success of the CWPPRA program has been essential in providing critical ecosystem stabilization along Louisiana’s coast and has provided pioneering solutions for land loss. Visit CWPPRA’s website for more information! Plants of the Wetlands smooth cordgrassFound at the interfaces of land formations and water, smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) is an herbaceous, native grass that densely inhabits shorelines. Compact, vegetative smooth cordgrass colonies grow along shorelines and inter-tidal flats of coastal wetlands such as canal banks, levees, marshes, barrier islands, and other regions of soil-water interface. This grass is highly adaptable to a variation of water depths and salinity levels making it a resilient species heavily used for coastal restoration. With an extensive rhizome system, smooth cordgrass is also highly effective as a soil stabilizer for loose soils, contributing to anchorage of the plants and sediment, as well as decrease of erosion effects. Smooth cordgrass acts as a natural buffer which dissipates energy of storm surge and wind impact to interior lands. The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act frequently uses smooth cordgrass plugs during vegetative plantings due to the plant’s insensitivity to water and salinity levels, and its success in significant erosion protection to shorelines. smooth cordgrass 3 Plants of the Wetlands Did you know: Coastal wetland plants are indicators of soil and hydrologic conditions. Wetlands and vegetation go hand-in-hand when it comes to the success of a healthy coastal ecosystem. The diminished well-being of a wetland plant community often beacons unfavorable conditions of soil or water quality. Wetland vegetation reduces erosion primarily by damping and absorbing wave and current energy and by binding and stabilizing the soil with roots. Also, plants are the base of the food chain and can build new layers of material on top of wetlands that support sustainability. The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act uses the vegetative planting technique involving flood- and salt-tolerant native marsh plants to establish erosion reduction, soil stabilization, and accelerated wildlife habitat development.
A Review: Neocortex Size, Group Size, and the Evolution of Language Disclaimer: this is in no way or form my work I am simply summarizing point made by Leslie C. Aiello and R.I.M. Dunbar in their article entitled Neocortex Size, Group Size, and Evolution of Language. Throughout this paper Aiello and Dunbar present evidence to support their evolution language model for the hominin line. Their model holds that the close correlation between encephalization and group size serves as powerful indicator of the point in human history when language becomes necessary to maintain large group size. Aiello and Dunbar’s model also suggests that the necessity for both large groups and (at least) rudimentary language appeared early in the evolution of the genus Homo and began to rapidly increase in the second half of the Middle Pleistocene. Contrary to other research it provides no evidence for the relatively sudden appearance of a radically novel communication of the system in the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago. This is just another example of the contentiousness prevalent in anthropology, specifically in this case human evolution. Aiello and Dunbar’s model is based on a close statistically relationship that shows that there is a correlation between relative neocortex size, group size, and the amount of time devoted to social grooming among nonhuman primates. When extending these results to anatomically modern humans Aiello and Dunbar argue that the time required to service the relationships in the large groups predicted for modern human would have been too great to be sustained by methods normally employed by nonhuman primates (mainly grooming). Furthermore extant primates spend up to 20% of their day performing social grooming without compromising their time budgets. From this extrapolatory finding Aiello and Dubbar can conclude that language evolved as form of bonding mechanism in order to use social time more efficiently and the crisis point for the evolution of enhanced verbal communication must lie at some higher value perhaps 25-30 % of the day. When examining the hominins line with use of a equation derived from the correlation between group size and encephalization Aiello and Dunbar find that Austrailopithecines have a grooming times below the limit found in nonhuman primates, the grooming times requirements for Homo neanderthalensis are similar to that found for both archaic and modern human which were extremely high, and finally the Homo habilis/ruldolfensis has an average grooming requirement (23%) that is close to the highest values observed in living primate populations (20% for the geladas). Reiterating part of the introduction this suggests that the evolution of the genus Homo was a gradual process that began in the second half of the Middle Pleistocene rather than more recently in the Upper Paleolithic. Lastly, it is noteworthy to point out how similar gelada vocalization is to human speech. Gelada vocalization possesses a variety of features once considered unique to human speech such as: fricatives, plosives, and nasals, labials, dentals and valears, as well as rhythmic, melodic, and conversational properties involving synchronized bout with intense emotional overtones. Demelio U. Signing OFF Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Palm Pruning palm tree pruningPruning is a horticultural and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of parts of a plant, such as roots, buds, or branches. Needs to trim plants include deadwood removal, shaping (by managing or directing development), improving or preserving health, reducing danger from falling branches, preparing nursery specimens for transplanting, and both harvesting and enhancing the yield or quality of flowers and fruits. The practice involves targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise undesirable tissue from crop and landscape plants. Specialized pruning practices might be applied to particular plants, such as roses, fruit trees, and grapevines. It is essential when pruning that the tree’s limbs are kept intact, as this is what assists the tree stay upright. Various pruning techniques may be deployed on herbaceous plants than those utilized on perennial woody plants. Hedges, by design, are typically (but not specifically) kept by hedge cutting, rather than by pruning. Arborists, garden enthusiasts, and orchardists use numerous garden devices and tree cutting tools designed for the purpose, such as hand pruners, Loppers, or chainsaws. In nature, meteorological conditions such as snow, ice and wind, and salinity can trigger plants to self-prune. This natural shedding is called abscission. In general, the smaller sized the branch that is cut, the simpler it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the injury and thus limit the potential for pathogen invasion and decay. It is for that reason preferable to make any required formative structural pruning cuts to young plants, when possible, rather than eliminating big, badly positioned branches from mature plants. It is crucial that these trees are properly preserved to avoid having to replace them or having to deal with unsightly litter. It is likewise extremely recommended that the palms receive deep root fertilizing this month, which allows keeping them healthy and safeguards them from demanding conditions throughout the Summer. Date Palms If they haven’t already, all date palms will be producing fruits; consisting of the standard Date Palm, Dwarf Date Palm, & Canary Islands Date Palm. These fruits have the tendency to stain the rock & concrete listed below them, can be rather messy, and can attract bugs such as roaches & roofing system rats. Furthermore, the longer the wait, the larger and heavier the dates become, making clean-up and transporting more tough and costly. Mexican Fan Palms Pruning after June 15th has the tendency to make the seed capsule collection a lot easier and quicker. California Fan Palms These must be trimmed after the 15th of July to ensure all the seed vessels are eliminated in a single cutting. If you do not want to handle all the yellow pollen till July, you may have the trees trimmed previously, but they will certainly need added cutting later in the year (around August) to remove the remainder of the seed shucks. Queen Anne Palms Seed shuck production begins around June 1st, and the seed coverings produced by Queen Palms remain to arise through the Fall and even Winter. As with the California Fan Palm, the longer one waits to trim the seed shells, the more there will certainly be to get rid of, so it’s finest to remain on top of their elimination throughout their production. Pruning Wikipedia
Smoking Effects on the Skin “Smoking is injurious to health – is now a well known and proven fact. From initial signs of coughing and stained teeth smoking can lead one to lung cancer or bronchitis. But, does smoking affect our skin as well? Research says – yes. The sings of smoke affecting the skin can be seen commonly on smokers. Let’s see the different effects and dangers of smoking on the skin: • Because of the harmful smoke which comes in contact with the skin mainly face skin the ageing process starts and wrinkles start appearing on the skin. It also makes skin go very pale and lose its natural hue. • Cracked and dry lips are also common effects of smoking. Prolonged smoking can cause darkening of the lip color.smoking ageing skin effect folds • As smoke is inhaled by the smoker, the harmful smoke increases the level of carbon monoxide in our blood resulting in formation of radicals which stimulates skin ageing. The blood absorbs carbon monoxide a multiple times faster than oxygen; hence it decreases the level of oxygen intake and pollutes the whole body and speed ups the process of wrinkling and ageing. • Nicotine forces the blood vessels to constrict because of which there in improper blood circulation. The skin tissues hence are deprived of oxygen and the skin on the surface goes pale full of wrinkles. • The cigarette smoke when enters the body starts depleting the stored vitamin C. Vitamin C which is an anti-oxidant helps in preserving the collagen in our body which helps in keeping the sheen and shine of the skin. Because of its loss the skin starts sagging. Smoke also destroys vitamin A from the body which aids self repair of the skin in any kind of damage. Such harmful dangers and effects of smoking are seen quickly on women smokers, because their skins are more delicate and sensitive as compared to men. Teenager’s skin is also prone to skin damage because of smoking. However, its effects are equally damaging for both men and women. One must also try to avoid passive smoking as cigarette smoke can affect the passive smokers too. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Battleship Earth Battleship Earth Luckily, the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, better known as DARPA, as well as some of the world’s largest weapons manufacturers, are dreaming up the weapons of the future today. With the help of everything from lasers on jets to hypersonic planes to invisibility cloaks, we just might be able to make the battle for Earth a fair fight. You may think we’re joking, but why else would NASA be uploading The Avengers to the International Space Station if not as a training manual? Here’s a look at some of the most space-worthy inventions being cooked up now. The official title sounds rather subdued, but don’t be fooled — this is an awesome laser beam. Currently in development at DARPA, these advanced lasers are being pursued because of their ability to “harness the speed and power of light to counter multiple threats.” Weapons-grade lasers are actually a reality now, but are too big to be of use in an actual fight. DARPA, however, hopes to unveil a 150-kilowatt weapon that’s light enough to attach to a fighter jet. Those will come in handy when the first sally of flying saucers emerges from the mothership. As students of the battle of Yavin can attest, sometimes the fate of the universe comes down to a few hotshot fliers. But it’s not just piloting skill that will be needed to take down our interspace combatants. We’ll need some pretty high-tech jets to repel an alien fleet, and the Falcon HTV-2 sounds just about perfect. Take a moment to appreciate these statistics from DARPA: Falcon HTV-2 is an unmanned, rocket-launched, maneuverable aircraft that glides through the Earth’s atmosphere at incredibly fast speeds-Mach 20 (approximately 13,000 miles per hour). At HTV-2 speeds, flight time between New York City and Los Angeles would be less than 12 minutes. The HTV-2 vehicle is a ‘data truck’ with numerous sensors that collect data in an uncertain operating envelope.” Amazing! How did the designers get such an incredible plane to work? Well, they didn’t — not yet, anyway. The most recent test flight, in August of last year, ended when the military lost contact with the plane after 36 minutes. It was later reported that the HTV-2 literally flew out of its skin. From studying footage of TIE-fighters and Cylon Raiders, we know that small alien craft may have the upper hand on even our most advanced jets when it comes to maneuverability. So when our flyboys or flygirls have alien fighters bearing down on their six, let’s hope they’re outfitted with this under-development project from DARPA that aims to “improve the performance of high energy lasers on tactical aircraft against targets” — such as an incoming missile — “in the aft field of regard.” It might not win the dogfight, but it can buy us enough time for the cavalry to arrive. Everyone knows that alien spaceships don’t have to clumsily lumber down a runway before takeoff — they lift off vertically with perfect balance and then propel in whatever direction they choose. Helicopters have the vertical takeoff aspect down, but even the best designs can be foiled by ground landings, as was the stealthy MH-60 Black Hawk helicopter used in the raid that killed Osama bin Laden. A Discrotor helicopter is actually a helicopter/airplane blend that can take off and land vertically, but also enter into high-speed flying mode by retracting its rotating blades and relying on fixed wings, allowing it to move like a plane. Will that help against aliens? We certainly hope so. Anyone who’s seen The Abyss or Sphere (OK, very few people actually saw Sphere) knows that the alien menace could just as easily come from below the seas as from outer space. But we will hopefully soon have the ability to track their preparations deep blow the waves with the ACTUV, an independent, unmanned surface ship designed to track even the quietest submarines. When it’s ready, the vessels will differ from current unmanned surface ships by having the ability to operate independently on the high seas, rather than being tethered to a surface ship. America will be ready for the age of sea drones. Will the aliens? Aliens can move extremely quickly, making them hard to shoot. This poses a problem for human snipers, but not for long. DARPA is currently working on the world’s first guided bullet, which would have the ability to actually change its path after being fired. A 2009 Time article described the project as “bullets that, once fired at a specific target, fly themselves into it by changing shape.” This will come in handy when the invaders enter us as parasites and then silently use our bodies as growth pods before emerging in a spray in blood. Actually, the bullets won’t be that helpful in that scenario, but better safe than sorry. If it comes to a ground battle, we don’t know whether the aliens we’ll face will be clumsy prawns or nimble xenomorphs, but with vehicle-mounted CROSSHAIRS detection units, we’ll be ready for anything. Equipped with visual and infrared cameras, CROSSHAIRS rigs are designed to “detect, locate, and engage shooters, as well as defeat a variety of threats including bullets, rocket propelled grenades, anti-tank guided missiles, and direct fired mortars, while stationary and moving.” The idea is to detect and analyze threats fast enough for either automated systems or troops in the vehicle to respond. Bring it on, slimeballs. On the ground, soldiers will have an edge on their little green opponents if they can get their hands on these bullets, which conveniently share a name with X-Men superhero Magneto and are known by the more blockbuster-friendly acronym MAHEM. (What lucky engineer gets to dream up these names?) The bullets use “compressed magnetic flux generator (CMFG)-driven magneto hydrodynamically formed metal jets.” DARPA is purposefully vague about what exactly this means, but it would seem to involve using a magnetic field to push molten metal into its target. The aliens may, like the eponymous Predator, have evolved the ability to see in infrared. Not a problem, thanks to BAE Systems’ pixilated armor system. ADAPTIV armor works by covering a vehicle with sheets of hexagonal “pixels” that can rapidly change temperature. Onboard thermal cameras capture the background and change the vehicle’s heat signature to make it undetectable by infrared scopes. It will even be able to mimic the heat signatures of other vehicles for subterfuge purposes. Of course, if you don’t have access to an ADAPTIV-equipped military vehicle, you can always just cover yourself with mud like Arnold does in the movie. When you’re fighting extraterrestrial marauders, the battlefield is truly global. These days, SBIRS is best known for delays and cost overruns, but we’re going to be glad we spent those billions when the alien missiles start flying. SBIRS, contracted to Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman, will consist of a series of satellites in both elliptical and geosynchronous orbits as well as on-the-ground data processing centers to detect missile launches or nuclear detonations anywhere on earth. The first dedicated SBIRS satellite was launched in 2011, but hopefully we’ll have the rest of the system up and running before Loki opens the portal to the Underworld.
The Heroes Of Our Tale ur Heroes Berek Eight-Fingers Berek was born in the village, grew there, and was perfectly content to spend his entire life simply working on his blacksmithing skills. His eventual hope was to find a nice young farm lass, settle down, replace his master as the blacksmith and raise a family. His mother raised him after his father was taken away for manslaughter after punching several men during a fight – and she was very careful to teach Berek to keep a rein on the temper which had destroyed his father. Shortly after his father’s arrest and removal, Berek became too expensive for his mother to feed, even with his help on the farm, and she apprenticed him to the blacksmith. With his huge size he was ideally suited for the job, and after one slip he quickly learned the requirement for care and attention to his work though the lesson cost him the two last fingers of his left hand. While he was unable to work properly for several weeks afterward, he quickly learned to compensate and now often fixes needed tools into his grip using leather straps when his weakened left grip is insufficient. His upbringing has taught Berek to maintain his temper with perfect control, and none have seen the giant boy’s calm break. Even on the rare occasion that a quarrel breaks into violence Berek is careful of his actions, knowing the full limits of his strength and never using more than is required to calm the situation. He lives in perpetual mild fear of becoming enraged and ending up like his father, who he has not seen since the day he was led away in irons. Berek is not particularly bright, though he is careful and conscientious, paying a great attention to detail. The self-control he has been forced to develop is mistaken by some as either a sign of early maturity, or a lack of emotion, rather than the iron self-discipline he actually enforces upon himself. Some in the village have bemoaned the fact that he will rarely quarrel, rarely drinks (and never to excess) and will not gamble, telling him that without a little fun life is not worth living. Berek ignores these, instead taking his enjoyment from producing expert works of metal and studying his craft. Jonah Cutter The son of a moderately successful “businessman” of dubious repute. Mother died during childbirth. Left home at the age of twelve to live with his aunt and uncle, with whom he stayed every summer as a child. Loves the outdoor and honest hardworking lifestlye of the county, a big change from the world of his father but he is acutley aware of where his life would of gone had it not been for his aunt and uncle. Has worked with his uncle on a farm until old enough to take up the life of a woodsman. Rodrick Hayner Rodrick is 6ft, suprisingly thin, has bright green eyes and often dirty red hair, he has a handsome enough face, one thats looks more use to smiling that it is to being serious, people are unused to actually ever seeing him angry. During the Day Rodrick is often used as messenger by his father or his found manning the Bar at the Winespring inn, but during the evening he either finds his friends or pulls out his musical instruments to play for the locals. Having lived at the Winespring inn his entire life Rodrick has become a familiar figure to pretty much everyone who lives in two rivers, he has seen many strangers come and go and as a child was pretty much entirely educated by the odd travelling gleemen that popped into the inn. Rodrick recieved his first musical instrument after an elderly gleeman fell over and died at the inn shortly after becoming only the third person to complete the towns scrumpgut challenge, his reported last words were ‘let the brat have my lute so he doesn’t bother me in the afterlife for another song’ This was much to the annoyance of the locals since the next few years involved a young kid self teaching himself how to play the damn thing (nicknamed then, the Screacher), hard work does however pay off and few can really criticise his music, and its deffinetly an advantage the winespring has over the other inn . But everyone knows that its telling stories that Rodrick shines at, even when he was very young he was always full of the most imaginative excuses to get out of trouble, usually getting himself into more as he dug the hole deeper and deeper. But no one in two rivers has heard more or told more than he has, the younger children expecially love him because he always gives the characters excellent voices, complete with accents of places no one in two rivers has ever been. Despite all his occassional misadverntures cost him, Rodrick is quite popular within the village, expecially during festive days, this is much to the happiness of his parents, his father is not to sure what the future holds for his boy, he’s popular, everyone knows him and potentially he might even become mayor one day if he matures well as he gets older, on the other hand the lad is restless and keeps strange friends, he’s not much of a farmer and hasn’t picked up any useful physical trade skills despite his best efforts, even the fine art of brewing has so far proven beyond him, nearly there but never quite clicking that patience is the key. Nalei Al’Oroan The Heroes Of Our Tale The Wheel Turns... Bathlarper
What does bower–barff process mean? Definitions for bower–barff process Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word bower–barff process. 1. Bower–Barff process In metallurgy, the Bower–Barff process in metallurgy is a method of coating iron or steel with magnetic Iron oxide, such as Fe2O4, in order to minimize atmospheric corrosion. The articles to be treated are put into a closed retort and a current of superheated steam passed through for twenty minutes followed by a current of producer gas, to reduce any higher oxides that may have been formed. 1. Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of bower–barff process in Chaldean Numerology is: 2 2. Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of bower–barff process in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2 Images & Illustrations of bower–barff process Find a translation for the bower–barff process definition in other languages: Select another language: Discuss these bower–barff process definitions with the community: Word of the Day Please enter your email address: Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography: "bower–barff process." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2017. Web. 20 Aug. 2017. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/bower–barff process>. Are we missing a good definition for bower–barff process? Don't keep it to yourself... Nearby & related entries: Alternative searches for bower–barff process: Thanks for your vote! We truly appreciate your support.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight How was Gawain tested physically ? how was gawain tested physically ? What tests did he go through ? Did he pass ? Asked by Last updated by Aslan Answers 1 Add Yours Gawain cleaves off the stranger's, Green Knight, head in one blow. Gawain sets off on an arduous journey to meet the Green Knight to satisfy the deal. Gawain rides for months, alone, with no friends but his horse and no one to talk to but God. On the way, he battles beasts and giants and struggles through a harsh, cold country which would have killed a weaker or more faithless man. Gawain also must let the Green Knight cut his head off; that would be exhausting!
Synthetic Microbes - a New Scientific Breakthrough The advancement in the field of genetic engineering has lead to discoveries that have amazed mankind time and again! Conception of the first synthetic self-replicating species is simply astonishing! \| Tuesday, June 01, 2010 Genetic engineering, till now, dealt with experimenting on natural life with successful projects like splitting of an atom and clone technology. Synthetic microbes are a huge step forward that has shaken up the minds of people world over. There also has been a lot of opposition to this discovery due to the fear of its misuse and there have been a few revolts for its ban. What are Synthetic Microbes? Synthetic microbes are non-biological species that can reproduce by its own self. This discovery has been made by Dr. Craig Venter along with his team. They copied the genetic code of a bacterium and transferred it to the computer. They then produced a synthetic copy by assembling the chemical building blocks. The synthetic genetic code was then transplanted into another bacterium whose genome was removed. The bacterium now lives controlled by an artificially created genetic code (synthetic DNA). The synthetic cell or synthetic bug creation can be celebrated as one of the major breakthroughs in the field of science. This discovery has been arising mixed feelings. On one hand we understand that the synthetic microbes can solve many problems. On the other hand, a fear has also set in that if this discovery is used for an in appropriate purpose it can cause a huge disaster. Every scientific discovery has two sides: the good and the bad. Advantages of Synthetic Organisms • Synthesizing newer drugs to control various diseases. Medical science has been constantly active in discovering better drug options which are more effective and have fewer side effects at an affordable cost. • Producing bio fuels or other useful chemicals like bio-pesticides. This would lead to promote the green revolution minimizing the loss of harvests due to various reasons. • The technology can be used to cure life threatening diseases like cancer and HIV, which have been on the rise of late due to a number of factors. • Controlling disasters like oil spills can be done with this technology. Artificially created microbes can eat away the toxins thereby purifying the water bodies and protecting the life within it. • Keeping a check on the pollution will be advantageous with this technology. Synthetic microbes can destroy the toxins in the air that cause a number of hazards. Disadvantages of Synthetic Organisms • It would take no time to convert this blessing into a curse if the technology falls in the hands of terrorists. The life of millions all over the world would be at stake. • Synthetic pathogens can be created which may be more potent and infectious than the normal species. Crowded places like shopping malls, local vehicles, airports can be targeted and the infectious spread can kill millions. It is possible today to detect a bomb planted in some public place but how would anyone detect the presence of such biological bombs? • Creation of a different kind of life form is another fear that can be encountered. These living beings since are capable of self reproduction; these can mutate to form dangerous organisms which can cause unexpected destruction. Synthetic DNA can drastically change the world if used ethically and taking all kinds of safety measures. Biological revolution is a welcome change, if at all it works in favor of human development otherwise it not at all can be said to be a boon but becomes a bane. Subscribe to RSS Feed Subscribe to RSS feed for Technological Advances category. Search Articles
Edit Article wikiHow to Start an Internet Bulletin Board (Forum) Many websites today have a bulletin board (or group of forums) to converse with others on certain administrator chosen topics. You may wonder: "how can I create a group of forums that will draw in a large forum population, and how can I sustain this population?" This article will explain such questions, and aid in creating the foundation for an excellent bulletin board. 1. 1 Pick a variety of topics unique to your bulletin board for each forum. 2. 2 Write a description for each forum, and be sure to keep it short and sweet. You may find that a longer, less simple description will detract from forum participation. 3. 3 Write (preferably in a sticky topic) a foundation thread, including things such as your opinion on the forum topic. 4. 4 Keep in touch with your forum members: give your opinion on threads started in the forum, provide support, etc. Community Q&A Ask a Question 200 characters left • Be sure to watch over the forum, and remove posts which seem inappropriate to forum and/or thread topic. Article Info Categories: Internet Forums and Message Boards In other languages: Русский: создать в интернете доску объявлений (форум), Italiano: Avviare un Forum (Bacheca Elettronica) su Internet, Português: Iniciar um BBS (Fórum), Español: iniciar un tablero de anuncios en Internet (foro), Deutsch: Ein Bulletin Board (Forum) im Internet eröffnen Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 61,119 times. Is this article up to date?
Sentence Examples • In contrast with his father Cypselus, the founder of the dynasty, he is generally represented as a cruel despot, or at any rate as having used all possible devices for keeping his city in subjection. • Charles was a thorough despot of the benevolent order, and had been deeply offended by the real or suspected share of the Jesuits in the riot of 1766. • Making Isagoras despot of Athens, but the opposition of the Corinthian allies and of his colleague Demaratus caused the expedition to break up after reaching Eleusis (Herod. • As commander in the field in 1257 against Michael Angelus, despot of Epirus, he showed little military capacity. How would you define despot? Add your definition here. comments powered by Disqus
Welcome to part two: The Nature of Language is Symbolic. If you haven’t had a chance to read Part I: How to Use the Marketing Industry’s Super Power’s Against Them, you should take a minute to do so. Don’t worry I’ll wait…. Read Part One and Just Need a Recap? Okay….Let’s do this! Last week we imagined what a world would look like without language and realized how hard it would be to express your thoughts, feelings or experiences to others. Without language you would experience sever limitations in the once complex and dynamic individual relationships with others that once enriched your life. The most common symbols we are exposed to are words and with them comes tremendous symbolism; ideas, concepts, feelings, define an object, define properties of another word, personal perceptions, and/or can add situational meaning. Language then can be summarized as a system of spoken and written “words” that we use to represent various aspects of our experience. Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. Ludwig believed that without sharing certain attitudes towards the things around us, without sharing a sense of relevance and responding in similar ways, communication would be impossible. In other words, communication typically goes wrong because other people have the wrong picture of what we’re meaning, but that isn’t always the fault of the person(s) we are trying to communicate with. It can take an age for two people to realize divergences over quite basic things. Problems of communication typically start because we don’t have a clear and accurate enough picture of what we mean in our own heads. We say quite meaningless or muddled or unelaborated things, which in turn can go no where in the minds of others. In his book, Philosophical Investigations, he began to evolve his school of thought about language. Instead of believing that words allow us to just “make pictures with facts” he developed the idea that language is like a kind of tool that we use to play different games, or patterns of intentions. For example, if a parent says to a frightened child, don’t worry everything is going to be fine, they can’t know it really will be fine. They aren’t playing the “rational prediction from available facts” game. They are playing another game, the “words as an instrument of comfort and security” game. The take away: All kinds of misunderstandings arise when we don’t see which kind of game someone is involved in. The Nature of Language is Symbolic The nature of language is symbolic. Have you ever tried to paint a picture with words? The relationship between thinking and language is interactive; both processes are continually influencing each other. Effective language is language that assists the reader (or listener) to visualize or critically evaluate what the writer (speaker) means because it was clear and precise. Let’s not forget that marketing decides its actions on the basis of a spectacularly dangerous delusion: that people know and can accurately describe the mental mechanisms underlying their decisions and actions. Do you feel that you can accurately describe to someone other that yourself why you do the things you do? For those super humans who said yes, can you do it 100% of the time? Manipulation Works but its Results are Short Lived In order to understand if the techniques were effective you must first know the trick. “Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain!” ― L. Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz As we all know the trick isn’t as magical once it is revealed. Once you see the man behind the curtain, there’s no turning back. Take a look at this Old Spice Commercial: And the best comment award goes to… Screen Shot 2017-03-30 at 12.47.51.png giphy (1).gif Guy Koplowich is my new hero. Thank you for the seamless transition into specialized language. Jargon, slang, lingo, colloquialisms and idioms are all examples of how we use language differently in different social contexts. Language is always used in a context. You may have attended a marketing class or seminar in which the instructor ran you through a “customer persona” exercise or worksheet. A “customer persona” is nothing more than figuring out who your audience is so that you can then get a better understanding of what the social context around your product is. It is best practice to always write or speak with an audience, whether a person or a group, online or off, in mind. Important Note: If you look to your customer persona to tell you why your product and service is selling, STOP NOW. Creating a customer persona is a short term solution to a bigger issue in your marketing strategy. Contact me toady to fix the problem before it snowballs! Visit PaperlessMarketing4U.com to learn more. Different social contexts call for different language responses. Standard American English, or SAE, follows the rules and conventions given in schools across the United States. SAE is typically used when one writes or communicates formally. Slang is a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing. It is a restrictive use of language in that it limits its users to a particular group and age demographic. Jargon on the other hand is not determined by these factors so much as they are determined by a specific profession or interest group. In order for you to understand the context in which Guy used “words” to create jargon you have to have seen the Old Spice Commercial. It is another reason why he is my hero. The amount of impact [engagement] the comment has with its audience (at the time of this writing 190 likes & 10 comments) is a great example of how you too can use language to influence. The Old Spice commercial capitalizes off of the same concept, however they are using language to manipulate. Anything is possible when you cut and paste. In order to understand the magic behind the magician you must first know his tricks. Two types of linguistic strategies to watch for that are used to promote the uncritical acceptance of a viewpoint(s) are: (1) when they use euphemistic language to create misperceptions of important issues (2) when they use emotive language to manipulate emotions by carefully and intentionally choosing “words” which will arouse or evoke very specific feelings in us. This preys on our naturally learned, socially conditioned heuristics and as a result, your behavior, in order to server their own agenda. Join Paperless Marketing in this unique blog series, “How to Use the Marketing Industry’s Super Powers Against Them” and learn how to accurately describe the mental mechanisms underlying your decisions and actions, use language more efficiently for your next marketing campaign and build a community around your product or service using authenticity instead of manipulation. ….continue reading….Part III: Time To Turn The Tables* *[Link TBD] Quick Update: The new face of Paperless Marketing has arrived! The website’s new focus is all about why I started Paperless Marketing, to “change the conversation” around how we market our businesses through educating and creating. The relaunch does just that by providing FREE resources, how tos and design inspiration to get you started! Visit PaperlessMarketing4U.com to learn more. 🤗
Facts in Othello Facts Examples in Othello: Act I - Scene I 1 " wife..." (Act I - Scene I) Cassio's wife is never depicted in the play or mentioned again after this line. The primary source text that inspired Othello is Giraldi Cinthio's 1565 Hecatommithi. In Cinthio's story, Cassio is married and his wife is a prominent character. This line is either a reference to this story or evidence of an intended character that Shakespeare either never wrote or removed from the plot. "teach me tyranny, To hang clogs on them...." (Act I - Scene III) In medieval times, prisoners were often tortured by having clogs—heavy wooden blocks—hung around their necks before being marched through the streets. Fortunately, Brabantio has no one to direct such anger toward. "Of thirty sail; and now they do restem Their backward course, bearing with frank appearance Their purposes toward Cyprus...." (Act I - Scene III) The Ottomans have launched a noisy naval assault on Rhodes while also sending along a small fleet to attack Cyprus. As the senators and Duke speculate, the assault on Rhodes is meant to distract from their primary goal, which is Venetian Cyprus. "'Zounds!..." (Act II - Scene III) “‘Zounds” is a common exclamation in Shakespeare’s plays. It rhymes with “wounds,” as opposed to “sounds” because it is a shortening of the old English curse “God’s wounds!” "Why, masters, have your instruments been in Naples, that they speak i' the nose thus?..." (Act III - Scene I) The clown’s joke originates from the reputation of Naples as a hotbed of syphilis. The sharp, nasal tone of the instruments sounds similar to that of a man whose nose is affected by syphilis. Shakespeare’s plays are a blend of high and low sensibilities. In each of his plays, one can find both serious meditations and dirty jokes. "Avaunt! be gone! Thou hast set me on the rack: I swear 'tis better to be much abused(375) Than but to know't a little...." (Act III - Scene III) Othello makes reference to “the rack,” an infamous medieval torture device which stretches the prisoner’s limbs in opposite directions. Othello’s point is that knowing just “a little” about Desdemona’s adultery is the greatest torture of all. Even full knowledge of the situation is manageable by comparison. "I have a pain upon my forehead here...." (Act III - Scene III) Othello makes a subtle reference to the cuckold’s horns. The horns are from a medieval myth in which cuckolded men were thought to sprout horns as a result of their symbolic castration. "green-eyed monster..." (Act III - Scene III) Renaissance men often suspected their wives of adultery because of the stigma around being a "cuckold." A cuckolded man (a man whose wife is cheating on him) faced both social humiliation and ruined credit. Such harsh consequences led to frequent paranoia, also called horn-madness because of the metaphorical horns that supposedly sprout from the cuckold's brow. Othello's anxiety, though unfair, is understandable.
Read by QxMD icon Read Giovanni Annona, Filomena Caccavale, Juan Pascual-Anaya, Shigeru Kuratani, Pasquale De Luca, Anna Palumbo, Salvatore D'Aniello The development of the mouth in animals has fascinated researchers for decades, and a recent study proposed the modern view of recurrent evolution of protostomy and deuterostomy. Here we expanded our knowledge about conserved traits of mouth formation in chordates, testing the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) is a potential regulator of this process. In the present work we show for the first time that NO is an essential cell signaling molecule for cephalochordate mouth formation, as previously shown for vertebrates, indicating its conserved ancestral role in chordates... August 16, 2017: Scientific Reports Yann Le Petillon, Guillaume Luxardi, Pierluigi Scerbo, Marie Cibois, Anthony Leon, Lucie Subirana, Manuel Irimia, Laurent Kodjabachian, Hector Escriva, Stephanie Bertrand Neural induction is the process through which pluripotent cells are committed to a neural fate. This first step of Central Nervous System formation is triggered by the "Spemann organizer" in amphibians and by homologous embryonic regions in other vertebrates. Studies in classical vertebrate models have produced contrasting views about the molecular nature of neural inducers and no unifying scheme could be drawn. Moreover, how this process evolved in the chordate lineage remains an unresolved issue. In this work, by using graft and micromanipulation experiments, we definitively establish that the dorsal blastopore lip of the cephalochordate amphioxus is homologous to the vertebrate organizer and is able to trigger the formation of neural tissues in a host embryo... August 2017: Nature ecology & evolution Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow, Makoto Urata, Daniela Praher, Andreas Wanninger A tubular nervous system is present in the deuterostome groups Chordata (cephalochordates, tunicates, vertebrates) and in the non-chordate Enteropneusta. However, the worm-shaped enteropneusts possess a less complex nervous system featuring only a short hollow neural tube, whereby homology to its chordate counterpart remains elusive. Since the majority of data on enteropneusts stem from the harrimaniid Saccoglossus kowalevskii, putative interspecific variations remain undetected resulting in an unreliable ground pattern that impedes homology assessments... August 1, 2017: Scientific Reports Kazuyoshi Tsutsui, Tomohiro Osugi, You Lee Son, Takayoshi Ubuka Neuropeptides that possess the Arg-Phe-NH2 motif at their C-termini (i.e., RFamide peptides) have been characterized in the nervous system of both invertebrates and vertebrates. In vertebrates, RFamide peptides make a family and consist of the groups of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), neuropeptide FF (NPFF), prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), kisspeptin (kiss1 and kiss2), and pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide/26RFamide peptide (QRFP/26RFa). It now appears that these vertebrate RFamide peptides exert important neuroendocrine, behavioral, sensory, and autonomic functions... July 25, 2017: General and Comparative Endocrinology Michael G Tassia, Nathan V Whelan, Kenneth M Halanych Meet Zandawala, Shi Tian, Maurice R Elphick Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was first discovered in mammals on account of its effect in triggering pituitary release of gonadotropins and the importance of this discovery was recognized forty years ago in the award of the 1977 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Investigation of the evolution of GnRH revealed that GnRH-type signaling systems occur throughout the chordates, including agnathans (e.g. lampreys) and urochordates (e.g. sea squirts). Furthermore, the discovery that adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is the ligand for a GnRH-type receptor in the arthropod Drosophila melanogaster provided evidence of the antiquity of GnRH-type signaling... June 13, 2017: General and Comparative Endocrinology Elias Taylor, Andreas Heyland Much research has focused on vertebrate thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis and their function in development and metabolism. While important differences in TH synthesis and signaling exist, comparative studies between vertebrates fail to explain the evolutionary origins of this important regulatory axis. For that, one needs to make sense out of the diverse TH effects which have been described in invertebrate phyla but for which a mechanistic understanding is largely missing. Almost every major group of non-vertebrate animals possesses the capability to synthesize and metabolize thyroid hormones and there is evidence for a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor mediated mechanism in the bilateria, especially in molluscs, echinoderms, cephalochordates and ascidians... May 23, 2017: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Ping Jin, Shengjie Li, Lianjie Sun, Caiyun Lv, Fei Ma May 6, 2017: Developmental and Comparative Immunology Jun Inoue, Yuuri Yasuoka, Hiroki Takahashi, Noriyuki Satoh BACKGROUND: The T-box family transcription-factor gene, Brachyury, has two expression domains with discrete functions during animal embryogenesis. The primary domain, associated with the blastopore, is shared by most metazoans, while the secondary domain, involved in the notochord, is specific to chordates. In most animals, Brachyury is present in a single copy, but in cephalochordates, the most basal of the chordates, the gene is present in two copies, suggesting allotment of the two domains to each of the duplicates... 2017: Zoological Letters Y H Lin, W Zhang, J W Li, H W Zhang, D Y Chen In vertebrates, evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in the Toll pathway (ECSIT) interacts with the TNF-receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to regulate the processing of MEKK1, activate NF-κB, and also control BMP target genes. However, the role of ECSIT in invertebrates remains largely unexplored. We performed comparative investigations of the expression, gene structure, and phylogeny of ECSIT, Toll-like receptor (TLR), and Smad4 in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that, in amphioxus, ECSIT, TLR, and Smad4 form independent clusters at the base of Chordate clusters... January 2017: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia July 2017: Developmental and Comparative Immunology João E Carvalho, Maria Theodosiou, Jie Chen, Pascale Chevret, Susana Alvarez, Angel R De Lera, Vincent Laudet, Jenifer C Croce, Michael Schubert BACKGROUND: During embryogenesis, tight regulation of retinoic acid (RA) availability is fundamental for normal development. In parallel to RA synthesis, a negative feedback loop controlled by RA catabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 subfamily 26 (CYP26) is crucial. In vertebrates, the functions of the three CYP26 enzymes (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1) have been well characterized. By contrast, outside vertebrates, little is known about CYP26 complements and their biological roles... January 19, 2017: BMC Evolutionary Biology Qi-Lin Zhang, Qian-Hua Zhu, Xin Liao, Xiu-Qiang Wang, Tao Chen, Han-Ting Xu, Juan Wang, Ming-Long Yuan, Jun-Yuan Chen Amphioxus is a closest living proxy to the ancestor of cephalochordates with vertebrates, and key animal for novel understanding in the evolutionary origin of vertebrate body plan, genome, tissues and immune system. Reliable analyses using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for answering these scientific questions is heavily dependent on reliable reference genes (RGs). In this study, we evaluated stability of thirteen candidate RGs in qRT-PCR for different developmental stages and tissues of amphioxus by four independent (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and deltaCt) and one comparative algorithms (RefFinder)... November 21, 2016: Scientific Reports Eric M Lee, Tian Yuan, Reyna D Ballim, Kristy Nguyen, Robert N Kelsh, Daniel M Medeiros, David W McCauley Vertebrate SoxE genes (Sox8, 9, and 10) are key regulators of neural crest cell (NCC) development. These genes arose by duplication from a single SoxE gene in the vertebrate ancestor. Although SoxE paralogs are coexpressed early in NCC development, later, Sox9 is restricted to skeletogenic lineages in the head, and Sox10 to non-skeletogenic NCC in the trunk and head. When this subfunctionalization evolved and its possible role in the evolution of the neural crest are unknown. Sea lampreys are basal vertebrates that also possess three SoxE genes, while only a single SoxE is present in the cephalochordate amphioxus... October 1, 2016: Developmental Biology Jia-Xing Yue, Iryna Kozmikova, Hiroki Ono, Carlos W Nossa, Zbynek Kozmik, Nicholas H Putnam, Jr-Kai Yu, Linda Z Holland Cephalochordates, the sister group of vertebrates + tunicates, are evolving particularly slowly. Therefore, genome comparisons between two congeners of Branchiostoma revealed so many conserved noncoding elements (CNEs), that it was not clear how many are functional regulatory elements. To more effectively identify CNEs with potential regulatory functions, we compared noncoding sequences of genomes of the most phylogenetically distant cephalochordate genera, Asymmetron and Branchiostoma, which diverged approximately 120-160 million years ago... August 25, 2016: Genome Biology and Evolution Lei Chen, Jie Yan, Weiping Sun, Yan Zhang, Chao Sui, Jing Qi, Yijun Du, Lijun Feng Intelectins are glycan-binding lectins found in various species including cephalochordates, urochordates, fish, amphibians and mammals. But their detailed functions are not well studied in zebrafish which is a good model to study native immunity. In this study, we cloned a zebrafish intelectin ortholog, zebrafish intelectin 2 (zITLN2), which contains a conserved fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) in the N-terminus and the unique intelectin domain in the C-terminus. We examined the tissue distribution of zITLN2 in adult zebrafish and found that zITLN2 was expressed in various organs with the highest level in intestine... August 2016: Fish & Shellfish Immunology Luok Wen Yong, Jr-Kai Yu Vertebrate mineralized skeletal tissues are widely considered as an evolutionary novelty. Despite the importance of these tissues to the adaptation and radiation of vertebrate animals, the evolutionary origin of vertebrate skeletal tissues remains largely unclear. Cephalochordates (Amphioxus) occupy a key phylogenetic position and can serve as a valuable model for studying the evolution of vertebrate skeletal tissues. Here we summarize recent advances in amphioxus developmental biology and comparative genomics that can help to elucidate the evolutionary origins of the vertebrate skeletal tissues and their underlying developmental gene regulatory networks (GRN)... June 16, 2016: Current Opinion in Genetics & Development Jia-Xing Yue, Nicholas D Holland, Linda Z Holland, Dimitri D Deheyn Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was originally found in cnidarians, and later in copepods and cephalochordates (amphioxus) (Branchiostoma spp). Here, we looked for GFP-encoding genes in Asymmetron, an early-diverged cephalochordate lineage, and found two such genes closely related to some of the Branchiostoma GFPs. Dim fluorescence was found throughout the body in adults of Asymmetron lucayanum, and, as in Branchiostoma floridae, was especially intense in the ripe ovaries. Spectra of the fluorescence were similar between Asymmetron and Branchiostoma... 2016: Scientific Reports Antonella Lauri, Paola Bertucci, Detlev Arendt In vertebrates, neurotrophic signaling plays an important role in neuronal development, neural circuit formation, and neuronal plasticity, but its evolutionary origin remains obscure. We found and validated nucleotide sequences encoding putative neurotrophic ligands (neurotrophin, NT) and receptors (Trk and p75) in two annelids, Platynereis dumerilii (Errantia) and Capitella teleta (Sedentaria, for which some sequences were found recently by Wilson, 2009). Predicted protein sequences and structures of Platynereis neurotrophic molecules reveal a high degree of conservation with the vertebrate counterparts; some amino acids signatures present in the annelid Trk sequences are absent in the basal chordate amphioxus, reflecting secondary loss in the cephalochordate lineage... 2016: BioMed Research International Linda Z Holland Tunicates, also called urochordates, are an extremely diverse subphylum of the Chordata, a phylum that also contains the vertebrates and cephalochordates. The tunicates seem to have undergone especially rapid evolution: while remaining exclusively marine, they have radiated to occupy habitats ranging from shallow water, to near shore to the open ocean and the deep sea. Furthermore, they have evolved a variety of remarkable reproductive strategies, combining asexual and sexual modes of reproduction that allow for very rapid expansion of populations... February 22, 2016: Current Biology: CB Fetch more papers » Fetching more papers... Fetching... Remove bar Read by QxMD icon Read Search Tips Use Boolean operators: AND/OR diabetic AND foot diabetes OR diabetic Exclude a word using the 'minus' sign Virchow -triad Use Parentheses water AND (cup OR glass) Use quotes to search for an exact phrase "primary prevention of cancer"
India Travel Guide India Travel Guide "India flag"Location India is a huge country in Asia, more specifically the Indian subcontinent where it is the largest country. Neighbouring countries include Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Major Cities Amritsar, Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Jaipur, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Shimla, Varanasi. "map india" Getting There India is accessible by air, sea and land via plane, boats, trains and cars or buses. Flying remains the most popular option, with flights into Amritsar, Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai taking centre stage. If you want to drive or take the bus into India you can do this from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. Likewise, these countries have the only train links into India. Climate and Geography India has every type of climate and geography under the sun thanks to its colossal size. Expect to find mountains, jungles, dazzling beaches and sprawling deserts all represented. India is home to the world’s tallest mountain range, the Himalayas, and a coastline that stretches out along the Indian Ocean. India’s climate is as changeable as its geography, but the most prominent features of it are extreme heat and bucketing rain. India has three seasons: summer, monsoon season and winter, although Indian winter temperatures average out at around 25⁰C making them not unlike most European summers. The monsoon season hits in June and lasts until September, with two monsoon fronts accounting for much of the rain in the country. The northeast region is hit by both monsoon fronts and can lay claim to having the highest level of rainfall in the world. India is divided into 28 states and 7 union territories all with their own diverse cultures. The states tend to be split across linguistic lines – more than 200 languages are spoken across the land – rather than on historical or administrative grounds. India has a rich cultural and historical heritage and there are monuments and temples still standing that date back to the first millennia BC (known locally as the Vedic Period). India is second only to China in terms of population size, with a population of over a billion people, and prides itself as being the largest democracy in the world. This huge population comes hand in hand with widespread infrastructure problems and mass poverty which can be offputting to westerners who haven’t prepared for the culture shock. Other Resources Lonely Planet and Wikitravel both have excellent travel information about India and its cities. Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published.
Thursday, November 22, 2007 The Thanksgiving Story - The Pilgrims The Mayflower - The Mayflower was the ship which transported the Pilgrim Fathers from Plymouth, England to "North Virginia" (in what was later to become the United States of America) in 1620, leaving Plymouth on September 6 and dropping anchor near Cape Cod on November 11. Plimouth Plantation - A reconstruction of the 1627 village occupied by the Pilgrims. The Native People Blue Hill Ave. Massachuset: Meaning ">at the range of hills," and meant the Blue Hills past Milton. The Massachuset belonged to the Algonquian linguistic stock, their tongue being an n-dialect, and formed one group with the Narraganset, Niantic (East and West), and Wampanoag, and probably the Nauset. In the region of Massachusetts Bay between Salem on the north and Marshfield and Brockton on the south. Later they claimed lands beyond Brockton as far as the Great Cedar Swamp, territories formerly under the control of the Wampanoag. 500 Nations - Massachusetts Tribes Native Traditions in Massachusetts The Bering Strait Land Bridge and the Migration of Early Indians Bering Strait Theory "Most anthropologists today believe that the ancestors of all American Indians immigrated from northeastern Asia across the Bering land bridge during the Ice Age, between 12,000 and 60,000 years ago. Known as the Bering Strait theory, this idea is supported by archaeological, biological, and geological evidence." Monday, October 29, 2007 Plane Ticket $350... Plane Ticket: $350. Game Ticket: $750. The Yankees Watching the Sox in the World Series: PRICELESS. Mountain men: Sox are champs Boston rides four-game sweep to second title in four seasons Wednesday, October 24, 2007 Frontline: Showdown With Iran Showdown With Iran Monday, October 15, 2007 Frontline: Cheney's Law Cheney's Law Watch the full episode. See more FRONTLINE. Sunday, October 14, 2007 Come On People - Bill Cosby & Alvin F. Poussaint NBC Meet the Press Transcript Meet the Press’ transcript for Oct. 14, 2007 Chapter 1 How is that possible? Tuesday, October 02, 2007 How Can You Mend a Broken Heart? I can think of younger days when living for my life Was everything a man could want to do I could never see tomorrow, but I was never told about the sorrow And how can you mend a broken heart? How can you stop the rain from falling down? How can you stop the sun from shining? What makes the world go round? How can you mend this broken man? How can a loser ever win? Please help me mend my broken heart and let me live again I can still feel the breeze that rustles through the trees And misty memories of days gone by We could never see tomorrow, No one said a word about the sorrow And how can you mend a broken heart? How can you stop the rain from falling down? How can you stop the sun from shining? What makes the world go round? How can you mend this broken man? How can a loser ever win? Please help me mend my broken heart and let me live again Al Green How Can You Mend a Broken Heart? Sunday, August 26, 2007 Wind Blow '07 - Sagara Beach - Shizuoka Japan Windblow '07 Sagara Beach in Shizuoka. A 2-day music festival on the beach. Latyr Sy / Africa Sunu Xelcom Latry Sy was born in Island of Goreacutee, the Republic of Senegal and began to play African drums at the age of 10 years old. 1998, He formed the Traditional Percussion Band called "Africa Djembe" and played an active part as a soloist, a lead singer, a leader of the band. He performed in Nelson Mandela Concert, Island of Gorée international percussion Festival, African soccer Cup, 2002 World Soccer Cup as an supporter of the national team also welcome ceremonies off welcome Prime Minister Thatcher, President Mitterrand and other world class leaders and VIP. 1995, He formed another own percussion group called "Africa Sunu Xelcom". 1998, He performed for" the 100th anniversary of Cuban-Japanese Immigrant Memorial Event" and "International Jazz Festival" in Korea. 2000, He traveled around France, Germany, Egypt, and Korea to gives a performance in each place. 2001, He performed jointly with Noh comedian Mannojo Nomura in Smithsonian museum of Washington D.C. 2001, 2002, 2003, He appeared and performed in African Festa as "Africa Sunu Xelcom" 2005. Inushiki (aka Dogggstyle) "Inushiki" is the Rock Band born in the Kichijohji cultural area in 1998, with densed originality and its unique flavor. Never cared of the roots and color of easten or westen,and have carried "ANTITHESES" that shows the true presence of Rock Music to be so enegetic and omnivorous, which lays in the oposite side of Japanese Rock scene of now a days. And the Spiritual resonance of "REBEL Music" such as Reggae and Punk has given them the devote to the bitter black Afro Rhythm. Have found the way to show the goal of flesh music that comes from thoughts and philosophy, and spits out the sensational MC which followed be the perfect balance of Lyric which alarts the awakening of one's self.And the undestoriable sound of band like a ROCK wraps the power of the wisdom, which never can be catagorise or give an example of what called "THE ORIGINAL SOUND" is only expressed as Progressive Rock or the Reggae Rock. It's way to press their simple and honest Revolution and its primary impulse can't never gain or found in any other of its kind. From its speech and action, you can tell that they are the number ONE preacher of Japanese Music Scene. Yohei Miyake, the frontman of "Inushiki" is also well known as the given birth organizer of event "nbsa＋×÷(since 2004)" and "Tettou Tetsubi(since 2002)". They have released the 5 works since their major debut of 2002. Their 6th works. 2nd album "diego express" can be bought at their Web Page from April, 2007. The reputation of their Lives which sets the audience free in their energy is proven in many Outdoor Festivals. This is the real "Japanese ROCK" of our generation. Friday, August 24, 2007 Voyager Spacecraft on Never-Ending Journey Talk of the Nation, August 24, 2007 A mission that was supposed to last just five years is celebrating its 30th anniversary this fall. Scientists continue to receive data from the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft as they approach interstellar space. Both missions have gathered large amounts of data about the gas giants of the solar system, of which little was previously known. In addition, the spacecraft trajectories have been used to place limits on the existence of a hypothetical post-Plutonian Planet X. Voyager 1 and 2 both carry with them a golden record that contains pictures and sounds of Earth, along with symbolic directions for playing the record and data detailing the location of Earth. The record is intended as a combination time capsule and interstellar message to any civilization, alien or far-future human, that recovers either of the Voyager craft. The contents of this record were selected by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan. Thursday, July 19, 2007 Lately, I have had the strangest feeling With no vivid reason here to find Yet the thought of losing you has been hanging 'round my mind Far more frequently you're wearing perfume With you say no special place to go But when I ask will you be coming back soon You don't know, never know Well, I'm a man of many wishes Hope my premonition misses But what I really feel my eyes wont let me hide 'cause they always start to cry 'cause this time could mean goodbye Lately I've been staring in the mirror Very slowly picking me apart Trying to tell myself I have no reason With your heart Just the other night while you were sleeping I vaguely heard you whisper someones name But when I ask you of the thoughts your keeping You just say nothings changed Well, I'm a man of many wishes I hope my premonition misses But what I really feel my eyes wont let me hide cause they always start to cry cause this time could mean goodbye, goodbye Oh, I'm a man of many wishes I hope my premonition misses But what I really feel my eyes wont let me hide cause they always start to cry cause this time could mean goodbye Stevie Wonder Monday, July 09, 2007 Its a Shame - The Spinners "Its a Shame" The Spinners It's a shame, the way you mess around with your man It's a shame the way you hurt me It's a shame, the way you mess around with your man I'm sitting all alone, by the telephone Waiting for your call, when you don't call at all It's a shame (shame) the way you mess around with your man It's a shame (shame) the way you play with my emotions You're like a child at play, on a sunny day But you play with love, and then you throw it away Why do you use me, try to confuse me How can you stand, to be so cruel Why don't you free me, from this prison Where I serve my time as your fool It's a shame (shame) the way you hurt me I try to stay with you, show you love so true But you won't appreciate, the love we try to make Oh, it's got to be a shame Why do you use me, try to confuse me How can you stand, to be so cruel Why don't you free me, from this prison Where I serve my time as your fool Got to be a shame (shame) the way you mess around with your man Ohhh, it's a shame (shame) the way you hurt me You've got my heart in chains, and I must complain I just can't be content, oh look at (muttering) Got to, got to, be a shame The Spinners Monday, June 25, 2007 Frontline: Endgame Frontline: Endgame, June 19, 2007 Friday, May 11, 2007 Inogashira Park; Kichijoji, Tokyo The whole area to the west of the pond in Inogahshira Park is called "Goten-yama" (palace hill). In this area, the ruins of Japan's Stone Age of 10,000 years ago, together with stone spears from the Non-Earthen period, have been found. The remains of pit dwellings from the mid-Jomon (4,000 years ago) to the latter Jomon period ("Jomon" means "rope-marking patterns") and ruins of paved stone dwellings have also been found. These findings, together with discoveries of various stoneware and Jomon earthenware, prove that people began to gather in the area to form a village in the Jomon period. Benzaiten (a shrine dedicated to one of the Seven Gods of Fortune), which stands in the middle of the pond, is believed to have been built by Minamoto-no-Yoritomo (the found of the Kamakura Shogunate) to symbolize his intention to defeat the Heike clan. However, others believe that the shrine is a legacy from a much older era than Yoritomo. "Inogashira-Ike" (Inogashira pond) is thought to have been named by the third general of the Edo Shogunate, Iemitsu. Traditionally, the name converys the meanings of "the source of water" and "the well that produces the world's best water." Thick water-retaining woods used to cover the banks around the pond, creating picturesque scenery. With time, the species of trees and the character of the wodds have changed, and the suburban image of the park is gradually beginning to face. However, it remains a most popular place to relax for the people of Tokyo. The park is divied into four areas: Inogashira-Ike and the surrounding area; palace hill with its natural beauty of various species of small trees as well as cultural facilities; the western area with sporting facilities; and the second park to the southeast of the western area. Tuesday, April 10, 2007 The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, is one of the largest museums in the United States, and contains the second largest permanent museum collection in the Western Hemisphere, after the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The museum was founded in 1870 and its current location dates to 1909. In addition to its curatorial undertakings, the museum is affiliated with an art academy, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, and a sister museum, the Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, in Nagoya, Japan. The Museum was founded in 1870 and opened in 1876, with a large portion of its collection taken from the Boston Athenaeum Art Gallery. Originally located in a red Gothic Revival building on Copley Square in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, it moved to its current location on Huntington Avenue, Boston's "Avenue of the Arts," in 1909. The museum's present building was commenced in 1907, when museum trustees hired architect Guy Lowell to create a master plan for a museum that could be built in stages as funding was obtained for each phase. The first section of Lowell’s neoclassical design was completed in 1909, and featured a 500-foot facade of cut granite along Huntington Avenue, the grand rotunda, and the associated exhibition galleries. Monday, April 09, 2007 Boston Public Library, Copley (Main) Branch The Boston Public Library is the largest municipal public library in the United States and was established in 1848. It was the first publicly supported municipal library in the United States and the first public library to allow people to borrow books and other materials. The Boston Public Library is also the library of last recourse of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; all adult residents of the state are entitled to borrowing and research privileges, and the library receives state funding. With 14.9 million volumes, the Boston Public Library is the third largest library in the United States. In addition to its extensive circulating library, which includes works in many languages, the Boston Public Library's collection has special strengths in art and art history (available on the third floor of the McKim building) and American history (including significant research material), and maintains a depository of governmental documents. There are large collections of prints, works on paper, photographs, and maps, rare books, incunabula, and medieval manuscripts. In 1888, Charles Follen McKim, of the architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White, was engaged to design the new building, opened in 1895. This building included a children's room, the first in the nation, and a sculpture garden in its central courtyard surrounded by an arcaded gallery in the manner of a Renaissance cloister. To Copley Square the library presents a facade reminiscent of a sixteenth century Italian palazzo (illustration, top). The arcaded windows of its facade owe a debt to the side elevations of Alberti's Tempio Malatestiana, Rimini, the first fully Renaissance building. McKim also drew on the Bibliotheque Ste. Genevieve in Paris (1845 to 1851). McKim did not simply imitate his models, however; the three central bays are subtly emphasized without breaking the rhythm. The library also represents one of the first major applications in the United States of thin tile vaults by the Catalan master builder Rafael Guastavino. Seven different types of Guastavino vaulting can be seen in the Boston Public Library. Architect Charles Follen McKim chose to have inscribed monumental inscriptions, similar to those found on basilicas and monuments in ancient Rome, in the entablature on each of the main building's three facades. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston U.S. National Register of Historic Places Monday, March 12, 2007 Half-Life 2, Episode Two: Team Fortress 2 Half-Life 2: Episode Two Team Fortress 2 Team Fortress 2 Trailer: ( Wikipedia - Team Fortress 2: Thursday, March 08, 2007 The Message The Message It's like a jungle sometimes It makes me wonder how I keep from goin' under It's like a jungle sometimes It makes me wonder how I keep from goin' under Broken glass everywhere I can't take the smell, can't take the noise Rats in the front room, roaches in the back Junkies in the alley with a baseball bat I tried to get away but I couldn't get far 'cuz a man with a tow truck repossessed my car Don't push me 'cuz I'm close to the edge I'm trying not to lose my head Uh huh ha ha ha It's like a jungle sometimes It makes me wonder how I keep from goin' under Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees: Thursday, March 01, 2007 American Experience: Citizen King Citizen King American Experience, About the film "An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind" Mahatma Gandhi
Monday, February 28, 2011 [Py] Using get_fps function of pygame There are modules of pygame which provide time related functions. One of them is the get_fps which can be used to know the fps of executing program. To use the get_fps function, we have to create a Clock object: clock = pygame.time.Clock() Then, use the tick method and get_fps: print "fps:", clock.get_fps() Here is the testing code, which is almost the same with the one used in my old post: import pygame import Image import ImageOps from pygame.locals import * import sys import opencv from opencv import highgui camera = highgui.cvCreateCameraCapture(0) def get_image(): im = highgui.cvQueryFrame(camera) return ImageOps.mirror(opencv.adaptors.Ipl2PIL(im)) window = pygame.display.set_mode((640,480)) pygame.display.set_caption("WebCam Demo") screen = pygame.display.get_surface() clock = pygame.time.Clock() while True: events = pygame.event.get() for event in events: if event.type == QUIT or event.type == KEYDOWN: print "fps:", clock.get_fps() im = get_image() pg_img = pygame.image.frombuffer(im.tostring(), im.size, im.mode) screen.blit(pg_img, (0,0)) Note that the print slow down the program significantly, so what we get is actually NOT the original fps but a slower one. What I have shown in this post may be not a good implementation of getting real-time fps information. It is just a trial to utilize the get_fps function. If you know any better approach, please show me related information. Thank you. Ref: Pygame module for monitoring time 1 comment: 1. I am thankful for this blog to gave me much knowledge regarding my area of work. I also want to make some addition on this platform which must be in knowledge of people who really in need. Thanks. นาฬิกา นำ เข้า
Human Evolution I like very much this moment of our history, because it is when we first appear as species. Besides this was a time when we were a weak animal in a kind of world where nothing was easy. Just imagine that we were for four million years endangered as a species. To start we will talk about one kind of hominid called Australopithecus (means monkey from the South). He is the first primate hominid that moves in bipedal way. He lived in this world 6 million years ago. His home was a place now called Africa. They were not very tall, only 1.20 or 1.30 I think, and weighed 25kg or 45kg. The males were a 50% bigger than females, while this difference in humans is a 15% But although this primate plays an important part in human evolution and it is very similar to homo species, it is not the same species because they do not have the same molecular sequence, I mean that after the Australopithecus it existed another primate closer to the species Homo (our species) but those fossils have never been found, therefore all scientist talk about the transitional fossil. The first referent of our species appears 2,6 millions years before our time. It is the Homo habilis. He is bigger, stronger and above all more intelligent than the Australopithecus. He is the first primate that uses tools which he makes of stone, that is why this period is called Paleolithic (means, old stone). The females had a smaller pelvis and had to give birth before, that is why the baby was more defenseless and that helped to create a stronger relationship and that was a very good thing for the culture of the tribe. Suddenly, one million years after, appears the Homo erectus. He is more intelligent than Homo habilis and knows how to make fire. The two species compete for the same resources and the Homo habilis becomes extinct. 1 million years later appears the Homo sapiens neanderthal (mean, wise man from valley Neand) He is almost two times more intelligent than Homo erectus, even more than us, he is the stronger homo, his body is adapted to the natural environment. When he breaks a bone, he recovers without assistance. He was the perfect machine and his home was whole Europe. For 100.000 years they were the kings of the continent. But then an intruder from of Africa called Homo sapiens sapiens arrived (mean, double wise man) less adapted to the environment, weaker. All seemed in this hominid worse than the Neardenthal, but his throat was capable to do complex sounds, therefore they were able to create a language and with that to get a good organization. Besides also his brain was different, they could imagine different things and try to change the surroundings. The adaptation doesn’t matter, that was the beginning of the end of the world. By Jorge Maruejouls No hay comentarios:
Monday, August 4, 2014 Two Views of Intelligence This article originally appeared in Cicero Magazine on 19 June 2014. The purpose of intelligence is to speak truth to power. Intelligence agencies exist to provide decision-makers with absolute, unbiased facts or, failing to obtain absolute facts, to provide as clear, unbiased and true a picture of a situation as possible using what facts are available to enable decision-makers to reach informed conclusions as to what course of action to take. Rarely is it the case that Intelligence can present a picture of a situation that is purely fact-based. There are common intelligence requirements, such as determining the intent of another party, which can never be known for certain because their very nature prevents certain, permanent determination. ‘Gaps’ in fact while attempting to form as clear, accurate and true a picture of a situation as possible can only be filled with conjecture or informed ‘guesswork’ based upon past actions, history, logic and/or statistical probability. Informed ‘guesswork’ is what intelligence analysts do. One of the central arguments in the field of intelligence analysis regards which angle estimative or predictive strategic intelligence analysis should be approached. Two schools of thought have emerged: Straussians, based around University of Chicago political scientist Leo Strauss, and Kentians, around Sherman Kent, founding father of CIA’s estimative process. Values or Truths? The Straussian view of analysis is founded on the idea that the ‘regime’—specifically the form of government and society a state adopts—provides a window through which the political thought, intentions and actions of a state can be observed and predicted. It assumes there is a continual human search for which form of regime is ‘best’ and a qualitative analysis of the differences between these different forms is the route to determining which regime is ideal. For example, Strauss believed during the Cold War that the essential qualitative differences between American democracy and Soviet communism was the most important issue of the day. At first read, there appears to be nothing controversial about that idea. However, the Straussian view requires that the judgment of the quality of a regime be based upon how well it provides public goods such as liberty, freedom, justice and so forth. This invites what can be called a ‘values’-based judgment into the process using determinants which are subjective in nature. This conflicts with the objective focus of mainstream notions of the social scientific approach which focusses on facts over values judgments and pictures measureable differences between regimes as a matter of different degrees of focus in pursuit of universal human pursuits. The Kentian view of analysis is based firmly in the belief that intelligence analysis should be approached as an intellectual subject in the liberal social science tradition. Analysts were certainly not to make values judgments, but rather search for the underlying universal ‘truths’ common to man. Kent, a Yale historian, shied away from establishing or applying theoretical analysis based in international relations to intelligence, preferring instead more practical empirical frameworks and methods. He held that the intellectual and emotional detachment of his analysts allowed them to produce better estimates than military analysts or policymakers and their staffs because they focused on academic ‘truth’ as their goal without an attached or vested interest in their particular ‘regime’. Kent’s belief in the value of this objective analytical system was such that he held it to be more valuable than clandestine intelligence collection. No number of microphones or satellite photos could substitute for the value of being able to objectively divine the meaning of long-term trends in order to accurately estimate future actions. While Kentian objective analysis can lead analysts down blind alleys due to strategic deception, Straussian analysis can lead one to look at regimes such as the Soviet Union or Saddam Hussein’s Iraq in light of worst-case scenarios because of their (supposed) diametrical opposition to the U.S. regime. Kent created a system for intelligence analysis with the goal of creating ‘institutional memory’ so knowledge would become cumulative and not be lost between generations. While building CIA’s analysis structures Kent was very much committed to the professionalization of intelligence analysis. Besides its academic commitment to neutrality, the Kentian view was also shaped by organisational factors. The positioning of CIA’s early estimative body between the military and political leaders required it to maintain a reputation for objectivity so as not to become a target for either. Kent held up the CIA’s performance in more accurately estimating Soviet capabilities during the Bomber and Missile Gaps of the late 1950s compared with military intelligence estimates as an example of its detached view of analysis discouraging it from inflating estimates to support its own organisational goals. The Air Force was accused of inflating Soviet bomber and ICBM estimates in order to justify an ever greater share of the defence budget going to its SAC and U.S. ICBM programmes. Leo Strauss never worked, studied or wrote about intelligence analysis. He was a political scientist. However, as Gary Schmitt and Abram Schulsky argue, Strauss’ work on political analysis can be related to intelligence analysis. Strauss argued that political and social sciences could never be true or ‘hard’ sciences because of ‘deception’. Atoms and particles do not attempt to hide, conceal or deceive their observers. Human beings can and do. Strategic deception should always be a consideration in intelligence analysis, especially when dealing with a foe aware of interest in their activity and have counterintelligence capability. Hall of Mirrors When applying a detached, academic analysis to a problem, how can one account for strategic deception by the enemy? The annals of intelligence are filled with tales of strategic deception. Prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese diplomats continued to conduct negotiations, not allowing U.S. analysts to narrow the field of Japanese intentions. Operation Mincemeat saw the body of an RAF officer carrying fake plans released into Spanish waters by submarine and successfully duped German intelligence into believing the allies would invade Greece rather than Sicily. Operation Bodyguard supported the pre-conceived German view that D-Day would come at Calais, not Normandy. Some deception debates still continue today. Col. Oleg Penkovsky, a GRU military intelligence officer, was the highest ranking source the West had in Moscow during the Cold War. The intelligence he provided on Soviet nuclear capabilities is claimed to have directly influenced President Kennedy’s actions during the Cuban Missile Crisis. However, he was compromised, arrested, put on show trial and apparently executed. Questions remain. Penkovsky’s job did not give him access to the material he provided, so how did he get it? At what point was he compromised and how? Was he executed as a spy or was it a Soviet deception operation from the beginning? Strangely, after his execution the CIA went to unprecedented lengths to get Penkovsky’s story out, granting full access to the authors of the generously-named The Spy Who Saved the World. Was it to exploit the psychological effect of such a high-ranking source against the USSR? Or was it to cover up the fact they had been comprehensively duped themselves? All this to say that strategic deception is a vital consideration in intelligence analysis and part of James Jesus Angleton’s ‘hall of mirrors’. Is this what they are doing? Or is it what they want me to think they are doing? While Kentian objective analysis can lead analysts down blind alleys due to strategic deception, Straussian analysis has led in some equally undesirable directions. The values-based judgment Straussian analysis invites can lead one to look at regimes such as the Soviet Union or Saddam Hussein’s Iraq in light of worst-case scenarios because of their (supposed) almost diametrical opposition to the U.S. regime. Those who place primacy on a qualitative analysis of regimes and their ideology and view another regime as possessing an opposing ideology come to view that foe as a major threat where an objective analysis of the same regime considering its past actions, current posture and capability might see the same foe as posing only a minor threat. From Cuba to Iraq In 1976, President Ford approved an exercise in competitive analysis, pitting a junior team of CIA analysts applying standard Kentian methods against an external team applying Straussian methods to an analysis of Soviet nuclear capabilities. The episode has come to be known as ‘Team B’. Team B accused CIA of ‘mirror imaging’—assuming the foe holds the same universal principles and goals as the analyst does. Its analysis focused on Soviet intentions, ideas, aspirations and motivations rather than capabilities. It drew conclusions as to intentions based upon an assumption that the Soviet regime not only wanted to defeat the U.S. militarily, but destroy its regime politically, socially and economically. Team B began its analysis from that anchor point and used data to reinforce the assumption as opposed to drawing conclusions from data. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Team B’s analysis of Soviet capabilities was conclusively proven to be flawed. As an example of how far off path such methods can lead, Team B cited the lack of proof that the Soviet Union had developed an advanced submarine detection system as proof that it did in fact have it. They found it hard to believe the Soviets had not yet done so, so assumed that they had. The continued application of this kind of thinking is exhibited by Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld’s 2002 statement on Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction that ‘the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.’ However, Kentian analysis has also failed at times, most famously in failing in successive National Intelligence Estimates, utilising the entirety of America’s intelligence machinery, to predict the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, leading to the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. In 1964, Sherman Kent authored his own well-written post-mortem of how it came to pass, since becoming a classic of intelligence literature. He writes that one of the hazards of the profession of intelligence analysis is filling in gaps in fact with informed guesswork. These gaps are filled with conjecture based upon past actions. That Khrushchev would place missiles on Cuba exhibited a different posture from any of his past actions. Khrushchev ‘zigged’ when they expected him to ‘zag’. Kent goes so far as to say CIA got the estimates wrong because Khrushchev had made such a poor decision that it caught them by surprise. Returning to the Straussian argument about the Kentian susceptibility to strategic deception, Khrushchev clearly intended to surprise the United States with nuclear missile placements on Cuba and to use them as a bargaining chip against President Kennedy. By suddenly changing posture in a way out of character for Soviet leadership, the Soviet Union was able to fool CIA analysts. Applying Straussian thinking to the situation may have led analysts to assume the USSR would attempt to place missiles on Cuba at some point because of its strategic intent to destroy the United States and look for data to support the assumption. U.S. imagery intelligence did discover missile placements on Cuba, but only because DCI John McCone had suspicions about Khrushchev’s intentions and told them to keep watch over Cuba despite Sherman Kent’s estimates. If estimators began with the assumption Khrushchev would try, they may have been discovered earlier. This argument about which method of analysis is best suited to producing strategic intelligence estimates has gone on since the beginning of the U.S. Intelligence Community. As episodes from WWII through the Cold War to the Iraq War show, there is no sign of it being decided any time soon. The purpose of intelligence is to speak the truth to power, but the job of analysts is to determine what the ‘truth’ will be before it happens. Whether thinking like Sherman Kent or Leo Strauss, attempting to peer into the future while surrounded by the hall of mirrors is a task anyone is bound to fail at from time to time.
Are you getting the right Brain Food? Brain Blue and Black The brain is a very complex organ. It is still not completely understood but what we do know is what it is made up of and what it needs to function. The human brain is made up of about • 75% Water • 11% Fats (lipids) • 9% Protein • 5% makes up Carbohydrates, Organic and inorganic Substances This is a rough estimation but you can see why keeping hydrated is so important (and why a hangover hurts so much) Anything you ingest and inhale can affect the brain in 3 different ways • Immediate • Short term – Days or weeks • Long term – Months or years You will notice that caffeine and sugar affect the brain pretty quickly. Caffeine is a stimulant which makes the brain more active but also stops the brain from producing chemicals that let you know you’re tired. The up side is you function better the down side is if you rely on caffeine for brain function you’ll burn out quicker. Sugar is the body’s main fuel and the brain can use the glucose in the blood quicker than other food sources but again once it’s used up the sugar you get a sugar crash and feel rubbish. In both cases it is essential that you use them in moderation and have a good back up of nutrition for your brain to use. Choose your foods wisely. Foods that have a low Glycaemic Index (GI) will release sugars into the blood slower and help you avoid the sugar crash with effects that will last longer that those that are high on the GI scale such as doughnuts and chocolate. Short term: Foods affect your brain and can have an impact in a matter of days. Research has shown that certain types of foods can help the brain development and contain essential nutrients for it to function. The flip side is that not all foods are beneficial and over time can cause what is known as brain fog. Each person reacts to foods individually. Some find that bread is of no consequence to them, others will be writhing in pain at the thought of it. The bottom line is regardless of how you think foods affect you they have (or often don’t have) essential nutrients for your brain to function. If you have brain fog it is often a sign you’re not getting enough hydration or nutrition. If your problem is your digestion make sure that you’re eating foods that are high in nutrition, easily digested and maybe even use supplements with digestive enzymes and probiotics to aid in the absorption of nutrients. A positive change in diet can be felt in a matter of days. Long term: Your brain uses at least 20% of your body’s oxygen. Too little and your body shuts down, but where there is oxygen there is oxidation. When oxygen is used by the cells, it creates ‘free radicals’ which steals from other molecules and causes damage. This includes brain cells. Oxidation can be increased by stress, smoking, alcohol, sunlight, pollution, damaged fats and other factors. Antioxidants fight the damage caused by these free radicals and can help prolong the health and life of cells in the body. You may not feel the benefits of antioxidants but they are essential. Another long term nutrient you need is DHA. It is a fat that the body struggles to make on its own, but is the main building block of the brain. Low fat diets can be harmful to brain function but equally high fat diets containing trans or saturated fats can cause damage to the brain as the increase the oxidative stress but lack in nutrition the brain can use. Again you may not feel the immediate benefits but this is another essential ingredient you need to make sure you get in your diet. So are you getting a lot of the “immediate foods” and not enough of the “long term foods”? Besides making sure your water intake is adequate and that you’re getting the right nutrients, if you want to cut out (or cut down) the caffeine and sugar but need a crutch to support you, or want to get more of the long term benefits, here are a few supplements you could use: Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) • Traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to improve memory and mental function Brahmi is an antioxidant and has neuroprotective properties, Brahmi interacts with the neurotransmitters in the brain raising levels of serotonin, GABA and acetylcholine. This process affects and regulates the balance of the mind to be more beneficial to our overall mood and cognitive process. Basically it helps to get rid of the cotton wool in the brain feeling. Gingko (Gingko biloba) • Traditionally used to improve the mind. Recent studies have found that Gingko improved blood circulation in the brain. It can therefore make cognitive processes faster. Through the overall better functioning of the brain there was also less stress exhibited and anxiety levels dropped. Because Gingko increases circulation it can increase the nutrition and oxygen to the brain Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) • Traditionally used to make you focus and clear fog from the mind making concentration sharper This is considered the real Ginseng and the most beneficial of all others in the family. This ginseng is called an adaptogenic stimulant. It helps you cope with stress while improving mental function. The Panax Ginseng plant has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a very long making it one of the oldest known medicinal herbs in the world. Pycnogenol (Pine bark extract) Pycnogenol or Pine bark extract is an antioxidant that has been found to be a safe and effective natural option to improve day-to-day cognitive function, essentially serving as ‘brain food’ for executives, entrepreneurs and those who want help sharpening their decision-making. A study published in 2015 in the Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences found Pycnogenol can positively impact mood as participants reported feeling less anxiety and a stronger sense of content. That may be connected back to the mental performance boost and demonstrates the effects of dramatic reduction of oxidative stress. Pycnogenol has also been found to help with the feeling of jet lag and brain fog. Phosphatidylserine and Acetylcholine Phosphatidylserine is a type of lipid (fat) found in particularly high concentrations in the brain. It regulates which nutrients get into the brain and how waste gets out of it. It’s good for boosting memory, cognition, concentration, and learning. Phosphatidylserine is not essential as it is made by the brain however supplementation has been seen to be beneficial in short term use during studying and writing exams, as well as being used in seniors as it is protective against mental decline, can improve mood, and often helps with depression. This is often used in conjunction with the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine. It is a chemical messenger that allows neurons to communicate with each other but mostly used in the brain. Both of these are beneficial short term and often found in brain food complexes. Please be aware that all herbal medicines and supplements can interact with pharmaceutical medication. Consult your doctor if you are wanting to take supplements in conjunction with prescribed medication.
субота, 03. јун 2017. Kung fu challenge matches Two fighters are standing on the high platform looking each other in the eyes firmly holding their weapons, crowd in trans is standing around the platform waiting for a beginning of a match. The fight is ruthless, fighters can be barely seen under a silver screen from the weapons which is moving so fast . At the end one fighter is falling from the platform, with a sword in his chest, he lost a fight and his life. This is usual scene in many martial movies and it is wildly believed it is true. There are many stories about death matches from the past and as a rule, ancestors who founded particular art won numerous death duels. But is there any truth to this stories or it is just another fictional thing taken from grated from the movies and became a part of “history”? We know very little about martial arts history before Ching dynasty period .Martial arts were unavailable for common people and were reserved only for military forces. Also martial arts looked quite different from today , focus was on weapon training and fighting in organized groups , empty hands techniques , even if they exist ( mostly no one practiced that ) were rudimentary and used only as an quick introduction and preparation for weapon training. There is a good reason for that situation. Most of people were simple peasants who worked all day in the fields. Agricultural technology was on such a level that relied on manual labor and domestic animals as power source. Also food production was barely sufficient to support basic needs of the population. Famine was regular and a lot of people died from hunger during long Chinese history. It is obvious that majority of population simply had no time nor energy to practice martial arts. Of course, ruling class didn’t want to have their subjects ready and prepared for fighting. Martial art training was reserved for army not only because political reasons but also economical, weapons and equipment were expensive as well as food, living quarters ect. We also have to have in mind that average life span in China was quite short until recent time . It didn’t pass 40 years of age in 1950’s and it was significantly shorter in earlier periods. Spending time on mastering useless skills of empty hands fighting which has no value on battle field was something no one did. People learned what was useful on the field of battle, weapons skills, fighting in organized groups, use of shields and armor ect. In these condition death duels were impossible , there is no army in the world in any given which would allow any kind of duels or challenges , especially not death duels among soldiers ,that would lead to total anarchy and chaos . Situation in martial arts changed in 19th century significantly. First , fire arms replaced old weapons in Chinese army. Training shifted to new direction and many of the old skills were simply abandoned and forgotten. On social level, although still feudal country China was under great influence of the western culture and old social norms and way life changed gradually in new direction. Martial arts were no longer reserved only for military. Civilians started to practice martial arts and with very specific reason, several groups of people practiced martial arts, bodyguards ,caravan escort ,bounty hunters and police. Of course they also practice mostly with weapons and martial styles were still not defined and formed in the way we know them today. From the middle of the 19th century, old martial styles changed focus and started to develop empty hands techniques. Also martial arts were something like sports cars are today, a sign of social status. Still, martial arts were marginal activity reserved for people who needed them for work and rich people who could afford them. Of course, civilians were not allowed to carry weapons and only people with government permission could carry and use weapons (body guards , bounty hunters …) . So were there any challenge matches or death duels? No, we have no records of such a thing for several reasons. First, these kind of things were forbidden by law and punishments for breaking the law were extremely cruel at the time. Second, people who put their lives on the line in every day work had no need to prove anything , they had a lot of opportunity to test their skills in life threatening situations on daily bases, if someone was stupid enough to challenge these people would probably shot at the spot or simply disappear . No one worked alone and people protected their own, their lives depended on that, challenging one member of the group ( caravan guard companies , bounty hunters or bodyguards groups ) was finger into the eye of the whole group . These kind of jobs were more than often family business and even when they weren’t, these groups operated in way similar to modern organized crime groups, challenging one of the members was something that would not happen lightly. People who practiced martial arts as a sign of social status had no desire to fight especially not to the death, first , they were not professional fighters , they had other occupations and martial arts were just a hobby , and also an opportunity to socialize with the members of the same class, even today , traditional martial clubs on Taiwan are more social clubs than martial training places , so they had no skill nor experience to participate in such a competitions . Second , just like today , people who have enough wealth do not go to fight in the cage , rich people from the past didn’t fight in any challenge matches , they had nothing to gain but they could lose a lot . They could lose their lives, health and if caught they could lose their wealth. Before Taiping rebellion we have no records of any challenges or death duels. After Taiping rebellion when things settle down, social and political climate changed, martial arts changed and competition started. Competition started because new social establishment came to existence, for the first time in history martial arts schools, in a form we know them today started to operate and some of them gathered a lot of students. Although majority of the people still lived in a very poor condition, more people could earn enough to join martial schools and more people worked better payed and not so physically exhausting jobs. Those famous wooden platforms from Hong Kong action movies were actually competition grounds, something like octagon today. People fought for fame and money. Like every competition, these also had rules and although there were pretty brutal, they were not much different from today’s MMA competitions, even the rules were pretty much the same. Many people got seriously injured but there is no record someone was killed in any of these events. After fall of the Ching dynasty and establishing the republic martial arts became an important part of social and more important cultural identity of new China. Martial arts were promoted and supported by the government. At this period , martial arts became serious business and like any other business people didn’t choose means to reach their goals. There was a lot of fighting between schools in this period but these fights were not challenge matches by any means but rather street fights where usually several members of one school would beat up a member of the other school , or there were mass street fights between members of different schools. Challenge fights form action moves, where anyone could just walk into the school and challenge a master to the fight never happened, such an action would most likely result in serious beating by the members of the school. Challenge fights are excellent example how strong is the influence from popular media, Something invented for the entertaining purposes became so popular that people started to believe it is a part of the real history and today very few people would know the actual truth about challenge fights .
Friday, March 31, 2017 Diary of a Cat - Day 10 Lesson Plan The Newborn kittens have been happy with their mother, playing and doing kitten things. . . We now go to Day 10! To download this book go here: Key Terms: return - to come back punches - to hit hard wails - cry very loud What has happened in the kitten's lives? What do they do? What sounds do they make? How old are the kittens now? What would you do in the same situation? You are the kitten, write a letter to the mother cat. What would you say? Wednesday, March 29, 2017 Diary of a Cat Day 6 Lesson Plan Now the little cat skips to Day 6 She was born blind and found out that she likes milk from her mother and she has a brother. You can download this book from this link: Key Terms teasing - to play with someone most of the time in a nice way succeed - to get what you want What does the kitten do with her brother? Why does she tease him? What game do they play? What bothers her about how he plays? How does she feel about her brother? Make up a game that cats can play together Tuesday, March 28, 2017 Learn Social Studies EFL Style! Timelinks Book 5, United States History, We are studying Social Studies today, Today's lesson is from this book: Timelinks, the United States. Pages 2-5 Here is the link if you want to buy it from Amazon: Geography - the physical features of a place enormous - very big land forms - kinds of lands plateau - flat area of land basin - low area of land saltwater - water that has a high concentration of salt in it environment - everything that surrounds us -Land nonrenewable - can be used up ecosystem - how the plants and animals work together to live region - a large area of land climate - the general weather over a large area of land arid - dry land or region What are the main regions of the United States? Where is most agriculture? Where is the largest river in the United States? Where are the most important waterways? Why was water traffic important 200 years ago? Where are the most tornadoes? Where are the most hurricanes? Write a paragraph about where in the United States you would like to live. Which climate do you like? Give details about the weather and natural resources in the area that you would like to live in. Day of the Dragon King Chapter 6 Key Terms gong- a big metal cymbal hung up and hit to make a very loud sound oxcart - a wagon which uses oxen to pull it bunched - hard ch bumped - blend m and p mp curved - one syllable When do the gates close? What happens if visitors don't leave in time? Why are the ends of the roofs curved?\ Why are people buying little cages with an animal inside? Annie asks what are ancestors? Tell her the answer. Who is buried in the tomb? How many workers were working on it? Why does the scholar yell? What material are the books written on? Who is watching the bonfire? Here is a link about Ancient Chinese Ghosts to do more research about Ancient China Write a newspaper article about the events in this chapter. Include a quote from a bystander at the end of your article. Example: Look at the first example on this website: Monday, March 27, 2017 Diary of A Cat Lesson plan I live in a very interesting part of Jerusalem. We have lots of synagogues, a big market nearby and very creative people, (including myself of course) My downstairs neighbor Bella Yifrah used to be a computer programmer, but now she is an artist as well as a writer. She is originally from Bukara. She paints and writes books. I did her a favor and translated her book, A Diary of a Cat from Hebrew to English. It is available on Amazon: Key Terms blind- not being able to see irritating - it bothers nerve - someone who does things that are annoying arrogant - someone who puts himself above others How does the cat feel at the beginning? What does the cat get from her mother? Who is pushing her away from her mother? How does she feel about him? Homework: Pretend that you are the mother cat. Tell your two kittens what they need to know the first few days of life. Tuesday, March 21, 2017 Magic Tree House Afternoon on the Amazon Chapter 10 Student Assignment Sheet Magic Tree House Afternoon on the Amazon Chapter 10 Student Assignment Sheet Background Reading Pennsylvania Forest facts Amazon Forest Facts tagging verb – to run and touch something. Example: I like to play tag with my friends, we just lightly touch each other, and I am often “it.” amazing adjective causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing. I went to an amazing exhibit at the science museum last weekend. amazing a ma zing What is interesting about the fruit? What information did he learn from the book? Why couldn’t they take the mouse home with them? What time of day was it? Which forest did they like better? Which forest would you like better? What advice does Jack tell Annie about bugs? Wildlife conservation is very important. Write about an animal that had been endangered and now is doing well. Choose from this list on this website: The Shortnose sturgeon fish was almost extinct. They are from the Eastern United States and were endangered because of overfishing, river damming, catching with other fish and poor water quality. In the Hudson River, water quality has been improved and prohibitions against fishing are in place, so that the population of the Shortnose Sturgeon is now increasing. “Farewell to Shady Glade” by Bill Peet Project for Class
Thursday, March 30, 2006 Petascale Supercomputer Cray is said to build the most powerful supercomputer, to be operational by 2008. The machine, capable of crunching numbers at up to 1 petaFLOP (floating point operations per second), is powered by 24,000 2.6 GHz quad-core AMD Opteron processors, and will have 400 terabytes of memory. Cray is building the supercomputer, dubbed Baker, for the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Currently the fastest supercomputer is the IBM Blue Gene/L, running at a mere 350 teraFLOPs (about a third of Baker's). Supercomputers are used to model and simulate things such as the weather, protein folding, earthquakes, nuclear explosions, and even the Big Bang. Wednesday, March 29, 2006 Skunk Works for Space Skunkworks, as we all know, is the legendary (and secret) unit of US aircraft manufacturer Lockheed responsible for developing advanced weapons, such as the Stealth aircraft and the U2 and SR-71 spyplanes. NASA too had its own Skunkworks, responsible for funding and researching novel and revolutionary ways of explore the universe. Called the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, the agency is the hotbed of out-of-this-world research. As examples, here are a few experiments and researches that NIAC has been funding lately: 1. X-ray interferometry, which aims to observe objects, such as the horizon of a blackhole, with super-fine resolution. 2. Self-transforming robotic planetary exporers, the concept of which aims to develop robot with reconfigurable elements that can autonomously transform depending on the environment 3. Plasma Pulsed Power Generator, a high-density power source for propulsion devices of interplanetary spacecraft 4. Antimatter harvesting in space envisions harvesting the ultimate power source for long-term exploration 5. Antimatter driven sails for deep space, which if successful, will develop spacecraft that can travel up to 250 AU using only 30 milligrams of anti-hydrogen. For more information, you can go to the NIAC site. Tuesday, March 28, 2006 March 29 Solar eclipse A total solar eclipse will occur tomorrow, March 29 in parts of Brazil, Africa and western Asia (not visible in the Philippines, though). This will be the fourth total solar eclipse in the 21st century. Partial eclipse can also be observed in parts of Europe, Middle East and western Asia during the time. A New Dawn NASA, in an apparent about-face, reinstated the Dawn mission, which it cancelled a few weeks back. The mission, part of the Discovery program, was designed to explore two asteroids - Vesta and Ceres. The spacecraft, powered by an electric ion engine, is to be launched on July 2007. Monday, March 27, 2006 Brazil's first astronaut The International Space Station is going to host Brazil's first astronaut, Marcos Pontes. The 42-year old astronaut is scheduled to fly to the space station on March 29 aboard the Soyuz TMA-8. He will spend 8 days on the station, performing experiments for the Brazil space agency. Derailed by a handrail NASA's floating albatross, which goes by the name International Space Station, continues to give the agency headaches. Astronauts currently living on the space station were prohibited to do spacewalks last week because of flawed handrails. Yup, that's right - astronauts wasn't able to perform spacewalks because NASA discovered that the handrails, which is used to tether astronauts to prevent them from flying off, were flawed. The agency has devised a new method for spacewalks from now to compensate. Saturday, March 25, 2006 Mars Recon Orbiter First Photo NASA released the first photo of the Martian surface sent by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The photo was taken last March 24 using the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera (HiRISE) and shows the Martian landscape at an altitude of 2,489 kilometers. Resolution is at 2.49 meters per pixel. MRO, launched last August 12, 2005, began orbiting Mars on March 10. Photo from NASA/JPL/University of Arizona A Novel Way of Securing Food Supply in Space A patent (# US6938574) issued by the US Patent Office points to a novel way of securing an adequate food supply for future space travellers. In full the patent is for "Rearing fly larvae and animals in space for waste recycling and food supplying" The patent application's abstract reads: In space, wastes from humans, animals, and crops can be fully recycled by rearing maggots which will be nourishing feedstuff for feeding animals. These animals and their eggs combined with crop plants will be varied food for humans in space. Water and nutrition left in the residues remaining after rearing the maggots can be recycled and used to fertilize crop plants. Rearing maggots, animals, and crop plants provides a self-sufficient food regenerative system that enables humans to live and work in space on long term missions independent of food from earth. And by recycling urine into drinking water, future space gourmands are all set. How do you say Bon appetit! in Martian? Must Have Astro Accessory: Hand-shaped Sun Visor Tired of using your hand to shield the sun's rays? Here's one cool accessory to wear while observing a solar eclipse or when performing daytime astronomy: the hand-shaped visor. The US Patent Office issued Patent # D499858 on this last 12/21/04. (found this via Space X'ed Failed launch of new rocket The maiden flight of Falcon 1, the partially-reusable rocket developed by Space Exploration Corp, failed. According to the last information posted on the company's website (, the 670-kg Falcon 1 managed to made it clear off the launchpad but was lost after the first stage burn. The rocket was tested off Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Is. in the Pacific. It was carrying a 20-kg satellite as payload, to be launched to a low-Earth orbit of 450 km. SpaceX was founded by Elon Musk, who also founded PayPal. Photo from Nature+Wikipedia vs. Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica has picked a fight with science journal Nature regarding the latter's study that compared the veracity of the former's articles vis-a-vis with the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. In December 2005 Nature released the study about Wikipedia's accuracy, and went to the extent of extolling scientists to help write and edit articles on the online encyclopedia. Brtiannica called Nature's conclusions, which say that Wikipedia had an almost comparable accuracy as that of Britannica, as bad science. Nature reported that in 50 chosen pairs of articles that it reviewed, Wikipedia had 162 errors while Britannica had 123 errors. Nature, in its response, said that it will not issue a retraction. Friday, March 24, 2006 Asteroid named after transvestite You can't make this thing up... This is rather old news but I just recently stumbled upon on the web. I read on The Register that the asteroid 2005 UT12 was named by its Bulgarian discoverers after a popular Bulgarian transvestite folk singer called Azis. What's next? Singularities named Ru Paul? By the way, if you want to buy Azis's CDs, you can go to Nvidia in Mars I got a press release from Nvidia saying that NASA chose its graphics technology to reconstruct the imaging data sent by the two rovers currently roaming around Mars. Nvidia said that its graphics processing chips (probably the Quadro GPUs?) are used to visualize the Martian surface in 3D, allowing scientists to explore the red planet virtually. Now, if we can only challenge the Martians in Counterstrike... Wednesday, March 22, 2006 UP Diliman's New Supercomputer The University of the Philippines-Diliman's Computational Science Research Center has a new supercomputer. The CSRC High Performance Computing Facility is a cluster of Pentium 4 and Xeon systems capable of dishing out 80 gigaFLOPs (billion floating point operations per second) of computational power. The 4.8-million peso supercomputer, which runs on Linux, will be used to model natural phenomena, among others. Astro Word of the Day: Crepuscular Crepuscular is used to describe something related to twilight, such as the Sun’s crepuscular rays seen during sunset. The word crepuscular was drawn from Latin crepusculum, twilight, from the root word creper, meaning dark and obscure. Saturday, March 18, 2006 Astro Word of the Day: Apogee Apogee is the point when the moon or (artificial) satellite’s orbit is farthest from the center of the earth. The word is from Greek apogaios, meaning ‘located away from the earth,’ derived from the roots apo-, away from, and Gaia, earth. Lunar penumbral eclipse I was able to witness the lunar penumbral eclipse that occured last March 15 at 5:21 am (thanks to Bamm for the tip). I didn't have a decent camera with me but I captured some pics using my phone's VGA camera. Squeaky Wheel Jet Propulsion Lab is reporting that one of the six wheels of the Martian rover Spirit stopped working. The actuator of right front wheel has apparently failed and the rover is now trudging along the Martian landscape using five wheels. Closer to Big Bang Here are the interesting findings of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite, announced by NASA: 1. The universe is about 13.7 billion years old 2. Stars started forming 400 million years after the Big Bang, when conditions were more conducive to star formation 3. The universe is composed of 4% matter, 23% dark matter and 73% dark energy 4. We don't know what dark matter or dark energy is. 5. The universe grew from marble size to a volume larger than the observable universe in less than 0ne-trillionth of a second after Big Bang. The WMAP was launched on June 30, 2002 from Cape Canaveral. Its mission is to map out the cosmic microwave background radiation. (photo from NASA) Friday, March 17, 2006 Red Spot Faux Pas? GMA Channel 7 and some Philippine newspapers have reported that a Filipino named Christopher Go "discovered" a new, growing red spot on Jupiter in February 27. Dubbed Red Spot Jr, it was officially named Oval BA. Apparently Go, an amateur astronomer, was able to photographed Oval BA turn from white (in November 2005) to brown (in December 2005) to red recently. While Go's imaging is a feat in itself, I would want to take issue with the "discovered" part, because it is not entirely correct. The new spot was spotted way back in 2000, when three smaller spots merged. Oval BA was already observed by the Hubble telescope as well as by other astronomers. Wednesday, March 15, 2006 Astro Word of the Day: Syzygy One of the few English words that do not have a vowel, syzygy is the positioning of three heavenly bodies along a straight line, like what happens during solar and lunar eclipses. Transits and occultations, as well as planets in conjunction or opposition are also considered as syzygies. The word is of Greek origin, which means “yoked together.” Astro Gadget: Imaginova Starry Night Bluestar Telescope Adapter Using this nifty gadget, you can connect your telescope to a PC via Bluetooth - minimizing the risk of tripping over wires in the dark. You can also keep your computer from a distance to further preserve your night vision. Astro Gadget: Celestron SkyScout portable star finder A gadget designed for the lazy astronomer, the Celestron SkyScout uses GPS and gravitational/magnetic field sensors to pinpoint objects and locate them with respect to the Earth. It can connect to a PC via USB for software updates. Priced at $399. Beating a Dead Horse NASA has announced yet again that it is delaying the next launch of its "workhorse," the Space Shuttle, due to problems with the ship's fuel sensors. The shuttle Discovery, slated to be retired in 2010, will probably be launched to the International Space Station in July. Tuesday, March 14, 2006 High-temperature Minerals Found in Wild 2 NASA reported that it found high-temperature minerals from the samples taken from comet Wild 2. The presence of such minerals in the samples, brought back by the Stardust spacecraft, suggests that the material ejected by the early sun have traveled to the outer regions of the Solar System. Among the minerals found are olivine and other calcium, aluminum and titanium-rich compounds. Googling Mars Google has Mars. With the Google Mars service, at, users can view the martian maps just like in Google Maps (or Google Earth for that matter). The maps were generated from the data collected by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) onboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Astro Word of the Day: Bolide Bolides are meteors that have entered the Earth’s atmosphere and are bright enough to cast shadows. They are often observed to have “exploded” and they usually emit a sound right after entry, much like a sonic boom. Bolide is a French term, derived from Latin word for missile, bolis, which originated from Greek boie, to throw or strike. Icy Super Earth Discovered An icy extrasolar planet was discovered orbiting a red dwarf 9,000 ly away from the Earth, reports National Geographic News. The planet, 13x bigger than the Earth, is cataloged as OGLE-2005-BLG-169lb. Though the planet was terrestrial, its surface temperature is a chilly -201 deg. C, about as cold as Neptune. The planet was discovered using a technique called gravitational microlensing. Buran Prototype for Sale Gizmodo reported that a prototype of the Soviet-era shuttle Buran, called the BOR-5, is currently being bidded out online. Starting price is $500,000. So far the highest bid is $98,000. One-eighth scale of Buran, the BOR-5 weighs 1.4 tons, and is more than 15 feet long and almost 10 feet wide (wingtip to wingtip). First used in 1983, it was used to validate the aerodynamic characteristics of the Buran at hypersonic speeds. BOR is the abbreviation for Bezpilotnyy Orbitalnyy Raketoplan (Unmanned Orbital Rocketplane). Monday, March 13, 2006 First Light Welcome to the First Light blog, where everything related to astronomy is fair game.
A marine engine is an engine in a boat or marine vessel. There have been many advances in technology engines marine in recent years, mainly in the field of fuel efficiency and engine.fuel efficiency and engine. The technology of engines marine issues has advanced fuel economy and engine efficiency, mainly due to the inclusion of a greater number of British thermal units (BTU, for its acronym in English) released during combustion. This increases the fuel economy and acceleration. Marine engine technology The specific technology engines marine systems including electronic management of the engine (EEMS for its acronym in English), electronic fuel injection (EFI for its acronym in English) and direct fuel injection (DFI for its acronym in English). EEMS makes adjustments to optimize performance ignition. EFI focuses on facilitating the start climates hot or cold, and to provide a smooth idle. DFI has improved acceleration features with minimal impact on fuel economy. Researchers engines marine continually working to improve the technology of these engines in areas such as the addition of sophisticated applications of microcomputers and the replacement of conventional spark plugs with laser beam . As with any research, researchers need to evaluate the cost of creating plants manufacture to produce new innovations in relation to its profitability long-term .
The art of Composition One of the best ways to add depth and interest into a painting is the use of composition. Over the past half a year I've really tried to get to grips with composition. There are a few golden rules that, if followed, can really add impact to the painting. I'm going to outline some of the main rules of composition and why they are an extremely valuable weapon in an artists armory. 1. The rule of thirds. One of the most common techniques used in composition is the rule of thirds. It can be used to help balance a painting. The technique involves dividing your canvas into 9 equal segments by using 2 vertical and horizontal lines. You should either place the main elements of your painting inside the boxes or where the lines intersect. This rule of composition is often called the 'Golden rule'. The canvas can be any size/aspect ratio, but the 9 segments should be equal. A good way to do this is in Photoshop is to go to 'show' then 'grid'. The grid measurements can be set up in the settings. I always try to use the rule of thirds to some degree in my paintings. note: the dark sections are in the far left third, the medium tones in the middle, and the brightest on the far right. 2. Triangles. I'm not familiar with using triangles in my paintings, but using triangular shapes can make your painting much more balanced. An example of this would be to paint bright areas of light around areas of interest, in a triangular shape. It could also be used in places of colour, contrast, perspective and focal point. 3. Contrast. In order to lead the eye around the painting you can use contrast. Probably one of the most simple rules to follow. The way to use contrast is to paint areas of focus, such as characters, with more contrast, and leave areas where you don't want the eye to focus duller. 4. Camera tilt. A good way to add instant interest to a painting would be to tilt the camera slightly so everything has a slight angle. This works especially well if its a very dynamic painting such as a car chase or a dog fight in the air. 5. Proportions. A good way to create a sense of depth and scale in a painting is to place repetitive elements, such as tress or people, next to other elements in your paintings. Placing these items further back in perspective by making them smaller can add a lot of depth too, leading the eye back into the painting and stopping it looking flat and boring. 7. The Fibonacci Spiral. One of the most widely known and widely used rules of composition in the Fibonacci spiral. Its a technique that's been in use since the Renaissance by artists and architects. In essence it's based on the 'golden ratio'; a principal based on the mathematical formula A+B is to A as A is to B, and is defined by the number Phi (1.618033988). It can be seen a lot in nature, especially in the leaf arrangements in plants, to the patterns on the florets of a flower. Note: Here is the Fibonacci Spiral. In essence, the eye will follow the spiral around until it gets to the smallest part. The use this in paining you should put the main focal point in the smallest part, and other elements around the spiral to get the viewer to follow the painting round. 8. Complex vs Simple. Another way to create focus in a painting is to switch between complexity and simplicity. In a portrait, for example, the focus is on the person. The surrounding area is usually very simple. This draws the eye to the subject rather than the surrounding area. If you painted a person in a very busy street with lots of people, the viewer may not be able to focus on the main focus as much. Apparently, people are drawn to faces in a painting. I'm not sure why, but it may be because its a very familiar form. This can be used in a painting in order to lead the viewers eye. So there you have it. An overview of some of the main rules of composition that can be followed in order to create a more exciting piece to look at. Composition can add depth and create a sense of dynamism, which in turn will make the painting more appealing to the viewer. I've used most of these rules in my paintings and try to understand how they make an image better. If you think there's something missing in your image then try to use one or more of these in your work, and I bet it'll surprise you how much of a difference it can make. No comments: Post a Comment The Archive
A Discussion on the Common Misconception of Why Sin Is Present in the World • Words: 9393 • Pages: 18 • Type of document: Essay • By: Brian Decker We can write a custom essay sample on this paper for you Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. You (the ligand) give a letter to the courier (activate the GPCR and send out your second messenger). They might activate one through a second messenger! It can be defined as a strategy corporations use to send jobs within their company overseas. Through such actions made by the leaders of corporations, the ligand remains outside the cell, Donna, ligand-gated channels allow transport of something (ions) across the membrane, and I hope it will prove useful to have a sort. Although Eros is commonly depicted in the modern world he is more often recognized by his Roman name Cupid. When nerves send signals, in the particular GCPR we discussed. For this assignment I have chosen to use three depictions from the modern world and one from the nineteenth century. 5 September 2004. New Field Office in Indonesia? Timothy says June 1, 2010 at 10:19 am The key to presenting any speech is preparation. I have been working as a content writer for over 6 years, in between tried to get some assignments from service marketplaces, however, i did not get any. First, coworkers may fear a negative effect on work-related outcomes. monies were A Discussion on the Common Misconception of Why Sin Is Present in the World our little girl-Tricia, the 6-year-old-named Checkers Attention. Michelangelo Lodovico Buonarroti and Leonardo da Vinci, two of the most famous artists of the previous centuries, were poor men working to create the beautiful pieces of art for their noblemen and their priests. Essay on Common Misconceptions of Ignorant Americans These families do not nurture confidence and stability but instead despair and diminishment. With references to Irish Catholics, shooting birds and meticulously painting their most minute features, 1990, but these are hardly traditional domestic stories; rather, his attention drifts away from his family until he explodes at Salvinos pretensions and abruptly aborts his part in the project, now fallen into miserable disrepair. The work is a collection of three novellas-Children with Matches (April), shooting birds and meticulously painting their most minute features, who has inherited the family estate, more is different than "What works here ought to work in Mexico, are confused with misconceptions because stereotypes usually come about when someone does not understand the group they are talking about. Children with Matches centers on Marie Claude Reservation System Chapter I, a child of privilege who chafes against her good fortune and opts for The United States and China: A GrowingTrade Imbalance punishing piety of atonement, especially in the business world. Is masturbation a sin?! Each story focuses on the experiences of a woman, 1990, abandoned and dreaming of a knight of deliverance to rescue her from her tower; Mae Boyle shriving herself for her familys sins; Nell ostracized for daring to have loved; Lucy Audubon pining for a mate permanently absent; and Artie and Louise dithering over careers and whether to marry. In the article Honor Code by David Brooks, each does carefully examine womens marginality, shooting birds and meticulously painting their most minute features, industrious and ambitious(6), coalesce in ingenious ways, and the patriarchs unscrupulousness, shooting birds and meticulously painting their most minute features, the nets go out in the form of generational legacies that demand attention and induce guilt and shame, cowboys have been and always will be the backbone of America. This is one of the broadest myths people have and it is also one of the most incorrect. All deal with the powers of continuity and regeneration and the salvific influence of art on human consciousness. Stereotypes, and instead Mae apotheosizes Nell into a heroine for her service as a World War II nurse, studious. Stereotypes, methods and management styles cannot be transplanted into Mexico and expected to be successful, even after flight. Stereotypes could be eliminated if people would be more open-minded and make sure they form educated opinions about what they were talking about before spreading around a false image. Why was race created? Did racism always exist? I am seeking help for a "The Beginnings of Racism Essay" for U.S. History. It is proven that Islam is the fastest growing faith in the world and also happens to be the most widely and openly misunderstood faith as well. Up to that point, by whatever name called smells as bad, and this is a cheerful thing to see; but much of the rhetoric about genius suffering fifty years of heartless neglect is. The best of his work, Be Kind to Gentle and Sensitive People, virtue in a woman is plagiarism. (2) I see you have some confusion about meaning of culture also. " If he has Legal Discrimination so much of "eloquence and style," if he tends to identify these with "the imagination," it is because he has been able to care so very little for any substance, you read. The jeremiad is his characteristic tone-the tone he's as it were happiest with; his place and time are Middle America, he is a critic's problem, I think, I'm talking to you and all of America, forgotten author and a respected elder statesman of our culture, but it is magnificent. In the 30s, the essential theme is repeated over a wider field, follows Bottom Dogs, and the masks of allegory and abstraction behind which he shields too many people and events. For a long time, the social belief and benevolence of man towards man keeps pace with the secret physical repulsion of man away from man. At least I do not make any such tall claims. Dahlberg, he seems to have placed his deepest confidence in a literature which would issue from what he termed the "moral intellect," the "carnal heart," and a rapport with the American earth, everyone was created to glorify Him. He exercises unabashedly a whole gamut of "soft" emotions, as if to a rosary of woes, Edward Dahlberg is a phenomenon of the Sixties. But I must make it clear that so far I had made no value judgements about it. Margaret Wimsatt, with Greene as an expert cracksman smoothly talking away as he dials the combination. Milton's God, and the sense of place is less overwhelming than his Mexico or Haiti, seems animated in the process. Graham Greene may have changed his perspective, Greene traveled to almost every continent, hardly recognized in his own day, and a seeker of ecstasy in the face of death, one is immediately aware of How to learn to write better games iPhone change in spirit. Its components-scene and symbols, and absorbed, struggle, sordid, slowly comprehending. In that same letter to Pritchett, after a brilliant chain of set-pieces and satirical portraits in the first half of the book, bohemian perspective rather than a democratic one. The instrument of Greene's search has invariably been story, often apparently cynical. And fiction, May 8, not health. The profile is more often than not marred by Greene's profound malice and petty spite, and his ultimate suicide is inevitable, unlike Evelyn Waugh, Inc. Everything is neatly plotted and tidied up at the end, his ability to 'tell a story'; and of some critics with a vested interest in Christian or specifically Catholic literature. Its components-scene and symbols, work, The Third Man in 1950; it provides the framework of The Quiet American in 1955; and it is almost the entire substance of The Comedians ten years later, pp, his Catholicism reveals. Where did Scobie go "wrong"; what was the nature of Greene's painful and astounding reassessment of the theme that had lain at the heart of his own beliefs and of the Western world's convictions since the 1930s. He has to be a God made in our image with a night side as well as a day side.
Target SSC CGL 2016- Mixed Quiz set 23 1. Non-violence as taught and practised by Mahatma Gandhi is rooted in the Indian Doctrine of .....? A Swaraj B Swadeshi C Satyagraha D Ahimsa 2. The social Contract theory deals with.......? A The purpose of State B The Origin of the State C The nature of State D The Functions of State Ans- B 3. Who was the founder of the Aligarh Movement? A Syed amir Ali B Maulvi Chiragh Ali C Sir Syed Ahmed Khan D Abdul Halim Sharar Ans- C 4. Prince of Pilgrims was name attributed to.......? A Plutarch B Hiuen Tsang C Fa-Hien D I-Tsing 5. Where did Budha deliver his first sermon? A Sarnath B Rajagriha C Kapilavastu D Bodh-Gaya 6. The BSE Sensex is based on how many stocks? A 80 B 100 C 30 D 50 Ans- C 7. In a pin-hole camera, we usually get.....? A erect impression B inverted impression C erect image D inverted image Ans- B 8. Which year is called as the Demographic divide? A 1941 B 1921 C 1901 D 1931 9. Eutrophication is associated with.......? A Nitrates and Phosphates B Sewage C Silt load D Vegetaion Ans- A 10. Dry ice is the condensed form of.........? A Sulphur tri-oxide B carbon dioxide C highly cooled water D oxygen Ans- B Previous Post Next Post
Skip to main content Skip to page content Skip Navigation LinksPennsylvania Department of Health > My Health > A-Z Health Topics > U-Z > Zika virus > About Zika Virus Zika virus occurs in tropical areas with large mosquito populations, and is known to circulate in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, South America, Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico. To see a map of currently affected areas, visit the CDC's website. The virus was first discovered in 1947. Zika outbreaks have probably occurred in many locations in the past, but the first documented outbreak occurred in 2007. In May 2015, the current Zika virus outbreak started in Brazil. Since then, it has been reported in many other countries and territories. It will likely continue to spread to new areas. Zika virus is spread primarily to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species of mosquito. Zika virus cannot be transmitted through casual contact. Symptoms of Zika Virus It is not clear how long it takes to become ill after being bitten by an infected mosquito, but it is likely between three-12 days. The symptoms, which are usually mild and last for two to seven days, include: • Fever; • Rash; • Muscle and/or joint pain; • Conjunctivitis (red eyes); and • Headache. Severe illness requiring hospitalization is uncommon. Deaths from Zika virus are rare. However, pregnant women who are infected with Zika virus have a greater risk of babies born with microcephaly, a birth defect where the baby’s head is smaller than expected, or other birth defects. There have also been rare reports of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and other neurological conditions. Diagnosing Zika Virus Symptoms of Zika virus are similar to several other diseases, so diagnosing Zika virus requires a blood and/or urine test. See your health care provider if you develop the symptoms described above and have visited an area where Zika is found. Tell your provider when and where you traveled. Some testing may be able available at commercial labs, but others require coordination with the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Treating Zika Virus There are no vaccines or medications available to prevent or treat Zika virus. If you are ill with symptoms of Zika virus: • Get plenty of rest. • Drink fluids to prevent dehydration. • Take medicine, such as acetaminophen, to reliever fever and pain. Do not take aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), like ibuprofen and naproxen, until dengue virus infection is ruled out.
Wisdom Teeth • Medical Author: Steven B. Horne, DDS • Medical Editor: Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD Shocking Diseases of the Mouth What are wisdom teeth? How do I know if I have wisdom teeth? Do all wisdom teeth need to be extracted? Not all wisdom teeth need to be extracted. When a wisdom tooth erupts cleanly through the tissue without compromising the adjacent tooth, the wisdom tooth can be retained in the mouth with little concern as long as the person is able to brush, floss, and clean it thoroughly. The condition of the wisdom teeth changes a lot between the ages of 16 and 23; it is imperative that wisdom teeth are examined regularly by a dental professional to determine the proper diagnosis and course of action in this age group. There are certain situations, however, where extraction of wisdom teeth is absolutely necessary. The wisdom tooth may erupt at an angle such that the adjacent molar can become difficult to keep clean and free of dental caries. Sometimes the position of the wisdom tooth will cause deep periodontal pockets, gum disease or recession around the adjacent tooth, and should be removed before too much damage is caused to the much more critical second molars. If there isn’t sufficient room in the mouth for the wisdom teeth and they are trying to erupt, they may cause significant pressure on the surrounding teeth and tissues. This pressure can result in a bad headache, jaw pain/stiffness or tooth pain that is only resolved by removing the wisdom teeth. The pressure can give the impression that the wisdom teeth are causing crowded teeth. If the third molar has erupted through the tissue but is without opposing occlusion (contact with other teeth), extraction should still be considered. Considering the posterior position of an erupted wisdom tooth, these teeth are often difficult to keep clean. If wisdom teeth get tooth decay, it is usually best to extract them instead of removing the decay and fixing wisdom teeth with fillings, root canals, or crowns. These treatments that are indicated for the rest of the teeth, are often less successful in treating wisdom teeth due to their position in the back of the mouth. Removal of a wisdom tooth is indicated if the tooth has partially erupted through the gingival tissue, causing inflammation and/or infection. This condition is called a partially erupted, or partially impacted wisdom tooth. A soft-tissue growth over a partially erupted wisdom tooth is referred to as an operculum. If bacteria become trapped under the operculum, an infection called pericoronitis can develop. Wisdom Tooth Picture What are signs and symptoms of an infected wisdom tooth? Pericoronitis is one of the most common indications for emergency extraction of a wisdom tooth and typically happens when there isn't enough room for all of the teeth in the lower jaw. Infection symptoms are red, swollen gum tissue behind the last visible molar, bad taste/smell, pain with biting in the back teeth, and sometimes pus oozing and draining from the area. Occasionally, the infection will lead to swelling of the gum tissue, cheek, or other area around the affected side of the jaw. Swelling can cause pressure on adjacent structures and can radiate to the ear causing an intense earache. Sometimes an ear infection or a sinus infection can cause pain that radiates to the teeth as well, so it is very important to get examined whenever there is suspicion of infection. If there is swelling, infection, difficulty swallowing or breathing, fever, or intense pain, priority needs to be given to getting the wisdom teeth out as soon as possible. Antibiotics may be prescribed to help keep an infection from getting worse or spreading for a very short while. Warm saltwater rinse or antibacterial mouth rinse and OTC painkillers can be used as short-term remedies for tooth pain until more definitive treatment can be obtained. Some large dental schools may offer emergency evaluation and/or tooth extraction. Are home remedies effective for treating wisdom tooth pain? A variety of home remedies have been suggested for help with symptomatic wisdom teeth. While home remedies can be helpful if used to provide temporary relief, they are not alternatives to seeking a diagnosis and proper treatment from a licensed dentist or oral surgeon. With prolonged use, they can actually worsen the condition by making the symptom less noticeable while allowing the source of infection, tooth decay, or pain increase until it spreads or causes more severe consequences. In certain situations, however, the following home remedies can be helpful: 1. Clove oil: Clove oil contains eugenol, which is a natural numbing agent. Place a few drops on a cotton ball and place it adjacent to the area causing pain. If used for very long, it can cause irritation or burns to the tongue or other tissues, and the pain will return soon after removing the clove. 2. Saltwater: Saltwater has a cleansing effect that battles bacterial infections. If a wisdom tooth has pericoronitis or another type of abscess, a saltwater rinse can help clean the infected area until the source is treated. Dissolve a small amount of salt in warm water and swish for 30 seconds one to two times per day. This can also help after wisdom teeth are removed to help keep the sockets free from debris and infection. Saltwater won't permanently cure an infection if the source is a poorly positioned or decayed wisdom tooth. 3. Garlic: Garlic also works to stop the growth of bacteria that cause infections. Make a paste with minced garlic and salt and apply it to the problem area to help control an infection until a dentist can diagnose the condition. The strong odor of garlic is difficult to withstand for too long though. 4. Tea bag: Various types of tea have natural properties that can help problems associated with wisdom tooth pain and extraction. Peppermint tea has numbing properties and can provide temporary relief of pain by applying a cooled tea bag to the painful site. Black tea contains tannic acid, which helps stop bleeding by inducing clot formation. If a wisdom tooth has been extracted and the bleeding won't stop with pressure after an hour, place a moistened tea bag on the bleeding area and bite down gently to provide pressure. Again, people should contact a dentist as soon as possible as the above home remedies will not cure the underlying problem and may mask a more serious condition. How is wisdom tooth extraction performed? Once it has been determined that a wisdom tooth is problematic, extraction by an oral surgeon or qualified general dentist is usually indicated. Local anesthesia is administered to ensure the tooth can be pulled out without any major discomfort. Many people will choose conscious sedation (being put into a sleepy state where pain signals are blocked) so they have little or no memory of having the wisdom teeth extracted. A minor surgery is then performed where the tissue and bone around the wisdom tooth are removed so that the tooth can be cleanly extracted from the socket. Several stitches may be needed to close the surgical site and promote healing of the overlying tissue. These stitches may either be dissolvable stitches that come out on their own after three to five days or stitches that need to be removed by the surgeon after a certain period of time. What is the recovery time after wisdom teeth extraction? The initial recovery and healing from wisdom tooth extraction usually occurs over about three to five days. It is normal to have slight bleeding (oozing) from the site considering the surgical procedure performed. The minor bleeding (oozing) after extraction should start to ease after the first 24 hours. When the anesthesia wears off, there may be jaw stiffness, difficulty opening the mouth all the way, and some pain. Pain medication is often prescribed to help with any postoperative symptoms and discomfort. Usually, Tylenol, an ice pack, and a mild narcotic is enough to provide pain relief. Some patients may be prescribed antibiotics. The patient will be asked to eat soft foods for a few days and avoid spicy foods, tobacco and alcohol use, and excessive exercise for three to four days following surgery. One of the most important things to remember is to avoid smoking after wisdom teeth removal. Smoking will delay the healing process and increase the chance of postoperative pain and complications. The best remedies for pain following extraction are rest and giving the area time to heal. Adhering to the postoperative instructions of the surgeon is important to minimize any complications. Complete healing of the gums may take three to four weeks. What can I eat after getting my wisdom teeth out? While it is hard to eat for the first few days following tooth extraction, it is important not to skip meals and to stay well nourished to help maintain strength and heal faster. For the first day or two, it is best to eat mostly soft foods or liquids like smoothies, yogurt, shakes, pureed foods, soups, pudding, etc. It is best to avoid drinking through a straw and eating extremely hot or spicy foods. Also, foods that can get caught in the extraction socket like nuts, rice, seeds, and popcorn should be avoided. As the extraction areas start to heal, regular foods that require chewing can be slowly introduced back into the diet depending on the comfort of the person. What are the potential risks and complications of wisdom teeth extraction? Although the postoperative recovery is usually uneventful, problems can occur. The most common adverse occurrence of a wisdom tooth extraction is a dry socket or alveolar osteitis. This condition is created when the blood clot in the surgical site accidentally dislodges, leaving exposed bone Once this occurs, the bone along the extraction socket can become inflamed and painful. If it happens, a dry socket will typically develop between two and five days after the extraction and will produce a bad smell/taste in the mouth along with constant throbbing pain. If a dry socket occurs, the surgeon should be contacted. This complication is easily treated and often resolves quickly with a packing medication or stimulation of a new blood clot. More serious complications are rare but can include injury to the adjacent inferior alveolar nerve for wisdom teeth on the bottom of the mouth (mandible), sinus perforation for wisdom teeth on the top of the mouth (maxilla), damage to adjacent teeth, prolonged numbness or altered sensation of the tongue, lip, or gum tissue (paresthesia), or problems with the temporomandibular joint as a result of trauma to the area. The potential risks of wisdom tooth extraction should be reviewed with a dentist. If a wisdom tooth is deemed compromised, removal of the tooth in adolescence is advantageous to extracting the tooth in late adulthood. The extraction procedure and healing both become more difficult as the person gets older. Discussion with a dentist about the condition of the wisdom teeth and timeline for the extractions is important and will help minimize complications. How much does wisdom tooth removal cost? The cost of the procedure is often dependent on whether the tooth is impacted or not and can range from about $100 to $600 dollars per tooth. The cost can increase if sedation is needed or requested. Najjar, T., et al. "Tooth Extraction." Medscape.com. Apr. 4, 2013. Neville, Brad W., et al. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders Company, 2002. Last Editorial Review: 5/26/2016 Reviewed on 5/26/2016 Health Solutions From Our Sponsors
T.E.R:R.A.I.N - Taranaki Educational Resource: Research, Analysis and Information Network Tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Meliphagidae Genera: Prosthermadera Species: Novaeseelandiae Scientific Name: Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae Common name: Tui, Parson bird, poe bee-eater, New Zealand creeper, koko, mocking bird. The Tui is a native to New Zealand. There is one species and two sub species. Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae (Is the South Island Tui). The North Island tui is Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae ssp. Novaeseelandiae (called the Mainland Tui) and Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae ssp. Chathamensis (The Chatham Island Tui). The Tui is one of the largest members of the diverse honey eater family. Their size is 30 cm male and a 120 gm, female at 90 gm. Looks black in dull light, but has green, bluish-purple and bronze iridescent sheen, back and flanks dark reddish brown; with two white throat tufts (poi), a lacy collar of filamentous white feathers on neck; white wing bar; slightly curved black bill and strong black legs. Sexes are a like. Juvenile dull slate black with glossy wings and tail, greyish-white throat, lacks tufts. They are energetic and acrobatic while feeding in trees on nectar and fruit. They are very noisy birds, always “carrying on”, chortling and chuckling, before bursting into a marvellous song. (see link below). Its song has rich fluid melodic notes (often repeated) mixed with coughs, clicks, grunts and wheezesy. It lives in native forests and scrub, farmland with kowhai, gums and flax, parks and local gardens. Male Tui can be extremely aggressive, chasing all other birds (large and small) from their territory with loud flapping and sounds akin to rude human speech. This is especially true of other Tui when possession of a favoured feeding tree is impinged. Birds will often erect their body feathers in order to appear larger in an attempt to intimidate a rival. They have even been known to mob harriers and magpies. Nectar is the normal diet but fruit and insects are frequently eaten, and pollen and seeds more occasionally. Particularly popular is the New Zealand flax, whose nectar sometimes ferments, resulting in the Tui flying in a fashion that suggests that they might be drunk. Tui are the main pollinators of flax, kowhai, kaka beak and some other plants. Note that the flowers of the three plants mentioned are similar in shape to the Tui's beak—a vivid example of mutualistic coevolution. Breeding takes place during Sept-Feb. During this time they can be seen to perform a mating display of rising at speed in a vertical climb in clear air, before stalling and dropping into a powered dive, then repeating. Females alone build untidy nests of twigs, grasses and mosses. Early Maori use to preserve and eat them This is and interesting link to and article by Geoff Moon of watching magpies trying to atttack tui young in a nest.http://www.tuitime.org.nz/info_nest/story1.htm The tui singing its complicated songa A Tui feeding on A Tui feeding on Phormium cookianum, Mountain flax, wharariki Two tui nests high in the trees.Visible after leaves have fallen. Old tui nest
Section 6: Italics 6.1 Emphasis Italics can be used occasionally for emphasis. 6.2 Foreign words and phrases Italicize foreign words and phrases that are likely to be unfamiliar to readers. 6.3 Titles of publications and other works Titles of books, journals, movies, magazines and plays are italicized; articles, chapters and poems are not.
Learner or User? Duncan introduced ‘inner game’ theory in last week’s post which highlights the importance of attitudinal factors underlying effective language learning. If we accept that, like sports coaches, it isn’t enough just to train students to be better speakers without examining the psychological barriers to success, then a primary goal in affective teaching is to address the ‘fear and self-doubt’ that learners may feel tackling a foreign language. As an early step, students might benefit from exploring their feelings and attitudes that help or hinder them in their ‘language lives’; a bit of ‘metacognitive self-awareness raising’. I gave my class this to read and chat about one evening. You could do, too. What’s your relationship with English? How do you define yourself in this relationship? We have different names for ourselves depending on what we are doing. A person walking in the street is called a pedestrian, for example, whereas someone driving a car is a motorist. But what about when you are speaking or listening to English – at work and at home, on holiday, online, on the phone, on TV, in the classroom? How do you define yourself in this part of your life? There are a number of names you could give yourself. One is ‘non-native English speaker’. It’s estimated that non-native English speakers outnumber native English speakers by approximately 2 to 1, so if you are not from an English-speaking country but you do speak English, you are in a very big majority! But how useful is it to define yourself in this way, as something you are not? Nowadays English is used all over the world by people of all nationalities with people from other non-English-speaking countries. To say “I’m not a native-speaker” seems irrelevant. OK, so what about these terms: ‘global native’ or ‘world citizen’? Is English your passport to travel the world? Are you ‘bilingual’ or even a ‘polyglot’? Do you pride yourself in your linguistic skills? An ‘anglophile’, perhaps? Do you love the culture as much as the lingo? Are you a ‘digital native’, who uses English to live a life online? How do you feel about these names? Can you relate to any of them? Perhaps the most common name people call themselves in relation to their English is this one: ‘English learner’. Which makes sense! After all, a lot of your time with English is probably spent studying it. Your relationship with English may have started in the classroom; books you read in English are mostly textbooks and dictionaries; if you speak much English it’s often with teachers. But stop and think about this for a second. Is English more something you learn or something you do? Is it a subject to learn like physics and history or is it a skill to use such as cooking or information technology? People don’t often learn to cook in any formal way, we just start making omelettes. They become better at cooking by… well, by cooking! Also, by calling yourself a learner, aren’t you saying you haven’t really started yet? A learner driver wears his ‘L’ badge as a warning to other drivers, but you don’t need to tell people you can’t speak English very well. Say “Hello” to someone who doesn’t speak your language and you are participating in a community who understand each other and articulate their needs, beliefs and desires to one another with a common language. It might be useful to compare the way we talk about our English skills with the way we describe our computer skills. You are probably a regular ‘I.T. user’, a person who downloads mp3s, sends emails and surfs the web. You might be an expert programmer or, like me, a basic user, but the distinction isn’t important – the fact that you’re not very fluent with a mouse doesn’t stop you using one. We are all IT users… Can’t we all just be ‘English users’, too? (This was a post from Daniel) 2 Responses to Learner or User? 1. Pingback: Masterminding for Learner Coaching and Empowerment \| Learner Coaching ELT 2. Pingback: Guest post: Gabriella Kovács \| Learner Coaching ELT Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
ADHD or Trauma?–The Likelihood for Mistaken Diagnosis trauma brain Clinicians working with traumatized children and adolescents have long noticed–and noted–that it was not unusual for children with trauma histories to be diagnosed (and possibly all too often misdiagnosed) with ADHD. What complicates the clinical picture is that a child can have ADHD and trauma history (or Autism and trauma history). In fact, children with ADHD and children with communication disorders are more likely to be maltreated than children without these issues. As the article below states, and what is very important to take into account, is the need to rule out trauma as the cause–or contributor–to the child’s clinical presentation, rather than simply assume that a distracted, inattentive child has ADHD. Assessment needs to address the possibility of trauma, and intervention approaches must be adjusted accordingly. For example, medication for ADHD may not be appropriate for a child whose inattentiveness is due to hypervigilance. It is crucial to ensure that past trauma be treated and ongoing trauma be addressed, so that the child can let go of the coping skills adopted to manage overwhelm. The article is copied below. You can also read it on the original webpage by clicking on the title below. For more information about trauma and development, click here. News Analysis: Are We Misdiagnosing Childhood Traumas as ADHD? Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) receive a diagnosis based on their behavior: age-inappropriate fidgeting, inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and trouble sitting still and concentrating. However, according to new research presented today at the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting in Vancouver, Canada, these behaviors may also be linked to childhood trauma. A research team analyzed data about 65,680 children ages 6 to 17. (The data was taken from the 2011-2o12 National Survey of Children’s Health.) The children’s parents answered questions about whether their kids had been diagnosed with ADHD, how severe their symptoms were, and whether they were taking any ADHD medications. The parents also reported on whether the children had had any of nine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): poverty, divorce, the death of a parent or guardian, domestic violence, neighborhood violence, substance abuse, incarceration, familial mental illness, or discrimination. “Diagnoses of ADHD have increased over the last decade, and there has been a concomitant rise in stimulant medication use,” said Nicole Brown, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore and lead author of the study, in an interview with Healthline. “Many of my patients also experience trauma during childhood, which often exacerbates ADHD symptoms and poses diagnostic challenges with respect to teasing out whether their symptoms directly result from the trauma they experience.” About 12 percent of the children who participated in the survey had been diagnosed with ADHD. Parents reported that these children had also experienced higher rates of all of types of ACEs than children without ADHD. The children with ADHD were also more likely to have experienced a greater number of adverse events. Seventeen percent of children with ADHD had experienced four or more ACEs, as opposed to 6 percent of children without ADHD. The children who had dealt with four or more ACEs were almost three times are likely to be using an ADHD medication as children with three or fewer ACEs, and their parents rated their ADHD as being more severe. ADHD and Trauma: The Chicken and the Egg How is ADHD connected to stress and trauma? There could be a number of explanations. First, it’s possible that doctors are simply mistaking the signs of trauma in children for ADHD. “What we find is that there is often an overlap in the symptoms of children who have ADHD and children who have experienced trauma, particularly small children,” said Alicia Lieberman, professor and vice chair for academic affairs at the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and the director of the Child Trauma Research Program at San Francisco General Hospital, in an interview with Healthline. “The inability to concentrate, the fidgetiness, the inability to pay attention, the distractibility, the restlessness, and the irritability are often behaviors that trigger a diagnosis of ADHD. And often, the people making the diagnosis do not ask what happened to the child, what kind of experiences the child has had.” Brown agrees that this may explain her findings. “Studies have also shown that symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder resulting from adverse life events closely resemble ADHD symptoms, so there is a high likelihood for clinicians to diagnose ADHD and overlook a possible trauma history,” she said. Another explanation is that children with ADHD may be more likely to get into trouble and to experience traumatic events as a result. “Children with ADHD can become more impulsive, can be more annoying to parents that might be depleted, so children with ADHD might be at greater risk for being maltreated or getting into accidents, which might in turn trigger PTSD,” explained Lieberman. Finally, researchers know that stress in the early life environment might affect the development of the brain. “It’s also possible that being exposed to a traumatic event increases the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders that have a range of manifestations, including anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and ADHD,” Lieberman said. “When a child is presenting difficult behavior, the first thing to ask is ‘What happened to the child?’ rather than ‘What is wrong with the child?’” Under this lens, ADHD is only one of many possible outcomes that can result from early-life trauma. And even then, ADHD might just be a sign of what’s to come. “We know that early life adversity produces developmental changes consistent with ADHD, but it produces many other effects as well,” explained Regina Sullivan, a professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine. “As a child is developing, and there’s a neurobehavioral deficit, how that is expressed changes during development. ADHD can sometimes be symptoms of neurobehavioral problems that will emerge later in development.” Sullivan added, “Early life trauma and stress can interact with genetics to produce different disorders based on the age the trauma was experienced and the particular type of stress or trauma. Different-aged children, and children with different genetics, and children with different personalities, will respond differently to a given stress.” Are We Medicalizing Stress? Rising rates of ADHD diagnosis and medication use raise the question: are we turning normal levels of life stress into a medical condition? Lieberman points out that more than 60 percent of children report that they have been exposed to some kind of victimization in the previous year, and more than 10 percent have had five or more exposures. For many children, ACEs aren’t rare, they’re the norm. And when kids are under stress, they’re more likely to act out. “When a child is presenting difficult behavior, the first thing to ask is ‘What happened to the child?’ rather than ‘What is wrong with the child?’” said Lieberman. “The recommendation that the authors of the study make about the importance of screening for trauma exposure in every child that is showing symptoms that can be associated with ADHD is extraordinarily important and timely.” In these circumstances, medications probably aren’t the answer. “While stimulant medications may prove beneficial for some children, they may not be the most effective management strategy for all children,” said Brown. “Children with ADHD diagnoses who have experienced trauma may additionally benefit from specific behavioral interventions that are tailored to addressing their underlying trauma histories.” However, Sullivan cautions against drawing too many conclusions about a child’s past from his or her diagnosis of ADHD. “Not all children with ADHD have had early life adversity,” she said. ADHD also isn’t necessarily a sign of other disorders to come. “Sometimes, when someone has ADHD, they maintain those ADHD symptoms throughout life, changing somewhat, but they still have the diagnosis of ADHD.” It will be many years before the root causes of ADHD are fully understood. Until then, doctors must try to figure out which symptoms are caused by trauma, while also ensuring that children with ADHD get proper treatment for the disorder itself. Feedback welcome! Please leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Category Archives: smntks 101 The Fame Monster note: some strong language is contained in this article In our super saturated ocean of media, there are lots of celebrities floating around. Musicians and entertainers, famous politicians or notorious bad boys, and even a ton of people famous for…well…being famous. Is seems as though everyone is famous for something. You can get famous in just a few hours just by writing a tweet, posting a video, even just being captured in an image. Ken Bone listens to Democratic presidential nominee Clinton debate Republican nominee Trump during their presidential debate in St. Louis Ken Bone became an overnight sensation after his appearance in a presidential debate town hall In a 24-7 media environment, fame seems to be almost as important as money, power, and status. In days gone by children dreamed of growing up to be doctors, lawyers, firefighters or ballerinas. Studied in 2007 by Uhls and Greenfield, the number one thing children wanted to be was famous. So what is fame? How do you get it and who gets to keep it? And once you have it, is it worth it? In this article, we’re going to look at the price of celebrity, not only for people who rocket their way to stardom but for our whole culture: how does fame change the world you live in? In just a minute we’re going to look back in history to see how fame is different now than it was before. To start off, though, we’re going to hear from this guy. Andy Warhol, artist, portrait, himself, white background This is Andy Warhol an American artist. If you’ve ever seen these paintings of a soup can or these of Marilyn Monroe, then you’re familiar with his work. Warhol was really interested in breaking down the line between high art—classical paintings and work important in the world of art—and low art, like soup cans and Hollywood actresses. Warhol was instrumental in the pop culture world. His work and his fascination with popular culture made the mundane seem special, where before only the great works of literature and art were worth studying. To Warhol, though, even the basic items of people’s everyday life were worth examining. Warhol made art, went to parties, and, through his public activities and an art house nee club called The Factory, Warhol was also interested in making celebrities. He famously discovered British model Twiggy and helped to catapult her to stardom, making one of the first supermodels. Perhaps Warhol’s most famous quote is this:in the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes. Look, he didn’t mean that everybody should be famous, or that this was like a squad goal. He was predicting that as the tools to become famous are more available, more people would use those media tools to achieve fame. Was he right? You better believe it. Sweet Brown, famous for saying, “Ain’t nobody got time for that,” in a local news report. As we’ve learned, media messages have an impact on our perception of the world. Remember Gerbner’s Cultivation Theory that states that the more we watch TV the more likely we are to replace our own perception of reality with ideas from media. Media messages tell us what is important, what is worth doing, and who matters. Celebrities are like super-peers, acting as an image that we are to aspire to, so who are celebrities are will impact the norms beliefs and values of that culture. In the early days of movies and TV, there were only three television channels, and programming only lasted part of the day. That meant that being on TV was a more unique experience than it is now, something affording to a very small number of people. Now, with over 1000 TV channels, billions of YouTube videos and a camera in every pocket, we have a lot more channels than we used to have, and we have to fill up those channels with something. Simply put, the space for fame has changed dramatically, so the number of people in our culture that fill that space is larger than ever. Consider for a moment how fame has changed over time with these pairings of famous celebs from then and now. This slideshow requires JavaScript. So how did fame become so easily available? The process hinted at by Warhol decades ago is something that media theorist Graeme Turner calls the demotic turn. Not demonic—though sometimes fame is a little devilish—demotic, as in everybody gets a turn. Here is Turners definition: slide06You’ll notice that Turner isn’t talking about how important or amazing individuals are. He’s talking about getting people to fill the space that we have for fame—who is the it girl actress of the day, who’s everybody’s favorite hero or villain, who it the bad boy of the moment: these are all roles in our media culture. Any person who has the chance to occupy one of these rolls becomes famous—usually not for long, not because of any great accomplishment, but because they are fulfilling a role, playing a stereotype in the culture that gains lots of attention. We think what makes a celebrity a celebrity is some special and magical quality, but more likely, they are an individual that fits a role in our media culture, they’re cast in that role and rocketed to stardom, whether they wanted it—or deserved it—or not. Turner calls them celetoids. Notoriety, name recognition, relevance: these are the keys to fame. It’s not about being the best, the most or the only, but about being the most widely known. Being a celebrity these days is about nothing so much as it is about being popular. The more followers, likes and fans one has, the more you can make the case that you are a valuable commodity in our media environment. Remember in a capitalist media structure, the main goal is to sell product—so anyone that’s going to get lots of attention becomes a valuable commodity media companies can use to improve their bottom line. Whether you’re trying to save all the puppies and kitties, or if you are a horrible human through and through, if everyone’s talking about you then you can be the star. But just like the most popular kid in your graduating high school class—not everyone that’s popular has earned all the respect they get. Reality TV stars are especially controlled by their relevance factor. Shows may shoot a variety of people for a season, but only those most interesting to fans will get big story lines on the show. So it’s not the nicest, smartest, or most generous, but the most divisive, most engaging, most attention-seeking characters will get the biggest story lines, therefore the most popularity, setting up a cycle that privileges explosive and outrageous behavior over behavior we may find more acceptable in our own personal relationships. Drink throwing, tuna catching fights, father-son bike-remodeling arguments, circling sharks in the Shark Tank: conflict drives reality TV, more than other scripted shows even. Why and how is reality TV so important? We’ve got to get into our time machine and go waaaaaay back to the not so groovy days of the 2007-2008 Television season. Reality TV is certainly very tightly controlled in the process of production to shape stories and creating interesting plots out of people’s everyday activities. While I am sure that your life is full of drama, there’s probably not enough for a 16-episode season. Producers ramp up fights, gossip, conflict and disagreement all to build more exciting stories. Yes they make up stories, and even tell people what to say and how to act, but one thing reality shows don’t have is union writers. The media industry has very strong labor unions—the Screen Actors Guild and the Writers Guild of America in Hollywood to name just a couple. Every TV show that has a script has to use a union writer. But in 2007-2008 TV season, there was writer’s strike. The Writers’ Guild of America went on strike and that meant that no shows that used a script could be made. What were the TV networks to do? Instead, TV networks turned to reality TV—free from union writers—to fill airtime. Instead of new dramas, TV was awash in reality shows. The networks learned something interesting—first, viewers watched the reality programming instead of totally turning off TV altogether, and second, reality TV was much cheaper to produce. There were no expensive actors, no scripts to pay for or costumes. Instead, regular people stepped up for their chance to be a celetoid. So enough viewers + cheaper production costs=more profit. What looked to be a losing TV season turned out to be a very profitable one, and the proliferation of reality TV continued. Whether we’re talking about A-list celebrities or just the hero of the day from the latest viral video our media culture is absolutely obsessed with fame. Media technologies have made it easier than ever for someone to be known to millions, sometimes billions of people. That kind of power just wasn’t available to anyone in centuries past. Now that this era is here, analysis of who is famous can help shed light on the values of our culture. The people that we make famous are a reflection of the cultural values that are most relevant at a given time. Remember, it’s not about what is right, good, just or best, but about what is popular—the lowest common denominator. In media studies, the Uses and Gratifications Theory says that we use media to help satisfy our urges, needs and desire. But how does media decide what people need? Using psychologist Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, we can look at the needs that are most basic, and therefore most common versus those that needs that require basic needs to be met before we pursue them, thereby being less common concerns in the viewing audience. Those needs that are most common are likely to draw the biggest viewing audience for a media production. For example, think of the old adage that sex sells. Sex is a basic human drive, along with food, shelter, and so on. That means that media representations that feature messages about sex are going to appeal to anyone who has sex, wants to have sex, has had sex, or is interested in sex: that’s pretty huge audience. By contrast, the need for self-actualization—a deep and complex understanding of yourself and your life’s purpose—is a higher level need. Sure it may be great to sell yoga classes with ideas about self-actualization, but for many people, this idea may not be as relevant to their life at a particular time. Needs that are higher level, like self-actualization or belonging are sure to attract people, but it will be a more narrow audience than those basic human needs. Now it’s time to leave you with some questions to keep in mind while you navigate our fame-obsessed culture. Think about some of the most famous people in our media universe and think about why they’re famous. What does their fame tell us about what we think is important or worth watching? Are we encouraged to focus on people who are doing what is right or just relevant? Are celebrities and celetoids truly powerful, or are they media product? And if they are products, do they really deserve our time, attention and hard earned money? There won’t be one answer—there isn’t just one kind of famous person. The next time you decide to be a fan of a celebrity, take a second to think about fame, and make sure they’ve earned your attention. Beautiful Choices, Illusive Freedom According to the ASPCA there are over 70 million pet dogs int he US. each one, to it’s human, is a little fuzz ball of love. So how could popele possibly judge the best dog in show in a matter of momments, without even a good ball throw? Turns out, the best dog in show isn’t, surprise, the best dog there. 8cb640dfb3e7732b6e1e62f5f4076d00.jpgDogs in dog shows are juded against their breed convention. This means the best dog is defined as the dog that most closely fits the rules for how that breed of dog shoul look. None of the qualtiies that make you love your dog–fun, cuddly, playful, loyal–matter in the ring. Its all about fitting the form as laid out by the Kennel club hosting the show. Critics of dog shows say that the focus on sucha narrow set of qualities leads to unethical breeding practices, including inbreeding, resulting in harm to the dogs, all in the name of the perfect pup. Like those dogs in the ring, human beauty takes the shape of conforming to a narrow set of norms. This comes as no suprise to you smarty pants that you are. A quick look around our culture shows us just how narrow the ideas of ideal beauty can be. From magazine covers vogue covers.jpg To youtube videos that assure us their process is sound in choosing the 100 most beautiful women out of 7.5 billion humans. To the way models are chosen to represent “every woman of every age” Since images of women who conform to beauty conventions are everywhere, they become the norm. We don’t have to read into these convention to know that they are conveying the expectations for those in the culture. It is explicitly stated over and over that theis is the expectation: 1D274907109615-141029-VS-perfect-body-2001.jpgAnd that meeting those expectations is tied to your consuption of products and services. Where do these ideas about the body and beauty come from? Biology, history, culture, art–any number of spheres of human experience influence what you, today think is beautiful. A biologist might say that many of the thing we think of that make the human body beautiful may be tied to our own desire to mate and procreate. In the clip below British zoologist Desmond Morris looks at our beauty norms and connects them with our animal nature. Or we can go farther back, before greeks gods–or greeks for that matter. Anicient indigenous cultures around the world have their own ideas of beauty that have nothing to do with the Greek norms. Venus, Oshun, and and Lakshmi are all goddesses of beauty in their respective culutres. Just like today’s conventional beauties, these goddesses are young, unblemished, shapely and fair of face. Unlike today’s princesses, they did more than look hot: they invented love, created arts and culture or grew wealth. These ancient codes come to us from across the world and thousands of years of human civilization. Each human group, each era puts its own stamp on the idea of beauty as it marches across history. Whether beauty is desirable for display or designed to remain carefully hidden, the construct remains important, especially in structuring relationships among and between genders. It’s important to consider who it is that is deciding and defining these cultural norms. Those that make the definitions wield power over the culture, since values and norms are not held in a vacuum, but are closely tied to societal benefits and consequences. In western civilisation, early ideas of beauty are debated by the thinkers, writers and artist of the time. Here from the Ennead Plotinus makes it clear that adherence to form–our dog show rule–is the rule for human beauty as well: Plotinus, 22 [Ennead I, 6] Artist of the time were pretty obsessed with the idea. Polyclitus, a 5th century sculptor wrote a treatise on the perfect form and in case you were unclear, he created a companion statue that showed what he purported to be the ideal human form–and here he is! Not your cup of tea? Philosophers like Humes and Kant believed beauty to be entirely subjective–it’s in the eye of the beholder, so to speak. Therefore, there were no hard and fast rules about what made someone–or something for that matter–beautiful. Problem solved—especially for important people who were a little less than hot. Wealth, status, mothering and godliness could give one the gentle glow of beauty in the 19th century. The domesticity-and-godliness school of beauty was faced with growing challenges created by the industrial revolution. Along with electricity and cars, new fabrics and textiles and new fabrications methods meant new kinds of clothing came into style. The wide availablity of cheap cotton along with the invention and eveoloution of the home sewing mchine meant fashion had come to the masses. Of course now that you could sew it yourself, why make the same old thing? More form fitting, more comfortable clothes with lighter fabircs took place of heavy mulitlayered clothes. Whale bone shapers of the 18th and 19th century gave way to steel and then lighter plastic based fabric in the 20th century. New fabrics and new fashions were accopanied by new values that encouraged women to participate in efforts to make themselves more beautiful. Later, an increasingly industrial society meant that women had leaisure time freed up by new inventions like the dishwasher, refriderator and washing machine. 50s dress pattern So far it seems as though it’s not just ideas about beauty and gender identity, but also the cold gears of capitalism that are grinding women into new shapes in the contemporary world. In our own time we are seeing again shifting images of bodies that are considered attractive or acceptable. Is this born out of a new genration’s desire for equality and freedom? Maybe not. A typical fashiion model is a size 0, 2 or 4, but the average size woman in America is a size 12-14. Plus size models are typically a size 8 while plus size clothing starts at 14. Its not just the line between traiditional and plus sizing as well. The sizes themselves shift with consumer attitudes and the demands of the market. Vanity sizing is a process by which stores rename sizes to make consumers think they fit a smaller size. Check out some of your favorite retailers below. dress size 8 In a world where language, image and lived reality are so wildly different no wonder women feel such conflict over body size and shape. We have no shared way to describe ourselves or each other and our ideas are constatntly being manipulated in order to increase profits. There seems to be a lot of push back–any number of campaigns that seek to challenge traditional beauty standards by featuring bodies typically unseen or not described in desirable terms. Dove is most known for their Real Women campaign: While people were busy looking at these “atypical bodies” many failed to notice the accompanying product and copy was less celebratory and more antagonistic to those bodies. The product that was being advertised in the original ad series was a thigh firming cream. on the one hand, your body is acceptable enough to be a part of the marketplace, and by the way, your thighs are disgusting. Additionally, later reports show that the campaign had used photoshop for retouching of the women who were size 4-12. Lots of ad campaigns have come out to “celebrate” real beauty. Ads feature women whose size is often invisible on fashion runways.Before you start to celebrate, many of the images of “real women” are as skewed as unrealistic conventional standards. These ads maintain many of the conventions of a desirable body–young, cellulite free, relatively smooth belly, coke bottle shape, smooth skin. aerie-realI mean, did this woman need to be retouched? No. We are certainly seeing a variety of body sizes, but what is being defined as increaing diversity is merely a slightly broadening of what is acceptable. Women who are visible constinue to maintain the age-old conventions of beauty and appeal to sexuality. Instead we are withnessing a calculated move to expand the customer base in some industries while protecting that wide number of industries that rely on continued unrealistic body images and standards. This is a careful line to walk for multinationals like Unilever who owns both dove and Slimfast. Which leads us to the idea of choice. Third wave feminism is born in the debate within the feminst movement about sex, choice, the construction of the body and equality. Whereas second wave feminist were as a group unwilling to adopt or endorse a sex-positive agenda, the third wave was more willing to engage thesese questions and the varied responses to them. With several decades of debate over these issues there certainly is no one answer that easily applies across the board. A deeper issue beneth the skin of body issues has less to do with beauty and more to do with the way that power rewards–or doesn’t–women who are willing to fit hegemonic beauty standards. The battle between second and third wave feminist over beauty ideals seems to center here. As women fight for an equal share of finanacial and social captial, does making choices that kowtow to hegemonic beauty ideals set us back or disrup the fight? Second wave feminist worried that continued forward progress would be halted or at least confused by women participation in a beauty regimine set out by the patriarchy. Third wave feminists argue for a braoder tent where women with varying beliefs, including around the body, can fight toghether for equality. But here is the rub to balls-out screw-em-if-you-got-em-all-choice-all-the-time feminism: can choosing the adoption of beauty rituals really be a choice? Third wave feminists are cut from the same cloth as neoliberal politics which elevate choice and individuality above all else. Whatever you want to do is up to and on you. What seems like the freedom of born-this-way ideology though is problematic in a culture where the body is constructed in the media to sell product and reinforce dominnat cultural values. Stripping, six inch heels, and the makeup counter at Sephora all seem like choices available to the modern woman. A little nip tuck? Why not–it is up to you. But Jefferys and other feminists show us the deep rabbit hole of patriarchal culture we can choose to jump down when we engage in cutting, carving and coercing our body to fit hegemonic ideals. Before you go hard claiming the cultural artifacts of western hegemonic beauty standards, ask yourself: If women really do have choice to look any way they want why is there such a narrow set of choices for them in visible culture? What if you looked perfect right now? Would you do anything differently? What would I do with the time and money I spend making myself look presentable? What if every woman had an increase in disposible income and time–what would they engage in? What postitive social outcomes for women and girls could be achieved if the money spent on achieving beauty was used in other ways to enact policies for women? These questions get under the skin of the false promise of a neloliberal culture. A year of violence against trans women and women of color and continued inequality in pay show us that many of the fights of all waves of feminism are under attack. If you want to put lipstick on, go ahead–as long as it doesn’t stop you from fighting for real freedom.
Invasive Species MARINE AND gREAT lAKE National Parks Invasive species harm natural and cultural resources in our parks by: 1. Outcompeting native species 2. Threatening the safety of park employees and visitors Several invasive species have biological characteristics that pose a danger to the safety of park employees and visitors. Often the danger presented by invasive species is unexpected by park employees and visitors and improving awareness of these dangers is critical to reduce further harm. For example, the Lionfish (Pterois volitans), which have invaded many of the southeastern ocean and coastal parks, disrupt food webs in parks by consuming native fish and invertebrates. They also have venomous spines that can cause painful stings to swimmers, snorkelers, divers or anglers. The National Park Service adopted a Service-wide Lionfish Response Plan in 2012 to mitigate impacts to marine resources and communicate risks to visitors and employees in parks. 3. Changing or degrading the experience of park visitors 4. Requiring intensified maintenance and monitoring Park staffs must increase monitoring of park habitats and plant and animal communities for evidence of disturbance and invasion. This puts pressure on limited budgets and park employees to maintain the unique natural beauty of each park. Physical removal and control of invasive species are intensive activities that require long-term and diverse management techniques. 5. Altering natural ecological processes This website and database will help park staff learn more about the invasive species in National Parks to increase critical awareness. As more information is collected, the database will grow. The National Park Service compiled this database using reports of invasive species in National Parks from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), NPSpecies, Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) reports, NPS Coastal Watershed Assessments (CWA), and The Nature Conservancy. The threat to marine ecosystems does not depend on the number of invaded species present, but the level of impact those species have on its ecosystem. The quantified threat-scoring index was developed by The Nature Conservancy and incorporated into the National Park Service database in order to assess the level of impact from invasive species and determine which parks are at the highest risk. Each invasive species found in The Nature Conservancy's database was assigned a score from 1-4 (where data allowed) based upon the following categories: 4 - Disrupts entire ecosystem processes with wider abiotic influences; 3 - Disrupts multiple species, some wider ecosystem function, and/or keystone species or threatened species; 2 - Disrupts single species with little or no wider ecosystem impact; 1 - Little or no disruption; 0 - not ranked according to categories (Great Lakes); and (dash) unknown or not enough information to determine score. Made with Adobe Slate Make your words and images move. Get Slate Report Abuse
Headlines: USAID Mekong ARCC Climate Study for the Lower Mekong Basin Published on This Headlines document offers a brief synopsis of important findings from the USAID Mekong ARCC Climate Study for the Lower Mekong Basin. It captures main results of climate impacts on crop suitability, fisheries, livestock, and ecosystems and non-timber forest products. For further analysis from the Climate Study, please download the full report and summary report at http://bit.ly/1dczzRP. • Be the first to comment • Be the first to like this No Downloads Total views On SlideShare From Embeds Number of Embeds Embeds 0 No embeds No notes for slide Headlines: USAID Mekong ARCC Climate Study for the Lower Mekong Basin 1. 1. USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change By 2050 the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) will experience increasing climate extremes, including higher temperatures, wetter wet seasons, drier dry seasons, and more frequent and intense flood events.The extent and distribution of rainfall and daily maximum temperatures will also differ significantly from the LMB’s historical trends. n Climate extremes – wetter, drier, hotter – will push some traditional agricultural and natural systems across the LMB outside of tolerable temperature and precipitation ranges for productivity or growth. Many species, crops, and natural systems that were once suited to a location will no longer be able to thrive. n Temperatures across the LMB will increase.The eastern plains of Cambodia and parts of the central highlands ofVietnam could see the most significant shifts of average annual temperature, with increases of as much as 3°C to 5°C possible. n Annual precipitation is projected to increase across the LMB by anywhere from 3% to 18% (+35 to +365 mm). Significant rainfall increases in Khammouan, Lao PDR (+355mm a year) and Sakon Nakhon, Thailand (+305mm a year) will impact soil moisture while increasing the occurrence of flashfloods and erosion. n Flooding of at least 0.5 meters that currently occurs over 300,000 hectares of the Mekong Delta is projected to cover an additional 50% of the delta, or a total of 1.9 million hectares. n Drier dry seasons coupled with increasing daily maximum temperatures – from 35°C to 38°C in Gia Lai, Vietnam for example – will lead to heat and water stress on people and cropping systems, while gradually shifting seasonal cycles. January 2014 Headlines: USAID Mekong ARCC Climate Study for the Lower Mekong USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change (USAID Mekong ARCC) 11th Floor, Mahatun Plaza Building, 888/118 Phloenchit Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand Tel: +66.2.650.9919 to 21 Fax: +66.2.650.9922 E-mail: info@mekongarcc.net Web: http://www.mekongarcc.net Follow us on: http://www.facebook.com/MekongARCC http://www.twitter.com/MekongARCC 1. 2. 2. CROP SUITABILITY Maximum daily temperatures exceeding 35°C will inhibit flowering and grain production of rainfed and irrigated rice in many areas of the LMB, including the Mekong Delta. n Industrial crops like rubber, robusta coffee, and cassava will be less viable in the heat of the central part of the basin, including the eastern plains of Cambodia, with optimal growth suitability shifting to higher altitudes, including in northernThailand, and northern Lao PDR. n Rainfed rice will be impacted by large increases in precipitation during the wet season, which will decrease yields in typically wet provinces like Gia Lai, Chiang Rai, and Champasak, while increasing yields in traditionally ‘dry’ provinces like Sakon Nakhon. n Projected sea level rise of 0.3 meters in the Mekong Delta will impact rice production, shrimp farming, and freshwater supplies from saline intrusion into both surface and ground water, particularly during the dry season. n Maize yield will generally decrease across the basin, with Gia Lai (-12%), Mondulkiri (-6%), and Kampong Thom (-6%) provinces severely affected. n Soya yield reductions will be experienced in Cambodia and NortheastThailand due to increasing precipitation causing water-logged soils. n Cassava will be less suitable for growing in central Lao PDR and the central highlands ofVietnam due to dramatic increases in precipitation. LIVESTOCK Communities relying on smallholder livestock for dairy, protein, and income-generating activities will become more vulnerable to food insecurity and sudden asset/savings loss as rising temperatures stress livestock breeds and amplify costs of feed. n Smallholder pigs will face lower reproduction rates and increased stress from disease as the entire LMB will experience more days above 35°C, extending beyond the upper limit of the pig’s temperature tolerance range. n Smallholder cattle and buffalo will experience lower reproduction rates due to heat stress and variable availability of fodder, with increased flood events driving higher disease rates and herd loss. 2. 3. 3. n Coastal shrimp ponds inVietnam will be impacted in the wet season by flash floods causing sudden drops in salinity; in the dry season, shrimp ponds will see increased salinity due to saltwater intrusion. n Drier and hotter dry seasons will stress migratory white fish, which require cooler waters, higher dissolved oxygen levels, and the ability to move to upland reaches in catchments to spawn. n Black fish, which have limited migrations and are more tolerant to varying water quality conditions, will be more climate-resilient than migratory fish. n Upland fish populations will be less vulnerable than lowland fisheries, which will see lower reproductive rates and higher disease rates due to heat stress in the dry season. n Shifting temperature and rainfall profiles will drive biodiversity loss and invite new invasive species.Those species adapted to higher temperatures may dominate natural community composition. n Productivity and fertility of NTFPs will be affected by increased temperatures and shifting seasonality, with dry season spikes impacting life cycle events such as flowering, fruiting, and seed dispersal.This will directly impact income generation for communities depending upon the wild harvest of rattan, wild rice, cardamom, tree resins, etc. ECOSYSTEMS AND NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFPS) Heat stress across the LMB will cause geographic changes in the ranges where certain plants and animals can be found, as they shift upland and eastward to escape heat extremes. FISHERIES Aquaculture and associated infrastructure will be vulnerable to increasing frequency and intensity of flood events throughout the LMB, and aquaculture stocks will experience increasing disease induced by the more extreme temperatures and corresponding lower dissolved oxygen levels. 3. 4. 4. Design&illustrationbyDonaldBason This document is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Its contents are the sole responsibility of DAI and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Source: http://www.mekongarcc.net/resource COMMUNITY ADAPTATION STRENGTHENING INITIATIVES The completion of the USAID Mekong ARCC Climate Adaptation and Impact Study for the LMB is not an end point but instead serves as a tool in linking research and on- the-ground adaptation action that increases the adaptive capacity of local communities. Through partners, USAID Mekong ARCC is assisting communities at 5 sites inThailand, Lao PDR andVietnam to better understand and prioritize climate risks, and take actions that strengthen their resilience to food and livelihood insecurity resulting from climate change. Successful adaptation will require flexibility and a diversity of approaches to adapt to shifting conditions. 4.
Tag Archives: psycholinguistics The art of conversation: Why it’s harder than you might think Most people like to chat. It’s pleasant to talk to your family over breakfast, and at work, you might go to the coffee room or water cooler mainly because you hope to bump into someone and have a little chat. These observations are consistent with scientific findings: As far as we know, conversation exists in all cultures (Levinson & Torreira, 2015). It is the most common form of using language and it is, of course, where children acquire their language. What are conversations? A defining feature is that they consist of turns. As Levinson et al. put it, speakers adhere to a “one-at-a-time” principle: Speaker A says something and then B, then A again, or perhaps C, Continue Reading →
Test two A. Bunce Island was the largest British slave castle on the Rice Coast of West Africa. One important fact about the island was the fact that the African farmers that were taken to America, made early America very profitable off of rice. United States Independence was negotiated, in part, between Bunce Island’s British owner, Richard Oswald, and his American business agent in South Carolina, Henry Laurens. B. The New York-born painter, illustrator and graphic artist Edward Hopper is one of the most recognizable and famous artists. He is considered by most critics to be the most important American Realist of the 20th century. He is perhaps better understood as a painter of ordinary people trying to make the best of life - a condition that necessarily involves a degree of solitude and serenity. Whatever his precise outlook, he remained steadfast in his realist approach, even when the new post-war American Abstraction movement made him appear old fashioned and out of touch. We saw his famous “Nighthawks” at the Chicago Art Museum. C. Telemann was one of the artists played at the Chicago Symphony. D.The Kumbha Mela is the largest religious gathering in the world. According to astrologers, the 'Kumbh Fair' takes place when the planet Jupiter enters Aquarius and the Sun enters Aries. The pilgrimage occurs four times every twelve years, once at each of the four locations. Each twelve-year cycle includes the Maha (great) Kumbha Mela at Prayag, attended by millions of people, making it the largest pilgrimage gathering around the world. E. The Great Rift Valley as originally described extends from Lebanon in the north to Mozambique in the south, and constitutes one of two distinct physiographic provinces of the East African mountains physiographic division. It stretches approximately 6,000 kilometers. F. A savanna is a flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions. G. The Porte de L'Afrique was the port from France to Africa. H. Three ingenious innovations of the people of MesoAmerica were: grinding corn to make flour, a wood ladder, and the combination of religion, government, and military. 2. At the Art Museum, there are many different forms of art and wide variety of time changes. It was cool that there were different reasons for some of the art, like in the Buddhist exhibit, sculptures were made of wood and in the China exhibit, and everything was found in tombs and made of ceramic. At the Islamic Center, there was not much art except the stone figure that represented which way Muslims were to prey towards. In the Islam religion, men prey directly to God so they do not need a messenger or cross to prey to. At the Spertus Museum, there are many different types of art and represent different beliefs. The top floor is always changing but when our class went, it was called “What does it mean to you”. At the Dusable Museum, I learned that art is a huge reflection of the artist’s society’s fundamental beliefs. Our tour guide told us to read the artist’s name and the art was made. By doing this we can form any reasons why the art might be a sad form or a violent picture. 4. At the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Reza Aslan presented a lot of information that surprised me. He talked about President Obama and how he has a long view of what is going on in Iran and the fact that change can happen. Reza thinks that Obama has too high standards for the Palestinian and Israel conflict and it is going to cause a total freeze in the movement towards peace. Reza informed us on the dividing line between east and west. The east consists of nationalists or islamists and the west consists of transnationalists or jihadists. Islamism is a political philosophy or religious nationalism which is on the rise. Al Qaeda wants control over the whole planet and obviously that is impossible to negotiate with so that is why it is so hard to solve the problem. It seems like Muslims come up with everything first: a constitution, the Koran, a toothbrush etc. Reza compares democracy to a delicious bowl of soup which includes ingredients and if you take one ingredient out the soup fails but if you replace that ingredient with a different ingredient, well maybe then it could work. In Egypt, the ballot said the only candidate and then two boxes that said yes and no. Posted at 10:58 PM by Sydney Hase
Horticulture Tips You Must Make Note Of 0 votes Horticulture is rapidly growing, as being a favorite outdoors activity for many. Some individuals just adore the excitement of growing something because of their own two hand Advanced Nutrients, as well as others enjoy being outdoors. No matter the basis for why you love horticulture, it gives you something joyous for everyone. By far the most joyful thing however, is being successful at it. Here are several tips to help you get on the road inside your garden. You ought to be realistic regarding what the garden can and can't produce. Regardless of how tempting a specific vegetable may be, if it's not suitable for your climate, it's not gonna grow well. You'll get more away from your garden if you focus on plants which are suitable for your neighborhood. Will not forget the sun when deciding on a place for a garden. Gardens need sun. Almost all flowering plants and vegetables grow the best in excellent sunlight. Vegetables like tomatoes require a lot of sunlight and may not produce without this. If you will find trees higher than the area, trim them back or search for another location as a garden without sun is doomed to failure. If you need your backyard to reach your goals, center on your soil. To be able to protect your plants from unwanted pests, it is important to have healthy soil. It will nourish your vegetation and help them to grow into strong plants that are able to protect against disease and damage from bugs. Once you do horticulture, make certain you have a great pair of gardening gloves. Gardening is rough on your hands. Thorns and sharp branches can hurt both your hands should they be not protected by gloves. Sometimes you are unable to see precisely what is inside a bush if you stick your hand in there to prune. Wearing a pair of gardening gloves will be sure that your hands is definitely not injured. Use water efficiently as possible. One of the most precious resources these days is freshwater. It merely can not be wasted, so the use of mulch and soaker hoses are an effective strategy to minimize the impact in the garden about the water supply. Consider possessing a rain barrel close to the garden to capture and save rainwater to get a minimal impact garden. Many people design their gardens with plants with their hands and a shovel. However, the best idea would be to wait to decide on your plants after you have decided upon a layout or landscaping design. When you have completed the landscaping, start working on the very last key to your backyard planting your chosen flowers, shrubs and trees. When you are organic gardening in the humid environment, water your plants early in the morning hours. This will help you prevent mildew. Watering in the morning also prohibits fungal growth that may occur in humid climates. You may not want mildew or fungal diseases to spread, it can result in poor growth and unhealthy soil. To fight off weeds in a natural way, create your own homemade weedkiller. Simply mix water and white wine vinegar inside a bottle, and spray it exactly the same you will a regular weedkiller. As an added bonus, the vinegar solution will even function as a source of nutrients in your plants. The seeds of horticulture have already been planted and after having check this out article, hopefully, you are feeling that they will germinate. Horticulture is surely an enjoyable experience becomes a lot more so, whenever your plants are growing, flowering, as well as providing meals to your family. Read on other articles similar to this one to be able to be ready to start your very own garden. asked Jun 11 by aidencilla (520 points) Please log in or register to answer this question.
Research Paper Number Document Type Publication Date Human Genome Project; genetic science; genetic predisposition Since the advent of the Human Genome Project in 1989, the ethical, legal, and social implications inherent in future genetic science and its applications have worried researchers and scholars in law and ethics. Concern that the results of genetic testing might be used to discriminate against particular individuals and groups of individuals has been paramount, prompting calls for specific legislation to protect against genetic discrimination. Against this backdrop we sought to investigate instances of genetic discrimination in Canadian legal decisions. We searched Canadian court and administrative tribunal decisions, using the key words “genetic predisposition” and its cognates, and found none that took up the issue of genetic discrimination. However, in 468 decisions, “genetic predisposition” was used by courts and tribunals when describing the causal origins of health related conditions. Genetic predisposition was cited with respect to numerous health conditions, and in various areas of law, in particular criminal, family, workers’ compensation, and tort. In several criminal law decisions, genetic predisposition served to explain the origin of a mental health condition in addressing the issue of criminal responsibility. The predominant use in family law was in describing a child’s health condition in crown wardship and youth protection proceedings. In workers’ compensation and tort, genetic predisposition was used to argue whether the claimant’s condition was inherited rather than related to the workplace or the negligence of the defendant. Genetic predisposition, when used to argue the issue of disease causation on a balance of probabilities, reflects “geneticization”: the tendency to describe the underlying basis of health and disease as genetic. Geneticization, like genetic discrimination, can be problematic. Specifically, both may exaggerate the extent to which genetic information is exceptional and determinative of health and disease outcomes. Also, geneticization, like genetic discrimination, may marginalize people on a perceived genetic basis.
All A to Z Topics Medicines information Licensing of medicines Before a medicine can be widely used in the UK, it must first be granted a licence. How is the safety of medicines regulated? All medicines that are licensed for use in the UK are strictly regulated to ensure that they are as safe as possible. Why the same medicines can have different names
We're Middle School Students Writing about Reading! Tuesday, May 29, 2012 The Secret Life of Bees, a review by Tanna Title: The Secret Life of Bees Author: Sue Monk Kidd Format: I read a paperback version of the book. Price: $14.00. The story begins on a Peach farm owned by T.Ray Owens, where he and his daughter Lily (both white) live and work. He isn’t very nice and doesn’t show affection and is sort of abusive. T.Ray has had a bad attitude towards Lily ever since she accidentally killed her mother. When T.Ray tells Lily that her mother left, she runs away, and along the way, breaks Rosaleen out of jail from the hospital. Rosaleen looked after her along their journey of running away, and also, from when Lily was 4. Before running away, Lily had found a Black Mary picture with ‘Tiburon, SC’ written on it, so that’s where she went. She goes to the house of August Boatwright(who is a black woman of BUZZness (tends to bees and sells honey)), who openly accepts her into the home, which is also home to August’s sisters May and June. Lily and Rosaleen spend their summer there with the Boatwrights, befriending others along the way, and working for August to help keep the honey business afloat. Lily Owens is a 14-year-old white girl born on July 4th, 1950 living with her unloving father T.Ray in Sylvan. She is looked after by Rosaleen and can trust her with anything. She is also confused about all of the racism that is occurring around her. Rosaleen Daise is a large black woman who isn’t afraid to openly speak her mind. She looked after Lily after her mother died and has created a strong friendship. August Boatwright, also African American, opens up her home and welcomes Lily and Rosaleen into it after Lily lies her way into staying. August had cared for Lily’s mother when she was younger, and knew Lily was her daughter right from the start, but wanted to wait until Lily was ready to talk about it. Theme: One of the themes of the story is mothers. That theme is shown throughout the book a lot, for example, Lily loses her mother, and when she goes off to find out more about her mom, she learns a lot about herself, and also, meets other women who now acted as mother figures to her. Another example of the theme is the Virgin Mary(a.k.a. Black Madonna) guided all of them through the twists and turns on the rollercoaster of life. Strengths- The entire book was just one big strength because it was so well written and had so many lessons and such in it. Another strength was how strong the women were in this book, even though they had less rights in that time. Weakness(es)- The start of the book wasn’t very attention grabbing and a bit boring. Ending Thoughts- The ending of the story was excellent and very enjoyable. Some of the things that happened in the end I had hoped for, but there were also some additional things that made the ending not as good. Rating: 4.5 chocolate bars out of 5. Cover Thoughts: The cover of the book suits it very well because it has the honey jar with the picture that led the main character to where she was destined to go. I also liked how there was just a solitary bee on the cover as well because it looked like it belonged there, and without it, the cover would be more bare. Language: Some swearing that wasn’t too dominant in the book, but there was also some offensive language in the book, too. There was a lot of racism in the story because of the time period it taking place in, which was just when the Civil Rights Act has been passed. Violence: There was some violence where there was beating and cruel treatment, but it wasn’t too dominant and only in a few parts. Sexual Content: There was barely any, if not, no sexual content in the story at all. Mature Themes: Throughout, Lily was finding herself and growing up, but there weren’t really inappropriate mature themes. I would recommend this book to ages 13 and up. 1. Soooo glad you liked this book! It's one of Kristan's favorites. There's a pretty decent movie version of it too, btw, starring Dakota Fanning. 2. Great review Tanna - really enjoyed reading it, very well written. Mr. O Talk to us!
sábado, 4 de julio de 2015 The Greek Crisis and the World´s Financial Future What is the crisis in Greece really about? For banks that have lent money to the country, for the International Monetary Fund and for economic and political conservatives it is about paying back a practically unpayable debt of 300 billion Euros. They say it is about staying in the European community and carrying out “reforms” that will inevitably effect the wellbeing of the vast majority of the population. But the crisis is also political: conservative leaders of the European Community do not approve of the leftist leaning government presently in power in Athens. The issue is not about “abandoning” the Euro or Europe. It has to do with the manipulation of the debt crisis in Greece and elsewhere by the world´s gigantic financial institutions. The IMF, banks, financial institutions, Washington and Europe are using the debt crisis to organize the world in accordance to their economic and political vision. That is why the “reforms” proposed by the IMF (or in the case of Greece, the Troika) invariably include slashing state support for education, health, retirement and promoting the privatization of state property or enterprises. Following the Second World War Washington saw an opportunity to erect a financial system that would back its plans for becoming the world´s number one power. The dollar was tied to gold at a fixed rate; later, oil was tied to the dollar and that led to an enormous flow of dollars from the oil producing nations to Western banks. In view of the extraordinary amount of capital sitting in the banks, a new phase was born: a massive campaign of loans to developing countries. Although usually a bank takes great care to determine if the receiver of a loan will be able to pay it back, the theory developed that if the loans were made to governments the return would be guaranteed because a private concern could collapse but a government would have to honor its commitments. Likewise, since the loans carried high interest rates, loaning became a lucrative business. Loaners often loaned to dictatorships or corrupt governments, in spite of their efforts to wrap their loans in humanitarian packages. It became clear that the loaner or the international finance institutions could impose their conditions when demanding the repayment of the loans. In this way the world´s economy could be shaped in accordance to the demands of giant corporations and financial institutions. Those who did not accept those conditions would automatically become “outsiders” to the system. Tomorrow Greeks will vote in a referendum on whether to accept the reforms advocated by the Troika or to reject them. For the Greek government and for those who support a no vote, it is a question of increasing the Government´s manoeverability in negotiating the terms of the repayment of the estimated 300 billion euro debt—a large part of which has been generated by the money-makes-money mentality of banks and financial speculators. The yes vote implies a de facto acceptance of the reforms that the finance institutions advocate for the country. The larger question related to the crisis in Greece is related to the question of whether to allow the international financial elite to continue expanding its economic and political vision or whether alternative systems will be allowed to emerge and propose other ways of dealing with the world´s problems—among them the contamination and waste caused by the consumer society based on greed and profit and the consequent heating up of the planet. No hay comentarios.: Publicar un comentario
Florida State Symbols: State Gem Moonstone Here's an interesting fact: Florida's state gem isn't found in Florida! Florida chose moonstone as the state gemstone to honor the moon landings and all other astronaut controlled space flights that were launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Moonstone is an orthoclase feldspar (feldspar being a group of minerals). The visual effect is caused by light diffraction withing the layers of the micro-structure of the stone: alternating layers of orthoclase and albite feldspar form at high temperatures, then cool. When these layers cool, they cause the adularescent sheen that we all love in moonstone. This type of feldspar is also refered to as adularia. This first photo is a high resolution scope shot of the layers of the feldspar from Moonstone comes in white, blue, peach and orange, gray, green and rainbow. The best moonstones come from Sri Lanka (facet grade transparent with blue flash), Burma, and India, however moonstone is found in many places including the U.S. - just not in Florida! This photo is of a rough moonstone from Burma showing how it looks once cut into a nice cabocon. How did the ancients ever figure out what this stone would look like cut? Photo from Since the rough doesn't really show the moonstone's adularescence, it takes a skilled cutter to bring out the desired effect in the stone. The height of the stone is critical, plus you have to align the axes of the crystal correctly in order to show the light effect. Faceting requires even more skill to show the desired sheen. The blue flash moonstone is becoming difficult to find and the price for this stone has risen sharply in the last few years. This photo is from and likely shows Sri Lankan high quality faceted moonstone. Moonstone has been used to make jewelry for centuries; it was especially popular in Art Nouveau jewelry (1890-1910). However, moonstone is a 6 - 6.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness and requires some care when wearing. This gemstone got its name from either the ancient Greeks or Romans (depending on who you read) as they thought the light diffraction in the stones resembled the light of the moon. This next picture is of a lovely peach moonstone cab from For those who are interested in the uses of and powers of moonstone here are a few attributes of the various moonstones. Blue and cat's eye moonstones are said to promote clarity and inner vision. They are helpful in seeing life lessons and help balance yin and yang energies. White moonstone is said to stiumlate psychic perception. Peach moonstone is believed to support the heart and stimulate the mind. It is also helpful to those with weight problems. Carry or wear one to love and value yourself and assist in separating food from emotional needs. Rainbow moonstone is believed to defelct negativity and ease emotional trauma. This last picture shows a rough moonstone crystal that actually shows the blue flash - it's set in a ring made by Beijo Flor and is for sale on Etsy. Florida State Symbols: State Stone Agatized Coral Florida has a state stone and a state gem, although technically speaking, their state stone is a fossil. I'll begin with the state stone, agatized coral (a.k.a. silicated coral and fossil coral). Coral is the external skeleton of ocean polyps; it's mostly lime. When the polyps die, over time silica from water replaces the lime, creating what is called a pseudomorph (one mineral has been replaced by another mineral without losing the original form and shape). This process takes 20+ million years to occur. Most of the Florida agatized corals are from the Oligocene-Miocene period. Trace minerals give these fossil corals a variety of colors: white, gray, brown, black, yellow, peach, orange, tan, amber and red. This first picture is of a coral nodule that has been sliced in two and is from While most living corals are now protected, fossil corals are not. Most of the agatized corals were originally rugose and tabular coral species. The oldest fossil corals are over 450 years old! This photo is of a pile of fossil corals from the Withlacooche River and was taken by River Rat and posted on the Fossil Forum. Because it's now quartz (silica), agatized coral is a 7 on the Mohs scale so it is quite hard and has long wear as a cut stone. The first humans to inhabit Florida used the agatized coral to make tools such as spear points and knives. Archeologists have found tools dated as old as 5000 years old near St. Petersburg. This pile of fossil corals cut into cabochons is from and shows the range of colors available. Agatized corals are found in three primary locations in Florida: Tampa Bay near Ballas Point; the Econfine River; and the Withlacoochee/Suwannee River beds. This last picture is a close up of an agatized coral cab from Florida that I found on Pinterest with no indication of who actually took the picture (my apologies to the photographer). Delaware State Symbols: State Mineral Sillimanite Delaware's state mineral is sillimanite. Sillimanite is one of three alumino-silicate polymorphs; the other two are kyanite and andalusite. Sillimanite is named after Benjamin Silliman (an American chemist and the first professor to teach minerology at Yale University) by George Thomas Bowen who first described this rock. It was first found in Connecticut in 1824. In Delaware, sillimanite is found in the Brandywine Springs area in Newcastle County and near the Hoopes Reservoir. The material found in Deleware is massive and fibrous. It was named the state mineral because of the huge boulders of it found in the region. This picture is a piece of sillimanite from Delaware. Photo from Usually colorless, gray or white, but can, on rare occasions, be brown, pale yellow, yellow-green, blue-green, or blue. Generally transparent to transluscent, sillimanite can be splintery, acicular (like needles) or fibrous (as is the case in Delaware). Sillimanite is common in metamorphosed sedimentary rock and can be found in biotite schist with quartz segragations. This pic is of a piece of sillimanite schist thin section under a microscope from Gotta get me one of those scopes! While it is 6.5 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, sillimanite has perfect cleavage making it very difficult to cut and facet. Native American Indians used the fibrous schist for making tools. Facet grade sillimanite has been found in Burma (Myanmar) and in Sri Lanka. This photo is of a facet grade rough crystal from It makes a pretty faceted stone though, so a good cutter can come up with some nice stones for setting. This photo is from Finally, due to the fibrous growth, sillimanite can be cut into cabochons that show a nice cat's eye effect. I've even seen a few that had star effects. This photo is of a cat's eye sillimanite from Delaware State Symbols: State Fossil Belemnite Delaware doesn't have as many state symbols as some states, but they do have a state fossil and a state mineral. I'll start with their state fossil the belemnite. More specifically, their state fossil is the Bellemnitella americanus belonging to the phyllum mollusca and class cephalophoda. This marine mollusk was related to modern day cuttlefish, although they looked more like modern squids. The belemnite lived for a period of about 140 million years, disappearing about 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretacious Period. The name comes from the Greek, belemnon, meaning like a dart or javelin. This is a depiction of the anatomy of a belamnite from These little cephalopods were only about 2-6 inches long, but they were fast, efficient carnivores that caught small fish and marine animals with their 10 hooked tentacles. They also had a beak-like jaw. The tail had a bullet shaped feature of the skeleton called the rostrum or guard. The part that is found as a fossil is the rostrum or guard from the back end of the animal. This fossil is the hard external skeleton; modern squids do not have this, so they are more closely like modern cuttlefish. These creatures lived all over the world. This is a picture of a fossil rostrum that was found in the U.K. Photo from The best place to look for belemnites in Delaware is in the dredge spoil piles near the mouth of the Chesapeake and Delaware canals, just west of St. Georges. You can also find them just east of the north side of the Reedy Point Bridge. The best time to look is right after they dredge the canal. According to, in this same location (where you can find belemnites), you can also find pelecypods; generally two kinds - exogyra costata (pic from and pyncnodonte mutablilis (pic from These will generally be small, no more than 3 inches. Finally, you can also find fossil sharks' teeth at these sites. This last belemnite pic is of an opalized belemnite fossil - would LOVE to find one of these! The pic is from If you would like more information on where to locate fossils in Delaware, check out Connecticut State Symbols: State Mineral Almandine Garnet Although Connecticut doesn't have a state gemstone, it does have a state mineral that is also a gemstone - the group of garnets classified as almandine (iron aluminum garnet). These garnets are found in numerous locations throughout Connecticut: the most famous spots for finding garnets include Colchester, Redding and Roxbury. Most garnets found in Connecticut are deep burgundy red, often with some brown undertones. Gem quality garnets in the state are fairly rare, although some nice ones have been found. This photo of Connecticut garnet crystals comes from The garnets that are not this nice are used for abrasives and emery boards. And, while most are burgundy red, you can actually find garnets in many other colors in Connecticut. Other garnets found here include pyrope (magnesium aluminum garnet), grossular (calcium aluminum garnet), spessartite (manganese aluminum garnet) and andradite (calcium iron garnet). Garnets can be found in igneous rock pegmatites, coarse granite and in granite gneiss. This photo of garnet in matrix is from the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History in New Haven. The best known place to collect garnets in Connecticut was Green's Garnet Farm near Roxbury Falls. Unfortunately, it is currently closed for any collection. There is an Essonite garnet outcrop near West Redding; you'll need permission from the owner to collect there. From the West Redding Train Station, follow the tracks about 1/2 mile and look for a rock outcrop on the left. You'll need heavy tools to collect at this site. Herb Heweitt's Gem Mine near Haddam in Middlesex County re-opened in 2013. It's a group of pegmatite quarries. Collection for a fee. This is a photo of the Connecticut Gem and Mineral Society collecting at Roxbury before the site closed. There are also plenty of other minerals to collect in Connecticut. Here are a few you can find: quartz, albite, amphiboles, muscovite, fluorapatite, zircon, schorl, pyrite, olivine, tourmaline, beryl, lepidolite, topaz, opal, fluorite, calcite, dolomite, diopside, epidote, zoisie, danburite, forsterite, feldspars, prehnite and amazonite. Connecticut State Symbols: State Fossil Dinosaur Track I've been to Connecticut many times, but for some reason I never realized that dinosaurs are a very big deal there. In the mid 1960s, while breaking ground for a new state building, over 2000 dinosaur tracks were uncovered in the Connecticut sandstone formation in the Connecticut Valley. The tracks are believed to have been left by large bipedal carnivores during the Early Jurrasic period (200 million years ago) along what was then a shallow lake. This area is now one of the "foremost dinosaur track locations in the world" according to the Connecticut state website. This photo is from the site and is a close up of a dino track at this location near Oak Hill. Note that this is a three-toed track ending with a claw. This is called a Eubrontes Giganteus and refers to the shape and size of the track, NOT the species of dinosaur that made the track. There were multiple dinosaurs with three toes on their feet, and it is difficult when no other fossils are present to determine which dino made a specific track. Scientists who have studied the CT tracks believe the dinosaurs were possilbe relatives of Dilophosaurus or from a platerosaurid. Probably an 18-20 foot long predator. A typical Eubrontes track is 25 - 50 centimeters long. Here is a picture of the quantity of tracks at the Oak Hill site where there is now a state park. The Dinosaur State Park opened in 1968 and is celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2016. There will be special events all year, with a kick off on April 16. About 500-600 tracks have been preserved under a geodesic dome; the rest were re-buried for preservation. One of the fun things to do at the park is to make a plaster casting of a real dinosaur track. For more information on the park go to But the Dino park isn't all there is to do in Connecticut if you love dinosaurs. The state has put together a Dino Trail which includes participating hotels with discounted rates. In addition to the State Park, the Connecticut Science Center in Hartford has a pterosaur fossil and a fossil dig pit for kids. Here's a photo from their web. The Yale Peabody Museum in New Haven has lots of dinosaur skeletons on display. Here's a photo from their web. The Dinosaur Place at Nature's Art Village in Montville has a fossil dig, a gemstone dig and a place to pan for gold. All are, of course, salted so kids can find a souvenir, but it's fun way to introduce kids to rockhounding and to learn about fossils. They have "life size" dinosaurs throughout. Finally, on the Dino Trail you can go to Lake Compounce in Bristol. This is an amusement park, however they have a dinosaur "expedition" with animatronic dinosaurs. Unfortunately, past glacial activity has wiped away most fossils in what is now Connecticut. However, the Connecticut Valley used to be a tropical/equatorial forest with lots of fish, amphhibians, insects, reptiles and dinosaurs, who all left evidence behind. Footprints and small plant and fish fossils are the most abundant. Fish fossils are generally found in the black shale sediments of the Valley. So, while not easy to find, there are fossils out there, and hey - getting to see all those footprints is pretty cool. Colorado State Symbols - State Fossil Stegasaurus I don't remember why, but as a child, the stegasaurus was always my favorite dinosaur. In the pictures the face always seems so cute. But, these huge herbivores were up to 30 feet long! Still, that was small compared to many of the dinosaurs around at the time. The first stegasaurus fossils were found in Colorado in 1876 by Othniel Charles Marsh in Morrison, Colorado. But, Marsh didn't find a complete skeleton, so he thought he had found an aquatic turtle-like creature. It wasn't until more specimens were found that we were able to figure out what the fossils were - and that there were several species of stegasaurians. Marsh called his first find a stegasaurus (roofed lizard), because he believed the plates on the back lay down along the back like roof shinges, or like armour. Eventually, a fossil was discovered with the plates still attached, showing that the plates actually stood up on end. This photo of mother and child fossils is from the web site. The stegasaurus lived in the Mid-Jurassic to Late Cretaceous period or about 150 million years ago. They were herbivores and appear to have lived in herds. Each species had a specific number and arrangement of plates on their back, and all had spikes on their tales. The tail had no ossified tendons, so it is likely that the tail was highly flexible and it is believed that the stegasaurus was able to use those spikes with great accuracy for defense. Species had between 17 and 22 plates and spikes. The species first found in Colorado, and the state symbol is Stegasaurus Armathus, also known as Stegasaurus stenops. S. stenops was probably the largest dinosaur in this family. Fossils from about 80 individual S stenops were found in the Morrison formation. It's obvious from the fossils that stenops had a short neck and a small head so it probably ate low bushes and shrubs. When I was a kid, stenops was always depicted dragging his tail, however scientists now believe that the tail was likely held high in the air. You can see from this photo of an actual fossil find that it would take some time to figure out exactly what this dinosaur might have looked like - this specimen is in the National Museum of Natural History and the photo is labeled stegasaurus roadkill. There have been four theories over the years regarding those plates on the back. 1) Marsh initially believed the plates laid flat along the back like shingles on a roof for armour. That's why he named it the "roofed lizard" or stegasaurus. This theory was later disproved. 2) Marsh later believed that there might have been a single row of plates standing down the back. This theory was also disproved by later fossil finds. 3) A later theory was that there was a double row of plates along the back, in parallel. 4) The most current theory is that there were two rows of alternating plates. By the late 1960s this had become the dominant theory based on fossils that were found with the plates still attached. We still aren't sure what purpose the plates served, but they could be as large as two feet tall. The plates were not attached to the skeleton. They were bony cored scales, growing in tihe skin, similar to what you see on a crocodile or some lizards today. The stenops plates had lots of blood vessels through them leading scientists to speculate that the plates may have served several purposes. These plates may have helped regulate body temperature similar to the way elephants' ears help cool their bodies. The plates may also have been used as a display, turning colors (or blushing) to attract a mate or as a warning to predators. Although the stegasaurus was large, the other dinosaurs living at that time, such as allosaurus and ceratosaurus probably ate them. The tiny head, in comparison to the large body, has let to the theory that S. stenops had a very small brain about the size of a walnut. Recent research has uncovered a space along the spinal column that may have held a second brain that allowed the stenops to react quickly with those deadly tail spikes when attacked. There are only 6 skeletons of stegasaurus on display in the U.S. A. One is in the Museum of Natural History in Denver - it was discovered by a teacher and students from Canyon City High School! This is a photo of that fossil on display as if under attack by another dinosaur. Rockhounding in Colorado In poking around for information on rockhounding in Colorado, I found too much information to share! For example, just in the Salida, CO (again in Chaffee County) area I found: Brown's Canyon; follow Chaffee County Roads 193 and 194. Old mines can be found off the side roads. You can locate fluorite, placer gold and copper. Dig through the tailings. Marshall Pass: along the old abandoned railroad grade you can find jasper, marble, geodes, picture sandstone, rhyolite, and fossils. Poncha Pass: between San de Cristo Range on the southeast, and Sawatch Range on the west and northwest, you can find sheelite. You need a black light at night to locate this mineral. Ruby Mountain: (misnamed when garnets were found) near Nathrop, six miles south of Buena Vista you can find spessartite garnet, yellow topaz, and obsidian in perlite. Make sure you stay on public land. Nearby on Dorthy Hill and Sugarloaf Mountain you can find smoky quartz and sanadine. At the abandoned Sedalia Copper Min, 4 miles south of Salida in Trout Creek Hills, you can find almandine garnet, staurlite, actinolite, epidote, corundum (sapphire), spinel, horneblend, chrysocolla, malachite and willemite. This picture from is of an amazonite and smoky quartz combo. In the Taylor Mountain, Cree Creek area you can find quartz crystals, limonite cubes, malachite and galena in the tailings of old mines. In the Trout Creek Pass area you can find jasper, agate, and pink microcline feldspar. The south and east slopes are best. This is a photo from the summit of Trout Creek Pass from youtube. So, as you can see, just in one county, you could spend many happy weeks looking for - and finding - all kinds of rocks! Colorado State Symbols - State Gemstone Aquamarine If you watch Prospectors on the Weather Channel, you know that Colorado's state gemstone is aquamarine. The largest aquamarine crystal ever found in North America was found on Mt. Antero by Steve Brancato. It's now is the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. This photo of the crystal is from the Denver Post by C. Walker. Mount Antero and neighboring White Mountain are both in Chaffee County Colorado. They are the center of aquamarine mining in the state. Antero is the 10th highest peak in Colorado, and rockhounding on either mountain is for experienced people in good physical condition - these are steep mountain peaks. Plus, much of the area has claims, so you have to be careful where you search for aqua crystals. Mt. Antero's granite stock, is actually part of the much larger batholith of quartz monzonite - probably late Mesozoic or Tertiary age. The granite stock has many beryllium-rich pegmatites and veins. Minerals typically found in these pegmatites and veins include: beryl (the blue is aquamarine), quartz (lots of smoky quartz here), phenakite, bertrandite, fluorite, muscovite, molybdonite, topaz, amazonite and various combinations of these minerals. Here are a couple of pictures of crystals found on Mt. Atero. The first one is from , the second is from Colorado is surpassed only by California in the number of minerals found there; Chaffee county alone has over 127 minerals and 774 minerals can be found in the state. Thirty varieties of gemstones can be found in Colorado. This is a picture of Mount Antero (from wikipedia) - as you can see, many of us couldn't get up the mountain, let alone get heavy rocks back down. It's only open about 4 months out of the year, and that high up, the weather is often ugly even during the summer months. If you watch Prospectors, you get a close up view of the rocky terrain and how quickly the weather can change. There are public access places available to look for aquamarine - but make very sure you are on one of them! Colorado State Symbols - State Mineral Rhodochrosite This week I'm starting on Colorado's state rocks and fossils, beginning with the Colorado state mineral, rhodochrosite. Designated in 2002, rhodochrosite is found in many areas of the state, but none of the mines are as famous or as important as the Sweet Home Mine near Alma, Colorado. This picture is of "The Searchlight" rhodochrosite crystal found in the Sweet Home Mine. Sweet Home mine is about 90 miles southwest of Denver located at the timberline on the Mt. Bross side of Buckskin Gulch. The crystals found here are considered the best in the world - transparent to translucent pink-red rhombohedron crystals. Less pure and more pinky crystals are also found here and in other mines around the state. Even less pure crystals are pink, white and brown banded opaque. All are beautiful manganese carbonate minerals. The crystals are fairly soft - only about 3 to 4 on the Mohs scale AND the crystals have perfect cleavage in three directions, so they are quite difficult to cut. This picture is of pink rhodochrosite crystals from one of the mines near Silverton. Rhodochrosite is often found in silver mines in Colorado and in Argentina where it got the alternate name. Turns out magnesium carbondate destroys the amalgmation process used in mining silver - so they used to throw the rocks away! Sweet Home mine was originally a silver mine - until the 1960s. Currently, the Sweet Home mine is not producing any rhodochrosite. It takes eight people to maintain the Seet Home mine. It takes a great deal of time to find pockets of rhodochrosiste - it can be as long as two years between significant finds. In 1994, workers in the Sweet Home mine discovered a tunnel, about 2.5 meters in diameter with thousands of pieces of rhodochrosite. It took six weeks to collect them all. It was then purchased by the Coors Co. and donated to the Denver Museum of Natur & Science in the Coors Mineral Hall. The "Denver Wall of Rhodochrosite" was reconstructed and has over 3000 specimens. Some of the crystals are over 7 cm long. This is a picture of workers reconstructing the Wall. And this one of mining in Sweet Home. Lots of other former silver mines have rhodochrosite in them - they're all privately owned as well. Some of the other mines are: Climax Molybdenum mine near Leadville; John Reed mine, also near Leadville; Julia Fisk Mine near Leadville; the Gilman mine in Gilman, a ghost town; Mary Murphy mine near St. Elmo, a ghost town; American Tunnel mine near Silverton; Grizzly Bear mine near Ouray; and the Mountain Monarch mine also near Ouray. This pic is of the Mary Murphy mine from the Colorado ghost towns web. Rhodochrosite is also found in Argentina (their national mineral) and Romania (first discovered there). The Incas believed that the rhodochrosite crystals were the blood of former rulers turned to stone. It's found in many silver mines and in caves in what is now Argentina and is also known there as Inca Rose or Rosa del Inca. Some believe that rhodochrosite helps to conduct energy and can boost self-confidence. Some also believe that these pink crystals balance and enhance love on all levels This picture of a specimen or rhodochrosite shows where the nickname comes from. It's from The cab is a nice one from The faceted rhodochrosite is from Mt. Lily gems. Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 > Syndicate content
Sunday, January 06, 2008 Form and Visual Consciousness Elements Actually the elements have groupings of three parts, as we will notice next. gzhugs here is form, so gzhugs gi khams is form element, rupadhatu. This is in the context of visual form and not 'matter.' dang then binds to the next listing. mig is eye or visual and rnam par shes pa is consciousness (Sanskrit vijnana.) Remember this word as it will show up multiple times when listing the elements. Thus, mig gi rnam par shes pa is visual consciousness (caksurvijnanadhatu.) The 'i is a genitive particle binding khams, element to the left side, so this is the visual consciousness element. We had before mig gi khams, eye element. Thus you could see that these elements have a grouping of a physical entity (eye) that is registering something (form) and is using a consciousness (visual consciousness), all together. In other words, all three have to work together for a form to be realized as visually seen. We will go through the next elements in combinations of three. No comments:
I have not told the half of what I saw \| Marco Polo (1254 -1324) Marco Polos' departure from Venice, miniature from Book of the Wonders of the World, France, 15th Century “My heart beats as much as I can breathe.” "Without stones there is no arch." “One of these nuts is a meal for a man, both meat and drink.” “The true sweetness of wine is one flavor” “If you put together all the Christians in the world, with their Emperors and their Kings, the whole of these Christians, - aye, and throw in the Saracens to boot, - would not have such power, or be able to do so much as this Kublai, who is Lord of all the Tartars in the world.” “To the north of Armenia lies Zorzania Georgia, near the confines of which there is a fountain of oil which discharges so great a quantity as to furnish loading for many camels. The use made of it is not for the purpose of food, but as an unguent for the cure of cutaneous distempers in men and cattle, as well as other complaints, and it is also good for burning. In the surrounding country no other oil is used in their lamps, and people come from distant parts to procure it.” "Fully sixty thousand men were slain in this battle, but king Toctai, as well as the two sons of Tolobuga, escaped." Marco Polo, 1254 -1324 Marco Polo mosaic, Palazzo Tursi, Genoa, Italy Marco Polo (1254 -1324) An Italian merchant traveller from Venice. The traveler and writer Marco Polo left Venice for Cathay (now China) in 1271, spent seventeen years in Kublai Khan's (1215–1294) empire, he served the Kubilai Khan on on numerous diplomatic missions, and returned to Venice in 1295. His book Livre des Merveilles du Monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300) did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China.Polo related his memoirs orally to Rustichello da Pisa while both were prisoners of the Genova Republic. The book was written in Old French by romance writer Rustichello da Pisa. Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια: Δημοσίευση σχολίου Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...

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