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201 Success Skills I 2 semesters, 1 credit Open to freshmen Prerequisite: Based on teacher/guidance counselor recommendation and test scores. Throughout this course, students have the opportunity to develop and apply various skills for achieving their goals in all academic areas. They will also be provided time to organize and prepare for coursework, collaborate with classmates, and receive one-on-one and small group instruction from the teacher. Content area teachers will coordinate with the Learning Consultant to aid in improving student achievement. Students will utilize alternative testing methods, when deemed appropriate. Additional levels of this class may be taken based on the Learning Consultant/guidance counselor/principal recommendation. By the completion of this course, students will be able to… 1. Identify iPad applications that will help them succeed on standardized tests. 2. Self-advocate inside and outside of the school setting. 3. Identify organizational skills/tools to aid in organization. 4. Identify applications that will help them be successful in core classes. 5. Identify Study Skills to help them be more successful on core tests. 6. Successfully budget time, plan a weekly schedule, and set up meetings as needed in order to promote self-advocacy. 7. Identify post-secondary goals and develop a plan to attain these goals. 8. Develop essay writing techniques and apply these strategies to core classes. By the completion of this course, students will know… 1. Reading comprehension strategies 2. Writing strategies . 3. Math problem-solving strategies 4. Standardized Test Taking strategies 5. Note Taking Strategies 6. Time Management Strategies for application to self-learning This courses last updated on January 27, 2021, by the Practical Art Department.
Background Image Audubon Burgundy Pasture Beef Audubon Conservation Ranching Certified Most of the vast native prairie that originally covered over 300 million acres of the Great Plains has been lost to conversion to agriculture and development. A range of factors, including invasive species encroachment, urbanization, energy development, and unsustainable livestock management practices, has degraded the grasslands that remain. As a result, grassland birds have suffered an unparalleled decline over the past half century. Audubon CertificationBy choosing beef products from Burgundy Beef, the first Audubon-certified ranch in Texas, you are contributing to the expansion and sustainability of livestock management practices that are better for your health, better for cattle, and better for the environment. Audubon's "green seal" is the premiere certification for products that have positive impacts on grassland bird habitat and grassland ecosystems. The Audubon Conservation Ranching program empowers consumers to support conservation by selecting beef products bearing the Audubon seal, knowing that these products come from lands where grazing and management practices ensure diverse bird habitat, healthy soils, abundant pollinators, and cleaner waters.
400-year-old shark found in the Arctic could be the oldest living vertebrate A 400-year-old Greenland shark, which would have reached sexual maturity at around 150 years, sets a new record for being the oldest living vertebrate. Greenland sharks were overfished during WWII since their livers could be used for machine oil, which has conservation consequences. Scientists have made a startling discovery where they have found a shark whose age was estimated to be at least 392 years. Yes, a Greenland shark has been found in the Arctic region and could very well be the oldest living vertebrate on the planet. The research is published in the journal Science. The researchers have measured the creature and estimated that it could be born as early as 1505. Known to live in temperature less than -1 degree Celcius, these creatures can swim as deep as 7,200 feet and weigh more than a tonne. According to reports, the shark measured 18ft in length. It is this length which reportedly can mean the shark can be anywhere between 272 to 512 years old, as this species grows at a rate of 1 cm a year. It is the oldest among the 28 Greenland sharks that are analyzed. These sharks have an estimated lifespan of 400 years and they spend their time swimming around looking for mates. Greenland sharks won’t reach sexual maturity until they’re 150. But determining the exact age of the Greenland shark is a tricky business. Researchers used a technique called eye lens radiocarbon dating. The eye lenses of all vertebrates continue to grow with the animal through its life, adding layers like an onion. In the late 1950s, atmospheric tests of thermonuclear weapons caused a big and easily detectable spike in the amount of radiocarbon that eventually made its way into the sea. Scientists call this bump ‘the bomb pulse’, and it has become a handy way to verify the age of marine organisms. If the amount of radiocarbon in a shark’s lens represents post-bomb-pulse levels, that’s a pretty clear indicator that the animal was born after 1960. Researchers found that the eye lens proteins of the two smallest of the 28 Greenland sharks had the highest levels of carbon-14, suggesting that they were born after the early 1960s. The third smallest shark, however, had carbon-14 levels only slightly above those of the 25 larger sharks, hinting that it was actually born in the early 1960s. View this post on Instagram 512-Year-Old Shark, Believed To Be Oldest Living Vertebrate, Found In North Atlantic – BY SUMAN VARANDANI @SUMAN09 ON 12/14/17 – Researchers have found an ancient shark in the North Atlantic, believed to be 512 years old, which could be the oldest living vertebrate in the world. While the animal was discovered months ago, its potential age was revealed in a study in the journal Science. Marine biologist Julius Nielsen found an 18-foot Greenland shark his team had been studying was at least 272 years old and possibly as old as 512 years. While the exact time of the discovery remains unknown, the news resurfaced as Neilsen completed his PhD thesis on Greenland sharks. #protectwhatyoulove #sharkbytes #sharkbytesapp #sharkweek #shark #saveoursharks #sharks #sharkawareness #ilovesharks #sharky #scuba #surf #beach #fishing #savesharks #sharklover #sharkconservation #learnsupportprotect #learn #support #protect #finalliance #elasmobranch #ourblueplanet #savetheoceans @lola_supertramp @otistheshark @mermaid_yogini A post shared by Paulo "shark" Henrique (@paulo__sphyrna_spp_btz) on It’s not totally clear why Greenland sharks live for so long. Scientists postulate that it may be in their genes, or it could be the fact that they live in relatively cold temperatures and have a slow metabolism. The distribution of this species is mostly restricted to the waters of the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The Greenland shark is an apex predator and mostly eats fish. It has never been observed hunting. Recorded fish prey have included smaller sharks, skates, eels, herring, capelin, Arctic char, cod, rosefish, sculpins, lumpfish, wolffish, and flounder. Greenland sharks have also been found with remains of seals, polar bears, horses, moose, and reindeer (in one case an entire reindeer body) in their stomachs. The Greenland shark is known to be a scavenger and is attracted by the smell of rotting meat in the water. We might have no exact idea about the reason behind these mysterious creatures for their long lives, but what we can hope is that these vertebrates will boost conservation efforts to protect the species and its habitat. Now that we have found these majestic creatures, it is now up to us to preserve these animals for future generations. 1. I hope our world environmentalists & marine biologist will protect this oldest shark in d world against mindless poachers. Especially chinese poachers. 2. The parasite latched onto the big guy’s eye is called Ommatokoita elongata, it renders the shark pretty much blind yet it isn’t an issue as light rarely glimpses through the depths these big boys stay at and they mainly rely on other senses Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
'Smart City' project to steer US toward better roadways DOT Smart City Challenge The elimination of gridlock sounds like a pipe dream, but the US Department of Transportation thinks it can be done -- and relatively soon, at that. YouTube screengrab via USDOT If the US is going to embrace a 21st century transportation system, one that includes things like autonomous vehicles, connected cars and data analytics, it needs to completely rethink its approach. And cities can help guide the way. That's the major line of thinking behind the Smart City Challenge, which the US Department of Transportation announced Monday in a conference call with Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx. "Our national vision is still very much constrained by 20th century thinking about the integration of technology," Foxx said. "The best lab we have for emerging technology is where that technology is most needed -- our communities." Mid-sized cities, defined by the DOT as having a population between 200,000 and 850,000 people, can submit descriptions for their vision of a "Smart City" that incorporates technology to solve future mobility concerns. Proposals need to be submitted by February 4, and after narrowing the field down to five finalists, the DOT will choose a winner in June. These cities are being targeted in particular because their transportation infrastructure is expected to be pushed to the limits in the next few decades due to predicted population increases. Over the next 30 years, America's population will grow by 70 million individuals, according to the DOT's "Beyond Traffic" report, most of whom will end up in urban areas like the ones included in this challenge. If the country waits until then to come up with a solution, it's already too late. The winning city will receive up to $50 million, including $10 million from Paul Allen's investment company, Vulcan, to help achieve its transportation goals. Those goals are loosely defined and left largely to the contestants to flesh out. They could include solutions for gridlock, integration of autonomous cars or utilizing vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The sky is the limit here, as long as cities focus on promoting safety and protecting the environment. "The 21st century will be dominated by urbanization," Foxx said. "The entire world is now having a conversation about smart cities and what they should look like. Now, it's time for them to show us." The transportation chief will host a webcast and a forum in the coming weeks, where he will discuss additional details about the opportunity and answer any questions the public might have.
Special reportJan 17th 2004 edition An addictive lullaby Can aid spur development? THE World Bank once offered loans to promote cocoa farming in Equatorial Guinea. Government ministers immediately seized the best cocoa farms and spent the loans on fancy cars. This is typical of how Africa's unpayable debt was incurred. For every dollar that foolish northerners lent Africa between 1970 and 1996, 80 cents flowed out as capital flight in the same year, typically into Swiss bank accounts or to buy mansions on the Côte d'Azur. Africans today are still paying for their old rulers' profligacy. Since the late 1990s, debt relief has eased the burden a little, but a recent IMF study predicted that the current multilateral debt-relief programme would not be enough to bring Africa's debts down to “sustainable” levels, and suggested that rich countries offer more grants. Attempts by outsiders to help Africa have an inglorious record. Development aid was supposed to promote growth, but has conspicuously failed to do so. Extravagantly aided poor countries have grown no faster than unaided ones. In the 1990s, donors grew disillusioned and started to shut their wallets. Then, in 1998, along came David Dollar and Lant Pritchett of the World Bank with a study that showed how aid could be made to work. They found that countries with sound economic policies (low inflation, a budget surplus and fairly free trade) and good institutions (rule of law, not much corruption, an effective bureaucracy) benefited from aid. Income per head in well-run countries grew a little if they received only a little aid, and by a lot more if they received a large amount of aid. By contrast, countries with bad policies and institutions stagnated or grew poorer, even with large handouts. Virtue rewarded Since then, it has been conventional wisdom that development aid should favour well-governed poor countries. This is the logic behind President Bush's promise of a 50% increase in American development aid by 2006, and behind the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), a pan-African initiative that promises better governance and asks for more aid. Some economists, however, have doubts. Mr Dollar's and Mr Pritchett's findings were based on data for the period 1970-93. William Easterly, a former World Bank economist, and others tried to update the results by using figures for 1970-97, but said they could “no longer find evidence that aid promotes growth in good policy environments”. Ian Vásquez of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank, thinks this may be because during the period covered by the first study several developing countries, such as Peru and Argentina, had carried out far-reaching reforms that yielded rapid growth. The second study included a period when they failed to stick with these reforms, and growth sputtered. Mr Vásquez argues that over-rewarding these governments with aid may have dulled their incentive to continue with tough reforms because there was no longer a crisis to justify them. Both Mr Easterly and Mr Vásquez also doubt the World Bank's claims that it has made its aid disbursals more selective. According to its own figures, it currently gives more aid per head to countries with poor policies ($2.30 a year) than it did in 1990 ($2). So what should donors do? More research would help. So would more private philanthropy. Individual donors are unlikely to bankroll despots for strategic reasons, as governments do. Bill Gates insists that the projects he supports through his private foundation should save the maximum number of lives at minimum cost, and monitors results more assiduously than state aid agencies seem to. Meanwhile, if western governments really want to help the poor, they should lift their trade barriers. “Aid without trade,” says Uganda's president, Yoweri Museveni, “is a lullaby—a song you sing to children to get them to sleep.” This article appeared in the Special report section of the print edition under the headline "An addictive lullaby" Reuse this contentThe Trust Project The Economist today Handpicked stories, in your inbox A daily newsletter with the best of our journalism
• Foundation for Rare Diseases • European Joint Programme Rare Diseases logo Diagnosing Rare Diseases: from the Clinic to Research and back Discover the role of research, clinical investigation and data sharing in diagnosing rare diseases. 2,720 enrolled on this course Diagnosing Rare Diseases: from the Clinic to Research and back Learn about rare diseases diagnosis, genetic testing and diagnostic research Around 30 million people in Europe are living with a rare genetic disease (a disease that affects less than 1 in 2,000 people). This course offers an exploration of key questions around rare disease diagnostic research and issues today, as well as insights into patient experiences. Learn about rare genetic disease diagnosis and testing Over the last two decades, a lot of progress has been made in diagnosing rare genetic diseases. You will discover more about the progress made through diagnostic research, as well as the types of genetic tests available for rare diseases, and the impact of having a diagnosis – or lacking a diagnosis – on patients’ lives. You’ll explore key issues relating to rare genetic diseases and undertake your own internet-based investigation into several diagnostic research topics. Understand the impact of technology in diagnostic research Technology plays a significant role in diagnosing rare diseases. As part of this course, you’ll explore technological advances in medical research and rare disease diagnosis, and discover the importance of data sharing, as well as the role of technology in the context of understanding the human genome. Gain insights into patients’ experiences of rare genetic disease This course also offers you the opportunity to gain insight into the lives of patients living with a rare genetic disease. Guest lecturers from the field of rare diseases will also discuss their current research projects and share information from their direct work with patients. Course image © 2020, Silvestre Cuinat • Week 1 Introduction to the course • Welcome and Introduction You will learn what a rare genetic disease is and what are the main inheritance patterns of rare genetic diseases. You will also get introduced to what a medical diagnosis and a genetic diagnosis are. • What is a rare disease? Rare diseases are diseases which affect a small number of people compared to the general population. Specific issues are raised in relation to their rarity. • Are all rare genetic diseases inherited? About 70%-80% of rare diseases are of genetic origin. In the remaining 20 to 30%, a rare disease can be caused by factors in the environment such as drug exposure or infections or be due to autoimmunity and are not inherited. • Challenges met when diagnosing rare diseases The notion of diagnosis in medicine may seem difficult to grasp and the ease of diagnosis varies from one individual to another. • What do we call a diagnostic odyssey? A diagnostic odyssey is a term which has come to be used to refer to the period from the onset of the first symptoms to the date of a definite diagnosis. • The place of patients groups and organisations Patients organizations and groups are essential in the diagnostic process and odyssey of many rare diseases patients around the world. • Why is it so important to put a name to a disease? Putting a name to a disease is a fundamental step in the journey of the patient and his/her relatives. It enables to clarify the prognosis and the progression of the disease and also to implement the appropriate care. • Test your knowledge What have you learnt and understood this week? Test your knowledge with a multiple choice quizz and reflect on the week's content. • Week 2 What is the clinical diagnostic pathway for rare diseases patients? • Welcome and Introduction In this week, you will learn how a genetic consultation is held, what is the degree of evidence of a medical diagnosis as well as what are the advantages and limitations of a medical diagnosis. • How is a first genetic consultation held? In this first part, you will learn how a first genetic consultation is prepared and run. The first genetic consultation is the initial step of the geneticist’s investigation. • Consenting to genetic testing - practical, ethical and research issues In most European countries, a genetic test is subject to a written informed consent containing quite similar information from one European country to another. • Medical diagnosis and genetic diagnosis: degree of evidence and challenges As you have seen in week 1, three main diagnostic situations (obvious, probable, unknown) can be found in genetics that we are recapitulating and detailing further this week. • Diagnosing rare diseases in Europe - collaborations and realities Over 30 million Europeans are concerned by a rare disease. How does the EU meets the challenge? Are there differences in addressing the challenge from on EU country to another? • Test your knowledge What have you learnt and understood this week? Test your knowledge with this quiz! Take also the opportunity to reflect on the week. • Week 3 Diving into analysis and interpretation of genetic results • Welcome and Introduction From prescribing of a genetic test to reporting the results of a genetic test: what happens? what are the challenges met? • What are the available tests to diagnose a rare disease? You will learn about the tests available in a medical setting to diagnose a rare disease (presumably of genetic origin). You will see the challenges, performance, advantages and disadvantages raised by each of them. • Genetic testing in practice We will now see more concretely how it works in the genetics clinics practice. • How NGS techniques have been a game-changer in clinical genetic services? You will now learn about how NGS techniques have been game changers when diagnosing a genetic rare disease. • Explanation of the human genome variability and the challenges met when interpreting data The human genome has not had as much time to accumulate genetic variation as have the vast majority of species on earth. Nonetheless, there is considerable genetic variation in our species. • What are prediction tools? The variants and regions of the human genome can be annotated with tens of data sources. • Basic principles of bioinformatics and biological analysis You will now get introduced to the basic principles of bioinformatics and biological analysis of databases to support the genetic analysis. • Multidisciplinarity is the key In this item, you will learn how multidisciplinary approaches are essential and rapidly developing in the genetic diagnosis of rare diseases, namely in the context of European Reference Networks (ERN). • Reporting results to patients You will now learn about five different situations that can be met in the clinical diagnostic practice when reporting the results to the patients. • Test your knowledge What have you learnt and understood this week? Test your knowledge with this quiz! Take some time to reflect on the week as well. • Week 4 What are the research steps to reach a diagnosis? • Welcome and Introduction When a diagnosis could not be found after state of the art clinical diagnostic tests and process: what research can offer to finally reach a diagnosis for undiagnosed patients? • Specific research challenges of cases without diagnosis Not finding a diagnosis in a clinical setting should lead to the development of research activities. Those will differ depending if a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS) has been identified or not. • Reclassification of Variants of Uncertain Significance We will explain why researchers should reassess gene tests results to declassify and/or reclassify variants. • Family co-segregation Understand and exercise around family co-segregation • What is clinical and functional reassessment? Clinical reassessment can have a role to play in different situations and can lead to the prescription of complementary investigations. • How to overcome negative exomes? How new research techniques and perspectives can overcome negative exomes. • Importance of international collaborations International collaborations and initiatives are key to tackle undiagnosed rare diseases. • Test your knowledge Time to assess what you have understood this week and to reflect on the topics of the week. • Week 5 What's next after the search for a diagnosis? • Welcome and Introduction Welcome to the last week of this course! This week opens the reflection to related-research fields that would help grasp both the challenges and the opportunities when diagnosing rare diseases from other perspectives. • How basic pathophysiological research can improve a diagnosis? Basic research in medicine refers to the study of fundamental knowledge and to the understanding of biological mechanisms and processes that underlie illness and health. • Towards multifactorial inheritance Towards multifactorial inheritance: How the estimation of risks and assessing the potential role of the environment can contribute to diagnostic evaluation? • Next Generation Sequencing: from Diagnosis to Prevention Sequencing individual genomes can help detect numerous variants that may be relevant for many applications, including preventive medicine. • Why are rare diseases registries and databases especially important? To initiate clinical trials or to conduct natural history studies in rare diseases, a sufficient number of patients is often difficult to find. • How Social Sciences can help better understand challenges surrounding rare disease diagnosis? Social sciences make a significant contribution to our capacity to both understand health problems and challenges beyond medical issues. They also offer interesting avenues to explore in order to offer novel solutions. • Next Generation Sequencing in medical practice: can we afford it? NGS technologies have emerged as important alternatives to the traditional diagnostic pathway, especially with drastic cost reduction of those techniques. What does it entail from an health-economics perspective? • Wrap up and next steps A few take home messages and some information on additional training on rare diseases. When would you like to start? • Available now Learning on this course What will you achieve? • Explain the main modes of genetic inheritance • Describe what a rare disease is and its impact above the medical sphere • Understand how rare diseases are diagnosed in a medical setting • Explain the impact of having or lacking a diagnosis for rare diseases patients and families • Describe what a diagnostic odyssey is • Evaluate which genetic tests are most suitable for a given clinical scenario • Identify appropriate applications of NGS technologies to some specific clinical scenarios within a diagnostic and a research setting • Understand what Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS) and clinical reassessment are • Describe how the field of rare diseases diagnosis has developed over the past decade • Explore some bioinformatics and prediction tools and their utility in diagnosing rare diseases • Reflect on some ethical, personal and social challenges that arise when diagnosing rare diseases Who is the course for? This course is designed for individuals with a keen interest in diagnostic research and rare diseases. While primarily designed for medical students and PhD/post-doc students in biomedical sciences, it will also be of interest to Patients Advocacy Organisations’ representatives, Healthcare professionals or paramedics who want to further their knowledge of rare diseases diagnosis. Who will you learn with? I am a geneticist specialized in cancer predispositions. I am the head of the Clinical Unit of the Genetic Department of Institut Curie in Paris, France. I have a Ph.D in cancer genetics. MD-PhD in Medical Genetics Head of FHU TRANSLAD project (translational medicine in developmental disorders (DD) Head of the AnDDI-Rares network for DD Head of the teaching and training of ERN ITHACA Regional Coordinator at the Foundation for Rare Diseases in France, in charge of EU programs. I am coordinating the Online Academic Course within the European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases. Who developed the course? Foundation for Rare Diseases The Foundation for Rare Diseases is coordinating a series of courses on rare diseases research topics within the context of the European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases. The first course will address research issues related to diagnosis in the rare diseases context. European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases The European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases (EJP RD) brings over 130 institutions (including all 24 ERNs) from 35 countries to create a comprehensive, sustainable ecosystem allowing a virtuous circle between research, care and medical innovation. Join this course Join free and you will get: • Access to this course for 7 weeks Upgrade this course and you will get: • Access to this course for as long as it’s on FutureLearn • A print and digital Certificate of Achievement once you’re eligible $189.99 for one year Buy Unlimited and you will get: Find out more about upgrades or Unlimited. Learning on FutureLearn Your learning, your rules Join a global classroom Map your progress Want to know more about learning on FutureLearn? Using FutureLearn Learner reviews You can use the hashtag #FLrarediseasesdiagnosis to talk about this course on social media.
9001 Wakarusa Street, La Mesa, CA 91942 World Immunization Week 2020: Childhood Vaccines FAQ The Mayo Clinic answers questions on childhood vaccines, including the benefits of a vaccine over natural immunity, the myth that vaccines cause autism, and the side effects of vaccines. Q: Is natural immunity better than a vaccine? A: “A natural infection might provide better immunity than vaccination—but there are serious risks. For example, a natural chickenpox (varicella) infection could lead to pneumonia. A natural polio infection could cause permanent paralysis. A natural mumps infection could lead to deafness. … Vaccination can help prevent these diseases and their potentially serious complications.” Q: Do vaccines cause autism? A: “Vaccines do not cause autism. Despite much controversy on the topic, researchers haven’t found a connection between autism and childhood vaccines. In fact, the original study that ignited the debate years ago has been retracted.” Q: Are vaccine side effects dangerous? A: “Any vaccine can cause side effects. Usually, these side effects are minor. … Rarely, a child might experience a severe allergic reaction or a neurological side effect, such as a seizure. … The benefits of getting a vaccine are much greater than the possible side effects for almost all children.” Q: Why are vaccines given so early? A: “The diseases that childhood vaccines are meant to prevent are most likely to occur when a child is very young and the risk of complications is greatest. … If you postpone vaccines until a child is older, it might be too late.” Q: Is it OK to pick and choose vaccines? A: “In general, skipping vaccines isn’t a good idea. This can leave your child vulnerable to potentially serious diseases that could otherwise be avoided. And consider this: For some children—including those who can’t receive certain vaccines for medical reasons (such as cancer therapy)—the only protection from vaccine-preventable diseases is the immunity of the people around them.” Q: What vaccinations are recommended? A: “Leading health care providers and the CDC recommend these vaccinations: • Diphtheria/Tetanus/Pertussis • Haemophilus Influenza B • Hepatitis A • Hepatitis B • Human Papilloma Virus • Influenza • Meningococcal • MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) • Pneumococcal • Polio • Rotavirus • Varicella (chickenpox) Many of these vaccinations can be administered in groups, and there are also “catch up” schedules available. There are certain individuals who should not receive vaccines. It’s important to discuss this with your health care provider. Also, you can review guidelines on the CDC’s website” at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html?s_cid=cs_001. For more detailed answers, visit https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/the-facts-about-vaccinations and https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/vaccines/art-20048334. Newsletter Sign-up
Art Olympics Art Olympics Submitted by: Heidi McElroy (Inspired from Getty TeacherArtExchange Thread - Possible credit goes to Christina Arndt) ELEMENT-ary events: Line- Bow line race on length of paper. I drop watered down tempera and a member from each team uses a straw to blow a continuous line over the finish line. Shape- (team event) In 30 seconds using scissors and Construction Paper all team members who have brought their scissors (being prepared) cut as many different shapes as possible. Value- (team event) Race. The first team to put 8 different colored rectangles of const. paper in correct value order (light to dark or dark to light) wins. I have done this with their shirt colors also. Texture- (1 person team helps) takes a dark crayon and a piece of paper and collects as many different texture rubbings in one minute. Form- (team event) Body sculpture. The first team to spell out the word "art" wins. I always remind them that I read left to right. I have also done this as a house of cards contest. The first team to create a first story then second story etc. gets first place. Space- (1 person team helps) each team is given a circle, square, and triangle cut out of paper and a background paper. The first team to glue the shapes so that the square is in the background, circle in the middle ground and the triangle is in the foreground wins. Color- (1 person) I have done this event two different ways. 1-From assorted balloons the team member must choose one of the primaries, blow it up and tie it securely. 2- out of my scrap Crayons box the team member must find the three primaries and color them on a paper. (race) Sometimes I ask for the secondaries or neutrals etc. for variety. I usually work in 5 teams of my choosing (by table area) of 5-6 students. 1st place scores 5, 2nd-4, 3rd-3, 4th-2, and 5th-1 for each event. As a tie breaker or time finisher, I have had teams list the 7 elements as a race and give a point for each correct answer. Or teams create new lyrics to the melody of twinkle twinkle little star using the art elements. They are given points for the number of elements used in the song, creativity, and completeness- if the song makes sense-ha! Balance- 5 minute timed event (team event) Building a house of cards. At the end of the time limit the tallest house wins. Design/structure may be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Pattern- (team event) 1 minute the team with the longest list of patterns (repeated designs) wins. Proportion- (two members) a race to put photographic reproductions of real objects in the correct size relationships ranging either from large to small or small to large. Contrast- (team event) 1 minute race. Team lists as many pairs of opposite characteristics of the various art elements. example short/long - line smooth/rough - texture light/dark - value Unity- (team event) 4 minutes. Relay race. 6x18 paper folded in fourths One team member draws a design (1 minute) passes on to next team member to reproduce. Creates a border design. Emphasis- (1 person with teams advice) creates an area of emphasis in the border design. Rhythm- (team event) Teams have time to compose new lyrics to the melody of Twinkle Twinkle Little star or some other well known song, using art elements and principles learned. The team must sing their song and is judged on- number of art terms used, rhythm, and completeness ( if the song makes sense). [it has been awhile since I used this; I recall it taking around 3 class periods of about 45 minutes each]
Do octopuses dream like we do? A study carried out in Brazil appears to confirm that octopuses have a sleep cycle similar to that of humans 23 April 2021 \| by Redazione Is a mollusc capable of dreaming like we do? When put this way it seems incredible, a joke, certainly. Yes a study carried out in Brazil by the team lead by Brazilian neuroscientist, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes Ribeiro, director of the Brain Institute at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), seems to confirm that cephalopods have a sleep cycle similar to that of humans. After all, the source of the news is authoritative and comes from a researcher specialised in sleep study and animal behaviour (some of his studies on hummingbirds are well-known in the scientific community). We have always known about the intelligence of the octopus, well known to anyone who has had the luck to see them in their natural environment or fished them. These splendid animals are capable of understanding and resolving simple problems, like, for example, opening the lid of a bottle to reach the prey within. We also know about their incredible camouflage skills (where they can take on different shapes and colours), a skill they use to capture their prey, or to escape, in turn, from predators, or to communicate with each other. The Brazilian scientists have now observed that during certain sleep phases, octopuses pulse with a different colour. This phase is very similar to human REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement), which is when we dream. In another phase, the animal experiences a tranquil slumber, where it is completely still and takes on a pale white colour. During an interview Dr. Ribiero noted that “we must be extremely cautious about the data collected on the sleep of cephalopods. In mammals, the active sleep phase, REM, is very long and can even last dozens of minutes. If the same thing does happen in the octopus, the narrative structure of the dream taking place must be much shorter. It is unlikely to be a complete story.” Therefore, it is probable that the octopus dreams in a series of clips, not an entire “film” which sometimes happens to humans. Maybe he is dreaming about a delicious prey, and when he is about to catch it, the dream ends. How often does that happen to us though? If you would like to see an octopus dreaming watch the video below, where you can watch Heidi sleeping in the aquarium belonging to the American marine biologist, David Scheel. It is so sweet to watch, and may make eating another plate of octopus and potatoes hard to imagine. Or your mouth may no longer water at the sight of them hanging out in front of a seaside Greek taverna. You decide if you want to take the risk. Video source: PBS Leave a Reply Advertising \| Authors \| Privacy policy \| Informativa cookies \| Contacts made by SUNDAY Comunicazione
West Rock Park Baldwin Drive January 29, 2021 West Rock’s Baldwin Drive is nothing more than a glorified trail over and through the far reaches of the park. Used mostly for hiking and mountain biking, it is an unmaintained paved road that is slowly being reclaimed by nature. Baldwin Drive was originally designed as one of the most scenic parkways on the East Coast, intended to be a grand entrance to the city of New Haven from the Merritt Parkway. Baldwin Drive connects with Regicides Drive near Judge’s Cave, the famous glacial erratic that once hid fugitive Regicides from British agents in 1661, at the southern summit of West Rock State Park. The former parkway (in the literal sense a way cutting through a park) rides along the top of the ridge for several miles before eventually descending and circling back to the main gatehouse at the base of the mountain. The road is named for former Connecticut Governor Simian E. Baldwin who upon his passing in 1927, bequeathed $100,000 to the New Haven Parks Commission, which led to the acquisition of much of the land that the road passes over. Baldwin had been a founding member of the Parks Commission in 1879. Through 1924, he served with the parks group and was personally responsible for the conservation of thousands of acres of land within the New Haven city limits. In addition to adding to what was then a city park, the funds left by Baldwin put a plan in motion to construct a “skyway” that would provide motorists with astounding panoramic views of New Haven, Hamden, Woodbridge, Bethany, and in the distance Long Island Sound and other surrounding communities. The Baldwin Parkway was one of the first of its kind in the Northeast and its construction predated the groundbreaking of the Merritt/ Wilbur Cross Parkway by nearly 10 years. Baldwin Drive was a public works project during the Great Depression. While it is often credited as being a WPA project, the road was built in 1933 to 1934, before the formation of the Works Progress Association in 1935, and therefore was most likely a project under the Public Works Administration (PWA) banner. The basic principles were the same, helping to put unemployed persons to work during a period of record unemployment in the nation and state. The road was completed over 15 years before the West Rock Tunnel (known after 9/11 as Heroes Tunnel) ran the Wilbur Cross Parkway under the ridge continuing its path towards Hartford. In the early 1940s the plan was to connect Baldwin Drive and the Wilbur Cross Parkway moving local highway traffic over the 700 foot ridge and dropping motorists down into Westville as a grand entrance to the Elm City. Clearly that plan changed and never came to fruition. The 1950s and 60s were the heyday of cruising along New Haven’s skyway for both cars and bicycles as the road hosted several Olympic trial races. In the 1970s, Baldwin Drive attained the reputation of being a destination to park and party. Today broken glass and old cans still litter spots as relicts of a different American era. Buoyed by community environmental advocacy West Rock joined the state park system in 1982, becoming the second largest Connecticut state park. Eventually due to budget cuts Baldwin Drive was closed as a motor throughway. The decreased maintenance and care has allowed the drive to become worn, brittle, and overgrown while over the years the trees and brush have grown, obscuring the incredible and vast views. Over the course of the recent decades the lack of daily motorized traffic, along with volunteer care and advocacy has reawakened the unique natural habitat of a number of plants and animals continuing West Rock’s legacy as a one of a kind destination in New Haven. Jason Bischoff-Wurstle Director of Photo Archives
Physical Properties You Should Consider When Using Rebar Rebar plays a vital role in boosting the life span of concrete. It has been used for many decades as a strengthening agent for concrete. Rebar is manufactured from various types of alloys and grades of steel. You can buy top grade steel from the very popular steel suppliers Brisbane. The exteriors of all the steel rods include ridges. The presence of ridges allows concrete to stick to the rebar. It also prevents concrete from sliding around inside the slab. Concrete may be strong under compression but it has weak tensile power. And, rebar can effectively boost the tensile strength of a particular structure. Given below are some properties which makes rebar a great choice for reinforcing concrete constructions: 1. Smooth Expansion: Soon after embedding in the concrete, rebar becomes thermal coefficient which is very much similar to concrete. Concrete and rebar must expand and contract at a similar rate. It is because concrete offers weak tensile power. Spilling may take place in case there is tension between rebar and concrete due to a difference in expansion rates. You should take into consideration the expansion while implementing rebar into concrete. And, always use rebar which offers strong protective features to bring down or eliminate corrosion or rust. 2. Rusting: In case you spot rusting on rebar, do not panic. A little amount of rust should not be a cause of worry. However, you should notice if the rust is leading to a huge amount of corrosion in a bar. If it is so, the rebar may not be usable. Rebar reinforcement should be effective and satisfactory irrespective of the rust on the external side of the bar. The rebar reinforcement should meet the laid down standards in the industry. Check the standards of reinforcing mesh Brisbane. The level of rust should also come under the specified requirements for brush testing. If you notice rust on rebar, then follow the available standards before embedding in the concrete. 3. Grounding: Though rebar is manufactured from metal, the real electrical conductor in a foundation is concrete. And, the concrete must always be grounded. The ideal way to ground the concrete is possible only by using rebar. It is also known as Ufer Ground. The key element is that rebar remains in close contact with the earth. In the absence of close contact with the earth, rebar will not be able to ground the foundation. Make sure you check all the guidelines before using rebar for grounding the concrete slab. 4. Low Magnetic Field: Stainless steel rebar can effectively bring down magnetism and ensures that procedures or machinery within the building receives no disruption. It has emerged ideal for hospital, toll booths with electronic pass detection, laboratories, and medical facilities with MRI machines. You can contact leading stainless reinforcing mesh Brisbane to procure stainless steel rebar. Concrete has emerged quite robust in compression but a little weak in tension. In order to compensate for this imbalance in concrete’s nature, rebar is cast into it. By casting rebar into steel, it can easily carry huge loads. The most common rebar in the industry is carbon steel. It consists of rolled shape round bars with deforming shapes. The other types of rebar may include stainless steel, composite bars manufactured from glass fiber or carbon fiber. So, get in touch to learn more about steel bar Brisbane and purchase it at competitive prices. Concrete Rebar Reinforcement: When is it Necessary? Reinforcement can significantly resist the tensile stress in a particular area of concrete. In its absence, cracks may appear. The main purpose of providing reinforcement is to resist the internal tensile. It is mainly provided in compression areas to enhance the capacity of compression and ductility. The other purpose of providing concrete rebar reinforcement is to bring down the long term deflection which helps in increasing the flexural capacity of the beams. Reinforcing mesh Brisbane plays a crucial role in boosting the life of structures. What is Rebar? Rebar has emerged as a crucial constituent of reinforced concrete. It is generally manufactured with the help of ridged carbon steel as the ridges help in offering frictional bond to the concrete. Rebar is cast into concrete to convey tensile loads on a particular structure, as concrete may be very strong but it lacks strength in tension. Reinforcement helps in preventing excessive cracking of structures often caused due to changes in temperature or shrinkage in the controlled structural elements. Role of Reinforced Concrete and Its Growing Importance The importance of reinforced concrete has been surging with every passing day as it works really well in tension or compression. We have already witnessed that concrete is a composite material which remains effective in compression but not in tension. And, the situation can be tackled by casting wet concrete around the robust steel reinforcing bars supplied by renowned steel suppliers Brisbane. As soon as the concrete gets hardened around the steel bars, the outcome is new reinforced concrete popularly known as reinforced cement concrete. Advantages of Reinforced Cement Concrete The main advantage of reinforced cement concrete is that it remains highly effective and solid both in tension or compression, as the concrete provides the compressive power by resisting the squeezing and steel offers tensile strength by resisting bending or stretching. The outcome is reinforced concrete uses one composite material inside the other one. Concrete becomes matrix and steel bars offer the reinforcement. Why Steel Bars Are Preferred Over Other Materials to Reinforce Concrete? Generally, we could have used any kind of material to reinforce concrete but here we will answer why steel bar Brisbane are given preference over other materials? We use steel bars because they have the strong power of expanding and contracting in any weather condition whether it is too hot or too cold in the similar proportion of concrete. Due to this, it will not cause any crack to concrete which surrounds it in comparison to any other material which might have cracked if it expanded or contracted. Types of Reinforced Concrete There are various types of reinforced concrete available in the market which may include steel fiber, glass fiber, engineered cementations composite, etc. • Glass fiber reinforced concrete: It has been in use for the last 25 years for concrete reinforcement apart from steel. Various structures have been using glass fiber reinforced concrete which may include bricks and ceramic tiles. • Steel fiber reinforced concrete: It can significantly reinforce concrete by resisting the tensile cracking. It can also easily withstand light and heavy loads. • Engineered Cementitious Composite: Popularly known as bendable concrete, it is claimed that it is 40 percent lighter than normal concrete. It can easily self-repair the cracks by the reaction caused by carbon dioxide and rainwater. Concrete rebar reinforcement plays a vital role in bringing down the number of cracks which may appear in concrete surfaces and mesh has emerged less expensive than rebar reinforcement. You can buy top quality steel reinforcing mesh Brisbane from leading producer who can offer you top quality products at competitive prices. What Is Wire Mesh? What Is Rebar? · Cost: · Support: · Strength: Final Thoughts: What Is the Difference Between Rebar and Wire Mesh? Rebar – Definition Wire Mesh: Differences between steel bar Brisbane and wire mesh Price constraint Cracking and breaking Difficulty in placement Orientation aspect Rebar: Steel Reinforcement for Concrete Structures Rebar (short for reinforcement bar) also known as reinforcement steel are steel bars or mesh used on structures made of concrete, brick, and other types of materials to reinforce them and give them strength. Concrete has very weak tensile strength (ability to withstand load) and therefore requires reinforcement bars and meshes to enhance their strength and prevent the concrete from cracking. The ultimate strength of a concrete structure depends on the reinforcement material used and it is very essential that you consult experts in steel reinforcement mesh Brisbane for a suggestion. Why do I need to use Rebars? Concrete has brittle properties and over time it tends to crack. Moreover, due to varied climate conditions, concrete tends to expand and contract and thereby causes tension, resulting in a collapsed structure. Adding rebars and steel reinforcement mesh helps the structure to absorb and distribute the tension. What is steel reinforcement mesh? How is it different from rebars? Steel reinforcement mesh and rebars serve the similar purpose of providing concrete with tensile strength. Steel reinforcement mesh is nothing but a wire mesh made out of individual rebars. Although they serve a similar purpose, the choice depends on the structural needs. Which is better – rebars or steel reinforcement mesh? Both are useful and often the choice depends on the structure itself. For example, rebars are best used vertically while steel reinforcement mesh is better suited for slabs. Also, steel reinforcement meshes have the ability to shape the concrete structure, which rebars do not have. To best understand what type of reinforcing will suit your building, consult an expert on reinforcing steel bar Brisbane. What are the available types of Rebars and steel reinforcing mesh in Brisbane? Rebars come in various sizes, types, and technical specifications. The correct and suitable rebar type depends on various factors including the structure to be reinforced, the use of the structure, climate conditions and so on. Generally, rebars can be divided into the following types: • Size: Based on the diameter rebars can be of 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 24mm, 28mm, 32mm, and 36mm. • Shape: Rebars generally come in three shapes/cross-sections – deformed ribbed bar, round/plain bar and deformed indented bar. • Ductility: Based on the ductile strength it can be of low ductility, normal ductility or seismic (Earthquake) ductility. • The material used and coating: Based on the material and type of coating there are a handful of rebar types – European rebar made principally of manganese, carbon steel, galvanized, epoxy coated, glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer (GFRP), and stainless steel. Which rebar should I choose? The choice of rebar is determined by the Building codes and engineering specifications. Moreover, these specifications also determine the placement, spacing, pouring technique, and curing time for the reinforcement. Due to the multitude of types of rebars and demanding specifications, the choice of rebars and reinforcement is better left with the experts in steel reinforcing mesh Brisbane. How to properly install rebars and reinforcement mesh? Reinforcement installation is a highly technical job and must be done by professionals having specialization in reinforcement techniques. Poorly installed reinforcement mesh and rebars can cause damage to the structure and may even cause the structure to collapse under tough conditions. Some examples of poor installation are: • Using little or no steel in the concrete structure. • Improper placement of rebar resulting in the rebars too close to the edge and resulting in rust and corrosion. • Rebars and mesh shifting position when concrete is poured resulting in compromised strength. • Using low quality or wrong specification of rebars and mesh. Choosing the right type of reinforcement and proper installation is a highly complex process and must be done by a qualified professional and under the guidance of experts in the field. For any type of consultation regarding rebars and steel reinforcing mesh Brisbane, trusts none other than Reocrete. Get artsy with rebar and premix concrete Concrete isn’t exclusively for pavement and driveways. It’s a material that’s useful for many domestic and private uses…like art. Architects are artists with the stuff, as are sculptors. Look at Ai Weiwei. Though grim, he used rebar from the Sichuan earthquake to make both art and a statement about the lives lost. Our suggestions, though, have less to do with destruction and more with creating. Premix concrete and rebar have a number of uses for our inner homewares fanatic. If you have the right tools, there’s nothing that can stop you! You can also turn your hobby into a profit and sell your wares online, on sites like Gumtree or Etsy. What can you make? Well, what can’t you make, really. Premix concrete can be shaped into the likes of: • Fruit bowls • Plates, bowls • Candle holders • iPad stands • Vases (flowers, succulents) • Paperweights You get the picture. Any of the above can also be made with rebar, but premix concrete is more reliable (less gaps). Premix concrete is hardy and versatile. Besides homewares, you can also make furniture out of it! Rebar is also good for this, but is better as a frame because the sharp edges can cut someone. Concrete furniture looks amazing when it matches the rest of your home. Think renovated warehouses, rooms with exposed walls and cement rendering etc. Everyday homeowners have gotten more design savvy thanks to home renovation reality television. You might need to order a little extra premix concrete and rebar to make solid items. You can’t do much with only half a bag of product. Cement-appropriate items include: • A variety of tables (coffee, bedside, dining room) • Kitchen bench (alternative to marble) • Shelving units • Storage boxes Garden accessories The contactor most likely used premix cement and rebar to create your driveway, patio and other large slabs around the house. You can use the leftovers to make something pretty, no different to a sculptor. Some furniture and accessories, like the ones above, are appropriate to have on the patio.If you have the means, and an inner Michelangelo waiting to unleash itself, create a cement block and get carving! Here’s something else interesting to read: Reocrete History Lesson: Famous concrete structures around the world Concrete Design Ideas Concrete has an unglamorous image as something councils use to make footpaths and this isn’t fair. Its design applications for the home are endless, both outside and in. Concrete isn’t just a boring material you only use for making driveways. We’ve listed its other design uses below. These are found in any home, whether it’s made of pavers or a concrete slab. Patios are an essential part of the Australian lifestyle. Where else would you put the barbecue and the outdoor dining set? The method for laying out a patio is the same as if you were installing a new driveway. You can choose the type of finish you want the concrete to have, colour and surface area. Garden Beds Inbuilt garden beds are great for adding a little life wherever they are. Contractors build them against a wall or as a stand-alone structure. They’re strong and versatile. You don’t even have to use the garden beds for plants. They make a great storage solution. If you build a garden bed but don’t plant anything, there’s another option. You can use it to store equipment overflowing from the shed or any kid’s toys lying around. Add some thick wooden or steel slats, some cushions and you have an extra seat! Concrete walls are an out-of-the-box design idea for modern homes that get featured in the pages of home and real estate magazines. Tadao Ando, the Japanese architect, designed structures entirely made of concrete. He designed his buildings to use the natural light wherever they are, and purposefully left the walls bare to emphasise the beauty in simplicity. Some homeowners, though, might not see things in Tadao’s perspective. Blank walls are blank canvases. They might hang several pieces of art on the walls or even commission a mural as something unique. Concrete and rebar together make a near-indestructible combination. They are a great return on investment and provide something sturdy for the home. While concrete home designs are nothing new, people designing a home might not give them much consideration. They favour more “traditional” home builds. The above ideas show, however, that concrete and rebar have so much more potential than just making new footpaths. What to know about reinforcement mesh What is it? What does it do? Is there only one type? • Square mesh • Rectangular mesh • Trench mesh Photo credit: Rob de Vries, via / CC BY
Cupping is a irregular saw-tooth wear around the entire tire to one or both shoulders. It is a phenomenon on many cars with a modern suspension. A tire with this kind of wear makes a noise similar to a faulty wheel bearing. To get more insight into the phenomenon of cupping and how you can do something about it I collected some information. The cause of the cupping is vehicle related. Cupping is caused by several factors: • The alignment of the vehicle, • tire pressure, • the way in which the vehicle is used, • the choice of the tires. To give a vehicle in general, and in particular at high speed, a larger directional stability, car manufacturers provide the vehicle a non-driven rear axle with a longer toe-in. This will result in the left rear wheel to go to the right and the right rear wheel to the left. Both wheels however run in a straight line. The result is that the load on the shoulder of the tire is irregular and consequently will wear out. (Tyre manufacturers recommend in general to adjust the tracking and camber within the recommended maximum tolerance towards "zero" tune). A (too) low tire pressure will cause "sag" and the shoulderpressure will increase. This, in combination with, toe-in, will speed up the wearing process and causes a sawtooth pattern. Increase your tire pressure and the shoulders will be relieved. (Some tire manufacturers recommend to increase the pressure by 10-15% and thus reduce the chance of cupping). Regularly change of wheels between front and rear (from 10,000 to 15,000 km) also reduces cupping. If you're a sporty driver than your tires wear out faster while a quiet rider will get a higher milages. In the latter case, the tire has a greater opportunity for cupping. Larger tires cup easier than narrow tires, it is also wise to choose a profile with closed shoulders. When the spacing between the blocks on is smaller larger and / or interconnect, there movement on the road surface is less (less tilt / stuffing). A statement of Goodyear Dunlop Tires Netherlands BV is, if a tire is not used in a extreme way, has the correct pressure and rolls exactly straight, cupping will not occur.. NOTE! This site uses cookies and similar technologies. I understand What is a Cookie Cookies are used on this website. A cookie is a small file that comes with the pages of this website. These files are stored on the hard drive of your computer by your browser. The stored information can be used during a next visit of the website. Permanent Cookies By using a permanent cookie we can recognize you when you visit our website. The website can therefore be optimized to your preferences (f.e. the language choice). When you have given permission for the placement of cookies we can remember this by means of a cookie. As a result, you don't have to repeat your preferences. This will save time and it optimizes the use of our website. You can remove permanent cookies via your browser settings. Sessie cookies Using a session cookie we can see which parts of the website you've viewed during your visit. These cookies are automatically deleted once you close your Web browser. Google Analyctics Through our website, a cookie is placed of the American company Google, as part of the "Analytics" service. We use this service to keep track how visitors use the website. See also the Google privacy privacy statement To enable to look or liste to media, sometimes cookies must be placed. For example youtube movies. Cookies are placed on your computer by such a website. Use of data Your data will be used only as indicated above, date is not used for other purposes and will not be provided to third parties. Enabling, disabling and deleting cookies Enabling, disabling and deleting cookies depends on the used browser, you can find this in the instructions and/or using the Help function of your browser. More information about cookies? On the Wikipedia you can find more informatio about cookies.
The English Language Is An Optimist A study finds that positive events outnumber negative events and that we therefore use far more positive words than negative words: The researchers say we've adopted a number of habits of convenience that reflect the frequent use of positive words in our language (in turn reflecting the greater frequency of positivity in the world). For example, positive words tend to be 'unmarked' - that is, the positive is the default (e.g. 'happy') whereas the negative is achieved by adding a negating prefix (i.e. 'unhappy'). Rozin cites four more such habits. Here's one more: when stating pairs of good and bad words together, it's nearly always the convention to mention the positive word first: as in 'good and bad' and 'happy and sad' rather than the other way around.
previous next [469d] not to advance on the living foe, as if they were doing something needful when poking1 about the dead? Has not this snatching at the spoils ere new destroyed many an army?” “Yes, indeed.” “And don't you think it illiberal and greedy to plunder a corpse, and is it not the mark of a womanish and petty2 spirit to deem the body of the dead an enemy when the real foeman has flown away3 and left behind only the instrument4 with which he fought? 1 κυπτάζωσι: cf. Blaydes on Aristophanes Nubes 509. 2 Cf. Juvenal, Satire xiii. 189-191. 3 ἀποπταμένου: both Homer and Sappho so speak of the soul as flitting away. 4 The body is only the instrument of the soul. Cf. Socrates' answer to the question,“How shall we bury you?”Phaedo 115 C ff. and the elaboration of the idea in Alc. I. 129 E, whence it passed in to European literature. Creative Commons License load focus Notes (James Adam) load focus Greek (1903) hide Places (automatically extracted) Download Pleiades ancient places geospacial dataset for this text. hide Display Preferences Greek Display: Arabic Display: View by Default: Browse Bar:
how to pronounce intervene how to improve pronunciation of intervene press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound. press Play to play an example pronunciation of intervene. video examples of intervene pronunciation An example use of intervene in a speech by a native speaker of american english: “… did not intervene rather countries …” meaning of intervene Intervene means to take part in a dispute or conflict, to act as a mediator.
Identify a health problem in the US Health Care sector from the list below: 1. Tobacco dependency threatens the health of many Americans and it poses a preventable burden to the health care system. 2. It is not unusual for patients in US hospitals to acquire preventable diseases infections and conditions during their stay in the hospital. 3. A growing pool of patients is unable to read and write in the English language. Language is a barrier to effective care delivery as well as patient compliance. 4. Elderly and disabled patients with multiple medications are at risk of medication interactions and potential drug safety concerns. 5. Veterans may suffer from service-related injuries, both physical and mental health are concerns for the VA. 6. Not all medical devices are constructed safely. Patients and providers rely on their safety. 7. Health care providers are scarce in certain low-income and rural underserved areas in the US, including Native American territories. 8. Disadvantaged patients may seek care in emergency rooms because they have no where else to receive services. 9. Disadvantaged children often do not have health insurance and do not receive the preventive care (such as vaccines and well-baby check-ups) that can avoid long-term health problems. There are multiple agencies that are involved in implementing policy and regulations such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control PLACE ORDER FOR A COMPLETE AND CUSTOMIZED ANSWER U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the Office on Smoking and Health (OHS) is responsible for the restrictions on marketing, advertising and promotions that include prohibiting tobacco brand name sponsorship of any athletic, musical, or other social cultural event[USF161]. Also it requires that the audio ads ………………..PLACE ORDER FOR A COMPLETE AND CUSTOMIZED ANSWER…………
How the Pandemic has caused a change in Human Behaviour The big global event, COVID-19 has caused a change in human attitudes and behaviors today. While the normal life may come back, but there’s no question that many things will change, possibly forever. What will majorly see a paradigm shift is a way we think, our communication, design, and experience? The answer to all these emotions will lie in how people will react and how individuals, families, and social groups — all sources of creative innovation — hack new ways to live. While we all greeted each other with happiness, kept in constant touch, went out for a drink with our friends, things have now drastically changed. This is not just because people are afraid, but staying at home for so long, as connected us to our real selves and thus we are just being true to our nature. Some new human Behaviour Trends are: 1. Sensitivity to social interactions: While earlier meetings and gatherings were an event we all looked forward to, now for some it still remains the same, for the others, it has become an event that one wants to avoid because they are too afraid. The sense of fear because of the potential threat has lead to a perception of danger when around people. People have lost faith in trust, friendship, relations as everyone they meet now seems a likely virus carrier. 2. Virtual Society: With everything now going digital from forced virtual working to socializing has to lead to a massive shift towards virtual life. It will have an effect on communication, learning, working, consuming thus impacting everyone around. The next world will belong to the virtually adept individuals and not the bookish smart kinds. 3. Isolation: With everyone being advanced of self-isolation, it might soon become the epicenter of life and experience. This will lead to comfort carrying a premium price. The desire of cocooning along with working on the creative strategies will lead to winners who can make the best from the comfort of their homes. Mentally unstable 4. Increasing social discrimination: This pandemic has bought social discrimination which every society has been trying to fight for ages. With the rich class working from home, and the lower class looking for work, the demand vacuum is filling up, while the supply side is rising. Take a stroll down your neighborhood and you will see how the discrimination is now being turned to untouchability, where the higher class refuses to touch anything which the lower class has touched due to the fear of the virus. 5. Mental Sickness: WHile earlier there were cases of depression, abuse that people were suffering from, now it has turned into paranoia. Doubting everyone, washing hands multiple times, sanitizing your hand every second has lead to humans falling under the mental trap. While we all talk about the pandemic, its effect on education, economy, market what we forget to discuss is the effect on mankind and their behavior. Most of us might connect and also experience these changes in ourselves, it is important to keep reminding ourselves that My passion for writing has taken me to different places, but now I have decided to settle with Medium, where I can share and communicate with the world.
ExxonMobil Chemical Article Nov. 11, 2018 In this article ExxonMobil Chemical By 2040 it is estimated that the number of cars on the road in developed nations will increase by 15 percent. Despite this we believe that there will be a 40 percent decrease in the amount of fuel used thanks to improvements in fuel efficiency. To increase vehicle fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emissions auto manufacturers need lighter, more efficient materials to manufacture parts. ExxonMobil Chemical is driving the difference in automotive design. Our advanced materials support manufacturers in their efforts to build the fuel efficient cars of the future. From the window seals to where the rubber meets the road, our diverse products impact almost every part of the automobile from bumper to bumper. Butyl rubber innerliners help tires retain air, and properly inflated tires offer a one to two percent decrease in fuel consumption. Underinflated tires can cause CO2 emissions to increase by as much as 5g per kilometer driven. A man driving a car with his wife and daughter. Under the hood Our thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) are up to 20 percent lighter than thermoset rubber while offering similar performance. Using them for under-the-hood components such as seals and hoses leads to a lighter, more fuel-efficient car. A suite of specialty elastomers creates more effective automotive weatherseals that look better, longer. Exterior, body and chassis From lightweight seals and gaskets to tougher, scratch-resistant bumper fascia, our EPDM and TPV products offer essential ingredients for optimal performance in exterior automotive parts. Two mechanics examining the shocks of a vehicle on a car lift. Wires and cables Jayflex™ plasticizers contribute to the effectiveness of PVC as an insulating and sheathing material, providing durability and resistance to heat aging conditions. Fuel and lubricant additives A broad portfolio of aromatic fluids enables formulators to achieve the best possible performance for their refining, fuel or lubes additives. A man driving a car with his wife and daughter. With the global population expected to grow by an additional two billion people over the next 25 years, agricultural efficiencies are absolutely necessary to feed this increase in population. ExxonMobil Chemical products can help farmers economically increase their efficiency to feed more people while helping to conserve resources such as water, nutrients and fertilizer. Crop protection ExxonMobil Chemical hydrocarbon fluids are specifically designed to help create superior crop protection products that meet regulatory and environmental requirements. Three people crossing a wheat field at sunset, walking towards a farmhouse. Mulch film Our performance PE polymers exhibit high tear strength and toughness, helping mulch films maintain integrity even in demanding weather conditions. A little girl reaching for a branch. Greenhouse film To protect crops and improve moisture retention, ExxonMobil Chemical offers performance PE polymers and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer resins that are ideal for greenhouse covers and tunnel films. Two female scientists in a greenhouse examining plants. Silage film Silage films made with performance PE polymers from ExxonMobil Chemical maintain integrity to protect and preserve agricultural harvests through all types of weather. A male farmer kneeling in a field picking potatoes. Oil seed extraction We have a 30-year legacy of providing reliable products and solution-focused expertise to help oil seed millers meet their most demanding extraction challenges. A male farmer standing in a field inspecting corn plants. Healthcare and medical As a long-term supplier to the healthcare industry, ExxonMobil Chemical has developed and tested highly specialized products specifically for medical and pharmaceutical applications. From surgical gowns and bedding, to syringe tips and biomedical seals, our polymers deliver protection to medical providers and patients. Stoppers and seals Due to its high cleanliness and chemical resistance, more than 90 percent of antibiotic, infusion and biomedical stoppers made in Europe, the U.S. and Asia are based on halobutyl rubber. A doctor comforts a female patient about to have a CAT scan. Syringe tips, peristaltic tubes, seals, gaskets and grips A doctor examines an IV drip in the operating room with two doctors in the background. Medical packaging Our portfolio of high-quality polymers helps maximize the performance and cost-effectiveness of healthcare applications. A male and female doctor walk down a hospital corridor. Hygiene and personal care From performance polymers to tackifying resins, ExxonMobil offers a diverse group of products to meet a broad range of application needs in the hygiene industry. A doctor and patient reviewing the patient's medical case in an exam room. Medical nonwovens ExxonMobil Chemical has developed a variety of performance polymers and resins designed to improve barrier performance, fit and fabric. A group of doctors look at a laptop together. Related content white molecules Transforming plastic waste through advanced recycling Deploying advanced recycling solutions will expand the range of materials that can be recycled and will help maintain the performance of products over multiple recycling loops. This could translate into lower waste for society overall. Advanced chemical products Energy Factor Oct. 11, 2021 Energy and health care are two sides of the same coin Energy and health care are two sides of the same coin, and every day ExxonMobil manufactures essential products that help protect nurses, doctors and patients. Advanced chemical products Energy Factor Aug. 20, 2021 Donations by the gallon: A new solution from Louisiana Advanced chemical products Energy Factor April 24, 2020 A rapid response to protect travelers and frontline TSA officers Advanced chemical products Energy Factor April 17, 2020 A new collaboration to fight COVID-19 Advanced chemical products Energy Factor April 6, 2020 Helping doctors and nurses breathe safely Advanced chemical products Energy Factor April 2, 2020
Why Did Germany Lose Ww2? Who surrendered first in ww2? Why did America enter ww2? How many Japanese died in World War II? Total deaths by countryCountryTotal population 1/1/1939Total deathsJapan71,380,0002,500,000 to 3,100,000Korea (Japanese colony)24,326,000483,000 to 533,000Latvia (within 1939 borders)1,994,500250,000Lithuania (within 1939 borders)2,575,000370,00056 more rows Did Japan ever apologize for Pearl Harbor? Are there still bodies in the USS Arizona? Arizona are still alive and they have all indicated that they want to be buried in a family cemetery, according to Blount. But Lauren Bruner, a survivor of the attack on the vessel who died in September, chose to have his ashes interred on the wreckage. When and why did Germany surrender in ww2? May 7, 1945 After heavy fighting, Soviet forces neared Adolf Hitler’s command bunker in central Berlin. On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide. Within days, Berlin fell to the Soviets. German armed forces surrendered unconditionally in the west on May 7 and in the east on May 9, 1945. Why did Germany lose the Battle of Britain? RAF fighter losses fell below the output of replacements. In diverting the offensive from the RAF, the Germans had lost sight of the valid assumption with which they had begun: The key objective was destruction of the RAF. Otherwise, the Sea Lion invasion would not be possible. The Luftwaffe had one massive shot left. What ended WWII? Why did Japan attack us? What would have happened if the US didn’t enter ww2? When did Germany start losing ww2?
How does the placenta protect unborn babies from COVID-19? placenta covid-19 concept Only about 5 percent of babies born to COVID-19-positive mothers become infected themselves. Why? (Image: Adobe Stock; Illustration: Sebastian Stankiewicz, Boston Children's) Evidence has shown that pregnancy is a risk factor for severe illness in women with COVID-19. A recent CDC study reviewed case reports of approximately 400,000 women aged 15 to 44 with symptomatic COVID-19. Those who were pregnant had a roughly tripled likelihood of ICU admission and invasive ventilation and 70 percent higher mortality. Yet their newborns are mostly doing well. Reports indicate that babies born to COVID-19-infected mothers are infected only about 5 percent of the time. Moreover, most of those who test positive have mild or asymptomatic infections, rarely needing mechanical ventilation. Elizabeth Taglauer, MD, PhD, a placental immunologist in the Division of Newborn Medicine at Boston Children’s Hospital, wants to know why these babies are so resilient. Could the placenta have shielded them from COVID-19? “The lack of maternal-fetal transmission is one positive aspect of COVID,” she says. “I study the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface, and this seemed like an area where I could contribute to research efforts.” Examining the placenta’s response to COVID-19 The placenta is a complex, highly specialized, still little-understood organ. It helps prevent the mother’s immune system from rejecting her own fetus, while also preventing most bacteria and some viruses from passing from mother to baby. To explore the placental response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, Taglauer teamed up with Elisha Wachman, MD, a former colleague from her residency. Wachman is now at Boston Medical Center (BMC), which has been hit hard by COVID-19. Together they began following COVID-19-positive pregnant mothers and studying a variety of maternal and fetal samples, including placentas discarded after delivery. Since April 2020, Taglauer and Wachman’s team at BMC have built a biorepository of almost 80 placentas from COVID-19-positive mothers. Samples encompass the decidua (the layer closest to the mother), the placental villi (the branching projections through which mother and baby exchange nutrients), the chorionic plate (on the fetal side), and the membranes around the baby. Their early findings, from COVID-19-positive women who gave birth in April and May 2020, indicate that the virus can penetrate the placenta, but only partially. Surprisingly, even when babies were uninfected, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was detectable in the placental villi, and specifically in the outermost syncytiotrophoblast (sTB) layer. That layer directly contacts the mother’s blood and is the first barrier the virus must cross to get from mother to baby. The researchers also found ACE2, the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in the outer sTB layer of the villi in placentas from infected mothers, but at lower levels than in placentas from uninfected mothers. Taglauer speculates that it’s infected, the placenta down-regulates ACE2 as a protective measure, a possibility she plans to investigate in further studies. Another protein the virus uses to enter cells, TMPRSS2, was also present in placental tissues from infected and uninfected mothers, but at overall lower levels than ACE2. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may use other receptors to penetrate the placenta, another question for further exploration. Analyzing the placenta cell by cell Taglauer and Wachman are now collaborating with Jeffrey Moffitt, PhD, in the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children’s, to delve more deeply into placentas from mothers with and without COVID-19. Moffitt’s laboratory uses a technology called MERFISH that directly images RNA, capturing the full complement of gene “readouts” in individual cells. The team will analyze every cell within the placental tissues and profile the genes important to COVID-19. A COVID-19 placenta repository Taglauer and Wachman are offering their curated biorepository of placental tissue as a resource for others and inviting further collaborations. For more information, email “Understanding how the placenta protects babies from COVID-19 could help us understand more about how COVID-19 invades other organs, like the lungs, so we can develop treatments to counter the virus,” says Taglauer. “The anatomy of the placenta is very similar to that of the developing lungs and intestines at certain stages. And unlike lung or intestinal tissue from COVID-19 patients, we can get our hands on this tissue right away.” “This information can tell you what each cell is doing, and what it’s doing in relation to the cells around it,” says Taglauer. “We’re investigating the molecular response to COVID-19 in placental tissue from top to bottom, from the interface with the mother to the interface with the baby. This will be critical in understanding how the virus enters the placenta but is ultimately blocked from getting to the fetus, likely somewhere between the placental cells and the fetal circulation.” Learn more about the Division of Newborn Medicine. Share this:
Page tree Skip to end of metadata Go to start of metadata The confidence converts the potential (as expected value of the production, P50) to the reference scenario (for example P75). The confidence is calculated from the standardized normal distribution with the p-value and standard deviation. Project Lifetime The technical lifetime of a power plant is indicated in years. The site is producing the entered number of years starting at commissioning. When the commissioning is for example on the 02.01.2013 with a lifetime of 20 year, the site is producing till 31.01.2033. YearsTime series- Entry of the desired reference scenario for the exceeding probability of the production. For Example: "exceeding probability of 75%, P75", that means the production is in 25% of all cases worse than described. PercentConfidence 50% Standard Deviation Standard deviation of long term mean electricity production according to the production assessment, for example "14%". Wind: 15% PV: 5% Safety Reduction (Output) The Safety Reduction is a calculated size. The Production amount gets affected by Standard Deviation and p-Value. With the help of these two values, you can calculate the Safety Reduction between the Reference Scenario (PN) and the P50 Scenario. Safety Reduction = 1 - (Production PN / Production P50) The Confidence affects Production calculation.
Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SRT) United Kingdom South Africa South Korea Saudi Arabia • travellers 2 No. Of Travellers • hospital 0 Day In Hospital • outdie-hospital 20 Day Outside Hospital • travel 20 Total Days In Country SRT is mostly used for the treatment of the following conditions: • Secondary brain tumours • Glioma that may have returned after months or years of treatment Explore Best Hospital for Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SRT) Find out more Before the Treatment The planning that takes places before the actual stereotactic radiotherapy is similar to what happens before a typical radiotherapy session. Your surgeon will have a thorough look at the different scans to identify the exact targeted location and the size and intensity of the beam to be used. Every effort is made to target just the tumour area without affecting the nearby cells. This ensures that you experience minimal side effects due to exposure of normal tissues to radiation. Talk to your specialist about the risks involved with the procedure and the side effects you are likely to experience after afterwards. Try to understand what exactly you can do to minimize them. Additionally, take the following precautions: • Do not eat anything after midnight before the surgery. • Do not wear any jewellery on the day of radiation treatment. • Remove dentures, eyeglasses, and contact lenses before the procedure. • Inform the specialist if you have a pacemaker, stent, or an artificial heart valve. How it is Performed Just before the surgery, the radiographer will fit the head frame or the mask in case it is being used for other parts of the body. This is done to restrict the movement so that the targeted location stays in place. You may receive a local anaesthetic before the placement of mask or head frame. You are placed on the radiotherapy table as soon as the frame is in place. A typical session lasts for just 10 minutes or more, depending on how much radiation is scheduled to be delivered. In the case of stereotactic radiosurgery or Gamma Knife surgery, several tiny beams of radiation are aimed at a tumour precisely. It can also be used for the treatment of specific conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, trigeminal neuralgia, and epilepsy. This lets the specialist focus a single dose of large radiation at a time to eliminate the tumour cells. In the case of stereotactic body radiation therapy, several beams of radiation are targeted at the cancerous tumour from different directions. Most of the patients are able to resume their normal life and work within two or three days of the procedure. The patients are usually discharged on the same day of the procedure. However, a few of them may be required to stay overnight is medically advised or needed. Get treatment cost for Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SRT) & travel Click Here Q: What are the side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy? A: A headache, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, diarrhoea, and soreness in the area treated are some of the side effects of stereotactic radiotherapy. Q: How does stereotactic radiation work? A: SRS works by targeting several small radiation beams precisely to the identified area of the tumor. The beams are targeted in a way that only the tumorous area is destroyed with a minimal to no impact on the surrounding cells. Q: What is stereotactic radiotherapy for lung cancer? A: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer is used in the case of early-stage lung cancer in patients who do not want to undergo a surgery or when surgery is not an option because of the health of the patient. Q: What is the success rate of radiation therapy for prostate cancer? A: Around 95 percent of the patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer and 91 percent patients with high-risk prostate cancer are cured with external-beam radiation therapy. Please Enquire Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SRT)
David Bodian DAVID BODIAN WILL BE REMEMBERED as one of the most innovative neuroscientists of the 20th century. Committed to science, humanity, and education, he never sought recognition or power. His demeanor was marked by gentle modesty and dedication to colleagues and students. David’s kindness and modesty are inspiring in view of his numerous contributions to biomedical science, especially his role in one of the most significant biomedical advances of the past century. Over the course of his career he made discoveries that provided the groundwork for development of the polio vaccine that has nearly eradicated poliomyelitis, one of the most feared diseases in the world. Production of the vaccine was an urgent national priority that depended on the contributions and collaboration
At what age do toddlers sort by color? Development Milestone emerges from age 33 to 40 months. As your toddler is playing with his countless toys, he might start sorting them all by color. You can encourage color sorting by giving him containers to sort every toy by color. Is it normal for a 2 year old to know colors? When should kids count to 10? How many colors should a 3 year old know? Three-year-olds are beginning to learn colors. They can usually point to a color when asked and may be able to name four or more by midyear. Some fun ways to help them nail this skill: Weave color references into everyday conversation. How high should a 2 year old count? IT IS INTERESTING: Why do babies get conjunctivitis? How do you know if your 2 year old is gifted? What should a 2 year old know educationally? Your child should be able to: • Point to things or pictures when they are named. • Know the names of parents, siblings, body parts, and objects. • Say a sentence with two to four words. • Follow simple Instructions. • Repeat words overheard in a conversation. Small miracle
Camera versus binocular optics in Hitchcock’s “Rear Window” The other interesting thing about Hitchcock’s “Rear Window” is the fact that the binocular shots, and the camera shots appear the same. Again we could mark this down to artistic license, but there are inherently some issues which persist from an optical point-of-view. Firstly, what kind of binoculars are they? Little is written in the literature about the brand, so that requires a little investigative work. Jeff with his binoculars in Rear Window The most telling feature of these binoculars is that these are porro prism binoculars. In Porro prism Binoculars the objective or front lens is offset from the eyepiece. This offset is often characterized by a cap, which terminates the transition from ocular to objective lens. The cross-section of half of a binocular. showing the transition from ocular (left) to objective (right) lens. With some manufacturers, the transition seems to be smooth, with streamlined curves. There are a couple of brands that stand out in this respect: Bausch and Lomb (USA), Bushnell (USA), Cadillac (USA, made in Japan). Brands like Zeiss on the other hand, had a capped, “hard” transition. A pair of Zeiss binoculars, showing the hard black “caps” covering the lenses. Beyond this, it is hard to tell what brand they were, because those markings would be on the front of the binoculars. More important are likely the power of magnification (how many times closer you are to the thing you are viewing), and the objective diameter of the lens. After doing some comparative measurements of the binoculars in the movie, with those in a early 1950s Bausch and Lomb catalog, I would guesstimate that these are the 7×50 binoculars, i.e. objective diameter was 50mm, and the power of magnification 7 times. A 400mm lens has a magnification factor of ×8, so binoculars with a power of ×7-8 would make sense (if we ignore the optical differences between binoculars and 35mm film lenses, e.g. cameras have a film plane, binoculars don’t). A comparison of the binoculars in the movie, and the Bausch and Lomb 7×50 binoculars, circa early 1950s – notice the ergonomic flow of the lens parts. The other factor which makes the B&L 7×50 the most likely candidate is that Bausch and Lomb supplied the US armed forces during WW2 (and Jeff was in the US Army Air Force), and this particular model was the Navy model, which had the “highest relative brightness of any binocular”, a so-called true “night glass”. So what are the issues between the 400mm camera lens and the binocular optics, assuming 7×50? • Field-of-View – The FoV of a 400mm lens is just over 5° (horizontal), which at 100′ distance (the width of the courtyard), translates to around 9 feet. The B&L 7×50 binoculars had a linear field of 381′ at 1000 yards, which would be about 12.7′ at 100′. • Full image circle – The camera would truncate the image circle of the lens to a rectangle, and therefore the maximum FoV is only possible along the diagonal of the frame. Binoculars allow you to see the full circle of the FoV and thus the maximum FoV in all directions. A 35mm camera with a 3:2 ratio only displays about 59% of an image circle with the same diameter as the diagonal of the rectangular image sensor. • Stereo Vision – Binoculars allow both eyes to see slightly different angles of the same objects that allow use of depth perception. Other than specialized 3D cameras, most cameras are monocular. Rear Window: The view through the binoculars. So Hitchcock’s use of both binoculars and a 35mm camera with a 400mm lens does take a lot of artistic license, because they are not the same, but portray the same thing on screen. Use of the camera in Hitchcock’s “Rear Window” Last week I watched Rear Window, an Alfred Hitchcock directed thriller from 1954 starring James Stewart and Grace Kelly. The story follows photojournalist, L.B. “Jeff” Jefferies, who breaks his leg while shooting an action shot at a car race (supposedly working for LIFE Magazine). Confined to a wheelchair in his New York apartment, he spends time watching the occupants of neighbouring apartments through his apartments rear window, as they go about their daily lives. He begins to suspect that a man across the courtyard may have murdered his wife. Jeff enlists the help of his high society fashion-consultant girlfriend Lisa Freemont and his visiting nurse Stella to investigate. It’s a great movie from a period when life was likely a little simpler than it is now. For the early part of the movie, Jeff is just looking out the window, bored with being confined to his apartment while his cast covered leg recovers. When he deduces something is amiss across the courtyard, he pulls out his camera, with its telephoto lens to view the scene a little closer. The courtyard was supposedly 98′ wide and 185′ in length. Part of the courtyard. The 35mm film camera used by Jeff is an Exakta VX Ihagee Dresden, with the Exakta logo covered by a piece of black material in the movie. Why choose the Exakta? In the time the film was shot, there were really only three 35mm camera systems with global recognition: Leica, Contax, and Exakta. Hitchcock could have used a Leica with a reflex housing for the telephoto lens (e.g. Visoflex II), but a solution with a one-eyed reflex with a prism viewfinder was more elegant. Why was the brand covered with black tape? To cover up its East German / Communist origins? This may have played a role, but more likely just an avoidance of advertising in film. The Exakta is an interesting choice of camera for the period, made by Ihagee Kamerawerk Steenbergen & Co, Dresden, in former East Germany and was produced between 1951-56. The Exakta is notable as being the first ever Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera for both 127 roll film (1933), and 135 format 35mm film (1936). It’s not surprising that Jeff was using a Exakta, as before Japanese started to dominate the camera market the Exakta dominated the market, capturing perhaps 95% of SLR sales (they did kind of invent the SLR in 1936). The lens being used on the camera is a Kilfitt Fern-Kilar f/5.6 400mm telephoto lens. The Exakta VX There are a number of things that are of interest with the use of the camera. I know this is a movie, and the camera was used as a prop, but here goes. Firstly, as a press photographer, it is unlikely he would have used a 400mm lens. Jeff’s character was supposedly based on war photographer Robert Capa, used a Contax II with a 50mm lens. (Ironically Capa was killed covering the First Indochina War in 1954, which is where Jeff’s editor wanted to send him). A 400mm lens would be more useful for a sports photographer shooting field based sports like football (soccer) or a bird watcher. The lens Jefferies uses to take the photograph on the racetrack is clearly a wide-angle (and frankly taken from a very dangerous viewpoint). Is Jeff pushing the shutter button? Next there is the issue of the view through the lens itself, which it seems is solely for cinematic effect. I know from a cinematography point-of-view, Hitchcock was trying to imply that the view was through a camera, showing a circular view, but camera views are rectangular. Next there is the issue of the “focal length” of the lens, which seems to be quite flexible. There are two scenes (shown below) taken seconds apart in Thorwald’s apartment, and viewed through the Kilfitt Fern-Kilar 400mm lens. One shows a close-up of Lisa’s hand behind her back (showing where she has slipped on the victim’s wedding ring). This would mean that the 400mm lens had the ability to zoom, which was not possible (and likely act like a 800-1200mm lens). There is also the issue of light intensity, which doesn’t seem to change, even though it is nighttime. The wonders of artistic license. Two shots, seconds apart, taken with the 400mm lens. The field-of-view for the 400mm lens is about right for most shots, at 8-9 feet horizontally, and 5-6 feet vertically. At times it looks as though Jeff is taking photos, however the shutter release button is on the photographers left side of the camera, so from this we know he did not take any photographs. In addition, Jeff never actually cocks the shutter, which is a requirement for looking through the viewfinder – the mirror stays up after exposure, so viewfinder is dark, cocking the shutter returns the mirror to normal position (and transports the film to the next exposure). Lars Thorwald, shown through the framed camera shot, and approximates the FOV of the lens quite well. Which leads us to the issue of photographs. why would a photojournalist, who takes photographs for a living, not take any photographs of things happening across the courtyard? If he would have taken some photographs, then he would of at least had pictures of suspicious behaviour to show his friend Det. Lt. Doyle. But not once did we hear Jeffries depress the shutter button (and you would hear it because it is noisy). He may have taken photographs at other times, but not during the setting in the movie. P.S. The lens was manufactured by Heinz Kilfitt Optische Fabrik (1946-64) from Munich (West Germany). Kilfitt was an innovative lens maker, producing the world’s first 35mm macro lens, the Kilfitt 4 cm f/3.5 Makro-Kilar in 1955.
does anyone have any suggestions for wired communications over long distances on the Lunar surface? The maximum length would need to be around 1km. Distributors like Gore and Axon make great lightweight cables, but they are designed for short (<10m) distances. If this is just a pipe dream, I suppose I'll resort to wireless communication, which is no fun. • 1 $\begingroup$ Optical fiber is another option to consider, though the conditions (temperature swing, radiation damage) is a problem. There's also free-space optical links. $\endgroup$ – uhoh May 2 '19 at 3:51 • 1 $\begingroup$ What data rate are you looking for? And how resilient does the cable have to be: will it be moved regularly, or will it be stationary? $\endgroup$ – Hobbes May 2 '19 at 6:17 • 2 $\begingroup$ DSL may be used up to 1km and more. Only two wires are needed like a telephone cable. To save weight aluminium instead of copper may be used. The wire should not be too thin, about 0.4 mm diameter at least for copper. Of course a power source is needed at both ends of the cable. $\endgroup$ – Uwe May 2 '19 at 11:20 • 1 $\begingroup$ @Hobbes Data rates between 500Mbps - 1Gbps. The wires will be stationary. Additionally, I could bury them in a thin cover (~5cm) of lunar soil, which may provide some protection. $\endgroup$ – Spuds May 2 '19 at 19:06 • 1 $\begingroup$ 500kbps - 1Mbps over 1 km seems possible using a twisted wire pair and DSL. For equal bitrates in both directions SDSL. $\endgroup$ – Uwe May 2 '19 at 20:19 A lot more of this has to do with the physical nature of the cable than the signal protocol, in that you get the best cable you can and then adjust your signalling method to move as much data as physics will allow. The classic solution for 1km distances is RS422 though various alternatives exist, including all those intended for two wire telephone use that include things like adaptive speed changes based on noise. You can also consider optic fibre as they may come in lighter than copper and avoid having a 1km long antenna. The bigger questions are about how the cable will be used. Will it be run out by a human in a space suit or from a fixed length drum by robot. Will it be pre terminated on earth for a specific length and purpose or in situ by someone in a suit (only two wires, PLEASE!). Does it need to survive multiple day/night cycles or just long enough to do a single test/experiment. Will it be deployed by being dragged out across the rocks or unrolled from a moving spool. Will it need to be re-used/retermineted in place. Does it need a tight bending radius to fit in the stowage space (most optic fibres do not like being tightly coiled). Once you know some of the answers above and how much weight you have you can work out what sort of protocol will work on the cable you got. Shielding is great but will add a lot of weight, more cores will give you more data but add complication in any connections (two wires=one right one wrong way, 8 gives almost 100 wrong ways) . Light plastic insulation will get more capability in mass allowance but may fall apart under UV and cold. If length matters above all else you can go single conductor and earth return for maximum length for a given weight of copper. If doing this as a basic project a good starting point is 8 core ethernet cable because it a is cheap, well understood with lots of off the shelf hardware. Probably running RS422 with some cores left over for power. If looking deeper (and have deeper pockets) the optic fibre tethers used for under water devices would be the starting point since they are dealing with similar challenges and have some off the shelf hardware/data/research papers/failures to learn from. • 1 $\begingroup$ I doubt that a single conductor and earth return will work with Lunar dry regolith. Without digging a grounding rod very deep into bedrock there will be isolation instead of low resistance ground. Think about grounding within Atacama desert. Ground resistance on Earth may vary between 2 and up to 8000 Ωm. $\endgroup$ – Uwe May 2 '19 at 14:55 • $\begingroup$ I still worry about radiation damage to the optical fiber. Whether polymer or glass, it doesn't have to darken much for a 1 km thickness of the stuff to become uselessly attenuating. And so I've just asked How well would optical fiber work on the Moon or Mars? $\endgroup$ – uhoh May 3 '19 at 0:33 • $\begingroup$ @uwe, agree with earth(moon?) return being the wrong solution for the moon (and possibly everywhere else) but it does have the singular virtue of needing just one conductor so has a place on the list. Would not personally want anything to do with a plan trying to make it work though. . $\endgroup$ May 3 '19 at 5:56 • $\begingroup$ RS422 over 1 km is limited to about 100 kBit/s but the questioneer needs 500kbps - 1Mbps. Repeaters at every 100 m would be required. $\endgroup$ – Uwe May 3 '19 at 9:06 • $\begingroup$ @Uwe, hmm data rate was not there when I started the answer. Still do-able but would require the entire chain to be tuned/tested as a complete system and starts to look more like a custom Ethernet implementation than RS422. $\endgroup$ May 3 '19 at 11:19 Your Answer
Orientation by hours, sun and stars, determination of geographical longitude and latitude, determination of local time without hours in the field. Wherever a person finds himself as a result of an emergency, on land or in the ocean, in the jungle or in the desert, whether he decided to stay still or go on a trip, he must first orient himself, orient himself and determine his location. Orientation by clock, sun and stars, determination of geographical longitude and latitude field conditions. For the time being, orientation and determination of the cardinal points is not difficult, but in its absence one can resort to the help of the sun, stars, plants, etc. The direction to the north in the northern hemisphere is determined by turning the back to the sun at noon. The shadow cast back by the body, like an arrow, will point north. Depending on the sign in front of the amendment, it is either subtracted or added. If the clock is set according to Eastern Standard Time, then it must first be converted to Greenwich, adding five hours. Then, adding (or subtracting) the correction, the result is converted into degrees. An example of determining geographic longitude in the field. On March 12, local noon came when the clock showed 14 hours 02 minutes, which in GMT, taking into account the belt correction (5 hours) and the correction of the equation of time (-10 minutes), will correspond to 18 hours 52 minutes (14 hours 02 minutes + 5 hours-10 minutes). The desired difference (18 hours 52 minutes – 12 hours) is 6 hours 52 minutes, which when converted to degrees corresponds to 103 degrees longitude, and longitude west, since local noon came later than Greenwich. This method allows you to determine the longitude of the place with an accuracy of 2 3 degrees. Determination of geographical latitude in the field. The geographical latitude of the place (between 60 ° north latitude and 60 ° south latitude) is calculated with an accuracy of half a degree (50 km) by the length of the day, i.e. time from the appearance of the solar disk over the horizon line until its complete disappearance. This method is especially convenient for determining latitude in the ocean in calm, calm weather. Only twice a year, from March 11 to 31 and from September 13 to October 2, when the day is approximately equal at all latitudes, this method is unsuitable. Having determined the length of the day (the accuracy of the clock does not matter) using the nomogram (see figure), it is easy to establish the breadth of your location. To determine the northern latitudes it is necessary. Measure the longitude of the day from the moment the top of the solar disk appears above the ocean horizon at sunrise until it disappears completely beyond the horizon at sunset. Find the digit of the obtained longitude of the day on the left scale and connect it with the corresponding date on the right scale using a ruler or a stretched thread. At the intersection of the ruler or thread with the horizontal latitude scale is the desired latitude. An example of determining geographic latitude in the field. On August 20, the measured longitude of the day is 13 hours 54 minutes. Latitude by nomogram 45 ° 30&# 8242 ;. To determine the southern latitudes, you should: add 6 months to the corresponding date and determine the latitude using the new date, as described above. May 11, the measured longitude of the day is 10 hours. 04 min Having added 6 months, we get November 11, the latitude according to the nomogram 41 ° 30&# 8242; Yu. w. When used, the nomogram should present a completely flat surface. Local time based on compass and stars. If the watch breaks or is lost, the local time is recognized with relative accuracy by the compass, measuring the azimuth in the sun. Dividing it then by 15 (the value of the rotation of the sun in one hour) and adding to the private unit, we get a number that will indicate local time at the time of counting. for example. The azimuth of the sun of 180 degrees will correspond to 13 hours local time (180: 15 + 1 = 13). At night, you can use the stellar clock to determine. The dial for them is the sky with the North Star in the center, and with the arrow an imaginary line drawn to it through two stars of the Big Dipper bucket (see figure). If the sky is mentally divided into 12 equal parts, then each of them will correspond to a conditional hour. To determine the time, the ordinal number of the month with tenths is added to the conditional hour (every three days they equal 0.1). The resulting amount is doubled, and then subtracted from a constant number of 55.3. In the case where the difference exceeds the number 24, it must also be taken away. The result of the calculation is local time.. for example. On August 12, the hand showed 6 hours. Since August is the eighth month, and 12 days are 0.4, then 6 + 8.4 = 14.4; 14.4 x 2 = 28.8; 55.3 -28.8 = 26.5; 26.5 24 = 2.5. Thus, the local time is 2 hours 30 minutes at night. Based on materials from the book Man in extreme environmental conditions. V.G. Volovich. Like this post? Please share to your friends: Leave a Reply SQL - 56 \| 0.952 сек. \| 10.42 МБ
New software aims to make science more replicable New software aims to make science more replicable CMU Professor John Kitchin created SCIMAX: a software specifically designed for the purpose of writing scientific reports. Credit: Carnegie Mellon University Every field in science and engineering employs highly specialized equipment: surface area analyzers, nanosizers, recording membrane osmometers. This equipment is often incredibly specific, designed for just a single function, but it's essential for performing accurate, replicable research. And without the ability to replicate the research of other scientists, the validity of science itself falls apart. "Most people write their papers in Word, which is not a good scientific publishing environment," said John Kitchin, professor of Chemical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. "For example, Word has no way to log your data as you go or record exactly how it was analyzed. It isn't practical to see where the data in a figure came from. So when researchers are making their supporting information file—which contains much of the data and analysis that explains just how the study was done—they're forced to reconstruct what they think they did from memory." SCIMAX is an , fully integrated program that combines the function of Word—namely, the narrative portion of the report—with everything else that one might need when writing a . The data, the code, the bibliography—there's a place in the program for everything, already perfectly formatted and ready for input. And this is key, because doing these things in other programs often leads to serious problems. "I saw a paper where the author had copied their MATLAB code into Word," Kitchin said. "Even that is better than what many people do. But because they copied it and didn't run it from Word, they forgot to copy two of the files that you need to actually run it. So suddenly, the code in the paper—the same code they claim is what helped them run their study—flat out doesn't work." It may sound like semantics—whether you use one program or another to write your reports—but according to Kitchin it has widespread implications for the integrity of science. "So when I write a paper, I can tell you in the paper that I did something, and I can tell you that it worked," Kitchin said. "But without the accurate dataset, and in many cases the actual used to analyze it, there's no way for you to take the and replicate my work. And that's a fundamental failing on our part." According to Kitchin, this is the true goal of SCIMAX—not just to make report writing easier, but to increase the level of integrity in scientific research by increasing replicability. The more research teams that adopt the software, the more accurate their reports will be and the more others can build on and reuse our scientific research to solve the major problems that affect our world. Explore further Citation: New software aims to make science more replicable (2019, December 3) retrieved 22 October 2021 from https://techxplore.com/news/2019-12-software-aims-science-replicable.html Feedback to editors
New Ceramics! Gum Pockets: Causes and Cures dental hygienist probes gum pockets assessing healthy or diseased gums Taking care of your teeth is important for your overall well-being. Many common dental problems can be prevented by brushing and flossing every day, as well as annual visits to the dentist. One of the most crucial parts of dental hygiene is gum care. The importance of healthy gums cannot be understated when discussing oral hygiene. When you stop caring about your oral hygiene, bacteria can fester and build within your gums. This can lead to serious problems like gum pockets. What are Gum Pockets? Gum pockets are spaces between the gums and the teeth. Healthy gums fit snugly around the teeth without any gaps. Pockets occur when the supporting tissue and bone structure in your mouth are destroyed by periodontal disease. The gums will begin to pull away from the teeth, leaving space that’s difficult to clean. Without regular cleaning, these areas become infected. What Causes Gum Pockets? A few main factors contribute to getting periodontal pockets. When you don’t take care of your teeth and gums, plaque and tartar build-up and cause gum disease. Poor oral hygiene allows the bacteria to sit in your mouth and cause infection. The infection then releases toxins which cause the immune system to respond and inflammation to occur. Once the bacteria get into the pockets, it continues to dig deeper until it penetrates into the gums and deep within the jawbone. This worsens periodontal disease and can even result in tooth loss. Other Risk Factors Gum pockets make periodontal disease worse because they allow bacteria in. Other than poor dental hygiene, some other factors may cause gum pockets: • Old Age– According to the CDC, about 68% of elderly people (those aged 65 or older) currently experience some form of gum disease. 2 Older people may have increased risk depending on access to dental insurance, socioeconomic status, and any other ailments or disabilities. • Tobacco use– Smoking has adverse effects across the entire body. One of which is weakening the immune system, putting you at a higher risk for gum pockets. According to the CDC, Tobacco users have twice the riskof gum disease compared to non-smokers.3 • Crooked teeth– Crooked teeth can be challenging to clean, causing bacteria to grow and inflammation. If your teeth are positioned in a way that makes them hard to clean, make sure that you have an effective tooth flosser to prevent bacteria from growing. • Genetics– Some gum disease is inherited. If you have a family history of periodontal disease, especially aggressive periodontitis, you are at a higher risk for gum problems. Healthy gum tissue is firm and pink. The earliest warning signs of periodontal disease and gum pockets are: • Red and inflamed gums • Bleeding that happens easily, even when brushing and flossing • Dental pain, especially between the teeth • Bad taste in the mouth • Receding Gums • Loose teeth Many people assume that their dental hygienist causes bleeding in the mouth from abrasive cleaning techniques, but this is a sign of gum inflammation. When the dentist removes infection-causing bacteria, it is like removing something lodged in your skin. The bleeding is actually a good sign because it means the foreign object was removed. How to Reduce Gum Pockets Naturally As gum pockets grow in size, the bacteria go deeper into the gums, which can create severe dental problems. The bacteria can cause an infection deep below the gum line; in which case it must be treated by a dental professional. Here are a few steps to take if you want to know how to reduce gum pockets naturally: How to Clean Gum Pockets at Home The best preventative measure that you can take when it comes to gum disease is brushing and flossing regularly. Consider your daily routine. If you are one of the many people who don’t include flossing in their morning and evening rituals, prevent serious dental problems by finding a flossing tool that you will use. One alternative option is a water flosser. They often do a better job than traditional string flossers because they clean a higher surface area. One downside of a water flosser is that they get messy and take up counter space, so in-shower water flossers like the ToothShower can be a great alternative. The ToothShower is a convenient option because it hooks onto the shower wall and runs on the same water. Periodontal Pick Water Flossing Tool Video Professional Cleaning It is also critical to get a thorough cleaning at least once per year. Your dental hygienist will remove layers of plaque and tartar that haven’t been taken care of by your oral hygiene routine. Also, they will be able to diagnose if there is an infection that indicates periodontal disease. If you suffer from gum pockets that cannot be treated by good oral hygiene and professional cleaning, your dentist may prescribe medication like antibiotic gel. An antibiotic gel prescribed for pockets contains doxycycline. This helps to shrink gum pockets and control the growth of bacteria. These are typically placed directly in the gum pockets after a scaling and planing procedure. Preventing Gum Pockets Knowing both what are gum pockets and what causes gum pockets is the first step of prevention. Remember that gum pockets are a sign of worsening gum health, and it’s best to treat any issues as early as possible. This can be done with a combination of consistent oral hygiene and a regular checkup once per year. shop for tooth shower The post Gum Pockets: Causes and Cures appeared first on ToothShower.
Home » What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and How Can You Go About Dealing With It? SAD is a seasonal affective disorder by which most are affected in the winter months. It comes when the amount of sun exposure and daylight hours become lessened which affects the levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is what is responsible for driving our mood and helps to generate positive energy. For 10% of SAD sufferers, it can also present itself in summer. Occurring more commonly in places where there are adverse weather conditions and summer temperatures take a dramatic surge. Topping the list are countries such as Australia, India, and the USA. How SAD might come about Reverse’ SAD can typically be caused by too much sun which causes the melatonin levels in our body to come to a halt. Melatonin is what’s responsible for regulating our sleep-wake cycle. When this is out of kilter can leads to difficulty switching off and falling asleep at night. We are all becoming more attune to the importance of sleep to enable our bodies to function sufficiently. So understandably prolonged restless nights can become debilitating to our mental health if not dealt with properly. Summer is usually associated with great weather, more time spent outdoors, and going on holiday. As such someone dealing with SAD will likely struggle to accept and feel validated in their feelings. On the surface, there appears to be so much to look forward to. But this is not reflected in their internal state. There is a lot of pressure we put on ourselves and feel externally to look and feel a certain way. Being sure to make the most of the season with constant trips and plans to fill up the social calendar. It’s no wonder people start to retreat into themselves and feel overwhelmed by all that is going on around them. Kelly Rohan, a professor at the University of Vermont sited that “individuals with SAD seem to have higher sensory processing sensitivity, which makes them more vulnerable to environmental factors”. Studies have also found that women and those that have experienced previous mental health issues are most likely to suffer. Dealing with SAD If you think you could be dealing with symptoms of SAD it’s worth taking some time to reflect on your feelings and how they could be relative to any environmental factors around you. Doing some research of your own could also be beneficial. There is increasing information and studies out there about the disorder. There is a quiz you can take which helps distinguish between dealing with SAD and non-seasonal depression. This could also help make things clearer and put things into perspective for you. You can find it here With any mental health issue, the most important step comes in realising there is something wrong and taking action in some form. Here are some of the ways you can go about relieving symptoms and getting help. Getting help Prioritise sleep & adopting a healthy lifestyle: There is lots of evidence to back up the power of consistent sleep and being mindful of what you put into your body, can do for your mental health Try taking cool showers and keeping your home well ventilated Having a cool body temperature may help reduce feelings of agitation and make it easier to drift off to sleep Install blackout curtains/blinds in your bedroom Lighter evenings can create a barrier to having a regular sleep routine. So having your room as dark as possible will help encourage your body and mind to be ready for sleep Take time for yourself Have some time in the day to wind down particularly in early mornings/later in the day when temperatures are cooler Reflect on your schedule If you are finding your number of commitments to prompt unwanted feelings consider revising what is most important to you. May it be that you take more staycations and time for self-care If you suspect yourself or anyone around you to be suffering from SAD you should always seek professional help. Your doctor will be able to provide you with the necessary support and guidance tailored to your needs. Leave a Reply Back to top %d bloggers like this:
July 12, 2019 What your BMI fails to capture—and 3 easy-to-use metrics that might be better Daily Briefing Editor's note: This popular story from the Daily Briefing's archives was republished on July 26, 2021. Body mass index (BMI) is often used as a catch-all marker of a person's overall health—but several other simple measurements might offer a better glimpse into fitness and mortality risk, James Hamblin writes for The Atlantic. Why BMI is a flawed metric of health BMI is quick and easy to calculate: It's simply defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared. People with a BMI of between 25 and 30 are typically classified as "overweight," and those with a BMI above 30 are typically considered "obese." But while evidence shows a clear correlation between extremely high BMIs and higher mortality, the picture is fuzzier at lower levels of BMI. Hamblin cites a 2013 JAMA study that found individuals with stage 1 obesity—that is, whose BMI was at least 30 but under 35—had no elevated mortality risk relative to normal-weight individuals, while individuals who were classified as "overweight" experienced "significantly lower all-cause mortality." And that's not the only limitation with using BMI as a catch-all health metric. For example, based on his BMI alone, body builder Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is classified as obese, Hamblin notes. Further, the metric ignores the health problems faced by people who have normal BMI despite having "excessive body fat." In fact, there's a stronger correlation between overall health and body-fat percentage and distribution than there is with overall weight, Hamblin writes—but getting an accurate measurement of someone's muscle-to-fat ratio is much harder than simply measuring their height and weight. 3 metrics that might be better than BMI Still, there are several other easy-to-capture metrics that can be used to gauge fitness—and according to Hamblin, while they're all flawed in their own ways, they might nonetheless be a better predictor of overall health than BMI. 1. How fast someone walks Walking speed has been shown in research to be predictive of an individual's health status, Hamblin writes. In a study published in JAMA, researchers looked at almost 35,000 people ages 65 and older and found that those who maintained a walking speed of about 2.6 feet per second over a short distance—equivalent to a 33-minute mile—were likely to hit their average life expectancy. Further, with every increase in speed of roughly four inches per second, the risk of dying in the next decade dropped by about 12%. 2. Grip strength Several studies have found grip strength to be predictive of a person's health, Hamblin writes. In a 2018 study published in The BMJ, researchers looked at about 500,000 middle-aged people and found that the strength of a person's grip could predict risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and all-cause mortality fairly well. Another study, published in 2016 in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, found that grip strength among people in their 80s was predictive of how likely they were to live past 100. And in a 2012 BMJ study, researchers found that grip strength among 18-year-olds in the Swedish military was relatively predictive of cardiovascular death 25 years later. 3. Your ability to do a push-up Other research has found that a person's ability to do push-ups can be predictive of heart disease, Hamblin writes. Stefanos Kales, a professor at Harvard Medical School, noticed that the leading cause of death among firefighters on duty was sudden cardiac death, rather than smoke inhalation, burns, or trauma. These findings inspired his lab to look at the firefighters' push-up ability. They found that push-ups were a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than a submaximal treadmill test. "The results show a strong association between push-up capacity and decreased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease," Kales said. What to make of these metrics While there's "nothing magic about grip strength or walking speed" or push-ups, "these abilities tend to tell us a lot," Hamblin writes. "Essentially, these quick metrics serve as surrogates that correlate with all kinds of factors that determine a person's overall health—which can otherwise be totally impractical, invasive, and expensive to measure directly," he writes (Hamblin, The Atlantic, 6/27; Männistö et al., British Journal of Nutrition, March 2014). Have a Question?
Lecture 08: History of Manuscript Transmission \| Free Online Biblical Library Lecture 08: History of Manuscript Transmission Course: Textual Criticism Lecture: History of Manuscript Transmission A. Brief History of the Transmission of the Text 1. Three Fundamental Issues There is the history of the transmission of the text and then the history of the discipline of textual criticism. There are three fundament issues with the early copies of manuscripts and the causes of corruption. The second is the role of the canon in shaping the New Testament. Many think that as soon as the apostles wrote their books, they knew that they were writing Scripture, but the evidence is against that. What we have in the 2nd century in the apostle father’s writing; these were the earliest writing we have outside of the New Testament by Christians. They were very slow to say that the New Testament was Scripture or was inspired. It took some time before that admission came about. We had an emerging canon consciousness beginning in the 2nd century which continued through to the 4th century when finally the church fathers acknowledged the New Testament. Eusebius does that earlier on in about 325 AD and then Augustine and Gerome in the west do it later. So, you have this canon consciousness and what that does for the New Testament; if you viewing a book not as Scripture, you might feel the freedom to change some text and the book in the New Testament that underwent the most changes was because of that, predictably was the Book of Acts. It was a book that dealt with the history of the early church when a number of people were still alive. It takes the history of the Gospels and then it goes another thirty years or so. And so we have one form of the text that actually adds almost ten percent more material to the Book of Acts, some of which may well be from personal reminiscences of people. Then, once it began to be recognized as Scripture, that had a particular affect as well on the shape of the text and more errors of a different sort were created precisely because of that. There was the emergence of local text forms. As the church grew, it got into major areas where larger churches began to govern the region in regards to policy and doctrine. So they began to have a kind of local text form as such; you could call it a regional original. B. Early Copies and the Causes of Corruption 1. All manuscripts were handwritten Therefore, all scribes made mistakes. One of the most interesting evidences for this; you may have heard of the Saint John’s Bible which was produced in Collegeville, Minnesota by the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library. The Saint John’s Bible is a revised standard version that has taken many years to produce. It is a handwritten copy of the printed text on white vellum of which they commissioned various artists to do some of the artwork. They had these icons, like stain class windows in this manuscript. They were writing out the NRSV; there were highly trained calligraphers who were doing the work. I went through some of the leaves of the master document which was photographed. It is a fascinating Bible. But in going through some of the leaves, I noticed in one place they had left out a verse. We are talking about a text that has cost over a million dollars to produce. You might think that they would take that bifolio, the double leaf, and throw it away and start again. No, they drew an arrow into margin and wrote out what the verse said. And when it came to ancient manuscripts, the same kinds of things were done. So they didn’t fix the mistakes by starting over. When you write a manuscript, you will make mistakes. 2. Mistakes are of Two Kinds There are unintentional and intentional mistakes. Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether a scribe is intending to change the text or not. No scribe thinks that he or she wants to make a mistake in their writing. And then the earlier scribes were not professionally trained. 3. What kind of Unintentional Mistakes did the earliest Scribes make Until the Greek New Testament was produced on a printing press in 1514, all copies of the Bible were done by hand. The first published Greek New Testament was made by Erasmus in 1516 but the first printed Greek New Testament was done in Spain by a Spanish cardinal, Ximines. He printed a polyglot Bible consisting of the Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin texts. It is one of those great curiosities; a fascinating piece of history which was printed first at a monastery and the monastery was trying to get the Papal Informatory on it and waited for eight years before they got a high official in Rome to agree to it. They made eight hundred copies but it was produced before Erasmus text was. Erasmus was actually in a race against these people. There is never a clean-cut story of some of the history behind these printings. Even after the date of the printing press, we had scores of New Testaments that were handwritten which weren’t based on the printed text. Unintentional mistakes were due to problems of sight, hearing, memory, fatigue or carelessness. If you take notes through these lectures, you know what all that means. Interestingly, the majority of New Testament scholars have talked about the error in not hearing properly. These scribes would copy out text by listening to a lecturer read them out loud and so you might have a dozen students that were writing the text out. Actually, we have next to no evidence at all that manuscripts had been copied in that way. We have one icon in Arminian showing a lecturer reading a text out loud to a couple of students. But this wasn’t the typical way, as the vast majority of New Testament manuscripts were copied with one scribe reading directly what was in front of him. And so hearing was only a problem with their own ears because they never read these texts silently. They read them out loud. So you got a scribe reading a text in front of them; he will see it, he will read it, he will hear it and then he will write it from memory. It was a five-step process and there could have been mistakes made at any stage. Sight was especially a big issue. What scribes would do, there is an issue in seeing the end of the line and it is identical to what they see in another line; so what they may have ended up doing was skipping ahead down a copy of lines or they would go higher up reproducing those verses again. There is a passage in Codex Sinaiticus in 1st Thessalonians chapter 2 where the scribe saw the end of the line, he missed where he was in the text, went up eight lines and started to write the verses out again and then he realized what he had done. Then he decided to change the text by writing in the second time. It is a fascinating passage and almost never discussed in literature. Sometimes their memory was bad; even when they read the text out loud to themselves. We know some scribes would write one letter at a time; obviously memory would not be a big problem for those who did this. The Scribe of Codex P75 was done this way; perhaps he wrote out two letters at a time. The only kinds of errors that were made were all unintentional by the transposition of two letters, never three or four letters. Then Codex D, Codex Bazae a famous manuscript at Cambridge University, the scribe copied as much as nine words at a time; so we have here those who write one and two-letter verses writing nine words at a time. There was also the problem of fatigue with scribes. In collating these manuscripts, I have been able to even see where the scribe stopped work for the day, having made nonsense errors and then they go away and when he started afresh the next day. We know that the scribes during the Middle Ages wrote as much as six hours a day. So you have carelessness, if they are not attentive to what they were doing. We have also commented that the earlier scribes were not professionally trained so what kind of mistakes did they make? Some have suggested that these earlier scribes were the worst scribes ever because they were not professionals and in addition their mistakes were difficult to trace. Well, all three of the suppositions are demonstratively false. Some of the earliest manuscripts were actually done very carefully, even though they were done by non-professional scribes. Some of the earliest manuscripts were also done by professionals, so to say that all the earlier scribes were not professionals isn’t exactly true as well. You might have had a scribe whose handwriting wasn’t particularly neat but he was extremely faithful to the text he was copying. A good illustration of this is the difference between P66 and P75, two of our early papyri manuscripts. P66 was done by a scribe who was totally consumed with writing pretty letters. He was a good calligrapher but then the P75 manuscript looked like chicken scratches, yet it was a very faithful text. The P66 scribe was more concerned with getting the text to look beautiful than getting the text right. He would drop an article or add a pronoun and this kind of thing. But the kind of mistakes that were made were typical unintentional; these were the easiest types to discover. They made unintentional errors which made it easy to see and correct. The early scribes were often bureaucrats, bean counters or CPAs and not very creative as such but they were faithful in what they were doing. A literary scribe knew how to write in what was called the notional linearity of the text; they would envision the top and the bottom line which were not written in ink, it was a conceptual way in which they viewed this, keeping all the letters except for about four of them completely within the top and bottom lines. They would make the letters uniform size; this was difficult with no lines on the page and then on papyrus there were papyrus reed lines going in every direction. So these scribes were really good. But they would sometimes be so focused on these things; they may have not been as faithful to the text. What we have frequently in our New Testament manuscripts, precisely because we can read them and compare them to others are manuscripts that were written by non-professionals, by those who were not professionally trained to be literary scribes and yet they were faithful to the text. We can tell that by how they copied out the texts and the kinds of mistakes they made. Bart Ehrman has promoted his book by saying that the earliest scribes were not professionally trained, but my response to him; are you saying because they were professionally trained, they made more mistakes than later scribes? What kind of mistakes did they make? He will not discuss this question with me. 4. Intentional Mistakes Then there were intentional mistakes which weren’t done maliciously on part of the scribe, except perhaps on a very rare occasion. We know that unorthodox and orthodox scribes both copied out the New Testament, but that doesn’t’ mean that they were changing the text all over the place to conform to their theology. There is a degree of that but only a small degree and we can detect it for the most part, at least ninety-nine percent of the time. This doesn’t mean that the scribes just decided to change a text as such either. The strongest evidence we have for a group of manuscripts being changed were those of the Book of Revelation where Revelation was used as almost a rabbit’s foot in mystery religions. So you had these people who were not Christians but yet who did some very faithful copies of Revelation. Every scribe was aware that they were copying an authoritative text, whether they saw it as Scripture, this perhaps took some time to understand and realize. But in later centuries they did realize that they were copying an inspired text. And yet every scribe also knew the manuscript he was copying had flaws in it; and so they would try to correct those flaws, sometimes the things they corrected were not flaws. One of the most common purposeful corrections was the harmonization of the Gospels. A scribe that just copied something out of Matthew and now working on Mark and was dealing with a parallel passage; we know that Mark says things differently from what Matthew does and so what does the scribe do? Well, they think that a previous scribe got it wrong and so they change it to what Matthew has said. Matthew’s Gospel was the most popular Christian book in the ancient world and the Gospels tended to be conformed to Matthew. So this harmonization of the Gospels was everywhere, but yet all of the manuscripts harmonized for any substantial text were harmonized by these individual scribes. Sometimes, they would read a marginal note in the manuscripts and assume that it should have been included in the text. It may have been a marginal note by a pastor who was just commenting on the passage. Most of the time, if you are going to have a marginal note with an arrow showing you where the verse went, but sometimes they would forget the arrow. So now, the scribe had to guess what the marginal note was or was it something that they were supposed to enter into the text. There was a kind of scribal mantra: if in doubt, put it in, don’t leave it out. Another way in which they would change the text was when the New Testament author quoted from the Old Testament. Does it conform to the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament? And these scribes may have been copying out an entire Bible or they may have copied out the Septuagint several times before and they might know that Old Testament text. They see the quotation of the Old Testament by a New Testament writer and think that it doesn’t form to the Septuagint so they may have thought the previous scribe made a mistake. Even if we give these scribes the highest possible bibliology; if they believed that the Bible was inerrant, they still recognized that the manuscript that they were copying from was not inerrant, it was a copy made by an inerrant scribe who introduced errors. And when they were trying to sift through what those errors were, was it something that the scribe did or was it something that was originally in the text. They often made mistakes by putting in the wrong readings. But fortunately we have been able to find all of those as they were fairly easy to detect. There was an emerging canon consciousness in the 2nd century where they felt the freedom to add, subtract or change before the canon settled. This was to fix the style, especially to add explanatory terms. This was one of the key things that scribes did in deciding to add words for phrases so that the readers were able to understand the text. New Testament books were supplemented with personal reminiscences and hearsay, for example in the Book of Acts as already mentioned. And what we call the western texts were more uncontrolled as it was sometimes also a missionary text. Virtually every manuscript we have of the western texts is either not in Greek or if it is in Greek, it is a two-language text. This suggests that it is a missionary text, expanding Christianity beyond the realm of the Greek-speaking world. So it has a number of changes. It is like the dynamic equivalent that you would have to use if you go into a different culture and then learn a way to talk to somebody who lives in the desert about snow, for example. To under that Jesus would wash our sins whiter than snow. You would have to use something that would relate to what this means. So the early period showed two distinct kinds of copying: controlled and uncontrolled. The western was largely uncontrolled, but it was demonstratively earlier. The Alexandrian was carefully controlled and had roots deep in the 2nd century. We will talk about these text forms later. But this shows us that the age of a manuscript is not the only criterion of its value. We will clarify all the information in later lectures. Biblical Training
can you feed hermit crabs fruit? What Fruits Can Hermit Crabs Eat? If you keep hermit crabs, you will spend a lot of time in your local supermarket’s fresh fruit aisle. Fruit offers nutrition, as well appealing to the palate of most hermit crabs. All fruit is safe for hermit crabs, but most will reject citrus fruit due to the strong scent. You must also ensure that any fruit you serve is not rotten, and contains no chlorine, pesticide, or herbicide. Coconut, pumpkin, bananas, and berries, in particular, are firm favorites of many hermit crabs. Do not go too far with feeding fruit to hermit crabs. Like all animals, they still need a variety of food groups and a diverse diet. However, an array of different fruits will provide a sound basis for your meal plans. Can You Feed Hermit Crabs Fruit? Fruit makes a good addition to the diet of hermit crabs. As they have a sweet tooth, they’ll rarely need encouragement to eat. Many fruits are also packed with nutrition that boosts the health of your pet hermit crabs. That does not mean that feeding fruit is a free-for-all, though. There are a couple of rules that must be followed when offering fruit to crustaceans. If you stick to these, your pets will enjoy any fruit-based snack that you offer. Always shop organic. This makes it unlikely that the fruit will have been treated with pesticides, herbicides, or anything else untoward. Hermit crabs are delicate, and exposure to such chemicals can be fatal. Also, the fruit must be fresh and ripe. If it’s on the turn, that is fine. Hermit crabs will happily eat grapes that are a little too wrinkled to appeal to humans, for example. Do not treat your pets as garbage disposals, though. If the fruit is rotten, do not feed it to hermit crabs. Serving Fruit to Hermit Crabs As discussed, hermit crabs must not be offered rotten fruit. Follow a simple guideline before choosing if a piece of fruit is a safer hermit crab snack. Ask yourself if the fruit would make you unwell. Other guidelines must also be followed when offering fruit to your pets, such as: • When washing fruit, never use tap water. This leaves traces of chlorine on the fruit, which is toxic to hermit crabs. Use purified, distilled, or bottled water • Unless instructed, do not remove the skin from the fruit. This often contains most of the vitamins • Chop fruit into claw-sized chunks. Hermit crabs have small mouths and appreciate appropriately-sized food morsels • Remove any cores and pips from fruit to minimize the risk of choking hazards, or worse if the seeds contain cyanide • As soon as your hermit crabs finish eating fruit, remove it from a habitat. Do not let fruit rot and become a bacterial hazard Ensure that keep saltwater in an enclosure so your pets can scent the fruit. As explained by BMC Neuroscience, hermit crabs pick up on smells in the air. This sense relies upon the presence of saline water vapor in the atmosphere. what fruits are good for hermit crabs? How Often Should Hermit Crabs Eat Fruit? As explained by Animal Behavior, hermit crabs avoid foods they have recently eaten. This is due to the wild scavenging instincts of these animals. On a beachfront, hermit crabs eat anything they find. Hermit crabs in captivity expect the same level of dietary diversity. By offering fruit occasionally, you will mimic the natural lifestyle of your pets. This helps them adapt to life in an aquarium. Avoid feeding the same fruit more than twice per week. What Kinds of Fruits Can Hermit Crabs Eat? There are several ways that fruit can be offered to hermit crabs. There is not necessarily any superior way. As long as you follow the rules detailed above, your hermit crabs will be fine. Can Hermit Crabs Eat Fresh Fruit? Hermit crabs may be a little less fussy about a slightly green banana than humans. Ripe fruit will offer the strongest scent. This will be what attracts your crabs and encourages them to eat. Do not stock up on too much at once, leaving it to age and lose flavor. Can Hermit Crabs Eat Dried Fruit? Dried fruit, whether you’re considering pre-packaged foods like dates or dehydrated slices of fresh fruit, makes a great hermit crab treat. These fruits should be served more sparingly as they are higher in sugar. Weight gain through sugar is not a concern for hermit crabs. However, your pets can grow hyperactive if they consume too much sugar. Check the ingredients of pre-packaged dry food for artificial additives. The addictive qualities of sugar should also be considered. As per the Journal of Chemical Ecology, sugar is a volatile odor that garners an immediate reaction. If your hermit crabs grow to expect sugar-laden treats, they may reject healthier food options. Can Hermit Crabs Eat Freeze-Dried Fruit? Frozen fruit is a great way of stocking up on snacks and treats for your hermit crabs without worrying about use-by dates. Provided the fruit has not been stored alongside anything unsafe, such as onions, it’s fine for hermit crabs. You can either leave the fruit to thaw or serve it as it comes. The former may attract more initial interest. The scent of frozen fruit will not be as strong as when it is at room temperature. Remember that hermit crab aquariums run at a high temperature, so anything frozen will not remain that way for long. Your pets will soon acknowledge and approach the fruit. Can Hermit Crabs Eat Citrus Fruit? A longstanding myth claims that citrus fruit is toxic to hermit crabs. Citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, and oranges are fine for your pets. It is the trees they grow on that are dangerous. Many forms of citrus trees contain naturally occurring insecticides in their bark, leaves, and twigs. This is what is toxic. If there is no trace of this bark, the fruit itself will not cause any harm. It will even be high in Vitamin C and contain some level of calcium. These foods have a strong, acerbic scent and an undeniably acidic, bitter taste. Neither of these appeals to the senses of hermit crabs. This is why, although not outright dangerous, we do not recommend citrus fruits. What is a Hermit Crab’s Favorite Fruit? There is no such thing as a standout favorite fruit of all hermit crabs. Coconut is often irresistible, but different hermit crabs will show varying levels of excitement for a range of reasons. All hermit crabs have their own personalities. Each hermit crab in a colony could have different taste preferences. However, hermit crabs are herd animals. If one of your pets starts to eat, the rest will usually follow. You cannot go wrong with fruits that have a sweet taste and strong scent. These will pique the curiosity of hermit crabs, at the very least. If your pets do not start to eat at once, consider why they may have lost their appetite. What Fruits are Good for Hermit Crabs? Let’s look at the many and varied kinds of fruit that are safe to include in the diet of your hermit crabs. Here, we have concentrated on foods that both safe and palatable. Apples have variable tastes and scents. This means that not all apples will appeal to hermit crabs. Find a type that your pets enjoy, and they’ll benefit from plenty of antioxidants. Avoid red delicious applies in favor of jazz or fuji apples. Always cut them open and remove the core. Apple pips contain cyanide. While avocados do not contain as much protein or calcium as other fruits, they’re still great for hermit crabs. These fruits offer high levels of fiber, folates, and vitamins C and K. Avocado helps the body of a hermit crab absorb beta-carotene. This is a vital antioxidant for your pets. More importantly, hermit crabs find avocado flesh tasty and appealing. Avocados differ from many fruits in that they must be skinned. Never leave the skin or leaves on this fruit, and you certainly need to remove the large core seed. Scoop out and chop up the flesh. If your hermit crabs will accept banana in their diet, serve this fruit wherever possible. Bananas are a hermit crab superfood, packed with calcium, beta-carotene, protein, and antioxidants. Fresh banana is best served mashed in a dish. Hermit crabs are tiny and thus have small stomachs. Even a colony of hermit crabs will struggle to devour a whole banana. The heat of the habitat will quickly set the ball rolling on rotting, making old bananas a bacterial hazard. You could also freeze-dry your bananas and serve them as chips. This is arguably the best outcome for all parties. You will not be left struggling to use up all your bananas before they go off, and hermit crabs still enjoy the health benefits and great taste of the fruit. We could wax lyrical about the health benefits of berries, for humans and hermit crabs alike, all day. Rest assured, any of the following are safe for hermit crabs. What’s more, they’ll frequently instigate a feeding frenzy. • Acai Berries • Blueberries • Raspberries • Strawberries When feeding berries, the bright the color, the better. The suggests a high beta-carotene level, an antioxidant that provides hermit crabs with their deep, eye-catching skin pigmentation. Berries are bursting with other vitamins that bolster crab health, though. For a real treat, mix your blueberries with a little oatmeal. That may sound like a conventional weekday breakfast by human standards, but to hermit crabs, it’s a gourmet feast. Cherries are safe for hermit crabs. Sweet, juicy varieties in particular will go down a storm with your pets. Like citrus fruits, cherries grow on unsafe trees. This means you’ll need to ensure all traces of growth are removed from cherries before feeding. Chop up and pit cherries before offering them. As these pips are small, they may be unwittingly bitten into by hermit crabs. If you slice and dice cherries, they will quickly become popular with your pets. The official classification of a coconut is a, “one-seeded fruit.” If we were arranging these fruits by order of preference and benefit rather than alphabetically, coconut would shoot straight to the top. Coconut is vital to hermit crab health. It provides all the protein, calcium, and fat that any hermit crab could wish for it. It’s also delicious. If your hermit crabs are reluctant to eat, sprinkle desiccated coconut on a meal and witness the change in appetite. You could place a halved coconut in an enclosure. This will double up as a toy as well as a food source. Hermit crabs love hiding places and will sit inside the coconut shell. This could create unwelcome competition and hostility, though. As per Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science, while docile, these animals can grow territorial over food and territory. It may be better to offer chopped slices of coconut to ensure an equitable share of this favored food. Dates are high in fiber and are a great source of antioxidants for your pets. Do check the packaging of any dried dates carefully, though. Be mindful of sugar content and, more critically, sulfate. Sulfate is found in copper, which is toxic to hermit crabs. Even if fed in tiny, trace amounts, this will eventually prove fatal. Only feed dates if you can be certain they are entirely natural. Grapes can make up a part of any hermit crab diet. In addition to the obvious appeal of their sweet taste, grapes are also high in antioxidants. Red grapes contain a little more beta-carotene than their green counterparts, but both varieties make find treats. Grapes are also a minor deviation from our oft-quoted, “ripe and fresh only” rule. Hermit crabs cannot eat moldy grapes. Slightly wrinkled and aged grapes will not concern your pets. Beta-carotene is the main benefit of offering mango to hermit crabs. Peel off the skin. It’s too tough for a hermit crab’s mouthparts and may be populated with chemicals and growth agents. The flesh within is really healthy. Mangoes are also high in Vitamin C. While not critical, this is a welcome bonus. There is also plenty of calcium to be found within mango flesh. Most of all, this sweet fruit will appeal to most hermit crab palates. Melon, Cantaloupe, And Watermelon Juice melon flesh – whether stemming from a conventional melon, a watermelon, or a cantaloupe – is always a winner with hermit crabs. The seeds are also safe for your pets and offer additional health benefits. Melon and associated members of the family are great for hydrating your hermit crabs. These animals thrive in hot temperatures but can dry out. By offering these fruits, you can supplement water intake for your pets. It’s the scent and taste of these fruits that mark them out as essential. Peaches And Nectarines Always slice a peach or nectarine open and remove any seeds. You’ll also need to wash these fruits thoroughly, as they are doused in insecticides. The sweetness of peaches and nectarines attracts other invertebrates besides hermit crabs, including wasps. Ideally, wait to serve these fruits when the flesh is almost pure white. This will taste sweeter and carry a stronger scent. Golden flesh can be a little more bitter on the palate. Whatever the color of the flesh, the fruit will offer plenty of antioxidants. If you wish to feed pears to your hermit crabs, follow the same policy as you would with apples. That means taking the time to remove any traces of seeds. You should also research the profile of different pears. Concorde pears and Bartlett pears are the likeliest to garner a positive reaction. These pears are juicy and boast a sweet flavor to match their scent. Opuntia, aka prickly pears, are also appealing. Although, as part of the cactus family, they must be skinned. If you do bring pears into the diet of your hermit crabs, they’ll enjoy calcium and protein, as well as numerous antioxidants. Having said that, they can also be higher in sugar than some fruits, so feed pears sparingly. Plums And Prunes As plums are fleshy, they will appeal. Likely, your pets have previously consumed loose plums in the wild. This makes them a fine treat. The deep purple shade of plums also denotes the welcome presence of beta-carotene. The same applies to prunes. These are usually dried plums, so they boast similar nutritional value. As always with dried fruit, ensure that no artificial additives or preservatives have made their way into the product. Pumpkin can become a cornerstone of the fruit intake of your hermit crabs. Pumpkin is also versatile. It can be served in a pulp or seed form, both of which provide high levels of protein and calcium. Tinned pumpkin is best served occasionally, if at all. This long-life produce may contain preservatives that would harm your hermit crabs. Pulp from a fresh pumpkin or pumpkin seeds from a health food store are packed with goodness. The only drawback of pumpkin is that it’s a messy fruit. At best, you will likely need to spot clean an enclosure following spillages after serving. Keep an eye on your aquarium substrate and ensure it does not need to be completely replaced. can hermit crabs eat dried fruit? Are Any Fruits Unsafe for Hermit Crabs? There is no particular fruit that is outright verboten for hermit crabs. By this, we mean that no fruit alone is toxic or dangerous for your pets. Even in the realm of vegetables, only onions and garlic need to be avoided. As mentioned, while no fruit alone is lethal, any can be dangerous. You must take the time to ensure the fruit is clean, stripped of pips, and contains no sign of any artificial chemicals. If you are feeding fruit straight from a tree, you should also be aware of the safety of the branches. As covered while discussing citrus fruits, some trees contain natural insecticides. Can Hermit Crabs Drink Fruit Juice? Hermit crabs can drink fruit juice, but shouldn’t. We need to consider the habits of drinking hermit crabs. They like to submerge themselves completely in water. If they do this in fruit juice, their skin will grow sticky. This could clog the gills or glue the hermit crabs inside their shells. Hermit crabs can also be clumsy. They are likely to spill the contents of any bowls in their habitat. Congealed pools of sweet-smelling fruit juice will attract flies. While hermit crabs eat insects, flies can be a real pain. If you pick up safe and appealing fruit for your hermit crabs, they will love it. Just be aware that, like all foods, fruit cannot be fed to hermit crabs daily. They will quickly grow bored. A varied menu of sweet, juicy fruits alongside other sustenance will keep your hermit crabs in good health.
Mindfulness Exercise: Relationship Expectations “Relationship is a mirror in which you can see yourself.” – Krishnamurti Difficulties in relationships often arise as a result of mismatched or unrealistic expectations. When we expect someone to behave in a certain way, we become attached to that expectation and become easily disappointed or frustrated if they do not act as expected. Expectations are created from ideals that we have in our minds about how people in our lives “should” behave. It is comforting and reassuring when people behave as expected, although this is a dangerous trap to enter into because we have no control over other people’s behavior. Alidina (2011) explains that “the more expectations you have of others, the more difficult your relationships become – both for you and other people. If a person doesn’t meet your expectations, you react with anger, sadness, frustration, or jealousy.” To a certain extent, it is reasonable to have expectations of people we are in relationships (e.g., romantic relationships, friendships, coworkers, etc.) with, although they can also be dangerous. It is not unrealistic to expect to be treated with respect from others, to have trust within your romantic relationship, and to have a friendship built on a foundation of mutual support. Begin to notice the difference between expectations that are realistic/appropriate and those that are unrealistic/inappropriate. Just because you may react with disappointment, hostility, or sadness when your expectations are not met, that does not necessarily mean that the other person will be magically inspired to change. In fact, many people respond to negative emotions directed toward their own behaviors with resistance. This resistance usually turns into further unmet expectations. Mindfulness Exercise: Relationship Expectations Alidina (2011) suggests engaging in the following mindfulness exercise the next time you feel negative emotions as a result of unmet expectations in relationships: (1) Don’t speak immediately A quick negative response/reaction to unmet expectations only serves to fuel to fire. Allow yourself space to reflect on what you are thinking and feeling before engaging with the other person. An important part of mindfulness is recognizing that intense emotions do not have to be acted upon immediately, no matter how “urgent” they may feel. Pause to mindfully notice your thoughts and feelings from a place of nonjudgmental observation. (2) Become aware of your breathing without changing it Do you notice that you breath is shallow, deep, or rapid? Even if you can’t “feel” it, begin to focus your attention on counting your breath come in and out. If you are feeling worked up and breathing rapidly, just notice that this is occurring. Step back for a moment and observe. As you focus your attention in this mindful way, you will begin to feel more calm and focused. (3) Notice your bodily sensations As you feel anger, sadness, or disappointment with your unmet expectations, where do you notice changes in your body? Do you feel tension in your stomach, jaw, or shoulders? How would you describe these physical sensations? Gently bring your attention towards your bodily sensations and allow them to be. (4) Imagine or feel the breath going into that part your body Tap into these feelings with mindful awareness. As you breathe in and out direct the focus and intention of your breath toward the part of your body where you are experiencing tension. Become alert and aware as you breathe into this tense part of your body and notice what feelings arise. (5) Take a step back Mindfulness involves becoming aware of your observing self, noticing the “space” that exists between you (the observer) and your thoughts, feelings, and sensations (the observed). Become aware that you are not your thoughts, feelings, or sensations. The more that you recognize this, the less that you will become fused to those thoughts and feelings and the more that you will be able to see them for precisely what they are. Recognize that no matter how painful your thoughts, feelings, or sensations may be in this present moment, they are all transitory and will pass. (6) If necessary, return to the person and speak from this wiser and more composed state of mind Now that you have taken the space to mindfully observe your thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations, you may be in a better state of mind to engage with the other person in a productive manner. Choose not to have important discussions about expectations in relationships when you are feeling intense emotions or experiencing distressing thoughts. Take the time to cultivate your own sense of awareness of the meaning behind those thoughts and feelings before communicating them to the other person. Featured image: Untitled by sindy / CC BY-SA 2.0 About Laura K. Schenck, Ph.D., LPC What's On Your Mind?
Get Started. It's Free or sign up with your email address 2. Causes 2.1. As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created. 2.2. How likely you are to develop osteoporosis depends partly on how much bone mass you attained in your youth. 3. Risk factors 3.1. Your sex: The women 3.2. Age: The older 3.3. Race: if you're white or of Asian descent 3.4. Family history 3.5. Body frame size: Men and women with small body 3.6. Sex hormones: Lowered sex hormone levels tend to weaken bone 3.7. Thyroid problems: Too much thyroid hormone 3.8. Other glands 3.9. Low calcium intake 3.10. Eating disorders 3.11. Gastrointestinal surgery. 3.12. Steroids and other medications for Seizures, Gastric reflux, Cancer, Transplant rejection. 3.13. Medical conditions 3.13.1. Celiac disease Inflammatory bowel disease Kidney or liver disease Cancer Multiple myeloma Rheumatoid arthritis 3.14. Sedentary lifestyle. 3.15. Excessive alcohol consumption. 3.16. Tobacco use. 4. Complications 4.1. Bone fractures, particularly in the spine or hip, are the most serious complications of osteoporosis. Spinal fractures can occur even if you haven't fallen. The bones that make up your spine (vertebrae) can weaken to the point of collapsing, which can result in back pain, lost height and a hunched forward posture. 5. Prevention 5.1. Good nutrition and regular exercise are essential for keeping your bones healthy throughout your life. Men and women between the ages of 18 and 50 need 1,000 milligrams of calcium a day. 5.1.1. Sources of calcium Low-fat dairy products Dark green leafy vegetables Canned salmon or sardines with bones Soy products, such as tofu Calcium-fortified cereals and orange juice 5.1.2. Vitamin D Improves the body's ability to absorb calcium and improves bone health in other ways. People can get some of their vitamin D from sunlight 5.1.3. Exercise Exercise can help you build strong bones and slow bone loss
FAQ: How To Write Music Album Names Inside An Essay? How do you list a song title in an essay? Do you italicize musical titles? Italicize the entire title. Italicize titles of musical works—such as albums and Broadway shows. Use quotation marks to indicate the names of songs within those works. Bob Dylan’s classic “Like a Rolling Stone” debuted on the Highway 61 Revisited album in 1965. How do you cite a album in a paper? General Format “Song Title.” Album Title, Record Label, Year of Release. Artist. Album Title, Record Label, Year of Release. How do you write song titles in MLA? Do you put song titles in quotes? How do you write the title of an essay? How do you quote a nickname? Most stylebooks specify placing the nickname after the forename and enclosing it in quotation marks. Some stylebooks say parentheses may be used instead. Examples of the preferred form: General James “Mad Dog” Mattis, Coach Paul “Bear” Bryant, Prime Minister Margaret “Iron Lady” Thatcher. How do you title a musical? The general rule is that self-contained works or collective works are italicized, whereas works that are part of a collective work are set in quotation marks. So, for example, the title of a newspaper, television show, or musical album would be set in italics. How do you capitalize song titles? How do I cite the CDC? Government Report 2. First citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [ CDC ], 2014) 3. Subsequent citations: ( CDC, 2014) 4. First citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [ CDC ], (2014) 5. Subsequent citations: CDC (2014) You might be interested: Question: How Much Of His Music Does Hans Zimmer Actually Write? How do you write an album? Recording Your Album: Songwriting Tips & Inspiration 1. Write every day. 2. Reserve judgement for later versions of your work. 3. Don’t toss out a song at the beginning just because it sounds like another song. 4. Write on location. 5. Use songs you love as a jumping off point. 6. Change up the instrument you’re writing on. How do you reference a song? How does a MLA heading look like? The correct MLA heading is found on the first page of your paper. It includes your name, instructor, course, and date. MLA format also has a running header with the page number and your last name. It is right-aligned and found on each page. How do you write songs? Here’s How to Write a Song (Even If You’ve Never Written One Before and You Think You Suck). 1. Part 1: Find a Great Song Idea. 2. Part 2: Choose a Lyrical Hook (Title) 3. Part 3: Write the Chorus Lyric. 4. Part 4: Write the Chorus Chord Progression, Melody and Groove. 5. Part 5: Write the Verse Chords and Groove. How should MLA citations look? Leave a Reply Related Post
Consistent Heuristic Consistent Heuristic In computer science, a consistent (or monotone) heuristic function is an estimated path cost to a goal for a search that approximates the actual path cost in an incremental way without taking any step back. Formally, for every node N and every successor P of N generated by any action a, the estimated cost of reaching the goal from N is no greater than the step cost of getting to P plus the estimated cost of reaching the goal from P. In other words: • h is the consistent heuristic function • N is any node in the graph • P is any descendant of N • G is any goal node • c(N,P) is the cost of reaching node P from N A consistent heuristic is also admissible, i.e. it never overestimates the cost of reaching the goal (the opposite however is not always true!). This is proved by induction on, the length of the best path from node to goal. By assumption, where denotes the cost of the shortest path from n to the goal. Therefore, making it admissible. ( is any node whose best path to the goal, of length m+1, goes through some immediate child whose best path to the goal is of length m.) However, an admissible heuristic, can be made into a consistent heuristic, through the following adjustment: (Known as the pathmax equation.) Read more about Consistent Heuristic: Consequences of Monotonicity Other articles related to "consistent heuristic, consistent heuristics, heuristic, consistent": Consistent Heuristic - Consequences of Monotonicity ... Consistent heuristics are called monotone because the estimated final cost of a partial solution, is monotonically non-decreasing along the best path to the goal, where is the cost of the best path from start node to ... It's necessary and sufficient for a heuristic to obey the triangle inequality in order to be consistent ... In the A* search algorithm, using a consistent heuristic means that once a node is expanded, the cost by which it was reached is the lowest possible, under the same conditions that Dijkstra's algorithm requires in ... Famous quotes containing the word consistent: Donald Davidson (b. 1917)
Rise of the Absurd The French Enlightenment philosopher known to us as Voltaire once said, “Whoever can make you accept absurdity can make you commit injustice.” This was in response to the persecution and execution of Jean Calas, the last man in France to be broken on the wheel. Calas was a Protestant living in a Catholic society, so critics of the Church used his case much in the same way moderns are using George Floyd. Voltaire, like most men of the Enlightenment, had a simplistic understanding of human society. Through insouciance and critical humor, liberal thinkers dismantled the framework of society without regard to what would replace it. In the process, the modern fanatic, a novel form of barbarian, was unleashed. From the Reign of Terror until this point in time, the fanatic has been civilization’s greatest enemy. We cannot know for sure, but it is reasonable to assume that Voltaire would have been a big fan of Madame Guillotine. He had this to say on the topic of punishment: “It hath long since been observed, that a man after he is hanged is good for nothing, and that punishments invented for the good of society, ought to be useful to society.” What could be more useful than the elimination of the enemies of the revolution? “The embrace of strange ideas is a way for those who enjoy human suffering to glory in it.” Putting that aside, Voltaire’s observation that there is a correlation between the toleration of the absurd and the toleration of injustice is important. As the great Theodore Dalrymple observed, communist societies, the most absurd creations in human history, heavily relied upon the imposition of absurdity in order to maintain the authority of the party. Under communism, absurdity is the moral authority of injustice. As Dalrymple noted, this is where we see how liberal democracy has taken on the trappings of communism. Political correctness is a way to maintain control. By forcing people to accept and repeat the most ridiculous things, the people in charge break the will of the people. By accepting the lie, they can no longer live in the truth. “A society of emasculated liars is easy to control.” This is the reason for these weird public confessionals from public figures accused of violating some part of the progressive catechism. It is not so much about breaking the spirit of the accused. That can be done in private. Doing it in public, forcing the rest of us to share in the man’s humiliation, compels the rest of us to quietly accept the authority of those forcing the accused to make his public confession. The mistake here, though, is in assuming the causal relationship is one-way. That what comes first is the acceptance of the ridiculous, from which leads to cruelty and violence in order to defend the absurd. Instead, at least in many cases, the relationship works in the opposite direction. The desire to inflict harm, to exercise unjustified power over others, is what draws people to embrace the absurd. The traveling partner with all of these bizarre social fads is a cadre of ideological enforcers who inflict torment on those not willing to embrace the absurd. More often than not, these are volunteers. Social media is teeming with people who imagine themselves as witch-hunters. They search the social media profiles of suspects, looking for blasphemy against whatever is popular at the moment. Officially sanctioned sadism is now creeping into the ruling classes. The New York Times, the pinnacle of ruling-class media, employs young women whose only job is to hunt down heretics. With a straight face, the media claims to be the victim as they destroy the lives of nobodies, who they claim are a threat to the democracy. Wokeism is a help-wanted sign for every vindictive sadist of the age. This is where we see the causal relationship turn the other way. The embrace of strange ideas is a way for those who enjoy human suffering to glory in it. This is why the modern right is powerless in these battles. Their bourgeois objectivism requires them to find a logical explanation for everything. Since there can be no rational answer for the burst of insanity we see at the top of society, the right must sit in stunned silence. The bizarreness of this age cannot be overstated. We live in a time in which the makers of medicines claim in their ads that humans are assigned a sex at birth. These are people presumably operating at the very limits of the human science. They rely upon the best-trained men and women to create drugs to treat illness. Yet, they claim that humans are assigned a sex at birth. That is madness in service to absurdity. The contemporary critics of the Enlightenment, like Joseph de Maistre, viewed the claims of Voltaire and Rousseau as an assault on man’s nature. Those institutions they criticized, like the Church, the aristocratic order, and the executioner, did not spring from nothing. They provided a necessary foundation for human society, one with a moral authority that framed man’s natural reason. Freed from those moral constraints, reason quickly turns into superstition. Whether it is egalitarianism, the blank slate, or any of the shibboleths of liberal democracy, what passes for reason is in fact a war on nature. So much so that the mantle of reason is used to justify the mutilation of children by parents, convinced by their televisions that their male child was “misgendered” at birth. Is there any greater injustice than a mother harming her child in the name of absurdities like transgenderism? We have arrived at the monstrous end of the liberal project. What started as a reasoned assault on superstition is now a collection of increasingly bizarre superstitions, in service to a war on observable reality. What Voltaire criticized as absurd superstition looks enlightened compared with what his ideological heirs are inflicting on us. It turns out Voltaire was right, however. He just picked the wrong target. Sign Up to Receive Our Latest Updates! Daily updates with TM’s latest
Close Close Regulation and Compliance > State Regulation Lessons From Down Under Your article was successfully shared with the contacts you provided. The United States and Australia share many similarities. Both nations began their histories as colonial possessions of the British Empire and despite attracting immigrants from around the world speak English. Both nations were initially settled by people who saw little opportunity in their native lands and both had mid-19th century gold rushes, leading to national cultures of rugged individualism. Both have currencies based on the dollar. Australians and Americans fought side by side in both World Wars, not to mention in Korea, Vietnam, the first Gulf war, Iraq, and Afghanistan. We’ve accepted Australians as our own in the popular cultures of music (Bee Gees, AC/DC, Keith Urban, et al.) and movies (Nicole Kidman, Russell Crowe, Mel Gibson). The two nations’ unique historical and social circumstances have led to different outcomes, however. One such area is financial planning. Access to financial planning is more widespread in Australia, with one recent survey noting that 34% of respondents indicated they had consulted a financial advisor. Australia’s poplulation of about 21 million places it demographically between the states of California and Florida, yet the Financial Planning Association of Australia boasts a membership of more than 14,500 compared to the U.S.’s FPA with total membership of some 28,000. At a time when the new Administration has floated a White Paper that would institute massive changes in how financial services is regulated in the United States, a review of how the Australians have come to regulate advice givers could he helpful. At a time when retirement income planning is being rethought as the boomers approach retirement age it could be instructive to consider another nationwide approach to the issue, though it’s important to acknowledge the differences as well. “The big mistake that people make is that the U.S. and Australia are two countries separated by a common language,” quips Mark Tibergien, the internationally recognized practice management guru and CEO of Pershing Advisor Solutions, in a variation on Shaw’s famous line about the U.S. and England. “Australians have been doing planning longer and for more people than in the U.S.,” points out Dennis Gallant, president of GDC Research in Sherborn, Massachusetts, who has consulted in that part of the world. “What I found in Australia was a very unique market, for two reasons. One is that they have compulsory retirement [savings]. Then you have what goes beyond just suitability for most reps. They have a ‘Know your customer’ or ‘Know your client’ rule. It provides a foundation for a deeper relationship with your client.” Eliza De Pardo has a unique perspective on the discussion. She’s a native Australian who served as a senior business consultant in practice management for MLC, the wealth management division of National Australia Bank Group, before moving to the States to serve in a similar capacity with Moss Adams in Seattle. Earlier this year she teamed with another Moss Adams vet, Dan Inveen, to launch FA Insight in Tacoma, Washington, where she serves as director of consulting. “I did notice some significant differences when I first started working in the U.S.,” she says. Chief among these was the way advisors in the two countries present their value proposition to clients. In Australia, meetings between advisors and clients are more likely to focus on broader advice needs and how the entire relationship is enhancing the client’s financial situation than on investment management. “The view is that the product the firms are selling is in fact the advice, and the investment return is a small part of the complete advice picture. They’re charging for the advice that they’re giving across multiple areas of need.” In the U.S., De Pardo found advisors concentrating much more on investment performance. “A lot of them really do believe that is where they add value. That’s what they want to charge for and how they want to be compensated,” she says. “That works when the market is doing well, but what the recent downturn has showed us is that as the markets hit rock bottom, advisors are working a whole lot harder for their clients.” Superannuated Savings One of the biggest differences between the two countries, and one that has had a significant impact on the planning profession, is the approach to retirement. Under Australia’s “superannuation” law, introduced in 1992, individuals are supposed to self-fund their retirement. At age 60, they can choose to either withdraw their savings as a lump sum or as a steady income stream. By law it’s mandatory for the employer to contribute a minimum amount (currently 9%) of the employee’s salary to superannuation. Individuals can also make voluntary contributions to their “super fund” and are given tax incentives to do so. Some people also get some Age Pension assistance once they reach 65, if they can satisfy means and assets tests, which provides a government safety net of sorts. The maximum age pension today is about $15,000 a year for singles and $25,000 a year for a couple. Geoff Davey is CEO and founder of FinaMetrica, a Sydney-based firm that helps advisors in 12 different countries and five different languages gauge the risk tolerance of their clients. The firm provides consulting on risk-related matters but from 1972 until 1989, when he sold his interest in the business to his partners, he was one of the pioneers of the Australian planning profession. When he first launched his practice, Davey says that what he was providing clients was life planning. “The more mainstream-type planning, largely investment based, got underway in 1983 because of a change in government legislation. Essentially the government started to make people responsible for their own retirement,” he recalled during a phone conversation from his office in Sydney. This initial legislation was in the form of a tax incentive for people who made long-term investments to fund their own retirements. “This created demand amongst moms and pops–a much more mainstream community than just the high-net-worth individual,” says Davey. “So we’ve always been further down the socioeconomic scale in terms of our client base.” A few years later the superannuation legislation went into effect and the floodgates for advisors opened. “It started off at a compulsory 3% contribution, a few years later it went to 6%, and now its 9%,” Davey explains. “It means that for the size of the country, we have a very large investment market.” “They have a culture of savings that’s being promoted by the government, but that’s not bad,” observes Tibergien. “It looks like the superannuation program has been a big boom to [the advisory profession] and has certainly created a legitimate career path for many people who choose to go into the financial profession. There’s an increase in both the number of people who are accumulating wealth as well as the amount of wealth that people are accumulating, the market cataclysm notwithstanding.” Transparency and Disclosure Regulations in Australia demand a much greater degree of transparency than is currently required in the U.S., much of it centered around two types of documents–the financial services guide and the statement of advice. “It isn’t ‘If requested,’ it’s when you begin the conversation with the client,” notes Tibergien, with approval in his voice. Every potential client must be provided with a Financial Services Guide (FSG) which outlines what services are being offered, how the firm operates, how the advisor gets paid (including commissions), the compensation arrangements, any potential conflicts of interest, and how customer complaints are resolved. For every investment product that a client purchases, including insurance, the advisor must provide a Product Disclosure Statement (PDS), that gives the features of the product, any fees that apply, the benefits and risks of investing, commissions that may affect returns, information about complaint handling, and any other information that is material to the decision to invest. Personal advice must be given in a written document called a statement of advice (SOA). The SOA must be personalized for each client and must explain the basis for the advice that’s being given, such as how the individual client’s objectives, financial situation, and needs have been taken into account in creating the financial plan. The document outlines how the advisor will be getting paid, including any commissions, and reveals any potential conflicts of interest. As is the case with the PDS, all fees, charges, benefits, and interests must be stated in dollar amounts. “Typically advisors are required to disclose the types of services that they’re going to provide for a 12-month period and exactly how they’ll be compensated for that advice,” explains De Pardo about the SOA. The document allows the client to know exactly what to expect out of the relationship over the next year. De Pardo explains that it has also forced financial services companies to put together some clearly defined service packages, which in turn has allowed them to offer those packages to clients with lower asset levels. “It does a couple of things for the business. It helps you to become very clear on what you’re delivering and probably more efficient at what you’re delivering as a result, and to be able to manage your profitability per client,” she continues. “But the real benefit from the client’s perspective [is that] expectations can be better managed. So you don’t have quite as many unhappy clients in the event they feel the business isn’t necessarily meeting their servicing expectations. It’s tough to meet expectations when they’re not spelled out upfront.” Regulation Reform A third area where the two nations differ and where the U.S. might be able to benefit from the Australian experience is in regulation. Although there is a regulator for consumer protection and another systemic regulator, both come under the jurisdiction of the same government ministry. In Australia anyone who sells or advises on financial products must hold a license (or be employed by or authorized to represent someone who holds a license) from the Australian Securities and Investment Commission. The licensing requirement is a consumer protection law to ensure that advisors meet certain professional standards, comply with financial services laws, that they deal with clients efficiently, honestly, and fairly, and that there is a process for resolving complaints free of charge. License holders must also have arrangements in place to provide compensation if the firm breaks the law and as a result the client loses money. “I think the fact that they have a simpler regulatory structure, and don’t have as many different entities that are involved in the regulation of the business, certainly changes things,” notes Tibergien. He points out that much of how the profession evolved in the U.S. has its roots in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which has no counterpart in other countries. “Probably one of the things that makes it a little bit different there is their regulations tend to be more rules-based for advisors, where ours tend to be more guideline based,” he continues. “You’ll generally find compliance people describing the regulation of RIAs as being a series of no action letters, rather than specific rules of behavior. In Australia they tend to be more specific about what you can and can’t do. There’s less room for interpretation, that’s for certain, and that tends to give more confidence to investors.” Tibergien thinks that the regulatory structure in Australia is similar to what some have envisioned for the U.S. “Many people in this country talk about the twin peaks form of regulation, to have a systematic regulator and a consumer protection regulator, and they have that,” he says. “They have the APRA (Australian Prudential Regulation Authority), which is the systemic regulator, and they have the Australian Securities and Investment Commission, which is more focused on client protection.” Tibergien thinks there are requirements for Australian planners that American planners should adopt just because they’re good ideas. “From a practice standpoint, the protocols around disclosure and transparency and providing a mandatory guide to their clients as to rights and responsibilities is something that individual practices could adopt and industry associations could make fundamental to their protocols,” he says. “While everybody complains about the regulator, I think our regulatory system is a lot better than yours,” says Davey, pointing out that in Australaia there’s only one regulator rather than the “complicated federal and state and multiple operations at the federal level that you’ve got over there.” Lessons Learned “Australians are interesting in that they both create good ideas and they take good ideas and they make them better,” says Tibergien. “In the case of financial planning, some of what they’ve done around stricter protocols for planning and enforcement such as the financial services guide that’s given to every client, the statement of advice, the fee disclosure statement, has made them a leading-edge profession there.” One area where the profession in both countries shares a similar focus is in trying to come to grips with just what is the role of the planner. “The challenge that they, and we, still have is defining what a financial planner is,” observes Tibergien. “That is a term that still doesn’t have complete and clear definition. There’s a lot we can probably both learn from each other as we go through this process.” “I think the problem with financial planning generally, and this is a simplification, is that it serves rich people,” concludes Davey. “That’s significantly more so in the United States than Australia. We’re a little better at serving the middle market, but it’s a challenge everywhere.”
Question: What are the 3 parts of a persuasive essay? A formal persuasive essay is made of three parts: Issue; Side; Argument. This is the type of essay you write for class. Many professional persuasive essays have these three parts, but they might be mixed around or woven together more creatively. What is the format of a persuasive essay? What are the 5 parts of a persuasive essay? Persuasive Essay Outline explanationIntroduction (3-5 sentences)Paragraph 2 (5-8 sentences)Paragraph 3 (5-8 sentences)Paragraph 4 (5-8 sentences)Conclusion (3-5 sentences) How do u start a persuasive essay? How to Start a Persuasive EssayBrainstorm your topic.Choose a hook.Provide the context.Narrow it to the main point.Write a thesis statement.Be brief.Avoid clichés.Stay persuasive.More items •Jul 4, 2019 What is a good introduction for a persuasive essay? The introduction in your persuasive essay should grab the readers attention and provide background information about your subject. It should end with a clear statement of your thesis. The body. The body should consist of all the arguments that support your thesis. How do you write a good persuasive essay? 8 Tips for Better Persuasive WritingPick a topic youre passionate about. Youll do your best persuading when its something you truly believe in. Know your audience. Hook the readers attention. Research both sides. Be empathetic. Ask rhetorical questions. Emphasize your point. Repeat yourself.Nov 8, 2020 Can you start a persuasive essay with a question? When writing the initial draft of a persuasive essay, consider the following suggestions: The introductory paragraph should have a strong “hook” that grabs the readers attention. Open with an unusual fact or statistic, a question or quotation, or an emphatic statement. What is a good persuasive essay topic? Easy Persuasive Essay IdeasWhat should the punishment for cheating be?Should students be allowed to have phones at school?Whats the most interesting subject to learn?Should homework be required?Does your school handle bullying well?Are dress codes a good idea for schools?Is the school day too long?More items Which is the most powerful word? The tops the league tables of most frequently used words in English, accounting for 5% of every 100 words used. “The really is miles above everything else,” says Jonathan Culpeper, professor of linguistics at Lancaster University. What are the persuasive words? 10 Powerfully Persuasive Words Your Customers Want to HearFree. If you think free is sleazy and overused, think again. Exclusive. Everyone want to be in the in crowd. Easy. As sad as it is, Mayberry doesnt exist anymore, at least in most parts of the world. Limited. Get. Guaranteed. You. Because.More items •Aug 2, 2016 What are easy persuasive topics? 10 Easy and Simple Persuasive Speech Topics Celebrities who break the law should receive stiffer penalties. Teachers should pass a basic exam every few years to renew their certification. Cities should offer free bike-sharing programs. People should eat less junk food. What are some good hooks for a persuasive essay? Here are 7 writing hooks that make readers want to find out what you will say in the rest of your essay. Quotation Hook .Quotation Hook.The Interesting Question Hook. The Strong Statement/Declaration Hook. The Fact/ Statistic Hook. The Metaphor / Simile Hook. The Story Hook.More items •May 8, 2019 What are some good persuasive starters? Paragraph Starters for Persuasive EssaysIn my opinion….I believe….Im sure of…We all know….I know……I feel that….We all agree…While I agree…More items What is the longest number word? Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis 1. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45 letters) Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of very fine silicate or quartz dust. Reach out Find us at the office Give us a ring Daan Hilger +47 129 536 826 Mon - Fri, 9:00-17:00 Tell us about you
Ekologiya və torpaqşünaslıq fakültəsi May 21 - International Day of the Cosmos International Day of the Cosmos became celebrated throughout the world since 1998. Then the decision to fill up the calendar of international holidays with another memorable date announced from outer space by American astronaut Andrew Thomas. At this point, he was on board the orbital station "Mir". He is the last American astronaut who was on the Russian space station "Mir". From this point in space, Russia and the United States have completely different and separate objects, keeping the secret of space research and practice the use of secret technology. Space has become the greatest discovery of the 20th century. But subdue boundless space until the person can not do. However, the hope of progress and development of human society does not die. Bookmark and Share “Green Marathon” Project of Rehabilitation of Absheron Lakes Forests of the Republic of Azerbaijan Environmental history of the development
how to pronounce policymaker how to improve pronunciation of policymaker press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound. press Play to play an example pronunciation of policymaker. video examples of policymaker pronunciation An example use of policymaker in a speech by a native speaker of american english: “… better for a policymaker to comment on …” meanings of policymaker 1. One involved in the formulation of policies, especially politicians, lobbyists, and activists. words with pronunciation similar to policymaker
Divine inebriation, human dipsomania (Egypt and Sumer). Examples abound of myths about beer and the fortunes or misfortunes that mankind receives from it. Beer is given or conceded to humans by generous gods, or on the contrary jealous of their divine drink, or by a legendary female brewer. As far as we can summarise and compare such a wealth of past stories and mythological tales, several themes stand out: • Beer is a blessing that has come among mankind with cultivated plants. The deity who donates the plants also teaches agriculture and the art of brewing beer. This primordial link between agriculture and beer brewing is stated by Amerindian mythologies (gift of maize, manioc and the beer that comes with it), Chinese or Japanese myths (millet or rice beer), certain African myths, etc. • the beer of humans is the image of the beer of gods. Man can offer to the gods the beer that he himself drinks. Humans and gods share the same fermented beverage, that is beer. The mythologies from ancient Mesopotamia offer the best example of this belief, as do the Scandinavian mythologies. Enlil, Enki, Odin or Thor drink the same beer as humans (see below). • The magical fermentation and the intoxication that beer induces in humans open a door to supernatural worlds and possible interactions, beneficial or evil, between the divine powers and the human world. This theme inspires many mythologies throughout the world. • the intoxication of the gods appeases their destructive fury. The art of brewing beer is a "charm" or trick of humans to capture or "domesticate" the power of the gods. The intoxication of the Egyptian goddess Sekmet/Hathor is one of the best example of that schema (see below) which can also be found in the Japanese mythology (a furious and destructive snake has been inebriated with sake, a rice beer). • Beer is a source of sociability. Savagery reigned among humans before the invention of beer, or before beer was given by a deity or an ancestor. Humans become civilised when they can share a pot of beer. Beer is a bridge between the wild and the civilised state of human communities. This theme inspires one of the episodes in the epic of King Gilgamesh and Enkidu-the-savage, beside Amerindian, Indo-European and Asian myths (Kojiki for Japan). These various themes, which are sometimes complementary, do not have the same meaning or scope depending on whether they are developed by peoples with non-authoritarian social structures or by hierarchical and complex societies. For the former, beer takes them from the wilderness to social life. It occurs in the human world thanks to the generosity or sacrifice of a male or female ancestor. Beer is the vehicle of the shaman or healer to reach the other side of the world. A few drops of beer are thrown to honour an ancestor or divine power before tasting a new brew. Nothing more. These beliefs and ritual ordinary practices belong to the so-called "tribal" or no-state societies. These myths abound in the Amazon and among Andean cultures, but also in Africa and Asia. For the latter, the gift or the invention of beer legitimises a political power which is then responsible for redistributing this benefit among men. Beer offerings reinforce this political authority by allowing the king or the priest to officiate in a palace or a temple, and to arrogate for himself a privileged communication with the gods. The beer brewing becomes, after a long economic and social evolution, a material support for centralizing political powers of kingdom or empire kinds.This is the case of the strongly hierarchical societies which appeared during antiquity in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. All of them gave rise to long lasting beer-making traditions. Some of them are several thousand years old. Between these two extreme poles, multifaceted political and social structures have altered the role of the brewery and inspired the "historical inventions" of beer narrated by some mythologies. The annual festival of Sekhmet/Hathor in Egypt. The myth first. We know it from the "Book of the Cow of Heaven" told in New Kingdom tombs. But it has its source in a tradition that goes back to the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Creator of the world and the human race, Ra-Atum is angered by the misconduct of humans revolting against his authority and decides to annihilate them. This myth evokes a historical event: the war that established the Middle Kingdom around 2033 BC. The pharaoh of Upper Egypt Montouhotep II takes control of Lower Egypt, which had become independent in the preceding centuries. This war lasts 28 years and causes many victims. The reunification will be presented by the victors as the duly chastened revolt of the people of Lower Egypt against the quasi-divine authority of Pharaoh, likened to the god Ra. Anger thus seizes Ra (or Pharaoh). His creative "eye" becomes a uraeus of fire that sets the world ablaze, a kind of burning sun. This Egyptian memory has been linked to the depths of time and the global warming that hit northern Africa about 6,000 years ago, turning the green African plains into arid deserts dotted with a few oases. An obvious anachronism! Luxor Sekhmet New KingdomIn order not to destroy creation and all that lives, grows or breathes, but to annihilate only the human race that is the object of his wrath, Ra-Atum gives form to a lioness charged with devouring the humans on earth. Sekhmet, the mighty Lioness, accomplishes her task. But gradually turned drunk with blood and overhelmed by a destructive madness, Sekhmet the Lioness becomes out of control. The whole of creation is in danger of annihilation. Ra orders Sekhmet to reach the South (Nubia/Sudan?) where her ravages continue[1]. Thirsty for human blood, the Lioness escapes her creator. must cunningly deceive. He instructs the god-baboon Djehouti (Shou or Khonsou-Shou in other versions) to approach Sekhmet-the-Powerful and trick her. Djehouti brews as much beer as he can, with date juice added to make it more alcoholic. The beer is poured into a pool filled with water reddened with ochre to imitate the colour of blood. Drunk with fury, Sekhmet the bloodthirsty goddess drinks all the beer. She staggers and falls asleep, overcome by alcoholic intoxication. When she wakes up, her destructive fury is forgotten. Rê-Atoum, victorious over himself (Sekhmet is his own substance), metamorphoses his Eye: the devouring Lioness becomes Hathor, radiant divinity of festivities and love. Narmer Palette The dual deity Sekhmet/Hathor is a very ancient deity. Hathor already appears on the Narmer Palette, a royal document dating back to 3300 BC. In the lower front register, the king takes on the appearance of a bull that breaks down the walls of a city and defeats an enemy. The king is also called in Egypt the Bull of his Mother, to signify that the people of Upper and Lower Egypt were born of a cow, Hathor in this case. In other words, for the ancient Egyptians, the Nile Valley was populated or conquered in time immemorial when an angry, bloodthirsty Lioness was transformed into a benevolent and fertile Cow by the magic of red beer. From earliest antiquity, the temples of the valley have celebrated every year around 19 July the return of the waters of the Nile, the flood personified by Hâpy. At this season, Hathor-the-generous succeeded Sekhmet-the-burning of June-July. This ceremony is called "appeasement of the burning heat" or "appeasement of Sekhmet-the-Powerful". For her, a beer with red ochre is prepared in the breweries of the temples of Egypt. This is one of the rare occasions when religious celebrations are not confined to the temples. The whole population participates in the festivities: songs, dances, unlimited beer and sexual licence. No one can dissent without angering the fierce Sekhmet or the gentle Hathor, Lady of drunkenness, music and love. Hieroglyphic tekh (th) meaning drunkenness.Ivresse A variant draws a plant (reed, water lily, rye grass?) which takes the place of the beer jar. In honour of Hathor, the Egyptians of the New Kingdom (1500 to 1000 BC) celebrate a 15-day festival each year at Denderah and Edfu. Beer is drunk without limit and inebriation is the order of the day, to commemorate the drunkenness of Sekhmet, Hathor in her furious Lioness form [2]. Enlil and the banquet of the gods in Mesopotamia. In a similar vein, Enki, the technician and wise god of Mesopotamia, visits his father, the all-powerful god Enlil, in his city of Nippur, on the banks of the Euphrates in lower Mesopotamia. The text belongs to the Paleobabylonian period (beginning of the 2nd millennium BC) : From line 96 to 120 (the underlined words have been purposely left untranslated by Al-Fouadi, as their meaning is unknown except mots of them refer to vessels because of the prefix dug-): « To Nippur he directed his step alone, Into Gigunna, the shrine Nippur, he entered, Enki stepped forward (to make) the beer (kaš-kaš-e)[3], (to prepare) the fine beer (kurún-kurún-e), Into big bronze containers he poured out the fine beer At the same time, he mixed the emmer-wheat beer In the kukurru-container he brewed (mixed) its bran-mash (duh-bi) for a good beer, (Then by adding) the syrup of the dates into its (the container's) mouth, he made it (beer) of excellent quality, (After) its (container's) bran-mash (duh-bi) became a syrupy substance, he spread all of it out to cool off. Enki, in the shrine Nippur, For Enlil, his father, made a banquet, He seated An on a lofty place, Next to An he seated Enlil, Nintu he seated at a 'big side'. The Annuna seated themselves. (Then) the (divine waiters) gave the beer to drink (as well as) the fine beer which they have sweetened, The zabar-MIR vessels (gobelets ?), they (the divine waiters) made enormously large. (Meanwhile) they (the assembled gods) made Uraš hold a contest over the bronze objects. They (the divine waiters) made the tilimda-vessels shine (like) the holy magur-boat, (Then) after the beer has been prepared, the fine beer has been sweetened, After ..... from the house, In Nippur they made Enlil happy, (Then) Enlil says to the Anunnaki : You Annuna, who came straight to the assembly, My son has built a house, the king Enki, ... » [4] Note that there are at least two types of beer (kaš and kurún), perhaps a third based on starch wheat (ulušin). They are sweetened and strengthened with dates. The text may also describe the technical mixture of the first two (supposedly barley beer) with starch wheat. Spreading the mash (duh-bi) to cool it remains a technical gesture difficult to understand for brewing beer. You may want to cool the wort, which is liquid, so after filtration of the semi-solid mash. ^ >> [1] Cauville S. 2002, Dendara. Les fêtes d'Hathor, Orientalia Lovaniensa Analecta 105. [2] Goyon Jean-Claude 1992, Hathor, l'ivraie et l'ivresse, Cercle Lyonnais d'Egyptologie Victor Loret, Bulletin n° 6:4-16. [3] kaš est le terme générique sumérien pour la bière en Mésopotamie, šikaru en akkadien. [4] Al-Fouadi Abdul-Hadi 1969, Enki's Journey to Nippur : the Journeys of the Gods, for the English translation. Its slightly diifers from that proposed by Jean Bottéro 1989, Lorsque les dieux faisaient l'homme. Mythologie mésopotamienne, pp 145-146, [94-121]. 15/01/2012 Christian Berger
Question: What Is The 28th State? Why is Hawaii a US state? What is the oldest state in the world? San MarinoSan Marino is the oldest sovereign state in the world, having been founded in 301AD. But it’s also one of the smallest – about 60 square kilometres (or 24 square miles). Which state has the highest elderly population? Maine1. Maine. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maine ranks first in the nation for the highest proportion of residents over the age of 65. Why is District of Columbia not a state? Why did I think there was 52 states? Because they think there are 50 “contiguous” states plus Hawaii and Alaska for 52. If they knew simple geography and U. S. History they’d know there are only 48 contiguous states. … There are only 50 states in the US and that includes 2 which do not have land borders with the main country: Alaska and Hawaii. Who owns most of Hawaii? It’s time for Howard’s Illustrated Economics. This time, he answers the question “Who are the largest landowners in Hawaii?” with his signature legos. The state of Hawaii owns the most land with 1,376,000 acres. The federal government comes in second with 531,000 acres. How many US states in 1919? 36Follow the race to ratification in real time… Adding an amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires passage by two-thirds of each chamber of Congress, then ratification by three-fourths of the states, which in 1919 was 36 of the 48 states. What was the last 2 states? The United States in Order of StatehoodOrderStateDate Admitted48Arizona1912-2-1449Alaska1959-1-350Hawaii1959-8-21Puerto Rico189848 more rows How many states are there in America 2020? What is the 28th state of the United States? What order are the states? US States: Order and Dates of StatehoodDelaware. December 7, 1787.Pennsylvania. December 12, 1787.New Jersey. December 18, 1787.Georgia. January 2, 1788.Connecticut. January 9, 1788.Massachusetts. February 6, 1788.Maryland. April 28, 1788.South Carolina. May 23, 1788.More items… When did states join the US? Five states were added during the 20th century. Alaska and Hawaii were the last states to join the Union — both in 1959….Joining the Union.StateEntered UnionYear SettledNew MexicoJan. 6, 19121610ArizonaFeb. 14, 19121776AlaskaJan. 3, 19591784HawaiiAug. 21, 1959182046 more rows•Feb 28, 2017 What are the 52 states in the US? Does Hawaii get cold? What is the 29th state of America? IowaList of U.S. statesStateDate (admitted or ratified)28TexasDecember 29, 1845 (admitted)29IowaDecember 28, 1846 (admitted)30WisconsinMay 29, 1848 (admitted)31CaliforniaSeptember 9, 1850 (admitted)46 more rows What are the 50 states in ABC order? What is the youngest state in the US? UtahThese Are the Youngest States in America. The youngest state in the country is Utah, new data shows. Who did we buy Hawaii from?
Shipping of hop plants and planting material to the pacific northwest prohibited by quarantine As growers and propagators look to source and sell planting materials, it's important to remember quarantine rules. With spring field activities here, a reminder on important quarantine rules is timely as growers and propagators source and sell planting materials. Over the past several years, the hop commissions in Washington, Oregon and Idaho have worked together and with their departments of agriculture to strengthen quarantine rules that ensures consistency amongst state regulations in the region. The quarantine rules allow free distribution of hop plants and planting materials within Washington, Oregon and Idaho. Import of these materials from outside the Pacific Northwest, however, is prohibited, with the exception of kiln-dried cones. Details for Oregon, Idaho and Washington are available. The quarantine rules are science-based and in place to protect the industry against novel strains of the powdery mildew fungus (and potentially other pests and diseases) that do not exist in the Pacific Northwest, but are widely distributed outside of the region. Powdery mildew has been present on hops in the Northwestern U.S. for over two decades, so why are quarantine measures still needed? A little background on the disease biology is helpful to understand the rationale and science behind the quarantine rules. The fungus that causes hop powdery mildew exists in two forms called mating types, somewhat like male and female forms. Research documents that only one of the two mating types of the fungus is present in the Pacific Northwest, but both mating types are widely distributed in all other areas where the disease is known to occur. Therefore, if hop materials or rhizomes are imported and have powdery mildew--a common problem in greenhouses and nurseries--the plants likely will harbor both mating types of the pathogen. This fine point in the pathogen biology could have massive implications for disease management. Because just one mating type of the fungus occurs in the Pacific Northwest at present, the pathogen survives the winter only on live hop plants, only in a handful of yards, and only at a very low level. At present, growers can nearly or entirely eliminate powdery mildew from yards in spring with their pruning practices, greatly limiting the extent and severity of later disease outbreaks. When both mating types are present, however, overwintering mildew becomes impossible to eliminate with cultural practices alone and early season disease outbreaks become more widespread. With only one mating type, infested crop debris isn't a concern for powdery mildew. With both mating types present, shattered cones and infested crop debris from the previous season becomes a new source of mildew in spring, and the disease cycle is kicked off in every yard that had mildew the previous year and not just those few yards with flag shoots. The potential impact is earlier, more widespread, and in general can cause more severe disease outbreaks. Any individual or firm propagating and/or selling hops nursery stock must obtain a license and be inspected by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD). Propagators and other individuals selling planting material and other regulated items are encouraged to contact MDARD at (800) 292-3939 for additional guidance on plant quarantine rules. Did you find this article useful?
By now, you’ll have developed a strong understanding of your users’ needs, and have chosen a way of meeting those needs with your design (a prototype). The pilot phase is where you start building your product for real and collect feedback on your prototype by testing it with a limited number of users. The pilot phase should be structured in an iterative way that allows you to roll out the service to real users while minimizing risk and maximizing the potential to learn and improve the product or service. During this phase, you may want to refine the metrics that you identified during the research phase, and continue to improve the product based on the user feedback that you gather. To test your product, start with a limited number of people who will try your service and give you feedback about how to improve it. It’s helpful to test your prototype with people that fit the user personas you developed during the design phase. Usability Testing Usability testing is the process of observing people as they attempt to use a product or service while thinking out loud. The goal of usability testing is to identify any problems, collect data and determine user satisfaction with the product. Start with a usability test plan; this includes recruiting participants, identifying how you want to test your product, analyzing the feedback you get, and reporting your findings in a way that helps you make improvements. Close window
Universal Robots Forum Plane Feature creation with offset Origin I would like to be able to create a plane feature, but have the origin located at the intersection of two lines. For example, The workpiece is a rectangular block with a radius on the front left corner. The desired origin for the workpiece is shown on the drawing as a point in space, defined by a line along the top left edge intersecting with a line along the top front edge. In other words, the origin is at the point where the front left corner would be if it did not have a radius. The end effector I am using has the ability to establish points anywhere on the top surface, or along the edges defined by the intersection of the top surface and the vertical sides. The question I have is how can I create a Plane feature with the origin in the correct location? The only way I know of creating a plane feature results in the first point taken on the top surface defining the feature origin. Ideally, I would like to capture two points on the left edge and define a line through them. Then do the same on the front edge and intersect the two lines to create the origin point. Does anyone know how this can be achieved? I’m pretty terrible at visualizing things, but can I ask WHY you need the origin in a specific location? Typically the origin is just some arbitrary point, as it’s just used to establish a reference frame. Any moves taught against a Feature will behave the same way regardless of where that origin actually was. As long as it is consistently taught, you’d be able to move your workpiece wherever, re-teach your 3 feature points, and you’re ready to roll. The point, as I understand it, is to make the 3 Feature points easy to reach and let the robot do all the heavy lifting math to get the correct offsetting. I understand the importance of having the origin of your plane in the correct position. you may need to move to a measured point along one of the axis for example, or if you have differing size parts with the same centre point. there are many reasons why it can be crucial. For me the best way to achieve this it to teach the plane on the part somewhere accessible using one of the edges (eg x) make sure the y axis is parallel to the intersecting y line. Once the plane is taught measure form your origin point or along the y plane back to where your y should be. Now edit the plane and select the feature you have just made it will display as x 0, y 0, z 0 etc now manually write the value of y to the measured value (Remember it my be a negative value) . confirm the new position. now move to the plane position and the robot should now be at your correct origin position. Good question! The main reason why I want to set the origin in an exact location is so I can position the TCP at exact locations on the workpiece relative to the origin specified in the CAD model. The robot is carrying a non-contact measurement device that will be used for dimensional inspection and process control purposes. For example; The model specifies that an edge profile measurement must be taken at precise location relative to the origin defined in the model. It would be near impossible to manually teach this position at anything like the required accuracy, but if the feature origin corresponds with the origin in the model, I can simply specify the X, Y, and Z coordinates from the model and be sure that the measurement will be taken in the correct place. Brilliant! Thank you. It sounds rather obvious when you explain it like that, slightly embarrassed that I hadn’t figured that out for myself! I’ll fire up the sim shortly and give it a try. Many thanks. :smiley: 1 Like
Our directory of things of interest University Directory Shoot for the Moon • Written by Keith Wilson • Published in Geophoto Shoot for the Moon Beth Swanson 09 Nov The hundreds of Blood Moon images that poured onto social media sites the morning after the latest lunar eclipse demonstrates how night photography has become far more accessible to the public During the evening of 27-28 September, millions of people across North and South America, Europe, western parts of Asia and North Africa were able to witness the phenomenon popularly known as the ‘Blood Moon’. The following morning, social media sites were filled with photographs taken by members of the public who stayed up to the early hours (and were blessed with clear skies) to see what was, in fact, a total lunar eclipse. Stay connected with the Geographical newsletter! Get Geographical’s latest news delivered straight to your inbox every Friday! During a total lunar eclipse, the moon takes on a reddish colour. Although lunar eclipses are fairly common – a minimum of four total or partial eclipses happen every year – the total eclipse on 27-28 September was of a ‘supermoon’, and is a much rarer event. According to NASA, such eclipses occurred only five times in the 1900s – in 1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. The total eclipse of the most recent supermoon was the first one of the 21st century and will not happen again for another 18 years. But what is a supermoon? Simply, it is phrase given to a full moon that is closest to the Earth. When rising above the horizon, a supermoon can look larger and brighter than a typical full moon. Therefore the blood red hue of a supermoon in total eclipse will make a dramatic impression on the night sky, as the pictures of last September proved. Low light capability Not so long ago, taking a photograph of a lunar eclipse (or of the stars and the moon on any clear night), was regarded as the niche preserve of a well-equipped astronomer or astro-photographer. That is no longer the case, as modern cameras now possess extraordinary low light capabilities making it possible for anyone to photograph galaxies and constellations hundreds of light years away. The breakthrough camera launch that made this possible was the Nikon D3 in 2007. Not only was it the first DSLR camera to use a ‘full frame’ (35mm format sensor), but it enabled photographers for the first time to make finely detailed exposures at night at ISO settings of 6400 or higher. Suddenly, low light and night-time exposures became far more accessible. Although Nikon’s top of the range camera at the time – and with a premium price to match – it wasn’t long before this sensor technology and high ISO capability found its way into more affordable cameras. Now, pretty much any digital camera can deliver incredibly fine resolution images at ISO 6400, 12,800 or even more. But even with this tech at your fingertips, there is still more to shooting a Blood Moon or the Milky Way than pointing your camera in the right direction and pressing the shutter button. Clear skies and dark nights Preparation is key and there are several important factors to fulfil before you even consider reaching for the camera. First and foremost, you need clear skies and a dark night, so refer to the weather forecast to find out if the coming evenings will be cloud-free. A night sky free of cloud provides a clear view of the heavens. Even better is if the night is still – gusts of wind can create problems by causing vibrations and movement to camera and tripod which will blur the image of a long exposure. Of greater importance is a dark night, less so if photographing something as large as a full moon, but especially when trying to see constellations of stars or distant galaxies. Strange as it may sound, some night skies are darker than others. This is because a dark sky is largely determined by two things: the phases of the moon and your location. After sunset, the moon is the greatest light source in the night sky, but during the phase of a new moon no light is reflected and the moon cannot be seen, making the night sky even darker. Light pollution from built-up towns and cities also blocks out much of the starlight to be seen from Earth, so the ideal location for seeing stars is far away from urban areas, in low lying country, or better still, remote deserts, mountains, or out to sea. This is why the world’s great astronomical telescopes are found on high mountain tops, islands, or flat uninhabited terrain. Some parts of the UK, such as Galloway and Dumfriesshire in Scotland and the Isle of Sark in the Channel Islands, have been designated dark sky preserves by the International Dark Sky Association. Lens choices So, for your night of stargazing, pay attention to the weather forecast and know of a location away from the lights of a built-up area that will guarantee a good view of a large expanse of sky. If your main interest is a full moon, then obviously you need to know which night the phase will be brightest. Also, look up the time of the moonrise and hope that the weather forecast is for a night free of cloud. Of course, at some times of year moonrise occurs during daylight hours, so you need to plan ahead and pinpoint those dates and times during the year when the moonrise is at night, then hope the clouds stay away on your designated evening! A full moon looks biggest when it rises close to the horizon. You can make it look even bigger by using a telephoto lens and including within the frame a silhouetted landscape or buildings on the horizon, with the moon just above. This way, any full moon can look like a supermoon! Of course, you should always fix the lens and camera to a tripod. A telephoto zoom, covering a focal range between 200mm and 400mm or longer, is ideal for this purpose. Ensure any image stabilisation systems are turned off and also switch off the autofocus and use manual instead. When it comes to shooting the moon and the stars, the subject to camera distance is infinity, so simply turn the focus ring to the infinity setting and lock it there. The moon and Earth are constantly moving, but the desired result is a sharp, unblurred image of the moon, so use a fast shutter speed, say 1/500sec, and a mid-range aperture between f/5.6 and f/11. Meter directly off the light of the moon, increasing the ISO setting to a level that ensures a fast enough exposure. Milky Way inspiration Photographing the stars requires a different approach. The improved light gathering ability and image resolution at higher ISO settings in modern DSLR cameras has led to many photographers making wide-angle compositions of the Earth’s home galaxy, the Milky Way. By choosing a dark night (usually during the new moon phase), and a location free of light pollution, the light of this galaxy and other constellations are vividly recorded on the image sensor. However, such images require long exposure times – the longer the shutter is kept open the more light points and details are recorded, including fast moving stellar features such as shooting stars. When making such long exposures (also known as time exposures), it is vital that the camera and lens remain absolutely still, fixed firmly on a tripod. When using an ultra wide lens, or even a fisheye, some photographers even place the camera on the ground with the lens pointing straight up to the sky. This can work but it becomes more difficult to ensure that no-one, photographer included, enters the periphery of the frame during the exposure! The longest time exposures are often made when photographing star trails. These record the stars as circular lines across the sky. With some exposures lasting several hours, the effect is to show a night sky of partial concentric circle of light around a central point in the frame – the Polar star. Heavenly backgrounds As well as making amazing photo subjects, let’s not forget that Blood Moons, full moons, star trails and the Milky Way can also make spectacular backgrounds. This is a trend being adopted my many landscape photographers, thanks to the vastly improved image resolution obtainable at very high ISO settings of 6400, 12,800 or more. Prominent landmarks such as desert arches and mesas, canyons and gorges, that people flock to photograph by day, are being visited again at night for a long exposure that records the same geographical site, but against a background sky filled by the brilliant stars of the Milky Way.  Even wildlife photographers are using the same technique, but with the addition of flash fired remotely (or with an infrared trigger), when the intended subject, a nocturnal species, wanders into frame. The shutter continues to remain open to record the ambient light of the background stars and galaxies. This is a new and exciting style of photography that has transformed an established technique (time exposures) thanks to the high ISO performance made achievable by modern camera technology. Choose a location away from the lights of a built-up, urban area. Listen to the weather forecast and look out for a clear, still and cloud-free night. Fix the camera securely to a tripod and ensure the standing surface is as stable as possible. If your lens or camera has an image stabilisation control, switch it off. Experiment with shutter speeds. Vary the amount of time you keep the shutter open and check the results on the camera monitor. Use autofocus. The camera to subject distance is infinity after all, so switch off AF, and turn the focus setting to infinity. Press the shutter button with your finger – instead, use a dedicated remote release or the camera self-timer and the Bulb setting to fire the shutter. Walk into the frame. You won’t be holding the camera if making a long time exposure with a wide-angle lens, so check the field of view and remember the point in your shooting position that marks the edge of the frame. Recommended reading Night Sky: A Field Guide for Shooting after Dark, by Jennifer Wu and James Martin, Mountaineers Books, £14.99, softback Astrophotography, by Thierry Legault, Rocky Nook, £22.99, softback Night Photography: Finding your way in the dark, by Lance Keirnig, £21.99, Focal Press, softback geo line break v3 Free eBooks - Geographical Newsletter geo line break v3 Related items NEVER MISS A STORY - Follow Geographical on Social More articles in NATURE... 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What Happens If Graphite Gets In Your Skin? Is pencil lead toxic to cats? Lead poisoning is rare in cats, but it does happen and it should be considered an emergency. Exposure typically occurs when the cat ingests objects that contain lead. If the cat eats a sufficient amount of lead all at once, it will lead to acute, or sudden onset, symptoms.. Can you erase pencil on canvas? What happens if graphite gets in your blood? How is graphite harmful to humans? Graphite is relatively nonpoisonous. There may be no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may include stomachache and vomiting, which could be from a bowel obstruction (blockage). … This can cause symptoms such as repeated coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, or rapid breathing. Is burning graphite toxic? If you did have pure graphite to burn, a simple flame wouldn’t be hot enough to combust it. You need to sustain temperatures of around 1000−2000 ∘C in order for pure carbon to burn. It’s all in the bonds. … No cool fire, but definitely some toxic CO and CO2 and some very hot carbon! Can graphite kill you? Does graphite cause cancer? Graphite alone may cause irritation of the respiratory tract but is not listed as a carcinogen. However, it may contain impurities of crystalline silica which is listed as a carcinogen. Inhalation of dust over prolonged periods of time may cause pneumoconiosis. Why do pencil stab marks stay? Pencils leave these marks when little bits of carbon or graphite get stuck within the dermis, the thick layer of skin that lies beneath our visible skin, the epidermis. Usually, this is harmless, but there are always precautions to take when the skin is punctured by any foreign body, dermatologist Dr. Does pencil wash out of jeans? Have you ever noticed pencil marks and stains on your clothes? … Removing them from washable fabrics such as cotton, linen, or polyester can be as simple as using a soft eraser to get rid of the stain (just as long as you are being cautious as not to ruin the fabric you’re working with). Is mechanical pencil lead toxic? Is Mechanical Pencil Lead Toxic? The simple answer is no because the lead in a mechanical pencil is exactly the same as a wooden pencil lead. It is not actually lead but graphite the only difference been that it is not cased in wood and graphite is a nontoxic substance. Is it bad to have graphite in your skin? The reason Rokhsar and so many others still have a mark is that a pencil stabbing leaves graphite particles in the dermis layer of the skin. That’s the layer just below the outer epidermis layer. … It’s also not harmful, since pencils these days are made with graphite, not lead. Is pencil lead dangerous under the skin? If a person is stabbed by a pencil a piece of lead can break off under the skin. This can cause a permanent colored or blue-grey mark but it is not harmful. Also, the pencil wound can get infected if it is not kept clean. If you find your child has sucked or chewed on a pencil, do not panic. How do you get graphite off your skin? Sterilize a needle or tweezers with isopropyl alcohol or an open flame. Clean skin in the area surrounding the pencil lead by washing it gently with a soapy cloth. If it is in an area surrounded by tough skin, like the bottom of your foot, soak first to soften. This will make it easier to remove the lead.
What We Can Learn from Trouble Kids More often than not, we hear stories of a trouble kid hitting it big in business, while the top of the class gets stuck in a miserable middle management position. What’s going on in here? Richard Branson, Gary Vaynerchuk, and countless other successful entrepreneurs performed poorly at school. Yet, they did extremely well in business. Then, there is the top of the class kid that didn’t do well in life. What’s going on in here? Are academic performance and success in life inversely correlated? Does a high IQ mean poor real life performance? Not necessarily. It just means that a high IQ and academic performance don’t play a big role in real life success. There’s another factor that correlates more with real life success. Emotional Resilience Emotional resilience plays a higher role in real life success than IQ. Sure a high IQ doesn’t hurt and it can help you progress a few more steps than the average person. However, lack of emotional resilience is lethal for real life success. Emotional resilience is a combination of several factors. It includes courage, self-discipline, self-motivation, and decisiveness. It involves how well one deals with hardship and how well they stick with their goals no matter how though the going gets. The typical school curriculum isn’t optimized for though times. It is optimized for performing well intellectually in a sterile environment. How does that correlate to the real world? Unlike the typical school environment, the real world is a messy place. Real life events are chaotic and unforeseeable. Real life problems do not have multiple choice answers. As a result, the kids that succeed in school often fail in real world. The Advantage of the Trouble Kid The trouble kids, on the other hand, tend to succeed in real life, if they learn their lessons over the years. Their troubled past provides them with the emotional resilience they need in real world. • Does that mean you’re doomed if you succeeded at school? • Does that mean that you should drop out of college or high school as soon as possible? • Does that mean to get into trouble in the first opportunity? Not at all. It means that you should pay attention to your emotional resilience too, next to your academic record. Luckily, emotional resilience is something you can develop. No matter where you are right now, you can develop world-class courage, self-discipline, self-motivation, and decisiveness within a year. All it takes is to make the conscious effort to develop them, day in and day out. Burak Bilgin
Religious education (RE) has been described as ‘an uneasy coalition of several disciplines in undisciplined competition with each other’ (Chater and Erricker, 2012). It has been criticised in recent years for a lack of clear purpose, for confused and confusing curriculum design, and for a student experience identifiable by its lack of parity across the country (Ofsted, 2013) (APPG, 2013) (Dinham and Shaw, 2015). A series of professional conversations with colleagues about this lack of consistency and clarity led to a collaborative research project that aimed to provide better support for teachers through a clear and consistent approach to scaffolding curriculum in RE. The driving purpose of this work was not simply to ensure that teachers feel more confident about teaching the subject, but also to ensure that students would be better able to develop secure religious literacy. Although there is debate about what the phrase ‘religious literacy’ means, it is widely accepted that gaining or developing religious literacy is an appropriate definition of the purpose of teaching RE. For the purposes of this research project, it is defined as ‘the ability to hold balanced and well-informed conversations about religion and belief’. Through a range of methods, including surveys, interviews, professional development sessions and small-scale action research projects, the team worked alongside teachers and other educators in their specific regions. Why focus on curriculum design in RE? Christine Counsell describes the school curriculum as that which exists to give students new power (Counsell, 2018). It is the mechanism for communicating what Michael Young calls ‘powerful knowledge’, which enables students to effectively engage with and communicate about the world around them (Myatt, 2018). If the RE curriculum is confused, the students are being failed, and the subject is not contributing as effectively as it could to the wider school curriculum. Nevertheless, curriculum design in RE is not straightforward because teachers are required to work with such varying expectations in terms of purpose, aims, content and outcomes. The starting point of this research was a conversation with teachers in a range of educational settings. The research team found that RE in primary schools tended to focus on what religious people do: festivals, places of worship, key practices, etc. In secondary schools, the focus tended to be on philosophical and ethical questions. Students seemed to spend little time critically analysing what people believe and relating this to both religious practices and philosophical/ethical questions. In other words, students were simply not encountering and engaging with many of the threshold concepts central to a secure understanding of religion and belief. This led the research team to engage in further conversation with teachers, academics, RE advisers and RE consultants on the key disciplines that contribute to RE, with a view to exploring these as a mechanism for curriculum design. A multidisciplinary subject Unlike many other school subjects, RE is multidisciplinary in nature. This can be highlighted by considering the jurney a student may take from school to university. If a student has a passion for maths, it is likely that they will pursue a degree in maths. Similarly, if a student decides to follow their interest in history at university level, it is likely that their degree course will have ‘history’ in the title. The same cannot be said about RE: RE as a school subject has no direct equivalent at higher education level. Students of RE tend to go on to study one of three key disciplinary areas, which necessarily contain a degree of confluence and interrelation – theology, philosophy and the human/social sciences (an umbrella term for a collection of subjects that explore what it means to be human, e.g. sociology, psychology, anthropology). Although many universities contain departments in religious studies, this disciplinary area does not necessarily have parity with religious studies courses at GCSE and A-level, nor with religious education from Early Years Foundation Stage to Key Stage 3. For the purposes of this research, we understood religious studies as a disciplinary area that sits within the human/social sciences category. Whilst both philosophy (i.e. asking ‘big questions’, exploring issues of morality, etc.) and the human/social sciences (i.e. exploring how religion and belief impact on the ways in which humans live and interact with each other) seem to have a place on the RE curriculum in schools, the research team identified that the sorts of critical analysis of beliefs and believing to be found in university theology departments did not have a clear equivalent in schools. As such, we set out to create definitions of these three disciplinary areas that related to the context of the classroom: This is about believing. It looks at where beliefs come from, how they have changed over time, how they are applied differently in different contexts and how they relate to each other. Imagine teaching a Key Stage 2 lesson on evacuation in World War 2. You present your students with an excerpt from Michelle Magorian’s Goodnight Mister Tom. You ask students to copy out the paragraph, draw a border around it and then rewrite it in their own words. This would be a lesson with minimal impact. Instead, it is likely that the teacher will ask students to analyse and interpret this text in age-appropriate ways: ask who wrote it, when and why; ask what is happening in the passage; consider what may have come before and what will come next; reflect on how reading the passage makes them feel; think about how others may interpret it differently, and so on. Now imagine a Key Stage 2 lesson on the Ten Commandments in RE. More often than not, students are asked to copy out the Ten Commandments and then produce their own ten commandments. A more appropriate lesson would ask similar analytical questions of the Ten Commandments: who wrote them? When? Why? What events preceded this? What do you think happened next? What do they actually say? How do you feel when you read them? How do you think others may feel or respond differently? Such deep critical analysis of these beliefs about God and human beings provide students with a much firmer foundation to then reflect on how they may be expressed in Jewish or Christian practice. They also provide students with a much stronger position from which to ask philosophical questions, such as, ‘Do you have to believe in God to be good? Human/social sciences This is about living. It explores the diverse ways in which people practise their beliefs. It engages with the impact of religion and belief on individuals, communities and societies. A key element of gaining secure religious literacy is the ability to understand the ways in which religion and belief impact on human living. This helps students to explore both the nature of religion itself and the diverse ways in which people understand the term ‘religion’. Crucially, it provides an opportunity for students to understand that religious communities are internally diverse. This is the difference between teaching students that ‘all Christians are baptised when they are babies in a ceremony involving a font, some water, a vicar, a candle and various promises’ and teaching them that someChristians are baptised as babies in this way, others as adults, others are baptised as adults in a special pool inside the church or are not baptised at all. Whilst it cannot be expected that all teachers are experts on this diversity, it is vital that teachers help students to understand that diversity exists. This ensures that students are avoiding the kinds of generalisation that can lead to stereotyping. It also means that they have the tools to counter any extreme or stereotyped views they may encounter beyond the classroom. This is about thinking. It is about finding out how and whether things make sense. It deals with questions of morality and ethics. It takes seriously the nature of reality, knowledge and existence. At the heart of the discipline of philosophy is a process of reasoning. Philosophy is as much about the process of how we try to seek knowledge and truth as it is about seeking answers to difficult questions. It uses dialogue, discussion and debate to refine the way in which we think about the world and our place in it. Philosophy contains three fields of enquiry that would be applicable to RE: metaphysics, logic and moral philosophy. Metaphysics considers the nature of the world around us, logic investigates our process of reasoning (the way we think about ourselves and the world around us) and moral philosophy considers the nature of good and evil. Students can explore these areas in age-appropriate ways throughout the RE curriculum. For example, a child in Reception class who has produced a picture of God as an old man could be asked why they think God is so old. Reasoning about what people believe and the ways in which that impacts on how they live is a key element of building secure religious literacy. It equips children and young people with the tools they need to critically engage with the views about religion and belief that they may encounter beyond the classroom, as well as helping them to understand that religion is, in fact, something that many people (believers and non-believers alike) think about very deeply. How might these disciplinary areas relate to an RE curriculum that functions effectively? We worked on the basis that an effective RE curriculum functions both proximally, ensuring that students have what they need to progress to the next stage of learning, and ultimately, ensuring that students develop secure religious literacy. Our research indicated that the key to an effective RE curriculum is to incorporate a balance between these three disciplinary areas. Where the RE curriculum incorporated a balance of ‘believing’, ‘living’ and ‘thinking’ across a unit of study, an academic year, a phase or a key stage, students were far more secure in their knowledge and understanding, were better able to connect threshold concepts, were more receptive to a diversity of views and were deeper thinkers; in other words, they were more religiously literate. Moreover, teachers felt more secure in their understanding of why RE belongs on the school curriculum and what good RE looks like. They were also more consciously aware of the need to think about how an RE curriculum is constructed in order to produce religiously literate students. The research process continues in conversation with a wide range of educationalists. The next stage is to develop a theoretical framework to scaffold the practical results that are already beginning to be seen in classrooms across the four participating dioceses, which cover 11 local authorities in England. What is clear is that a balanced disciplinary approach to designing an RE curriculum is providing more rigorous teaching and learning, which appropriately reflects the ‘multifaceted matrix of RE’ (Kueh, 2018). It can be applied across a variety of local RE syllabuses and pedagogical approaches, and can help to provide a clear and consistent approach to teaching RE. Like a rope of many strands, an RE curriculum that balances these three core disciplinary areas is stronger than the ‘multidisciplinary chaos’ (Chater and Erricker, 2012) experienced in classrooms around the country. With thanks to Jane Chipperton, Olivia Seymour and Dr Kathryn Wright, co-collaborators in this ongoing research. APPG (2013) RE: The truth unmasked. Available at: (accessed 2018). Chater M and Erricker C (2012) Does Religious Education Have a Future? Pedagogical and Policy Prospects. Oxford: Routledge. Counsell C (2018) Senior curriculum leadership 1: The indirect manifestation of knowledge: (A) curriculum as narrative. Available at: (accessed 2018). Kueh R (2018) Religious education and the ‘knowledge problem’. In: Chater M and Castelli M (eds) We Need to Talk about Religious Education: Manifestos for the Future of RE. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp. 53–69. Myatt M (2018) Curriculum: Gallimaufry or Coherence. Woodbridge: John Catt Educational Ltd. Ofsted (2013) Religious education: Realising the potential. Available at: (accessed 2018).
Zoom sessions are available due to COVID-19 Mental Health in Young People Summary Different Types of Anxirty Disorders Anxiety disorder affects people of all ages. It is the most common type of MH disorder in children. Anxiety is a sense of worry, fear and distress, when it interferes, with normal day to day activities then it is a concern. Separation anxiety disorder Intense fear of being separated from their key attachment figure, mostly the parent. Onset is before 6 years old. Children show excessive concern that their attachment figure may come to some harm, need to stay in touch either by email or phone, may want to sleep in the same bed or room. Physical symptoms Headaches, stomach aches, sickness, and vomiting. Causes: onset may be triggered by persistent frightening experiences i.e., living through war, emigrating or on-going parental conflict, death of a relative or illness, sometimes due to a overprotective parent, Social anxiety The disorder is rarer in children than adults, but it can occur. Repetitive behaviours are common in childhood, especially between the ages of 4 – 10 years, Obsessive thoughts are intrusive and inappropriate and cause considerable anxiety. The child may feel that they have little control over these thoughts. Treatment OCD is treated using behavioural therapy techniques. GAD It is perfectly normal to been anxious such as exams, starting a new job school/job Social phobia Panic disorder Is an anxiety disorder that causes intense fear in situations where it may be hard to escape, such as on a bus or train or if help is not available if they have a panic attack. School Refusal/school phobia
Why should you have a Power of Attorney executed now? If your Non-English-speaking parents live in the United States or are planning on an extended visit, they will need someone they trust to be appointed as their Agent in order to act and speak on their behalf. The lack of proficiency in English can create significant barriers when conducting everyday financial and healthcare affairs. Most financial documents are available only in English and individuals with limited English proficiency can face challenges completing account applications, understanding contracts, and resolving problems, such as erroneous bills. They also face challenges when making appointments with their healthcare providers or understanding what their doctors are telling them. In the United States, if a person is unable to handle their own financial affairs and/or healthcare needs, a court order granting Conservatorship/Guardianship is required. However, a court proceeding can be avoided through proper planning. One way to do that is by having a well-drafted Power of Attorney in place. A Durable Power of Attorney delegates to an agent the power to make financial transactions and healthcare decisions on behalf of an individual if he/she is unable to do so themselves. These transactions are not subject to court review. Powers of attorney can cover almost any decisions your parents would have to make: financial deals, gifts, assets management, health care, treatment, etc.… Setting up a power of attorney is fairly simple, and it can save you from future complications. What is a Power of Attorney? A power of attorney is a document, signed by a competent adult called “the principal,” that grants a trusted individual the power to make decisions on their behalf if the principal is unable to. The person designated to act in the principal’s best interest is called “the Agent.” It is the Agent’s job to make sure the principal is well cared for. There are two types of Power of Attorneys. One is a Durable Power of Attorney which grants an Agent the power to make financial and legal decisions on behalf of the Principal. The second is a Healthcare Power of Attorney which allows the Agent to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the Principal. The Healthcare Agent can also have access to medical records and bills of the Principal. The same Agent can be designated as the Healthcare Agent and the Financial Agent, however, it is not required that they be the same person. Being your parent’s child does not automatically give you the power to act and speak on their behalf. You need the legal right to manage their financial affairs and healthcare needs. A Power of Attorney must be signed in front of a notary and two uninterested witnesses. Your parent/loved one must be competent and understand what they are signing in order for the Power of Attorney to be legitimate. What Can an Agent do on behalf of the Principal? A healthcare agent can decide: • What medical care the principal receives, including hospital care, surgery, psychiatric treatment, home health care, etc. (These choices are dependent on the financial means of the principal and the approval of their financial agent.) • Which doctors and care providers the principal uses. • What the principal eats. • Who bathes the principal. A financial agent can: • Access the principal’s financial accounts to pay for health care, housing needs and other bills. • File taxes on behalf of the principal. • Make investment decisions on behalf of the principal. • Collect the principal’s debts. • Manage the principal’s property. • Apply for public benefits for the principal, such as Medicaid, veterans benefits, etc. Power of Attorney documents are necessary for everyone and this is especially true for those who cannot act on their own behalf. Having someone they trust to make these types of decisions gives everyone peace of mind. The time to execute a power of attorney is now. One should not wait until a crisis occurs before planning. At Mid-America Law Practice, LLC we are sensitive to the needs of the immigrant population. We understand the difficulties non-English speakers face everyday and how to plan ahead. We also have an Arabic speaking Attorney and an Urdu speaking attorney in our office.
Is Baby Oil considered mineral oil? What is the difference between baby oil and mineral oil? Mineral oil is a hydrocarbon compound also known as paraffin oil, liquid petrolatum, white mineral oil and Nujol. The only difference between baby oil and mineral oil in general is that baby oil has added fragrance. What can be used in place of mineral oil? Examples include coconut oil, shea butter and olive oil. Hewett says to specifically look for oils with larger molecules that don’t penetrate the skin easily to replicate the effect of mineral oil. They include castor oil, avocado oil and grapeseed oil. What are the side effects of mineral oil? What Are Side Effects Associated with Using Mineral Oil? • Lipid pneumonitis if ingested in reclined body position. • Fecal incontinence. • Intestinal malabsorption. • Impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. • Rectal discharge of mineral oil. • Anal itching and irritation. • Abdominal cramps. • Nausea. IT IS INTERESTING: Why is my toddler afraid of the vacuum? Is Vaseline a mineral oil? Is coconut oil considered a mineral oil? Conclusion: Coconut oil is as effective and safe as mineral oil when used as a moisturizer. Can you use vegetable oil instead of mineral oil? Can you use olive oil instead of mineral oil for cutting board? You should not use any type of cooking oil on your board, such as olive oil, vegetable oil, or regular coconut oil, because they will go rancid. Also keep in mind that excess moisture is bad for wood. What is the difference between mineral oil and vegetable oil? Vegetable oils are all those oils that are derived from plant products like seeds, nuts and fruits. … Mineral oils are petroleum based hydrocarbons that are derived by distillation of crude oil. These are usually by-products of crude oil refining process while extracting gasoline and other petroleum products. Is olive oil a mineral oil? Olive oil does not contain any minerals, but it is a good source of vitamin E. Is mineral oil safe to eat? When taken with meals, ingesting mineral oil can interfere with the absorption of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. It can also interfere with the absorption of vitamins, particularly the fat-soluble ones, like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. IT IS INTERESTING: What does a 4 month old wear swimming? Is mineral oil poisonous? Mineral oil is not very poisonous, and recovery is likely. How well someone does depends on the amount of mineral oil swallowed and how quickly treatment is received. The faster medical help is given, the better the chance is for recovery. The outcome may be poor if the oil enters the lungs. Is Johnson’s baby oil good for adults? Baby oil is a popular skin care product originally made for use on babies, but it’s also used by adults. It can help plump, smooth, and moisturize skin by sealing in moisture on the face and all over the body. Though it’s a synthetic oil, it’s fairly gentle and rarely causes allergic reactions. Small miracle
Image resolution and human perception Sometimes we view a poster or picture from afar and are amazed at the level of detail, or the crispness of the features, yet viewed from up close this just isn’t the case. Is this a trick of the eye? It has to do with the resolving power of the eye. Images, whether they are analog photographs, digital prints, or paintings, can contain many different things. There are geometric patterns, shapes, colours – everything needed in order to perceive the contents of the image (or in the case of some abstract art, not perceive it). Now as we have mentioned before, the sharpest resolution in the human eye occurs in the fovea, which represents about 1% of the eyes visual field – not exactly a lot. The rest of the visual field until the peripheral vision has progressively less ability to discern sharpness. Of course the human visual system does form a picture, because the brain is able to use visual memory to form a mental model of the world as you move around. Fig.1: A photograph of a photograph stitched together (photographed at The Rooms, St.John’s, NFLD). . Image resolution plays a role in our perception of images. The human eye is only able to resolve a certain amount of resolution based on viewing distance. There is actually an equation used to calculate this: 2/(0.000291×distance(inches)). A normal human eye (i.e. 20-20 vision) can distinguish patterns of alternating black and white lines with a feature size as small as one minute of an arc, i.e. 1/60 degree or π/(60*180) = 0.000291 radians. So if a poster were viewed from a distance of 6 feet, the resolution capable of being resolved by the eye is 95 PPI. That’s why the poster in Fig.1, comprised of various separate photographs stitched together (digitally) to form a large image, appears crisp from that distance. It could be printed at 100 DPI, and still look good from that distance. Up close though it is a different story, as many of the edge features are quiet soft, and lack the sharpness expected from the “distant” viewing. The reality it that the poster could be printed at 300 DPI, but viewed from the same distance of 6 feet, it is unlikely the human eye could discern any more detail. It would only be useful if the viewer comes closer, however coming closer then means you may not be able to view the entire scene. Billboards offer another a good example. Billboards are viewed from anywhere from 500-2500 feet away. At 573ft, the human eye can discern 1.0 PPI, at 2500ft it would be 0.23 PPI (it would take 16 in2 to represent 1 pixel). So the images used for billboards don’t need to have a very high resolution. Fig.2: Blurry details up close Human perception is then linked to the resolving power of the eye. Resolving power is the ability of the eye to distinguish between very small objects that are very close together. To illustrate this further, consider the images shown in Fig.3. They have been extracted from a digital scan of a vintage brochure taken at various enlargement scales. When viewing the brochure it is impossible to see the dots associated with the printing process, because they are too small to discern (and that’s the point). The original, viewed on the screen is shown in Fig.3D. Even in Fig.3C it is challenging to see the dot pattern that makes up the print. In both Fig.3A and 3B, the dot pattern can be identified. It is no different with any picture. But looking at the picture close up, the perception of the picture is one of blocky, dot matrix, not the continuous image which exists when viewed from afar. Fig.3: Resolving detail Note that this is an exaggerated example, as the human eye does not have the discerning power to view the dots of the printing process without assistance. If the image were blown up to poster size however, a viewer would be able to discern the printing pattern. Many vintage photographs, such as the vacation pictures sold in 10-12 photo sets work on the same principle. When provided as a 9cm×6cm black-and-white photograph, they seem to show good detail when viewed from 16-24 inches away. However when viewed through a magnifying glass, or enlarged post-digitization, they lack the same sharpness as viewed from afar. Note that 20-20 vision is based on the 20ft distance from the patient to the acuity chart when taking an eye exam. Outside of North America, the distance is normally 6 metres, and so 20-20 = 6-6. A ballad of the senses When you’re an infant those memories made aren’t really that accessible when you get older. That’s because humans generally suffer from something scientists term infant amnesia. Something to do with rapid neuron growth disrupting the brain circuitry that stores old memories, making them inaccessible (they are not lost, but tucked away). Of course you don’t want to remember everything that happens in life… that would clog our brains with a bunch of nothingness. But we all have selective memories from infancy which we can visualize when they are triggered. For me there are but a couple, and they are usually triggered by an associative sense. The first is the earthy smell of a cellar, which triggers fleeting memories of childhood times at my grandmothers house in Switzerland. The second is also of the same time and place – the deep smell of wild raspberries. These memories are triggered by olfactory senses, making the visual, however latent, emerge even if for a brief moment. It is no different to the other associations we make between vision, smell, and taste. Dragonfruit is a beautiful looking tropical fruit, but it can have a bitter/tart taste. Some of these associations have helped us survive over the millennia. Raspberries on a bush. Mmmm… raspberries… but you can’t smell them, or taste the ethyl formate (the chemical partially responsible for their flavour) It makes you wonder then if these sense-experiences don’t allow us to better retain memories. If you travel to somewhere like Iceland, and take a picture of a geyser, you may also smell faint wisps of sulphur. There is now an association between a photograph of geyser, and physically experiencing it. The same could be said of the salty Atlantic air of Iles de la Madeleine, or the resinous smell of walking through a pine forest. Memory associations. Or maybe an Instagram of a delicious ice cream from Bang Bang ice-cream. Again an association. But how many of the photos we view lack context because we don’t have an association between the visual, and information gathered from our other senses. You can view a picture of the ice cream on Instagram, but you won’t know what it tastes or smells like, and therefore the picture only provides half the experience.
What are the skills required for front end developer? What is front end in programming? The front end, also called “client-side” programming, is what happens in the browser. It’s everything the user sees and interacts with. The back end, also called “server-side” programming, happens on the server and the database. Which is better backend or frontend? What is the best front end for Python? Popular Python frameworks 2020Django. Django, a free and open-source Python framework, enables developers to develop complex code and apps quickly. CherryPy. CherryPy, almost ten years old now, has proved to be exceptionally quick and stable. Pyramid. Grok. TurboGears. Web2Py. Flask. Bottle. Is jquery front end or backend? As code of bootstrap and jquery majorly executed at client end so also responsible for style and look and feel of the UI. Mostly every application is being developed on two platforms i.e backend and frontend in which backend is developed by high level language such as JAVA,DOT NET etc. Is .NET front end or backend? Is MVC front end or backend? What are the front end tools? 11 Essential Front End Web Development ToolsAtom.Git.HTML5 Boilerplate.Google Fonts.Bootstrap.Less.jQuery.Vue. js.
Now Reading Using Dharma in Our Fight Against COVID-19 and Climate Change Using Dharma in Our Fight Against COVID-19 and Climate Change Firefighters try to extinguish forest fires at Sebangau National Park Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia, September 2019. Photo: Reuters/Willy Kurniawan. A recent article in the European Heart Journal cites lessons from the Bhagavad Gita for healthcare workers in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors use the examples of Arjuna as the healthcare worker, and the Kurukshetra battlefield as the hospital. Arjuna is confused over his role in the fight – the metaphorical battlefield is already fraught with chaos and misinformation. The principle of dharma, the inherent order of reality nurtured by right thought and action, is invoked by Krishna, the embodiment of dharma. For the healthcare worker, this involves developing a sense of purpose to do what is right and not become paralysed by the outcome. Many Indians have identified with the philosophy and moral principles of the Bhagavad Gita as a guide to daily living. The Mahabharata’s expositions on the relationship between human and nature eerily mirror the fraught relationship that has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. One view of the Mahabharata war is that it was, in essence, a property dispute between royal families that resulted in many deaths and possible destruction of the environment and ecology, as many wars are wont to do. Even before the war, the Pandava clan burnt the forest of Khandava-prastha along with many forest creatures to build their city of Indraprastha. The residents of the forest, the Naga, did not forgive them and their descendants for the destruction of their habitat. There is a description of a snake sacrifice in the Adi Parva. Emperor Janamejaya, a descendent of the Pandavas, bore a grudge against serpents because his father Parikshit had died of snakebite. He decided to wipe out snakes by performing a sacrifice. The origin of the snake sacrifice is tied to the destruction of the Khandava forest by the Pandava, the ancestors of Janamejaya. Another episode in the Adi Parva narrates how King Sambarana neglected his administrative duties, causing displeasure to the rain god Indra who then caused a drought in his kingdom. The COVID-19 pandemic may also be seen as a property dispute, between human beings and their environment. The human race has destroyed the environment by appropriating ecological areas for their own profit. Such appropriation has resulted in a disturbance of the ecological equilibrium and resulted in the exposure of humans to viruses such as Ebola and the novel coronavirus, which were previously sequestered in animals. The disequilibrium caused by these exposures has resulted in huge losses to lives and economy. Jane Goodall notes that the health of people, animals and the environment are intimately connected. She note that wildlife trafficking, the production of animal-based medicines, factory farming, and the destruction of critical habitats all can create enabling conditions for viruses to spill over from their animal hosts into humans. Vast, and accelerating, extraction of fossil fuels and natural resources to power the world’s wants is destroying natural habitats and driving wildlife to extinction. The use and disposal of these resources has polluted our air, water and soil with toxic elements, particulate matter and carbon. The latter is driving the climate crisis. Pollution, in turn, is posing escalating threats to humans and wildlife. In short, damage due to profligate resource extraction is being exacerbated by the consequences of their use and disposal. Climate change has amplified extreme climatic events: heat waves directly increase morbidity and mortality among both humans and wildlife – and indirectly affect crops, increase the intensity of droughts and make wildfires ever more frequent and intense. Destabilised rainfall is manifesting in a greater fraction of short intense rainfall events separated by lengthening dry spells, both of which are decreasing fresh water availability. While this is bad news for each individual event, the effects are worse when compounded. The effects of longer, more intense summer heat waves followed more often by an erratic monsoon are far graver than each alone. These are merely two of the manifestations of anthropogenic climate change. In addition, sea level rise threatens to increase groundwater salinity in coastal regions, ocean acidification killing corals and marine life, expanding ocean dead zones because of changes in ocean circulation, and much more. Environmental changes have far outpaced the rate of evolutionary change. While humans may be adaptable, wildlife is much less so. And eventually, their loss becomes our loss. The conflict between human beings and their environment is exemplified by climate change, the long-term impacts of which lead to devastating effects on human beings. One of these is the concern that conditions have become conducive for the spread of infectious diseases. For example, floods create conducive environments for numerous health consequences resulting from disease transmission. Floodwaters contaminated with human or animal waste can increase the rate of faecal-oral disease transmission, allowing diarrhoeal disease and other bacterial and viral illnesses to flourish. Faecal-oral transmission of diseases is of particular concern in regions such as South Asia because of limited access to clean water and sanitation. Melting ice sheets and thawing permafrost because of accelerated rates of warming in high latitudes may release long-latent viruses and bacteria that modern civilisation has no experience with, and consequently, no natural resistance to. It is tempting to think Mother Nature is sending us a warning to clean up our act in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature, however, has evolved as a random series of events with no specific agency, which has resulted in the formation and sustenance of life. But human beings do try to see order and organisation in life and the real dharma in this age and environment is to recognise that we have disrupted nature and put the environment and ecology at risk. As an example from the Mahabharata, Krishna argues for the creation of an efficient administration to look after forests, and setting up of wildlife reserves and sanctuaries. It is in our best interests to take inspiration from examples such as these by finding alternative ways of living that do not involve the exploitation of nature and animals. And who should be the leaders of such a ‘dharmayuddha’? Naturally, it would be the young people of Greta Thunberg’s generation. They have the most to lose. Dr Ramana Dhara is a professor at the Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, and a member of the International Medical Commission on Bhopal. Scroll To Top
sentry tire Our Different Tire Tread Patterns May 15, 2021 Why are there different types of tread patterns? Tread patterns are designed to maximize the tire’s life within the application the machine will be operating. For example, the most common tread type you will see for heavy industrial equipment will be a “chevron” type tread. The biggest reason is most of the equipment will be working in dirt or areas where there are no smooth surfaces. Tire grip would be the primary consideration for this type of tread pattern. However, that same tread pattern will not be ideal for an indoor “concrete” type application. In an indoor operation, you have fewer of the “elements”; therefore, grip is not the primary consideration. In this setting, tire wear would be the primary consideration; thus, a semi-smooth or smooth tire would be ideal for this type of application. Sentry Tire has over 10 types of tread patterns to choose from. All of these patterns are built using computer modeling and simulation. A sample is made and tested in the field, and the data collected is reviewed before mass production. Related Sentry News
Risk analysis in regulation impact statements July 2014 Government regulation rarely deals with certainties, and is often designed to reduce the likelihood of harmful or hazardous events occurring. Examples include regulation to:  reduce the incidence of workplace accidents  reduce public health hazards (for example, food standards)  reduce risks from faulty consumer products (for example, product safety standards)  reduce the risk of financial institution failure  reduce the risk of terrorist attacks. The Australian Government Guide to Regulation discusses the importance of keeping risk in perspective. risk. An effective approach to the analysis of risks requires you to develop a thorough understanding of the nature of the risks. This can be achieved by soundly applying risk analysis and economic evaluation Given the importance of keeping risk in perspective, the purpose of this guidance note is to advise you on how you can approach the evaluation of regulation aimed at managing risks in Regulation Impact Statements Defining risk and uncertainty When talking about risk, a distinction is often made between the terms ‘risk’ and ‘uncertainty’. Risk usually refers to situations in which the likelihood of a hazardous event occurring is reasonably well known and can be reasonably estimated. Uncertainty refers to a situation in which the likelihood of a hazardous event occurring cannot be reasonably (or reliably) estimated. In practice, this distinction is often difficult to draw because, while probabilities can usually be assigned to most events, there is seldom complete certainty about the size of all risks. Even when a risk can be quantified with some level of certainty, there will be uncertainty associated with the measure of risk. Risk analysis is an important part of the Government’s RIS requirements and, where relevant, must be incorporated into RISs. The purpose of risk analysis in a RIS is to shed light on sources of uncertainty about the possible impacts of proposed regulation on outcomes. Risk analysis should not be seen as a distinct step in the RIS process but should be considered throughout each step of the RIS process, with particular emphasis on defining the problem and considering the impacts. Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements What is the policy problem you are trying to solve? As discussed in the Australian Government Guide to Regulation, RIS question 1 should clearly define the problem you are trying to solve and demonstrate why it is a problem. In the case of regulation aiming to mitigate risks or reduce harms, the problem definition should identify the underlying cause of the problem, its seriousness and your capacity to deal with it. The RIS should clearly identify whether there is a case for government intervention. This means that the RIS should contain relevant information on the likelihood of the risk as well as the consequences of the risk (discussed below). The problem section should also clearly identify who bears the risk and highlight how the risk is currently being dealt with. Actual versus subjective risks The RIS should focus on objective risks rather than ‘perceived’ risks. Perceptions about risk can be founded on bias and misinformation about the true magnitude and severity of risks (Viscusi et al. 1995). Individuals can often perceive a risk (or harm) to be much greater than it actually is—especially when there is a lack of information about the risk or strong perceptions about the size of the risk. To avoid this error, you should focus on evidence about actual risks and seek to quantify the actual risk. Perceptions about risk, however, should not be entirely overlooked. If there is inadequate information about a risk, or public misperception about a risk, that may call for government action to reduce the degree of misperception about the risk. For example, there is often considerable public misperception about many health risks (such as the risks of sun exposure and risks associated with binge drinking). A possible response would be to inform the public through appropriate campaigns aimed at reducing the extent of Likelihood versus consequences The size of a risk is usually characterised by the likelihood of an event occurring (that is, the probability of the adverse event or harm occurring), and the consequences should the event occur. Measuring risk can be a difficult task but can be achieved using reliable sources of information. Quantifying the magnitude of the risk is an important first step because it will inform the assessment of the likely net benefit of each regulatory option (and cost–benefit analysis) at a later stage of the RIS process. Sources of information to identify the likelihood and consequences of risks include:  accident and incident data (such as fatality rates and incidence statistics)  coroners’ reports  actuarial estimates  medical research data (such as medical studies and epidemiological studies)  expert panel surveys  targeted surveys. You can use information from these sources to inform stakeholders and decision makers about all the relevant facts so that they can make an informed decision. When using data from secondary sources as evidence, it is important to ensure that the estimates used appropriately characterise the risk associated with the problem being considered. Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements Where perceived risks are deemed important, the RIS should also inform stakeholders about general risk Some risks, however, will be very difficult to quantify; in these cases, sound qualitative assessments can be used to supplement quantitative analysis. Discuss the size of the risk by reference to the likelihood of the event occurring and the consequences of the occurrence. This assessment may be supported by a discussion of the factors that contribute to the likelihood of the risk and by reference to the impacts of similar events occurring in Australia or overseas. The nature of the risk The RIS should describe the nature of the risk and the adverse outcomes that could eventuate in the absence of government action. Is it a risk that is straightforward to estimate (actuarial-type risks) or is the risk characterised by random events (such as flood, earthquake or terrorist attack)? The evaluation and analysis should consider whether there is a long delay between an adverse event and the consequences (latent risks). The adverse consequences associated with climate change, for example, will occur gradually over time. This means that the impacts of the associated consequences of climate change will most likely happen slowly over time. Some risks, such as the risk of terrorism, tornados, floods and some disease outbreaks, are characterised by random events that occur instantaneously and may require a rapid response to deal with the impacts. However, other risks can be easily characterised because their occurrence is more easily observable (such as risk of damage to property, risks due to fires, risk of death due to car accidents). Who bears the risk? The RIS should discuss which groups will bear the consequences if an adverse event occurs (that is, the parties affected). The distribution of the risk may have important consequences for efficiency (some parties may be able to bear the risk at lower cost than other parties) and equity (it may be more socially acceptable for some parties to bear risk than others). The RIS should outline whether the distribution of risk is an important consideration. What is the likely net benefit of each option? As discussed in the Guide to Regulation, RIS question 4 should clearly assess the likely net benefit of each regulatory option. This section of the RIS should give the decision maker a fair and balanced assessment of the costs and benefits of each option. This means that you should assess the economic, social and environmental costs and benefits as well as how those costs and benefits are likely to be distributed. Assess the impact of the proposal on risk You need to appropriately examine the impact of each option identified to manage the risk. Your impact analysis should clearly spell out how each option will affect the size and distribution of the risk. For each option being considered, this involves answering the following questions:  Will the option reduce the size of the risk (for example, using standards or providing information)?  Will the option remove the risk altogether (such as by banning certain activities or products)?  Will the option transfer risk from one party to another (for example, through mandatory insurance)? Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements A proposal may aim to reduce risks by imposing specific standards, such as food standards or product quality standards, to improve product quality. In some instances, the proposal might aim to mitigate risk by directly banning activities, such as cigarette smoking in vehicles or certain public spaces. Actions can also be proposed to transfer or redistribute risks (for example, bank deposit guarantee schemes). You should analyse each option clearly in the light of its impact on risk reduction, transfer or elimination, and in terms of its impacts on all those affected (consumers, producers, governments and regulators). Quantify the risk Quantify the risks as far as possible.1 The RIS should consider whether the reduction in risk resulting from the proposed regulation has an economic benefit that will be felt in the community. This means that the RIS should contain your detailed assessment of the size of the actual risk. The analysis should be based on existing sources of relevant evidence about risks or based on specific studies to uncover the size and magnitude of the risk. The analysis in this section of the RIS will flow directly from the analysis given in the problem section of the RIS. To apply cost–benefit analysis (CBA), you will need to be informed about:  the likelihood of the risk (an estimate of the actual risk)  the impact of the proposed regulation on probable future risk. The latter will require that you make forecasts about how the proposed regulation or option will affect the future size and magnitude of the risk. How are risks and hazards measured in practice? Risks and hazards are often measured by the ‘rate’ or ‘average number of occurrences’ for an event of interest per 100,000 persons per period of time. For example, the expected annual number of cases of salmonellosis from seed sprout consumption in Australia was estimated at 924.2 persons per year (Table 1). Take care to ensure that all estimates used are reasonable estimates of the probability of the actual hazards that you are evaluating. Consult data from different sources to compare and contrast estimates if such data is Decision makers can use evidence on risks and hazards to assist them to prioritise their responses. Understanding the level of risk is important for the impact assessment. For meaningful impact analysis, it is important to understand and form expectations about how each option will reduce risks into the future. Any administrative, substantive compliance and delay costs must be quantified. For further information on these requirements, see the Regulatory Burden Measurement framework guidance note at http://www.dpmc.gov.au/deregulation/obpr/reportingpublications/publications/guidance/docs/005_Regulatory_Burden_Measurement_Framework.pdf. All other costs must be quantified where possible. Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements Table 1: Expected annual cases of salmonellosis from seed sprout consumption in Australia Annual cases of salmonellosis in Expected % of cases associated with seed sprout Potential number of cases in the Probability of number of cases in that year (pj) number of C = (A×B) E = (C × D) (n0) 630.4 (n1) 277.4 (n2) 1,403.7 (n3) 4,202.8 Total (N) Note: The number 84,056 is based on the number of attributed cases for 2010 (12,008) in the NNDSS 2010 summary on the Department of Health website (http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/nndss-fortnightly-summary-notes2010) multiplied by 7 as per the recommendation of Hall et al. (2006) to take into account the level of underreporting. Source: Proposal P1004—Primary Production and Processing Standard for Seed Sprouts Regulation Impact Statement, Food Standards Australia New Zealand. What if risks cannot be quantified? When sound quantitative evidence is not available, qualitative discussion based on sound qualitative evidence can also be used to inform the RIS. However, you should attempt to quantify all risks as far as possible, noting that regulatory costs must be quantified in line with the Regulatory Burden Measurement framework. When risks cannot be quantified, various approaches can be used to analyse their potential size and impact. Qualitative tools for risk analysis include:  using opinions based on expert panels  using a risk categorisation matrix (prioritising or categorising according to informed judgements about likelihood and severity)  comparative analysis (for example, comparing the effectiveness of risk management approaches across different jurisdictions). Assess the impact of each option by applying cost–benefit analysis Decisions about risk management strategies should be informed by consideration of the costs and benefits of regulation. Risk management strategies will impose costs and benefits on members of society and hence will support different efficiency and distributional outcomes. In practical CBA, your aim is to quantify who will be affected by the regulation and by how much. The key objective is to assess alternative risk management options in terms of their relative efficiency outcomes. This means quantifying all costs and benefits associated with a risk management strategy. You should also consider distributional impacts. Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements Consider potential unintended consequences of each option Risk management policies can sometimes elicit adverse changes in the behaviour of economic agents (consumers, suppliers and other actors in the economy). In particular, agents may engage in riskier behaviour if they face a reduced likelihood of adverse consequences of that behaviour or if the consequences are borne by another party. This is known as the moral hazard problem. For example, proposals aimed at guaranteeing bank deposits may elicit excessive risk-taking behaviour by financial institutions, which increases the probability of financial loss (Davis 2004). Similarly, care should be taken in designing regulatory penalty regimes. The effectiveness of regulatory penalties will depend not just on the quantum of the penalty, but also on the extent to which individuals perceive that they are at risk of detection and enforcement action. The deterrence value of the penalty, in turn, can be influenced by relevant social norms; the timeliness and salience of sanctions; and the extent to which individuals or businesses can understand the law. The effectiveness of a given penalty may vary from one person to the next. When evaluating the impact of government intervention, it is important to consider the potential undesirable consequences on the behaviour of all stakeholders affected. This can be taken into account by applying sensitivity analysis within the CBA framework. Dealing with uncertainty in risk analysis Many risks are uncertain, which means that their size can be difficult to quantify in practice. In such cases, you can take uncertainty into account by applying sensitivity analysis to your main assumptions. Various quantitative techniques could be useful where the probability distribution of risk is known. Where it is unknown, sensitivity analysis based on ‘best case’ and ‘worst case’ scenarios can be used. When the analysis of the risks and/or uncertainty is not possible, the RIS should include a qualitative discussion about sources of uncertainty of the risk, and how this might affect the likely outcomes of the policy. Tools for dealing with uncertainty Uncertainty in CBA can be taken into account by using various quantitative tools and techniques. Boardman et al. (2006) provide a comprehensive account of different techniques that can be applied to deal with it, including the following:  Sensitivity analysis can be used when there is considerable uncertainty about the values of key variables used in CBA. When used in combination with probabilistic modelling, sensitivity analysis can provide a powerful tool to gain useful insights into the basis of ‘worst’ and ‘best’ case outcomes. It is often applied to assess the impact of changes in a key variable (a single parameter) on the net benefit estimate. Sensitivity analysis can also be used to check the overall robustness of the CBA results for changes in globally sensitive assumptions (such as cost and benefit estimates and risk estimates).  Probabilistic modelling can be applied to gain useful insights into the statistical distribution of uncertain variables used in CBA. Monte Carlo analysis can be used to evaluate the effects of changing various assumptions in the CBA and assess the impact on net benefit estimates. This method allows analysts to estimate the degree of ‘variation’ associated with key CBA parameters simultaneously and assess the impact on key CBA results. The wide use of computers has made this approach more accessible to nontechnical practitioners of CBA. Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements How will you implement and evaluate your chosen option? As discussed in the Guide to Regulation (RIS question 7), given that many risks are uncertain (that is, the likelihood of them occurring is poorly known) and there is the potential for unintended consequences, it is important for the RIS to contain a detailed discussion of the policy implementation and evaluation plan. Implementation plan In the implementation plan section you identify implementation challenges, timeframes and project phases. Your discussion should identify key risks and threats to success that could prevent the effective delivery and implementation of the proposed regulation or other option. These factors may include resource requirements, information gaps, administrative and compliance issues, and enforcement requirements. A risk management strategy should be developed and maintained in conjunction with stakeholders. Evaluation plan The RIS should highlight the key details of how the selected option will be evaluated during and after implementation. This is particularly important where there is uncertainty about the risks involved because the optimal strategy may change as new information is gathered. The RIS should identify the most important information gaps and highlight how they will be overcome. Boardman, E.A., Greenberg, D.H., Vining, A.R. and Weimer, D.L. 2010, Cost–benefit analysis: concepts and practice, 4th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Davis, K., 2004, Study of financial system guarantees, The Treasury. Hall G., Raupach J. and Yohannes K. 2006, An estimate of under-reporting of food-borne notifiable diseases, NCEPH Working Paper Number 52, February 2006 Henley, G. and Harrison, J. 2009, Injuries deaths: Australia 2004–2005, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, September. Viscusi W.K., Veron J.M., and Harrington J.E. Jr., 1997, Economics of regulation and antitrust, MIT Press, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 2012, Proposal P1004—Primary Production and Processing Standard for Seed Sprouts Regulation Impact Statement. Risk analysis in Regulation Impact Statements
australian shepherd puppies with tails \| Topdeblogs If you’re just looking into Australian Shepherds, you’ve probably spent countless hours looking at adorable pictures. As you may have noticed, some Aussies have tails while others don’t. Confusing, right? Many newbies always ask the question: do Australian Shepherds have tails? Many Australian Shepherds are bobtailed dogs with no tails, while others do have tails. And despite popular belief, the Aussies without tails are not always docked – like with the Pembroke Welsh Corgi. In fact, 1 in 5 Australian Shepherd puppies are born without a tail. Now that we know Aussies both have tails and don’t, let’s dive into why this is the case. RECOMMENDED: The Dog Owner’s Guide to Australian Shepherds Statistics of Bobtailed Australian Shepherds Roughly one in five Australian Shepherds will have a natural bobtail, meaning they were born without a tail. However, many owners decide to cut their tails for aesthetic purposes or to comply with the “standard.” So, not all tail-less Aussies have a naturally bobbed tail. For dogs with tails, the length can vary considerably depending on the dog and bloodline. However, for the Australian Shepherd, the number of vertebrae should vary by just one or two. A normal Australian Shepherd’s tail will taper, with the vertebrae getting smaller as it reaches the end of the tail. But with a bobtailed Aussie, a lot of the end vertebrae will be missing. Without the tapering effect, this creates a blunt-like tail. According to an ASHGI data survey in 2010, roughly 47% of naturally bobtailed Aussies have tails a quarter length or longer. In addition, 10% of these dogs had a kink in their tails (curved tail). Why Are Most Aussies Tail-less? Most Aussies get their tails docked within three days post-birth. There are a lot of reasons for this process, but there are two main reasons. First, a lot of Australian Shepherds born with a tail have a blunt tail without any tapering. It doesn’t look aesthetic because its not a normal looking dog tail. In many cases, it looks as if the dog’s tail was cut halfway. The second most common reason is that there is a kink in the tail – or rather, a curve. These kinked tails are viewed as a malformed tail among Australian Shepherds. In other words, curved tails are not desired by dog owners. The Bobtail Gene As mentioned, roughly 20% of all Australian Shepherds are born naturally bobtailed. This specific gene to cause the genetic mutation is what’s called an “incomplete dominant gene.” It works similar to how Australian Shepherds come in merle colored coats. Aussie puppies only need one copy of this gene to be born with a naturally bobbed tail. Puppies with two copies of this gene can put them in a fatal situation. They typically don’t make it. The bobtail gene, otherwise known in the scientific world as the T gene mutation C189G, can determine whether a puppy is bobtailed, but doesn’t determine the length of the tails. Even bobtailed Aussies can vary in length of their stub tails. In addition, the gene doesn’t determine whether the tail is straight or curved. All the other traits are controlled by other genes or the bloodline DNA. Why Breeders Cut Tails Instead Since knowledge of how Australian Shepherds are born without tails is available, one question come to mind. Why don’t breeders breed natural bobtailed Aussies instead of cutting them off? Breeding specifically for the bobtails in Aussies is a complicated process. In fact, most of the time, it’ll likely result in dead puppies. And no one wants that, let alone breeders that need to sell puppies. On top of dead puppies, there are a number of complications that may arise. One, for example, is spina bifida. This mutation is when the tail/anus area fails to properly develop. It’s truly a terrible sight to see and almost all the dogs with this mutation don’t make it. If you want to learn more about spina bifida or other problems that come with breeding bobtails, you can read about it here. Just be warned if you try looking up images of this mutation. Limited Gene Pool Another big reason why breeders don’t specifically breed bobtailed Aussies is because of the potential negative effects on the gene pool. By doing so, you’d be limiting the variety of different genes in the pool. There are only so many Australian Shepherds in this country actively being bred. A more selective process can mean producing a less robust Aussie. And although it’s possible to breed for natural bobtail dogs, it’s impossible to breed for a specific length. Bobtail dogs do have stub tails and often times they’re not aesthetically desirable. Either they’re too long or have a kink. So, owners may opt to dock them anyway. Lastly, by concentrating on breeding for natural bobtails, breeders may have to ignore other important aspects of the Australian Shepherds. I would argue temperament, colors, work ethic (for herding) and health are all much more important. Cutting the Tail A common question among new owners, and rightfully so, is: does it hurt? Do the Australian Shepherds feel pain when getting their tails docked? There’s been a lot of debate on this topic in recent years. Before I discuss this matter, it’s important to know that puppies get their tails cut 2 to 5 days after birth. Advocates will tell you that docking an Australian Shepherds’ tail in this early phase isn’t painful or uncomfortable. They argue that puppies haven’t developed a nervous system yet. In other words, they can’t feel pain yet. People have started to argue that puppies actually do develop at least a basic nervous system post birth. In fact, some suggest that puppies and adults have a similar sensitivity to pain. This new development is quite alarming considering how common this practice is. How They Cut an Aussie’s Tail Tail docking is the surgical removal of a puppy’s tail, for various reasons – including injury-prevention and cosmetic purposes. There are two popular methods of docking a dog’s tail. The most popular method is by cutting the tail off with a pair of scissors. Yes, a good old-fashion pair of scissors. This means cutting through tendons, cartilage, muscles and potentially several nerves. In addition, this process is carried out without any anesthesia or pain killers. Another method is by using a tight rubber band to cut off the blood supply to the tail. When sustained for long enough, the tail will eventually drop off. However, this is a less common practice. Proof of Pain? The debate on whether these puppies feel pain has been ongoing with no definitive conclusion. The fact is, most puppies produce shrieks and other intense vocalizations as soon as the tail is cut. This continues as the professional is patching up the wound of the tail. Sure, the sound of pain can be subjective, but it’s certainly not a sound of joy. In my opinion, the dog is definitely feeling discomfort at the very least. The counter argument is that there are a lot of puppies that get their tails docked while asleep. And yet, they don’t even wake up. Could it be that puppies are over-dramatic while awake? Whether they actually feel pain or not, they’re not likely to remember their tails being docked at such an early age. Why Do Australian Shepherds Need to Cut their Tails? Whether an Australian Shepherd puppy feels pain or not during the process, there are several reasons why they do this. It’s not only about cosmetics and aesthetics. Let’s examine the top three reasons why. 1. Injury Prevention When it comes to Aussies, this is the most important reason. These dogs were bred to be skilled herders in the western region of the United States. Unfortunately, the terrain and environment in this region is not ideal for most working dogs. There are plenty of weeds, tall grasses, shrubs and other potentially dangerous hazards in this part of the country. All of which, can potentially hurt the dog’s tail. All it takes is for their tail to clip something while running full speed. And trust me, they run fast. Tail injuries can be very painful for the Australian Shepherd. Not only can it cause a lot of pain, but it’s relatively difficult to treat. By docking the tail, it removes the possibility of such an injury, especially at work. 2. Good Hygiene Although this may not be the best reason, it’s still an important reason among owners. Dog breeds with a thick coat, such as the Australian Shepherd, are prone to collecting debris on their fluffy tail. In addition, it’s common for feces (dog poop) to get caught on the tail due to its proximity to the anus. So, by docking the tail, it reduces this insanitary mishap and increases dog hygiene. However, would it be so bad to spend a few more minutes a day wiping the tail/anus area of your Australian Shepherd? 3. Australian Shepherd Standard Because Aussies were originally bred for a role where this process made more sense, this has become the standard for the breed. Going back to the first point, it was used as a preventive measure. Fair enough. However, how many Australian Shepherds in the world are still herding livestock? If you just want a great companion family dog and you live in a more favorable environment, these points aren’t as valid. Breeding Tail-less Aussies It’s important to know that two naturally bobtailed Aussies should not be bred with one another. All the professional breeders will know this, so this is mainly for the amateur breeders. This is especially true if the dogs have short bobtails. Doing so can come with a lot of potential health problems and in some cases, death. Some problems include spina bifida and other lower spinal cord mutations. Roughly 2% of all dogs producing natural bobtailed puppies needed to be put down. However, this survey includes all breeding dogs, including non-bobtails. With that said, the percentage of breeding two natural bobtails together is certainly much higher. Note: If you’re looking for an Aussie with a tail, consider looking into one of the many Australian Shepherd mixes here. Many of them do have natural tails. Posts you may like: • Do Australian Shepherds Shed? Useful Tips • Smart Owner’s Guide to Australian Shepherds • Do Australian Shepherds Like Water? • Will a Australian Shepherd Run Away? • Do Australian Shepherds Get Along with Cats? • Everything About the Blue Merle Aussie • Are Australian Shepherds Smart Dogs? 0 ( 0 votes ) Readers' opinions (0) Leave a Reply Related Posts New Post Load more
Joe emptied his wallet at the end of his busy day. He had gone out with his friends and had spent some of the money he had been given for his birthday. When he emptied his wallet he found that all he had left were 2 five cent coins, 1 fifty cent coin, 1 twenty cent coin, 2 ten cent coins, 2 two dollar coins and 2 ten dollar notes. When he added up the money he realised that he had spent half of the amount of money he had started with that morning. Joe had only spent money twice that day - $14.35 to get into the movies and some on lunch. How much money did he spend on lunch that day? Sep 1, 2021 Adding up all the coins gives a total of 23 dollars. He spent 23 dollars. 23 - 14.35 = 8.65 He spent 8.65 dollars on lunch that day. *Sorry for the brief answer, I'm getting tired Sep 18, 2021 16 Online Users
Sudan, also known as the Republic of Sudan, is located in North Africa, sharing borders with Egypt, Eritrea and Ethiopia, South Sudan, and a few others. It is the third largest country in Africa, and is split into Eastern and Western halves by the Nile River. As of the 2014 census, Sudan has an estimated population of around 37,300,000 people. Sudan is a federal presidential republic, with the President established as the head of state. After the second civil war however, the country is currently recognized as an authoritarian state. The country's main economy is oil, although historically, agriculture is still the main income and means of employment for most citizens. However, most farms are rain-fed and drought is always a risk factor. The country hosts a large population of refugees, although it also generates refugees as well. Sudanese Arabs are the main ethnic group, at over 70% of the population. Other ethnic groups such as Fulani, Masalit, and Zaghawa also exist. Featuring 9 Domain Name Extensions
It’s Official: The Maltese are Alcoholics No, it’s not really official, (ops) However, Malta is one of the leading countries in the European Union when it comes to alcohol consumption, as reported by the World Health Organisation. Another record we can be proud of! It is reported that Europe is having a tough time to combat the negative effects that alcohol imposes on its people. We continue to hear about the highest levels of alcohol-related deaths in Europe. The study undertaken by the World Health Organisation measured alcohol consumption across the twenty-eight member states of the European Union. Malta was found to have the third-highest alcohol consumption patterns following Latvia and Slovenia. There are also other countries which have high levels of alcohol consumption which include Switzerland, Belgium, Ireland, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Luxembourg, France and Poland. In European Union member countries, deaths of young adults due to alcohol remain high. With that said, the amount had decreased by one third when analysing the period between 2010 and 2016. In 2016, twenty per cent of the deaths of young adults were due to alcohol. Most of these deaths were due to injury, which indicates the importance of adopting stricter controls and policies in relation to alcohol consumption. This highlights the importance of continued awareness about the consequences of drinking and driving. Alcohol consumption leads to chronic diseases which is also a problem in Europe. One of the main illnesses which can be brought about by alcohol consumption is cancer, which is followed by liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular disease. Malta has recently implemented stricter measures on those who drink and drive. People who are caught drinking and driving may be in a position where they lose their license to drive, making it quite problematic. We also hear about several roadblocks as a measure to investigate if people are drinking and driving, especially during the festive seasons. With that said, a lot more needs to be done to reduce alcohol consumption across the board. What are your views on this matter? Let us know in the comments section below. Related Articles Leave a Reply Back to top button It looks like you're using an ad-blocker!
Main content Current time:0:00Total duration:6:10 MEA‑3 (EU) MEA‑3.C (LO) MEA‑3.C.1 (EK) MEA‑3.C.2 (EK) Video transcript hello everyone grant here so I'd like to talk to you today about the various functions of money functions of money now money of course is something that we all use every day and we kind of have a general feel for what it is but it's interesting to step back and actually contemplate what is money what gives it its value what is it that we use it for why is it that you can use some things for money throughout history you know people have used not just gold and silver but things like salt or cigarettes as money and why other things can't be used and economists generally divide the functions of money the things that it does for us into three different categories and sometimes people will add a fourth in there I won't get to that in this video I'll talk about it in a different one but there's kind of three main ones that people usually talk about so if you were an economist just kind of philosophizing about what the functions of money are you might start by thinking well what does the world look like without money like for example let's say that you were a lawyer and you you know you provide legal counsel to people and this is the service that you provide and this is the way that you add value to the economy and let's say it's the case that you your refurnishing and you want a chair right you want to go out to the world and you want to buy a chair well what that would require is that you find someone who happens to produce chairs you find some person out there and his way of adding value to society is to produce chairs and this is what he does and he has specialized at it and he's very good now the issue here because money doesn't exist you basically have to trade with him you have to barter in some way and this is what's called a barter economy and in order to do that given that you've specialized in laws the thing that you provide and add value with you kind of have to hope that he wants legal services that he happens to be in a situation where he wants the thing that you provide which in this case is legal services and if that was true if you had that good fortune then you would be able to trade some legal services over to him and he would trade you some number of chairs and all would be well but of course this is this feels kind of rare especially given how specialized you are and this idea where you want something and he wants something and does line up with each other actually has a name this is called the double coincidence of wants double coincidence and it's worth writing down because people kind of reference this when we're talking about barter economies of want and buy barter economy I just mean you know this kind of setup but scaled up to the scale of society where everybody's trading based on their specialty and what someone else needs and of course in a world of money this seems absurd because in reality what you do is you would be over here and sure you would provide your legal services you would kind of provide legal services to someone as your way of adding value but it would be to just anyone who wants it not not based on what they produce and in response in exchange for that they give you cash they just give you you know money something you can then use that everybody accepts for whatever it is that you want so in this case you know if you want a chair then you bring it over to the guy who produces chairs and that's what he gives you you know a chair and insofar as money serves this function where it is kind of the universal thing to trade it's called a medium medium of exchange of exchange and what that means is anytime that you want to exchange for something this is the common thing of value that you use to actually trade with the world but that's not the only thing money does that's a really big part that kind of allows the entire economy to exist and it allows you to specialize in something like legal services but what else does money do what else would be harder to do in a world without money let's say you produced as a lawyer you know producing legal services a little bit more than you actually want it to consume and you're hoping to kind of save up some value so that maybe later on you can buy a house or you can you know pay for your kids education or something like that you want to actually start storing value and saving it up well in this barter economy you would have to find something since money doesn't exist you would have to find something of value and start storing that maybe you know chairs might hold their value so you're hoping to store them or maybe you have to buy land or something that you think will store it but there's not kind of a good de facto medium that you can do it for so in this sense since that's something that we usually do with money it's also called a good store of value so this is considered kind of a second use of money store of value distinct from medium of exchange because the idea of needing something to trade is pretty different from wanting to kind of save value and for this third function a think back to this case where you're hoping to barter legal services for chairs I mean once you start getting into the specifics you can start asking the question well actually how many hours right like how many hours of legal services corresponds to one chair and if you want to buy something different you know you're going grocery shopping how many hours of legal services corresponds to buying one Apple and similarly the chair guy he has to go off and every time he's going to buy an apple he has to think how many chairs correspond to an apple and trying to relate values like this so it's getting really complicated unless you just have some kind of actual unit to deal with something that you can use to actually measure value of everything like a yardstick for value and of course in the real economy we just give everything at a dollar value or a URL value or a peso value depending on where you are but you give it a value that corresponds to the currency to the money that you're dealing with so people will say that money serves as a unit of value a unit of value and basically that means that it gives you the starting number it gives you the meaning of the number one so that you can say well if this is worth $1 then what is worth $3 or maybe an hour of this lawyers time is worth $100 in one of these chairs is worth $50 and you can start actually comparing the values of various different goods that way and actually think this is this is a pretty interesting one this is the kind of thing that would be easy to under appreciated it is to have something like this and in the next video or two I'm going to talk about a certain historical case of hyperinflation in Brazil where basically what happens is money loses some of these functions and you can see just how much a society actually breaks down if what is supposed to be money stops serving these functions so with that I will see you next video
People from Lanzarote post-template-default,single,single-post,postid-7930,single-format-standard,elision-core-1.0.9,ajax_fade,page_not_loaded,qode-child-theme-ver-1.0.0,qode-theme-ver-4.3,wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-6.2.0,vc_responsive Title Image People from Lanzarote \| Uncategorized The island is inhabited since at least two millennia ago. The current inhabitants of the island are generically known as “conejeros” (hutchers). Before the Spanish conquest it was populated by Mahos, these being a Berber people. Ancient Mahos lived off sheperding, coast shellfish captures, harvesting of fruits and had a very limited agriculture, focused on the cultivation of Moorish wheat. They had no knowledge of metals and had lost the knowledge of oceanic navigation. They lived in caves or semi-buried huts of stone (deep houses), wore untanned goat hides and ate gofio, goat meat and fish. Almost all chronicles reflected their gentle and hospitable nature and their love of music and dance. The Current Population Due to Spanish colonization and the stopping of sea vessels from Africa, Europe and America, Lanzarote’s people today are a fusion of indigenous and native majos on one side and Spanish, Andalusian, Portuguese, Genoese, Flemish, Norman and British emigrants, on the other. The fact of being a port of call has influenced the personality of its inhabitants, giving rise to a people whose identity is open midway between these three continents. For the Lanzarote people were formerly called the hutchers, due to the large number of rabbits that were in Lanzarote, whose skins were exported to Tenerife in the nineteenth century. The inhabitants of the other islands still call them so. Traditional activities such as agriculture and fishing are still carried out by a small number of “hutchers”. Translate »
• The Package All about COVID-19 The ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus seen in an illustration released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in January 29, 2020. \| Photo Credit: Reuters The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak came to light when on December 31, 2019, China informed the World Health Organization (WHO) of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of an unknown cause in Wuhan City in Hubei province. On January 9, 2020, the WHO issued a statement saying Chinese researchers have made “preliminary determination” of the virus as a novel coronavirus. Since then, more than 3,000 deaths have been reported due to COVID-19 across the world. Cases have been reported from more than 80 countries, including India. The virus has acquired the ability to spread among humans, with cases of human-to-human transmissions being reported first in Vietnam and Germany. With the overall cases worldwide rising rapidly, the WHO has declared the outbreak a global health emergency. Also read \| Growing numbers: On India’s COVID-19 preparedness COVID-19 symptoms can include fever, cough and shortness of breath. The illness also causes lung lesions and pneumonia. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection difficult. Chinese researchers have shared the whole genome sequence of COVID-19, however apart from some basic details, not much is known about the virus in terms of its source, precise duration of incubation, severity, and what makes it quite easily transmissible. Here are some of the major stories regarding the outbreak: In This Package Related Topics This article is closed for comments. Please Email the Editor In This Package The Hindu Explains \| How is India preparing to roll out COVID-19 vaccines? The Hindu Explains \| Why was a COVID-19 vaccine dry run necessary, and how was it organised? Coronavirus \| Why people with prior infection still need COVID-19 vaccination Explained \| What we know about China-made vaccines How infections among participants are a part of vaccine trials \| The Hindu In Focus podcast The Hindu Explains \| What is emergency use authorisation for drugs and vaccines? Coronavirus \| How the new variant quickly accumulated 23 mutations Coronavirus \| New variant does not increase reinfection risk, disease severity, deaths Coronavirus \| N501Y mutation in SARS-CoV-2 virus causes increased infectivity in mice: researchers The Hindu Explains \| Are viruses expected to change form, and will vaccines protect against a mutating SARS-CoV-2? Coronavirus \| Is the first wave coming to an end in India? Has India passed the COVID-19 peak? \| The Hindu Parley podcast Has India passed its COVID-19 peak, as a new government study claims? \| The Hindu In Focus podcast No evidence to suggest coronavirus cluster 5 variant found in minks increases virus transmissibility, disease severity SARS-CoV-2 not the last virus to spark a pandemic, says expert The Hindu Explains \| Who are the top contenders in the race for a COVID-19 vaccine? The vaccine networks India will rely on and the challenges ahead \| The Hindu In Focus podcast Study advances use of indomethacin for treatment of mild cases How an asymptomatic player turned super-spreader How close are we to getting a COVID-19 vaccine? \| The Hindu In Focus podcast WHO warns against pursuing herd immunity to stop coronavirus Studies document in-flight transmission of coronavirus Experimental study finds how coronavirus can spread while speaking Can universal masking be a crude ‘vaccine’? The Hindu Explains \| Is COVID-19 setting off a bradykinin storm in the body? Coronavirus \| Lung damage in COVID-19 dead may shed light on ‘long COVID’: study The Hindu Explains \| What does herd immunity mean for COVID-19? The Hindu Explains \| What do we know about Russia’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate Sputnik V? Coronavirus \| Russian vaccine generated strong immune response, says Lancet study Watch \| Is COVID-19 intensifying in rural India? The Hindu Explains \| What are the long-term effects of COVID-19? The Hindu Explains \| Are there re-infection fears around COVID-19? Watch \| COVID-19 and children The Hindu Explains \| Is SARS-CoV-2 a latent virus which can recur? Watch \| What is an immunity passport? WHO says COVID-19 by far its worst global health emergency CDC says revised guidance on coronavirus spread posted in error, removes it Coronavirus \| Plasma therapy may look promising in treating COVID-19, but it is no magic bullet Coronavirus \| Different kinds of SARS-CoV-2 exist in India but none more lethal than the other: Indian Academy of Sciences President The Hindu Explains \| Is airborne transmission of COVID-19 a risk? Watch \| What are serological surveys? The Hindu Explains \| Why is a psoriasis drug being used to treat COVID-19 patients? Video: In conversation with Andrew Pollard, Director of Oxford Vaccine Group Watch \| All you need to know about pulse oximeters Coronavirus \| Why are only a fraction of cases tested? Coronavirus \| Vaccine was rapidly synthesised as novel coronavirus sequence was available, says virologist Gagandeep Kang A step closer to developing a potent drug against novel coronavirus Coronavirus \| The importance of ‘contact tracing’ Coronavirus \| Are diabetics more prone to COVID-19? Private firms ready to test for COVID-19 Coronavirus \| How does soap use help in tackling COVID-19? Fight for the finite: On budgetary allocation for health Coronavirus \| A problematic testing strategy Fighting COVID-19 together for a shared future Scientists get ready to test rival COVID-19 pandemic vaccines in animals Coronavirus \| The cost of opacity Watch \| COVID-19: Masks and sanitisers are now essential commodities A COVID-19 control plan made simple Watch \| Your COVID-19 queries answered Coronavirus \| How is India containing COVID-19? Battle against COVID-19 A COVID-19 response that is quick off the blocks Watch \| Why is COVID-19 not a pandemic yet? Watch \| Coronavirus: Can masks protect you? Watch \| How is India dealing with coronavirus? WHO’s unexplained hesitancy Watch \| Bats and the novel coronavirus Coronavirus \| India shares two SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences COVID-19 \| We are in uncharted territory, says WHO Explained \| Why is COVID-19 not a pandemic yet? New COVID-19 epidemic at ‘decisive point’: WHO chief COVID-19 vaccine may be ready by 2022: SII Explainer: How WHO names a new disease WHO names deadly viral disease from China as 'COVID-19' Explained \| When can people transmit the novel coronavirus? Analysis \| For China’s Xi, the coronavirus challenge comes laden with economic costs and political risks How bats harbour several viruses yet not get sick WHO declares coronavirus outbreak a global emergency Watch \| What is Coronavirus? What is the source of the new SARS-like disease reported in China? Data \| The wide, rapid spread of the novel coronavirus Alarming spread: on novel coronavirus outbreak Gaps in our knowledge of coronavirus origin need fulfilment: Study A new virus emerges in China
Tap on folklore to help build the nation AFTER telling stories to young Malaysians, I always walk away with the feeling that I have created another group of “hikayat warriors” to help me ensure that our historical sagas (hikayat) and folklore will be remembered and loved. As Malaysia’s best-known bilingual poet Professor Emeritus Muhammad Haji Salleh said: “The concept of an ideal, equal, caring and sustainable society lies in its folklore and here are embedded the central thoughts, psyche, and wisdom of the people. Therefore, it is crucial that we preserve them.” During my storytelling sessions, I see the faces of my young audience lighting up especially when they hear tales from their home states. They can clearly identify with the stories. This creates a sense of belonging and builds self-confidence. That is why we need to commit to adding the A (for Art) to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in our education policy. The STEAM approach would be ideal, as everywhere we look, the battle cry is for more well-rounded “life champions”. Stories and storytelling can contribute greatly to this endeavour. Hikayat and other historical literature give our younger generation an insight into not just well-written works but also history, geography, creative thinking and, sometimes, even science. More than 30 years before man landed on the moon, Hergé had already illustrated in The Adventures of Tintin how the eponymous hero and his friend Captain Haddock flew to the moon in a rocket. In Sejarah Melayu, it is related that a great king, Raja Chulan, delved into the depths of the sea in a pesawat peti kaca to arrive in Dika, an underwater kingdom. The Malay sagas, legends and folklore are among the most popular literature preserved in our Malay manuscripts and through oral storytelling. These stories, and those from our highly-acclaimed traditional dance theatres Mak Yong and Mek Mulung, hold the key to understanding and re-visualising our ancient world. But beyond that, they contain a wealth of Malay knowledge on topics ranging from governance, protocol, diplomacy, architecture, shipbuilding, weaponry and textiles to medicinal practices, literature, entertainment, music, dance, wisdom and creative thinking. They reflect an advanced culture of rich literature, heritage and a cosmopolitan life practised centuries ago, and encapsulate the psyche and intrinsic values of the Malays as a people. More often than not, historical literature allows students to experience various cultures, time periods and our predecessors’ way of life. This in turn helps to develop critical thinking skills. As such, our students would place immense value on their national culture and would be more likely to appreciate their roots in the current milieu. Imagine how wonderful our tourist attractions would be if there is a story tied to every destination, craft and product. Today, it is important to share with the younger generation how these old forms of knowledge remain relevant and are in fact vital in forging our future aspirations in the modern world. They are key to our moving forward from strength to strength, and building our nation one generation at a time. Petaling Jaya (The writer is a member of Persatuan Sastera Lisan Malaysia, author and storyteller.) Article type: metered User Type: anonymous web User Status: Campaign ID: 46 Cxense type: free User access status: 3 Next In Letters Introduce whistleblower hotline for athletes to report sexual abuse Cabotage debate: Guan Eng should handle things professionally Being a cradle for unicorns Uphold the spirit of moderation Importance of managing the need for foreign workers Challenges in digital adoption Take the lead in probe of Pandora Papers Dispense with protocol and get closer to the people Dealing with cancer-related fatigue Importance of safety and health regulations for all Others Also Read
Friday, 5 February 2021 Portumna Castle The family of DE BURGH, DE BURGO, BOURKE OR BURKE (as at different times written), Earls and Marquesses of Clanricarde, ranked among the most distinguished peers in the British Isles, and deduced an uninterrupted line of powerful nobles from the Conquest. HUBERT DE BURGH (c1160-1243), 1st Earl of Kent, was one of the greatest subjects in Europe, in the reigns of KING JOHN and HENRY III. His uncle, ADELM DE BURGH, settled in Ireland, and was ancestor of RICHARD DE BURGH (c1194-1242), surnamed Great Lord of Connaught, who was Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1227. This Richard rebuilt Galway Castle in 1232, and that of Loughrea in 1236. He was a man of high authority and power, and died on his passage to France, in proceeding to meet the King of England at Bordeaux, attended "by his barons and knights". Mr de Burgh espoused, before 1225, Egidia, daughter of Walter de Lacy, and had issue, Richard, Lord of Connaught; Walter, 1st Earl of Ulster; Margery; Alice; two unnamed daughters. His third son, WILLIAM DE BURGH, known by the surname of Athankip, from being put to death at that place by the King of Connaught, was succeeded by his son, SIR WILLIAM DE BURGH, who, having married a daughter of the family of MacJordan, left, with other issue, at his decease in 1324, John (1350-98); Thomas, Lord Treasurer of Ireland, 1331; John, father of John, Archbishop of Tuam; The eldest son, SIR ULICK DE BURGH, feudal Lord of Clanricarde, was a person of great power, and distinguished, like his progenitors, in arms. He wedded Agnes, daughter of the Earl of Warwick; and dying in 1429, was succeeded by his son, ULICK DE BURGH, of Clanricarde, who espoused Egeline, daughter of Hugh de Courtenay; and dying in 1451, was succeeded by his eldest son, ULICK DE BURGH, who was succeeded by his son, ULICK DE BURGHwho was created, by HENRY VIII, at Greenwich, in 1543, Baron of Dunkellin and EARL OF CLANRICARDE; and obtained, at the same time from the His Majesty a grant of the monastery of Abbeygormican, alias de Via Nova, in the diocese of Clonfert, with the patronages and donations of all the rectories etc in Clanricarde and Dunkellin belonging to the Crown. His lordship did not, however, long enjoy his honours; and dying in the following year, 1544, was succeeded by his only son, RICHARD, 2nd Earl, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; who overthrew, in conjunction with Sir Richard Bingham, the Scots army, at the river Moye, in 1553. His lordship married Margaret, daughter of Murrough, Earl of Thomond, and had issue, ULICK, Lord Dunkellin. He died in 1582, and was succeeded by his son, ULICK, 3rd Earl, who wedded Honora, daughter of John Burke, and had issue, John, 1st Viscount Burke, of Clanmories; His lordship died in 1601, and was succeeded by his eldest son, RICHARD, 4th Earl (1572-1635), surnamed of Kinsale, from the valour he had displayed against the rebels there. His lordship was created an English peer, in 1624, in the dignities of Baron Somerhill and Viscount Tunbridge, Kent. He was advanced to an earldom, in 1628, as Earl of St Albans. His lordship married Frances, daughter of Sir Francis Walsingham and widow of Sir Philip Sydney, and of ELIZABETH I's unfortunate favourite, the Earl of Essex, by whom he had one son, ULICK, his successor, and two daughters, Mary, wife of Edmund, son of James, Earl of Ormonde; and Honora, married to John Paulet, Marquess of Winchester. He was succeeded by his only son, ULICK (1604-57), 5th Earl of Clanricarde and 2nd Earl of St Albans. His lordship was advanced to a marquessate, in 1644, in the dignity of MARQUESS OF CLANRICARDE. He espoused the Lady Anne Compton, only daughter of William, Earl of Northampton, and had an only daughter, MARGARET, m Charles, Viscount Muskerry. His lordship dying thus without male issue, the marquessate and his English honours expired; while the Irish earldom of Clanricarde and the barony of Dunkellin reverted to his first cousin, RICHARD, 6th Earl; at whose decease, 1666, without issue, the honours devolved upon his brother, WILLIAM, 7th Earl, who married firstly, Lettice, only daughter of Sir Henry Shirley, and had issue, RICHARD, his successor; JOHN, succeeded his brother; His lordship wedded secondly, Helen, daughter of Donough, 1st Earl of Clancarty, and had further issue, Ulick, 1st Viscount Galway; Margaret; Honora. His lordship was succeeded at his decease, in 1687, by his eldest son, RICHARD, 8th Earl, who wedded Elizabeth Bagnell, and had an only daughter, Lady Dorothy Bourke. He died in 1704, and was succeeded by his brother, JOHN, 9th Earl (1642-1722), who espoused Bridget, daughter of James Talbot; and was succeeded by his son, MICHAEL. 10th Earl, who wedded Anne, daughter and co-heiress of John Smith, of Tudworth, Hampshire, Speaker of the House of Commons, and subsequently Chancellor of the Exchequer, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. His lordship died in 1726, and was succeeded by his only surviving son, JOHN SMITH, 11th Earl (1720-82), who was father of HENRY,12th Earl (1743-97), Privy Counsellor, Knight of St Patrick, Governor of County Galway, who was created, in 1785, MARQUESS OF CLANRICARDE (second creation). His lordship died without issue, when the marquessate expired, and his lordship's other titles devolved upon his only brother, JOHN, 13th and 1st Earl of Clanricarde (1744-1808), a General in the army, Colonel, 66th Foot, who wedded, in 1799, Eliza, daughter of the late Sir Thomas Burke Bt, of Marble Hill. In 1800, Lord Clanricarde obtained a grant, conferring the dignity of countess upon his daughters in succession, and that of Earl of Clanricarde upon their male issue, according to priority of birth, in case of the failure of his own male descendants. His lordship's eldest son, ULICK JOHN, 14th and 2nd Earl (1802-74), KP, married, in 1825, Harriet, only daughter of the Rt Hon George Canning, HM Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. His lordship was advanced to a marquessate, in 1825, as MARQUESS OF CLANRICARDE (third creation). Earls of Clanricarde; Second creation (1800; Reverted) PORTUMNA CASTLE, built near the shore of the northern extremity of Lough Derg on the river Shannon in the reign of JAMES I, was stated to be without equal in Ireland at the time in style, grandeur and distinction. The elegance of Portumna can be attributed to the taste, experience and wealth of its builder, Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde. It was built between 1610 and 1618 at a cost of £10,000, and Lord Clanricarde also built a mansion at Somerhill, Tonbridge Wells, in Kent. Portumna was one of the first, if not the first, building in Ireland to admit some of the Renaissance refinements already common in Italy and France for over a century, but which took so long to filter through to Ireland. The shell of this great mansion conveys an impression of alien splendour, and the overall effect is unique and has a curiously continental air. The Renaissance features of the exterior of Portumna are - strictly speaking - limited to the fine doorcase of the front entrance and the Tuscan gateway of the innermost courtyard, but the very layout is an expression of Renaissance ideas. The castle is symmetrical in shape and consists of three stories over a basement with square corner projecting towers. A central corridor runs longitudinally from top to bottom, supported by stone walls, which contain numerous recesses and fireplaces. The approach is elaborate from the north with gardens, avenues and three gates. The formal gardens of Portumna Castle were laid out in the 17th century and were the first Italian or Renaissance gardens to be introduced to Ireland. It is reputed that the 4th Earl copied the style of Sir John’s garden for his castle at Portumna. The stately gardens of the 17th century contained formal walks, arbours, parterres, and hedges, as well as jets d’eau, or fountains, artificial cascades, columns, statues, grottoes and similar puerilities. The inner courtyard, known as the Grianan, was the ladies' pleasure ground. It contained shrubs, seats, pathways and lawns, where the ladies of the castle congregated, did their embroidery, and discussed womanly affairs. Fifteen Earls and Marquesses of Clanricarde owned Portumna from 1543-1916. In the latter years, Hubert de Burgh-Canning, 2nd Marquess, 15th and 3rd Earl of Clanricarde (1832–1916) died. He was said to have been a notorious miser and eccentric who dressed like a tramp and spent his life in London; and on his death the estate at Portumna passed to his nephew, Henry Viscount Lascelles, afterwards 6th Earl of Harewood. In 1928, Princess Mary and her husband, the same Lord Lascelles, visited Portumna, and by all accounts received a cordial welcome. They mixed with all the people and visited all the formal schools and institutions in town as well as attending various meetings. The Portumna estate was acquired by the Irish Government in 1948, with the castle being allocated to the then Office of Public Works, the 1,500 acre demesne to the Forestry Commission and land being given for a Golf Course and sports pitch. Lord Clanricarde was a friend of Sir John Danvers and shared his great love of gardens. The castle was accidentally burned in 1826; it was very grand and highly interesting; its staircase, its great hall and its state drawing-room were very handsome; its library was a long apartment in the highest storey. Several of its rooms acquired an impressive and venerable air from the presence of old family portraits and a large quantity of ancient furniture; opulent plasterwork friezes; carved armorial bearings; and it commanded a brilliant and very extensive prospect of Lough Derg, the River Shannon and the surrounding countryside. The Castle remained ruinous until work commenced on its restoration by the Irish State in 1968. To date, the shell and the internal walls have been faithfully restored, and the roof and chimneys which are in place protect the castle from the elements. The windows, fireplaces and flooring joists and basement have been restored and elaborate archaeological work has been carried out on the outside. Once the main staircase and internal floors have been installed, the most difficult of the restoration work will have been achieved. First published in August, 2011. Clanricarde arms courtesy of European Heraldry. 1 comment : Garvagh said... Very interesting. I last saw Portumna Castle in 1976! Lord Harewood kept a prize herd of Angus cattle on the estate, for a number of years. Michael Maclagan knew the aged Lord Clanricarde, and used to have tea with him at Albany, in Piccadilly.
Today it becomes official. Sustainability is in. Wal-Mart says so. The marketing giant is expected to release details Thursday of a new initiative which it claims will help its buyers, customers, and other retailers determine the social and environmental impact of every product on Wal-Mart's shelves. According to Stephanie Rosenbloom writing in The New York Times, the company will announce the implementation of an electronic system, a sustainability index, that would give stakeholders a way to determine which products to put on their shelves or in their carts. As Rosenbloom puts it, determining which products are "greener" will no longer be just the consumer's job. The program is expected to take five years to reach full implementation. In the first phase Wal-Mart will gather information from its 100,000 plus suppliers about the sustainable practices of their companies. Next, with the help of the Universities of Arkansas and Arizona State, the company will build a database and a system to measure the impact of the product across its life cycle and then finally the information will be used to create a tool for consumers to use in evaluating product sustainability. This approach will enable consumers to move beyond looking at the impact of products on narrow single issues such as waste reduction or energy efficient production in order to look at what Rosenbloom calls "all environmental and social implications of (all) products." The program could have enormous implications world-wide. Wal-Mart is the 500-lb gorilla and its policies, for better or worse, impact global manufacturing, resource choices, and consumption. The Times article quotes Arizona State University Professor Jay S. Golden: "(W)e are thrilled that Wal-Mart is taking a leadership role because they can move more companies toward this than any government can do." Golden cites as example of the consumer choice issues an index could highlight a hypothetical laundry detergent engineered to allow virtually all water to be extracted from clothing during the wash cycle, saving both water and time in the dryer. However, the detergent carries some risk of skin reactions. Information on these types of pros and cons would allow consumers to pick the tradeoffs they are willing to make. The article acknowledges that, while suppliers may have concerns about proprietary information and the financial outlays they might be forced to make to adapt products, the sheer size of the Wal-Mart economic footprint could make those concerns irrelevant for those wanting a spot on the store's shelves.
the concept behind the cash flow statements? the concept behind the cash flow statements? In: Economics An income statement contains a record of revenues, incomes and expenditures. Not all expenditures are cash based (like depreciation). A balance sheet also contains items some in cash form but most in non-cash form (like property, receivables, payables etc). When you convert one form of asset to another, say buying property a business might spend cash and obtain the asset – the net balance of the balance sheet doesn’t change since it converts one asset form to another. One important measure of a company’s performance is how it manages it’s cash. Without cash (even though it may own a lot of assets on paper) a company cannot operate (bankruptcy is usually a sign that a company runs out of cash not assets – a company that owns a lot of property can still go bankrupt). The CFS details how much cash a company receives and how much it spent in a specific period as well as the net balance remaining. If company runs out of cash, it is bankrupt. It is literally like the HP bar in videogames. Cash flow statement tracks how much cash flows into an out of the company, and for what reasons. Operations Cash Flow is the responsibility of COO, Financial Cash Flow — of CFO, etc. It is kinda similar to the bank statement for your checking account. In contrast, Profit and Loss statement is more to compute taxabale profit, or give shareholders an idea of how profitable are the “normal operations” of the company, as opposed to one-time investments or divestments.
分类：文案句子 1 1. 英语作文中引自己观点的句子 People's views on … vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that….人们对……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为…… People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解. There are different opinions among people as to …关于……，人们的观点大不相同. 2. 根据以下题目写一篇英语作文：你不同意下面的说法吗 With the improvement of people's life level,some people think that they should spend money to enjoy the wonderful life instead of saving money for the future.In my opinion,I think it is partly reasonable for people who hold opinion like this. It is a good choice to spend money for enjoyment,such as take a holiday,have a big meal or buy some clothes.It will become the power for people to earn more money.For example,if someone have a goal that he want to travel to Italy ,he will work harder to achieve it. However,there also have some disadvantages .People may need some money for the emergency.If people do not save money for the future,they will feel nervous when they meet emergency which may need some money.For example,a man get an illness but he has no money to visit the hospital and buy some drugs,he will be very pitiful . In conclusion,I think people should learn to divide their money in a clever way.They could use part of the money for enjoyment and remain some money for emergency. 3. 急：英语表达同意与不同意 I partly agree (with you). I totally agree (with you). I believe with you. I partly disagree (with you). I totally disagree (with you). My opinion is against to yours. 4. 英语作文（5个句子表达） 5. 表示“同意某人的观点”的英语短语 Agree with somebody,/Agree on something, it takes somebody sometime to do something/,spend sometime in doing something. agree 英[??gri：] 美[??ɡri] vt. 同意，赞同； vi. [语] 一致，符合；商定，约定；意见相合；（气候、食物等）适宜； vt. 同意，承认；使和谐一致；认为正确无误；如果说“赞同某人”，可以用agree with sb.这个短语除此之外，consent to也表示“赞同” 同意 [tóng yì] agree; consent; approve; agreement; say yes; see with: 1、subject to the approval of the next higher level；需得到上一级的同意 2、consent to your request；同意你的要求 3、I cannot say yes to your view here.在这一点上我不同意你的看法。 4、He consented to the proposal.他同意这项建议。 5、Has he agreed with you？你的意见他同意了吗？ 6、Those who agree to this plan please put up their hands.同意这个计划的，请举手。 7、She expressed agreement with the previous speaker.她表示同意前一位发言人的意见。
join donate discuss How can we really be a clean and green city? Birmingham City Council should feel ashamed of its record on recycling and waste management. The local authority lies third from bottom of the recycling league table compiled by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), with a pitiful 23.6% of waste recycled last year. To become a truly clean and green city, as Birmingham City Council’s marketing material proclaims, we need a radical overhaul of the way waste is managed in the city. Almost no progress has been made in the last decade. Birmingham recycled 24% of waste in 2014, so the rate has actually dropped since then! The first measure that needs to be taken is to abandon incineration. The Tyseley Incinerator is swallowing up over two thirds of all the waste in Birmingham and is the biggest single contributor to CO2 emissions in the city. Until we close this dirty, outdated burner down we will never reach the goal of 70% of waste being recycled, or get the city’s CO2 emissions down to net zero. All of the top performing local authorities in the country do well because of their food waste and green waste collections. Birmingham City Council, on the other hand, has tried to focus its efforts on encouraging behaviour change, in the hope that people will waste less food. However, it is obvious that this approach is not working. In 2015, it was reported that at least 41% of the contents of Birmingham residents’ general waste is food waste. Bristol is the best performing of England’s large cities, but even they found that food waste still made up nearly 25% of their general waste. They launched a campaign to deal with this which worked so well that there was a 10% drop in the volume of general waste collected and a 16% increase in the amount of food waste being collected separately. This food waste goes into an anaerobic digester, which means more clean energy being produced as well as lower overall CO2 emissions. Birmingham City Council urgently needs to invest in setting up similar systems to Bristol instead of continuing with incineration. A network of anaerobic digesters* and a pyrolysis plant* would ensure far better outcomes for the city. Such transformational measures must be taken as soon as possible, so that Birmingham becomes a leader on the journey towards zero waste. What do we propose? • Adopt a circular economy waste policy – we should be promoting community sharing, reuse and recycling across the city. • Bring in community engagement and information campaigns to explain the aims of a new waste strategy and motivate people to recycle more. If people understand which items they can separate for recycling, what happens to their waste and why it is important they are much more likely to do it. • Introduce weekly food waste collections as a matter of priority, rather than the waiting for the government to force the council to take action. • Invest in anaerobic digestion, in-vessel composting* and pyrolysis plants. • Look for ways to increase the range of items that can be collected for recycling from people’s homes. • Currently the council pays very high ‘gate fees’ for all the waste burnt in the incinerator. If we stop burning waste this money could be reallocated to pay for new, improved doorstep collection systems. * An anaerobic digester is an industrial system that supports a natural process to treat waste, produce biogas that can be used to power electricity generators, provide heat and produce soil improving material. It is similar to composting, in that microorganisms break down organic matter, but without oxygen. * Pyrolysis is an industrial system that can process biomass, municipal solid waste, waste plastic, waste rubber (tire), industrial waste, agricultural waste, and other organic solid waste. This waste can be converted into fuel and chemical products in a closed environment without oxygen, so that they are easy to store and transport. This means that there are very low carbon emissions involved. * With In-Vessel Composting (IVC) garden and food waste are collected and composted together in one container. This would also enable the council to bring in free garden waste collections (for which there is currently a fee) which would increase the overall popularity of the scheme.
A field in mathematics is a set of numbers, with addition and multiplication operations defined on it, such that they satisfy certain axioms (described in Wikipedia; see also below). A finite field can have pn elements, where p is a prime number, and n is a natural number. In this challenge, let's take p = 2 and n = 8, so let's make a field with 256 elements. The elements of the field should be consecutive integers in a range that contains 0 and 1: • -128 ... 127 • 0 ... 255 • or any other such range Define two functions (or programs, if that is easier), a(x,y) for abstract "addition", and m(x,y) for abstract "multiplication", such that they satisfy the field axioms: • Consistency: a(x,y) and m(x,y) produce the same result when called with same arguments • Closedness: The result of a and m is an integer in the relevant range • Associativity: for any x, y and z in the range, a(a(x,y),z) is equal to a(x,a(y,z)); the same for m • Commutativity: for any x and y in the range, a(x,y) is equal to a(y,x); the same for m • Distributivity: for any x, y and z in the range, m(x,a(y,z)) is equal to a(m(x,y),m(x,z)) • Neutral elements: for any x in the range, a(0,x) is equal to x, and m(1,x) is equal to x • Negation: for any x in the range, there exists such y that a(x,y) is 0 • Inverse: for any x≠0 in the range, there exists such y that m(x,y) is 1 The names a and m are just examples; you can use other names, or unnamed functions. The score of your answer is the sum of byte-lengths for a and m. If you use a built-in function, please also describe in words which result it produces (e.g. provide a multiplication table). • 3 \$\begingroup\$ @LeakyNun "addition" is just an abstract operation here that satisfies the above properties. There is no need for a(2,1) = 3, you could have a(2,1) = 5 as long as the above axioms are satisfied. a doesn't have to do anything with the usual addition you're used to e.g. from the field of rational numbers. \$\endgroup\$ Jun 14 '16 at 7:41 • 2 \$\begingroup\$ A commutative ring is trivial. A field... not so easy. \$\endgroup\$ – Neil Jun 14 '16 at 7:50 • \$\begingroup\$ Is there anything wrong with a=+ m=×? \$\endgroup\$ – Adám Jun 14 '16 at 8:01 • 4 \$\begingroup\$ @Adám Yes - 2 wouldn't have an inverse if m=× \$\endgroup\$ – Sp3000 Jun 14 '16 at 8:02 • 2 \$\begingroup\$ Related \$\endgroup\$ Jun 14 '16 at 9:48 Python 2, 11 + 45 = 56 bytes Addition (11 bytes): Multiplication (45 bytes): m=lambda x,y:y and m(x2^x/128283,y/2)^y%2*x Takes input numbers in the range [0 ... 255]. Addition is just bitwise XOR, multiplication is multiplication of polynomials with coefficients in GF2 with Russian peasant. And for checking: for x in range(256): assert a(0,x) == a(x,0) == x assert m(1,x) == m(x,1) == x assert any(a(x,y) == 0 for y in range(256)) if x != 0: assert any(m(x,y) == 1 for y in range(256)) for y in range(256): assert 0 <= a(x,y) < 256 assert 0 <= m(x,y) < 256 assert a(x,y) == a(y,x) assert m(x,y) == m(y,x) for z in range(256): assert a(a(x,y),z) == a(x,a(y,z)) assert m(m(x,y),z) == m(x,m(y,z)) assert m(x,a(y,z)) == a(m(x,y), m(x,z)) • \$\begingroup\$ One of us is going to have to change :P \$\endgroup\$ – user45941 Jun 14 '16 at 8:29 • \$\begingroup\$ @Mego Hah, well... I'll try and see if I can find any other approaches. Might be hard to beat though. \$\endgroup\$ – Sp3000 Jun 14 '16 at 8:32 • 1 \$\begingroup\$ Which polynomial is it based on? \$\endgroup\$ – feersum Jun 14 '16 at 18:56 • 1 \$\begingroup\$ @LSpice Now I realize that I can easily find the polynomial by running m(2,128) which results in 27 = 283 - 256, so you are correct and the polynomial is x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1. \$\endgroup\$ – feersum Jun 14 '16 at 21:21 • 1 \$\begingroup\$ @LSpice In Neil's answer he gives a Wikipedia page as a source for the algorithm, so maybe everyone read that. But it is anyway the most obvious choice for code golf since it the smallest irreducible polynomial of degree 8 in this representation. \$\endgroup\$ – feersum Jun 14 '16 at 21:29 JavaScript (ES6), 10 + 49 = 59 bytes Domain is 0 ... 255. Source. • 2 \$\begingroup\$ You should probably specify the range you're using. \$\endgroup\$ Jun 14 '16 at 9:26 Intel x86-64 + AVX-512 + GFNI, 11 bytes C5 F0 57 C0 # vxorps xmm0, xmm1, xmm0 C3 # ret C4 E2 79 CF C1 # vgf2p8mulb xmm0, xmm0, xmm1 C3 # ret Uses the new GF2P8MULB instruction on Ice Lake CPUs. The instruction multiplies elements in the finite field GF(28), operating on a byte (field element) in the first source operand and the corresponding byte in a second source operand. The field GF(28) is represented in polynomial representation with the reduction polynomial x8 + x4 + x3 + x + 1. Hoon, 22 bytes [dif pro]:(ga 8 283 3) Hoon already has a function ++ga that creates Galois Fields, for use in the AES implementation. This returns a tuple of two functions, instead of using two programs. Operates in the domain [0...255] =+ f=(ga 8 283 3) =+ n=(gulf 0 255) =+ a=dif:f =+ m=pro:f =+ %+ turn n \|= x/@ ?> =((a 0 x) x) ?> =((m 1 x) x) ~& outer+x %+ turn n \|= y/@ ?> =((a x y) (a y x)) ?> &((lte 0 (a x y)) (lte (a x y) 255)) ?> &((lte 0 (m x y)) (lte (m x y) 255)) %+ turn n \|= z/@ ?> =((a (a x y) z) (a x (a y z))) ?> =((m x (a y z)) (a (m x y) (m x z))) Posting a multiplication table would be gigantic, so here are some random testcases: IA-32 machine code, 22 bytes "Multiplication", 18 bytes: 33 c0 92 d1 e9 73 02 33 d0 d0 e0 73 02 34 1b 41 e2 f1 "Addition", 4 bytes: 92 33 c1 c3 This stretches rules a bit: the "multiplication" code lacks function exit code; it relies on the "addition" code being in memory right afterwards, so it can "fall-through". I did it to decrease code size by 1 byte. Source code (can be assembled by ml of MS Visual Studio): TITLE x @m@8 PROC xor eax, eax; xchg eax, edx; shr ecx, 1 jnc sk1 xor edx, eax shl al, 1 jnc sk2 xor al, 1bh inc ecx loop myloop @m@8 endp @a@8 proc xchg eax, edx; xor eax, ecx @a@8 ENDP _text ENDS The algorithm is the standard one, involving the usual polynomial x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x + 1, represented by the hexadecimal number 1b. The "multiplication" code accumulates the result in edx. When done, it falls through to the addition code, which moves it to eax (conventional register to hold return value); the xor with ecx is a no-op, because at that point ecx is cleared. One peculiar feature is the loop. Instead of checking for zero cmp ecx, 0 jne myloop it uses the dedicated loop instruction. But this instruction decreases the loop "counter" before comparing it to 0. To compensate for this, the code increases it before using the loop instruction. Mathematica 155 bytes in: o[Times, 202, 83] out: 1 in: o[Plus, 202, 83] out: 153 addition check: in: BitXor[202, 83] out: 153 in: o[Times, #, #2] & @@@ {{20, 148}, {61, 189}, {111, 239}, {163, 36}, {193, 40}} out: {229, 143, 181, 29, 1} NB Should be able to use any of {283, 285, 299, 301, 313, 319, 333, 351, 355, 357, 361, 369, 375, 379, 391, 395, 397, 415, 419, 425, 433, 445, 451, 463, 471, 477, 487, 499, 501, 505} in place of 283. • \$\begingroup\$ Well, here's 13 bytes less: ±y_:=Total[#&@@y~RealDigits~2x^Reverse@Range[0,2~Log~y]];p[q_,c_,d_]:=Fold[#+##&,Reverse@CoefficientList[q[±c,±d]~PolynomialMod~±283,x]~Mod~2] (assumes that the source is encoded in ISO 8859-1) \$\endgroup\$ Jun 15 '16 at 7:51 • \$\begingroup\$ @MartinEnder not quite sure how to implement your suggestion \$\endgroup\$ – martin Jun 15 '16 at 9:32 • \$\begingroup\$ @martin You can use it exactly like before, I've just used ± instead of f and p instead of o (of course you can keep that as o, I just used p so I could test both of them), and then saved a few more bytes with standard syntactic sugar tricks. \$\endgroup\$ Jun 15 '16 at 9:39 • \$\begingroup\$ @MartinEnder can get ± to work same as f, but not p ... not sure where I am going wrong \$\endgroup\$ – martin Jun 15 '16 at 10:35 • \$\begingroup\$ If you copy it straight from the comment, there might be some unprintable characters wherever your browser displays the line break in the comment. Delete the characters around that position after copying and the retype them. If that doesn't do it, I'm not sure where the problem is.. \$\endgroup\$ Jun 15 '16 at 11:13 Brainfuck, 28 characters Fortunately, standard Brainfuck does everything modulo 256. Addition: [->+<], assumes that the inputs are in the first two positions of the tape, places the output in position 0 Multiplication: [->[->+>+<<]>[-<+>]<<], assumes that the inputs are in the first two positions of the tape, places the output in position 3 Your Answer
what is the reason for the correctness proof of Prim's Algorithm for the undirected case cannot carry over to the directed case? Is it because of after any number of steps, $S$ might not be in a sub tree of an MST since it depends upon the direction of the edge of the directed graph, unlike the undirected one? • $\begingroup$ What is $S$? You should make your question self-contained, as different presentations of the algorithm may use different names for the variables. $\endgroup$ Dec 31 '13 at 15:41 • $\begingroup$ This is very similar to your other question. $\endgroup$ – Kaya Dec 31 '13 at 18:43 • $\begingroup$ You already asked a similar question just 5 days ago and got a detailed answer that already answers exactly this question. Please avoid duplication. $\endgroup$ – D.W. Dec 31 '13 at 19:25 • $\begingroup$ @fudu Well, thanks for wasting my time writing that answer for you. The person who answered your previous question even got their example from the same source as me (I changed the weights from 5, 5, 6, 1 to 3, 3, 4, 1), so you could have found it with Google too. $\endgroup$ Jan 1 '14 at 2:11 The key question is, what do you mean by "spanning subtree" for a directed graph? If you just want a subgraph that is an oriented tree (i.e., a graph obtained from an undirected tree by choosing exactly one direction for each edge) then use Prim's algorithm and ignore the edge directions. The normal concept for directed graphs, as @tbirdal points out, is the arborescence. An arborescence is what you might call a "consistently oriented" tree there's some vertex $v$ such that every edge is directed away from $v$. However, note that not every directed graph contains a spanning arborescence: for example, take the graph with vertices $\{a, b, c, d\}$ and directed edges $\{(a,b), (c,b), (c,d)\}$. Prim's algorithm keeps going until it's added every vertex but we've seen that this can't work for directed graphs. Furthermore, even for directed graphs that do contain an arborescence, the greedy scheme of Prim's algorithm isn't guaranteed to find it. Essentially, this is because you might have to choose a sequence of high-cost edges to gain access to a sequence of low-cost edges. For example (source), in the graph with vertices $\{a,b,c,d\}$ and weights $w(a,b)=w(b,d)=3$, $w(a,c)=4$, $w(c,d)=1$, the minimum spanning arborescence is $\{(a,b),(a,c),(c,d)\}$ with weight $8$ but Prim's algorithm starting at $a$ produces the arborescence $\{(a,b),(b,d),(a,c)\}$ (adding the edges in that order), which has weight $10$. A graph has a spanning arborescence if, and only if, there is at least one vertex (a root) that sends a directed path to every other vertex – this includes all strongly connected digraphs. In such a graph, Edmonds' algorithm finds a minimum-cost spanning arborescence from a given root in quadratic time. Prim's algorithm starts with an arbitrary vertex. If you arbitrarily pick a vertex in a directed graph, you might end up with a vertex which is a pure sink, not a source (in other words no directed edge exists from that vertex to any other). In such a case you cannot find a minimum spanning tree including all the vertices. You might still argue that this is an MST, because it is how they would be defined for directed graphs. However, this would be an Arborescence rather than an MST and other algorithms are there to give you a solution for that. • $\begingroup$ If the only problem was that the initial vertex might have no out-edges, you'd just modify the algorithm not to pick such edges. $\endgroup$ Dec 31 '13 at 15:39 • $\begingroup$ Sure, but this was just an example. There is no criteria to stop the same situation occuring during any stage. You simply end up not selecting the complete tree. Of course I'm speaking for Prim's algorithm only. $\endgroup$ Dec 31 '13 at 16:47
Fill This Form To Receive Instant Help Help in Homework trustpilot ratings google ratings Homework answers / question archive / Directions: Please answer the discussion questions in 150 words each, using in-text citation (APA style) and answer reply to the responses using 100 words each Directions: Please answer the discussion questions in 150 words each, using in-text citation (APA style) and answer reply to the responses using 100 words each. This is for an ESL (English as a Second Language) Education Course. This is due within 26 hours! Discussion Question 1: Explore the National Center on Universal Design for Learning website, particularly noting the principles of UDL. How would employing these principles in lesson planning increase academic achievement of ELLs? Response: Magaly wrote – Universal Design for Learning (UDL) main goal is to make learning more accessible to students, especially those in inclusionary programs (Hallahan, Kauffman, & Pullen, 2019). UDL is a structure that gives flexible and responsive curriculum that will decrease learning barriers. The concept is that with modifications of representation (materials), expression (methods of communication) and engagement (how students respond to curriculum) teachers will be able to include a more diverse range of students in a general education classroom of instructions (Hallahan, Kauffman, & Pullen, 2019). When using UDL, educators and speech-language pathologist (SPLs) can provide curriculum options such as using varies ways to present a lesson. This is important because students can express themselves and their knowledge as well as being able to engage in learning. ELL students need to have variation and choices in their everyday class experience, as educators we should be able to provide different learning styles. Providing different learning styles ensures that ELL students are given the opportunity to have their needs educational goals both daily and by semester. The UDL guidelines can be mixed and matched according to specific learning goals and can be applied to particular content areas and contexts (CAST, 2018). They can be seen as a tool to support the development of a shared language in the design of goals, assessments, methods, and materials that lead to accessible, meaningful, and challenging learning experiences for all (CAST, 2018). Response: Stefanie wrote – Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework for teachers to build lesson plans that enables all students the opportunity to participate in, and progress in the general-education curriculum by decreasing their specific obstacles to education (Ralabate, 2017). Each student we will encounter within our classroom has their own needs, preferences for learning, and abilities. UDL takes the burden off of the students and teachers to adapt material and puts it on the curriculum and offers options for the ways that information is taught, how students demonstrate their skills and knowledge, and how students are able to engage in learning within their classroom (Ralabate, 2017) The UDL Guidelines offer a framework to optimize learning and teaching for all people based on how humans learn (The UDL Guidelines, 2021). This framework can then be used to look at the why of learning to provide engagement, the what of learning to provide representation, and the how of learning through action and expression (The UDL Guidelines, 2021). Learning expectations lays out the goals for the lesson, instructional strategies are the methods to accomplish said goals, the materials that are needed to demonstrate learning is not limited to one method, and the assessment refers to how the information pertaining to the student’s progress is gathered and used to continue to work towards creating expert learners that can assess what their learning needs are, monitor their own progress, sustain and regulate their own interest, persistence, and effort to complete the learning task assigned (Ralabate, 2017). The UDL guidelines and principles in lesson planning increase academic achievement of ELLs because it allows for multiple ways for ELL students to engage in the material being taught, removes barriers that stand in the way of their understanding what is being taught, and offers multiple ways to show their understanding of the presented material. Conventional methods of teaching based on a structured curriculum that does not offer these supports will leave ELL students behind in the classroom setting because it does not offer the freedom to meet these students where they are in the learning process and help them to succeed. Discussion Question 2: Provide an example of a project, assignment, or in-class activity that could be used as a means of employing multiple assessments of ELLs. Why are multiple assessments important? ( Subject: Secondary- 11th Grade History) Response: Amanda wrote- When I read this question, I looked at each the project, the assignment, and the in-class activity as varying levels of assessments that make up a unit of study. To clarify, if you were teaching a unit on Historical Fiction and the overall objective was for students to be able to determine the major theme of the novel you would design lessons that build up to that point. You would first use a pre-assessment to gauge what do my students know about theme, do I need to teach what theme explicitly, or can I review it and weave theme related activities throughout the unit. Then I would take that information and use it to help determine what activities would help them understand theme, determine how to gauge if they were understanding it or not. I would use in-class activities and assignments to assess them (formatively) to determine if they needed more time, more context, or if they were ready to take on the next chunk of learning reading the book and using all the tools to determine theme and submit a final project on that theme. Each lesson you teach should have layers to it, you should determine what students know (this is your starting line), assess them with comprehension questions or fun quizzes mid lesson (this is mid-point assessment) to see if they are on track or you need to slow the lesson down, and then you have the final assignment or exit ticket that will show you what they learned (this is the finisher) and if they made any progress from the start of the lesson to the end. Multiple assessments are important because they provide you real information about the lesson you are teaching. They tell you where the student started, where they are growing or not growing so you can switch gears or add in more supports, and then the final assessment is to show the progress they have made. “One assessment generates evidence, which in turn can be used to make decisions about student learning and development, as well as improve program quality and effectiveness. However, the use of multiple measures encourages more comprehensive and accurate assessment. This benefits not only the students who are learning but also the instructors who are doing the teaching” (Whalen, 2016, para. 1). Multiple assessments serve students and teachers as a way to demonstrate progress and help educators know when more support is needed. They are valuable tools that can be done simply through quick writes, quick multiple-choice quizzes, in-class discussions, in-class polling, exit tickets, homework assignments, and final projects. Purchase A New Answer Custom new solution created by our subject matter experts
Getting to the Root of Things… Getting to the Root of Things… Image from The Guardian One underlying cause of racism is abuse of power, specifically the abuse of power that pervaded the whole Trans Atlantic slavery system of the past. Many people have been taught and therefore assume that “chattel” human slavery was introduced during the Trans Atlantic slave trade of Africans to the Americas, however this notion is incorrect. Slavery, the act of owning another person as property and / or for forced labor, sexual favors, or servitude has been going on since ancient times. Another popular belief is that since the end of the Trans Atlantic slave trade’s abolishment, that slavery is no longer being practiced anywhere in the world. Of course most people have heard of the child labor sweat shops, or human trafficking of women for sex/ prostitution & pimping, since stories about these topics have made national and international news. However, in today’s culture of fake news and intentional misdirection of attention to petty topics, what is not reported is usually the most important thing to learn about. What I submit to be considered regarding the topics of racism, abuse of power, victimization, and inequality, is that the institution of slavery has been one of the sources for these attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and systemic oppression. Let’s take a look at abuse of power- Even the most well treated slaves would still probably admit to having suffered the pain of having someone else harming them through the position of power that they held over them. While the images of police brutality is likely to come to mind regarding abuse of power, it is not always that overt and easy to be detected. Abuse of power has more to do with decision making and enforcement of harsh rules more than the violent brutality and cruelty that it is characterized by. A simple example of abuse of power is Cinderella’s evil step mother refusing to let her go to the ball, ordering her to clean up after her step sisters, all while mocking and belittling her. The position that the step mother held as caregiver for Cinderella was unchallenged, because her biological parents had passed away (in some versions of the story). So Cinderella had no advocate. She had no defense against the person who was providing food and shelter for her…. hmmm this sounds a lot like slavery right? While this is a simple example from a children’s fairytale, it clearly describes how this spirit works. Abuse of power occurs when a person in a position of power decides to use that power to harm, exploit, deny access, or oppress a person/people who are dependent upon them in some way. This is an ancient problem that never went away….. In the Bible, there is a part of a story that always disturbs me when I read it. It is the story of the aftermath of Hagar having Abraham’s child at the urging of Sarah. When Hagar finally conceived and birthed her son Ishmael, and began to lose respect for Sarah as her mistress. As a result Sarah mistreated Hagar, her handmaiden/slave, so harshly that Hagar fled (Genesis 16:1-6). It’s true that Hagar did act disrespectfully towards Sarah, however Sarah used her position to harm, exploit, and severely distress Hagar to the point that she ran away. We see something similar when Joseph was accused by the Potiphar’s wife. Potiphar’s wife used her position as leverage to have Joseph put in jail. Another biblical example of abuse of power is Haman’s decree to kill the Jews. I used to wonder why people in positions of leadership who were being cruel, oppressive, and harsh enforcers of the rules were always promoted or received awards for this wicked behavior. It bothered me that corporate espionage (on fellow co-workers/subordinates), writing up certain employees for the smallest infractions of the rules (while other employees were able to do as they wished with no question or inspection), and always highlighting the flaws and shortcomings of people rather than also celebrating the good things that people did was the norm. If you can’t tell from the way this is being phrased and written, I definitely feel like I have experienced the unfavorable treatment of this type of oppressive system. While I was definitely not a perfect person in the past, and still am not perfect now (because no one is perfect), I am finally realizing why I felt like I was dealing with slave masters and overseers (employed by slave masters) rather than true leaders that I could admire and respect. Not every leader that I have encountered fits into this category, and there are people that I highly respect because I value their example, so I do not apply this categorization to all leaders. However, it is quite ironic that all of the sentiment and “jokes” about being on the plantation actually hit home, because that slavery system is really where all of this evil oppressive leadership style is rooted from. On a slave plantation masters and overseers can be as cruel and abusive as they see fit as a means to and end to accomplish their goals for production or just to “keep slaves in line.” Out in the field there is no higher authority (as far as law enforcement goes) than the master or overseer and since it’s the master’s property he is free to do as he pleases. So oppressive rules, lack of provision, neglect, abusive treatment, and harsh punishment can be justifiable in the heart and mind of a wicked person who is not only using/exploiting other human beings for gain, but feels like they have the right to do so, since they paid to have those humans on their property. What little they provide in terms of housing, clothes, food, and possibly medical care is not enough to warrant such nasty and vile treatment, and to take away/ forbid, and suppress the basic human rights of another human being. Not only were these slaves exploited for forced labor, many of them (male and female) were raped, publicly embarrassed by selling them naked in open air markets like a sheep or goat, and always treated with suspicion -like they were the criminals when all the while terrible crimes and injustices were being committed against them. Slaves have to “walk on eggshells” around the overseers and masters (and their respective family members) as not to offend or slight because the retribution for such offenses were often brutal, public, and of the harshest nature: think whippings and lynchings.Men and women of color that were previously free were enslaved, or had property stolen/destroyed and every attempt for economic advancement was sabotaged (think black wall street, Seneca Village, Black Miami, and many other communities) even after slavery wa abolished to keep people of color in a disadvantage economically. Is this still not happening in modern society, in the United States of America and beyond? It is a known fact that while people of color are the minority as in the proportion of the population, that they are in the majority in the prison system, in generational poverty cycles, and holding minimum wage jobs that do not lead to economic security. Yes it is true, people of color have overcome many obstacles, obtained high positions of leadership, are becoming more educated and skilled as a whole, and many are doing well economically, but please do not base the success of the few as a measurement for the whole. Many people are still systematically oppressed and caught in cycles that were instituted when their ancestors were brought to their country of residence (because this is happening all over the world). So we have addressed the fact that abuse of power and slavery is not a new concept, but an ancient one, and that regardless of the progression and advancement of some people of color, as a whole many are still living in the effects of an oppressive systemic unjust racial prejudice. Now add to this that slavery is still alive and well in western countries (USA, UK, etc.), and other places in the world: China, India, Africa, Brazil and throughout the Middle East. Every type of human exploitation from sex trafficking to forced labor is beinginflicted on people that are poor and have no means to protect themselves. Militant groups kidnap people and force them into either joining them or becoming slaves. In other cases unsuspecting people are lured to far away countries with the prospect of a new job and better income to provide for the future of their loved ones. Children in India and Africa work dangerous jobs without proper supervision, equipment and protective gear mining ore or other tasks for pennies compared to what an adult person at a reputable company would make. Industries that we do not commonly associate with slavery could be hiding slaves in plain sight of the average person who purchases a service such as a car wash, manicure/pedicure, landscaping, etc. In the industry that I work in, travel customer service, we are trained to identify or question the behavior of person(s) that may be a victim of trafficking. The main obstacle with this training is that cultural norms like the man answering for a woman, or women/children not making direct eye contact can make it difficult to determine whether or not a person is being trafficked or not. As Christians, especially intercessors, this is where discernment is most needed. I must be honest, it is easier to pray for people in this predicament than it is to recognize it happening around us, but we must be vigilant and alert, while praying without ceasing. Image from Time Magazine I want things to change. I want to see a move of God that frees the oppressed and truly sets the captive free. Not just on a spiritual level, but in the natural, physical sense as well. Could it be that the Church has been so spiritually minded regarding slavery and oppression that we have been numbed to its existence and its effects on the people around us? Could it be that we want to believe that slavery, racism, and the abusive residue of both have been put to rest so that we don’t have to take responsibility for making sure that it does not happen to others? Is it possible that the church at large has drank the Kool-Aid of the abolishment of slavery as a law, while not checking to see if those laws were actually being enforced? A short book in the New Testament- Philemon, is a letter from Paul to a wealthy friend Philemon, who was a supporter and philanthropist to the early church, to forgive and restore (essentially set free) his slave Onesimus who ran away and ended up getting into trouble which led to him being imprisoned next to Paul. I think it is so ironic that all of the commentary that I read concerning this very short book of the Bible, make a point to say that the message of the book is not about abolishing slavery, but about forgiveness, acceptance, and receiving converted slaves as brothers in Christ, when Paul’s instruction to Philemon was to not take Onesimus back as a slave but to set him free as a brother in Christ so that he could pursue his purpose in life as a Christian minister- who eventually became a Bishop who introduced salvation to many. I understand that the primary message is not about abolishing slavery, however it is undeniable that if Onesimus had remained a slave he would not have had the opportunity to do what God was calling him to do. He would have been denied the fulfillment of destiny and purpose in life that was designed for him before the creation of time. This proves that slavery is not only a crime against humanity, it is a crime against the advancement of the Kingdom of God. The minimizing of potential of a person reduces the amount of contribution that they can offer to their family, community, and ultimately the world. Let’s get real: Does a book in the Bible have to say specifically that slavery is wrong and an evil practice that does not give glory to God in order for us to agree that it needs to be ended and not inflicted on another human being? Do we need a commandment to say “Thou shalt not make a person your slave,” to enforce the laws that have already been created to prevent and abolish slavery? Would committing to the cause to end slavery of every kind impact our economic system as we know it? Of course it would, but that is the price to pay for the centuries of ignoring the suffering of others for our gain, comfort, or to just not “get involved” with a socially taboo issue that is affecting the lives of many people. If it is wrong, why does God allow it, or even uses it as punishment for serving idols in the Old Testament. In my personal opinion, and I will study more on this topic, however it occurs to me that slavery is not necessaily a “punishment” for idolatry and sin, but more like a consequence of it. Serving the true God leads to freedom and blessing, not necessarily free from all hardship, but much better than the life of a slave. Whereas serving idols which are demonically exalted is only going to lead to enslavement which is the equivalent to dead works. It seems like a punishment because the reality of it is so harsh and unfavorable, but after all of the opportunities the people had to repent it actually is a just outcome. Remember God is love, He is holy, but He is also just. He will not go back on His word, so He has to allow the repercussions of idolatry so that His people can recognize the difference of what is like serving a holy and righteous God, versus serving an evil and perverted demigod. So God gave humanity free will, and with that free will humankind fell into sin. Abuse of power, oppression, slavery, etc. are all effects of sin on the human soul. If we stop here it would make sense for these evil practices to continue, but God also sent His Son Jesus to redeem humankind back to unrestricted access and fellowship with God. The work of the Cross makes slavery, especially modern slavery, something that we can resist supporting, or ignoring. The anointing is not just to set the captives free spiritually, although there is great constellation in that, the anointing was given for people to be free physically and relationally as well. Where is the proof of this? Well Onisemus has already been discussed from the book of Philemon, but what about all of the miracles Jesus released while He was in the flesh? When he gave Blind Bartimaeus his sight, was this an ability to see in the spirit or to see in the natural? When he told the man by the pool of Bethesda to take up his bed and walk, was he proposing this man mentally or emotionally do this, or to physically get up with the bed and walk? When Jesus delivered the man possessed by the Legion, everything about this man changed. His sanity was restored and life as he had been living was completely over! Yes he was set free from spiritual oppression, but everything in his natural life was affected as well. So why minimize what freedom and deliverance means in regards to Christianity? Of course many businesses, corporations, enterprises etc. would go out of business if we actually began to care about the people who are being exploited to make our goods, but if these businesses are illegally using and mistreating people, especially children, for profit then they need to go out of business anyway. Image from The Guardian It will take a lot of work to change these oppressive systems that are the foundation for capitalism in modern society, but someone is waiting, praying, and desperately in need of help. So you are not “called ” to missions or advocacy, that’s fine, can you pray regularly for the release and blessing of these people caught up in such a terrible situation? Can you contribute funds to organizations that specialize in rescuing and reestablishing people who have been ensnared by human trafficking? Can you be observant to your surroundings and sensitive to the cues and indicators of human trafficking and report it immediately? Yes, doing these things: praying, giving, being observant and sensitive are all things that stretch us, but are we not chosen for such a time as this? I admit, as a person who tends to be introverted, I enjoy being in “my own world,” but I desire to serve God in whatever capacity He offers, so I commit to make myself available to His leadership. I do not always get this right, but I am willing. How about you? Image from USA Today Let’s pray: Father God thank you for all of the liberties and freedom that I am blessed to enjoy. Lord I recognize that this freedom came at a very high price. You sent your only Son to die and take the death penalty for me. As a result I can be free in every area of my life, Lord thank you for this. Thank you for all that we take for granted, being able to come and go as we please, opportunities to learn at school and work towards a career, and even for the option to retire later in life. Lord, we know that not everyone is experiencing this level of freedom. Some are being held against their will in abusive, dangerous and neglectful environments. Some are forced physically and/or economically to do things that are shameful, harmful, or exhausting, Lord please step into their situation and rescue them. Lord anoint those ministries, nonprofits, and those chosen citizens of the Kingdom to be positioned with resources and proper channels to effectively deliver any human caught in trafficking, slavery, and abusive situations. Lord You trust us to be Your body in the earth, give us your heart for the suffering, Your arms for the broken, and Your mind for solutions and strategies in the mighty name of Jesus. Lord let this evil system be completely eradicated with Your Kingdom taking over in its place. Lord truly let Your will be done in earth as it is in Heaven concerning this in Jesus name Amen! Thank you for reading, as always use this post to share with and inform those you love. Blessings Always, Dionne Renae Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. 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Best Answer User Avatar Wiki User 2011-10-19 08:33:43 This answer is: User Avatar Study guides See all Study Guides Create a Study Guide Add your answer: Earn +20 pts Q: How many five eights are there in ten? Write your answer... Related questions How many sixteenths are equivalent to five eights? Ten of them. What is five eights of a pound? Ten ounces. How many eights in 41 and five eights? 5.203125 eights What does ten over sixteen equal? .600, or Five Eights. What is five eights of ten? 5/8 of 10 is 6 1/4 or 6.25 Is five eights the same as ten sixteenths? Yes: 5/8 = 10/16 How many eights are in five and five eights? You mean eights. For each whole number/unit, there would be eight, so five times eight would be 40, then you have five more eighths, so 45, all told. What is five eights of 40? what is five eights of fourty your answer is 92 What is seven eights plus three eights? Seven eights plus three eights is ten eights. Now, possibly you intended to ask about eighths, rather than eights. Ten eighths is equal to one and a quarter. However, ten eights is equal to 80. The extra h makes a difference. What is five minus three and three eights? if 4 and eight eights is subtracted by 3 and three eights, then you get 1 and five eights What is three eights plus 7 eights? It is ten eights, or one and two eights or one and a quarter or 1.25 as a decimal. How many eights are equal to ten sixteens? How many five eights are there in 80? 128 of them. What is four divided by five eights equal? it is four divided by five eights How many eights are in five and three eighths? What is ten eights times eight tenths? Ten eights times eight tenths is 1. What is 1 minus five eights? three eights How many eights are in forty? Five of them. What is six and five eights in simplest form? Three quarters is the simplest form for six eights. For five eights there is no simpler form. What is greater five six or three eights? Three Eights Is a five eights socket the same as a three eights socket? What is greater Six eights or five sevenths? six eights. What is five eights as a decimal? What fraction is bigger five eights or five ninths? How many eights in five tenths? 6 7's
Perfiles de los países Níger Descargar en formato PDF A. Executive Summary Niger is positioned at the crossroads of the migratory routes of West and Central Africa. Thus, Niger has become one of the main transit countries for migrants originating from West and Central Africa, moving to North Africa, and migrating irregularly across the Mediterranean. Despite being in a region of political instability and violent extremism, Niger has demonstrated relative stability, both politically and socially. Owing to the closure of the border between Chad and Libya, and the growing dangers on the route through Mali to Algeria, the migration route through Niger has become increasingly relevant. Traditionally, Nigeriens have migrated in an attempt to cope with the dire economic circumstances of their country. Migration has generally been seasonal, during the long dry season. Circular migration has also been common in the region, with Nigeriens migrating to Libya and Algeria, then returning home after a number of years. Recently, however, migration has become more frequent, more irregular, and is characterised by increasing danger and uncertainty. This spike in irregular and unconventional migration can be seen as having been influenced by two key developments: the fall of the Gaddafi regime and the passing of the Anti-Smuggling Law by the Nigerien government. For decades, Niger has experienced regular patterns of migration. The steady flow of migrants from West and Central Africa rapidly accelerated after the fall of the Gaddafi regime in Libya in 2011. In 2015-2016, migration reached its peak as an estimated 330,000 migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers travelled through Niger, with 170,000 moving through the city of Agadez. Agadez and other communities along the main migratory routes were positively affected by this boom in migration. Local economies began to flourish, and migration became a primary source of income for many of these communities. Concerned by the increasing numbers of African migrants to Europe, the European Union attempted to incentivize Niger with aid and assistance, in return for curbing irregular migration. This led to the implementation of the anti-smuggling laws, which in turn led to migration flows dropping from 333,891 in 2016 to 43,380 in 2018. As is the case across West and Central Africa, migration in Niger is driven by a range of negative factors, in particular: economic circumstances, dire environmental realities, violence, and persecution. Emigration in Niger is important for sustaining the livelihoods of rural communities and often takes the form of seasonal labour migration towards neighbouring countries. Nigeriens most commonly migrate internally or to other nearby countries in the region (Nigeria, Libya, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Algeria). In recent years, the government’s inability to provide alternative solutions for Nigeriens who are unable to find work and who are struggling to sustain themselves has created conditions that have motivated individuals to leave the country. Forced migration and internal displacement have only begun constituting an important part of Niger’s migration profile in recent years. These realities have become increasingly relevant due to the deteriorating political situation in neighbouring countries. Niger hosted 380,135 persons of concern as of April 2019, and a total of 156,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) as of December 2018, caused by an increase in outbreaks of violence in Nigerien border regions. Migration issues in Niger are largely managed with a laissez-faire approach. Indeed, migration is not considered to be a key issue for Niger. On a national level, a nationwide policy on migration has yet to be adopted. However, the State did establish a special inter-ministerial committee on migration policy development in 2007, and has since created the first draft of a policy document. Due to the instability in the region, as well as the growing danger and irregularity of migration, a holistic response to migration management on the part of the government is key to ensure Niger’s stability. On a regional level, Niger is bound by ECOWAS legal instruments, including its treaty (1975) and its subsequent protocols regarding the free movement of persons, residence, and establishment. B. Country Profile I. Basic Information The Republic of Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Mali to the northwest, Burkina Faso to the southwest, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger is the largest country in West Africa, with over 80% of its land area lying in the Sahara Desert. The economy centres on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world’s largest uranium deposits. Niger has a population of 22,000,000. The Nigerien population, predominantly Muslim, lives mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. A mere 16.5% of the total population lives in urban areas. The population can be divided into the following ethnic groups: 53.1% Hausa, 21.2% Zarma/Songhai, 11% Tuareg, 6.5% Fulani, 5.9% Kanuri, 0.8% Gurma, 0.4% Arab, 0.4% Tubu, and 0.9% other/unavailable. The current issues in the country include food insecurity, lack of industry, high population growth, a weak educational sector, and few prospects for work outside of subsistence farming and herding. Moreover, transnational and social issues include: a dormant dispute in the Tommo region with Libya, over an area of 25,000 km2; the location of the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint being unresolved; the fact that only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission’s admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; a dispute with Burkina Faso that was referred to the ICJ in 2010; and the 265,522 internally displaced peoples in the regions of Diffa, Tillabéri, and Tahou as a result of clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group. II. International and Internal Migrants Between 2016 and 2019, Niger had registered 1,055,214 migrants with 55% emigrants, 29% immigrants, and 16% internal migrants. A significant decline in migration flows was witnessed after the Government of Niger implemented Law 2015-36 in 2015, which criminalized irregular migration. Internal migration within Niger takes on many different forms: pastoralists have historically moved over hundreds of kilometres with their livestock in the dry and rainy seasons; merchants will move from market to market in local and regional areas on a seasonal basis; Koranic students will often move to work for or study with a particular marabout; and labour migrants will move across the country or to other countries in the region for work opportunities (e.g. gold mines, oil drilling sites, crop-raising areas). Migration profiles across Niger differ from region to region. During higher rainfall periods, movements occur to the North. Long-distance seasonal movements are very costly and are usually only be considered by families with easy access to cash. Seasonal migrants will generally attempt to resettle in an urban centre such as Niamey, before deciding to migrate to more distant destinations within Niger or Nigeria. Migration in Niger does not often involve entire families – traditionally, only certain members of the family migrate, leaving the remainder of the family at a home base. Due to the fact that many migrants only earn a subsistence wage, the economic benefit of the labour migration process in such cases is having one less person at home to feed. Following the political crises in Mali and Libya in 2011, Niger has become a popular transit destination. Migration flows in West Africa have traditionally been intraregional. With the adoption of the Free Movement Protocol between the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), migration across the region has intensified. Several key events have affected the migration routes and flows in Niger between 2010 and 2019. Firstly, the instability in Libya has led to less border controls and migrants being able to cross into Niger more easily. Secondly, the discovery of gold in Djado, north-eastern Niger, led to a rush of migration of prospective gold miners in 2014. Thirdly, the adoption of the 2015 Law criminalizing irregular migration in Niger has led to an increase in the number of checks by law enforcement actors along migration routes, leading to many migrants finding themselves stuck in transit towns. While Niger cannot be considered a major country of destination for international migrants, it is a very important country of transit for sub-Saharan migrants, mainly from ECOWAS member states. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, there were 294,200 international migrants in Niger as of 2019. International migrants comprise 1.3% of the total population in Niger. The vast majority of international migrants in Niger come from West and Central Africa. According to IOM data, almost half of the registered migrants come from just two countries: Guinea (24%) and Senegal (21%). Other top nationalities of migrants include: Cameroon (9%), Côte d’Ivoire (8%), Guinea-Bissau and Gambia (7%), and Mali (6%). The majority of the international migrants in Niger are male (64%) and between the ages of 18-29 (72%). Only 5% of international migrants are minors (younger than 18 years old) and only 4% are 40 years of age or older. The majority of international migrants are single (58.5%), with only about a third declaring that they are married. Niger is a destination country for people from the region looking for economic opportunities. Work in areas such as the gold and uranium mines attracts migrants from other West and Central African countries. In 2019, IOM reported that 131,892 migrants stated Niger as their final destination. Nationals from ECOWAS member states tend to migrate and settle in Niamey (35.5% of international migrants), Tillabéri (18%), and Niasso (13%), while migrants from other African countries tend to migrate and settle in Diffa (34%), Niamey (29%), and Tahoua (15%). High-skilled international migrants tend to be employed in the energy sector, while low-skilled migrants tend to be employed in the construction sector. Female international migrants tend to occupy jobs in sectors where Nigerien women are not employed, due to cultural traditions and restrictions. In Niger, transiting across the country can be extremely time-consuming and expensive, owing to the financial costs of travelling through the Sahara Desert. Thus, it is common for migrants to pause their trip to Europe in Niger in order to earn greater income to afford the whole journey. Cities in Niger such as Agadez, Arlit, and Dirkou have become popular stopover zones for migrants looking to prepare for the remainder of their trip, and as initial places of return for expelled or stranded migrants. III. Emigration and Skilled Migration Historically, emigration flows from Niger were predominantly those of low-skilled workers towards coastal countries in West Africa, such as Côte d’Ivoire. Since the end of the 1990s, labour emigration has largely been driven by three main factors: population-driven land scarcity, poverty, and eco-climatic change. Niger has one of the highest population growth rates in the African continent, it has the lowest human development index in the world, and it is the least resource-endowed country in the Sahel region. Poverty and resource scarcity play a major role in the decision to emigrate, as the bulk of the country’s economy is dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Labour emigration is more than just an economic activity: emigrating is also an act of independence and autonomy from the head of household. The majority of emigrants from Niger find themselves in Nigeria (37.8%), Libya (12.6%), Côte d’Ivoire (12.4%), Benin (8.3%), Ghana (7.7%), Togo (5.2%), and Cameroon (3.5%). Nigerien migration towards member states of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is limited, with an estimated 3% of migrants from Niger residing in European countries. The only countries in Europe where migrants from Niger have been registered are France, Belgium, Italy, and Germany. Nigerien emigration has traditionally been a male phenomenon, due to traditional cultural values that limit the possibilities for women to migrate on their own. In the western Nigerien region, young men make up the vast majority of labour emigrants; but in the Hausa-dominated areas in central Niger, there is greater involvement of women in emigration. Nigerien migrants tend to be low-skilled (mirroring the level of education across the country), and generally occupy jobs in the agricultural sector. Households that are larger tend to have more migrants, whereas smaller households tend to be poorer and rely on all members of their family since they have a limited ability to hire labour. Emigration from Niger is generally temporary and seasonal, corresponding to seasonal agricultural activities. In ECOWAS member states, Nigerien migrants generally stay in the country for six to seven months, while in countries outside of the region, the stay generally lasts for periods of one to two years. According to World Bank estimates, remittances in Niger amounted to $320,411,764 in 2019. The majority of this amount was sent from African countries. Given its geographical position, Niger has become a major hub for movements towards Libya, Algeria, and the Mediterranean. Due to the complex humanitarian and security crisis in Libya, Niger has become an alternative space for protection. This includes the large numbers of asylum seekers and refugees unable to reach Europe, and those being deported from Algeria onto Nigerien territory. In 2019, Niger saw an increase of 14% of people of concern seeking refuge in the country (from 386,978 to 441,899 over the course of the year). Of this total figure, 180,006 were refugees, 37,919 were asylum seekers, 191,902 were internally displaced persons (IDPs), and 32,072 were other persons of concern. Niger has offered stability and an open asylum space for asylum seekers and refugees who are fleeing conflict and persecution, with the most significant proportions coming from Libya, Mali, and Nigeria. Of the 37,919 asylum seekers, 66% were Nigerian and 32% Malian. Of the 5,768 asylum applications filed in 2018, a total of 1,571 decisions have been reached on the initial applications so far (with 100% being answered positively). Maradi, in southern Niger, recently received an influx of 23,000 refugees from Nigeria, fleeing the on-going violence in the north-western parts of the country. Over 60,000 refugees have fled violence in that part of Nigeria to seek safety and sanctuary in Niger. This same violence and insecurity in areas bordering Nigeria have caused 19,000 Niger nationals to become displaced inside their own country. The UNHCR has worked closely with authorities in Niger to try and relocate almost 7,000 refugees to villages about 20 kilometres away from the Nigerian border. The number of IDPs in the Tillabéri and Tahoua regions has increased by 44% over the past year, leaving a total of 139,780 people internally displaced. V. Victims of Human Trafficking The government of Niger does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but it is making significant efforts to do so. Niger is considered a Tier 2 country owing to increased efforts demonstrated by the government; with officials investigating and prosecuting more suspected traffickers and identifying more victims. The government also increased funding to the National Coordinating Commission for the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (CNCLTP) and the National Agency for the Fight against Trafficking in Persons and the Illicit Transport of Migrants (ANLTP/TIM). A shelter for trafficking victims was opened and is staffed by the national government, the first of its kind in the country. Despite being a landlocked country, Niger is still a departure, transit, and destination point for victims of human trafficking and migrant smuggling. Niger is a transit country for men, women, and children from West and Central Africa through Algeria, Libya, and Morocco to Western Europe. Nigerien authorities claim to have made the fight against human trafficking a government priority, though many officials are not yet knowledgeable enough about the trafficking and smuggling of migrants. Human traffickers exploit both domestic and foreign victims in Niger, and also exploit victims from Niger abroad. Traffickers in Niger have traditionally primarily exploited Nigerien women and children, as well as those from West and Central Africa, in sex and labour trafficking. Nigerien children are forced to labour: in the country’s gold, salt, trona, and gypsum mines; in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors; and by begging in markets and at bus stations. Girls and women are sex trafficked along the border with Nigeria, and many Nigerian women becoming victims of human trafficking during their transit through Niger to North Africa. VI. National Legal Framework Niger is party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, as well as the OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa of 1969. On a regional level, it is party to the Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and its protocols as well as the Treaty on the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Both of these instruments establish the “freedom of movement of persons, goods, services, and capital of the citizen of its member states, as well as the right of residence and establishment.” Despite the establishment of an inter-ministerial committee on migration policy development in 2007 and the creation of a first policy draft document in 2014, Niger has yet to adopt a national migration policy. The Inter-Ministerial Committee in charge of the Elaboration of a National Migration Policy is placed under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior and is composed of officials from the main ministries involved in the management of migration. The cabinet of the Prime Minister is in charge of the political response to migration and cooperates closely with the Ministry of the Interior. The three ministries that most deal with issues relating to migration are the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry of Justice hosts the national Commission and the National Agency for the Fight against Trafficking in Persons. Due to the implementation of the 2015 Law Against the Illicit Smuggling of Migrants, smuggling in persons has been added to their mandate. This law makes it illegal for non-Nigerien nationals to travel north of Agadez. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs hosts the Directorate General of Legal and Consular Affairs, which is responsible for travel documentation, as well as the Directorate for Nigeriens living Abroad and the High Council for Nigeriens Abroad, which are responsible for policies and programmes concerning diaspora relations. National authorities appear to be rather flexible in their approach to dealing with irregular migration. Since irregular migration is not considered to be a major threat to Niger, the removal of foreigners is very rarely a result of their irregular migration status. Irregular migrants are generally only removed if they commit a criminal offense in the country. However, given the political instability and the existence of terrorist threats in the region, national authorities have begun removing foreigners more frequently. VII. Main Actors The State Historically, migration within Niger has not been seen as a high priority for government. This is due to the marginal amount of the population that is involved in or affected by migration, as well as the relative urgency of other issues (such as security, regional political instability, and climate change). Governance issues such as low state capacity, economic inequality, and corruption have resulted in the State falling short on the provision of basic services and migration management. Policies and programs have failed to address the root causes of migration, while simultaneously inflaming the causes. Niger faces several governance barriers to effective migration control, namely lack of resources, factionalism in government, impunity, and low state capacity. Many Nigeriens who emigrate believe that the government can prevent irregular migration and skilled emigration by creating alternative solutions for the vast majority of the population who are unable to find a job. Gaps in governance affect people’s likelihood to migrate: weak and incapable governance produces increased migration. To engage with and address migration effectively, the Nigerien state needs to expand existing governance frameworks in order to manage new forms of human mobility and enhance the resilience of Nigerien migrants. However, despite migration mismanagement, Niger’s relative stability and location have contributed to it becoming a strategic ally of the United States, in efforts of counterterrorism and stability as well as the management of migration in the region. The Catholic Church There are roughly 16,000 Catholics in Niger, which is divided into two dioceses: the Diocese of Maradi and the much larger Diocese of Niamey. The Catholic Relief Services’ Action for the Protection and Integration of Migration in West Africa (APIMA), works to ensure safe migration by targeting youth, returned migrants, migrants in transit, and community members from the Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Senegal. CRS has worked with church partners targeting youth before their departure and upon their return. CRS likewise tries to reduce the stigmas associated with migrants returning to their communities of origin and support their reintegration. CRS works in West Africa to provide economic activities and protection with the following objectives: to create economic opportunities for youth at home, to provide youth with the skills necessary to gain and retain employment, to connect youth with local businesses and employers, to connect migrants and returned migrants to service providers to help meet their basic needs, to provide trauma awareness and resilience training to migrants in transit and upon return, and to organize conversations with migrants, community members, and government officials on safe migration practices. In Niger, the communities of Agadez and Niamey have been served by CRS. Caritas Développement Niger (CADEV) is one of the main humanitarian organisations in the country. It was established in 1962 as Caritas Niger and then restructured and finally established and recognised as an NGO by the Niger government in 2005. Historically, CADEV has worked to implement the pastoral care of the Church among the most vulnerable and to promote Islamic-Christian dialogue and coexistence. Recently, CADEV has extended its emergency and development projects, with a particular focus on the fight against food insecurity, in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Since the beginning of the pandemic, CADEV has been trying to provide parishes, communities, schools, and health centres with the necessary means to maintain hygiene measures and to avoid the spread of the virus, particularly in the Archdiocese of Niamey and the Diocese of Maradi, located in the two largest cities of the country. Finally, the Society of African Missionaries (SAM) has been present since the 1990s, carrying out activities to aid the most vulnerable, including children, migrants, and refugees. Among the main objectives of the Catholic Mission is human development through education, health, justice, peace, integration, and interreligious dialogue. International Organisations Core international organisations that have drastically increased their presence in Niger in recent years are the IOM and the UNHCR. IOM works with the Government of Niger and other relevant partners on the implementation of the anti-smuggling law, the development of an action plan on how to combat smuggling, and the provision of training to law enforcement and the judiciary. IOM also provides the Government and its different branches and agencies with capacity building and expertise in the different fields of migration. In order to support the Government in the development of a comprehensive national strategy on migration, IOM collects and analyses data on migration through profiling, providing counselling and direct assistance, and assisting with voluntary return to countries of origin. IOM works in the whole of the ECOWAS region, promoting regional cross-border cooperation, increased coordination, and information exchange between border agencies. They have opened up five open-type transit centres for migrants in Arlit, Dirkou, Agadez, and Niamey. Accommodation occurs on a voluntary basis, and the main condition for being accommodated is a willingness to voluntarily return home. The main assistance provided at these centres is food, water, shelter, health and psychosocial assistance, and assistance with travel documents. The UNHCR operation in Niger is managed by 416 staff in 8 different locations. While UNHCR continues to be focused on delivering aid to those most in need, the organisation is becoming increasingly involved with the Government and other relevant stakeholders in order to augment and improve coordination. Due to rising insecurity along the borders of Niger, the numbers of internally displaced persons has sharply increased. With the support of the European Union, UNHCR constructed 2,164 social houses for the most vulnerable refugees and Nigeriens in the Diffa region. UNHCR and the Government of Niger have worked together to develop a joint strategy to close camps in the Tillabéri region in order to support the socioeconomic integration of Malian refugees into the country. UNHCR also manages multiple refugee camps and is strongly engaged with the Government of Niger, NGO partners, and the World Bank to create development-oriented interventions and foster economic recovery and long-term solutions through urbanization and the construction of sustainable housing. Other Organisations The “Protection of Migrants: Justice, Human Rights, and Migrant Smuggling” (PROMIS) project was established in Niger in 2018. It is a joint initiative between the West Africa Regional Office of UN Human Rights and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime that aims to strengthen the fight against the smuggling of migrants in West Africa. The Regional Office of UN Human Rights has worked to try and strengthen the capacity and capability of Niger to develop a human rights-based approach to the smuggling of migrants. The Office aims to “conduct assessment missions on migrants’ rights, provide technical and legal assistance to national human rights institutions, paralegal/legal institutions and civil society actors, and provide grants to civil society organizations working on migrants’ human rights.” VIII. Other Issues Niger is among many other states in the Sahel region that saw a significant resurgence of extremist violence in 2019. Boko Haram’s violent insurgency managed to spread from north-eastern Nigeria to communities in Niger, which suffered more than 1,100 deaths in the twelve months prior to July 18, 2020. There is particular instability in the Tillabéri region near Niger’s borders with Mali and Burkina Faso, and the Diffa region near the Lake Chad Basin. The Head of the United Nations Office for West African and the Sahel (UNOWAS), Mohamed Ibn Chambas, declared that despite efforts by the governments of the concerned countries, violent extremists continue to attack security forces and civilians, forcing children to fight in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria.
tset 1 tset(1) tset(1) tset, reset - terminal initialization tset - initialization Tset initializes terminals. Tset first determines the type of terminal that you are using. This determination is done as follows, using the first terminal type found. 1. The terminal argument specified on the command line. 2. The value of the TERM environmental variable. (On System-V-like UNIXes and systems using that conven- tion, getty does this job by setting TERM according to the type passed to it by /etc/inittab.) 4. The default terminal type, "unknown". If the terminal type was not specified on the command- section TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING for more information). Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark ("?"), the user is prompted for confirmation of the termi- nal type. An empty response confirms the type, or, another type can be entered to specify a new type. Once the terminal type has been determined, the terminfo entry for the terminal is retrieved. If no terminfo entry is found for the type, the user is prompted for another ter- minal type. Once the terminfo entry is retrieved, the window size, backspace, interrupt and line kill characters (among many other things) are set and the terminal and tab initializa- tion strings are sent to the standard error output. Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill characters have changed, or are not set to their default values, their values are displayed to the standard error output. reset - reinitialization When invoked as reset, tset sets cooked and echo modes, turns off cbreak and raw modes, turns on newline transla- tion and resets any unset special characters to their default values before doing the terminal initialization described above. This is useful after a program dies leaving a terminal in an abnormal state. Note, you may have to type the abnormal state. Also, the terminal will often not echo the command. The options are as follows: -c Set control characters and modes. -e Set the erase character to ch. -I Do not send the terminal or tab initialization strings to the terminal. -i Set the interrupt character to ch. -k Set the line kill character to ch. See the section TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING for more infor- -Q Do not display any values for the erase, interrupt and line kill characters. Normally tset displays the values for control characters which differ from the system's default values. -q The terminal type is displayed to the standard out- put, and the terminal is not initialized in any way. The option "-" by itself is equivalent but archaic. -r Print the terminal type to the standard error output. -s Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize the environment variable TERM to the standard output. See the section SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT for details. -V reports the version of ncurses which was used in this program, and exits. -w Resize the window to match the size deduced via setupterm. Normally this has no effect, unless setupterm is not able to detect the window size. entered as actual characters or by using the "hat" nota- tion, i.e., control-h may be specified as "^H" or "^h". It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment. This is done using the -s option. information into the shell's environment are written to the standard output. If the SHELL environmental variable ends in "csh", the commands are for csh, otherwise, they shell variable noglob, leaving it unset. The following line in the .login or .profile files will initialize the environment correctly: eval `tset -s options ... ` When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the current system information is incorrect) the terminal type derived from the /etc/ttys file or the TERM environmental variable is often something generic like network, dialup, often desirable to provide information about the type of terminal used on such ports. conditions to a terminal type, that is, to tell tset "If that kind of terminal". The argument to the -m option consists of an optional port type, an optional operator, an optional baud rate specifi- cation, an optional colon (":") character and a terminal operator or the colon character). The operator may be any inverts the sense of the test. The baud rate is specified as a number and is compared with the speed of the standard error output (which should be the control terminal). The terminal type is a string. If the terminal type is not specified on the command line, port type and baud rate match the mapping, the terminal type specified in the mapping replaces the current type. If more than one mapping is specified, the first applica- ble mapping is used. For example, consider the following mapping: is >, the baud rate specification is 9600, and the termi- nal type is vt100. The result of this mapping is to spec- ify that if the terminal type is dialup, and the baud rate is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of vt100 will be used. If no baud rate is specified, the terminal type will match type will match any port type. For example, -m dialup:vt100 -m :?xterm will cause any dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal type vt100, and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type user will be queried on a default port as to whether they are actually using an xterm terminal. No whitespace characters are permitted in the -m option argument. Also, to avoid problems with meta-characters, it is suggested that the entire -m option argument be placed within single quote characters, and that csh users insert a backslash character ("\") before any exclamation marks ("!"). The tset command appeared in BSD 3.0. The ncurses imple- mentation was lightly adapted from the 4.4BSD sources for a terminfo environment by Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyr- Neither IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications tset or reset. The tset utility has been provided for backward-compati- bility with BSD environments (under most modern UNIXes, each dial-up line; this obviates what was tset's most important use). This implementation behaves like 4.4BSD tset, with a few exceptions specified here. TERM, not TERMCAP. Both of these changes are because the TERMCAP variable is no longer supported under terminfo- noisily rather than silently induce lossage). There was an undocumented 4.4BSD feature that invoking tset via a link named "TSET" (or via any other name begin- ning with an upper-case letter) set the terminal to use upper-case only. This feature has been omitted. tset utility in 4.4BSD. None of them were documented in but were retained as they appear to be in widespread use. It is strongly recommended that any usage of these three -d, and -p options are therefore omitted from the usage summary above. driver which was replaced in 4BSD in the early 1980s. To accommodate these older systems, the 4BSD tset provided a -n option to specify that the new terminal driver should be used. This implementation does not provide that options without arguments, although it is strongly recom- mended that such usage be fixed to explicitly specify the As of 4.4BSD, executing tset as reset no longer implies and the terminal argument in some historic implementations of tset has been removed. The -c and -w options are not found in earlier implementa- tions. However, a different window size-change feature was provided in 4.4BSD. o In 4.4BSD, tset uses the window size from the termcap description to set the window size if tset is not able to obtain the window size from the operating system. o In ncurses, tset obtains the window size using setupterm, which may be from the operating system, the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables or the termi- nal description. Obtaining the window size from the terminal description is common to both implementations, but considered obsoles- cent. Its only practical use is for hardware terminals. Generally speaking, a window size would be unset only if there were some problem obtaining the value from the oper- ating system (and setupterm would still fail). For that reason, the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables may be useful for working around window-size problems. Those have the drawback that if the window is resized, those variables must be recomputed and reassigned. To do this more easily, use the resize(1) program. The tset command uses these environment variables: tells tset whether to initialize TERM using sh or csh TERM Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is distinct, though many are similar. may denote the location of a termcap database. If it is not an absolute pathname, e.g., begins with a "/", tset removes the variable from the environment before looking for the terminal description. system port name to terminal type mapping database (BSD versions only). terminal capability database This describes ncurses version 6.0 (patch 20160611).
Recycling Project Currently there is no recycling in our Community. This means that easily recyclable goods like aluminium cans and plastics end up in our landfill. This is an important issue in our school and community because in this day and age everyone should be recycling. It’s wasteful not to recycle, and it is our vision to encourage recycling! A recycling Project at D.R. Hamilton was established, with waste audits and communication activities. 12. Responsible Consumption and Production What is your vision for Canada? Share your vision and action today Submit Project
One of the main tenets of the scientific method; repeating an experiment to ensure that the results can be attained again. May use an exact duplicate of an experiment or an alternative procedure, or completely different techniques may be used to try to gather theoretical information. See also: balanced replication. REPLICATION: "Replication helps to ensure that an outcome for an experiment is not a fluke." Cite this page: N., Sam M.S., "REPLICATION," in, April 28, 2013, (accessed October 22, 2021).
Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time. Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing (i) You are chosen for representing your school at the regional level inter-school debate contest. Prepare a debate for the same on the topic given below: ‘Newspapers ought to contain more news and fewer advertisements Newspapers Ought to Contain More News and Fewer Advertisements (by Pradeepa) Respected Chairperson, August faculty and dear friends, It is painful to see that journalists have lost all ethics and professionalism today. They adopt diverse techniques to increase the revenue of their paper. They try to sensationalise the news to win more readers. However, even the newspaper having the largest circulation is not self-dependent. It must have plenty of commercial advertisements to meet its running costs. In fact, it is these ads which provide the owners the requisite funds. Thus, advertisements cannot be ruled out. They are a necessary evil and must stay. The owners and editors of the newspapers must also realise their responsibility to the nation. The press is the strongest pillar of democracy. It creates sensible public opinion in favor of good policies and criticises the wrong policies. The newspapers must maintain a balance between news and advertisements. A common man buys a newspaper for news. It would be better that the editors publish a classified advertisement supplement twice or thrice a week and save the general reader from the proliferation of advertisements while scanning the pages for views and news. Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing (ii) Prepare a debate on the topic ‘Corruption’. Yesterday we had a debate about corruption. Of course, everybody was against it, particularly in Third World countries where it undermines economic progress and social and political institutions. But when it comes to business some people weren’t so sure. Corruption is often hidden in the form of fees or taxes or commissions. If these are needed to help get the business instead of your competitor, then a little flexibility is needed. Fortunately, I was faced with this very early in my business career. I told their Lordships a little cautionary tale. My company developed some new technology in the textile industry and the way it could be used in many countries was through licensing. On one occasion, I had to convince an official to give us a permit. In his bookcase were copies of Dickens, Shakespeare, the Oxford English Dictionary and so I complimented him on his interest in English literature. He looked at me and handed me a copy of Dombey and Son. I opened it up and inside was a cutout which exactly fitted American dollar bills. Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing (iii) Impact of Demonetization on Common Man At the stroke of the hour on midnight of 9th November 2016, India lost 86% of its monetary base. The print, electronic and social media has been praising Prime Minister’s masterstroke by which he has reportedly destroyed the base of corruption in India. In this single move, the Government has attempted to tackle all the three issues affecting the economy, /.<?., a parallel economy, counterfeit currency in circulation and terror financing. There is no doubt that Prime Minister has pulled out a major coop and substantially enhanced his reputation as a strong leader. Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing Views and Counterviews: The idea of demonetization is good but it has to be taken into consideration that most of the black money is kept in the form, buildings or gold or kept abroad. What is in cash constitutes only 4% of the total amount of black money on which taxes are not being paid. Out of this, a lot of money is in circulation in an everyday transaction like if someone is building a house; the bill is not paid through banks for sand, bricks, etc. This money goes into the other systems though it has been drawn from bank. These things will come under control with this step. Small farmers, sellers, merchants, daily wage labourers and traders are suffering because of lack of proper planning, intelligence and foresight such as recaliberation of ATM machines. There was need to pile up enough 100 Rupee notes and other smaller denomination notes in the market before taking this step. It is being said by critics that this step was taken only to bolster the image of the Prime Minister as he has been unable to deliver on GDP growth, inflation and bringing the black money from abroad. Demonetization is an established practice in monetary policy to tackle black money. The Prime Minister has explained why this is a financial surgical strike. It was meant to be suddenly implemented. In the past, demonetization has taken place twice but it fails because the idea is to tackle the black money existing in circulation. This is not to tackle corruption per se or the Government is not saying that 100% corruption will be tackled. If announcement and time would have been given, this step might not have been successful in controlling black money and counterfeit currency in circulation coming from Pakistan, Nepal or other countries. Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing People are facing problems because the limit of withdrawal has not been kept at a higher level. If this would have been kept at a higher level, there were chances that the recycling of black money might begin. The ideal money in circulation has to come to the banking channels. It is also being said that what is being attempted is replacement of currency and not demonetization itself which was unnecessary. This is a terrible setback for the international standing of the Indian economy. At this time, the economy is struggling with slowdown. There is demand sluggishness in the economy leading to practically no private sector investment and stagnant industrial growth. If we look at the farm sector, this is the harvest time. Farmers generally deal in cash and India is also largely a cash economy. The cash transactions in this economy are far more than the total number of electronic transactions done on a daily basis. In the tribal heartland of the country, the poor people through middlemen are getting their currencies exchanged for Rs 300 or Rs 400 because of lack of proper information which is hitting them. The stock of the black economy that constitutes a major part of the GDP is significant. Even if 50% of this amount is withdrawn, the kind of relief that RBI will get on its liabilities and the sort of deposits commercial banks will get will lead to a rise in the deposit and later on there will be decrease in lending rates plus fiscal deficit. The black money in circulation is like a steroid in the economy which keeps the demand going and gives a feeling that everything is working well. The problem is that investment is not taking place in the economy and the rate of growth of capital formation is down. The only way to bring this up is to divert more funds into investments which will happen when the cost of capital comes down. Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing So far, it can be said that this is a historical step and should be supported by all. One should look at the bigger picture which will definitely fetch results in the long term. This is what the people have been asking for a long time which has finally happened. Leave a Comment Scroll to Top
Shiveluch Volcano in Kamchatka threw a column of ash 5.5 km September 12, 2013. Emissions of ash to a height of 5.5 kilometers from the crater occurred, the northernmost active volcano in Kamchatka — Shiveluch, said GU Emergencies Ministry in the Kamchatka region. "The ash cloud from the release spread over a distance of 30 kilometers in the south-east from the volcano towards the Ust-Kamchatsky municipal area. Ash falls in the settlements is not registered, "- said in a statement. According to rescuers, there is no threat to human settlements. "All the travel companies informed of the dangers that may lie in wait for tourists in case of hiking the volcano Shiveluch. They strongly advised not to drive a tourist groups on routes and routes running near it, "- noted in the department. Increased activity of the volcano, whose height is about 3.3 thousand meters above sea level, started in May 2009. Periodically rise above the crater powerful pillars of ash. For villages eruption no danger, but ash plumes pose a serious threat to aviation. In humans and animals volcanic ash having a complex chemical composition, capable of eliciting poisoning. Source: RIA Novosti Like this post? Please share to your friends:
“What country can preserve its liberties if their rulers are not warned from time to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance? Let them take arms.” Thomas Jefferson 1787 Victors write history from their perspective. We seldom hear from the conquered which limits our ability to understand the rebellion. Was the uprising based in ignorance, wickedness, desperation, or virtue? Imagine for a moment we lost the Revolutionary War. It is difficult because all we know is the rebels story, because in this case they were victorious. The resistance wrote our history books portraying a glorious, romantic and virtuous war against an evil tyrannical empire. Rebels are memorialized as heroic patriots while loyalists and British soldiers are demonized. Is this a fair and accurate portrait of what life was like back then? The dynamics of today are not far removed from the times of our founding fathers. About a third of the colonists were loyal to the crown. About a third of them were committed to the rebellion. The remaining third were apathetic, content to not get involved. Almost 250 years later the characteristics in America remain the same. About a third are loyal to the leftist agenda, about a third are committed to preserving liberty, and about a third are complacent. The legacy of insurrection should be celebrated by our citizens. We may, or may not agree with the individual motives, but we dare not subdue the spirit. Complacency kills liberty. We have the constitutional right to peacefully protest. We have the right to vote and elect our leaders. We have the right to keep and bear arms to protect these rights. When our leaders fail to listen and fix elections in order to cling to power, we are obligated to remind them of these rights. Taking arms against one’s own countrymen is not a trivial decision. The colonial rebels endured decades of mistreatment. They exhausted every peaceful effort to find a compromise for their grievances. Facing the choice between slavery to the aristocrats or fighting for freedom, they chose to fight. With extreme foresight, they understood the evil inherent in power. They entrenched into our foundation a protection from future elites, guaranteeing we keep our liberties. The first two amendments are not in random or accidental order. Freedom of speech and peaceful protest is the first amendment because it is our first line of defense against tyranny. The right to keep arms guaranteed to us in the second amendment is our contractual agreement with our elected leaders. This covenant states we as citizens are temporally entrusting the elected leaders with power over us. If there comes a time when the leaders forget their place we institute the final phase. The right to bear arms. When a government fears the people there is liberty, when a people fear the government there is tyranny. We must all ask ourselves in which state is our current society. Do we fear our government or do they fear us? Future generations will learn about our current events as history, but who is going to be writing that history? It is every liberty loving citizen’s obligation to insure truth is taught to our children, now and forever. Leave a Reply
In FAQ's Do Muslims worship the same God as the Jews and Christians? Â What does the word Allah mean? Â Is Allah the Moon-god? Some of the biggest misconceptions that many non-Muslims have about Islam have to do with the word â€œAllah.â€ Â For various reasons, many people have come to believe that Muslims worship a different God than Christians and Jews. Â This is totally false, since â€œAllahâ€ is simply the Arabic word for â€œGodâ€ – and there is only One God.Â Let there be no doubt – Muslims worship the God of Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus – peace be upon them all.Â However, it is certainly true that Jews, Christians and Muslims all have different concepts of Almighty God.Â For example, Muslims – like Jews – reject the Christian beliefs of the Trinity and the Divine Incarnation.Â This, however, does not mean that each of these three religions worships a different God – because, as we have already said, there is only One True God.Â Judaism, Christianity and Islam all claim to be â€œAbrahamic Faithsâ€, and all of them are also classified as â€œmonotheistic.â€Â However, Islam teaches that other religions have, in one way or another, distorted and nullified a pure and proper belief in Almighty God by neglecting His true teachings and mixing them with man-made ideas. First of all, it is important to note that â€œAllahâ€ is the same word that Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews use for God.Â If you pick up an Arabic Bible, you will see the word â€œAllahâ€ being used where â€œGodâ€ is used in English.Â This is because â€œAllahâ€ is a word in the Arabic language equivalent to the English word â€œGodâ€ with a capital â€œGâ€.Â Additionally, the word â€œAllahâ€ cannot be made plural, a fact which goes hand-in-hand with the Islamic concept of God. It is interesting to note that the Aramaic word â€œElâ€, which is the word for God in the language that Jesus spoke, is certainly more similar in sound to the word â€œAllahâ€ than the English word â€œGod.â€Â This also holds true for the various Hebrew words for God, which are â€œElâ€ and â€œElahâ€, and the plural or glorified form â€œElohim.â€Â The reason for these similarities is that Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic are all Semitic languages with common origins.Â It should also be noted that in translating the Bible into English, the Hebrew word â€œElâ€ is translated variously as â€œGodâ€, â€œgodâ€ and â€œangelâ€! Â This imprecise language allows different translators, based on their preconceived notions, to translate the word to fit their own views.Â The Arabic word â€œAllahâ€ presents no such difficulty or ambiguity, since it is only used for Almighty God alone.Â Additionally, in English, the only difference between â€œgodâ€, meaning a false god, and â€œGodâ€, meaning the One True God, is the capital â€œGâ€.Â Due to the above mentioned facts, a more accurate translation of the word â€œAllahâ€ into English might be â€œThe One -and-Only Godâ€ or â€œThe One True God.â€ More importantly, it should also be noted that the Arabic word â€œAllahâ€ contains a deep religious message due to its root meaning and origin.Â This is because it stems from the Arabic verb taâ€™allaha (or alaha), which means â€œto be worshipped.â€Â Thus in Arabic, the word â€œAllahâ€ means â€œThe One who deserves all worship.â€Â This, in a nutshell, is the Pure Monotheistic message of Islam. Suffice it to say that just because someone claims to be a â€œmonotheisticâ€ Jew, Christian or Muslim, that does not keep them from falling into corrupt beliefs and idolatrous practices.Â Many people, including some Muslims, claim belief in â€œOne Godâ€ even though theyâ€™ve fallen into acts of idolatry.Â Certainly, many Protestants accuse Roman Catholics of idolatrous practices in regards to the saints and the Virgin Mary.Â Likewise, the Greek Orthodox Church is considered â€œidolatrousâ€ by many other Christians because in much of their worship they use icons.Â However, if you ask a Roman Catholic or a Greek Orthodox person if God is â€œOneâ€, they will invariably answer: â€œYes!.â€Â This claim, however, does not stop them from being â€œcreature worshippingâ€ idolaters.Â The same goes for Hindus, who just consider their gods to be â€œmanifestationsâ€ or â€œincarnationsâ€ of the One Supreme God. Before concludingâ€¦ there are some people out there, who are obviously not on the side of truth, that want to get people to believe that â€œAllahâ€ is just some Arabian â€œgodâ€ (Such as the claim propagated by Robert Morey in his work, The Moon-god Allaah in the Archeology of the Middle East. For a discussion of this work, please see the following link- http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Sources/Allah/moongod.html), and that Islam is completely â€œotherâ€ – meaning that it has no common roots with the other Abrahamic religions (i.e. Christianity and Judaism).Â To say that Muslims worship a different â€œGodâ€ because they say â€œAllahâ€ is just as illogical as saying that French people worship another God because they use the word â€œDieuâ€, that Spanish-speaking people worship a different God because they say â€œDiosâ€ or that the Jews worshipp a different God because they sometimes call Him â€œYahweh.â€ Â Certainly, reasoning like this is quite ridiculous! Â It should also be mentioned, that claiming that any one language uses the only the correct word for God is tantamount to denying the universality of Godâ€™s message to mankind, which was to all nations, tribes and people through various prophets who spoke different languages. We would like to ask our readers about the motives of these people? Â The reason is that the Ultimate Truth of Islam stands on solid ground and its unshakeable belief in the Unity of God is above reproach.Â Due to this, Christians canâ€™t criticize its doctrines directly, but instead fabricate things about Islam that arenâ€™t true so that people lose the desire to learn more.Â If Islam were presented in the proper way to the world, it surely might make many people reconsider and re-evaluate their own beliefs.Â It is quite likely that when they find out that there is a universal religion in the world that teaches people to worship and love God, while also practicing Pure Monotheism, would at least feel that they should re-examine the basis for their own beliefs and doctrines. You may also read! Mobile Sliding Menu
From Things and Stuff Wiki Jump to navigation Jump to search See also Storage/Files#Archiving • - a (now deprecated) Unix shell compression program based on Huffman coding. The unpack utility will restore files to their original state after they have been compressed using the pack utility. If no files are specified, the standard input will be uncompressed to the standard output. • - the two lossless data compression algorithms published in papers by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977 and 1978. They are also known as LZ1 and LZ2 respectively. These two algorithms form the basis for many variations including LZW, LZSS, LZMA and others. Besides their academic influence, these algorithms formed the basis of several ubiquitous compression schemes, including GIF and the DEFLATE algorithm used in PNG and ZIP. •–Ziv–Welch - (LZW) is a universal lossless data compression algorithm created by Abraham Lempel, Jacob Ziv, and Terry Welch. It was published by Welch in 1984 as an improved implementation of the LZ78 algorithm published by Lempel and Ziv in 1978. The algorithm is simple to implement and has the potential for very high throughput in hardware implementations. It is the algorithm of the widely used Unix file compression utility compress and is used in the GIF image format. • a Unix shell compression program based on the LZW compression algorithm. Compared to more modern compression utilities such as gzip and bzip2, compress performs faster and with less memory usage, at the cost of a significantly lower compression ratio. The uncompress utility will restore files to their original state after they have been compressed using the compress utility. If no files are specified, the standard input will be uncompressed to the standard output. unzip -l # list files in archive for z in .zip; do unzip $z; done # unzip all in folder, overwrite files automatically • - A compression utility that excels at compressing large files (usually > 10-50 MB). Larger files and/or more free RAM means that the utility will be able to more effectively compress your files (ie: faster / smaller size), especially if the filesize(s) exceed 100 MB. You can either choose to optimise for speed (fast compression / decompression) or size, but not both. • gzip, gunzip, zcat - compress or expand files • p7zip is a port of 7za.exe for POSIX systems like Unix (Linux, Solaris, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Cygwin, AIX, ...), MacOS X and also for BeOS and Amiga. 7za.exe is the command line version of 7-zip, see 7-Zip is a file archiver with highest compression ratio. • man z7 (p7zip) • p7zip-light in AUR 7z x filename extract archive with directories 7z a myzip ./MyFolder/ add a folder to an archive tar -cvJf filename.tar.xz directory/* morefiles.. # create verbose xz filearchive • - a data format specification for data streams compressed with a specific combination of the general-purpose LZ77 lossless compression algorithm, Huffman coding and 2nd order context modelling. Brotli was initially developed to decrease the size of transmissions of WOFF2 web fonts, and in that context was a continuation of the development of zopfli, which is a zlib-compatible implementation of the standard gzip and deflate specifications. • - data compression software that encodes data into DEFLATE, gzip and zlib formats. It achieves higher compression than other DEFLATE/zlib implementations, but takes much longer to perform the compression. It was first released in February 2013 by Google as a free software programming library under the Apache License, Version 2.0. The name Zöpfli is the Swiss German diminutive of “Zopf”, an unsweetened type of Hefezopf. # Extract Files extract() { if [ -f $1 ] ; then case $1 in .tar.bz2) tar xvjf $1 ;; .tar.gz) tar xvzf $1 ;; .tar.xz) tar xvJf $1 ;; .bz2) bunzip2 $1 ;; .rar) unrar x $1 ;; .gz) gunzip $1 ;; .tar) tar xvf $1 ;; .tbz2) tar xvjf $1 ;; .tgz) tar xvzf $1 ;; .zip) unzip $1 ;; .Z) uncompress $1 ;; .7z) 7z x $1 ;; .xz) unxz $1 ;; .exe) cabextract $1 ;; atool archive.tar.gz # extract archive to subdir, or current dir if only one file atool -D archive.tar.gz # extract archive to subdir • dtrx - extracts archives in a number of different formats; it currently supports tar, zip (including self-extracting .exe files), cpio, rpm, deb, gem, 7z, cab, rar, lzh, and InstallShield files. It can also decompress files compressed with gzip, bzip2, lzma, xz, or compress. In addition to providing one command to handle many different archive types, dtrx also aids the user by extracting contents consistently. By default, everything will be written to a dedicated directory that's named after the archive. dtrx will also change the permissions to ensure that the owner can read and write all those files. • patool - a portable archive file manager • - a command line tool that can unpack archives easily. It mainly acts as a wrapper around other shell tools that you can find on various POSIX systems. It figures out how to invoke an unpacker to achieve the desired result. In addition to that it will safely unpack files when an archive contains more than one top level item. In those cases it will wrap the resulting file in a folder so that your working directory does not get messed up. • fuse-zip - a FUSE file system to navigate, extract, create and modify ZIP and ZIP64 archives based on libzip implemented in C++. • AVFS - A Virtual File System - a system, which enables all programs to look inside archived or compressed files, or access remote files without recompiling the programs or changing the kernel.At the moment it supports floppies, tar and gzip files, zip, bzip2, ar and rar files, ftp sessions, http, webdav, rsh/rcp, ssh/scp. Quite a few other handlers are implemented with the Midnight Commander's external FS.
Often asked: What Does Distal Mean In Anatomy? What does the word distal mean? How do you know if something is proximal or distal? Proximal vs Distal (Definition & Information) 1. Proximal = nearest to, closest to, or in proximity to (closest to the center of the body or torso) 2. Distal = furthest from, distant from, or further away (the farthest point from the center of the body or torso) What does proximal mean in anatomy? What is the meaning of proximal and distal? Proximal and Distal They describe the position of a structure with reference to its origin – proximal means closer to its origin, distal means further away. Examples: The wrist joint is distal to the elbow joint. You might be interested: Question: What Is The Difference Between Anatomy And Physiology 1 And Ap2? How do you use the word distal? Distal Sentence Examples 1. The distal portions form the muscles of the tentacles. 2. Bleeding from a vein is of a darker colour; the flow is steady, and the bleeding is from the distal end of the vessel. 3. The longitudinal system is discontinuous, and is subdivided into proximal, medial and distal portions. What is another word for distal? What is another word for distal? far-end bottom distant end part faraway farthest What is an example of distal? Distal refers to sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body. For example, the hand is distal to the shoulder. The thumb is distal to the wrist. Distal is the opposite of proximal. Is dorsal a top or bottom? What are distal causes? A cause that underlies or is remote from the more obvious direct cause of a departure from good health. For example, atmospheric contamination with ozone-destroying substances, such as chlorofluorocarbon compounds, is a distal cause of skin cancer due to increased ultraviolet radiation flux. What are the 4 main anatomical positions? 1.6 Planes of Reference and Directional Terms All definitions provided here assume that the human skeleton is in standard anatomical position, that is, standing erect, looking forward, with the feet close and parallel to each other, the arms at the sides, and the palms facing forward (Fig. 1.6. 1). Figure 1.6. You might be interested: What Biology Degree Deals With Human Anatomy And Physiology? What is an example of proximal in anatomy? Proximal – toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part ( example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone). Distal – away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part ( example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm). Which body part is most proximal? The term ” proximal ” means closest to the point of origin or attachment. In relation to the upper limb, the arm (humerus), letter A, would be the most proximal portion while the hand would be the most distal part. What are the 4 body positions? What are proximal and distal determinants of health? Factors that affect health are often described as either “ proximal ” (downstream or directly affecting health ) or “ distal ” (upstream or indirectly affecting health ). For example, income is thought of as distal (upstream) because it doesn’t directly affect health. Is the knee distal to the hip? Moving distally from the hip brings you to the thigh. The foot is distal to the knee. Leave a Reply
Readers ask: Which Of The Following Are Subdivisions Of Anatomy? Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy quizlet? Anatomy – studies the structures of the body. Its subdivisions are surface anatomy, systemic anatomy and regional anatomy. What are the 10 subdivisions of anatomy? Which of the following are branches of anatomy? Which of the following is not one of the subdivisions of anatomy? Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. Which of the following is NOT one of the subdivisions of anatomy? The term renal anatomy refers to the structure of the kidney, but is not a subdivision in the broad field of anatomy. You might be interested: What Job For Anatomy Bs? What are the three main subdivisions of anatomy? Key Points What are histological features? Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope. What are the 78 organs in the human body? What Are the 78 Organs of the Human Body? • Adrenal glands. • Anus. • Appendix. • Bladder (urinary) • Bones. • Bone marrow (spongy part of the bone) • Brain. • Bronchi (tubes in the lungs) What is the anatomy of a human? Human anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body. An understanding of anatomy is key to the practice of medicine and other areas of health. What are the types of human anatomy? There are two types of anatomy: gross, or macroscopic, and microscopic. Gross anatomy deals with things that can be viewed by the unaided eye. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures on the cellular level. What is anatomy and its types? There are two major types of anatomy. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye, such as the external and internal bodily organs. Microscopic anatomy is the study of tiny anatomical structures such as tissues and cells. You might be interested: What Is Anatomy For Curriculum? What is anatomy in your own words? What is anatomy in simple words? How anatomy and physiology are related? Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures. This chapter defines anatomy and physiology and explains why they are important to biomedical engineering. What are the 5 specialties of physiology? What is the relationship between human anatomy and physiology? Leave a Reply
2D Physics Simulation Animation One of the best things about animation is that you can make the impossible a reality. An actual rabbit isn’t going to stand up on its hind legs and start talking, no matter how much you’d like it to. But the animated one can do more than talk. He can dance, too! As fun as that talking, dancing rabbit is, there are times when you want your animated content to feel as real as possible. That’s challenging since everything is simulated, from appearance to movement. 2D physics simulation animation though, uses special software to capture the data needed to replicate natural movement, as if the animated object was real and operated under the laws of physics. How it works Fair warning: We’re about to get technical. We’re talking about using the laws of physics to create realistic movement of animated objects. 2D physics simulation animation uses force to create motion, so the animator doesn’t have to draw the action. To make that possible, special software helps us make actual calculations based on force, acceleration, and deceleration. Then, it calculates the velocity and value for an animated object, generating accurate movement within each frame. That means that the animated object stops moving when the force reaches equilibrium, not right after it starts. Imagine a ball hooked onto a spring. If you pull that ball in real life, the spring would stretch, right? Releasing the ball would force the spring to bounce back to its original shape. 2D physics simulation animation replicates this real movement in animated objects. Why we use it So, using cool scientific properties isn’t enough for you, huh? Well, as we said, this type of animation makes video content look more natural on screen. Things happen in real-time, creating smoother motion. Video flows stronger since your audience can relate to the content, even though it’s animated, because it doesn’t challenge their perception of reality. This style of animation can enhance explainer videos through accurate demonstrations of how product work. It’s also a good style to use with content that animates an everyday scenario, such as leaves blowing in the wind, or a man playing fetch with his dog. Physics-based animation: A case study Here’s one of our favorite examples: A video the animation team here at ECG created for Kobiton. It merged physics-based animation into a 2D animated infographic for a mobile app testing platform. There’s a lot of action in this explainer video, but keep your eye on how the connecting cords whip around. That’s 2D physics-based animation at work! Achieving realistic results with the right production company You want the best software for this kind of work. We use Newton 2 to run our simulations and extract the data we need. It streamlines the process of key-frame (AKA, marking where the beginning and end of an action is captured) and converts them to data in order to complete the animated motion in your video. Otherwise, key-framing is done by hand, and it can be… tedious. And why would you want that? To learn more about how you can use this realistic effect in animation for your next video project, contact us!
DK Eyewitness Astronomy DK Eyewitness Astronomy Code: DK_EWA Product Description Discover the Mysteries of the World's Oldest Science from Constellations to Moon by Kristin Lippincott The perfect guide to understanding the mysteries of the planets, stars, and universe, "Eyewitness: Astronomy" delves into the fascinating world of space, providing a comprehensive look at the discoveries and research that have transformed society's understanding of the universe. Includes a clip-art CD. Full color. 72 pages Ages 10-13 ISBN 9781465408952
Q&A with Karen M. Wilson: Pediatric Health Threat in Legal Marijuana? Researchers know that cigarette smoke is hazardous to children, even when it is secondhand. But the impact marijuana smoke has on kids in households where adults smoke cannabis been little studied. Editor’s Note: Colorado has legalized both medical and recreational use of cannabis. Karen M. Wilson, MD, and colleagues at Children’s Hospital Colorado decided to see if there were signs of unintended harm to children whose parents smoke marijuana. They found that most of a small group of children treated for bronchiolitis had marijuana metabolites in their urine. MD Magazine: What led you to do the study? KW: When we interviewed parents to screen for smoking, parents started telling us that they were no longer smoking cigarettes, only marijuana. MD Magazine: You found marijuana metabolites in these children. Did any of the findings of the study surprise you? KW: Sadly, not really. We know that tobacco smoke in very low levels is detectable in children, so I wasn’t surprised that we could find detectable levels of marijuana smoke. MD Magazine: Should doctors routinely test for marijuana metabolites in cases of bronchiolitis? KW: This testing is only available at the CDC and for research purposes, so we don’t have this option yet. If we did, that would be an important conversation. MD Magazine: What about routinely asking all parents if they use marijuana? KW: This would be ideal, but there is confusion about how to address marijuana smoking in the home if parents say they use it. There’s no law against smoking in the presence of children, and Colorado laws require recreational marijuana to be smoked in private spaces. People who live in apartments don't have backyards and could be ticketed if they smoke it on the street. So the laws in Colorado, restricting use to private homes, encourages smoking around children since there is nowhere else to go. Kids even in neighboring apartments can be exposed, as happened in a Longmont, Colorado case. Their parents were concerned about their baby when a neighbor's pot smoke leaked into their apartment, possibly through the heating vents. Still, doctors can ask about kids' exposure to marijuana and strongly encourage parents not to smoke in the presence of children. MD Magazine: Does the legalization of marijuana pose a public health problem for pediatric patients? KW: It may in two ways. Exposure to second-hand marijuana smoke may normalize the behavior and encourage teens to start using it. Marijuana has a pretty negative effect on the developing teenage brain. The teens who smoke marijuana persistently have an increased risk of declining IQs, structural brain abnormalities and altered neural activity, according to a compilation of recent research. We also are concerned that exposure to secondhand marijuana smoke may cause or exacerbate disease MD Magazine: What about edible marijuana products, do they pose a pediatric health problem? KW: Yes there have been some cases of ingestions where children have been hospitalized after eating marijuana products. They are very appealing. When it looks like gummy bears, or pop tarts and brownies and cookies, they're hard to resist. Little kids can't tell the difference. The new Colorado laws about child-proof packaging should help prevent this. MD Magazine: You found that exposure to marijuana smoke was far more common in non-white households. Was your study large enough to make that a significant finding? KW: The difference was statistically significant, which means that the study was large enough to detect a difference on a technical basis. But we were looking very imprecisely at white vs. non-white populations (rather than specific racial and ethnic groups). We could not determine if all of that difference was due to other factors, such as socioeconomic status. MD Magazine: Were any of the kids’ exposures a result of someone using marijuana for a so-called medical purpose? KW: We don’t have the information to know that. We do know that the 1-month to 2-year-old children enrolled in our study were previously healthy. Therefore, they were highly unlikely to have been given medical marijuana, such as the marijuana tinctures that some parents hope will help control severe seizures. For the kids who were exposed, we don't know if it came from parents smoking medical marijuana or recreational marijuana. MD Magazine: Where will your research take you next? KW: We would love to do a cohort study and follow a group of children who are both exposed and not exposed to marijuana, and see if the exposed group has a higher prevalence of lung diseases like asthma and bronchiolitis. We are currently looking for funding. (Wilson recently left Colorado and is now Chief of General Pediatrics and Vice-Chair for Clinical and Translational Research at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City.)
• Ignacio Gallo Campos This must be the place — “happiness”. The end game. Such a vague and subjective concept to describe, “happiness”. May the dictionary will find someday clarity and homogeneity enough to define it better than today. Ignacio G. Copyright @ Ignacio G. Probably for many, there would be a very common denominator in the definition. Momentary. Couple of questions we might have to analyse here · Do we have tools to make it last longer? Based on what? · How can we make happiness a more structural part of our life? According to Phycology Today, philosophers, theologians, psychologists, and economists have long sought to define it, and since the 1990s, a whole scientific community the positive psychology has been dedicated to pinning it down and propagating it. More than simply positive mood, happiness is a state of well-being that encompasses living a good life with a sense of meaning and deep satisfaction. Research shows that happiness is not the result of bouncing from one joy to the next. Achieving happiness involves times of considerable discomfort. Money is important to happiness, but only to a certain point. Money buys freedom from worry about the basics in life housing, food, and clothing. Genetic makeup, life circumstances, achievements, marital status, social relationships, all influence how happy you are in some way. However money, material things or relationships are all exogenous factors, 50% of them we can influence. The relevant and more structural part which creates the base for this 50% for happiness to become a longer term feeling comes from the inside. And that is only related to how we create those spaces from the inside out to generate endogenous happiness, so when the discomfort to achieve our happiness comes, we are able to focus our entire-selves in that part we can influence and is under our control, avoiding to blame the exogenous factors on our happiness or luck (the other key 50%) How to find more that place called happiness Or more often and prolonged. Based on numerous studies, interviews, emotional brain responses and its results, what it has been discovered is people with a deep understanding on a profounder meaning of their own existence have a more developed sense of gratitude and fruitfulness, than others who don’t have a clear sense on their main purpose in life. Also conclusions were made on the opposite, when people found their meaning in any of other various exogenous factors, the feel of completeness was scoring lower comparing both sample universes. Exogenous factors are work, relatives, family or any other factor or influence coming outside of the person itself. What was also discovered is people with deeper meaning and purpose were able to respond better to difficulties (of any kind) and were more productive in any project they were involved, regardless of the outer conditions. So maybe before setting our goals on any external factor, we might invest time to reflect and put the focus on what’s behind everything we do in life, that get us carry on and on no matter what, which lies inside us or saying it in other words, that part of the equation we have full influence on. And once we come to find it, let’s grab it, cultivate it and make it grow using any available resource we have around. So let’s put the rest of the outer factors (outer 50%) in service of the meaning. Listing all those meaningful topics for us might give us the structural answers we are trying to find everywhere else. And as everything which is meaningful in life, it’s worth it to invest time and energy to pursue. Because everything else is built on that main meaning. Everything makes sense once we understand this and we make it happen in the real world. Thinking is just an illusion. Doing is real. Problem is a word we have created to overthink. Solution is another we have created to do and create. Fear and love work in opposite ways. Let’s do more and fear less, because there is a big consequence to reach called happiness. This must be the place. Connect if you feel like sharing more ideas, and do subscribe. If you want to put in practice some ideas, check out the essay a life in a second Ignacio Gallo Campos Recommended song of the week — College & Electric Youth — A Real Hero (Drive Original Movie Soundtrack) About the author I am giving away a copy of the book a life in a second. How? If you get in touch and participate on one “unique interview” where you share any idea, tool or trick for life hacking. Since 2011, I have put together in a trilogy of books published on Amazon, Bubok or Google Books. English Books Amazon Kindle — The biggest fake, All dogs are Labradors, A life in a second English Books Bubok Paper Back, Kindle — The biggest fake, All dogs are Labradors, A life in a second English Books Google Books Paper Back, Kindle — The biggest fake, All dogs are Labradors, A life in a second Spanish Books Bubok En papel, Kindle — La gran farsa maestra, Todos los perros son Labradores, Una vida en un segundo Any project you want to jointly work or write about? Any conference you want me to participate in? — Get in touch. Watch me on Youtube and subscribe to get unique monthly videos. #Courage #Happiness #Alifeinasecond 26 vistas0 comentarios Entradas Recientes Ver todo
Summer Crafts for Kids A Splash of Coolness by Karen & Grace Morris It's so hot out.... Maybe we can make some summer crafts for kids to cool down. Of course, the kids want to stay outside.... Maybe if we bring the supplies outside. It's not windy so it will work. Click on the pictures to make summer crafts for kids. Then we can make the hot sun or a sailboat floating across a cool pond. Let's go on pretend trips, like camping or the ocean. Then let's fly away in our spaceship to someplace cool. To go on a camping trip or make some bubbles continue reading. If you are in a hurry to make the sun or go to outer space click the pictures to find summer crafts for kids. Baby, it's hot out! So, lets cool off by crafting and pretending to be someplace else. summer crafts for kids Campfire in a Land Far Away Let's go on a camping trip or is it a bear hunt? Anyway, you don't have to go far. Pitch the tent in your backyard and roast cotton balls over a pretend fire. The kids won't get burnt with this craft. pretend campfire You will need; • Three empty toilet paper rolls • Red, yellow, and orange tissue paper • Cardboard • Medium-sized rocks • Three or more brown pipe cleaners • A cotton ball for each marshmallow stick • Tacky glue • White glue Cut a piece of cardboard 10 by 10 inches. Before you glue anything, stack the toilet paper rolls so that it looks like logs in a campfire. Cut red, yellow, and orange tissue paper into various sizes. Crumple the tissue up and place on top of the logs or between them. They will fall over but don’t worry you are just deciding where you want your stuff. Cut two brown pipe cleaners in half. Twist two pieces together and make a “Y” shape. Do the same with the other piece. Put the rocks around the campfire. Glue the rocks and toilet paper rolls with tacky glue. Place the pipe cleaners between two rocks on each side of the campfire and glue with tacking glue. Now cut another pipe cleaner so that it fits between the two “Y” shaped pieces. Then glue the colored tissue with white glue. Let dry overnight. Optional: To make your marshmallow on a stick, place a cotton ball on a pipe cleaner. You can make as many as you like. Cut the stick a little so it wouldn’t be too long to hold. Place your campfire next to a wading pool in the backyard. You can pretend that you are at the lake. Bubbles and Fairy Wanes After everyone is done with roasting their cotton balls let's have a bubble party! Big bubbles, small bubbles. Star bubbles and heart bubbles. girl blowing bubbles with handmade wands To make the wands fold one end of a pipe cleaner around a small cookie cutter. Take the pipe cleaner off the cookie cutter. Thread both ends through a pony bead. Then twist the ends under the bead. For the heart and star, pinch the points so that they are more pronounced. Now you can make your own bubble solution by combining; • 1/8 cup Dawn liquid dish soap • 1 1/2 cup Warm water • 1 1/2 teaspoon Glycerin • 1/8 cup cornstarch Mix the solution in a container. An empty ice cream bucket works great. Now go outside, dip a wand in your bubble solution and huff, and puff, and blow your bubbles! The bubble solution can make surfaces slick, so be careful. Don't stop know there are more summer crafts for kids below. More Summer Crafts for Kids Fiery, bright, and hot but gives us so much delight. It lights our way so let's go catch the sun and make the star we see in the sky every day. A ship in a bottle, how did that get in there? A boat on a pond floating in the sun. Boats made out of toothpicks, straws, and caps. Just sailors at their best. Hear the ocean roar. Or is that a lion? Sandcastles without sand? How can we fathom? Find crabs, sharks, and other sea creatures that won’t pinch your toes. Make some beach crafts. Individual beach crafts kids can make. 1! 2! 3! Lift off!!! Well, you don't have to have a spaceship to make these crafts but you could make one. Invading aliens and UFO's. Or you could make; A rock, a stick, just something so terrific. Summer is a great time to go on walks and collect things. With the things we have collected let's go make a picture from paper, bark, and a stick. Let's use our collections to make nature crafts. Baby, it’s hot out! But with aliens in UFO's invading our planet, spending time at the beach, and pretend campfires. You will be having too much fun to think about the heat. So, let’s cool down with some summer crafts for kids. Sign up for our newsletter. Summer Holiday Crafts
Employment Law This area of law is extensive and can be complex in nature, concerning the obligations, regulations and requirements for mostly employers and employees. This area also concerns the rights and protections of workers, the self-employed, and freelancers. Employment law is a highly procedural area and seeks to govern the legal framework of employer-employee relationships, ensuring fairness and accountability. Employment rights are established to regulate the treatment of people providing labour, and employment tribunals are set up to hear and resolve employment related disputes, as well as ensuring the protection of rights such as sick pay, holiday, dismissal, and redundancy to name a few. Here is what Employment Law covers: Accountancy concerns the financial element of the employer-employee relationship. Things to consider include sick pay, PAYE, workplace pension, furlough pay, holiday entitlements, commission, bereavement, maternity and paternity pay, bonus schemes, deductions from pay for taxes, and the obligation to pay minimum wage. Discrimination & Harassment Discrimination is defined as the act of being treated differently and unjustly due to one's race, age, disability or sex. Harassment is the term given to the intimidation or threatening behaviour directed at an individual which makes them feel uncomfortable or offended. This topic concerns the way employers deal with complaints of this kind, as well as how employees who feel they have suffered from harassment, discrimination or victimisation, may report this to their employer or employment tribunal. Employment Contracts A standard employment contract details the responsibilities and benefits of employment that have been agreed between an employer and an employee. Terms can include but are not limited to: working hours and payment, holiday entitlement, dress code and the sick day policy. Employment Status An individual's legal employment status at work is important in determining their rights, who pays their taxes, and the type of employment contract they are bound by. There are three main categories of status: employee, self-employed and worker. The general and most common status held is employee, whereby they are obliged to follow their contract of employment and to report to an employer. Employment Tribunal An Employment Tribunal is a public body whose role is to investigate and make legally binding decisions in employer-employee disputes. These can include disputes over redundancy, unfair/ constructive dismissal, and other grievances. The Rules of Procedure for Employment Tribunals governs the process of making a claim, and details the conditions that the applicant must satisfy to be successful. The Tribunal has legal powers, and can impose cost sanctions, various orders, and compensation for the employee. Grievance is the term used to describe a complaint raised by an employee at their place of work, whereby they are unhappy with designated tasks, terms of their employment contract or their treatment in the workplace. Employers normally have procedures in place for employees to confidently and confidentially raise grievances with the relevant senior staff member, which is noted in the employee handbook or provided by HR. This area covers how to raise a grievance as an employee, as well as how to deal with a grievance as an employer. Health & Safety Health and Safety is the term used for the regulations and procedures that are put in place to minimise risk of harm or accidents. There are a number of health and safety regulations in place for employers to apply to their work environments, to mitigate risk of injury to their employers. Obligations are placed on employers to: follow health and safety procedures, supply adequate personal protective equipment and work equipment to their employees, as well as adequate safety training, take steps to mitigate risks and improve standards when they fall below a certain threshold of safety, and have a protocol in place for reporting and dealing with accidents in the workplace. There are serious legal and financial consequences should an employer be found to be in breach of health and safety regulations. Holiday Entitlement Employees are legally entitled to a set number of paid holiday days in the year. The amount of holiday differs depending on the company policies, the amount of hours the employee works, and whether it is a full-time or part-time contract. Holiday entitlement is normally detailed in the employment contract, and so an employer denying holiday pay is a breach of contract. Human Resources Human Resources is the department in a company which oversees and handles recruitment, payroll, disciplinary action taken against employees, holiday entitlement and absences, sick pay, and drafting employee policies, and workplace performance reviews. This area offers guidance on procedures and legal frameworks for the above, and also gives guidance to employees who wish to raise one of the above matters with their HR department. Minimum Wage National Minimum Wage is the absolute minimum amount of remuneration an employer can pay their employees. All employers are obliged to pay at least this amount, or face penalties and sanctions against their business. The amount paid varies, depending on the age of the employee and whether they are an apprentice or a worker. The National Living wage is paid only to employees who are 23years of age and older. The Standard Adult Rate applies to those 21-22, Development Rate to those 18-20, and Young Worker Rate those 16-17 years of age. Parental Leave Parental Leave is the term used when employees wish to take time off work to care for their child. Employment rights, such as the right to pay and to return to work, are protected while on parental leave, however the leave itself is unpaid. Parental Leave entitlement can be carried over to a new job, as the amount of leave applies to each child, not an individual's employment. Maternity/ Paternity Leave is different, and employees are entitled to payment throughout this period. Unlike parental leave, maternity/paternity leave is used just before and after an employee becomes a parent to a newborn baby, for a set amount of time as agreed by the employer. The recruitment process for an employer involves investigation into the background of the candidate, such as immigration and DBS checks where applicable; ensuring references are collected from previous employers; and making sure that equal opportunity is given to all candidates, regardless of gender, disability, ethnicity, race, religion or sexual orientation. The employer will also consider unpaid work trials, probation periods and induction days/training for new recruits. Redundancy is the term used to describe the premature termination of employment by an employer. The redundancy process takes place when a company needs to reduce the size of its workforce, for financial or production reasons. If the individual satisfies certain conditions, such as having worked with the company for more than two years and being classed as an employee, then they are eligible for statutory redundancy pay, whereby they are entitled to receive a certain amount of money for each year of service at the company. The employer is required to pay this, although if for financial reasons they cannot, it will be funded by the State. TUPE is the regulation which governs the process of a business being transferred into new ownership. There is a transfer of undertakings, and an obligation is set on the new employer to protect the employment of the current employees of the business. Employers have a duty to inform the employees of their intention to transfer ownership, and the terms of the employment contracts are carried over to the new employer, which normally cannot be changed, with the exception of an ‘economic, technical or organisational reason’. Trade Union Rights A Trade Union is an organised association made up of worker "members", who enforce employees rights. Employees are entitled to join a trade union if they wish, and become a member. Representatives of the Union negotiate with employers on behalf of a body of workers, to achieve a desired goal, such as a fairer employment contracts, increased pay, or an improvement to the standard of working conditions. Unfair/Constructive Dismissal Unfair dismissal is the term used should an individual believe that they have been wrongfully fired or subsequently removed from employment by their employer. Constructive dismissal is when an employee has to leave their job due to the creation of a unworkable work environment by the employer, through conduct. The conduct of the employer should amount to a breach of contract which could be a serious incident or a series of incidents that are serious when taken together. Whistleblowing is the term used to describe the actions of a worker reporting a wrongdoing in the workplace, in the public interest. Whistleblowers are protected by law, and reveal serious types of wrongdoing, such as if someone's health or safety is in danger, criminal offences, or miscarriages of justice. Working Hours Working Hours is the term used to define the amount of time employees must spend carrying out tasks of employment. This involves the entitlement# to take a rest break during their working day, the duration of which may differ depending on the age of the employee. Working hours also concerns overtime work and the issue of whether these hours will be paid. Working Hours is one of the main clauses in an Employment contract. Workplace Pension A workplace pension scheme is automatically set up by an employer, when employment commences. A portion of the employee's salary is put into their pension scheme, and the employer and government also contribute to the scheme, so that on retirement, the employee will have accumulated an amount of money to live off. Tax relief is applied to workplace pensions if certain criteria is satisfied, and there is an opt-out system in place, so the employee must inform the employer if they do not wish to be enrolled in the scheme.
India is facing a food crisis, and globalisation is making it worse Corporate globalisation is threatening the food rights of Indian people and the survival of its farmers. India is the oldest living agrarian civilisation, with every fourth farmer of the world being from India. Neoliberal reforms focusing only on corporate profits have not just led to a deep existential crisis for farmers by threatening their lives and livelihoods. It has also led to a hunger emergency with every fourth Indian driven to hunger, and every second child suffering from severe malnutrition. agrarian and hunger crisis Agrarian and food crises are two aspects of the same crisis © Anindito Mukherjee/Getty Images In the mid 1960’s the World Bank and the US government imposed the high-cost Green Revolution, based on industrial chemical inputs. By the 1990’s India had a 90 billion-dollar debt, with one third of the debt tied to loans for Green Revolution infrastructure. By 1991, the World Bank imposed a structural adjustment package to dismantle India’s food security and food sovereignty regulatory framework. The package imposed the following elements: Deregulation, which allows the corporate takeover of the food system; corporate control, which created polarisation of prices, and farmer dependence on corporations for inputs and markets, as well as consumer dependence on a handful of corporations. Coupled with globalisation and trade liberalisation, this caused a deepening of the agrarian, hunger, and health crisis for both farmers and consumers. This structural adjustment package alongside the IMF, and WTO trade rules are now embodied in the Agriculture Agreement and TRIPs Agreement and is now part of the National Agriculture Policy, demonstrating corporate rule over our food and farming. Today, farmers’ incomes fall even as the price of food increases, showing how the agrarian and the food crises are two aspects of the same crisis. Since food is the currency of life, the reduction of food to a commodity to be traded for profits, creates hunger, while simultaneously undermining farmers livelihoods and farmers rights. The neoliberal economic paradigm is an attempt for recolonisation and the re-establishment of a corporate rule through the old instruments of conquest, control, deregulation and wealth extraction, all in a new form. What is needed to address the farmer’s crisis is not an external trade liberalisation that promotes corporate profits, but an internal shifting of agriculture that regenerates nature’s economy and the people’s economy, through liberating farmers from corporate control and liberating food agriculture in the direction of enhancing self-regenerative ecological processes. All of which would enhance ecological and livelihood security and shift the focus from growing monoculture commodities at high cost to growing biodiversity for health and resilience. hunger crisis in India Agriculture has to regenerate nature’s economy © amol sonar/Unsplash The globalisation of corporate agriculture is aggravating all the problems linked with the centralised industrial system of food production and distribution. It is increasing chemical use, through conventional methods as well as through the evolution of genetic engineering. It is increasing transport and food miles, and fuelling food insecurity by exacerbating climate change. It is promoting the mining of water and exhaustion of soil fertility by putting profitability above sustainability. It is giving primacy to trade while undermining domestic production. It is putting exports above the food entitlements of domestic consumers. Trade liberalisation and globalisation are threatening the food rights of Indian people and the survival of farmers and agriculture in many different ways. Creating just, sustainable, healthy and accessible food systems has become more urgent than ever. The impact of policy changes in the agrarian sector followed by the World Bank Structural Adjustment period of 1991, followed by the trade liberalisation rules of WTO in 1995, has led to these new challenges. It is clear how the combination of the unsustainable Green Revolution practices as well as the undemocratic, unjust and unfair structures of the neoliberal corporate globalisation and deregulation has triggered multiple emergencies. As a result, nearly a billion people are structurally hungry in the dominant model of food and agriculture. And this hunger is by design. Related articles Return to Fukushima, 10 years later Ten years have passed since the 11 March 2011 disaster, but this chapter is far from over. Travelling through Fukushima, renewal and destruction can be seen side by side, sometimes separated only by a road.
Tag: uv string(7) "classic" Julbo Junior string(7) "classic" Julbo Junior string(7) "classic" Does UV protection matter when choosing a sunglass? Choosing a good UV protection sunglass is crucial. We always talk about how sunlight can damage our skin. Long exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can lead to sunburn and cancer is no longer a secret. But did you know too much UV rays can harm your eyes too? Extended exposure or direct exposure to sun’s UV rays may contribute to damaging the cells in and out of our eyes. Eye diseases like cataract, macular degeneration (ARMD) or pterygium and wrinkles and age spots surrounding your eyes are highly related to long exposure of UV rays. What is UV ray? Many people actually refer UV rays to “UV light”. This is actually not correct as we couldn’t see UV rays. UV rays are invisible as they do not fall within the range of visible light. There are three categories of UV rays, including: 1. UVA UVA rays have lowest energy among three categories of UV rays, which means it is closer to visible light. UVA rays can actually penetrate through our cornea and lens and eventually reach the retina at the back of our eyes! This is why long exposure of UVA ray has been related to the development of cataract and macular degeneration (ARMD) 1. UVB UVB rays have higher energy than UVA rays but lower than UVC rays. UVB rays are partially filtered by the ozone layer, the residue of UVB rays can reach the Earth’s surface. Extended exposure of UVB rays is associated with ocular diseases such as pterygium and photokeratitis. Fortunately, the cornea of our eye will absorb 100 percent of UVB rays, hence UVB rays are unlikely to lead to cataract and ARMD. 1. UVC UVC rays are the highest energy uv rays and could be most harmful to our eyes and skin. Fortunately, the atmosphere’s ozone layer is able to block the UVC rays from the sunlight virtually. However, the depletion of the ozone layer potentially could allow UVC rays to reach the Earth’s surface. This will result in serious UV-related health problems. How to prevent UV rays? Now we have understood how damaging the sun’s UV rays are to our eyes. In order to prevent our eyes from overexposure to UV rays, the ideal way is to wear sunglasses, especially when we are outdoors. Just like the name, sunglasses are designed to block UV rays and protect us from various eye diseases and eventually keep us away from eye wrinkles. How to choose sunglasses? There are so many types of sunglasses in the market and they are not just available in optical shops but every corner shop, drug stores or even pasar malam! So, how should we choose and where to wear the sunglasses? Let’s follow the tips below. 1. Look for sunglasses that actually block UV rays There are sunglasses in the market that actually serve as fashion accessories and get nothing help in UV protection. Therefore, you shall look for sunglasses that block UVA and UVB rays effectively. UVA and UVB rays have wavelength fall between 290 and 400nm. Alternatively, you may look for sunglasses with protection from UV400. UV protection 1. Is the darker lens the better it is? NO! The amount of UV protection a sunglasses offers is totally unrelated to the colour nor the darkness of the lenses. It is entirely your preference. For example, a fashionable sapphire-coloured lens can provide the same UV protection as dark gray lenses. You may ask our optometrists in Malaya Optical to verify how many percent of UV protection your sunglasses actually offer! 1. Perfect fit or wrap-around style Choose sunglasses that fit you perfectly in terms of coverage. The bigger, more wrap, more coverage, the better it is to protect you from UV rays. Alternatively, you may opt for wrap-around sunglasses such as Jonathan Paul Sunglasses, so you are safe from indirect UV rays from the side, as well as direct UV rays from the front! 1. Can I have sunglasses with power? Yes, you could! In Malaya Optical, we do carry several well-known brands that offer prescription sunglasses lenses such as Zeiss, Essilor Hoya and Kodak. You may now enjoy the sunlight without squinting to read or see in the distance. Also, time to bid farewell to the combination of contact lenses with sunglasses. 1. Even if your contact lenses block UV rays, sunglasses are still a need. Yes yes, we know there are contact lenses that indicate UV-blocking. Think again, your contact lens is located on your cornea and it is able to block only the part in front of your cornea. How about your eyelids and other tissues that are not covered by the contact lens? Your skin around your eyes are so delicate and they need equivalent protection as your eyes from the harmful UV rays too. 1. Do not take off your sunglasses when you are in the shade Even though shade under trees or buildings reduce the exposure of UV and HEV (high-energy visible light) to a certain degree, your eyes are actually still exposed to UV rays reflected from buildings and roadways. So, remember to wear sunglasses even when you are in the shade. UV protection sunglass 1. Winter? Wear it! Sunglasses are equally important with your snow jacket. This is because fresh snow actually does reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays which is almost double up the overall exposure to solar UV rays! If you enjoy winter games such as skiing or snowboarding, you may choose the right lenses which have sufficient UV protection on the slopes. Nonetheless, UV protection sunglass with polarised lens is highly recommended too as glare are highly reduced . Similarly, if you enjoy your outdoor lifestyle in a country that has no winter season, you may explore the specific-performance sunglasses or sport sunglasses. UV protection kids sunglass 1. Children? Wear it too! The damage of UV rays to our eyes and skin is cumulative. This means the longer the time you have spent under sunlight throughout your life, the greater the risk of damage to your eyes and skin. With this in mind, you need to take care of UV protection since you are young. In fact, experts point that children are generally spending more time outdoors than most adults. Besides, children are more sensitive to UV rays as the lens inside a child’s eye is clearer than an adult’s lens. Hence UV rays can penetrate into a child’s eyes easier and deeper. Malaya Optical carries a number of UV protection kids sunglass that suits for infants to school children. Get your beloved kid a pair of sunglasses today. We always care about your kids’ eyes as much as we care about your eyes and vision. Schedule your appointment today with our optometrists in Malaya Optical for comprehensive eye examination. A small amount of power change can make a big difference in giving you the clearest and most comfortable vision outdoors. Most of us enjoy sunny days, but we still need to make sure we are fully protected from UV rays with the suitable UV protection sunglass too.
As high temperatures hurt Sicily’s food production, rising sea levels threaten housing Climate change experts in Sicily, Italy are warning that rising sea waters are threatening some of the island's most crucial heavy industrial plants. They are also forecasting food shortages because crops are being destroyed. The island endured record temperatures this summer. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports from Sicily for NewsHour's climate change series. Read the Full Transcript • Judy Woodruff: Climate change experts in Sicily are warning that rising sea waters are threatening some of the island's most crucial heavy industrial plants. They also predict food shortages, as crops wilt in withering heat. The island has endured record temperatures this summer. From Sicily, special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports. • Malcolm Brabant: It's been a long, hot, sweltering day in Sicily, and there's plenty of heat left in the sun as dusk approaches. This is an avocado plantation in the foothills of Etna, Sicily's active volcano. Avocados have been grown here for decades. One of the attractions for farmers like Andrea Passanisi is that it is a tropical fruit, and should be able to withstand high temperatures. But this summer's extreme heat burned the leaves of the avocado trees and damaged the fruit. • Andrea Passanisi, Farmer (through translator): When there is excessive heat, like in July and August, when we had 120, 122 degrees, it's not just humans that feel it. Avocado and mango plants suffer, too. The plants are susceptible to excessive heat. What happens is, the plant gets stressed, and in order to protect itself, it expels the hanging fruits. • Malcolm Brabant: This has been the hottest ever summer in Europe. Today, here in Syracuse in Sicily, the temperature is a relatively mild 92 degrees Fahrenheit. On August the 11, the thermometer shot up 30 degrees more, to 122 degrees Fahrenheit, unprecedented in Europe. This summer's temperatures made it difficult to breathe in Sicily. The island is now a touchstone for the rest of Europe when it comes to climate change. Christian Mulder is a professor of ecology at the University of Catania. Christian Mulder, University of Catania: The really high temperatures will repeat more often in the next years because the carbon dioxide reached levels that are really unprecedented. • Malcolm Brabant: Excessively high temperatures and drought are dual concerns for citrus growers Marco Frasson and his partner, Emanuela. They have a large farm in Central Sicily. It yields between 3,000 to 4,000 tons of oranges each year, with a net value approaching $10 million. The soil here is drying out from lack of rain and shrinking underwater reserves. Harvest starts in early winter, but this could be a bad year. • Emanuela Guggino, Farmer (through translator): These extreme temperatures are a serious challenge for reforestation. We can say categorically that everything that is green suffers. We feel as though we are in Africa, instead of Italy. • Malcolm Brabant: As with avocados, citrus leaves are indicators of stress suffered by the trees. They should be green and lush. But they have been scorched. • Marco Frasson, Farmer (through translator): This leaf is the result of the 122 degrees Fahrenheit we reached in the middle of August. • Malcolm Brabant: As he drives along dusty trails, Frasson worries that without rain, their yields and profits will be badly hit. • Marco Frasson (through translator): The great concern is that, if our region of Sicily is unable to provide enough public water, we will be in enormous trouble, as will all the workers who work for our company. • Malcolm Brabant: In the past, the partners relied on local authorities for their water supply. But following numerous droughts, they constructed their own reservoir. • Emanuela Guggino, (through translator): If the reservoir doesn't fill up this year, it won't be able to supply the water we need. We will be autonomous only until July next year. Then we won't be able to continue cultivation and meet the needs of our citrus groves. • Malcolm Brabant: The evidence of climate change is stacking up for Gino Catania, a regional leader of the Italian Agriculture Confederation. He's warning of food shortages in the not-too-distant future. Gino Catania, Italian Confederation of Agriculture (through translator): We are genuinely concerned about the future of agriculture if it continues like this. It hasn't rained for over five months. Access to crops will be at risk. Essentially, less production means less food. Farmers are concerned that they won't be able to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for food, not only in Italy, but also abroad. • Malcolm Brabant: If record temperatures aren't enough, low-lying areas of Sicily are also threatened by rising sea water. Sicily's east coast is stacked with heavy industry. One of the biggest refineries in Southern Europe stands right next to the sea. Professor Giovanni Scicchitano is urging the owners of these multibillion dollar plants to relocate inland as soon as possible. • Giovanni Scicchitano,, Bari University (through translator): The sea level rise could rise by as much as three feet. This could also be amplified by geological phenomena, such as the subsidence of coastal plains. Industrial structures in Southeastern Sicily, such as this loading dock for refineries, would certainly have serious problems. Some of the plants located in this area could be submerged within the next few decades. • Malcolm Brabant: It isn't just industry that needs to move. Augusta is one of many cities around the world that are imperiled by melting glaciers and icecaps. This hospital will be among the first casualties. Geology professor Carmelo Monaco is pessimistic about the chances of saving cities like Augusta. • Carmelo Monaco, Catania University (through translator): Even by blocking CO2 or methane emissions, this process is now irreversible. Perhaps it will take hundreds of years before the trend changes a bit. Among other things, international climate change agreements, such as the Paris and Kyoto protocols, have not been respected, so there is no real change in the behavior of many countries. • Malcolm Brabant: That grim view is not shared, however, by Professor Christian Mulder. • Christian Mulder: We all have to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and it has been demonstrated that it is possible to keep the same gross domestic product even with much lower industrial emissions. • Malcolm Brabant: Italy has boosted investment in renewable energy sources, but it's been slow going. The government wants to speed up the installation of cleaner energy and to end reliance on fossil fuels. But, without a worldwide effort, Italy alone cannot save its coastline from vanishing beneath the waves. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Malcolm Brabant in Sicily. • Judy Woodruff: A reminder of how climate change is literally everywhere. Listen to this Segment
Quick Answer: What Type Of Teeth Do Bighorn Sheep Have? Do bighorn sheep have flat teeth? Horses, cows, sheep, camels and goats are all herbivores. This is TRUE. As plant eaters, they all have wide, flat teeth as opposed to the defined canine teeth that carnivores possess. Do sheep have upper teeth? The teeth of a sheep are divided into two distinct sections, namely, eight permanent incisors in the lower front jaw and twenty-four molars, the latter being divided into six on each side of the upper and lower jaw. Sheep have no teeth in the front part of the upper jaw which consists of a dense, hard, fibrous pad. Do bighorn sheep have hooves? One of the most important features of the bighorn sheep is the unique structure of its hooves. Rather than being hard like those of a horse or cow, the sheep have rubber-like hooves that allow excellent mobility on steep rock faces. The males, called rams, have massive spiral horns that can weigh up to 40 lbs. You might be interested: Readers ask: What Did The Sheep Say? Do bighorn sheep have wool or hair? Which animal has the sharpest teeth? THE SHARPEST TEETH EVER discovered belong to a surprising animal: a jawless, eel-like vertebrate that lived from 500-200 million years ago. Which animal has 32 teeth? Can sheep bite you? The truth is all animals can bite (even you); however, for goats or sheep it is really hard to bite someone. This is true because they have a flat palate on their upper jaw in the front of their mouth. They use this flat palate to help them strip the leaves off of branches or to pull in the hay that they eat. Can a sheep die of fright? The stress of worrying by dogs can cause sheep to die and pregnant ewes to miscarry their lambs. Sheep fleeing from dogs are often killed or seriously injured by their panicked attempts to escape, causing untold damage to fences and field boundaries in the process. How old is a 2 tooth sheep? At approximately one year of age, the central pair of baby teeth is replaced by a pair of permanent incisors. At age 2, the second pair is replaced by permanent incisors. At 3 and 4 years, the third and fourth pairs of baby teeth are replaced. At approximately four years of age, a sheep has a full mouth of teeth. You might be interested: FAQ: What Is A Young Male Sheep Called? Can bighorn sheep attack humans? Bighorn sheep are wild animals. There are a few cases of bighorn sheep attacking humans, but it’s rare. They are typically not aggressive animals, but can get defensive – especially during rutting season. You wouldn’t want them to use their horns to butt you! Can you eat bighorn sheep? “ You can’t eat an animal’s horns, but you can definitely appreciate them. For many hunters, a set of bighorn curls is the greatest and most potent symbol of America’s high-country wilderness. What do you call a female bighorn sheep? Males, called rams, have large horns that curl around their faces by eight years of age. These horns can weigh up to 30 pounds. Females, called ewes, have smaller horns that curve slightly to a sharp point within the first four years of life. Ewes and lambs stay together in herds. What are the easiest sheep to keep? What happens if sheep are not shorn? What breed of sheep tastes the best? 15 Best Sheep Breeds for Meat • Suffolk. The Suffolk is a popular breed for meat, milk and kids participating in 4-H and other youth shows. • Cheviot. • Charollais. • Katahdin. • Icelandic Sheep. • Tunis Barbari. • Blackbelly (American and Barbados) • Welsh Mountain Sheep. Leave a Reply
Food science meets cell science in bid to explain inner workings of membrane-free cell compartments — ScienceDaily Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers report that food science principles have helped them determine how unusual droplets within cells stay organized and avoid dissolving into the rest of the cell’s gelatinous interior. The cells of all living organisms hold a collection of mini biological machines called organelles. These structures run the cell’s powerhouse mitochondria, brainy nucleus and other operations, all with a defined border and encased in a membrane. However, there are other cell parts that appear as viscous, membrane-free “blobs,” but they serve distinct purposes, such as regulating genes, sending chemical signals or storage sites for specialized molecules. A report on the research team’s findings about these droplets, which are called biomolecular condensates, appears Sept. 10 in Science. “I hope this work will help convince scientists that biomolecular condensates are highly sophisticated cellular compartments,” says Geraldine Seydoux, Ph.D., the Huntington Sheldon Professor in Medical Discovery and vice dean for basic research at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. “We found they have regulated roles and respond to the environment, just like other organelles. And we found that they do have membranes, just not the type we’re used to seeing.” Biomolecular condensates were first dubbed “granules” in the 1970s by scientists who used electron microscopy to peer more closely at the structures in many organisms, including squiggly creatures called C. elegans, whose relatively simple biology has made them a common laboratory model for studying everything from modern gene-cutting technology to protein structure. The condensates in worms, which look tough and similar in appearance to grains of sand, are known as P granules. In 2014 in Seydoux’s lab, graduate student Jennifer Wang conducted genetic analyses to find a protein called MEG-3 in worm P granules. Wang’s experiments showed that another protein, PGL-3, creates the viscous liquid droplets, the “core” of P granules, and that MEG-3 loiters on the outside of the P granule, making small “clusters” that coat the surface of the P granules. “What we didn’t understand was these proteins could just linger on the outside of P granules yet be so integral to stabilizing the interior of the granules,” says Seydoux. The mystery was still unsolved when, in January, 2020, Seydoux was looking for the right words to describe their observations. She Googled “solids stabilizing liquids” and found references to the food science concept of Pickering emulsions. “I had an OMG moment when I read more about this phenomenon,” says Seydoux. An emulsion is a mixture of two liquids that don’t normally mix well, like oil and water. A Pickering emulsion is such a mixture that is stabilized, like the everyday carton of milk from the grocery store. Unprocessed cow milk is naturally unstable, and the fat droplets in milk tend to glom together to reduce the overall surface area among the fat molecules. The fat molecules — or cream — rise to the top and separate from the whey, or watery liquid in the milk. Seydoux says it occurred to her that MEG-3 might act in a way very similar to casein’s effect in milk, lowering the surface tension of the droplets to keep them from fusing together. And MEG-3’s tendency to remain around the surface of P granules suggested to her that it acted as a kind of membrane, she adds. “This is a well-known phenomenon in food science, and now we see that it may also be happening inside a cell,” says Seydoux. Seydoux and her team also engineered worm egg cells that lacked MEG-3 and saw that the uncoated P granules dissolved more slowly. This and other experiments, says Seydoux, suggest that MEG-3 not only stabilizes the droplets under normal conditions but also allows the droplets to respond more quickly when environmental conditions change. “Together, these experiments provide an explanation for how this primordial soup inside cells can assemble into compartments that resist fusing together and that respond to developmental cues,” says Seydoux. The team plans further studies to determine the precise physical structure of MEG-3 and additional details about how it works. If further studies pan out, MEG-3 could provide a renewable resource for developing Pickering emulsions in the food and chemical industry, they say. Funding for the research was provided by the National Institutes of Health (R37HD037047, F32GM134630). Seydoux is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Recommended Articles
Drinking water quality Safe water to your home each day We work hard to deliver a safe and reliable water supply that meets New Zealand’s drinking water standards. We have raised formerly ungraded water treatment plants and distribution systems to world-class standards. This includes improving the quality and reliability of water for our regional communities in Rodney and Franklin. Treating water to government standards We collect Auckland’s drinking water from dams, rivers and underground aquifers across the region. This raw water can contain contaminants, ranging from large debris to micro-organisms. At our treatment plants we make sure the water meets the requirements of the Ministry of Health’s Drinking Water Standards for New Zealand 2005 (revised 2008). We also constantly monitor and test water quality. A young boy holding a glass of water Top marks for tap water Every property connected to the metropolitan network receives high quality drinking water. View the latest water quality report What is drinking water? What’s in my water? Why is Auckland’s water considered soft? Why should I flush the tap each morning? I want to report a water quality issue

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