Datasets:
karthikmns
/
eval_testing_mns

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of latex, resins, gums etc.
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Key words
Creatinine, tubular fluid, peritubular network, podocyte, glomerulus, PCT, DCT,
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afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, calyces, micturation, urochrome, dialyser,
heamodialysis, anticoagulant, alkoloid, biodiesel, loop of henle.
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What we have learnt
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Due to metabolism several harmful excretory products are formed and process of removing toxic
waste from the body is called execretion.
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The human excretory system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
Each kidney is composed of approximately 1.3 to 1.8 millions of uriniferous tubules or nephrons,
which are structural and functional units of kidney.
A nephron comprises glomerulus,bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), Henle’s
loop, Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting tubule.
Formation of urine involves four stages. 1) Glomerular filteration, 2) Tubular Reabsorption,
3) Tubular Secretion, 4) Concentration of Urine.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 89
Kidneys remove nitrogenous waste from body, maintains water balance (osmoregulation), salt
content, pH, and blood pressure in human body.
Dialysis machine is an artificial kidney which filters the blood to remove the metabolic wastes out
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side the body.
Kidney transplantation is a permanent solution to renal failure patients.
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Different animals have different excretory organs e.g. amoeba-contractile vacuole, platyhelminthes-
flame cells, annelida-nephridia, arthropoda-malpighian tubule, reptiles, birds and mammals-kidney.
There are no special organs for excretion in plants. Plants store different waste materials in leaves,
bark, roots, seeds which fall of from the plants.
Plant metabolites are two types i) primary metabolites eg: proteins carbohydrates and fats.
ii) secondary metabolites eg: alkoloids, gums, tannins, latex and resins. These are economically important
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to us.
Excretion is the removal of material from living beings where as secretion is movement of materials
from one point to other.
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Improve your learning LA
1. What is meant by excretion? Explain the process of formation of urine. (AS1)
2. How are waste products excreted in amoeba?(AS1)
3. Name different excretory organs in human body and excretory material generated by them?(AS1)
4. Deepak said that ‘Nephrons are functional and structural units of kidneys’ how will you support
him?(AS1)
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5. How plants manage the waste materials?(AS1)
6. Why do some people need to use a dialysis machine? Explain the principle involved in it.(AS1)
7. What is meant by osmoregulation? How is it maintained in human body?(AS1)
8. Do you find any relationship between circulatory system and excretory system? What are they?(AS1)
9. Give reasons(AS1)
A.Always vasopressin is not secreted.
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B.When urine is discharged, in beginning it is acidic in nature later it become alkaline.
C. Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole.
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D.Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter?
10. Write differences(AS1)
A. Functions of PCT and DCT B. Kidney and artificial kidney
C. Excretion and secretion D. Primary metabolites and secondary metabolites
11. There is a pair of bean-shaped organs ‘P’ in the human body towards the back, just above the
waist. A waste product ‘Q’ formed by the decomposition of unused proteins in liver is brought into
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organ ‘P’ through blood by an artery ‘R’. The numerous tiny filters ‘S’ present in organ ‘P’ clean
the dirty blood goes into circulation through a vein ‘T’. The waste substance ‘Q’ and other waste