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To extend the molecular gas measurements to more typical star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with star formation rates SFR< 40 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and stellar masses M<SUB>∗</SUB>< 2.5 × 10<SUP>10</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB> at z ~ 1.5-3, we have observed CO emission with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the IRAM 30 m telescope for five strongly lensed galaxies, selected from the Herschel Lensing Survey. These observations are combined with a compilation of CO measurements from the literature. From this, we infer the CO luminosity correction factors r<SUB>2,1</SUB> = 0.81 ± 0.20 and r<SUB>3,1</SUB> = 0.57 ± 0.15 for the J = 2 and J = 3 CO transitions, respectively, valid for SFGs at z> 1. The combined sample of CO-detected SFGs at z> 1 shows a large spread in star formation efficiency (SFE) with a dispersion of 0.33 dex, such that the SFE extends well beyond the low values of local spirals and overlaps the distribution of z> 1 submm galaxies. We find that the spread in SFE (or equivalently in molecular gas depletion timescale) is due to the variations of several physical parameters, primarily the specific star formation rate, and also stellar mass and redshift. The dependence of SFE on the offset from the main sequence and the compactness of the starburst is less clear. The possible increase of the molecular gas depletion timescale with stellar mass, now revealed by low M<SUB>∗</SUB> SFGs at z> 1 and also observed at z = 0, contrasts with the generally acknowledged constant molecular gas depletion timescale and refutes the linearity of the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation. A net rise of the molecular gas fraction (f<SUB>gas</SUB>) is observed from z ~ 0.2 to z ~ 1.2, followed by a very mild increase toward higher redshifts, as found in earlier studies. At each redshift the molecular gas fraction shows a large dispersion, mainly due to the dependence of f<SUB>gas</SUB> on stellar mass, producing a gradient of increasing f<SUB>gas</SUB> with decreasing M<SUB>∗</SUB>. We provide the first measurement of the molecular gas fraction of z> 1 SFGs at the low-M<SUB>∗</SUB> end between 10<SUP>9.4</SUP><M<SUB>∗</SUB>/M<SUB>⊙</SUB>< 10<SUP>9.9</SUP>, reaching a mean ⟨ f<SUB>gas</SUB> ⟩ = 0.69 ± 0.18, which shows a clear f<SUB>gas</SUB> upturn at these lower stellar masses. Finally, we find evidence for a nonuniversal dust-to-gas ratio among high-redshift SFGs, high-redshift submm galaxies, local spirals, and local ultraluminous IR galaxies with near-solar metallicities, as inferred from a homogeneous analysis of their rest-frame 850 μm luminosity per unit gas mass. The SFGs with z> 1 show a trend for a lower L<SUB>ν</SUB>(850 μm) /M<SUB>gas</SUB> mean by 0.33 dex compared to the other galaxy populations. <P />Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer and the IRAM 30 m telescope. IRAM is supported by CNRS/INSU (France), the MPG (Germany), and the IGN (Spain). | 9 |
a device and a method for forming a signature , a predefined number of shift registers being provided , to which input data to be tested is applied bit - by - bit and in parallel as successive data words and which serially shift the input data forward in a predefinable cycle , a signature being formed in the shift registers after a certain number of data words and cycles , a code generator which generates at least one additional bit position in at least one additional shift register from each data word in the signature also being provided . | 6 |
a method for fabricating a molding tool for mold glass optical elements therewith is taught . the method comprises the steps of figuring the molding tool to have a predetermined mold surface ; applying an attenuating coating to the predetermined mold surface ; implanting metal ions through the attenuating coating and into the predetermined mold surface ; and removing the attenuating coating leaving the predetermined mold surface with metal ions implanted therein . the method of fabrication allows for the molding tool made therewith to be used for molding optical elements from eco - glasses such as titania at high temperatures without generating adverse surface chemistry effects in the molded element | 2 |
management of multiple paper sources during printing is provided . a setting screen allows setting a page layout indicating a number of pages to be arranged on a single face of a sheet of paper . an additional setting screen having different setting items allows setting of multiple paper feed sources for a single print job where the paper feed sources include a paper feed source for the first page of the print job and another paper feed source for a page different from the first page . the page layout may be changed in accordance with an operation on a page image indicating a set page layout when the additional setting screen includes the page image . in addition , both setting screens may be provided by a single printer driver . | 6 |
a process for removal of ethylene oxide from ambient air laden with eo is passed through a zeolite - based removal media , which preferrably consists of the acid form of zeolite zsm - 5 , herein referred to as “ h - zsm - 5 .” the process described herein may be applied to many forms , configurations and uses , such as , for example , gas masks , fume hood ventilation filters , cartridge filters , etc . preferably , the h - zsm - 5 is configured within an apparatus in such a manner that the stream containing eo is brought into sufficient contact with the zeolite to remove the eo from the airstream . | 8 |
the instant invention involves the use of a combination of preparatory steps in conjunction with mass spectroscopy and time - of - flight detection procedures to maximize the diversity of biopolymers which are verifiable within a particular sample . the cohort of biopolymers verified within such a sample is then viewed with reference to their ability to evidence at least one particular disease state ; thereby enabling a diagnostician to gain the ability to characterize either the presence or absence of said at least one disease state relative to recognition of the presence and / or the absence of said biopolymer . | 6 |
for retrieval of a hovering aircraft , a cable , bar , or similar fixture is suspended in an approximately horizontal orientation across the retrieval area between two well - separated supports . the aircraft slowly flies into this fixture , which then slides along the aircraft in a direction approximately parallel with the aircraft &# 39 ; s thrust line . this leads to the aircraft becoming fastened to the fixture by an interceptor or aircraft capturer , which in alternative embodiments are respectively on the aircraft or the fixture or both . thrust is then reduced , and the aircraft comes to rest hanging from the fixture for subsequent removal . retrieval is thus accomplished with simple and economical apparatus , light and unobtrusive elements on the aircraft , low risk of damage , and only moderate piloting accuracy . | 1 |
As part of our ongoing H II Region Discovery Survey (HRDS), we report the Green Bank Telescope detection of 148 new angularly large Galactic H II regions in radio recombination line (RRL) emission. Our targets are located at a declination of δ > -45^\circ , which corresponds to 266^\circ > {\ell }> -20^\circ at b=0^\circ . All sources were selected from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Catalog of Galactic H II Regions, and have infrared angular diameters ≥slant 260<SUP>\prime\prime</SUP> . The Galactic distribution of these “large” H II regions is similar to that of the previously known sample of Galactic H II regions. The large H II region RRL line width and peak line intensity distributions are skewed toward lower values, compared with that of previous HRDS surveys. We discover seven sources with extremely narrow RRLs < 10 {km} {{{s}}}<SUP>-1</SUP>. If half the line width is due to turbulence, these seven sources have thermal plasma temperatures < 1100 {{K}}. These temperatures are lower than any measured for Galactic H II regions, and the narrow-line components may arise instead from partially ionized zones in the H II region photodissociation regions. We discover G039.515+00.511, one of the most luminous H II regions in the Galaxy. We also detect the RRL emission from three H II regions with diameters > 100 {pc}, making them some of the physically largest known H II regions in the Galaxy. This survey completes the HRDS H II region census in the Northern sky, where we have discovered 887 H II regions and more than doubled the size of the previously known census of Galactic H II regions. | 9 |
an ergonomic garment carrier which accommodates garments such as suit shirts , jackets , pants and skirts as well as other items a traveler would typically transport or store . | 0 |
methods and systems are directed toward associating , displaying , and managing notes or other annotations with emails , instant messages , or other messages . a user interface provides a listing of message headers . selecting an annotation area associated with a message header causes an editor to open , and allows a user to enter an annotation , such as a text note , a url , and / or other data . an annotation fragment , such as a snippet of text , is generated from the annotation and associated with the annotation and message . the annotation , the annotation fragment , an icon or another representation remains perceptibly associated with the corresponding message header whenever the message header is moved in the user interface . placing a cursor over , or selecting the annotation representation causes the full annotation to be accessed and displayed . clicking on , or otherwise selecting the annotation representation opens the editor to revise the full annotation . | 6 |
The Spritz code is a fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code based on the Einstein Toolkit. To use it, uncompress the tarball (tar xvf SpritzCode_v1.1.0.tar) and then follow the instructions in the README file. If you use the code, please cite Cipolletta et al 2020 and Cipolletta et al 2021. Version 1.1.0 introduces full support for finite-temperature equations of state and neutrino leakage. It includes also a thorn to read initial data produced with Nrotstar (LORENE) and a set of python scripts to slice finite-temperature tabulated equations of state. Prerequisites: if working with initial data computed with LORENE using an equation of state (EOS) in CompOSE format (such as those available with Cipolletta et al 2021), you should use a version of Lorene published after March 2019 since older versions (including the ones coming with the Einstein Toolkit) have a bug when reading that EOS format. You should therefore install LORENE as a standalone library. After having installed LORENE and downloaded the Einstein Toolkit, before compiling Spritz you should add the following two lines to your configuration file (for example, Cactus/simfactory/mdb/optionlists/generic.cfg if compiling on your laptop) in order to use your installed version of LORENE and not the one coming with the Einstein Toolkit: LORENE_DIR=/path/to/Lorene LORENE_EXTRA_LIBS=fftw3 | 9 |
an apparatus for applying separate pulling forces to a structure such as a damaged vehicle body includes a post member formed of a back wall and a pair of side walls . the back wall is fastened to the ground by a supporting chain . a vehicle body is pulled by plural towing chains extending around respective first and second sprocket wheels and fixed to a swingable holding member upon extension of a hydraulic cylinder , each of which is mounted on the post member . the side walls of the post member have a plurality of apertures for receiving shafts of the first and second sprocket wheels , of ratchet wheels , of pawls and of the swingable holding member . the pawls are engaged with teeth of the ratchet wheels which are fixed to the first sprocket wheels for preventing return movement of the towing chains . | 8 |
a closure locking device for the opening of a self - service device , in particular an automatic teller machine includes a locking flap , the outside of which is indented . the locking flap , pivotable about an axis , is positioned behind a projecting upper wall panel and in front of a recessed wall panel . a gap is created when the locking flap is pivoted , and as the flap opens the width of the gap increases , so that any ice formed is broken up or jammed objects are released . a self - locking latch and actuator for the locking flap uses an actuating lever which is pivotable about an axis . the actuating lever includes a shaped guide slot which is engaged by the actuator . in a first part of the guide slot , no displacement work is performed by the actuator , whereas in a second part , which is positioned at an angle to the first part , displacement work is performed to move the lever and locking flap . | 8 |
a core sampling biopsy device is compatible with use in a magnetic resonance imaging environment by being driven by either a pneumatic rotary motor or a piezoelectric drive motor . the core sampling biopsy device obtains a tissue sample , such as a breast tissue biopsy sample , for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes . the biopsy device may include an outer cannula having a distal piercing tip , a cutter lumen , a side tissue port communicating with the cutter lumen , and at least one fluid passageway disposed distally of the side tissue port . the inner cutter may be advanced in the cutter lumen past the side tissue port to sever a tissue sample . | 0 |
a media device for storing and playing media such as audio , video or images , includes a memory device configured to store a plurality of media items in a digital format . the media device also includes a display configured to present a group of media items from the plurality of stored media items and to present a visual indicator that is capable of scrolling through the displayed group of media items in order to designate a specific media item from the group of media items . the media device further includes a touch pad configured to receive input from a sliding motion or a tapping motion of a finger . the sliding motion of the finger controls the movement of the visual indicator through the group of media items . the tapping motion of the finger selects the specific media item that is designated by the visual indicator . | 6 |
certain drinking straw device embodiments comprise an inner tube having a hole along its length and an actuator for actively introducing a gas or fluid through the hole into a liquid flowing through the inner tube . in an embodiment , the actuator stores and releases a pressurized gas . in some embodiments , the actuator stores and releases a second liquid or gel . in some embodiments , a device comprises a non - pressurized gas or fluid substance introduction mechanism , which , when activated , allows the gas or fluid substance to enter and be mixed with a liquid flowing through the inner tube . | 0 |
the purpose of the present invention is to provide a charged particle beam device and a sample holder for the charged particle beam device by which it is possible to form various environments , and perform in - situ observation and analysis without removing a sample from the charged particle beam device . in the present invention , inserting a detachable reverse side entry portion from a side facing a sample holding means , said portion being provided with a function for changing the state of a sample attached to the sample holding means , makes it possible to observe / analyze changes in the sample by a different process without removing the sample from the charged particle beam device by combining a reverse side entry portion having a different function with the sample holding means . the reverse side entry portion comprises two parts , and a tip thereof , which is one of the parts , is removable . after mounting the reverse side entry portion onto the sample holding means , the sample can be transported while maintaining the same atmosphere , and the sample can be transported between different devices without exposing the sample to air . | 7 |
a sample draining apparatus includes a hydraulic circuit having a sampler vessel and a drain vessel disposed therein . a first pump is located outside the hydraulic circuit and pumps fluid from a fluid source outside the hydraulic circuit into the hydraulic circuit to pressurize the circuit . a second pump is disposed in the hydraulic circuit for circulating fluid in the hydraulic circuit so that a fluid sample flows from the sampler vessel into the drain vessel while the sample is maintained within the closed hydraulic circuit . | 4 |
a reinforced panel , made of a composite material , includes a single base layer . a first plurality of mutually parallel ridges is affixed to the surface of the base layer . a second plurality of mutually parallel ridges is also affixed to the surface of the base layer , but oriented transverse to the first plurality . structurally , the ridges and the base layer are co - cured to create an integral , continuous structure that provides stiffness and rigidity to the panel . | 4 |
a refrigerant - transport hose having an inner tube , an outer tube located radially outwardly of the inner tube , and a reinforcing fiber layer interposed between the inner and outer tubes , the reinforcing fiber layer and the inner and outer tubes providing an integral tubular body , and inner tube including a gas - impermeable resinous layer formed of a composition containing a polyamide resin produced by reaction of hexamethylene diamine and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having eight to sixteen carbon atoms . | 8 |
Emission from carbon monoxide (CO) is ubiquitously used as a tracer of dense star-forming molecular clouds. There is, however, growing evidence that a significant fraction of CO emission originates from diffuse molecular gas. Quantifying the contribution of diffuse CO-emitting gas is vital for understanding the relation between molecular gas and star formation. We examine the Galactic distribution of two CO-emitting gas components, a high column density component detected in <SUP>13</SUP>CO and <SUP>12</SUP>CO, and a low column density component detected in <SUP>12</SUP>CO, but not in <SUP>13</SUP>CO. The “diffuse” and “dense” components are identified using a combination of smoothing, masking, and erosion/dilation procedures, making use of three large-scale <SUP>12</SUP>CO and <SUP>13</SUP>CO surveys of the inner and outer Milky Way. The diffuse component, which globally represents 25% (1.5 × 10<SUP>8</SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) of the total molecular gas mass (6.5 × {10}<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>), is more extended perpendicular to the Galactic plane. The fraction of diffuse gas increases from ∼10%-20% at a galactocentric radius of 3-4 kpc to 50% at 15 kpc, and increases with decreasing surface density. In the inner Galaxy, a yet denser component traced by CS emission represents 14% of the total molecular gas mass traced by <SUP>12</SUP>CO emission. Only 14% of the molecular gas mass traced by <SUP>12</SUP>CO emission is identified as part of molecular clouds in <SUP>13</SUP>CO surveys by cloud identification algorithms. This study indicates that CO emission not only traces star-forming clouds, but also a significant diffuse molecular ISM component. | 9 |
This is the repository for the Auto-BEL implementation in Python | 9 |
The "kinetic mode" feedback given its significance has been widely embraced in recent cosmological simulations of galaxy evolution. Inspired by some studies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) for different types of AGNs, we propose to explore and then utilize the capability of PAH features in diagnosing jet/shock processes that are highly correlated with the kinetic mode feedback. This goal will be achieved through empirical calibrations between PAH features and other infrared diagnostics, along with PAH emission and shcok models for explanations. PAH features are widely distributed from ~3 to 20 micron and the kinetic mode feedback is more prevalent in low lumnosity AGNs (LLAGNs), especially in the low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs). Therefore, we propose to obtain the NIRSpec/IFU and MIRI/MRS 2.9-28.5 micron spectroscopy for the central ~300-600 pc regions, where AGN activities are dominant, of 3 well studied nearby LINERs. We will constrain the spatial distributions of intrinsic and relative strengths of different PAH features in these LINERs. The distributions of infrared ionic emission lines and particularly H2 emission lines are also valuable. These lines provide a necessary probe of the underlying physical conditions to explain the PAH characteristics and associate the PAH characteristics with jet/shock processes. Secondly, through comparison with the archived JWST Cycle 1 and 2 spectroscopy of luminous nearby Seyfert galaxies, we will quantify the differences in PAH characteristics in regions dominated by a kinetic feedback versus the "quasar mode" feedback. The latter is more prevalent in luminous, highly accreting Seyfert galaxies. | 9 |
the present invention relates to compositions inhibiting the development of a pathological addiction to alcohol . the composition according to the present invention consists of the following ingredients , mg / kg : ______________________________________ leukoanthocyanes 219 - 270catechins 153 - 187flavonols 81 - 99lignin 68 - 83reducing sugars 216 - 264pectin 18 - 22free aminoacids 27 - 33organic acids 36 - 44sterols 4 . 5 - 5 . 5methylsterols 1 . 35 - 1 . 65dimethylsterols 1 . 98 - 2 . 42lignans 13 . 5 - 16 . 5lignan glycosides 9 - 11phenolic acids 13 . 5 - 16 . 5phenolic aldehydes 4 . 5 - 5 . 5alkylferulates 4 . 5 - 5 . 5______________________________________ | 8 |
The Winter War (1939−1940) was a 105-day long conflict between Finland and Soviet Union related to World War II. Its battles took largely place in Southern Karelia which included the Viipuri city (nowadays Vyborg) with population of over 80 000 residents. One and half months before the onset of the war, a preventive volunteer-based evacuation of 25 000 children and elderly took place in Viipuri – most of which returned back before the war. As the war broke out suddenly on November 30, 1939, Viipuri was bombed from air, and Finnish government issued a command to immediately evacuate the city together with the Southern Karelia on December 1. Each person was advised to carry food provisions for five days, and only the vital belongings. Trains, cattle wagons, and buses were overwhelmed and many left by foot. The evacuees were initially accommodated in camps, then in private homes. Residents of each evacuated region were directed to a certain destination elsewhere in Finland, even though the evacuees were often not aware of the exact destination upon departure. <P />Last remaining approx. 10 000 residents left the city the days following the peace agreement March 13, 1940, in which the city was agreed to be surrendered to the Soviet Union. Such evacuation, especially during the first days of the war, bears similarity to what could be expected in the case of a short-notice small asteroid impact near a provincial town. We will compare the historical evacuation process to an asteroid impact scenario. | 9 |
The dynamical formation channels of gravitational wave (GW) sources typically involve a stage when the compact object binary source interacts with the environment, which may excite its eccentricity, yielding efficient GW emission. For the wide eccentric compact object binaries, the GW emission happens mostly near the pericenter passage, creating a unique, burst-like signature in the waveform. This work examines the possibility of stellar-mass bursting sources in the mHz band for future LISA detections. Because of their long lifetime (∼10<SUP>7</SUP> yr) and promising detectability, the number of mHz bursting sources can be large in the local Universe. For example, based on our estimates, there will be ∼3–45 bursting binary black holes in the Milky Way, with ∼10<SUP>2</SUP>–10<SUP>4</SUP> bursts detected during the LISA mission. Moreover, we find that the number of bursting sources strongly depends on their formation history. If certain regions undergo active formation of compact object binaries in the recent few million years, there will be a significantly higher bursting source fraction. Thus, the detection of mHz GW bursts not only serves as a clue for distinguishing different formation channels, but also helps us understand the star formation history in different regions of the Milky Way. | 9 |
a translator includes an initial circuit device configured to charge a translator output to a first voltage level in response to a change in an input signal . the translator further includes a sensing device configured to detect the output &# 39 ; s potential approaching the first voltage level and smoothly shift charging functions over to a secondary circuit device , which will continue to charge the output up to a second voltage level . | 7 |
a chain of the type that is used in a reciprocating chain drive . the majority of the chain is constructed of conventional links that mesh with and are driven by rotating sprockets . a specially constructed link is included in the chain to disengage from the sprockets if the reversal controls of the chain drive mechanism malfunction . the special disengaging link is provided with an inclined plate which cams against the sprocket teeth to divert the chain off to the side of the sprocket if the disengaging link reaches the sprocket due to a control malfunction . | 8 |
Detecting gravitationally lensed supernovae is among the biggest challenges in astronomy. It involves a combination of two very rare phenomena: catching the transient signal of a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy and observing it through a nearly perfectly aligned foreground galaxy that deflects light towards the observer. Here we describe how high-cadence optical observations with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with its unparalleled large field of view, led to the detection of a multiply imaged type Ia supernova, SN Zwicky, also known as SN 2022qmx. Magnified nearly 25-fold, the system was found thanks to the standard candle nature of type Ia supernovae. High-spatial-resolution imaging with the Keck telescope resolved four images of the supernova with very small angular separation, corresponding to an Einstein radius of only θ<SUB>e</SUB> = 0.167" and almost identical arrival times. The small θ<SUB>E</SUB> and faintness of the lensing galaxy are very unusual, highlighting the importance of supernovae to fully characterize the properties of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses, including the impact of galaxy substructures. | 9 |
production apparatus and method for producing devices for storing electric energy are disclosed , wherein stacks of flat cathodes r and anodes that face one another alternately with the interposition of a separator are produced , and in which the separator is formed by a single continuous strip folded several times in a single folding direction . | 8 |
a compression post assembly for a soffit , canopy or like structure utilizing a suspended grid of inverted tees to support the soffit surface forming panels comprising a main strut and a saddle coupling , the main strut having a hollow cross - section along substantially its full length between its upper and lower ends , the saddle coupling being adapted to connect the lower end of the strut to a grid tee by receiving separate self - tapping screws , one in each of the main strut and grid tee , the saddle coupling having a pair of spaced depending legs , the legs being spread apart by a distance sufficient to straddle the bulb of a conventional grid tee and having a length sufficient to engage the upper surfaces of the lower flange of the grid tee and thereby stabilize the grid tee against pivotal motion about a horizontal axis . | 4 |
We present a kinematic analysis of 152 low surface gravity M7-L8 dwarfs by adding 18 new parallaxes (including 10 for comparative field objects), 38 new radial velocities, and 19 new proper motions. We also add low- or moderate-resolution near-infrared spectra for 43 sources confirming their low surface gravity features. Among the full sample, we find 39 objects to be high-likelihood or new bona fide members of nearby moving groups, 92 objects to be ambiguous members and 21 objects that are non-members. Using this age-calibrated sample, we investigate trends in gravity classification, photometric color, absolute magnitude, color-magnitude, luminosity, and effective temperature. We find that gravity classification and photometric color clearly separate 5-130 Myr sources from >3 Gyr field objects, but they do not correlate one to one with the narrower 5-130 Myr age range. Sources with the same spectral subtype in the same group have systematically redder colors, but they are distributed between 1 and 4σ from the field sequences and the most extreme outlier switches between intermediate- and low-gravity sources either confirmed in a group or not. The absolute magnitudes of low-gravity sources from the J band through W3 show a flux redistribution when compared to equivalently typed field brown dwarfs that is correlated with spectral subtype. Low-gravity, late-type L dwarfs are fainter at J than the field sequence but brighter by W3. Low-gravity M dwarfs are >1 mag brighter than field dwarfs in all bands from J through W3. Clouds, which are a far more dominant opacity source for L dwarfs, are the likely cause. On color-magnitude diagrams, the latest-type, low-gravity L dwarfs drive the elbow of the L/T transition up to 1 mag redder and 1 mag fainter than field dwarfs at M <SUB> J </SUB> but are consistent with or brighter than the elbow at M <SUB> W1</SUB> and M <SUB> W2</SUB>. We conclude that low-gravity dwarfs carry an extreme version of the cloud conditions of field objects to lower temperatures, which logically extends into the lowest-mass, directly imaged exoplanets. Furthermore, there is an indication on color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs; such as M <SUB> J </SUB> versus (J-W2)) of increasingly redder sequences separated by gravity classification, although it is not consistent across all CMD combinations. Examining bolometric luminosities for planets and low-gravity objects, we confirm that (in general) young M dwarfs are overluminous while young L dwarfs are normal compared to the field. Using model extracted radii, this translates into normal to slightly warmer M dwarf temperatures compared to the field sequence and lower temperatures for L dwarfs with no obvious correlation with the assigned moving group. <P />This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. | 9 |
a vehicle hitch for automatically connecting a vehicle to a trailer or connecting two vehicles for pushing or pulling one or the other . the hitch includes a coupling member mounted for pivotal movement in generally horizontal and vertical planes and provided with a shock absorber for cushioning certain forces and movements . an attachement pin has a cam surface to permit automatic coupling and can be locked in a disconnect position to simplify decoupling of the vehicle . | 1 |
a method of controlling image density in an electrophotographic copying machine includes operating a first detector to measure the density of a blank region on a photosensitive member , operating a second detector to measure the density of a reference toner image formed on a portion of the blank region , comparing the measured densities of the blank region and the reference toner image , and controlling the density of a developed image of an original in accordance with the results of the comparison . an apparatus in accordance with the invention includes a pair of optical density detecting sensors positioned in opposition to the photosensitive member and in juxtaposition to each other in the direction transverse to the direction of movement of the member . | 6 |
the invention provides methods and apparatus for measuring the distribution of cluster ion sizes in a gas cluster ion beam and for determining the mass distribution and mass flow of cluster ions in a gcib processing system without necessitating the rejection of a portion of the beam through magnetic or electrostatic mass analysis . the invention uses time - of - flight measurement to estimate or monitor cluster ion size distribution either before or during processing of a workpiece . the measured information is displayed and incorporated in automated control of a gcib processing system . | 7 |
an exemplary key includes a main body and a filling portion . the main body is made of ceramic material . the main body defines a through hole therein . the filling portion fills the through hole . the filling portion is capable of allowing light passing through the filling portion . | 7 |
a novel epoxy resin composition is prepared by first mixing 100 parts by weight of an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of no more than 200 with 0 . 5 - 10 parts by weight of a phenoxy resin to form a uniform mixture , then blending the mixture with a curing agent and an inorganic filler . the epoxy resin composition has a suitable degree of rigidity and softness within the molecular chain without sacrificing its resistance to heat or thermal shock and will not cause precipitation of any portion of the filler in the resin composition . this resin composition is useful in the making of cast insulators employed in electric machines . | 7 |
We confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian-mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground-based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of ${2.59}_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M <SUB>J</SUB>, making this one of the most massive planets transiting an M dwarf. The planet is ∼0.4% of the mass of its 0.63 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> host and may have a heavy-element mass comparable to the total dust mass contained in a typical class II disk. TOI-4201 b stretches our understanding of core accretion during the protoplanetary phase and the disk mass budget, necessitating giant planet formation to take place either much earlier in the disk lifetime or perhaps through alternative mechanisms like gravitational instability. *This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. | 9 |
a game wherein characters are defined to form a data pool . each character in the data pool is related to and distinguished from the other characters in the data pool by a geographic location data . the data preferably includes actual information such as geographic information , city , country , maps , house plans etc . however , the data can also be fictitious , such as imaginary worlds with imaginary cites towns etc . the character data may be presented to the player for review or interaction to further develop the character . the characters may be randomly selected from the data pool to simulate the possibility / probability of living at the locations corresponding to the data . several characters may be provided in sequence , each with a potentially different date and location data . | 0 |
a simplified method is disclosed for forming dual damascene patterns using a phase - shifting mask in conjunction with a single photoresist process . first , a method is descried for fabricating a phase - shifting metal mask formed on a quartz substrate having opaque , transparent and semi - light - transmitting regions . the transparent regions comprise hole pattern while the semi - transmitting regions comprise line pattern for a dual damascene pattern . then it is shown how the phase - shifting mask is used to form a dual damascene structure by forming a single photoresist on a silicon substrate having a tri - layer insulating layer , forming the hole and line patterns on the photoresist simultaneously by exposing it through the phase - shifting mask , and then transferring the patterns successively into the top and bottom layers of the insulating layer by etching . having thus formed the vertical hole interconnect and line trench into the insulating layer , metal is deposited into the dual damascene structure . any excess metal on the surface of the insulating layer is then removed by any number of ways including chemical - mechanical polishing , thereby planarizing the surface and readying it for the next semiconductor process . | 7 |
the present invention deals with a method of preparing nucleic acids , particularly rna , from a whole blood sample . the nucleic acids purified by the method of the invention are particularly suited for detection of nucleic acid marker molecules . preferred are markers for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy . such diagnosis is based on the detection , by means of real - time pcr , of certain mrnas of the tse - infected organism . said mrnas specifically originate as splicing variants and are isolated from whole blood by the method of the invention . | 2 |
a method and apparatus for performing motion estimation in a digital video system is disclosed . specifically , the present invention discloses a system that quickly calculates estimated motion vectors in a very efficient manner . in one embodiment , a first multiplicand is determined by multiplying a first display time difference between a first video picture and a second video picture by a power of two scale value . this step scales up a numerator for a ratio . next , the system determines a scaled ratio by dividing that scaled numerator by a second first display time difference between said second video picture and a third video picture . the scaled ratio is then stored calculating motion vector estimations . by storing the scaled ratio , all the estimated motion vectors can be calculated quickly with good precision since the scaled ratio saves significant bits and reducing the scale is performed by simple shifts . | 7 |
We present candl, an automatically differentiable python likelihood for analysing cosmic microwave background power spectrum measurements. candl is powered by JAX, which makes it fast and easy to calculate derivatives of the likelihood. This facilitates, for example, robust Fisher matrices without finite-difference methods. We show the benefits of candl through a series of example calculations, covering forecasting, robustness tests, and gradient-based Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. These also include optimising the band power bin width to minimise parameter errors of a realistic mock data set. Moreover, we calculate the correlation of parameter constraints from correlated and partially overlapping subsets of the SPT-3G 2018 TT/TE/EE data release. In a traditional analysis framework, these tasks are slow and require careful fine-tuning to obtain stable results. As such, a fully differentiable pipeline allows for a higher level of scrutiny; we argue that this is the paradigm shift required to leverage incoming data from ground-based experiments, which will significantly improve the cosmological parameter constraints from the Planck mission. candl comes with the latest primary and lensing power spectrum data from the South Pole Telescope and Atacama Cosmology Telescope collaborations and will be used as part of the upcoming SPT-3G TT/TE/EE and ϕϕ data releases. Along with the core code, we release a series of auxiliary tools, which simplify common analysis tasks and interface the likelihood with other cosmological software. candl is pip-installable and publicly available on Github. <P />candl is available at <A href="https://github.com/Lbalkenhol/candl">https://github.com/Lbalkenhol/candl</A> | 9 |
The Breakthrough Listen Initiative has embarked on a comprehensive SETI survey of nearby stars in the Milky Way that is vastly superior to previous efforts as measured by a wide range of different metrics. SETI surveys traditionally ignore the fact that they are sensitive to many background objects, in addition to the foreground target star. In order to better appreciate and exploit the presence of extragalactic objects in the field of view, the Aladin sky atlas and NED were employed to make a rudimentary census of extragalactic objects that were serendipitously observed with the 100-m Greenbank telescope observing at 1.1-1.9 GHz. For 469 target fields (assuming a FWHM radial field-of-view of 4.2 arcminutes), NED identified a grand total of 143024 extragalactic objects, including various astrophysical exotica e.g. AGN of various types, radio galaxies, interacting galaxies, and one confirmed gravitational lens system. Several nearby galaxies, galaxy groups and galaxy clusters are identified, permitting the parameter space probed by SETI surveys to be significantly extended. Constraints are placed on the luminosity function of potential extraterrestrial transmitters assuming it follows a simple power law and limits on the prevalence of very powerful extraterrestrial transmitters associated with these vast stellar systems are also determined. It is demonstrated that the recent Breakthrough Listen Initiative, and indeed many previous SETI radio surveys, place stronger limits on the prevalence of extraterrestrial intelligence in the distant Universe than is often fully appreciated. | 9 |
the invention relates to a fluid storage tank having an interior volume and a floor and having an internal spill containment chamber comprising a vent gas scrubbing apparatus or scrubber . the chamber may be defined by a containment wall which completely separates the chamber from the tank interior volume . the containment wall may comprise an exterior portion which extends beyond the tank wall . the scrubber is disposed within the chamber and comprises a gas inlet passing through the containment wall into the tank interior volume , a gas outlet for venting scrubbed gases , and a gas scrubbing chemical storage and circulation system . | 1 |
According to the unified model of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), a putative dusty torus plays an important role in determining an AGN’s external appearance. However, information on the physical properties of the torus is very scarce. We perform detailed decomposition of the infrared (1-500 μm) spectral energy distribution of 76 z < 0.5 Palomar-Green quasars, combining photometric data from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Herschel with Spitzer spectroscopy. Our fits favor recent torus spectral models that properly treat the different sublimation temperatures of silicates and graphite and consider a polar wind component. The AGN-heated dust emission from the torus contributes a significant fraction (∼70%) of the total infrared (1-1000 μm) luminosity. The torus luminosity correlates well with the strength of the ultraviolet/optical continuum and the broad Hβ emission line, indicating a close link between the central ionization source and re-radiation by the torus. Consistent with the unified model, most quasars have tori that are only mildly inclined along the line of sight. The half-opening angle of the torus, a measure of its covering factor, declines with increasing accretion rate until the Eddington ratio reaches ∼0.5, above which the trend reverses. This behavior likely results from the change of the geometry of the accretion flow, from a standard geometrically thin disk at moderate accretion rates, to a slim disk at high accretion rates. | 9 |
a coolable arched roof for a high - temperature melting furnace having a furnace interior . at least the following layers are present on that side of a layer of refractory bricks , which is remote from the furnace interior : a sealing layer , which is used to seal the furnace interior against the leakage or penetration of gas ; an insulation layer having a thermally insulating action ; and a cooling layer , which is designed to carry a cooling fluid . the arrangement of layers results in an increased gastightness and prevents premature aging of the refractory bricks . | 5 |
a dynamic random access memory has a bit of data selected by a multiplexed address . the row address latches twice as much data as can be selected by the column address which follows the row address . after the column address has been utilized , there is still a one of two selection between two bits of data required . one of the row addresses provides the final selection between the two bits of data . an array toggle signal available from an extra pin is used to switch the state of the internal signal which corresponds to the one row address signal which makes the final one of two selection . the array toggle signal thus makes it possible to access any of the latched data in a high speed mode in which only the column address is changed to select among the bits of data which are already latched . | 6 |
a computer - implemented method and system facilitating a karaoke performance while exercising during an individual exercise session or group exercise class are disclosed . an indication of a song to be performed during the session or exercise class is received . at least one computer - readable karaoke file corresponding to the song is retrieved . the at least one computer - readable karaoke file may comprise common data elements , at least two independent karaoke data streams and exercise - related data elements . from a first class participant a selection of a first data stream of the at least two independent karaoke data streams is received . from a second class participant a selection of a second data stream of the at least two independent karaoke data streams is received . the presentation of the common data elements and the exercise - related data elements on a display common to the first and the second class participants is directed . the presentation of the first karaoke data stream on a display unique to the first class participant is directed . the presentation of the second karaoke data stream on a display unique to the second class participant is directed . the presentation of the common data elements , the exercise - related data elements , the first data stream and the second data stream may be synchronized . | 6 |
We describe how to define an extremely large discrete realization of a Gaussian white noise field that has a hierarchical structure and the property that the value of any part of the field can be computed quickly. Tiny subregions of such a field can be used to set the phase information for Gaussian initial conditions for individual cosmological simulations of structure formation. This approach has several attractive features: (i) the hierarchical structure based on an octree is particularly well suited for generating follow-up resimulation or zoom initial conditions; (ii) the phases are defined for all relevant physical scales in advance so that resimulation initial conditions are, by construction, consistent both with their parent simulation and with each other; (iii) the field can easily be made public by releasing a code to compute it - once public, phase information can be shared or published by specifying a spatial location within the realization. In this paper, we describe the principles behind creating such realizations. We define an example called Panphasia and in a companion paper by Jenkins and Booth (2013) make public a code to compute it. With 50 octree levels Panphasia spans a factor of more than 10<SUP>15</SUP> in linear scale - a range that significantly exceeds the ratio of the current Hubble radius to the putative cold dark matter free-streaming scale. We show how to modify a code used for making cosmological and resimulation initial conditions so that it can take the phase information from Panphasia and, using this code, we demonstrate that it is possible to make good quality resimulation initial conditions. We define a convention for publishing phase information from Panphasia and publish the initial phases for several of the Virgo Consortium's most recent cosmological simulations including the 303 billion particle MXXL simulation. Finally, for reference, we give the locations and properties of several dark matter haloes that can be resimulated within these volumes. | 9 |
A software library and set of tools to support ingestion, processing, and analysis of planetary science data. | 9 |
a turntable comprising a disk - shaped substrate and a portion for receiving a disk - shaped recording medium is disclosed . the disk - shaped substrate is shaped from a thermoplastic composite resin having a dynamic shear modulus , g &# 39 ;, of at least 1 . 5 × 10 10 dyne / cm 2 , a g 1 &# 39 ;/ g 2 &# 39 ; ratio of up to 1 . 5 , and a density of up to 2 . 0 g / cm 3 , and the receiving portion is formed on the top of the substrate from a thermoplastic elastomer having a hardness of 5 to 40 . the turntable has high dimensional precision and will experience reduced warpage . the turntable is capable of being revolved in a stable manner to ensure an increased precision in reading information . in addition , the turntable has a rapid access time and is capable of attaining a steady speed of revolution in a shorter period of time after the power has been switched on . | 6 |
a financial methodology for examining , explaining and predicting the spread between analyst targets and stock prices , by analyzing how investor confidence is impacted by media coverage and correlating this to the spread . the methodology is based on a quantitative approach suitable for numerical processing . it measures the confidence along several categories , and allows for industry benchmarking . | 6 |
keratin hydratable absorbents and films are fabricated with simple , repeatable processes . freeze drying produces a material with instantaneous water absorption to over 20 times its weight in water . films produced are flexible and uniform with water absorption 7 - 8 times the original weight . | 0 |
a white balance adjustment method for a display , the method including acquiring spectrum stimulus values of q gray scales of red , green , blue and white of a display panel of a tested display ; determining spectrum stimulus value brightness of white and green , and performing interpolation segmenting on brightness of white and green ; normalizing brightness of white and green ; acquiring an ideal brightness normalized value of white and an ideal brightness normalized value of green ; comparing the normalized value for brightness white and the ideal brightness normalized value corresponding to the white and the normalized value for brightness of green and the ideal brightness normalized value corresponding to the green respectively , based on the closest principle , and determining optimal gray scales of white and green ; determining a target chromaticity , and changing the gray scales of red and blue , acquiring a rgbw combination which is closest to the target chromaticity . | 6 |
the invention relates to an elevator system in tall buildings , the system having at least one first elevator shaft , which houses an elevator arranged to stop at floors called transfer levels , and at least one second elevator shaft , which houses elevators whose elevator cars are disposed one above the other in the elevator shaft , which elevator cars are designed to stop during their travel at any floor to which or from which a call has been issued . the second elevator shaft is divided vertically into local shafts situated one above the other , the number of which is at least one for each zone between transfer levels . | 1 |
an actuator has a pair of electromagnets and a curved magnetic member that is magnetically coupled to the electromagnets . the magnetic force acting on the curved magnetic member has less of a tendency to induce torque to the table than a straight magnetic member , because the geometry of the magnetic force between the curved magnetic member and electromagnets remain relatively unchanged over the permitted range of movement of the magnetic member . | 7 |
26 January 2022 backend to fully functional GUI app updates to support 10x 3` scRNA version 1 updates test jobs and test data for SmartSeq3 automated file detection for R3 and R4 read files Full Changelog: https://github.com/minoda-lab/universc/compare/1.1.7...1.2.0 Version submitted to Nature Communications (article accepted 8 September 2022). | 9 |
provided are a system and a method for detecting a number of layers of few - layer graphene employing multispectral image reproduction process to provide rapid detection of numbers of layers of few - layer graphenes on transparent or non - transparent substrates . the application of the system and method in relevant industries expedites validation and / or verification of the number of layers of an flg product and improves the quality control efficiency thereof . | 6 |
the belt of a rectangular two - reel tape cartridge is stretchably entrained around the tape packs , a single belt - driving roller , and four idler rollers . each idler roller is positioned near a corner of the cartridge so that the belt has an angle of wrap of at least 150 degrees at the periphery of each of the tape packs . such angle of wrap permits the cartridge to employ magnetic recording tape that has a smoother backside and yet avoids read / write errors at high tape speeds . | 6 |
a fitting assembly adapted for securing an elongate member to a bracket having an open - ended slot into which the fitting assembly is received . the fitting assembly includes a first fitting member adapted for attachment to the elongate member and having an axis and a second fitting member adapted for receipt into the open end of the slot and fixed engagement with the bracket through relative movement between the second fitting member and the bracket solely in a direction substantially lateral to the axis . the first and second fitting members are connected together and have first and second positions relative to each other in a direction substantially lateral to the axis and are constrained against relative movement substantially along the axis . the first and second fitting members are substantially immovable relative to each other in a direction substantially lateral to the axis in the second position . | 8 |
the present disclosure relates to a system for multiplexing both a plurality of video content and multiple video access mediums , video games , dvd players , etc .) in a viewer friendly manner to enhance entertainment and other entertainment possibilities . the output of a selected video content is seen in a container known as a video container . multiple video containers can be resized and positioned on a large screen television or other display device under viewer control . control of video containers &# 39 ; video content or other content viewed , audio , and a host of other properties are done via web page controls or preferably connected mobile devices such as smart phones , tablets or other devices . | 7 |
according to a preferred embodiment , a multi - piece fastener with self - indexing nut is disclosed . the multi - piece fastener is designed for use in low clearance areas such as aircraft wing side - of - body joint locations . the multi - piece fastener comprises a stud comprising an elongated part extending between a first end face and a second end face , a threaded head fastener , a threaded tail fastener , and a wrenching feature . a self - indexing feature is provided on the stud and head fastener which allows automatic orientation of the head fastener with respect to the stud . | 1 |
to enhance decoding of signals suspected of containing an embedded auxiliary signal , a suspect signal is screened to compute detection values evincing presence and strength of the embedded signal . screening strategies control detector actions , such as rejecting un - marked signals , improving synchronization of a reader used to extract hidden messages in suspect signals , determining authenticity of signals , and controlling use of the signals . | 7 |
disclosed is a lighting apparatus . the lighting apparatus includes : a control module supplying power ; a heat sink receiving the control module ; a light source mounted on the heat sink and connected to the control module ; and a communication module including a connection terminal inserted into the heat sink and connected to the control module , and an antenna device protruding from the heat sink . since the lighting apparatus can be controlled in a wireless scheme , a user of the lighting apparatus can easily control the lighting apparatus . | 5 |
the invention relates to a method for the manufacture of sheetlike or weblike material which is the carrier of markings apparent in transmitted light . the markings being produced in that sheets or webs of paper with marking of the desired type printed onto them are laminated to one another with the print - carrying surfaces facing towards one another and that the lamination is carried out with a thin plastic layer . | 1 |
a portable foldable keyboard comprised of two housings , each of which contains a key assembly , and a central hinge . the two housings can be slid together when the keyboard is unfolded and they interlock to form a sturdy keyboard having the standard qwerty keyswitch layout . | 7 |
According to theory, the torus of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is sustained from a wind coming off the accretion disc, and for low efficient AGN, it has been proposed that such structure disappears. However, the exact conditions for its disappearance remain unclear. This can be studied throughout the reflection component at X-rays, which is associated with distant and neutral material at the inner walls of the torus in obscured AGN. We select a sample of 81 AGNs observed with NuSTAR with a distance limit of D< 200 Mpc and Eddington rate $\rm {\lambda _{Edd} \equiv L_{bol}/L_{Edd}\lt 10^{-3}}$. We fit the 3-70 keV spectra using a model accounting for a partial-covering absorber plus a reflection component from neutral material. We find that the existence of the reflection component spans in a wide range of black hole mass and bolometric luminosities, with only ~13 per cent of our sample (11 sources) lacking of any reflection signatures. These sources fall in the region in which the torus may be lacking in the L-MBH diagram. For the sources with a detected reflection component, we find that the vast majority of them are highly obscured ($\rm {\log \ N_H \gt 23}$), with $\rm {\sim 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}}$ being Compton-thick. We also find an increase in the number of unobscured sources and a tentative increase on the ratio between $\rm {FeK\alpha }$ emission line and Compton-hump luminosities toward $\rm {\lambda _{Edd}=10^{-5}}$, suggesting that the contribution of the $\rm {FeK\alpha }$ line changes with Eddington ratio. | 9 |
a steering arm for a walking / rider pallet truck , the truck having a housing with an upper side and the steering arm having a steering rod which is linked to the upper side of the housing with one end , and carries a steering head at the other end . the steering head includes actuation elements for the control of functions of the pallet truck , the steering rod having an upper surface and lateral surfaces which join to the upper surface , at least the lateral surfaces being covered by a cushion . | 1 |
a dual light source voltage - modulated reciprocal control circuit for a scanner . the circuit includes a voltage modulation circuit , a first lamp driving circuit , a second lamp driving circuit and a reciprocal control circuit . the voltage - modulating circuit generates a modulated voltage whose magnitude can be adjusted through pulse width modulation of a square wave . the first lamp driving circuit receives the modulated voltage to drive a first lamp . similarly , the second lamp driving circuit receives the modulated voltage to drive a second lamp . the reciprocal control circuit redirects the modulated voltage to the first lamp driving circuit or the second lamp driving circuit according to the dictate of a reciprocal logic signal . | 7 |
a gate electrode control structure of an mos - gated semiconductor device includes four doped regions including a first region forming a first p - n junction with an enclosing composite region comprising a second , lightly doped region wholly enclosing a third heavily doped region partly enclosing the first region , and a fourth region forming a p - n junction with the third region . the gate electrode control structure is fabricated using known gate electrode self - alignment doping processes but wherein , in the process for forming the third heavily doped region , a spacer layer is provided on the gate electrode for defining a spacing between the third region and the channel region with an improved degree of precision . | 7 |
an optical disk player having a tracking servo loop comprising tracking error signal generating means and tracking driving means for operating a tracking mechanism in an optical head based on a tracking error signal generated . in the tracking servo loop , a servo gain selector is installed to selectively provide a first gain suitable for a recording and / or reproducing operation and a second gain which is higher than the first , thereby keeping the second gain selected only during the period from the beginning to completion of a tracking servo positioning operation . | 6 |
A wind-driven model is a new framework to model observational properties of transients that are powered by continuous outflow from a central system. While it has been applied to fast blue optical transients (FBOTs), the applicability has been limited to post-peak behaviours due to the steady-state assumptions; non-steady-state physics, e.g. expanding outflow, is important to model the initial rising phase. In this paper, we construct a time-dependent wind-driven model, which can take into account the expanding outflow and the time evolution of the outflow rate. We apply the model to a sample of well-observed FBOTs. FBOTs require high outflow rates (~30 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>) and fast velocities (~0.2-0.3c), with the typical ejecta mass and energy budget of ~0.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and ~10<SUP>52</SUP> erg, respectively. The energetic outflow supports the idea that the central engine of FBOTs may be related to a relativistic object, e.g. a black hole. The initial photospheric temperature is 10<SUP>5</SUP> -10<SUP>6</SUP> K, which suggests that FBOTs will show ultraviolet (UV) or X-ray flash similar to supernova shock breakouts. We discuss future prospects of surveys and follow-up observations of FBOTs in the UV bands. FBOTs are brighter in the UV bands than in the optical bands, and the time-scale is a bit longer than that in optical wavelengths. We suggest that UV telescopes with a wide field of view can play a key role in discovering FBOTs and characterizing their natures. | 9 |
the present invention disclosed herein is carbon nanomaterial and carbon based nanocomposites by pyrolysis of dead leaves and other similar natural waste material . in particular , the invention relates to synthesis of valuable functional carbon materials and their nanocomposites from different waste materials such as plant dead leaves and their use in high value added product applications . | 2 |
a copying machine , or a similar image recording apparatus , does not terminate the image forming process , even when an abnormality in sheet transportation is detected , until the process is completed , and a sheet bearing the image prepared in this image forming process is transported after jammed sheets are removed , so that unnecessary waste of imaging sheets can be avoided . | 6 |
methods and apparatus are disclosed for identifying audiovisual content , such as a movie or television show , based on audio data of the show and then presenting options to a user for the identified content , including recording that content on the user &# 39 ; s digital video recorder for later viewing . | 7 |
a plunger is provided for a syringe that includes a pressure relief mechanism that exhausts any fluid trapped in the chamber between sealing flanges carried by the plunger when the plunger is advanced to dispense fluid from the syringe . the contact pressure between the barrel - contacting surface of the rearmost sealing flange nearest the access opening of the syringe barrel is weakened relative to the contact pressure provided by the barrel - contacting surface of the sealing flange that isolates the fluid within the barrel . the contact pressure of the rearmost sealing flange may be lessened by either reducing its radial diameter relative to the radial diameter of the other sealing flange , removing an underlying portion of the plunger , or configuring the rearmost sealing flange as deflectable sealing lip . | 0 |
a braking system operable independent of driver input , where the braking system includes a primary brake system , a secondary brake system , a primary controller controlling fluid pressure in the primary brake system , and a secondary controller controlling fluid pressure in the secondary brake system independently of the primary controller . there is also an actuator which is part of the primary brake system , where the actuator is controlled by the primary controller . a reservoir is in fluid communication with both the primary brake system and the secondary brake system , to supply fluid to both the primary brake system and the secondary brake system . the primary controller selectively actuates the actuator to control the fluid pressure in the primary brake system independently of driver input , to provide braking capability to a fully autonomous driving vehicle . | 1 |
a fence post sleeve designed to allow the quick and easy erection of a temporary fencing structure without the use of installation tools . the fence post sleeve is a generally tubular structure having at least two barrier fence clips and a longitudinal slit . the fence post sleeve is designed to cooperate with a number of common fence posts . the barrier fence clips releasably secure flexible barrier fencing to the fence post sleeve , and thus the fence post . the fence post sleeve is particularly useful in the installation of construction fencing and other forms of temporary barrier fencing . | 8 |
a liquid flowmeter and method for determining the velocity of flow of fluid in a conduit , including a sensor adapted for mounting in the bottom of the conduit , and including acoustic energy transmitting and receiving devices , an in - phase reflected doppler energy signal detector connected with the receiving device , an anti - alias low pass filter for producing from the in - phase reflected energy a filtered signal , a digital - to - analog converter for digitalizing the in - phase signal to produce a sampled array , an accumulator for storing a first number of mean zeroed power spectra from the sampled array , a zeroing device for zeroing a second number of the initial samples of the power spectra , thereby to produce a first modified spectra , a median filter of rank r for filtering the first modified spectra to produce a second modified spectra , a limiting device for limiting the second modified spectra to produce samples limited to the upper portion of a range of amplitudes , thereby to produce a third modified spectra , a device for determining the high - frequency edge of the third modified spectra , a first converting device operable when the third modified spectra have a wide band width for producing as a multiple of the high - frequency edge an estimate of mean fluid velocity , and a second converting device operable when the third modified spectra have a narrow band width for producing as a function of the spectral peak an estimate of mean fluid velocity . | 6 |
a process of producing a perfluorocarboxylic acid fluoride having the formula : ## str1 ## wherein n is an integer of at least 2 , comprising effecting oligomerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide in the presence of an alkali metal fluoride a sulfone or a mixture of a sulfone with an ether having the formula : ch . sub . 3 o . sub . m ch . sub . 3 where m is an integer of 2 to 6 . this process makes it possible to improve production yield of hexafluoropropylene oxide oligomers remarkably , and to raise a reaction temperature for the oligomerization , as compared with conventional methods , thereby shortening reaction time therefor . | 2 |
We present an X-ray study of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant CTB 1 (G116.9+0.2) observed with Suzaku. The 0.6-2.0 keV spectra in the northeastern breakout region of CTB 1 are well represented by a collisional ionization-equilibrium plasma model with an electron temperature of ∼0.3 keV, whereas those in the southwestern inner-shell region can be reproduced by a recombining plasma model with an electron temperature of ∼0.2 keV, an initial ionization temperature of ∼3 keV, and an ionization parameter of ∼9 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> s. This is the first detection of the recombining plasma in CTB 1. The electron temperature in the inner-shell region decreases outwards, which implies that the recombining plasma is likely formed by the thermal conduction via interaction with the surrounding cold interstellar medium. The Ne abundance is almost uniform in the observed regions whereas Fe is more abundant toward the southwest of the remnant, suggesting an asymmetric ejecta distribution. We also detect a hard tail above the 2-keV band that is fitted with a power-law function with a photon index of 2-3. The flux of the hard tail in the 2-10 keV band is ∼5 × 10<SUP>-13</SUP> erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> and peaks at the center of CTB 1. Its origin is unclear but one possibility is a putative pulsar wind nebula associated with CTB 1. | 9 |
an insulated housing is described which includes a means for holding a pair of electrical connectors in parallel . the housing includes a griping means which allows a person to either insert or remove the housing from a mating electrical connection . the housing also includes a &# 34 ; living hinge &# 34 ; which , when closed , clamps on to the pair of electrical connectors to provide strain relief . | 7 |
a portable media reproduction system preferably includes a housing with an attached docking component for receiving a portable media player , the docking component being recessed into the housing when in a closed position such that the first side forms a uniformly substantially flat surface . a latch is provided for holding the docking component in the closed position , and a connector connects to the portable media player . the connector is positioned on the docking component to receive the portable media player when the docking component is in an open position . a base component is recessed into the second side of the housing when in a closed position such that the second side of the housing forms a uniformly substantially flat surface . the base component is extendable into an open position such that the it supports the portable media reproduction system in a substantially upright position . both the base component and the docking component are preferably spring loaded such that actuating the latch releases the docking component and the base component from their respective closed positions , allowing them to spring into their respective open positions . | 8 |
a gasification - liquefaction disposal method , system and equipment for msw are disclosed . the method involves the msw pretreatment of dehydrating and separating , thus reducing water and inorganic substance content of the waste . then , the msw is introduced into a plasma gasifier by a carbon dioxide air - sealed feeding device and gasified therein to obtain hydrogen - rich syngas . the hydrogen - rich syngas is then cooled , deacidified , dedusted and separated to obtain carbon dioxide . then , the hydrogen - rich syngas is catalyzed to produce methanol product in a methanol synthesis reactor . the separated carbon dioxide is sent back to a carbonation reaction chamber of a gasification system to perform carbonation reaction with calcium oxide , thereby releasing heat to provide assistant heat energy for gasification and avoiding greenhouse gas from being discharged into environment . exhaust gas is returned to the plasma gasifier for remelting treatment , thus forming a closed - loop circulation production system and realizing the disposal of the msw with zero discharge and no pollution , thereby avoiding dioxin pollution and converting the msw to chemical raw materials and fuel needed by mankind . the method , system and equipment are suitable for harmless and recycling disposal of msw , industrial high polymer waste , composting waste and waste in waste sorting sites . | 8 |
We study a class of simplified dark matter models in which one dark matter particle couples with a mediator and a Standard Model fermion. In such models, collider and direct detection searches probe complimentary regions of parameter space. For Majorana dark matter, direct detection covers the region near mediator-dark matter degeneracy, while colliders probe regions with a large dark matter and mediator mass splitting. For Dirac and complex dark matter, direct detection is effective for the entire region above the mass threshold, but colliders provide a strong bound for dark matter lighter than a few GeV. We also point out that dedicated searches for signatures with two jets or a monojet not coming from initial state radiation, along missing transverse energy can cover the remaining parameter space for thermal relic dark matter. | 9 |
provided are improvements for systems and methods of alternating current to direct current power regulation . the system improvements include a regulation circuit having a microprocessor that controls a silicon controlled rectifier circuit . method improvements include one or more of scr load sharing , adaptive voltage droop compensation , and / or voltage rebound compensation . | 7 |
<BR /> Aims: We study X-ray bright tidal disruption events (TDE), close to the peak of their emission, with the intention of understanding the evolution of their light curves and spectra. <BR /> Methods: Candidate TDE are identified by searching for soft X-ray flares from non-active galaxies in recent XMM-Newton slew data. <BR /> Results: In April 2014, X-ray emission was detected from the galaxy XMMSL1 J074008.2-853927 (a.k.a. 2MASX 07400785-8539307), a factor 20 times higher than an upper limit from 20 years earlier. Both the X-ray and UV flux subsequently fell, by factors of 70 and 12 respectively. The bolometric luminosity peaked at L<SUB>bol</SUB> 2 × 10<SUP>44</SUP> ergs s<SUP>-1</SUP> with a spectrum that may be modelled with thermal emission in the UV band, a power-law with Γ 2 dominating in the X-ray band above 2 keV and a soft X-ray excess with an effective temperature of 86 eV. Rapid variability locates the X-ray emission to within <73 R<SUB>g</SUB> of the nuclear black hole. Radio emission of flux density 1 mJy, peaking at 1.5 GHz was detected 21 months after discovery. Optical spectra indicate that the galaxy, at a distance of 73 Mpc (z = 0.0173), underwent a starburst 2 Gyr ago and is now quiescent. We consider a tidal disruption event to be the most likely cause of the flare. If this proves to be correct then this is a very clean example of a disruption exhibiting both thermal and non-thermal radiation. <P />Data for this object are available within the Open TDE Catalog at <A href="http://tde.space/tde/XMMSL1 J0740-85">https://tde.space/tde/XMMSL1 J0740-85</A> | 9 |
a coin supply and collection apparatus that is applied easily to an existing carousel of the type having a plurality of gaming machines , is readily installed without requiring significant alteration of the gaming machine bases or the internal components of the gaming machines . the apparatus is provided with a first belt conveyor for receiving coins from a coin - providing side and conveys them , as coins to be used in each of the gaming machines , beneath the plurality of gaming machines . a second belt conveyer receives the coins fed from the first belt conveyer and conveys them to coin carriers associated with each of the gaming machines . | 6 |
betz &# 39 ; s law establishes an efficiency limit of 0 . 59 for wind turbines . increasing turbine output power requires making the blades larger thereby increasing the radius of the turbine , which increases power by that factor squared , or by increasing the velocity of the air which increases the power according to that factor cubed . it would be beneficial to provide a wind turbine that overcame some of the disadvantages of prior art horizontal and vertical turbines including but not limited to , installation infrastructure , operation in non - laminar flow environments , operation over a wider range of air velocities , operation in low air velocity that defines many regions of the world and continental united states , and capable of supporting installations over a wide range of instances from discrete residential / commercial installations to large wind farms as well as providing increased output power through increased air velocities generated within the turbines . | 5 |
method and apparatus for encoding and manipulating digital signals are provided . the method , and associated apparatus , includes sampling the signal waveform to obtain a series of discrete samples and constructing therefrom a series of frames ; multiplying each frame with a windowing function ; applying a fast fourier transform to each frame producing a frequency - domain waveform ; convoluting the resultant frequency domain data with a variable kernel function ; locating local maxima and surrounding minima in the magnitude spectrum of each convolved frame , each local maxima and associated minima defining a plurality of regions corresponding to a frequency component of the signal ; and analyzing each of the regions in the frequency domain representation by summing the complex frequency components of bins falling within the defined regions into a single vector . the variable kernel function may be varied with frequency to achieve a differing tradeoff between frequency and temporal resolution across the range of the signal . | 6 |
Very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-ray flaring activity of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object PG 1553+113 has been detected by the H.E.S.S. telescopes. The flux of the source increased by a factor of 3 during the nights of 2012 April 26 and 27 with respect to the archival measurements with a hint of intra-night variability. No counterpart of this event has been detected in the Fermi-Large Area Telescope data. This pattern is consistent with VHE γ-ray flaring being caused by the injection of ultrarelativistic particles, emitting γ-rays at the highest energies. The dataset offers a unique opportunity to constrain the redshift of this source at z = 0.49 ± 0.04 using a novel method based on Bayesian statistics. The indication of intra-night variability is used to introduce a novel method to probe for a possible Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), and to set limits on the energy scale at which Quantum Gravity (QG) effects causing LIV may arise. For the subluminal case, the derived limits are E<SUB>QG,1</SUB> > 4.10 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> GeV and E<SUB>QG,2</SUB> > 2.10 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> GeV for linear and quadratic LIV effects, respectively. | 9 |
This repository contains the code used for the analyses in the paper "Increased growing-season productivity drives earlier autumn leaf senescence in temperate trees" | 9 |
a vibrator seismic source has a hydraulic system , including a pad , for applying reciprocating forces to the ground and sensor means for generating a feedback signal representative of the force applied to the ground . circuitry is provided for generating a pilot signal representative of the desired force to be applied to the ground . the pilot and feedback signals are single sideband shifted to increase both frequencies by a predetermined frequency . the high frequency pilot and feedback signals have their phase difference conventionally detected and provided to a digital computer for phase shifting the signal for controlling the vibrator so that the feedback signal is in phase with the pilot signal . in another embodiment , the instantaneous phase of each signal is computed continuously by a digital computer . the control signal digital representation is corrected to correspond with the pilot digital representation and an analog output signal is generated to provide the proper analog control signal . | 6 |
a package for packaging individual containers which is expandable to accommodate ice to chill the individual containers . the package includes drain holes which allow for drainage of any fluids which condense on the containers or which leak from the containers during shipment and handling . | 5 |
this invention relates to a process for stabilizing heavy metals in ash . the steps of the process include : preparing an aqueous slurry of ash and water ; decreasing the ph of the aqueous slurry to less than about 5 . 0 in the presence of an iron salt ; treating the aqueous slurry with an organo sulfur containing compound , an alkaline extract of peat moss , and an alkaline earth metal containing compound . heavy metals in ash treated by this process will not leach into the environment . | 0 |
FANTASY version 1.0.0b This includes: 1) 2nd and 4th order explicit symplectic integration schemes. 2) Automatic Jacobian | 9 |
a projection television has a screen that can be oriented toward the viewer . an image - projecting device produces an enlarged video image . a reflecting mirror reflects the enlarged image to the screen from behind such that the image is focused on the screen . a casing houses the screen , the image - projecting device , the reflecting mirror . at least one of the screen , image - projecting device , and reflecting mirror , and casing is tiltable such that the screen is oriented toward a viewer , so that the viewer is able to view the video image having a maximum luminance . | 7 |
an inter - level insulator structure is provided having an effective insulator dielectric constant approaching 1 . an embodiment of the inter - level insulator comprises a first metal layer comprising a first plurality of metal lines ; a second metal layer comprising a second plurality of metal lines , and at least one via connected to the first metal layer ; and an air gap interposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer . in one embodiment , the air gap is also present between metal lines on either metal layer , such that air gaps act as intra - level as well as inter - level insulators . a method is also provided to deposit and pattern a sacrificial polymer , and form metal layers . the sacrificial polymer is capable of being decomposed to become air gaps during annealing . | 7 |
The stellar content of the intracluster light (ICL) provides unique insight into the hierarchical assembly process of galaxy clusters. We present optical spectra of three ICL regions (μ<SUB>g</SUB> ≈ 25.3-26.2 mag arcsec<SUP>-2</SUP>) in the Coma cluster, located between 100 and 180 kpc from their nearest brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs): NGC 4889 and NGC 4874. Integral-field unit (IFU) spectroscopy with 13.5 hr on-source integration was acquired in an ancillary program within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV MaNGA survey. We stacked the 127 individual fiber spectra in each IFU to achieve a 1σ limiting surface brightness of 27.9 mag arcsec<SUP>-2</SUP>, corresponding to a mean signal-to-noise ratio in the optical of 21.7, 9.0, and 11.7 Å<SUP>-1</SUP>, for each ICL region. We apply stellar population models to the stacked spectra. Our results show that the velocity dispersions of ICL regions are very high (σ ∼ 630 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>), indicating the stars in these regions are tracing the gravitational potential of the cluster, instead of any individual galaxy. The line-of-sight velocities are different from each other by ∼700 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, while the velocity of each region is similar to the closest BCG. This suggests that the ICL regions are associated with two distinct subclusters centered on NGC 4889 and NGC 4874. The stellar populations of these regions are old and metal-poor, with ages of ${12.7}_{-3.4}^{+1.0}$ , ${6.7}_{-2.0}^{+2.9}$ , and ${9.7}_{-3.5}^{+3.5}$ Gyr, and [Fe/H] of $-{1.0}_{-0.3}^{+0.2}$ , $-{0.6}_{-0.5}^{+0.3}$ , and $-{0.8}_{-0.4}^{+0.3}$ . From the derived age and metallicity, the buildup of ICL in Coma is likely to be through the accretion of low-mass galaxies or the tidal stripping of the outskirts of massive galaxies that have ended their star formation early on, instead of directly from major mergers of massive galaxies. | 9 |
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