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516777 | Survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer: twenty-year data from two SEER registries | Background Many researchers are interested to know if there are any improvements in recent treatment results for metastatic breast cancer in the community, especially for 10- or 15-year survival. Methods Between 1981 and 1985, 782 and 580 female patients with metastatic breast cancer were extracted respectively from th... | Background Prospective trials have the disadvantages of requiring a long time to complete, and using highly selected patient subgroups in tertiary centers. While one waits for the results to mature, this delays additional research to improve treatment. If there were a method that allowed earlier prediction of the resul... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516777.xml |
532400 | A Global View of Gene Expression in the Aging Kidney | null | Four years ago in Science , Stuart Kim, a Stanford developmental biologist, made the case for laying down the broad strokes of a complex physiological process before defining its mechanisms. “A powerful, top-down, holistic approach,” he wrote, “is to identify all of the components of a particular cellular process, so t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC532400.xml |
509287 | Cancer immunotherapy: avoiding the road to perdition | The hypothesis that human cancers express antigens that can be specifically targeted by cell mediated immunity has become a scientifically justifiable rationale for the design and clinical testing of novel tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Although a number of TAA have been recognized and it has been suggested that they... | Introduction Although considerable advances have been made in terms of our molecular and cellular knowledge, for most human disease states a fundamental understanding of causal disease onset, disease mechanism and progression, and optimal treatment is still significantly limited. In part, this advancement has been hamp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509287.xml |
535540 | Weather-based prediction of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in epidemic-prone regions of Ethiopia I. Patterns of lagged weather effects reflect biological mechanisms | Background Malaria epidemics due to Plasmodium falciparum are reported frequently in the East African highlands with high case fatality rates. There have been formal attempts to predict epidemics by the use of climatic variables that are predictors of transmission potential. However, little consensus has emerged about ... | Background Malaria epidemics due to Plasmodium falciparum are reported frequently in the East African highlands [ 1 - 6 ]. Immunity to malaria in the populations of these epidemic-prone regions is often incomplete, so that epidemics cause high case fatality rates among all age groups. In 1958, a malaria epidemic coveri... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535540.xml |
535542 | Saposin C promotes survival and prevents apoptosis via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway in prostate cancer cells | Background In addition to androgens, growth factors are also implicated in the development and neoplastic growth of the prostate gland. Prosaposin is a potent neurotrophic molecule. Homozygous inactivation of prosaposin in mice has led to the development of a number of abnormalities in the male reproductive system, inc... | Background Androgens, growth factors, neuropeptides, and other trophic agents are involved in normal and neoplastic growth of the prostate. Prosaposin is the intracellular precursor of four lysosomal glycoproteins, saposins A-D, that are involved in lysosomal hydrolysis of sphingolipids. These saposins, through their i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535542.xml |
539350 | The effect of cigarette price increase on the cigarette consumption in Taiwan: evidence from the National Health Interview Surveys on cigarette consumption | Background This study uses cigarette price elasticity to evaluate the effect of a new excise tax increase on cigarette consumption and to investigate responses from various types of smokers. Methods Our sample consisted of current smokers between 17 and 69 years old interviewed during an annual face-to-face survey cond... | Background One of the problems in controlling tobacco in Taiwan is that cigarette prices are lower in Taiwan than in most countries [ 1 , 2 ]. In India, smokers have to work 77 minutes to afford a pack of cigarettes, in Indonesia 62 mins, in China 56 mins, but in Taiwan they need only work 7 to 10 mins to afford a pack... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539350.xml |
535556 | The architecture of chicken chromosome territories changes during differentiation | Background Between cell divisions the chromatin fiber of each chromosome is restricted to a subvolume of the interphase cell nucleus called chromosome territory. The internal organization of these chromosome territories is still largely unknown. Results We compared the large-scale chromatin structure of chromosome terr... | Background It is a longstanding observation that chromatin distribution in the interphase cell nucleus varies with the cell type. Flemming described differences in nuclear appearance in 1882 [[ 1 ], p.100]. Since then methodological advancements have made it possible to study nuclear chromatin architecture in much more... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535556.xml |
524498 | Feasibility of rapid and automated importation of 3D echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) geometry into a finite element (FEM) analysis model | Background Finite element method (FEM) analysis for intraoperative modeling of the left ventricle (LV) is presently not possible. Since 3D structural data of the LV is now obtainable using standard transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) devices intraoperatively, the present study describes a method to transfer this dat... | Background Intraoperative TEE is currently available in most cardiac surgical operating rooms. In some centers, intraoperative 3D echocardiography is used to evaluate geometry and to plan surgical interventions prior to LV remodeling surgery. However, quantitation of LV geometry is limited to rather imprecise measures ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524498.xml |
509293 | The Regenerative Plasticity of Isolated Urodele Myofibers and Its Dependence on Msx1 | The conversion of multinucleate postmitotic muscle fibers to dividing mononucleate progeny cells (cellularisation) occurs during limb regeneration in salamanders, but the cellular events and molecular regulation underlying this remarkable process are not understood. The homeobox gene Msx1 has been studied as an antagon... | Introduction There is currently a significant focus on strategies to promote regeneration in adult mammals and therefore a renewed interest in the mechanisms that underlie regeneration in urodele amphibians. An adult salamander such as the newt or axolotl can regenerate its limbs and tail, jaws, ocular tissues such as ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509293.xml |
533858 | Models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem and is predicted to become the third most common cause of death by 2020. Apart from the important preventive steps of smoking cessation, there are no other specific treatments for COPD that are as effective in reversing the condition, and the... | Introduction The global burden of disease studies point to an alarming increase in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [ 1 ] which is predicted to be one of the major global causes of disability and death in the next decade [ 2 ]. COPD is characterized by a range of pathologies from chronic i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533858.xml |
520826 | Daily rhythms in plasma levels of homocysteine | Background There is accumulated evidence that plasma concentration of the sulfur-containing amino-acid homocysteine (Hcy) is a prognostic marker for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both fasting levels of Hcy and post methionine loading levels are used as prognostic markers. The aim of the present study was to i... | Background Experimental results accumulated in recent years have revealed that plasma concentration of the sulfur-containing amino-acid homocysteine (Hcy) is a prognostic marker for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [ 1 - 5 ]. Plasma concentrations of Hcy in excess of 15 μmol/L under fasting conditions were associ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520826.xml |
534106 | Healthcare professionals' perceptions of pain in infants at risk for neurological impairment | Background To determine whether healthcare professionals perceive the pain of infants differently due to their understanding of that infant's level of risk for neurological impairment. Method Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU's) at two tertiary pediatric centers. Ninety-five healthcare professionals who practice in t... | Background Research on pain in infants has progressed considerably over the past twenty years. The nature and frequency of procedural pain in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is now understood [ 1 ], many measures have been developed for assessment of acute pain in the NICU [ 2 ] and many pain interventions have... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534106.xml |
524504 | Comparison of Misoprostol and Dinoprostone for elective induction of labour in nulliparous women at full term: A randomized prospective study | Background The objective of this randomized prospective study was to compare the efficacy of 50 mcg vaginal misoprostol and 3 mg dinoprostone, administered every nine hours for a maximum of three doses, for elective induction of labor in a specific cohort of nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix and more than 40... | Introduction Induction of labor is carried out for maternal and fetal indications. One of the most common indications is prolonged pregnancy [ 1 ]. Recent studies have suggested that by continuing pregnancy beyond 41 weeks, there is a statistically significant higher perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as an incr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524504.xml |
520832 | The C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variant and third trimester obstetrical complications in women with unexplained elevations of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein | Introduction The C677T MTHFR variant has been associated with the same third trimester pregnancy complications as seen in women who have elevations of maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP). We hypothesized that these women with third trimester pregnancy complications and MSAFP elevations would have an increased frequenc... | Background Significant elevations of amniotic fluid and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) have been shown to be associated with spina bifida and other neural tube defects (NTD). The province of Manitoba, Canada offers province-wide midtrimester MSAFP screening to all pregnant women. It has been recognized that s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520832.xml |
517720 | Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran | Background There are multiple studies in different countries regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. These studies showed high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Asian countries. This study tries to elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its influencing factors in population of Tehran. Method... | Background Vitamin D is an essential element for establishing and maintananing bone structure. Vitamin D deficiency results in rickets and osteomalacia. Even slight vitamin D deficiency results in secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition, there has been increased attention to t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517720.xml |
533866 | Itch and skin rash from chocolate during fluoxetine and sertraline treatment: Case report | Background The skin contains a system for producing serotonin as well as serotonin receptors. Serotonin can also cause pruritus when injected into the skin. SSRI-drugs increase serotonin concentrations and are known to have pruritus and other dermal side effects. Case presentation A 46-year-old man consulted his doctor... | Background The skin contains a system for producing serotonin as well as serotonin receptors. Serotonin can also cause pruritus when injected into the skin. SSRI-drugs increase serotonin concentrations and are known to have pruritus and other dermal side effects e.g. exanthema, purpura, urticaria and pruritus [ 1 ]. In... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533866.xml |
534112 | Mucosal delivery of anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra by sporulating recombinant bacteria | Background Mucosal delivery of therapeutic protein drugs or vaccines is actively investigated, in order to improve bioavailability and avoid side effects associated with systemic administration. Orally administered bacteria, engineered to produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1Ra), have shown localised amelior... | Background The use of recombinant proteins as drugs has deeply modified the therapeutic approach to many severe diseases. However, a variety of practical problems limits the use of biotechnological protein drugs. Stability of the active proteins, need for parenteral administration, and high costs of the final purified ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534112.xml |
545066 | Mycophenolate mofetil modulates adhesion receptors of the beta1 integrin family on tumor cells: impact on tumor recurrence and malignancy | Background Tumor development remains one of the major obstacles following organ transplantation. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus directly contribute to enhanced malignancy, whereas the influence of the novel compound mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on tumor cell dissemination has not been explor... | Background With the improved long-term outcome of allograft recipients in the cyclosporine or tacrolimus era, malignant tumors have become increasingly important. Malignant tumours develop in 15–20% of graft recipients after 10 years, and thus contribute substantially to the morbidity and mortality of these patients [ ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545066.xml |
509250 | Evaluation of reporting timeliness of public health surveillance systems for infectious diseases | Background Timeliness is a key performance measure of public health surveillance systems. Timeliness can vary by disease, intended use of the data, and public health system level. Studies were reviewed to describe methods used to evaluate timeliness and the reporting timeliness of National Notifiable Diseases Surveilla... | Background Public health surveillance is defined as the "ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know"[ 1 ]. Reasons for co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509250.xml |
517708 | SED, a normalization free method for DNA microarray data analysis | Background Analysis of DNA microarray data usually begins with a normalization step where intensities of different arrays are adjusted to the same scale so that the intensity levels from different arrays can be compared with one other. Both simple total array intensity-based as well as more complex "local intensity lev... | Background DNA microarray technology is now playing an increasingly important role in biomedical research. Microarray technology gives one the opportunity to measure gene expression levels of thousands to tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, in order to study the differential gene expression pattern between diffe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517708.xml |
514573 | "Is there nothing more practical than a good theory?": Why innovations and advances in health behavior change will arise if interventions are used to test and refine theory | Theoretical and practical innovations are needed if we are to advance efforts to persuade and enable people to make healthy changes in their behavior. In this paper, I propose that progress in our understanding of and ability to promote health behavior change depends upon greater interdependence in the research activit... | Background Even with the dramatic advances in our understanding of the biological processes that determine health and illness, it has never been more clear that rates of disease morbidity and premature mortality reflect people's behavioral practices. [ 1 ] The benefits, both for individuals and the societies in which t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514573.xml |
509278 | Characterization of yeast histone H3-specific type B histone acetyltransferases identifies an ADA2-independent Gcn5p activity | Background The acetylation of the core histone NH 2 -terminal tails is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases. Histone acetyltransferases can be classified into two distinct groups (type A and B) on the basis of cellular localization and substrate specificity. Type B histone acetyltransferases, originally defined as c... | Background Histones H3 and H4 are among the most evolutionarily conserved proteins (>90% identity from yeast→humans) [ 1 ]. Octamers composed of one histone H3/H4 tetramer and two histone H2A/H2B dimers package 146 bp of DNA into the basic repeating subunit of chromatin, the nucleosome [ 1 ]. Hence, as fundamental comp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509278.xml |
546209 | Doxycycline-regulated gene expression in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus | Background Although Aspergillus fumigatus is an important human fungal pathogen there are few expression systems available to study the contribution of specific genes to the growth and virulence of this opportunistic mould. Regulatable promoter systems based upon prokaryotic regulatory elements in the E. coli tetracycl... | Background Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic filamentous fungus that has become the leading mould pathogen in leukemia treatment centers and transplantation units in developed countries, second only to Candida spp . as a cause of systemic mycosis [ 1 ]. Despite some advances in therapy, currently available drugs f... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546209.xml |
544350 | Micronutrient malnutrition and wasting in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV co-infection in Malawi | Background Wasting and micronutrient malnutrition have not been well characterized in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. We hypothesized that micronutrient malnutrition is associated with wasting and higher plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods In a cross-section... | Background Approximately one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the majority live in less developed countries where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is spreading rapidly. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of new cases of tuberculosis... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544350.xml |
423136 | Virtual Labs: E-Learning for Tomorrow | At Stanford University, the Virtual Labs project takes full advantage of information technology to provide innovative resources for learning and teaching | Because of the explosive growth in our scientific understanding, today's students are required to learn and maintain a rapidly expanding knowledge base. Students are also expected to understand and follow the crossover of information between different disciplines. As a result, they often have to understand the fundamen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423136.xml |
546221 | Stable expression of constitutively-activated STAT3 in benign prostatic epithelial cells changes their phenotype to that resembling malignant cells | Background Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are involved in growth regulation of cells. They are usually activated by phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues. In neoplastic cells, constitutive activation of STATs accompanies growth dysregulation and resistance to apoptosis through change... | Introduction Signal transducers and activators of gene transcription (STATs) are, as their name suggests, proteins that regulate gene expression by affecting transcription. They are part of the signal transduction pathway used by many growth factors and cytokines, and are activated by phosphorylation of tyrosine and se... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546221.xml |
544191 | A suite of web applications to streamline the interdisciplinary collaboration in secondary data analyses | Background We describe a system of web applications designed to streamline the interdisciplinary collaboration in outcomes research. Description The outcomes research process can be described as a set of three interrelated phases: design and selection of data sources, analysis, and output. Each of these phases has inhe... | Background In the last decade, the number of relevant data sources available for outcomes research has grown exponentially. In contrast, the number of individual researchers with clinical and statistical expertise required to explore these data sets increase at a much slower pace. As a result, an immense quantity of va... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544191.xml |
545072 | Characterisation of cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by the topoisomerase II-directed bisdioxopiperazine anti-cancer agent ICRF-187 (dexrazoxane) in yeast and mammalian cells | Background Bisdioxopiperazine anti-cancer agents are inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II, sequestering this protein as a non-covalent protein clamp on DNA. It has been suggested that such complexes on DNA represents a novel form of DNA damage to cells. In this report, we characterise the cytotoxicity and DNA ... | Background Type II topoisomerases are essential nuclear enzymes found in all living organisms [ 1 ]. Their basic role in cells is to catalyse the transport of one DNA double helix through a transient double strand break in another DNA molecule [ 2 ]. This activity helps relieve tensions built up in DNA during various D... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545072.xml |
544344 | Protein family comparison using statistical models and predicted structural information | Background This paper presents a simple method to increase the sensitivity of protein family comparisons by incorporating secondary structure (SS) information. We build upon the effective information theory approach towards profile-profile comparison described in [Yona & Levitt 2002]. Our method augments profile column... | Background Detecting an evolutionary relationship between proteins is the basis for functional inference. Existing methods most often rely on sequence information in an attempt to quantify the evolutionary divergence or similarity between the sequences compared. A significant similarity would suggest that the proteins ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544344.xml |
529433 | The Quest for a Vaccine That Yields Tumor-Killing T cells | null | The immune system has a remarkable capacity for fending off infectious diseases, and it has become clear that these same defenses can recognize and destroy cancer cells. In fact, they do so on an ongoing basis, and cancer develops only when immune surveillance breaks down. Many patients with established tumors also mou... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529433.xml |
509244 | 8-Cl-Adenosine enhances 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced growth inhibition without affecting 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated differentiation of primary mouse epidermal keratinocytes | Background Epidermal keratinocytes continuously proliferate and differentiate to form the mechanical and water permeability barrier that makes terrestrial life possible. In certain skin diseases, these processes become dysregulated, resulting in abnormal barrier formation. In particular, skin diseases such as psoriasis... | Background The epidermis of the skin serves as a mechanical and water permeability barrier essential for terrestrial life (reviewed in [ 1 ]) and is composed primarily of epidermal keratinocytes. These keratinocytes stratify to form several layers. The deepest layer, the stratum basalis or basal layer comprises prolife... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509244.xml |
538270 | Comparative study of matrix metalloproteinase expression between African American and Caucasian Women | To date there are 26 human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are classified according to their substrate specificity and structural similarities. The four major subgroups of MMPs are gelatinases, interstitial collagenases, stromelysins, and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs). This study investigates... | Introduction In 2003, it was estimated that approximately 1.3 million Americans would be diagnosed with invasive cancer. Of this group, racial/ethnic minorities account for a disproportionate number of these cancers [ 1 , 2 ]. Invasive breast cancer usually begins in either the lobules or the ducts of the breast. These... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538270.xml |
529427 | Reconsidering Early HIV Treatment and Supervised Treatment Interruptions | Another study casts doubt on the value of early treatment and treatment interruptions. What are the implications of this study for our understanding of HIV pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccine development? | The devastating effects of HIV infection worldwide are reason enough for AIDS researchers to grasp at thin rays of hope. But seldom has a single anecdotal case stimulated as much hope as the 1999 report of an acutely infected patient who appeared to control HIV replication after two short treatment interruptions [ 1 ].... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529427.xml |
538258 | Immunological parameters in girls with Turner syndrome | Disturbances in the immune system has been described in Turner syndrome, with an association to low levels of IgG and IgM and decreased levels of T- and B-lymphocytes. Also different autoimmune diseases have been connected to Turner syndrome (45, X), thyroiditis being the most common. Besides the typical features of Tu... | Introduction Recurrent otitis media is often a problem in children with Turner syndrome (TS) [ 1 , 2 ]. More than 60% of the Turner girls (60–80%) aged 4–15 years suffer from repeated attacks of acute otitis media, as compared to 5% of children (aged 0–6 years) in the normal population [ 3 , 4 ]. These problems among t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538258.xml |
514567 | Thermal modeling of lesion growth with radiofrequency ablation devices | Background Temperature is a frequently used parameter to describe the predicted size of lesions computed by computational models. In many cases, however, temperature correlates poorly with lesion size. Although many studies have been conducted to characterize the relationship between time-temperature exposure of tissue... | Introduction The mitigation of primary and metastatic tumors by radiofrequency ablation is a developing research area. The goal of ablation is to necrose treatment volumes by raising the temperature of targeted tissues. Ablation probes are inserted percutaneously, laparoscopically, or during surgery into cancerous tumo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514567.xml |
533872 | The use of Open Reading frame ESTs (ORESTES) for analysis of the honey bee transcriptome | Background The ongoing efforts to sequence the honey bee genome require additional initiatives to define its transcriptome. Towards this end, we employed the Open Reading frame ESTs (ORESTES) strategy to generate profiles for the life cycle of Apis mellifera workers. Results Of the 5,021 ORESTES, 35.2% matched with pre... | Background The honey bee, Apis mellifera , occupies a prominent place in biological research due to its social behavior, learning capabilities, haplodiploid mechanism of sex determination, and plasticity in phenotype (caste) and longevity. Thus, it is a model organism for classical and sociogenetic studies. In addition... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533872.xml |
546235 | A finite element method model to simulate laser interstitial thermo therapy in anatomical inhomogeneous regions | Background Laser Interstitial ThermoTherapy (LITT) is a well established surgical method. The use of LITT is so far limited to homogeneous tissues, e.g. the liver. One of the reasons is the limited capability of existing treatment planning models to calculate accurately the damage zone. The treatment planning in inhomo... | Introduction Laser radiation is now used routinely in surgery to incise, coagulate, or vaporize tissues. The laser light power is converted into heat in the target volume with ensuing coagulative necrosis, secondary degeneration and atrophy, and tumour shrinkage with minimal damage to surrounding structures [ 1 ]. The ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546235.xml |
521084 | Anogenital distance in human male and female newborns: a descriptive, cross-sectional study | Background In animal studies of the effects of hormonally active agents, measurement of anogenital distance (AGD) is now routine, and serves as a bioassay of fetal androgen action. Although measurement of AGD in humans has been discussed in the literature, to our knowledge it has been measured formally in only two desc... | Background In animal studies of the effects of hormonally active agents, measurement of anogenital distance (AGD) is now routine [ 1 - 16 ], and serves as a bioassay of fetal androgen action. In rodents, perineal growth is dihydrotestosterone-dependent [ 17 ], males have a greater AGD than females, and use of AGD to se... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521084.xml |
555739 | Desmoplastic small round cell tumour: Cytological and immunocytochemical features | Background Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm. The cytological diagnosis of these tumors can be difficult because they show morphological features quite similar to other small round blue cells tumors. We described four cases of DSRCT with cytological sampling: one obtai... | Introduction Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm described as a distinct clinicopathologic entity in 1989 by Gerald and Rosai [ 1 ]. Usually affecting young males and presenting as an abdominal mass, the tumor grows along serosal membranes with multiple nodules attached ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555739.xml |
406407 | Open Access and Scientific Societies | Societies are encouraged to consider their own open-access experiments within the context of the communities they serve | This is the second in a series of three editorials that aim to address recurring concerns about the benefits and risks associated with open-access publishing in medicine and the biological sciences. Scientific societies serve their members, their broader scholarly communities, and the different components of their miss... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406407.xml |
550669 | An AFLP-based genetic linkage map of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi | Background Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi can be considered as a rodent model of human malaria parasites in the genetic analysis of important characters such as drug resistance and immunity. Despite the availability of some genome sequence data, an extensive genetic linkage map is needed for mapping the genes involved in... | Background Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi is a malaria parasite of murine rodents. It has been widely used as a model to study various aspects of parasite biology and disease which are difficult to investigate using human malaria parasites. For instance, P. c. chabaudi is being used to study the genetic basis of drug res... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550669.xml |
314476 | Visualizing Noncentrosomal Microtubules during Spindle Assembly | null | As cells can only arise from cells that already exist, continuity of life depends on the highly regulated sequence of events that control cell division. This process is mediated by a complex macromolecular structure called the mitotic spindle. The most conspicuous components of the spindle are microtubules, which are m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314476.xml |
538264 | Gene expression profiling reveals novel TGFβ targets in adult lung fibroblasts | Background Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a crucial role in the accumulation of extracellular matrix components in lung fibrosis, where lung fibroblasts are considered to play a major role. Even though the effects of TGFβ on the gene expression of several proteins have been in... | Background Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates a variety of physiological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, extracellular matrix production, embryonic development and wound healing [ 1 ]. Altered expression of TGFβ plays a crucial role in organ fibrosi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538264.xml |
517495 | Molecular clock in neutral protein evolution | Background A frequent observation in molecular evolution is that amino-acid substitution rates show an index of dispersion (that is, ratio of variance to mean) substantially larger than one. This observation has been termed the overdispersed molecular clock. On the basis of in silico protein-evolution experiments, Bast... | Background Kimura has argued that the majority of nucleotide substitutions that accumulate in genes over time are selectively neutral, and go to fixation purely by chance [ 1 ]. One major prediction of Kimura's neutral theory is that the substitution process should be a Poisson process, with the mean number of substitu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517495.xml |
550655 | The PECACE domain: a new family of enzymes with potential peptidoglycan cleavage activity in Gram-positive bacteria | Background The metabolism of bacterial peptidoglycan is a dynamic process, synthases and cleavage enzymes are functionally coordinated. Lytic Transglycosylase enzymes (LT) are part of multienzyme complexes which regulate bacterial division and elongation. LTs are also involved in peptidoglycan turnover and in macromole... | Background The bacterial cell wall resists intracellular pressure and gives the bacterium its particular shape. Cell wall reinforcement is brought about by a strong scaffolding structure, the peptidoglycan, which is formed by glycan strands and peptide chains held together by covalent bonds, resulting in a mono- or mul... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550655.xml |
503386 | Attentional influences on functional mapping of speech sounds in human auditory cortex | Background The speech signal contains both information about phonological features such as place of articulation and non-phonological features such as speaker identity. These are different aspects of the 'what'-processing stream (speaker vs. speech content), and here we show that they can be further segregated as they ... | Background This study explores attentional modulation within the 'what'-stream of the auditory modality during phoneme processing. Knowledge of speech sound representation in the auditory domain is still sparse. However, parallels to the extensively studied visual modality and also to the somatosensory domain are becom... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC503386.xml |
546194 | Patient involvement in medical decision-making and pain among elders: physician or patient-driven? | Background Pain is highly prevalent among older adults, but little is known about how patient involvement in medical decision-making may play a role in limiting its occurrence or severity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether physician-driven and patient-driven participation in decision-making were associa... | Background Persons age 65 years and older commonly endure a multitude of chronic and debilitating conditions which contribute to persistent pain [ 1 ]. Estimates of the prevalence of pain among the community-dwelling elderly range between 25% and 50% [ 2 , 3 ]. Pain has been found to have a substantial effect on health... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546194.xml |
515309 | The planetary biology of cytochrome P450 aromatases | Background Joining a model for the molecular evolution of a protein family to the paleontological and geological records (geobiology), and then to the chemical structures of substrates, products, and protein folds, is emerging as a broad strategy for generating hypotheses concerning function in a post-genomic world. Th... | Background The emergence of complete genomes for many organisms, including humans, has created the need for hypotheses concerning the "function" of specific genes that encode specific proteins. While "function" is interpreted by different workers in different ways [ 1 ], Darwinian theory (by axiom) requires that the te... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515309.xml |
314462 | Science on the Rise in Developing Countries | The disparity in the scientific output between developed and developing counties is dramatic, but, as the Americas show, this grim picture is improving | Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, recently called attention to the clear inequalities in science between developing and developed countries and to the challenges of building bridges across these gaps that should bring the United Nations and the world scientific community closer to each other ( An... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314462.xml |
545489 | A population-based study of anxiety as a precursor for depression in childhood and adolescence | Background Anxiety and depression co-occur in children and adolescents with anxiety commonly preceding depression. Although there is some evidence to suggest that the association between early anxiety and later depression is explained by a shared genetic aetiology, the contribution of environmental factors is less well... | Background Anxiety and depressive disorders are some of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in children and adolescents respectively. Both are known to be associated with major impairment in childhood and adverse consequences in later life [ 1 - 4 ]. Estimates of the prevalence of any childhood anxiety disorder are i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545489.xml |
515296 | A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny | Background Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds) is an ideal model group in which to study a wide range of behavioural, ecological and macroevolutionary processes across species. However, comparative studies depend on phylogeny to control for the effects of shared evolutionary history. Although numerous hypotheses have be... | Background The shorebirds and allies (Aves: Charadriiformes; [ 1 ]) present an exceptional group for studying numerous evolutionary hypotheses. Their remarkable diversity of social mating system, parental care, sexual dimorphism, ecology and life-history make them an ideal group for unravelling the mechanisms of, for e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515296.xml |
528856 | Funding free and universal access to Journal of Neuroinflammation | Journal of Neuroinflammation is an Open Access, online journal published by BioMed Central. Open Access publishing provides instant and universal availability of published work to any potential reader, worldwide, completely free of subscriptions, passwords, and charges. Further, authors retain copyright for their work,... | Introduction Journal of Neuroinflammation is an Open Access, online journal that is published by BioMed Central, an independent publisher committed to Open Access for peer-reviewed biomedical research [ 1 ]. Among the many benefits of Open Access publishing are (1) instant and universal availability of published work t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528856.xml |
521682 | Differential dynamics of histone H3 methylation at positions K4 and K9 in the mouse zygote | Background In the mouse zygote the paternal genome undergoes dramatic structural and epigenetic changes. Chromosomes are decondensed, protamines replaced by histones and DNA is rapidly and actively demethylated. The epigenetic asymmetry between parental genomes remains at least until the 2-cell stage suggesting functio... | Background It is now generally accepted that the properties of a particular DNA sequence in cells are not solely defined by the nucleotide sequence itself, but by "epigenetic" modifications as well. Epigenetic modifications imply the methylation of cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides and covalent modifications of co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521682.xml |
521696 | The effect of oxythioquinox exposure on normal human mammary epithelial cell gene expression: A microarray analysis study | Background Inter-individual variation in normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to oxythioquinox (OTQ) is reported. Gene expression signatures resulting from chemical exposures are generally created from analysis of exposures in rat, mouse or other genetically similar animal models, limiting information abou... | Background Oxythioquinox (Morestan™ or OTQ, Bayer Corp) is a prototypical pesticide that was first used in 1968 on crops such as apples, pears, cucumbers, and gherkins. However, its use was later confined to non-food crops, limiting exposure to nursery and greenhouse employees. OTQ is a member of the quinoxaline class ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521696.xml |
548152 | Upregulated expression of human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3 (HNP 1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomarker study | Background Molecular markers for localized colon tumours and for prognosis following therapy are needed. Proteomics research is currently producing numerous biomarker studies with clinical potential. We investigate the protein composition of plasma and of tumour extracts with the aim of identifying biomarkers for colon... | Background The diagnostic stage of colon cancer determines survival. Patients diagnosed with localized tumours have a 75% probability of 5 year survival, whereas patients diagnosed with distant metastases only have a 5–10 % probability of 5 year survival (reviewed in [ 1 ]). Recently a number of studies have been publi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548152.xml |
546037 | Light-Dependent Development of Circadian Gene Expression in Transgenic Zebrafish | The roles of environmental stimuli in initiation and synchronization of circadian oscillation during development appear to vary among different rhythmic processes. In zebrafish, a variety of rhythms emerge in larvae only after exposure to light-dark (LD) cycles, whereas zebrafish period3 (per3) mRNA has been reported t... | Introduction The circadian clock controls biological processes such as behavior, gene expression, and physiology in diverse organisms, ensuring that these processes to take place at appropriate times of the day. This is crucial for many organisms, such as plants, which must synchronize photosynthesis with day-night cyc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546037.xml |
548146 | Induction of chondro-, osteo- and adipogenesis in embryonic stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2: Effect of cofactors on differentiating lineages | Background Recently, tissue engineering has merged with stem cell technology with interest to develop new sources of transplantable material for injury or disease treatment. Eminently interesting, are bone and joint injuries/disorders because of the low self-regenerating capacity of the matrix secreting cells, particul... | Background Articular cartilage is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), the matrix-secreting chondrocyte and water, which all account for the tissue's characteristic rigidity as well as its flexibility. These features are necessary in order to warrant life-long survival of the cartilage tissue, especially in the join... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548146.xml |
535807 | Inconsistent self-reported mammography history: Findings from the National Population Health Survey longitudinal cohort | Background Self-reported information has commonly been used to monitor mammography utilization across populations and time periods. However, longitudinal investigations regarding the prevalence and determinants of inconsistent responses over time and the impact of such responses on population screening estimates are la... | Background In the absence of organized screening, self-report is often the only means to monitor mammography utilization and to investigate trends in uptake at the population level [ 1 ]. In Canada, mammographic screening occurs both within organized programs and opportunistically through routine medical practice [ 2 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535807.xml |
549516 | Prognostic indicators in peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer | Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer has new treatment options for surgical management. The approach uses cytoreductive surgery which combines peritonectomy and visceral resection in an effort to remove all visible cancer within the abdomen and pelvis. Then the peritoneal cavity is flooded with chemot... | I. Introduction Peritoneal carcinomatosis has always been regarded as a terminal condition. It is present in 10 to 30% of patients with gastrointestinal cancer at the time of their initial surgery and is a frequent finding in patients who develop recurrent cancer. Important natural history studies establish a 6-month m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549516.xml |
514611 | Interval exercise versus continuous exercise in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – study protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN11611768] | Background Physical exercise has become a cornerstone of management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because it leads to clinically relevant improvements of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Despite the scarcity of randomised trials directly comparing exercise protocols, curren... | Background Impaired exercise capacity, dyspnoea and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) are common complaints of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A major exercise-limiting factor in COPD is peripheral muscle dysfunction characterised by atrophic muscles and reduced fatigue resistanc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514611.xml |
516774 | The aminoguanidine carboxylate BVT.12777 activates ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 | Background 3-guanidinopropionic acid derivatives reduce body weight in obese, diabetic mice. We have assessed whether one of these analogues, the aminoguanidine carboxylate BVT.12777, opens K ATP channels in rat insulinoma cells, by the same mechanism as leptin. Results BVT.12777 hyperpolarized CRI-G1 rat insulinoma ce... | Background ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels are important regulators of cell function, coupling energy metabolism with electrical activity. K ATP channels are comprised of two proteins, derived from the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) family and an inwardly rectifying K + channel (Kir6.x family), the exact composition ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516774.xml |
554976 | Comparing strategies for United States veterans' mortality ascertainment | Background We aimed to determine optimal strategies for complete mortality ascertainment comparing death certificates and United States (US) Veterans Administration (VA) records. Methods We constructed a cohort of California veterans who died in fiscal year (FY) 2000 and used VA services the year before death. We deter... | Introduction Clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, regulators and policymakers are concerned with optimizing mortality ascertainment using administrative data. In addition to its clinical importance, mortality informs program planning, quality assessment and improvement, and public reporting [ 1 - 8 ]. Ve... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554976.xml |
539230 | Unique Double-Barreled Enzyme Makes Methionine the Hard Way | null | If a cell is a complex symphony of chemical reactions, its enzymes are the instruments through which this elemental music is played. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme, whose uniquely shaped active site not only binds reactants, but, by forming weak and temporary bonds, coaxes them into new orientations wi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539230.xml |
535813 | Widespread presence of "bacterial-like" PPP phosphatases in eukaryotes | Background In eukaryotes, PPP ( p rotein p hosphatase P ) family is one of the two known protein phosphatase families specific for Ser and Thr. The role of PPP phosphatases in multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cell has been extensively studied. Unlike eukaryotic PPP phosphatases, bacterial members of the family... | Background Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism, indispensable for regulation of virtually any cellular function. Therefore, protein kinases and phosphatases are of paramount importance for normal functioning of all metabolic and signalling pathways. In eukaryotes, PPP family is one of the t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535813.xml |
535344 | Bi-directional modulation of AMPA receptor unitary conductance by synaptic activity | Background Knowledge of how synapses alter their efficiency of communication is central to the understanding of learning and memory. The most extensively studied forms of synaptic plasticity are long-term potentiation (LTP) and its counterpart long-term depression (LTD) of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. ... | Background Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, which is mediated predominantly by the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors, can undergo long-term bi-directional modifications in strength [ 1 - 3 ]. These persistent changes have been proposed to be key synaptic processes involved in learn... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535344.xml |
544581 | Metallopanstimulin as a marker for head and neck cancer | Background Metallopanstimulin (MPS-1) is a ribosomal protein that is found in elevated amounts in the sera of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We used a test, denoted MPS-H, which detects MPS-1 and MPS-1-like proteins, to determine the relationship between MPS-H serum levels and clinical sta... | Background Effective therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which constitutes approximately 95% of head and neck malignancies, is dependent upon early diagnosis and intervention. Despite the obvious advantage to earlier diagnosis of head and neck malignancies, no strategy has proven to effectively d... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544581.xml |
524261 | One Brain, One Vision | null | Not all devices that measure the same property do it in the same way—a clock might use a spring system or it might be digitally synchronized to a transmitted signal. Although both have the same goal of reporting accurate time, each is subject to different errors. Sometimes even the same device uses different systems to... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524261.xml |
524513 | An unusual case of chronic meningitis | Background Chronic meningitis is defined as symptoms and signs of meningeal inflammation and persisting cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities such as elevated protein level and pleocytosis for at least one month. Case presentation A 62-year-old woman, of unremarkable past medical history, was admitted to hospital for inves... | Background Bacterial Meningitis usually presents as an acute illness, predominantly affecting children and young adults. It typically presents with the classical clinical triad of fever, neck stiffness and an altered mental state. However, it may rarely present as a chronic illness, without the classic clinical feature... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524513.xml |
535350 | Distinct gene expression profiles in different B-cell compartments in human peripheral lymphoid organs | Background There are three major B-cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs: the germinal center (GC), the mantle zone (MNZ) and the marginal zone (MGZ). Unique sets of B-cells reside in these compartments, and they have specific functional roles in humoral immune response. MNZ B cells are naïve cells in a quies... | Background Appropriate T- and B-cell migration and timely interaction with antigen presenting cells (APC) are essential for the development of humoral immune responses [ 1 , 2 ]. Specialized compartments within lymphoid tissues facilitate these interactions [ 3 ]. Distinct populations of B-cells reside in these microen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535350.xml |
554786 | Using equilibrium frequencies in models of sequence evolution | Background The f factor is a new parameter for accommodating the influence of both the starting and ending states in the rate matrices of "generalized weighted frequencies" (+gwF) models for sequence evolution. In this study, we derive an expected value for f , starting from a nearly neutral model of weak selection, an... | Background Felsenstein [ 1 ] was the first to introduce an evolutionary model for DNA sequences, which allows for unequal nucleotide frequencies (see also [ 2 ]). His F81 model allows for substitutions at a rate proportional to the frequencies of the ending nucleotides. It is considered the simplest rate matrix for acc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554786.xml |
544595 | The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain drain | Background The objective of this paper is to describe the numbers, characteristics, and trends in the migration to the United States of physicians trained in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We used the American Medical Association 2002 Masterfile to identify and describe physicians who received their medical training in su... | Background Doctors migrate from developing countries to wealthier countries in order to further their careers, or improve their economic or social situation. The World Health Organization (WHO) has long recognized that migration of health personnel from developing to developed countries creates unfortunate imbalances i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544595.xml |
514605 | A study comparing the actions of gabapentin and pregabalin on the electrophysiological properties of cultured DRG neurones from neonatal rats | Background Gabapentin and pregabalin have wide-ranging therapeutic actions, and are structurally related to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Gabapentin, pregablin and GABA can all modulate voltage-activated Ca 2+ channels. In this study we have used whole cell patch clamp recording and fura-2 Ca 2+ imaging to char... | Background Gabapentin (Neurotonin ® ) and pregabalin (S(+)-3-isobutyl GABA) were both originally designed as GABA mimetics (Figure 1A ), with the intention that they would be able to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with GABAergic systems and enhance GABA mediated inhibition. Although gabapentin appears to ha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514605.xml |
521494 | Open Access gains attention in scholar communication | null | Open Access is one of the attempts to maximize the exchange of information, and therefore benefits the scholar communication [ 1 ]. Molecular Cancer offers Open Access to all of its content, thereby providing a platform to present information to specialists and the public in order to further promote free exchange of id... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521494.xml |
524249 | Representation of Attended Versus Remembered Locations in Prefrontal Cortex | A great deal of research on the prefrontal cortex (PF), especially in nonhuman primates, has focused on the theory that it functions predominantly in the maintenance of short-term memories, and neurophysiologists have often interpreted PF's delay-period activity in the context of this theory. Neuroimaging results, howe... | Introduction Jacobsen (1935 , 1936 ) first discovered that damage to the primate prefrontal cortex (PF) appeared to cause a short-term memory deficit. In his experiments, monkeys and chimpanzees with bilateral damage to PF failed to retrieve food from one of two opaque cups when the food had been out of sight for even ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524249.xml |
534099 | Comparison of frozen and RNALater solid tissue storage methods for use in RNA expression microarrays | Background Primary human tissues are an invaluable widely used tool for discovery of gene expression patterns which characterize disease states. Tissue processing methods remain unstandardized, leading to unanswered concerns of how to best store collected tissues and maintain reproducibility between laboratories. We su... | Background Many of the hopes for achieving clinical benefits of genomic medicine will hinge on the ability to develop an efficient specimen conduit from clinic to laboratory. Quantitative gene expression studies have created unprecedented tissue collection and handling challenges. In particular, the rapid degeneration ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534099.xml |
509318 | A Red-Blooded Transcription Factor | null | Every multicellular organism depends on the coordinated actions of a multitude of cell types, each designed to carry out specific jobs. In vertebrates, for example, the task of ferrying oxygen to organs, tissues, and cells throughout the body is shouldered by red blood cells. These cells must develop early in the embry... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509318.xml |
520749 | Methylation profiles of thirty four promoter-CpG islands and concordant methylation behaviours of sixteen genes that may contribute to carcinogenesis of astrocytoma | Background Astrocytoma is a common aggressive intracranial tumor and presents a formidable challenge in the clinic. Association of altered DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands with the expression profile of cancer-related genes, has been found in many human tumors. Therefore, DNA methylation status as ... | Background Diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma is a leading group of the primary central nervous system tumors, accounting for more than 60% of all primary brain tumors [ 1 , 2 ]. It may arise aggressively from the normal astrocytes, or evolve stepwise from the less its benign precursors. Owing to the difficulties with ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520749.xml |
522823 | Spatial dependency of Buruli ulcer prevalence on arsenic-enriched domains in Amansie West District, Ghana: implications for arsenic mediation in Mycobacterium ulcerans infection | Background In 1998, the World Health Organization recognized Buruli ulcer (BU), a human skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), as the third most prevalent mycobacterial disease. In Ghana, there have been more than 2000 reported cases in the last ten years; outbreaks have occurred in at least 90 of its 110 ... | Background Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin disease, which usually begins as a painless nodule or papule and may progress to massive skin ulceration. If untreated BU may lead to extensive soft tissue destruction, with inflammation extending to deep fascia. The parts of the body most affected are the extremities. Subsequent ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522823.xml |
543577 | Thermodynamics of weight loss diets | Background It is commonly held that "a calorie is a calorie", i.e. that diets of equal caloric content will result in identical weight change independent of macronutrient composition, and appeal is frequently made to the laws of thermodynamics. We have previously shown that thermodynamics does not support such a view a... | Background Carbohydrate restriction as a general strategy for weight loss continues to gain in popularity and its utility and generally protective effect in lipid profile and glycemic control continues to be demonstrated, at least in an experimental setting [ 1 - 4 ]. The subject nonetheless remains controversial. Thos... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543577.xml |
554779 | General practitioner attitudes to the care of people with epilepsy: an examination of clustering within practices and prediction of patient-rated quality of care | Background There is wide variation in the quality of care provided by primary care practices to individuals with chronic illnesses. Individual doctor attitudes and interest have been demonstrated to influence patient outcomes in some instances. Given the trend towards larger practices and part-time working, continuity ... | Background There is wide variation in the quality of care provided by primary care practices to individuals with chronic illnesses [ 1 ]. Individual doctor attitudes and interest have been demonstrated to influence patient outcomes in some instances [ 2 , 3 ] and it has been argued that specific attitudes are more pred... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554779.xml |
551615 | Familial hypercholesterolemia in St.-Petersburg: the known and novel mutations found in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene in Russia | Background Familial hypercholesterolemia is a human monogenic disease caused by population-specific mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. Despite thirteen different mutations of the LDL receptor gene were reported from Russia prior to 2003, the whole spectrum of disease-causing gene alterations ... | Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (OMIM #143890) is one of the most common monogenic human diseases. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with the prevalence of the heterozygous form conventionally considered to be about 1 of 500 in most populations [ 1 ]. Elevated blood serum cholesterol is due t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551615.xml |
497040 | Integrated web service for improving alignment quality based on segments comparison | Background Defining blocks forming the global protein structure on the basis of local structural regularity is a very fruitful idea, extensively used in description, and prediction of structure from only sequence information. Over many years the secondary structure elements were used as available building blocks with g... | Background Protein structure is obviously modular, with similar structural segments, such as alpha helices and beta strands found in unrelated proteins. Such segments, identified from structure, are used extensively in description and analysis of protein structures [ 1 , 2 ]. Several groups have demonstrated that only ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC497040.xml |
439783 | Genomic Analysis of Mouse Retinal Development | The vertebrate retina is comprised of seven major cell types that are generated in overlapping but well-defined intervals. To identify genes that might regulate retinal development, gene expression in the developing retina was profiled at multiple time points using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). The express... | Introduction The vertebrate retina is a model system for studying both the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Only six major types of neurons develop within the retina, along with a single type of glial cell ( Rodieck 1998 ). These cells are readily distinguished from one another by morpholog... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC439783.xml |
524507 | Classification between normal and tumor tissues based on the pair-wise gene expression ratio | Background Precise classification of cancer types is critically important for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Numerous efforts have been made to use gene expression profiles to improve precision of tumor classification. However, reliable cancer-related signals are generally lacking. Method Using recent datasets o... | Background Tumor development is a process in which gene expression is modified, causing abnormal cell behaviour [ 1 ]. Many techniques have been developed to identify abnormalities of gene expression, as reflected by abundance of mRNA transcripts between normal and tumor. The completion of the Human Genome Project and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524507.xml |
549072 | Remembering George L. Wied, M.D., February 7, 1921-July 25, 2004 | A personal tribute to George L. Wied, M.D., a founder of the medical subspecialty, cytopathology, who died July 25, 2004. | Tribute I arrived in Chicago last November for the ASC meeting, and reflexively reached for the phone to let Dr. Wied know that I had arrived, just as I had for each of countless trips to Chicago over the past 25 years. Then I remembered that he was no longer here, having passed away in Salzburg, Austria, on July 25th.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549072.xml |
516238 | We still fail to account for Mendel's observations | Background The present article corrects common textbook accounts of Mendel's experiments by re-establishing what he wrote and how he accounted for his observations. It notes the long-established tests for the validity of any explanations that purport to explain observations obtained by experiment. Application of these ... | 1. Background We all talk, more or less knowingly, about Mendelian genetics. But four questions need to be asked and answered. 1. Do we understand Mendel's work? To judge from nearly all modern accounts of genetics, we do not. Mendel's paper of 1866 has been persistently misrepresented ever since it was rescued from ob... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516238.xml |
554989 | Automated migration analysis based on cell texture: method & reliability | Background In this paper, we present and validate a way to measure automatically the extent of cell migration based on automated examination of a series of digital photographs. It was designed specifically to identify the impact of Second Hand Smoke (SHS) on endothelial cell migration but has broader applications. The ... | Background The images we deal with are images of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells migrate to sites of injury in the body. They are involved in forming new blood vessels to help repair damaged areas [ 1 , 2 ]. In particular, we are interested in the effects of SHS on endothelial migration. By comparing automated mig... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554989.xml |
551601 | Two-part permutation tests for DNA methylation and microarray data | Background One important application of microarray experiments is to identify differentially expressed genes. Often, small and negative expression levels were clipped-off to be equal to an arbitrarily chosen cutoff value before a statistical test is carried out. Then, there are two types of data: truncated values and o... | Background The addition of a methyl group at the carbon-5 position of cytosine is a modification of DNA called DNA methylation. In mammalian cells, DNA methylation is essential for proper development [ 1 ]. The methylation patterns of tumor cells are altered compared to those of normal cells, moreover, there are also d... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551601.xml |
552334 | Anal screening cytology | This issue of CytoJournal contains an article on screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in high-risk male patients. This accompanying Editorial focuses on current understanding of this relatively new disease entity, with insights as to the potential role of screening cytopathology in the epidemiology, pathophysio... | Note For corresponding research article please see Arian et al, 2005 [ 15 ] The subject of anal screening cytology has entered the epidemiologic and cytopathologic literature as a topic of interest over the last decade, and is highlighted in this issue of CytoJournal in an article by Arain and colleagues. Until recentl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552334.xml |
552308 | Quality of life in patients with personality disorders seen at an ordinary psychiatric outpatient clinic | Background Epidemiological studies have found reduced health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with personality disorders (PDs), but few clinical studies have examined QoL in PDs, and none of them are from an ordinary psychiatric outpatient clinic (POC). We wanted to examine QoL in patients with PDs seen at a P... | Background According to the DSM-IV [ 1 ] personality disorders (PDs) are characterized by enduringly deviating patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. Such patterns lead to "clinically significant distress or... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552308.xml |
553994 | Mutational study of sapovirus expression in insect cells | Human sapovirus (SaV), an agent of human gastroenteritis, cannot be grown in cell culture, but expression of the recombinant capsid protein (rVP1) in a baculovirus expression system results in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). In this study we compared the time-course expression of two different SaV rVP1 co... | Introduction The family Caliciviridae is made up of four genera, Sapovirus , Norovirus , Lagovirus , and Vesivirus , which contain sapovirus (SaV), norovirus (NoV), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, and feline calicivirus strains, respectively. Human SaV and NoV strains are agents of gastroenteritis. The prototype stra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553994.xml |
545648 | Observed intra-cluster correlation coefficients in a cluster survey sample of patient encounters in general practice in Australia | Background Cluster sample study designs are cost effective, however cluster samples violate the simple random sample assumption of independence of observations. Failure to account for the intra-cluster correlation of observations when sampling through clusters may lead to an under-powered study. Researchers therefore n... | Background Cluster sample study designs are a cost-effective way of sampling difficult to reach populations. Examples include sampling schools to obtain cluster samples of students or medical practitioners to sample patients[ 1 ]. Cluster samples violate the simple random sample assumption of independence of observatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545648.xml |
553980 | The Arabidopsis Mei2 homologue AML1 binds AtRaptor1B, the plant homologue of a major regulator of eukaryotic cell growth | Background TOR, the t arget o f the antibiotic r apamycin in both yeast and mammalian cells, is a potent cell growth regulator in all eukaryotes. It acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited to it by the binding partner Raptor. In Arabidopsis, Raptor activity is essential for postembry... | Background TOR, the t arget o f the antibiotic r apamycin in both yeast and mammalian cells, is a major regulator of cell growth and translation [ 1 ]. TOR is a large (over 2,400 residues) protein kinase [ 2 ] present in all eukaryotes analyzed. It is thought to act in a nutrient-sensitive complex TORC1 with Raptor ( r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553980.xml |
552335 | Advances in wearable technology and applications in physical medicine and rehabilitation | The development of miniature sensors that can be unobtrusively attached to the body or can be part of clothing items, such as sensing elements embedded in the fabric of garments, have opened countless possibilities of monitoring patients in the field over extended periods of time. This is of particular relevance to the... | The potential impact of wearable technology on physical medicine and rehabilitation Understanding the impact of clinical interventions on the real life of individuals is an essential component of physical medicine and rehabilitation. While assessments performed in the clinical setting have value, it is difficult to per... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552335.xml |
553995 | Does angiotensin-1 converting enzyme genotype influence motor or cognitive development after pre-term birth? | Background Raised activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may both amplify inflammatory and free radical responses and decrease tissue metabolic efficiency and thus enhance cerebral injury in the preterm infant. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) DD genotype is associated with raised ACE and RAS activity as... | Background Delight over recent survival gains for the very premature infant has been tempered by the frequent presence of cerebral injury and developmental impairment. One quarter of those born before 26 weeks postmenstrual age (at least 11 weeks premature) show evidence of severe cerebral injury including cognitive dy... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553995.xml |
544543 | Unexpressed but Indispensable—The DNA Sequences That Control Development | null | Amidst the hoopla over the exact number of genes we have in our genome—more than a fruitfly, fewer than a rice plant—a more fundamental genetic truth has often been obscured. The expression of 20,000–30,000 genes is under the control of an uncounted host of non-coding sequences, which bind transcription factors and the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544543.xml |
544542 | Neuronal Encoding of Texture in the Whisker Sensory Pathway | A major challenge of sensory systems neuroscience is to quantify brain activity underlying perceptual experiences and to explain this activity as the outcome of elemental neuronal response properties. Rats make extremely fine discriminations of texture by “whisking” their vibrissae across an object's surface, yet the n... | Introduction One goal of sensory systems neuroscience is to understand how the representations of complex, natural stimuli arise from the basic response properties of neurons. The present experiments explore the representation of textures in the rat somatosensory system. Rats have texture discrimination capacities riva... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544542.xml |
552321 | Malaria and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa | There are already 40 cities in Africa with over 1 million inhabitants and the United Nations Environmental Programme estimates that by 2025 over 800 million people will live in urban areas. Recognizing that malaria control can improve the health of the vulnerable and remove a major obstacle to their economic developmen... | Introduction Africa's population will almost triple by the year 2050. This expansion will occur primarily in urban areas and by 2025, 800 million people will live in urban communities. Especially affected will be West Africa, where the urban population annual growth rate of 6.3% is more than twice the rate of the total... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552321.xml |
544557 | Identification of α-type subunits of the Xenopus 20S proteasome and analysis of their changes during the meiotic cell cycle | Background The 26S proteasome is the proteolytic machinery of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system responsible for most of the regulated intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Previously, we demonstrated meiotic cell cycle dependent phosphorylation of α4 subunit of the 26S proteasome. In this stud... | Background Eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human, contain large nonlysosomal proteases called proteasomes [ 1 ]. The 26S proteasome is part of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system, which regulates proteins through a mechanism of selective degradation [ 2 - 4 ]. The 26S proteasome is composed of a 20S proteasome a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544557.xml |
552320 | Cancer/testis antigens and gametogenesis: a review and "brain-storming" session | Genes expressed both in normal testis and in malignancies (Cancer/ Testis associated genes – CTA) have become the most extensively studied antigen group in the field of tumour immunology. Despite this, many fundamentally important questions remain unanswered: what is the connection between germ-cell specific genes and ... | Introduction Cancer/Testis (CT) antigens are a group of tumour antigens with gene expression restricted to male germ cells in the testis and to various malignancies. Their function in tumours is enigmatic and a common between testis genes (gametogenesis) and cancer remains elusive. When the causal link is not evident, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552320.xml |
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