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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/3660/derivation-of-formula-for-portfolio-skewness-and-kurtosis/3662
# derivation of formula for portfolio skewness and kurtosis Where can I find derivation of formula for portfolio skewness and kurtosis? I can find formulas everywhere, but not their derivations? For example, the portfolio variance formula is well known and I can find the derivation of that formula in a lot of books, b...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/26695?sort=newest
## Slick verification of the model category axioms for Spaces and SSets with the q-model structure? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) We choose our category of spaces to be compactly generated weak Hausdorff spaces for convenience, denoted $CGWH$...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/252684/integration-with-trig-function/252685
# integration with trig function I am trying to do some practice problem to which there aren't any posted solutions and since I am stuck I thought I should ask for help. $$\iint_R\cos\left(\frac\pi 2x^2\right)\,dx\,dy,$$ where $R$ is the triangle enclosed by the line $y=x$, the vertical line $x=1$ and the $x$-axis. ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/143031-gamma-function-residue.html
# Thread: 1. ## Gamma function, residue Show that for $m \geq 0$, the residue of $\Gamma(z)$ at $z = -m$ is $\frac{(-1)^m}{m!}$. $\Gamma(z)$ is the gamma function. The gamma function is meromorphic. It is defined in the right half-plane by $\Gamma(z)= \int_0^{\infty} e^{-t}t^{z-1}dt$ for $\text{Re}(z)>0$. There is a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/136036-modular-arithmetic.html
# Thread: 1. ## Modular Arithmetic I'm having a hard time understanding modular numbers and aritmetic. If I have $r=a(\mod P)$, then $r-a=bP$ where $b$ is an integer. So if I want to find 23 in $\mod 12$, I write $r=23(\mod 12)$ which should turn out to be 11 right? So 23 is equal to 11 in $\mod 12$. So if I want t...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/09/02/bounded-linear-transformations/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=5d5a17dad5
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Bounded Linear Transformations In the context of normed vector spaces we have a topology on our spaces and so it makes sense to ask that maps $f:V\to W$ between them be continuous. In the finite-dimensional case, all linear functions are continuous, so this hasn’t really come up be...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/22462/what-are-some-examples-of-interesting-uses-of-the-theory-of-combinatorial-species/22564
## What are some examples of interesting uses of the theory of combinatorial species? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) This is a question I've asked myself a couple of times before, but its appearance on MO is somewhat motivated by this thread, ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes
# Black–Scholes The Black–Scholes model [1] or Black–Scholes–Merton is a mathematical model of a financial market containing certain derivative investment instruments. From the model, one can deduce the Black–Scholes formula, which gives the price of European-style options. The formula led to a boom in options trading...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-software/115790-please-help-me-construct-graph.html
# Thread: 1. ## Please help me construct a graph... I have no experience with this sort of problem. I've only ever made simple graphs before. This one requires special computer software. For now, the problem is simple... I have derived a formula for a simple model of a star: $P=P_0 (r/r_0)^a$ ; $T=T_0 (r/r_0)^b$ ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/172484-find-equation-level-surface-through-1-2-1-a.html
# Thread: 1. ## Find the equation of the level surface through (-1,2-1) Hi, The question is: Find the eq. of the level surface through point p= (1,2,-1) and find the eq of the straight line in R3 which is normal to this surface at p Is finding the equation of the level surface to f(x,y,z) = x^2 - y^2 + z^2 at point...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/76807/structure-of-k-as-kx-module?answertab=oldest
# Structure of $k$ as $k[X]$-module Let $k$ be a field. There are several ways to make $k$ into a $k[X]$-module; for example, by fixing $\alpha \in k$ and taking $P(X) \cdot t := P(\alpha)t$ for all $t \in k$. Are there other obvious ways to make $k$ into a $k[X]$-module? Can we actually give a nice descriptions of al...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/64750/tangent-and-cotangent-bundle/64766
## tangent and cotangent bundle ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi, I am reading "Introduction to symplectic topology" by McDuff and salamon. At some point I cant go further. My question is: Let $(M,g)$ be a Riemannian manifold and consider the...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/16339/force-as-gradient-of-scalar-potential-energy
# Force as gradient of scalar potential energy My text book reads If a particle is acted upon by the forces which are conservative; that is, if the forces are derivable from a scalar potential energy function in manner $F=-\nabla V$. I was just wondering what may be the criteria for force to be expressed as negative...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/7902/matrix-multiplication-in-block-form-symbolic-calculation-by-mathematica
# Matrix multiplication in Block Form symbolic calculation by Mathematica I have a problem which requires taking product of two $10\times10$ matrices. I would like to do it by considering both matrices as $5\times5$ matrices such that each entry of both matrices is actually a $2\times2$ matrix; moreover, there are var...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/21710/how-does-such-strange-microscopic-behavior-at-the-atomic-level-quantum-mechanic/21713
How does such strange microscopic behavior at the atomic level (quantum mechanics) lead to the macroscopic behavior at our level? So, I'm only a high school student researching quantum physics, and I find it very interesting. However, there's one question that keeps nagging at me in the back of my head. How exactly do...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/125217/group-theory-isomorphism-g-10-and-mathbbz-10?answertab=oldest
# Group Theory Isomorphism $|G|=10$ and $\mathbb{Z}_{10}$ I think I just didn't get the core of group theory. Although it makes sense to me to follow the regular steps to solve problems of group theory. For example, a group of order $10$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_{10}$. To prove this, the standard solution suggests...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/121965-distinct-equivalent-classes-null-set.html
# Thread: 1. ## Distinct equivalent classes the null set Let R be an equivalence relation on a set S. Let E and F be two distinct equivalence classes of R. Prove that E and F = null set. Do i show that itys transitive im a bit stuck. Help much appreciated thanks. 2. Originally Posted by adam_leeds Let R be an equiv...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/769/exhibit-an-explicit-bijection-between-irreducible-polynomials-over-finite-fields/1800
## Exhibit an explicit bijection between irreducible polynomials over finite fields and Lyndon words. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $q$ be a power of a prime. It's well-known that the function $B(n, q) = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{d | n} \mu \left...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/stokes-theorem-proof-part-1/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=bcc517a348
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Stokes’ Theorem (proof part 1) We turn now to the proof of Stokes’ theorem. $\displaystyle\int\limits_cd\omega=\int\limits_{\partial c}\omega$ We start by considering the case where $c$ is the standard cube $[0,1]^k\subseteq\mathbb{R}^k$. Whipping out the definition of the bounda...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/102736/gauss-type-sums-for-cube-roots-of-primes?answertab=oldest
# Gauss-type sums for cube roots of primes (Quadratic) Gauss sums express square root of any integer as a sum of roots of unity (or of cosines of rational multiples of $2\pi$, if you will) with rational coefficients. But Kronecker-Weber guarantees that any root of any integer can be expressed as a sum of that kind. W...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/104104-solved-trig-functions-exponents-trig-functions-tring-stunt-variables.html
# Thread: 1. ## [SOLVED] Trig functions, exponents of trig functions, and tring stunt variables Here I go... What's the difference between sin^2(x), (sinx)^2 and sin(x)^2 What does it mean when the 2 is in each one of these positions? Is this right? sinx * sinx = (sinx)^2? or is it sin^2x? Why is it that we can si...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/122098-linear-functionals.html
# Thread: 1. ## Linear functionals Let V be a finite dimensional vector space over field F and let v belong to V,v not equal to 0.Then there exists some f in V* such that f(v) is not equal to 0. (where V* is dual space of V) 2. Originally Posted by math.dj Let V be a finite dimensional vector space over field F and ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/216858/positive-operator-is-bounded
# Positive operator is bounded For a real Banach space $X$ let $A:X\rightarrow X^*$ be a positive operator in the sense that $(Ax)(x)\geq 0$ for all $x\in X$. Show that $A$ is bounded. I don't know how to do that, maybe it's an application of the closed graph theorem? - ## 1 Answer It's indeed an application of cl...
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http://cms.math.ca/cjm/onlinefirst/
Canadian Mathematical Society www.cms.math.ca | | | | | |----------|----|-----------|----| | | | | | | | | Site map | | | CMS store | | location:  Publications → journals → CJM Online First The following papers are the latest research papers available from t...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/51444/block-on-a-block-problem-with-friction?answertab=oldest
# Block on a block problem, with friction Consider two blocks, one on top of the other on a frictionless table, with masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ respectively. There is appreciable friction between the blocks, with coefficients $\mu_s$ and $\mu_k$ for static and kinetic respectively. I'm considering the fairly routine probl...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4206096
Physics Forums ## How are the gravitational and electric force comparable? I hear all the time how the electric force is so much stronger than gravity. I understand both forces are inversely proportional to the distances squared, and that the gravitational constant is roughly 10^20 times greater than the coulomb con...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/26001/are-the-rationals-homeomorphic-to-any-power-of-the-rationals
## Are the rationals homeomorphic to any power of the rationals ? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I asked myself, which spaces have the property that $X^2$ is homeomorphic to $X$. I started to look at some examples like $\mathbb{N}^2 \cong \mat...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/6086/how-does-this-thought-experiment-not-rule-out-black-holes/6327
# How does this thought experiment not rule out black holes? How does the following brief thought experiment fail to show that general relativity (GR) has a major problem in regards to black holes? The full thought experiment is in my blog post. The post claims that GR violates its own equivalence principle at the ho...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-math-topics/163519-applying-eulers-formula-polyhedron-g-print.html
# Applying Euler's Formula to polyhedron G Printable View • November 16th 2010, 09:56 PM MacstersUndead Applying Euler's Formula to polyhedron G Let G be a polyhedron (or polyhedral graph), each of whose faces is bounded by a pentagon or a hexagon (i) Use Euler's formula to show that G must have at least 12 pentagon...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/234235/maybe-things-can-be-divided-by-zero/234462
# Maybe Things Can be Divided by Zero In the equation: $$\frac{z^2-1}{z-1}$$ $z$ can not be equal to $1$. However $$\begin{align} \frac{z^2-1}{z-1}&=\frac{(z-1)(z+1)}{z-1}\\ &=(z+1) \end{align}$$ So then if $z$ is equal to $1$ we have $$\frac{z^2-1}{z-1}=2$$ Can someone explain that please? - 2 You have just solved...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/67123/representation-of-integers-as-the-product-of-linear-forms-in-three-variables
## representation of integers as the product of linear forms in three variables ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I would like to find all integer triples (x,y,z) such that: $\prod_{\theta}(x + y \theta + z \theta^2)=1$, where $\theta$ runs throu...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/experimental-physics+gravity
# Tagged Questions 3answers 338 views ### How to measure force of impact inside container? I am in 7th grade and for my science fair project, I need a way to measure the force on a dropped object when it hits the ground. What I am trying to determine is which packing materials provide the ... 2answers 178 views ###...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/38730/transmission-of-gaussian-beam-through-graded-index-slab?answertab=oldest
# Transmission of Gaussian Beam Through Graded-Index Slab The $ABCD$ matrix of a glass graded-index slab with refractive index $n(y)=n_0(1-\frac{1}{2}\alpha^{2}y^{2})$ and length $d$ is $A=\cos(\alpha d)$, $B=\frac{1}{\alpha}\sin(\alpha d)$, $C=-\alpha \sin(\alpha d)$, $D=\cos(\alpha d)$ for paraxial rays along the z ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/223129/show-there-is-no-measure-on-mathbbn-such-that-mu-0-k-2k-ldots-frac?answertab=votes
Show there is no measure on $\mathbb{N}$ such that $\mu(\{0,k,2k,\ldots\})=\frac{1}{k}$ for all $k\ge 1$ For $k\ge1$, let $A_k=\{0,k,2k,\ldots\}.$ Show that there is no measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb{N}$ satisfying $\mu(A_k)=\frac{1}{k}$ for all $k\ge1$. What I have done so far: I am trying to apply Borel-Cantelli lemma (...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/178949-if-f-holder-continuous-1-then-f-constant.html
# Thread: 1. ## If f is holder continuous with a > 1, then f is constant? Hello I'm trying to prove that if f satisfies the holder condition, i.e. there exists a constan K such that for all x,y in R : |f(x) - f(y)| <= K(|x - y|^a) and a > 1 then f is a constant function. I assume that the right direction is proving...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/111371/dual-space-is-a-vector-space?answertab=votes
# dual space is a vector space I was wondering if some one could please shed some light on why or how a dual space itself becomes a vector space over the Field. The "Finite Dimensional Vector spaces" book by Paul Halmos states."To every vector space V we make correspond the dual space V' consisting of all the linear f...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/58711/spherical-transforms-and-rotations
## Spherical transforms and rotations ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Consider a function $f$ on $S^2,$ and its spherical transform $\hat{f}.$ Let $r$ be a rotation by some $\rho \in SO(3).$ Is there some nice formula for $\widehat{f \circ r}?$...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/classical-physics%20lagrangian-formalism
# Tagged Questions 1answer 134 views ### Generalized momentum conjugate and potential $U(q, \dot q)$ On Goldstein's "Classical Mechanics" (first ed.), I have read that if $q_j$ is a cyclic coordinate, its generalized momentum conjugate $p_j$ is costant. He obtained that starting from Lagrange's ... 2answers 206 view...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/3592/zero-knowledge-auth-schemes-with-weak-secret
# Zero Knowledge auth schemes with weak secret In Zero Knowledge auth schemes the public DH factor of each peer is encrypted with a potentially weak pre-shared secret and the resulting ciphertexts are exchanged over an insecure channel. Why is no attack on the weak secret possible? I mean the messages can be sniffed ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/841/integral-via-complex-analysis-integral-via-hypercomplex-analysis
# Integral via complex analysis. Integral via hypercomplex analysis If I remember rightly there are some integrals of real functions which are easier to compute by using complex analysis. Is this because of properties of the particular function or because of a lack of a known real analysis technique? Are there funct...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-math-topics/1837-making-me-go-1n54n3.html
# Thread: 1. ## This is making me go 1N54N3!! I already asked the following 2 question but they were not answer thus I shall ask them again. 1)Are the cardinal numbers countable? 2)Are the cadinal numbers dense; meaning, for $\aleph_n<\aleph_m$ there exists a $\aleph_p$ such as $\aleph_n<\aleph_p<\aleph_m$. For exa...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/34947/does-the-uncertainty-principle-apply-to-photons
# Does the uncertainty principle apply to photons? Wikipedia claims the following: More generally, the normal concept of a Schrödinger probability wave function cannot be applied to photons. Being massless, they cannot be localized without being destroyed; technically, photons cannot have a position eigenstate and, t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/4427/what-is-the-conceptual-significance-of-supercommutativity/4466
## What is the conceptual significance of supercommutativity? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) A $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-graded algebra is said to supercommute if $xy = (-1)^{|x| |y|} yx$; in other words, odd elements anticommute. Why is this t...
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http://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Gradient-based_methods&diff=12595&oldid=12594
[Sponsors] Home > Wiki > Gradient-based methods # Gradient-based methods ### From CFD-Wiki (Difference between revisions) | | ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/103144-another-problem-related-random-walk.html
# Thread: 1. ## Another problem related to random walk... Let ${X_n}$ be a symmetric simple random walk. What is $P(X_7+X_{12} = X_1 + X_{16}$? I tried to start this problem by setting a new variable $X_{7+X_{12}}$ and transfer the problem into the probability that two X equal but that lead no where. Is there any p...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/249076/vector-space-or-not/249081
# Vector Space or Not? I have a question. Suppose that $V$ is a set of all real valued functions that attain its relative maximum or relative minimum at $x=0$. Is V a vector space under the usual operations of addition and scalar multiplications? My guess is it is not a vector space, but I can't able to give a counter...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/24552/how-do-kinetic-energy-and-linear-momentum-relate?answertab=votes
# How do kinetic energy and linear momentum relate? It took me quite a long time to click my gears in place and even then I'm not sure it's completely correct. The problem is that I need to understand these concepts (physics concepts; not just these two) with intuition, not only mathematical representations. So $(E_k...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/121852-sampling-replacement-standard-deviation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Sampling with replacement - standard deviation Can anyone help me with this problem? Suppose there are N balls in total. At each sampling, a ball is randomly taken out, marked with a mark, and put back to the samples. If a ball is taken out for a second time during a sampling, just put back without d...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4131/comparing-model-fits-across-a-set-of-nonlinear-regression-models
Comparing model fits across a set of nonlinear regression models CONTEXT: I am modelling the relation between time (1 to 30) and a DV for a set of 60 participants. Each participant has their own time series. For each participant I am examining the fit of 5 different theoretically plausible functions within a nonlinear...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/212952-limit-indeterminate-format-0-infinity.html
2Thanks • 1 Post By HallsofIvy • 1 Post By ILikeSerena # Thread: 1. ## Limit of indeterminate in format 0^infinity. Hi everyone, we are asked to evaluate $\lim _{x \to 0^+}\(ln(x+1))^{1/x}$. Now what I did is I set $y=(ln(x+1))^{1/x}$ then took the natural log of both sides to bring down the exponent 1/x: $<br /> \l...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4219653
Physics Forums Page 2 of 2 < 1 2 Recognitions: Science Advisor ## Atomic Excitation transition energy Quote by Sekonda Upon using more accurate values I attain $$n-\delta_{i}=8.33$$ Then you are still not using values which are accurate enough. Using the values given in the exercise I get $$n-...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/1906/kubo-formula-for-quantum-hall-effect
Kubo Formula for Quantum Hall Effect I'm trying to understand the Kubo Formula for the electrical conductivity in the context of the Quantum Hall Effect. My problem is that several papers, for instance the famous TKNN (1982) paper, or an elaboration by Kohmoto (1984), write the diagonal entries of the conductivity te...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/29902/why-is-the-center-of-mass-of-2-bodies-at-the-focus-of-their-elliptical-orbits?answertab=oldest
Why is the center-of-mass of 2 bodies at the focus of their elliptical orbits? Why is the center-of-mass of 2 bodies (which interact only via Newtonian gravity) located at a focus of each of the elliptical orbits? I know that when there are no external forces, the center of mass moves at a constant speed, but that do...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/32383/schrodinger-equation-from-klein-gordon
# Schrodinger equation from Klein-Gordon? One can view QM as a 1+0 dimensional QFT, fields are only depending on time and so are only called operators, and I know a way to derive Schrodinger's equation from Klein-Gordon's one. Assuming a field $\Phi$ with a low energy $E \approx m$ with m the mass of the particle, by...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/54342/historic-derivation-of-wiens-law
# Historic derivation of Wien's law Every book I've read, including a lot of websites, Wikipedia, etc, say that Wien derived this: $$\rho_\nu(T)=\rho(\nu,T)=\nu^3f\left(\frac{\nu}{T}\right)$$ Being $\rho_v(T)$ the spectral enegy density of a black body for a given temperature and electromagnetic wave frequency. And ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/93002?sort=newest
## Finite sums of prime numbers $\geq x$ ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $S_x$ be the set of finite sums of prime numbers $\geq x$. In other words, let $S_x$ be the submonoid of `$(\mathbf{Z}_{\geq 0},+)$` generated by the set $\mathcal{P}_...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/28194/how-to-show-that-all-dfa-is-in-p/28203
# How to show that $ALL_{DFA}$ is in P How can I show that $ALL_{DFA}$ is in P ? $ALL_{DFA} = \{ \langle A \rangle \mid A \text{ is a DFA and } L(A) = \Sigma^* \}$ - What is $ALL$? (presumably $DFA$ is determinsitic finite automaton). And then what is their relation in $ALL_{DFA}$? – Mitch Mar 20 '11 at 22:51 @Mitc...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/110414/methods-for-proving-non-fo-definability
Methods for proving non FO definability Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm having difficulties to prove that the subset of even numbers is not first-order definable in $(\mathbb{N},<)$. Any hint is welcomed! More generally, what are usual techniq...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/178660-matrix-operation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Matrix operation Determine A^18 dont know what to do besides to just count. But i had a similar question before where i could se it was a rotation matrix and then it was easy. Is there an easy way for this one to? Thanks! 2. Decompose $A=2I+N$ and apply the Newton's binomial theorem. The matrix N...
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http://gilkalai.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/the-polynomial-hirsch-conjecture-discussion-thread-continued/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=8ac41143de
Gil Kalai’s blog ## The Polynomial Hirsch Conjecture: Discussion Thread, Continued Posted on October 6, 2009 by Here is a  link for the just-posted paper Diameter of Polyhedra: The Limits of Abstraction by Freidrich Eisenbrand, Nicolai Hahnle,  Sasha Razborov, and Thomas Rothvoss. And here is a link to the paper  b...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/727/algebraic-group-g-vs-algebraic-stack-bg/746
## algebraic group G vs. algebraic stack BG ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I've gathered that it's "common knowledge" (at least among people who think about such things) that studying a (smooth) algebraic group G, as an algebraic group, is in ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/172235-mixed-partial-derivatives.html
# Thread: 1. ## Mixed Partial Derivatives Solve the equation u_xx - 3u_xt - 4u_tt = 0 subject to the initial conditions u(x,0) = x^2 and u_t(x,t) = e^x. Hint: consider a change of coordinates. Having spent a large amount of time getting wrong solutions to the above question, any help that can be offered would be ve...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling
# Quantum tunnelling From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Quantum mechanics Introduction Glossary · History Background Fundamental concepts Experiments Formulations Equations Interpretations Advanced topics Scientists Quantum tunnelling refers to the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler_orbit
# Kepler orbit A diagram of the various forms of the Kepler Orbit and their eccentricities. Blue is a hyperbolic trajectory (e > 1). Green is a parabolic trajectory (e = 1). Red is an elliptical orbit (e < 1). Grey is a circular orbit (e = 0). For further closely relevant mathematical developments see also Two-body pr...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/259025/computing-fourier-series
# Computing Fourier Series $$f(x)=\sin|x|$$ Is it possible to compute the Fourier Series of $f(x)$? It seems that it would admit a Fourier cosine representation because it is even (by looking at the graph), but the periodicity is a little strange. Is this even possible? - – Amzoti Dec 15 '12 at 1:36 On what interva...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/141130-analytic-pointset-baire-space.html
# Thread: 1. ## analytic pointset, Baire space Prove that the inverse image $g^{-1}[A]$ of an analytic pointset $A$ by a continuous function $g : \mathcal{N} \rightarrow \mathcal{N}$ is analytic. Hint. Aim for an equivalence of the form $y \in g^{-1}[A] \text{ } \Leftrightarrow \text{ }(\exists x) \text{ } [y=f(\rho...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/24681/what-is-the-decision-theoretic-justification-for-bayesian-credible-interval-proc
# What is the decision-theoretic justification for Bayesian credible interval procedures? (To see why I wrote this, check the comments below my answer to this question.) ## Type III errors and statistical decision theory Giving the right answer to the wrong question is sometimes called a Type III error. Statistical ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/77769-projectile.html
# Thread: 1. ## projectile a projectile is shot upwards with an initial velocity of $30m/s$ , its height at time t is given by $h=30t-4.9t^2$, during what period of time is the projectile more then $40m$ above the ground? express your answer rounded to the nearest hundredths my thinking: $40=30t-4.9t^2$ but can't go...
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http://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/3528/algorithms-for-large-sparse-integer-matrices
# Algorithms for Large Sparse Integer Matrices I'm looking for a library that performs matrix operations on large sparse matrices w/o sacrificing numerical stability. Matrices will be 1000+ by 1000+ and values of the matrix will be between 0 and 1000. I will be performing the index calculus algorithm so I will be gene...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/98859-combination.html
# Thread: 1. ## combination "A question paper is divided into two groups, each containing 5 questions. A candidate is required to solve 6 questions in all but he is not permitted to attempt more than 4 questions from each group. Find the number of ways in which the candidate can select the question." I thought he co...
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http://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Atomic_mass.html
My watch list my.chemeurope.com my.chemeurope.com With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. • My watch list • My saved searches • My saved topics • My newsletter Login Login Forgot your password? Cookies deactiva...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/55889/list
## Return to Answer 6 explicit diagonalization This can be arranged as follows. Let `$Q_i=V\vartriangle M$` be given, where $V$ is open and $M$ is meagremeager. If `$I_{i-1}\cap V\ne\varnothing$`, A choses chooses $A_i=Q_i$, otherwise $A_i=Q_i^c$ (note that in the latter case, we will have `$I_{i-1}\subseteq U_i$`). ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/2790-linear-problems.html
# Thread: 1. ## Linear problems 1. Solve for (x,y,z) 2x + 5y + 3z = 16 x/5 + y/2 + z/3 = 2 3x - 2y - 4z = -2 State clearly whether this system is consistent or inconsistent. State whether the solution is unique, or if there are an infinite number of solutions, or no solution at all. If the solution is unique, state ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/193820/inequality-fracab-sqrtab2c2-fracbc-sqrtbc2a2-fracca-sqrt?answertab=votes
# Inequality.$\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a^2}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b^2}} \geq \sqrt{ab+bc+ca}$ Let $a,b,c > 0$. Prove that (using Hölder's inequality): $$\frac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a^2}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{ca+2b^2}} \geq \sqrt{ab+bc+ca}.$$ Thanks :) I tried to apply Hölder's inequ...
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http://topologicalmusings.wordpress.com/2008/02/04/a-few-useful-identities-related-to-indefinite-integrals-part-4/
Todd and Vishal’s blog Topological Musings # A few useful identities related to (in)definite integrals (part 4) February 4, 2008 in Problem Corner | Tags: definite integrals, identities, indefinite integrals, integration bee Okay, I thought earlier that part 3 of the above series of posts would be my last one. For ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/symmetry-breaking
# Tagged Questions The symmetry-breaking tag has no wiki summary. 2answers 83 views ### The status of $SU(3)_C$ symmetry in the Standard Model In the Standard Model of Particle physics the $SU(2)_{EW}$ symmetry and the $SU(2)$ isospin symmetry are broken. What about $SU(3)_C$? Is it broken too? if YES, what breaks ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/100871/list
## Return to Answer 3 fixed a couple of typos Isn't it the case that, if $C$ and $D$ are equivalent categories and if, in both of these categories, each object is isomorphic to a proper class of other objects, then $C$ and $D$ are isomorphic (assuming global choice)? So, for example, the category of non-trivial commu...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/11673/ex-1-x-1-x-2-for-independent-gamma-random-variables/12018
# $E(X_1 | X_1 + X_2)$ for independent gamma random variables The following result must be well known, but it is instructive to give it here in view of the recent posts Y= X+N what is E(X|Y=y) and http://mathoverflow.net/questions/47168/ex-1-x-1-x-2-where-x-i-are-integrable-independent-infinitely-divisib/47204#47204. ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/ideal-gas+energy
# Tagged Questions 3answers 184 views ### Understanding mathematically the free expansion process of an ideal gas I'm trying to understand mathematically that for the free expansion of an ideal gas the internal energy $E$ just depends on temperature $T$ and not volume $V$. In the free expansion process the ... 3answ...
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http://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Structured_mesh_generation&diff=13679&oldid=13669
[Sponsors] Home > Wiki > Structured mesh generation # Structured mesh generation ### From CFD-Wiki (Difference between revisions) Peter (Talk | contribs) m (Reverted edits by Reverse22 (talk) to last revision by Jasond) Line 87: ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/black-holes?page=4&sort=votes&pagesize=50
# Tagged Questions A black hole is a volume from which photons, or any matter, can not escape. More formally, the coordinate speed of light at the event horizon - the boundary of a black hole - is zero, as measured by a sufficiently separated observer. 1answer 157 views ### Are “typical” black holes rotating, or sta...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=3826286
Physics Forums Thread Closed Page 3 of 4 < 1 2 3 4 > Blog Entries: 1 ## How to solve the Liar Paradox Quote by sigurdW I think i do...But im not infallible. So far my reaction is superficial like: H is not really a game since it takes an infinity to get it started... I mean its not well ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/102402-graphing-trigonometric-functions.html
# Thread: 1. ## Graphing trigonometric functions Okay, so my book spends a whole lot of paper and ink talking about these, but it never goes and explicitly breaks down what's going on. What would help my understanding immensely is if someone took the following functions and broke down what each variable did on the g...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/188050-equation-tangent-line-inverse-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## Equation for tangent line of inverse function. Let f(x)=(x^4)+(x^3)+1 Let g(x) be the inverse of f(x) and define F(x)=f(2g(x)). Find an equation for the tangent line to y=F(x) at x=3. The answer the book gives is y=(88x-89)/7 I just have no clue how to get there! Please help! 2. ## Re: Equation for ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/38185/about-measurable-sets-and-intervals/38427
About measurable sets and intervals Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Given a Lebesgue measurable set A with strictly positive measure, can we find an open interval (a,b) such that x belongs to A for almost every x in (a,b)? Thanks in advance for an...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/108087-discrete-uniform-random-variable-2-a.html
# Thread: 1. ## Discrete Uniform Random Variable 2 I have the question: Explain why a discrete uniform random variable, X, on [a,b] has the same variance as a discrete uniform random variable, W, on [1,b-a+1]. Use this information to establish that ...I don't even know where to start so any help would be great che...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/lagrangian-formalism+terminology
# Tagged Questions 4answers 231 views ### What makes an equation an 'equation of motion'? Every now and then, I find myself reading papers/text talking about how this equation is a constraint but that equation is an equation of motion which satisfies this constraint. For example, in the ... 3answers 261 views ### W...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/96192-3-body-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## 3-body problem There are 3 masses with mass $m_1 m_2 m_3$ Assume that the mass of $m_1$ is very large ( like the Sun comparing to the Earth and Mars ) the position of it remains in the origin My question is what is the path of $m_2$ and $m_3$ ? Is the path also an ellipse ? 2. Originally Posted by s...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/79608/conjugation-stable-generating-sets-in-almost-simple-groups
## Conjugation stable generating sets in almost simple groups ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi everyone! Given a finite simple group $S$, is it always possible to find two elements $x,y \in S$ with the property that for every $a,b \in S$ we ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/36743?sort=votes
## solving series of linear systems with diagonal perturbations ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I would like to solve a series of linear systems Ax=b as quickly as quickly as possible. However, the systems are related. Specifically, each matrix...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/26352/pca-analysis-with-centered-variables
# PCA analysis with centered variables If I center my variables and then run a PCA analysis, do I need to interpret negative eigenvectors different than positive eigenvectors? - 2 What does it mean that a vector is negative? If $\mathbf{x}$ is an eigenvector of the matrix $\mathbf{A}$ then $\mathbf{Ax}=\lambda\mathb...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/58474/prove-convexity-concavity-of-a-complicated-function?answertab=votes
# Prove convexity/concavity of a complicated function Can anyone help me to prove the convexity/concavity of following complicated function...? I have tried a lot of methods (definition, 1st derivative etc.), but this function is so complicated, and I finally couldn't prove... however, I plotted with many different pa...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/38351/list
## Return to Question 2 Clarification and addition of hypotheses # Are half-transitivevertexandedge-transitive graphs determined by their spectrum? A graph is called half-transitive vertex and edge transitive if the automorphism group is transitive on both vertices and edges. The spectrum of a graph is the collecti...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/17497-mathematical-induction-help.html
# Thread: 1. ## Mathematical Induction help Hi all, Im new to the forum and I am having difficulties understanding Inductions. I have these 2 examples from the textbook and they give me answers but I was wondering if anyone can help me through it. I keep staring at it and it just doesn't sink in. 1st problem: Prove...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/3173-binomial-hypothesis-tests-hard-one.html
# Thread: 1. ## binomial, hypothesis tests - hard one I'm really having trouble with this question and its pretty long too. If anyone can help me figure out the answers, i would really appreciate it. In a recent survey, 480 of 600 Canadians polled stated that they were dissatisfied with politicians. Of the remaining...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/68614/why-do-these-inequalities-in-metric-spaces-hold
# Why do these inequalities in metric spaces hold? The other day I stumbled across some inequalities regarding properties of metric spaces. I'm curious to see a proof of why it holds. Suppose $(X,\rho)$ is any metric space. For a given $\epsilon\gt 0$, I let $N(X,\epsilon)$ denote the least $n$ such that $X=\bigcup\l...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/53431/does-any-research-mathematics-involve-solving-functional-equations/53526
## Does any research mathematics involve solving functional equations? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) This is a somewhat frivolous question, so I won't mind if it gets closed. One of the categories of Olympiad-style problems (e.g. at the IMO) ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/57465/can-we-unify-addition-and-multiplication-into-one-binary-operation-to-what-exten/57489
## Can we unify addition and multiplication into one binary operation? To what extent can we find universal binary operations? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The question is the extent to which we can unify addition and multiplication, realizi...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/31725/what-does-matrix-multiplication-actually-mean?answertab=oldest
# What does matrix multiplication actually mean? If I multiply two numbers, say 3 and 5, I know it means add 3 to itself 5 times or add 5 to itself 3 times. But If I multiply two matrices, what does it mean ? I mean I can't think it in terms of repetitive addition. What is the intuitive way of thinking about multiplic...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/91803/definition-of-cw-complexes
## Definition of CW complexes ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In Spanier's Algebraic Topology, he defined CW complexes assumed an additional strange condition: the cell must have the coherent topology with the characteristic map and the inclusi...
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