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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/25875/is-this-quantification-correct/25877
# Is this quantification correct? Let $Q(x,y)$ be the statement $y = 2x +1$ what are the values of the following. The universe is $Z^+$ {1,2,3,....}. (a) $\forall x\exists y Q(x,y)$ This is true (b) $\exists x \forall y Q(x,y)$ This is false. - That's correct. – Myself Mar 9 '11 at 1:38 ## 1 Answer The first is ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/24777/dissipation-when-the-temperature-is-not-constant?answertab=votes
# Dissipation when the temperature is not constant Consider a process where some chemical species diffuses from one part of a system (which I'll call $A$) to another ($B$) at a rate $r$ $\text{mol}\cdot \mathrm s^{-1}$. If the system's temperature is constant and homogeneous, we say that energy is dissipated at a rate...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/89819/finding-purely-transcendental-parts-of-field-extensions
## Finding purely transcendental parts of field extensions ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) If we have a field $K$ such that $K\cong K(t)$ (i.e. it is isomorphic to the field you get if you adjoin one transcendental) then is there necessarily a ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/156341-unit-sphere-r-3-arcwise-connected.html
# Thread: 1. ## The unit sphere in R^3 is arcwise connected So I attempted to find the intersection of the unit sphere with a plane that contains any two arbitrary points $a, b$ on the sphere and the origin, but I only came up with a really convoluted expression that I am not even sure can be used to find a function ...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/2435/how-to-use-itos-formula-to-deduce-that-a-stochastic-process-is-a-martingale/2442
# How to use Itô's formula to deduce that a stochastic process is a martingale? I'm working through different books about financial mathematics and solving some problems I get stuck. Suppose you define an arbitrary stochastic process, for example $X_t := W_t^8-8t$ where $W_t$ is a Brownian motion. The question is, ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_(control_theory)
# Controller (control theory) In control theory, a controller is a device, possibly in the form of a chip, analogue electronics, or computer, which monitors and physically alters the operating conditions of a given dynamical system.[1]:p.21 ## Input and Control Variables A system can either be described as a MIMO sy...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/116658/how-to-work-rsa-encryption-decryption/116713
# How to work RSA encryption/decryption I need an array populated with characters and integer keys for each, and I want to, using this set, encode messages, and then decode them later on . Essentially I am trying to write RSA algorithm for this. However, the maths of it is what I am still kind of lost on. In order to ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/15371/understanding-time-is-time-simply-the-rate-change/32094
# understanding time: Is time simply the rate change? Is time simply the rate of change? If this is the case and time was created during the big bang would it be the case that the closer you get to the start of the big bang the "slower" things change until you essentially approach a static, unchanging entity at the b...
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http://physics.aps.org/articles/print/v5/47
# Viewpoint: Rethinking the Neutrino , Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139, USA Published April 23, 2012  |  Physics 5, 47 (2012)  |  DOI: 10.1103/Physics.5.47 The Daya Bay Collaboration in China has discovered an unexpectedly large neutrino oscill...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/distribution
# Tagged Questions The distribution tag has no wiki summary. 2answers 88 views ### Transformation to reduce standard deviation without changing median Consider some negative skew and high kurtosis return time-series $X_t$. I do not know the functional form of the pdf of $X_t$ and have about 150,000 data points. Sup...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5226/how-slow-is-a-reversible-adiabatic-expansion-of-an-ideal-gas/5511
# How slow is a reversible adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas? A truly reversible thermodynamic process needs to be infinitesimally displaced from equilibrium at all times and therefore takes infinite time to complete. However, if I execute the process slowly, I should be able to get close to reversibility. My questi...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/85172/fastest-way-to-compute-subfields-of-mathbbq-sqrt82-i-which-are-galois?answertab=oldest
# Fastest way to compute subfields of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[8]{2},i)$ which are Galois over $\mathbb{Q}$? I have the lattice of subfields of the splitting field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[8]{2},i)$ over $x^8-2$, and the corresponding lattice of subgroups of the Galois group $G$ of the splitting field. I'm now interested in the fi...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/161515-continuous-section.html
# Thread: 1. ## continuous section Hello, I should show that a surjective, continuous map f:X->Y is an identification if it admits a section s:Y->X. I don't understand the part: "it admits a section s:Y->X." what does this mean? what is a section? 2. I believe that a section (see also here) is a right inverse of ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/53266/values-where-infinite-products-of-primes-and-composites-are-equal/96151
## Values where infinite products of primes and composites are equal ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Highly grateful for your help/steers on the following question (at the end): Take the infinite product: $$\displaystyle T(s) = \prod _{n=2}^{...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/21367/proof-that-pi-is-transcendental-that-doesnt-use-the-infinitude-of-primes/21389
Proof that pi is transcendental that doesn’t use the infinitude of primes Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I just taught the classical impossible constructions for the first time, and in finding my class a reference for the transcendence of pi, I fo...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/73982-finding-intersections-adding-2-equations.html
# Thread: 1. ## Finding intersections by adding 2 equations For each of the following pairs of equations, find the point of intersection by adding the two equations together. Remember: you might need to change the coeffients and/or signs of the variables before adding. Help! x-y = -1 x+y= 9 2. Originally Posted by...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/2602/experiments-that-measure-the-time-a-gas-takes-to-reach-equilibrium
# Experiments that measure the time a gas takes to reach equilibrium If you take two ideal gases at different temperatures, and allow them to share energy through heat, they'll eventually reach a thermodynamic equilibrium state that has higher entropy than the original. The time evolution of that entropy increase is e...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/66241/is-a-particular-element-of-a-particular-ring-a-nonzerodivisor/66254
## Is a particular element of a particular ring a nonzerodivisor? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $A$ be the ring $\Bbbk[\alpha_0, \alpha_1, \alpha_2, x_0, x_1, x_2]$ (where $\Bbbk$ is an infinite field, algebraically closed if it matters)....
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=411880
Physics Forums ## Open sets and metric spaces... I'm reading Analysis on Manifolds by Munkres and in the section Review of Topology Munkres states the following theorem without proof: Let X be a metric space; let Y be a subspace. A subset A of Y is open in Y if and only if it has the form A = U ∩ Y where U is open i...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/151356-dividing-rational-expressions.html
# Thread: 1. ## Dividing Rational Expressions Once again I have no one to turn to for help so I must put my fate in your hands. These problems are for a study guide for my midterm tonight and I have no idea how to do them. Any help is appreciated, thank you. 2. For Problem 10, you should find the values of x which m...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/81986-sequence-differentiable-functions-non-differentiable-limit.html
Thread: 1. Sequence of differentiable functions, non-differentiable limit I am trying to find a sequence of differentiable functions which converge uniformly on [-1,1] but such that the uniform limit is NOT differentiable on (-1,1). I figure I'd like to make something converge to f(x)=|x| (which is not differentiabl...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/19126/theory-of-cones/21842
## Theory of cones ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi all, Can anyone point me to some references to the theory of finitely-generated cones in euclidean space? I'd like to know in particular if there is a notion of basis/dimension/linear depen...
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http://www.quantummatter.com/the-origin-of-instantaneous-action-in-natural-laws/
Milo Wolff's site on his Space Resonance Theory. A fresh look on modern quantum physics. Recent articles # The Origin of Instantaneous Action in Natural Laws September 10th, 2010 by Milo Wolff ### ABSTRACT: In the last millennium we learned that objects obey fixed laws of nature. Until the last decade, these laws ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/48864/list
Return to Question 3 added 191 characters in body; edited title WasIs Grothendieck a computer? I can't resist asking this companion question to the one of Gowers. There, Tim Dokchitser suggested the idea of Grothendieck topologies as a fundamentally new insight. But Gowers' original motivation is to probe the bounda...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/continuity+metric-spaces
# Tagged Questions 1answer 43 views ### Proving Continuity with Open Sets I have a doubt about how to prove continuity using the definition in terms of open sets. The $\epsilon$-$\delta$ definition of continuity is not very pleasant to work with, however, I know what must ... 2answers 42 views ### Finding a bounded...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-applied-math/65415-physics-easy-torque-question.html
# Thread: 1. ## Physics easy torque question A beam is held in place by two wires, one at each end. A monkey with a mass of 50kg is hanging somewhere on the beam. There is a force of 180 N on one of the wires. Draw the picture, find the force on the 2nd wire and where the monkey is hanging if the beam is 2m long. An...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=517120
Physics Forums ## Dynamical systems notation I have some questions about what I think is a fairly standard and common short-hand notation used in physics. Today I watched lecture 2 in the nptelhrd series Classical Physics by Prof. V. Balakrishnan. In it, he models a kind of system called a simple harmonic oscillator...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/81034/compact-embeddings-of-sobolev-spaces-a-counterexample-showing-the-rellich-kondra/81044
## Compact Embeddings of Sobolev Spaces: A Counterexample Showing The Rellich-Kondrachov Theorem Is Sharp ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $U$ be an open bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $C^{1}$ boundary. Let $1 \leq p < n$ and $p^{\ast...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/53300/locally-compact-hausdorff-space-that-is-not-normal/112221
Locally compact Hausdorff space that is not normal Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) What is a good example of a locally compact Hausdorff space that is not normal. It seems to be well-known that not all locally compact Hausdorff spaces are normal (a...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/61031/dimension-of-a-vector-subspace-of-f-2n/181804
# Dimension of a vector subspace of $F_2^n$ Let $W$ be a vector subspace of $F_2^n$. Then, $|W| = 2^k$ for $k \leq n$. Is it always true that $\text{dim}(W) = k$? If it is, where can I find a proof? - 9 It may be easier to go the other way. If $W$ has a basis consisting $k$ vectors, how many elements does it have? T...
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http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.em/1268404806
previous :: next ### Minimal Permutation Representations of Nilpotent Groups Ben Elias, Lior Silberman, and Ramin Takloo-Bighash Source: Experiment. Math. Volume 19, Issue 1 (2010), 121-128. #### Abstract A minimal permutation representation of a finite group $G$ is a faithful $G$-set with the smallest possible siz...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/11488?sort=votes
## Varieties cut by quadrics ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there a characterization of the class of varieties which can be described as an intersection of quadrics, apart from the taulogical one? Lots of varieties arise in this way (my fa...
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http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Cross_correlation
# Cross correlation Welcome to MedLibrary.org. For best results, we recommend beginning with the navigation links at the top of the page, which can guide you through our collection of over 14,000 medication labels and package inserts. For additional information on other topics which are not covered by our database of ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/85404-conditional-probability.html
# Thread: 1. ## Conditional probability Suppose you have an urn with 2 yellow balls, 3 red balls, 6 white balls, and 12 blue balls. You randomly draw 4 balls from the urn without replacement. Given that at least one of the balls is yellow, what is the probability that all 4 balls will be different colors? I know tha...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/212975-bernoulli-equation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Bernoulli equation I'm trying to figure out how to do this problem and we've just covered bernoulli equations in class so I know I have to use that. This is the problem: Solve the equation $y' = (X cos(t) + T)y - y^3$ where X and T are constants. So far I have this: $dy/dt - (X cos(t) + T)y = -y^3$...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/226121/rates-of-change-with-trigonometry
# rates of change with trigonometry I really need some help with a question... A hot air balloon leaves the ground at a point that is horizontal distance 190 metres from an observer and rises vertically upwards. The observer notes that the rate of increase of the angle of inclination between the horizontal and the ve...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/15367?sort=newest
## How many ways can we characterize gamma function? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) First let's state a well-known characterization of gamma function. If f is a positive function on positive real numbers such that: (1).f(x+1)=xf(x); (2).f(1)=...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/168497-quadratic-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Quadratic problem Thanks, that was pretty simple Find two quadratic functions f and g such that $f (1) = 0, g(1) = 0$ and $f (0) = 10, g(0) = 10$ and both have a maximum value of 18. So if $f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c$ then $c= 10$ for both f and g. I also got $0=a+b+10$ for both f and g what do I do fro...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/01/30/darboux-integration/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=420e8d64d7
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Darboux Integration Okay, defining the integral as the limit of a net of Riemann sums is all well and good, but it’s a huge net, and it seems impossible to calculate with. We need a better way of getting a handle on these things. What we’ll use is a little trick for evaluating limi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/17433/renormalization-group-different-fixed-points/17456
# Renormalization Group: Different fixed points Extending the Gaussian model by introducing a second field and coupling it to the other field, I consider the Hamiltonian $$\beta H = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^d} \int_0^\Lambda d^d q \frac{t + Kq^2}{2} |m(q)|^2 + \frac{L}{2} q^4 |\phi|^2 + v q^2 m(q) \phi^*(q)$$ Doing a Renorma...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/261622/a-homomorphism-from-mathbbq-rightarrow-mathbbq
# A homomorphism from $(\mathbb{Q},+)\rightarrow (\mathbb{Q},+)$ I claim that any group homomorphism will be of the form $f(x)=qx$ for some $q\in\mathbb{Q}$, now as $f$ is non zero so $q\neq 0$ now clearly kernel of $f$ will be $\{0\}$ only hence $f$ is injective, now let $f(1)=p\neq 0$ then for any $y\in\mathbb{Q}$ a...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/examples-counterexamples?sort=votes&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions Examples and counterexamples are great ways to learn about the intricacies of definitions in mathematics. Counterexamples are especially useful in topology and analysis where most things are fairly intuitive, but every now and then one may run into borderline cases where the naive intuition may ... ...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?s=2212a82a4682ccb83ad1f1ed87b56820&p=4026885
Physics Forums ## What is the determinant of a matrix? Okay so I'm a first year engineering student and I'm taking linear algebra. I understand how to take determinants of nxn matrices, and I know how to do co-factor expansion. But I still don't understand what a determinant is. I don't like learning algorithms on ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/4157-help-newton-print.html
# help with Newton Printable View • July 15th 2006, 11:22 AM dan help with Newton Is there some one who would get a kick out of explaining Newton’s method to me? I've read some different things about it but I didn’t understand the calculus :confused: Is it possible to explain it without using calculus? dan • July 15t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/37610/demonstrating-that-rigour-is-important/63913
## Demonstrating that rigour is important ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Any pure mathematician will from time to time discuss, or think about, the question of why we care about proofs, or to put the question in a more precise form, why we see...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/11/19/nets-part-i/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=a34a077b61
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Nets, Part I And now we come to my favorite definition of a topology: that by nets. If you’ve got a fair-to-middling mathematical background you’ve almost certainly seen the notion of a sequence, which picks out a point of a space for each natural number. Nets generalize this to pi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44365/cauchy-problem-in-convex-neighborhood
# Cauchy Problem in Convex Neighborhood While reading the reference Eric Poisson and Adam Pound and Ian Vega,The Motion of Point Particles in Curved Spacetime, available here, there is something that I don't quite understand. Eq.(16.6) is an evolution equation for de Green functional. Then in Eq.(16.7) Poisson et. a...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/282/what-alphanumeric-string-length-can-be-used-to-guarantee-no-hash-collisions-from/286
# What alphanumeric string length can be used to guarantee no hash collisions from CRC-64? If I'm hashing alphanumeric strings (chars in the set `0`-`9`, `a`-`z`, and `A`-`Z`) with a CRC-64 hashing function, how long can my strings be while guaranteeing no hash collisions? Stated differently: If I have a set of all C...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/36430/reason-for-the-gaussian-wave-packet-spreading?answertab=active
# Reason for the Gaussian wave packet spreading I have recently read how the Gaussian wave packet spreads while propagating. see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_packet#Gaussian_wavepackets_in_quantum_mechanics Though I understand the mathematics I don't understand the physical explanation behind it. Can you please...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/143135-max-min-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Max/Min Problem Hey, I really need help solving this problem. Help would be greatly appreciated. 1. A rectangle is to be inscribed in a semicircle with radius 4, with one side on the semicircle's diameter. What is the largest area this rectangle can have? This problem was under the "Maxima and Minim...
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http://nrich.maths.org/6675/note
### GOT IT Now For this challenge, you'll need to play Got It! Can you explain the strategy for winning this game with any target? ### Is There a Theorem? Draw a square. A second square of the same size slides around the first always maintaining contact and keeping the same orientation. How far does the dot travel? ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/112335/representation-ring-of-sun
## Representation ring of SU(n)? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) What's the structure of representation ring of SU(n)? What are the representations of generators? - If $V$ is the standard representation, it's a free ring generated by $V$, $\w...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/164177-prove-following-function-differentiable.html
# Thread: 1. ## Prove the following function is differentiable Let f(t) be a continuous function under 1 variable, and we shall define g(u,v)=Integral of f(t)dt from (v^2 - u^2) to (v^2+u^2) prove that g(u,v) is differentiable in (u,v). How do I approach? Should I use the Leibniz rule for integrals? Thanks. $\di...
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http://sbseminar.wordpress.com/2007/08/09/questions-about-the-moy-relations/
## Questions about the MOY relations August 9, 2007 Posted by Joel Kamnitzer in link homology, Pictorial Algebra, quantum groups. trackback I have some rather specific questions about the MOY knot invariant which have come up as Sabin Cautis and I have been thinking about Khovanov-Rozansky homology. I’ll start by ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/241692/how-to-solve-this-recurrence-relation-tn-4-cdot-t-sqrtn-n/242639
# How to solve this recurrence relation: $T(n) = 4\cdot T(\sqrt{n}) + n$ I was trying to solve this recurrence $T(n) = 4T(\sqrt{n}) + n$. Here $n$ is a power of $2$. I had try to solve like this: So the question now is how deep the recursion tree is. Well, that is the number of times that you can take the square roo...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/21382?sort=oldest
## If “tensor” has an adjoint, is it automatically an “internal Hom”? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let `$\mathcal C,\otimes$` be a monoidal category, i.e. `$\otimes : \mathcal C \times \mathcal C \to \mathcal C$` is a functor, and there's a ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/40804/barrier-in-an-infinite-double-well?answertab=active
Barrier in an infinite double well I am stuck on a QM homework problem. The setup is this: (To be clear, the potential in the left and rightmost regions is $0$ while the potential in the center region is $V_0$, and the wavefunction vanishes when $|x|>b+a/2$.) I'm asked to write the Schrödinger equation for each regio...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/149656/prove-that-f-n-converges-to-f-in-l-1-norm-given-int-f-n-to-int-f/149675
# Prove that $f_n$ converges to $f$ in $L_1$ norm given $\int f_n \to \int f$ a homework question from measure and integraiton theory course. Suppose $f_n \in L_1(\mathbb R^d)$ for each $n\in\mathbb N$, $f_n\geq 0$ , $f_n\to f$ a.e and $\int f_n\to\int f<\infty$. Prove that $\int|f_n-f| \to 0$ (Hint: ($f_n - f)_-\le...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/72931?sort=votes
## What reasonable choices of morphisms are there for the category of Poisson algebras? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The first definition of the category of Poisson algebras that comes to mind is that a morphism between Poisson algebras is a...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/232220/optimizing-response-times-of-an-ambulance-corp-short-term-versus-average/232432
# Optimizing response times of an ambulance corp: short-term versus average Background: I work for an Ambulance service. We are one of the largest ambulance services in the world. We have a dispatch system that will always send the closest ambulance to any emergency call. There is a belief that this results in the fas...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/33604/voltage-and-resistance-in-series-connection
# Voltage and resistance in series connection In a series connection with n elements it is true that (voltage): $$V = V_1 + V_2 + ... +V_n$$ and (resistance): $$R = R_1 + R_2 + ... +R_n$$ If I know one of these I can infer the other. But is it possible to prove any of them without the other? - Do you know the def...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/81321?sort=votes
## Growth of groups versus Schreier graphs ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) This question is motivated by this one http://mathoverflow.net/questions/32899/what-is-the-relation-between-the-number-syntactic-congruence-classes-and-the-num where it ...
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http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/print/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.097403
# Synopsis: Optical Device is More Than 100% Efficient #### Thermoelectrically Pumped Light-Emitting Diodes Operating above Unity Efficiency Parthiban Santhanam, Dodd Joseph Gray, Jr., and Rajeev J. Ram Published February 27, 2012 Physicists have known for decades that, in principle, a semiconductor dev...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/222033/arc-transitivity-of-the-complete-graph
Arc transitivity of the complete graph Recall that a graph $G$ is arc transitive if the natural action of $\mathrm{Aut}(G)$ on $A(G) = \{ (u,v) | \{u,v\} \in E(G)\}$ is transitive. In other words, given $(u,v),(u'.v') \in A(G)$ one finds a $g \in \mathrm{Aut}(G)$ such that $g (u,v) := (g(u),g(v)) = (u',v').$ Our lec...
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http://theoreticalatlas.wordpress.com/2009/05/13/smooth-ottawa/
# Theoretical Atlas He had bought a large map representing the sea, / Without the least vestige of land: / And the crew were much pleased when they found it to be / A map they could all understand. May 13, 2009 ## Conference: Smooth Structures in Ottawa Posted by Jeffrey Morton under category theory, conferences, g...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=587545
Physics Forums Page 1 of 5 1 2 3 4 > Last » ## What exactly is an electron? HI, Firstly I'd like to open with I know what an electron is and I know all about its charge and the role it plays in electricity, current, free electron model etc etc. My question is what is an electron 'made' out of? My reasonin...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/66473/group-cohomology-of-an-abelian-group-with-nontrivial-action/66481
## Group cohomology of an abelian group with nontrivial action ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) How do I compute the group cohomology $H^2(G,A)$ if G is a finite abelian group acting nontrivially on a finite abelian group A? - 5 Type it into a...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/71939/list
## Return to Question 1 [made Community Wiki] # What is the strongest, most natural, conjectural form of Langlands? This is inspired by my previous question: http://mathoverflow.net/questions/71743/what-is-the-precise-relationship-between-langlands-and-tannakian-formalism As well as the excellent link that Tom Lein...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/51489/rotate-vector-in-spherical-coordinates?answertab=oldest
Rotate vector in spherical coordinates I have two arbitrary vectors $\vec{x}$ and $\vec{x}'$ given in spherical coordinates $(|\vec{x}|=x,\theta,\phi)$ (as convention I take the "physics notation" given on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system). I now want to rotate the coordinate system s...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/154984-problem-involving-complex-numbers-polar-form.html
# Thread: 1. ## A problem involving complex numbers in polar form I'm having some problems with this question. It is as follows; A and B are two points on a computer screen. A program produces a trace on the screen to execute the following algorithm. Step 1 - Start at any point P on the screen. Step 2 - From the c...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/4823/easy-one-step-option-replication/4830
# easy one step option replication I have the following question. Consider that you have a stock currently trading at 100\$. In one month it can jump to 120\$ with probability 99% and go to 80\$with probability 1%. How much is call option with strike at 110$ worth now? So when you do replication portfolio consisting ...
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http://csgillespie.wordpress.com/tag/acceptance-rejection/
Why? December 2, 2010 Random variable generation (Pt 2 of 3) Filed under: AMCMC, R — Tags: acceptance-rejection, AMCMC, MCMC, R, random-numbers — csgillespie @ 5:44 pm Acceptance-rejection methods This post is based on chapter 1.4 of Advanced Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Another method of generating random variates ...
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http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cg_Programming/Unity/Silhouette_Enhancement
# Cg Programming/Unity/Silhouette Enhancement A semitransparent jellyfish. Note the increased opaqueness at the silhouettes. This tutorial covers the transformation of surface normal vectors. It assumes that you are familiar with alpha blending as discussed in Section “Transparency” and with shader properties as disc...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/65352/model-category-structures-on-the-category-of-l-infty-algebras
## Model category structures on the category of $L_\infty$-algebras ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $k$ be a characteristic zero field. Then it is known that the forgetful functor $dgla(k)\to chain(k)$ from differential graded Lie algebras ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/244302/quaternions-and-rotations-in-bbb-r3?answertab=oldest
# Quaternions and rotations in $\Bbb R^3$ I'm having some trouble understanding the following example in Armstrong's Groups and Symmetry: ''An element of $\mathbb{H}$ of the form $bi + cj + dk$ is called a ''pure quaternion'. Identify the set of all pure quaternions with $\mathbb{R}^3$ via the correspondence $bi + cj...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/forces?sort=votes&pagesize=30
# Tagged Questions This tag is for the classical concept of forces, i.e. the quantities causing an acceleration of a body. It expands to the strong/electroweak force only insofar as they act comparable to ‘classical’ forces. Use [tag:particle-physics] for decay channels due to forces and [tag:newtonian-mechanics] or ....
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?s=0e9396f867ed4a7661124cc1417d0819&p=4252441
Physics Forums ## Imposing Klein-Gordon on Dirac Equation Hey, My question is on the Dirac equation, I am having a little confusion with the steps that have been taken to get from this form of the Dirac equation: $$i\frac{\partial \psi}{\partial t}=(-i\underline{\alpha}\cdot \underline{\nabla}+\beta m)\psi$$ to $...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/88361-sampling-smooth-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## sampling a smooth function Hi everybody, First, I am sorry if it is not the right place to ask my question. Could someone please help me with the following question: After sampling a smooth function (or at least a continuously differentiable function) like f(.) with a small enough sampling time, is ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/6220/can-a-car-get-better-mileage-driving-over-hills/7222
# Can a car get better mileage driving over hills? Two towns are at the same elevation and are connected by two roads of the same length. One road is flat, the other road goes up and down some hills. Will an automobile always get the best mileage driving between the two towns on the flat road versus the hilly one, if ...
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http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-point_circle
# Nine-point circle The nine points In geometry, the nine-point circle is a circle that can be constructed for any given triangle. It is so named because it passes through nine significant concyclic points defined from the triangle. These nine points are: • The midpoint of each side of the triangle • The foot of eac...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/20548/how-to-solve-diophantine-equations-in-f-p
## How to solve Diophantine equations in $F_{p}$? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) For example, how to solve the equation `$\sum^{p-1}_{i}x_{i}^{2}=0$` in $F_{p}$? This is not a homework problem. I think it should have a definite answer, so not ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/151295-surface-integral-solved-directly-using-gauss-theorem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Surface integral solved directly and using Gauss' Theorem. To find the flow of the field $F\left( {x,y,z} \right) = \left( {x^3 ,y^3 ,z^3 } \right)$ across the surface of the cone $x^2 + y^2 = z^2$ with 0 < z < H a) Directly b) Applying Gauss's theorem 2. What have you tried? I will give you this mu...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/integral?sort=faq&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions Questions on the evaluation of definite and indefinite integrals learn more… | top users | synonyms 13answers 4k views ### Proving $\int_{0}^{+\infty} e^{-x^2} dx = \frac{\sqrt \pi}{2}$ How to prove $$\int_{0}^{+\infty} e^{-x^2} dx = \frac{\sqrt \pi}{2}$$ 4answers 707 views ### Simpler way to c...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/37756/measure-absolute-speed
# Measure absolute speed Currently I'm 17 years old, going to secondary school. So, my ideas might be totally wrong... I know that everything is relative. In the example of speed, the earth moves, and the galaxy moves, etc. My physics teacher told me that the speed of light is absolute, which means that the speed of ...
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http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/33487/low-power-design-switch-out-voltage-divider-using-transistor
Low power design - switch out voltage divider using transistor? I have a very simple voltage divider circuit for measuring the resistance of a platinum 100 Ohm resistor. I want to be able to switch out the voltage divider circuit from the power supply in order to save power. Is this possible? ````------------------...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/93791/alpha-derivations
## alpha derivations ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I am curious. Is there a "slick" way of showing that given an arbitrary algebra $A$ with generating set $X$, an algebra endomorphism $\alpha : A\to A$ and a function (satisfying some conditio...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/46573/what-are-the-strings-in-string-theory-made-of/47539
# What are the strings in string theory made of? This is a follow-up to an intriguing question last year about tension in string theory. What are the strings in string theory composed of? I am serious. Strings made of matter are complex objects that require a highly specific form of long-chain inter-atomic bonding (...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/17533/laws-of-distribution
Laws of distribution Is it legal to distribute the $\land$ or the $\lor$ operators over the $\implies$ operator? For example is it legal for me to to do the following? $(p\land(p\implies q))\implies q$ $(p\land p) \implies (p\land q) \implies q$ Put more simply: Is the "AND" operator distributive over the "IMPLIES"...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/statistics/105884-p-h-heads-row-given-n-coin-flips.html
# Thread: 1. ## P(H heads in a row) given N coin flips Hi, I recently thought of the following problem and my basic grasp of probability and combinatorics is not enough to handle it: You flip a coin N times. What is the probability P(N,H) that you get at least one sequence of at least H heads in a row? Since this ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/122192-infinitely-many-composite-numbers-print.html
# Infinitely many composite numbers Printable View • January 2nd 2010, 06:58 AM usagi_killer Infinitely many composite numbers Let http://alt1.artofproblemsolving.com/...ea377667b8.gif and http://alt2.artofproblemsolving.com/...bd49418f98.gif be positive integers and let the sequence http://alt2.artofproblemsolving.c...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/96510?sort=votes
## Have we ever lost any mathematics? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The history of mathematics over the last 200 years has many occasions when the fundamental assumptions of an area have been shown to be flawed, or even wrong. Yet I cannot th...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=3444317
Physics Forums ## Need help raising the voltage on a power supply that I am making. I am currently building a DC power supply for a HHO Fuel cell. I am looking for HIGH current at a relatively low voltage (12-15 volts). I already have modified a MOT (Microwave oven Transformer) for high current. I replaced the high v...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/porous-media+fluid-dynamics
# Tagged Questions 1answer 132 views ### Darcy law yields extreme speed for gas flow throgh packed spheres? The darcy law is as follows: $u=-\frac{k}{\mu}\nabla p$. Assume we have a gas, then $\mu$ is about $10^{-5}$. $k$ for packed spheres a few mm in diameter is of order $10^{-8}$ $m^2$. Say the ... 0answers 78 vi...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/3110/impacts-of-not-using-rsa-exponent-of-65537
# Impacts of not using RSA exponent of 65537 This RFC says the RSA Exponent should be 65537. Why is that number recommended and what are the theoretical and practical impacts & risks of making that number higher or lower? What are the impacts of making that value a non-Fermat number, or simply non prime? - ## 2 Ans...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/25128-logarithm-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## logarithm problem logarithm problem Attached Thumbnails 2. Originally Posted by afeasfaerw23231233 logarithm problem The first question can be transformed into a quadratic in $2^x+2^{-x}$, by observing that: $(2^x+2^{-x})^2=2^{2x}+2+2^{-2x}=[4^x+4^{-x}]+2$ So the equation becomes: $<br /> 2[2^x+2^...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/194126-orthonormal-vector-property.html
# Thread: 1. ## Orthonormal Vector Property This problem comes from a second-semester course in linear algebra. We are currently covering Gram Scmidt - but outside of the application problems, I'm a bit lost. Problem: Suppose V is an inner product space and {v_1, ... , v_k} is an orthonormal set of vectors in V. Sho...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/137130/induction-as-peano-axiom/137305
# Induction as Peano Axiom Let P be some proposition. If we have that $P(0)$ is true and that if $P(n)$ is true, then $P(S(n))$ is true, where $S(n)$ is the successor of natural number $n$. Then we have that $P(n)$ is true for all natural numbers. To my understanding, we need this axiom to eliminate formulations like...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/48590/list
## Return to Answer 1 [made Community Wiki] In descriptive set theory, we study properties of Polish spaces, typically not considered as topological spaces but rather we equip them with their "Borel structure", i.e., the collection of their Borel sets. Any two uncountable standard Borel Polish spaces are isomorphic, ...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/12/11/young-tabloids/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=5d5a17dad5
The Unapologetic Mathematician Young Tabloids Close cousins to Young tableaux, Young tabloids give us another set on which our symmetric group will act. We say that two Young tableaux are “row-equivalent” if they contain the same entries in the same rows. That is, if we start with a Young tableau and shuffle the ent...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/175782-laplaces-equation-question-involving-showing-value-centre-square.html
# Thread: 1. ## Laplaces Equation, a question involving showing the value at the centre of a square Can anyone help me think of the three similar cases I need to examine, I was thinking 0<x<pi/2 0<y<pi/2, 0<x<pi 0<y<pi/2, 0<x<pi/2 0<y<pi, with the same boundaries as those parts of the original square, but it doesn't ...
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