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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/43255/list
## Return to Question 8 added 99 characters in body EDIT: Based on comments, I've decided to essentially rewrite this question. My apologies to those who commented below, whose comments seem a bit off topic when you try to match them with the current question. I've also posted a better-thought out follow-up here. Lo...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_context-free_grammar
# Generalized context-free grammar Generalized Context-free Grammar (GCFG) is a grammar formalism that expands on context-free grammars by adding potentially non-context free composition functions to rewrite rules.[1] Head grammar (and its weak equivalents) is an instance of such a GCFG which is known to be especially...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/30496/water-to-ice-expansion-in-1-textrmmm3-pit-pressure-on-the-pit-walls?answertab=oldest
Water to ice expansion in $1\textrm{mm}^3$ pit - pressure on the pit walls? [EDITED] by mistake, the subject was regarding 1m^3 instead of 1mm^3. There should be a significant difference between the two... A 1x1x1mm pit filled with water is frozen at a slow rate (1K/minute). When the water becomes ice and expands 9%...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/202520-how-find-if-neutral-idnty-element-exists-16-different-binary-operations.html
1Thanks • 1 Post By HallsofIvy # Thread: 1. ## How to find if neutral/idnty element exists for 16 different binary operations of *? Suppose I'm given an operation $*$ on a set $A\,\, \text{where}\,\, a,b \in A$ such that the operation between two elements of set $A$ is also an element of set $A$ Now there are $2 \t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/106543/p-adic-representations-of-groups/106548
## p-adic representations of groups ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi, is there a possibility to classify irreducible representations of (finite) groups over $\mathbb{Z_p}$ with $p\neq 2$ a prime? Can one get the number of the irred. represent...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/57651/tame-abelian-tensor-categories
## Tame abelian tensor categories ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In the article "Tannaka duality for geometric stacks" (arxiv, see nlab for a summary) Jacob Lurie introduced the notion of a tame abelian tensor category. An abelian tensor categ...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/07/06/dirac-notation-iii/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=d91e0e6d9a
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Dirac Notation III So we’ve got Dirac notation and it’s nice for inner product spaces, but remember we’re not just interested in vectors and vector spaces. We’re even more interested in transformations between vector spaces. So what happens when we throw a linear transformation int...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/black-holes+entropy
# Tagged Questions 0answers 51 views ### Entanglement and Black holes If you have two entangled quantum states, One state falls into a black hole and you measure the other state, What can you say about the state that has fallen into the black hole? If you have billions ... 1answer 47 views ### Would the universe ge...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/54575/what-is-generalized-free-field?answertab=active
What is generalized free field? I came across the term generalized free field in a paper recently but I don't know its definition. Google leads to other papers which take it for granted and use it without defining it. It appears that O.W. Greenberg introduced the term in the paper Generalized free fields and models of...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_union
# Tagged union In computer science, a tagged union, also called a variant, variant record, discriminated union, disjoint union, or sum type, is a data structure used to hold a value that could take on several different, but fixed types. Only one of the types can be in use at any one time, and a tag field explicitly in...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/string+homework
# Tagged Questions 1answer 53 views ### The second resonance of string? What is the relationship between "the second resonance " and string and the wavelength. Like in this question: if the length of the string is 2cm with second resonance, then what is wavelength? 0answers 241 views ### Neglecting friction on a pu...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/geometry/122013-stucked-part-ii-after-comleting-part-i.html
Thread: 1. Stucked @ part ii after comleting part i I don't know how to do the part ii. The equation of a curve is $y = 4x^2 - 2kx + k$ i) Find the range of values of k if the curve does not meet the x-axis. ii) Show that the line $y = x + 1$ intersects the curve for all real values of k. Solution i) Since curve ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/193185/problem-with-the-definition-of-lebesgue-measure-and-borel-sets
# Problem with the definition of Lebesgue Measure and borel sets! The definition of lebesgue measure (in my textbook): The set-function $\lambda^{n}$ on ($\mathbb{R}^{n}, \mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$) that assigns every half-open $[[a,b)) = [a_{1},b_{1}) \times \dots \times [a_{n},b_{n})\in\mathcal{J}$ the value: $\l...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/54910/a-detail-about-mct-application?answertab=votes
# A detail about MCT application I have a indirect question about Monotone Class Theorem (MCT), in its functional form. Here is a version which should be sufficiently general for my purpose. Functional Monotone Class Theorem : Let H a collection of real valued and bounded functions such that: - H is a vector space -...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivot_element
# Pivot element The pivot or pivot element is the element of a matrix, or an array, which is selected first by an algorithm (e.g. Gaussian elimination, simplex algorithm, etc.), to do certain calculations. In the case of matrix algorithms, a pivot entry is usually required to be at least distinct from zero, and often ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44967/mass-points-of-a-mass-spring-model
# Mass points of a Mass-spring model Let's say I have a mass spring model like the one in the picture below: So, there are 3 parts of the spring joined together in an equilateral triangular manner. Each of the joints has a mass of $m$. The resting length of each of the springs is $l$. The top joint point of the sprin...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/83337/on-product-of-some-spaces/83340
## on product of some spaces ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I know that $X$ is a topological space, $R$ is the real line, $S^n$ is n-sphere and $X\times R$ is diffeomorphic to $S^n\times R$. Is it true that $X$ is homeomorphic to $S^n$? - 2 ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/143707-set-builder-notation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Set builder notation In the beginning part of my book. There was a solution which says: Given a set of negative integers, $S$ , where $S \subset \mathbb{Z}^-$, we can build a set $T$ of positive numbers by a set builder notation such as $T=\{x \in Z: -x \in S\}$. Question: Since $x$ is only a dumm...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/3963/animating-a-voronoi-diagram?answertab=votes
# Animating a Voronoi Diagram edit: Excellent answers have been provided and I made an animation which is suitable for my use, however, all the examples rely on bitmap/rasterized data; is there a vector based approach? I would like to animate the formation of a voronoi network from a set of semi-random points. ````p...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/171740-choice-functions-collections.html
# Thread: 1. ## Choice functions for collections... Find if possible a choice function for each of the following collections, without using the choice axiom: a. The collection A of nonempty subsets of Z+ (positive integers) b. The collection B of nonempty subsets of Z (integers) c. The collection C of nonempty subse...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/21232/is-the-form-of-the-lagrangian-relevant-before-the-renormalization-procedure
# Is the form of the Lagrangian relevant before the renormalization procedure? In the renormalization procedure, is writing things like $$\varphi=\sqrt{Z_{\varphi}}\ \varphi_R\ ,\ \ m_0^2=Z_m\ m_R^2\ ,\ \ g_0=Z_g \mu^{\epsilon}\ g_R$$ and $$Z_i=1+\sum_{\nu=1}^\infty C_i^{(\nu)}(m_R,\mu,\Lambda\text{ or }\epsilon)·g_R...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-topics/15252-rational-irrational-numbers.html
# Thread: 1. ## Rational and Irrational numbers Now, don't think this is just an ordinary question! Here goes: a and b are irrational numbers a + b is rational a x b is rational Work out possible values for a and b where they are positive irrational numbers. I am sure that I have gotten down all the details, any h...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/242606/how-to-compute-the-hilbert-symbol?answertab=oldest
# How to compute the Hilbert symbol? Let $a,b,c \in \mathbb Q_2^*$, where $\mathbb Q_2$ denotes the 2-adic field. How to compute the Hilbert symbol $(b^2-4ac,2a)$? By definition, $(b^2-4ac,2a)=1$, if the equation $z^2-(b^2-4ac)x^2-2ay^2=0$ has a non-trivial solution and $(b^2-4ac,2a)=-1$ otherwise. I know, that for ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/49867/cyclic-coordinates-in-hamiltonian-mechanics/49873
# Cyclic Coordinates in Hamiltonian Mechanics I was reading up on Hamiltonian Mechanics and came across the following: If a generalized coordinate $q_j$ doesn't explicitly occur in the Hamiltonian, then $p_j$ is a constant of motion (meaning, a constant, independent of time for a true dynamical motion). $q_j$ then be...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/59073-ugh-optimazation.html
# Thread: 1. ## ugh, optimazation... i just have issues with the algebra, i can take the derivative, but then im stuck. thanks for any help in advance! An electric current, , in amps, is given by where is a constant. What are the maximum and minimum values of I? 2. Originally Posted by purplegirl1818 i just have is...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/937/how-does-gravity-escape-a-black-hole
# How does gravity escape a black hole? My understanding is that light can not escape from within a black hole (within the event horizon). I've also heard that information cannot propagate faster than the speed of light. It would seem to me that the gravitational attraction caused by a black hole carries information a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/136513-zero-ring.html
# Thread: 1. ## Zero ring This feels like a dumb question, but I'll ask it anyway. Is it possible for a ring to have a principle ideal $I$ generated by a nonzero element such that $I = \{0\}$? Edit: Nevermind, I figured this out right after I posted it. This would be the case in a zero ring (not the trivial ring).
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/176130-trig-word-problem-angle-depression.html
# Thread: 1. ## Trig word problem - angle of depression. Here is the word problem. A bird on top of a vertical pole looked South at an angle of depression of 35 Degrees, saw Icing, Maya's bunny on the ground. The bird turned and looked East, and at an angle of depression of 40 degrees saw, Notowada, Maya's turtle on...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/102624/multiplicity-one-conjecture/107264
## Multiplicity one conjecture ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I recently became interested in Maass cusp forms and heared people mentioning a "multiplicity one conjecture". As far as I understood it, it says that the dimension of the space of ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/8957/homotopy-groups-of-lie-groups/8960
Homotopy groups of Lie groups Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Several times I've heard the claim that any Lie group $G$ has trivial second fundamental group $\pi_2(G)$, but I have never actually come across a proof of this fact. Is there a nice arg...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=382374
Physics Forums ## Inversion of this Vandermonde matrix I was trying to expand a three and more parameter functions similarly to the two-parameter case f(x,y)=(f(x,y)+f(y,x))/2+(f(x,y)-f(y,x))/2. Anyway, to do the same for more parameters I need to solve [tex] \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & \dotsb & 1\\ 1 & \omega & \om...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/102586?sort=oldest
## How else can we describe the volume of a lagrangian submanifold in a Kahler manifold? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Suppose $(V^{2g}, g, \omega, J)$ is an almost Kahler manifold. ie. $(V,\omega)$ is a symplectic manifold with $\omega$-comp...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/02/02/
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Upper-Triangular Matrices Until further notice, I’ll be assuming that the base field $\mathbb{F}$ is algebraically closed, like the complex numbers $\mathbb{C}$. What does this assumption buy us? It says that the characteristic polynomial of a linear transformation $T$ is — like a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/142738-quotient-groups.html
# Thread: 1. ## Quotient Groups Let H be a normal subgroup of finite group G. If the order of the quotient groups $G/H$ is m, prove that $g^m$ is in H for all $g \in G$. So since H is normal, there are no distinctions between left and right cosets in G. G is a finite group. Let o(G) = n. The o(G/H) = m. Don't know...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/125480-solved-complex-polynomial-division.html
# Thread: 1. ## [SOLVED] Complex Polynomial Division However, this is wrong. It should be $z^2+zi-1$. I'm not sure how one would arrive here, however. 2. Wait, nevermind. I see it now. Stupid mistake. Sorry. 3. Originally Posted by davismj However, this is wrong. It should be $z^2+zi-1$. I'm not sure how one would...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/134356-logically-equivalent-print.html
# logically equivalent Printable View • March 17th 2010, 06:15 PM questionboy logically equivalent can anyone explain to me how to prove that p → q and not q → not p are logically equivalent without truth tables • March 17th 2010, 08:19 PM Soroban Hello, questionboy! Quote: Prove that $p\to q$ and $\sim\!q \to \;\s...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/26308-minimums.html
# Thread: 1. ## minimums HELP !!! ><>< A printed page of a book is to have side margins of 1cm, a top margin of 2 cm and a bottom margin of 3 cm. IT is to contain 200cm^2 of printed matter, Find the dimensions of the page if the area of the paper used is to be a minimum 2. Originally Posted by chibiusagi HELP !!! >...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/approximation+functions
# Tagged Questions 0answers 133 views ### Approximate a complicated mystery function Let there exist a mystery function ƒ. ƒ accepts exactly 2 arguments, A & B. As B approaches A, ƒ approaches A, at a simple exponential growth rate E. As B approaches 0, ƒ approaches the mean ... 1answer 99 views ### approximating a...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/35605/dynamical-operator-and-sun1
# dynamical operator and $SU(n+1)$ I want to know precisely by example 1. what is dynamical operator? 2. what is the relationship between dynamical operators and the $SU(n+1)$ 3. How to show all the eigen states of a dynamical operator form a complete set of basis vectors of a Hilbert Space?(Any quantum state of a ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/relativity
Tagged Questions The union of special (SR) and general (GR) relativity. Use this tag if both SR and GR apply. 0answers 44 views Homework Help Please? [closed] An electron is accelerated from rest through a voltage drop of .13 MeV, and then travels at constant velocity. a. How long does it take the electron, after i...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/8684/homotopy-pullbacks-and-homotopy-pushouts
## Homotopy pullbacks and homotopy pushouts ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I have a good grasp of ordinary pullbacks and pushouts; in particular, there are many categorical constructions that can be seen as special cases: e.g., equalizers/coeq...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=3856432
Physics Forums ## number sequence 15, 101, 8, 86, 9699 ... I've been struggling with this number sequence for some time now, and i can't find the pattern, can anyone help? the sequence is: 0, 15, 101, 8, 86, 9699, 6008, ... what comes after? any thoughts? I used linear regression to produce$$x_n = \frac{ -20098236...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/30613/what-is-spontaneous-symmetry-breaking-in-quantum-gauge-systems/32575
# What is spontaneous symmetry breaking in QUANTUM GAUGE systems? Wen's question What is spontaneous symmetry breaking in QUANTUM systems? is cute, but here's an even cuter question. What is spontaneous symmetry breaking in QUANTUM GAUGE systems? There are some gauge models where the Higgs phase and the confinement p...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4170568
Physics Forums ## scalar product square matrix hermitian adjoint proof 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data If M is a square matrix, prove: (A, MB) = (adj(M)A, B) where (A, MB) denotes the scalar product of the matrices and adj() is the adjoint (hermitian adjoint, transpose of complex conju...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/07/06/the-radon-nikodym-theorem-statement/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=5092e672ce
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Radon-Nikodym Theorem (Statement) Before the main business, a preliminary lemma: if $\mu$ and $\nu$ are totally finite measures so that $\nu$ is absolutely continuous with respect to $\mu$, and $\nu$ is not identically zero, then there is a positive number $\epsilon$ and a meas...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/177181/how-to-measure-the-volume-of-rock?answertab=oldest
How to measure the volume of rock? I have a object which is similar to the shape of irregular rock like this I would like to find the volume of this. How to do it? If I have to find the volume, what are the things I would need. eg., If it is cylindrical, I would measure length and diameter. But, it is irregularly sh...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/users/14105/mark-mitchison?tab=activity
# Mark Mitchison reputation 112 bio website www3.imperial.ac.uk/… location United Kingdom age member for 7 months seen 2 hours ago profile views 188 Currently doing a PhD in Controlled Quantum Dynamics at Imperial College and the University of Oxford. | | | bio...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-topics/201452-assignment-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Assignment problem If I write a mathematical algorithm. ( something that might become part of a computer program) and I need to assign a value to a variable. I normally just write something like this "set x to something" or "set x=something" But in math you have notations for everything. Is there a n...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/71435/optimizing-with-absolute-value-objective-function
# Optimizing with Absolute Value Objective Function max : $w = |q^T y|$ subject to $A y \leq b$ $y \geq 0$ Please describe how one could solve the non-linear programming prob. above by using linear programming methods. I tried changing $y$ to $y' - y''$ in the constraints and $y' + y''$ for the objective function. H...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/105415?sort=oldest
## What is the theoretical interest of finding closed-form sols. of infinite series? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi, I was reading this when I came across Gourevitch's conjecture. My understanding is that solutions to these series are of ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/144652-surjective-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## Surjective Function Let $X=\mathbb{R}$ then define an equivalence relation $\sim$ on $X$ s.t. $x\sim y$ if and only if $x-y\in\mathbb{Z}$ Show that $X/\sim\cong S^1$ So denoting the elements of $X/\sim$ as $[t]$ The function $f([t])=\exp^{2\pi ti}$ defines a homemorphism. $f([t])$ is continuous ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/banach-algebras+analysis
# Tagged Questions 0answers 62 views ### Open map in Banach algebra I'm having trouble showing a certian function is open and can be extended. Let $\Omega$ be a completely regular topological space and $A=C_b(\Omega)$ the space of all complex-values bounded ... 2answers 94 views ### Banach-algebra homeomorphism. L...
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http://www.wall.org/~aron/blog/fields/
comments on physics and theology Fields by Posted on November 10, 2012 What is the world made out of?  In the most usual formulations of our current best theories of physics, the answer is fields.  What are those? Well, if you know what a function is, you're already most of the way there.  A function, you will reca...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpinski_triangle
# Sierpinski triangle Sierpinski triangle Generated using a random algorithm Sierpinski triangle in logic: The first 16 conjunctions of lexicographically ordered arguments The columns interpreted as binary numbers give 1, 3, 5, 15, 17, 51... (sequence in OEIS) The Sierpinski triangle (also with the original orthograp...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/3527/newtons-cradle/37658
# Newton's cradle Why, when one releases 2 balls in Newton's cradle, two balls on the opposite side bounce out at approximately the same speed as the 1st pair, rather than one ball at higher speed, or 3 balls at lower speed? - ## 6 Answers Contrary to what is stated in many textbooks, energy-momentum conservation a...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4232543
Physics Forums ## Questions on Cross Product First question: a x b = -b x a Why is this so? As I understand, a major purpose of the cross product (if not, the purpose) is to find a third vector that is perpendicular to two other vectors simultaneously. Let's say a x b = c. Shouldn't the answer really be, a x b = +/...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/20426-composite-function.html
Thread: 1. Composite function If $f(x)=\frac{1}{x-1}$ for $x>2$ and $f(x)=x+1$ for $2 \geq x$, find $f(a-2)$ in terms of a. Normally I would simply substitute a in, but I don't know if that is the right way to go about things? I think I should have considered pre-calc a little more carefully before going into calc ...
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http://www.mathclique.com/2012/03/two-step-equation-word-problems.html
## Linkbar ### Two-Step Equation Word Problems Worksheets Two–step equation word problem is a simple word problem involving both multiplying a certain factor to the unknown variable or quantity and either addition or subtraction of a constant to this product. To solve two-step equation word problems, follow the follo...
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http://rip94550.wordpress.com/2009/10/26/color-from-spectrum-to-tristimulus/
# Rip’s Applied Mathematics Blog ## Color: from spectrum to tristimulus October 26, 2009 — rip ## Introduction Edit 30 Oct 2009: This is the first post about an example on p. 160 of Wyszecki & Stiles (see the bibliography). and find another edit about the components wrt the dual basis. End edit. As always, if my ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/84465/semiclassical-expansions-of-eigenvalues-of-schrodinger-operators/89237
## Semiclassical expansions of eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Considering Schrödinger operators $$H(\hbar) = \hbar \Delta + V$$ where $V$ is some potential, perturbation theory tells that the eigenvalues of...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/84549/do-projective-hypersurfaces-contain-projective-toric-varieties/84567
## Do projective hypersurfaces contain projective toric varieties? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there an example of a smooth projective hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^n_k$ ($k=\overline{k}$) that does not contain any projective toric varieti...
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http://terrytao.wordpress.com/tag/ehud-hrushovski/
What’s new Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics. By Terence Tao # Tag Archive You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘Ehud Hrushovski’ tag. ## Reading seminar 4: “Stable group theory and approximate subgroups”, by Ehud Hrushovski 5 No...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/110345/does-a-power-series-converging-everywhere-on-its-circle-of-convergence-define-a-c
## Does a power series converging everywhere on its circle of convergence define a continuous function? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Consider a complex power series $\sum a_n z^n \in \mathbb C[[z]]$ with radius of convergence $0\lt r\lt\inft...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/192136-null-space-matrix-similar-columns.html
# Thread: 1. ## Null space for Matrix with similar columns Hi, I just read that the null space for the following matrix [1 0 1; 5 4 9; 2 4 6] is the line of all points x = c, y = c, z = -c. I was wondering what the null space for the matrix with three similar columns would be e.g. [1 1 1; 0 0 0; 0 0 0] (c, -c, ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/109411/are-there-any-fake-3-tori
## Are there any fake 3-tori? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hsiang, W.-c.; Shaneson, J. L. Fake tori, the annulus conjecture, and the conjectures of Kirby. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 62 1969 687–691. The paper above classified all fake tor...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/10400/list
## Return to Question 3 added 2 characters in body Although the question is easy to pose, I think some background will help to motivate it, so I'll start with it. Consider variables $X=(X_1, \ldots, X_n)$ over a field $K$ and the elementary symmetric functions $T=(T_1, \ldots, T_n)$ in $X$. In other words $X$ are th...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/94428-show-area-large-square-diagram-can-written-x-y.html
Thread: 1. Show that the area of the large square in the diagram can be written as (x+y)², and.. Show that the area of the large square in the diagram can be written as (x+y)², and also as z²+2xy? HERE IS THE DIAGRAM http://img43.imageshack.us/img43/9428/trig.png Do not use pythagoras theorem. b) Show how these re...
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http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/index.php?title=User:Michiexile/MATH198/Lecture_10&diff=31701&oldid=31626
User:Michiexile/MATH198/Lecture 10 From HaskellWiki (Difference between revisions) Line 1: Line 1: IMPORTANT NOTE: THESE NOTES ARE STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT. ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/32689?sort=votes
## How should a homotopy theorist think about sheaf cohomology? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) As a student of homotopy theory or algebraic topology, I have a certain outlook as to how one ought to think of a cohomology theory. There are axiom...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/3081/why-cant-a-piece-of-paper-of-non-zero-thickness-be-folded-more-than-n-times
# Why can't a piece of paper (of non-zero thickness) be folded more than “n” times? Updated: "In order to fold anything in half, it must be `π` times longer than its thickness, and that depending on how something is folded, the amount its length decreases with each fold differs." – Britney Gallivan, the person who de...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/227515/the-product-of-digits-equal-to-the-sum-of-digits/227532
# The product of digits equal to the sum of digits How to find the number(or numbers ) that has $4$ digits, the product of these digits equal to the sum of these digits ? - Not sure what does this have to do with the number itself? You are just looking for 4 digits that summed or multiplied give the same result? – gt...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/estimation+probability
# Tagged Questions 1answer 40 views ### Transforming the distance value from a center, to a probability value Let $c_i$ be the center of a micro-cluster (i.e. we have many centers representing some fragments of clusters). Let $c_1$ be the center which is the closest to a new data-point $x$, such that ... 0answers 49...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/78788/dimension-of-moduli-space-in-lagrangian-floer-homology
## Dimension of moduli space in Lagrangian Floer homology ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $(M,\omega)$ be symplectic manifold with $\omega=c_{1}=0$ on $\pi_{2}M$. Let $\Lambda\subseteq M$ be Lagrangian submanifold. Let $H:M\times S^{1}\righ...
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http://cms.math.ca/Events/summer12/abs/car
2012 CMS Summer Meeting Regina Inn and Ramada Hotels (Regina~Saskatchewan), June 2 - 4, 2012 www.cms.math.ca//Events/summer12 Cluster Algebras and Related Topics Org: Ralf Schiffler (Connecticut) and Hugh Thomas (UNB) [PDF] IBRAHIM ASSEM, Université de Sherbrooke On the first Hochschild cohomology group of a cluster...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/107647-proving-ratio-test-fails.html
# Thread: 1. ## Proving the ratio test fails. Can anyone prove that the ratio test is inconclusive when $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} |\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_{n}}| = 1,$ or $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} |\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_{n}}| DNE.$ 2. For the first one take $a_n= \frac{1}{n}$ and $b_n= \frac{1}{n^2}$ both limits are 1, b...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/143330-bijection.html
# Thread: 1. ## Bijection Prove that there is a bijection between (0,1) and (b,infinity) for any real number b. A function is needed. I've though about the function f(x)=b/x but it won't work if b<=0. Any idea? 2. Originally Posted by TitaniumX Prove that there is a bijection between (0,1) and (b,infinity) for any ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45027/time-contraction
# Time Contraction This is my first time posting on this site. I am a computer programmer that stumbled across a physics text book and have a question on special relativity. So firstly, I understand that there is no preferential inertial frame of reference. Secondly, as a A body travels faster relative to another body...
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http://nrich.maths.org/public/leg.php?code=149&cl=3&cldcmpid=6853
# Search by Topic #### Resources tagged with Area similar to History of Trigonometry - Part 2: Filter by: Content type: Stage: Challenge level: ##### Other tags that relate to History of Trigonometry - Part 2 Area. Mathematical reasoning & proof. Mixed trig ratios. Countability. Famous mathematicians. History of me...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/3611/why-does-a-ballerina-speed-up-when-she-pulls-in-her-arms?answertab=active
# Why does a ballerina speed up when she pulls in her arms? My friend thinks it's because she has less air resistance but I'm not sure. - ## 4 Answers This is a fairly long answer, but I thought it would be fun to analyze the skater thinking solely about forces. Angular momentum comes in at the end, when it pops up...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/79283/dimension-of-a-span-of-matrix-powers
# Dimension of a span of matrix powers Let $A \in M^{C}_{n\times n}$ be a square matrix with a minimal polynomial of degree $k$. What would be $\dim(\mathrm{Span}\{I,A,A^{2},A^{3},...\})$? I think it's $k$ but I'm not sure exactly how to prove it. - Wouldn't it be nice if the span you are interested in were isomorph...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/123055/orthogonal-base-in-unimodular-lattice/123065
## orthogonal base in unimodular lattice ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $\Lambda$ be an unimodular lattice with a quadratic form $(-,-)$ of signature $(m,n)$ , $m,n>0$. I know that, fixed a base $e_1,\cdots,e_{m+n}$ for $\Lambda$, the mat...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/250222/indecomposable-l-module
# Indecomposable L-module I have the following exercice which I have be trying to solve: Let L be a Lie algebra and $r:L\rightarrow gl_3(F)$ a representation of L such that $im(r)=t_3(F)$ (the upper triangular matrices). Show that the L-module associated is indecomposable. Thank you very much for your help! - What...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/36609-finding-distance-between-parallel-lines.html
# Thread: 1. ## Finding The Distance Between Parallel Lines...? How do you find the distance between the two parallel lines: y = 4x+6 y = 4x-9 A lot of people think it's 15, which sounds plausible, but the answer REALLY is 3.64. My teacher says so. My textbook says so. But I don't know how to arrive at that answer ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credible_interval
# Credible interval Bayesian statistics Theory Techniques Uses In Bayesian statistics, a credible interval (or Bayesian confidence interval) is an interval in the domain of a posterior probability distribution used for interval estimation.[1] The generalisation to multivariate problems is the credible region. Credibl...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/17400/estimator-of-mu-for-gaussian-variable-with-penalty
# Estimator of mu for gaussian variable with penalty I have a question about the following problem: estimate $\mu=\mu_1,...\mu_n$ when $Y_i \sim N(\mu_i,\sigma^2)$ using a ridge like penalty $$\min_\mu \sum_i(Y_i-\mu_i)^2 + \lambda\sum_i\mu_i^2$$ I have calculated the closed form decomposition of the generalized cro...
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http://www.territorioscuola.com/wikipedia/en.wikipedia.php?title=Symmetry
More results on: Download PDF files on: Download Word files on: Images on: Video/Audio on: Download PowerPoint on: More results from.edu web: Map (if applicable) of: Symmetry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia # Symmetry For other uses, see Symmetry (disambiguation). Sphere symmetrical group o. Leonardo da Vi...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Bad Language I know I’ve been really lazy about my blogroll, and I should get around to that sometime. But there’s a new one I have to point out right away: The Language of Bad Physics (as noted in the comments, now on WordPress at this address). Like Frank Costanza on Festivus, sh...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/geometry/153725-finding-internal-angles-polygon.html
# Thread: 1. ## Finding the internal angles of a polygon Hi there, This might seem a simple question, but I suck at maths. I need to cut some ply to fill a gap behind my boat kitchen and I have measured the lengths of the sides. I'd like to have the angles to help me draw a decent template to cut from, but I'm not s...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/51875/current-without-voltage-and-voltage-without-current?answertab=oldest
# Current without Voltage and Voltage without Current? At school I've always learned that you can view Current and Voltage like this: The current is the flow of charge per second and the Voltage is how badly the current 'wants' to flow. But I'm having some trouble with this view. How can we have a Voltage without a ...
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http://noncommutativegeometry.blogspot.com/2012/07/operatorscalar-fusion-in-finite.html
# Noncommutative geometry ## Wednesday, July 11, 2012 ### Operator/scalar fusion in finite characteristic and remarkable formulae Let $E$ be a curve of genus $1$ over the rational field $\mathbf Q$. One of the glories of mathematics is the discovery that (upon choosing a fixed rational point "$\mathbf O$") $E$ comes...
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http://www.reference.com/browse/light-quantum
Definitions # photon [foh-ton] /ˈfoʊtɒn/ or light quantum Minute energy packet of electromagnetic radiation. In 1900 Max Planck found that heat radiation is emitted and absorbed in distinct units, which he called quanta. In 1905 Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect, proposing the existence of discrete ...
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http://www.sagemath.org/doc/reference/plane_curves/sage/schemes/elliptic_curves/ell_number_field.html
# Elliptic curves over number fields¶ An elliptic curve $$E$$ over a number field $$K$$ can be given by a Weierstrass equation whose coefficients lie in $$K$$ or by using base_extend on an elliptic curve defined over a subfield. One major difference to elliptic curves over $$\QQ$$ is that there might not exist a glob...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/beam?sort=votes&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions The beam tag has no wiki summary. 0answers 151 views ### Mirrors and light beam divergence technology limits There are many applications for orbital space mirrors in astronomy (better telescopes) and space propulsion (solar power for deep space probes), but this is limited by the minimum beam div...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjective
# Surjective function (Redirected from Surjective) "Onto" redirects here. For other uses, see wikt:onto. A surjective function from domain X to codomain Y. The function is surjective because every point in the codomain is the value of f(x) for at least one point x in the domain. In mathematics, a function f from a se...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_New_Kind_of_Science
# A New Kind of Science A New Kind of Science Author(s) Stephen Wolfram Country US Language English Publisher Wolfram Media Publication date 2002 Media type Print Pages 1197 ISBN ISBN 1-57955-008-8 A New Kind of Science is a best-selling,[1] controversial book by Stephen Wolfram, published in 2002. It contains an emp...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/11373/relationship-between-subrings-and-ideals
# Relationship between subrings and ideals I just want to make sure that I understand these two objects correctly. Let $R$ be a ring. A subset $R'\subseteq R$ is a subring provided $R'$ is an additive subgroup that is closed with respect to multiplication. A subset $I\subseteq R$ is an ideal provided $I$ is an addit...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/128797/having-trouble-understanding-the-concept-of-mixing-in-dynamical-systems/128870
# Having trouble understanding the concept of “mixing” in dynamical systems. I'm trying to understand the concept of mixing in dynamical systems theory, especially when the system in question has a measure-preserving flow. Here's how the condition is expressed mathematically: If $\mu$ is the measure and $\phi$ is the ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/142222-strange-question-improper-integrals.html
Thread: 1. Strange question with improper integrals First off, the limits of integration are both infinites, and I've only worked with one so far, with the other being a number. What changes? And finally, the exponent within the exponent of e throws me off. There's a way to integrate that entire thing using substitu...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-math-topics/30897-can-we.html
# Thread: 1. ## Can we? Can we simplify the following fraction as :- $(\frac{x^2 + 3xy + 2}{x^2 + y^2 +2}) = 0$ $(x^2 + y^2 +2) * (\frac{x^2 + 3xy + 2}{x^2 + y^2 +2}) = 0 * (x^2 + y^2 +2)$ $<br /> x^2 + 3xy + 2 = 0$ and then further simplification.... A friend of mine was contradicting this approach and was sayin...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/57166/computational-software-in-algebraic-topology
## Computational software in Algebraic Topology? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I was wondering if there is any good software out there that allows you to do specific computations in algebraic topology. For example: • Create a simplicial comp...
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