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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/22796/compare-the-difference-of-two-probabilities-or-a-ratio-of-probabilities
# Compare the difference of two probabilities or a ratio of probabilities? In an experiment with continuous-value random variable, e.g. measuring length of cucumbers. I would like to compare the probability of getting a particular length range in two different conditions. e.g. $P1=P(0.1<L<0.2, fertilizer A)$, $P2=P(0....
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/143698/topology-of-the-tangent-bundle-of-a-smooth-manifold?answertab=oldest
# Topology of the tangent bundle of a smooth manifold I am having trouble to understand what topology is given to the tangent bundle of a smooth manifold that allows it to be a smooth manifold itself. In my understanding, among other things the topology must be second countable and Hausdorff. The definition of the tan...
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http://patternsinpractice.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/guess-check-generalize-and-the-scrubbing-calculator/
#### Patterns in Practice the blog of the Mathematical Practices Institute # Guess-Check-Generalize and the Scrubbing Calculator June 2, 2011 Several other blogs have been talking about Bret Victor’s Kill Math website, including its Scrubbing Calculator.  I’d like to talk about how the Scrubbing Calculator is both ...
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http://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/2748/why-is-the-time-dimension-special
# Why is the time dimension special? Generally speaking, I've heard numerical analysts utter the opinion that "Of course, mathematically speaking, time is just another dimension, but still, time is special" How to justify this? In what sense is time special for computational science? Moreover, why do we so often pr...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/6583/can-gravity-be-described-in-terms-of-velocities-and-rotations-of-local-minkowski
# Can Gravity be described in terms of velocities and rotations of local Minkowski space? In the paper The River Model of Black Holes: Am.J.Phys.76:519-532,2008, Andrew J. S. Hamilton, Jason P. Lisle http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0411060 The authors give a way of describing the action of a rotating (and or charged) black...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/156810-analysis-subsequential-limits.html
# Thread: 1. ## Analysis subsequential limits I need to prove i) lim n to infinity sup Sn is an element of SL(Sn) ii) same thing but replace sup with inf I know SL(Sn) is the set of all limits of all convergent subsequences of Sn. Also, lim n to infinity sup Sn can be defined as sup SL(Sn) So it may be easier to ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-applied-math/9471-gas-liquid-pressure-temperature-density.html
# Thread: 1. ## Gas/Liquid pressure from temperature and density How can I calculate a gas' or a liquid's pressure from it's density and it's temperature? For example, for air, I suppose the pressure $p\$ and the density $\rho$ is proportional, $p\ \propto\ \rho$. Is this true? That would mean that since the unit of ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/239189/a-theorem-on-transient-and-recurrent-state-in-a-dtmc?answertab=oldest
# a theorem on transient and recurrent state in a DTMC Is the following statement true: In a finite Markov chain, if $i$ is a transient state then there is at least one recurrent state $j$ such that $j$ is reachable from $i$. - ## 2 Answers I'm not sure if your looking for an algebraic proof, but intuitively I was...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/52907/wheres-the-energy-in-a-boosted-capacitor
Where's the energy in a boosted capacitor? Suppose I look at a parallel plate capacitor in its rest frame and calculate the electrostatic energy, $E$. Next, I look at the same capacitor in a primed frame boosted in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the plates. In this frame, the $E$-field is the same streng...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/46782/projecting-projective-curves
# Projecting Projective Curves I've been stuck for quite a while on what is probably a trivial problem. Let $X\subset\mathbb{P}^n$ be a smooth projective curve, and let $$\mathcal{I}=\{(p,q,r):p,q\in X,p\neq q,r\in\overline{pq}\}$$ (where $\overline{pq}$ is the line that joins $p$ and $q$) and let $$\mathcal{J}=\{(p,r...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/41605-convergence-hilbert-spaces.html
# Thread: 1. ## convergence in Hilbert spaces I have the following problem: Let X be a Hilbert space with the inner product <.|.> Let $C_n \in C(X)$ be a family of compact operators that converges in the norm to operator C. Let $(x_n)_n$ be a sequence that converges weakly to $x_0$ Does < $C_n x_n | x_n$> converge?...
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http://leftcensored.skepsi.net/2012/01/26/filtering-a-list-with-the-filter-higher-order-function/
Where to begin… Filtering a list with the Filter higher-order function Posted on January 26, 2012 by Last week markbulling over at Drunks & Lampposts posted a method of using `sapply` to filter a list by a predicate. Today the @RLangTip tip of the day was to use `sapply` similarly. This made makes me wonder if R‘s v...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/5283?sort=oldest
## Are there Generalisations of a Limit (for Just-divergent Sequences)? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) There are certain sequences such as 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ... that do not converge, but that may be assigned a generalised limit. Such a...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/281593/n-1th-fibonacci-number-modulo-n
# $n +1$th Fibonacci number modulo $n$ The Pisano period studies the $n$th Fibonacci number $F_{n}$ modulo $n$. Is there anything about $F_{n + 1} \pmod n$? - 2 The Pisano period studies th $n$th Fibonacci number modulo $m$. The module is unrelated to the index as far as the pisano period is concerned - the period i...
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http://nrich.maths.org/6659
### Lunar Leaper Gravity on the Moon is about 1/6th that on the Earth. A pole-vaulter 2 metres tall can clear a 5 metres pole on the Earth. How high a pole could he clear on the Moon? ### Which Twin Is Older? A simplified account of special relativity and the twins paradox. ### Whoosh A ball whooshes down a slide ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9219/can-spin-be-infinite/9478
# Can spin be infinite? Can spin of a particle or a group of particles become infinity?Explain plz.Is there any representation for spins like dot(for s=0) and arrow(for s=1)?If so what for s= infinity? - please don't use capslock (I changed the question title) – Mark Eichenlaub Apr 28 '11 at 4:52 ok.thanx for changi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/2111/how-long-a-straw-could-superman-use/2139
# How long a straw could Superman use? To suck water through a straw, you create a partial vacuum in your lungs. Water rises through the straw until the pressure in the straw at the water level equals atmospheric pressure. This corresponds to drinking water through a straw about ten meters long at maximum. By taping ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/49917/what-is-resonance-width-why-we-use-it-to-distinguish-different-regimes-of-the-a
# What is Resonance Width? Why we use it to distinguish different Regimes of the Anderson Model The single inpurity Anderson Hamiltonian is $H=\sum_{\sigma}\epsilon_{\sigma}n_{d,\sigma}+Un_{d,\uparrow}n_{d,\downarrow}+\sum_{k,\sigma}\epsilon_{k}c_{k,\sigma}^{+}c_{k,\sigma}+\sum_{k,\sigma}(V_{k}c_{d,\sigma}^+c_{k,\sigm...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?s=0e9396f867ed4a7661124cc1417d0819&p=4077625
Physics Forums Fluid dynamics, friction and pressure Hello, this is not homework, I am trying to derive some physics results using intuition, I am currently looking at some fluid dynamics problems. Consider a water droplet on a frictionless horizontal plane, subject to gravity. The cross-section of the droplet would...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/262049/a-non-well-ordered-set-where-principle-of-transfinite-induction-holds
# A non-well-ordered set where principle of transfinite induction holds? A theorem in my textbook says: Let $(A, < )$ be a totally ordered set. Set A has a least element and principle of transfinite induction holds in A if and only if A is well ordered. I understand why you need an assumption that A has a least elem...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/117189/evaluation-of-lim-n-rightarrow-infty-left-e-nanb-right-when-a
# Evaluation of $\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\left( e^{-na}n^{b}\right)$ when $a > 0, b > 0$ Does $$\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\left( e^{-na}n^{b}\right)$$ evaluate to $\infty$ when $a > 0, b > 0$. I tried the expansion of $e^{-na}$ but could not shake of n from numerators. - Think of the expression as $n^b\over e...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/16098/complexity-of-testing-integer-square-freeness/16108
## Complexity of testing integer square-freeness ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) How fast can an algorithm tell if an integer is square-free? I am interested in both deterministic and randomized algorithms. I also care about both unconditional...
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http://terrytao.wordpress.com/tag/kakeya-conjecture/
What’s new Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics. By Terence Tao # Tag Archive You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘Kakeya conjecture’ tag. ## The two-ends reduction for the Kakeya maximal conjecture 15 May, 2009 in math.CA, math.CO...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/64370?sort=newest
## Simplest examples of rings that are not isomorphic to their opposites ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) What are the simplest examples of rings that are not isomorphic to their opposite rings? Is there a science to constructing them? ## The o...
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http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl's_inequality
# Weyl's inequality In mathematics, there are at least two results known as "Weyl's inequality". ## Weyl's inequality in number theory In number theory, Weyl's inequality, named for Hermann Weyl, states that if M, N, a and q are integers, with a and q coprime, q > 0, and f is a real polynomial of degree k whose lead...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetostatics
# Magnetostatics Electromagnetism Magnetostatics Scientists Magnetostatics is the study of magnetic fields in systems where the currents are steady (not changing with time). It is the magnetic analogue of electrostatics, where the charges are stationary. The magnetization need not be static; the equations of magnetos...
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http://cust-serv@ams.org/bookstore?fn=20&arg1=whatsnew&ikey=MEMO-222-1045
New Titles  |  FAQ  |  Keep Informed  |  Review Cart  |  Contact Us Quick Search (Advanced Search ) Browse by Subject General Interest Logic & Foundations Number Theory Algebra & Algebraic Geometry Discrete Math & Combinatorics Ana...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/classical-mechanics+momentum
# Tagged Questions 2answers 72 views ### Conservation of Linear Momentum at the point of collision This is a pretty basic conceptual question about the conservation of linear momentum. Consider an isolated system of 2 fixed-mass particles of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ moving toward each other with ... 4answers 198 views...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/55945/find-greatest-value-of-an-angle?answertab=active
# Find greatest value of an angle I am not sure how to go about the last bit of this problem. With respect to an origin $O$, the points $P$ and $Q$ have variable position vectors $p$ and $q$ respectively, given by, $$\begin{align} p &= (\cos t)i + (\sin t)j - k \\ q &= (\cos 2t)i - (sin 2t)j + \frac12k \end{align}$$ ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/53602/what-is-movement-through-time/53603
# What is movement through time? [duplicate] This question already has an answer here: • What is the speed of time 1 answer In general, when I think of movement through space, I think of this: $$\frac{dx}{dt}$$ But in special relativity, we also have a concept of relative duration, which means that $t$ must have a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/132834-fixed-point-theorem.html
# Thread: 1. ## fixed point theorem Prove that for every function $f: \omega_1 \rightarrow \omega_1$, there is a $\beta \in \omega_1$ such that $f[\beta] \subseteq \beta$. Hint: A fixed point theorem may be useful. We may us the Countable Principle of Choice, but not the Axiom of Choice. 2. Are you referring to Kna...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/91246/other-homology-theories-still-count-holes/91264
## Other Homology Theories still Count Holes? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) This may be a naive question, but since first learning homology I considered it as a tool which counts appropriate holes in your space (on top of orientation and tors...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/62144?sort=votes
## Are the Millennium Prize Problems all decidable? [closed] ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I am an inexperienced logician, so I may be completely missing something major in this question. I also may be misconstruing the idea of decidability. ...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/31624/cross-validation-and-prediction-for-unknown-data
# Cross validation and prediction for unknown data How do we build a model, cross validate it and use it to predict for unknown data? Say I have a known dataset of 100 points. Steps for 10 fold cross-validation are- 1. Divide the data randomly into training and test datasets in a ratio of 90:10 2. Make a model on th...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/angular-velocity+angular-momentum
Tagged Questions 0answers 44 views Closed-form equation for orientation and angular velocity over time If a rigid body, rotating freely in 3d, experiences no friction or other external forces and has an initially diagonal inertia matrix $\mathbf{I}_0$ (with $I_{11}>I_{22}>I_{33}>0$) and ... 1answer 100 views Appear...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-applied-math/175314-question-curl-cross-product.html
Thread: 1. Question in Curl of a cross product. $\nabla X (\vec A X \vec B) \;=\; (\vec B \cdot \nabla)\vec A - \vec B(\nabla \cdot \vec A) -(\vec A \cdot \nabla)\vec B + \vec A ( \nabla \cdot \vec B)$. What is $\vec A \cdot \nabla$? 2. Have they told you what $\displaystyle \mathbf{A}$ and $\displaystyle \mathbf{B...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/64543/showing-bary-rightarrow-mu-have-i-done-enough-converges-in-probability
# Showing $\bar{y} \rightarrow \mu$ Have I done enough? Converges in probability From the title I'm supposed to show $\bar{y} \rightarrow \mu$ (converges in probability) where $$y_t = \mu + u_t$$ $$u_t = \rho u_{t-2} + \epsilon_t$$$$E(\epsilon) = 0, E(\epsilon^2) = \sigma^2, E(\epsilon_t\epsilon_s) = 0, 0 \leq \rho \l...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/39005/finite-extension-of-mathbb-q-p
# Finite extension of $\mathbb Q_p$ Let $\mathbb K/\mathbb Q_p$ be a finite extension of $p-$adic field $\mathbb Q_p$. Let ${\mathcal O}=\{x\in K\;:\;|x|\leq1\}$ and ${\mathcal P}=\{x\in K:\;|x|<1\}$, here $|\cdot|$ is the absolute value. Show that the quotient ring $\mathcal O/\mathcal P$ is a finite field. What is t...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/4068/formalizing-quantum-field-theory
# Formalizing Quantum Field Theory I'm wondering about current efforts to provide mathematical foundations and more solid definition for quantum field theories. I am aware of such efforts in the context of the simpler topological or conformal field theories, and of older approaches such as algebraic QFT, and the class...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4200357
Physics Forums Thread Closed Page 1 of 2 1 2 > several questions in electromagnetics I went through the book of engineering electromagnetics and I have several questions I dont understand. 1. If the line integral of electrical field is not zero at the existence of changing magnetic field, then how can KVL hol...
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Ricci_flow
# All Science Fair Projects ## Science Fair Project Encyclopedia for Schools! Search    Browse    Forum  Coach    Links    Editor    Help    Tell-a-Friend    Encyclopedia    Dictionary # Science Fair ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/54895/nanotube-chiral-angle-as-a-function-of-n-and-m/54898
# Nanotube chiral angle as a function of $n$ and $m$ I'm looking into nanotubes and I thought I'd assure myself that the basic geometry equations are indeed correct. No problems for the radius, I quickly found the known formula: $$R = \sqrt{3(n^2+m^2+nm)}\frac{d_{CC}}{2\pi}$$ if $d_{CC}$ is the carbon bond length. ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/6780?sort=newest
## Triangle-free Lemma ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Theorem (Triangle-free Lemma). For all $\eta>0$ there exists $c > 0$ and $n_0$ so that every graph $G$ on $n>n_0$ vertices, which contains at most $cn^3$ triangles can be made triangle free...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/29875/applying-nabla-times-mathbfb-mu-0-mathbfj-in-the-presence-of-magnetic?answertab=votes
Applying $\nabla\times\mathbf{B} = \mu_0\mathbf{J}$ in the presence of magnetic shielding 2012-06-13 - Revised question in experimental format (This is a thought experiment for which RF experts may have an immediate answer.) I'll assume (I could be wrong) the possibility of creating a strongly insulating material wi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/wavefunction+operators
# Tagged Questions 1answer 48 views ### Question about the linearity of wave functions For piece-wise constant potential, the potential energy is constant so the time dependent wave function can take the form $\psi(x,t)=C_1e^{i(kx- \omega t)}+C_2e^{i(-kx-\omega t)}$ where ... 1answer 128 views ### Once I have the e...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/48800/list
## Return to Answer 3 typos It is easy to make counterexamples examples of such subrings. For example, take $A=k[x,y]$ and consider the subring $$B=k[x^a y^b : 0\le \frac{b}{a}<\sqrt{2}].$$Geometrically, $B$ is spanned by monomials whose exponent vectors lie below the line $y=\sqrt{2}x$. I think your question is mo...
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http://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/3263/graphs-that-cause-dfs-and-bfs-to-process-nodes-in-the-exact-same-order
# Graphs that cause DFS and BFS to process nodes in the exact same order For some graphs, DFS and BFS search algorithms process nodes in the exact same order provided that they both start at the same node. Two examples are graphs that are paths and graphs that are star-shaped (trees of depth $1$ with an arbitrary numb...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/30869/exercise-qft-and-cft?answertab=votes
# Exercise QFT and CFT Consider the action functional $S[z;t_1,t_2]=\int_{t_1}^{t^2}[g(z,\bar{z})\dot{z}\dot{\bar{z}}]^{\frac{1}{2}}dt$ with $z(t)$ a complex path with end points $z_i=z(t_i),\; i=1,2$. $g(z,\bar{z})$ is a positive real function on $H=\{z\in C: Im(z)>0\}$. After some easy questions the exercise asks...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2497/what-is-the-biggest-number-ever-used-in-a-mathematical-proof/181085
# What is the biggest number ever used in a mathematical proof? Probably a proof (if any exist) that calls upon Knuth's up-arrow notation or Busy Beaver. - 5 – Qiaochu Yuan Aug 15 '10 at 4:44 1 This should be community wiki. Perhaps closed – Casebash Aug 15 '10 at 6:34 1 Infinity $\infty$ is used in lots of proofs...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/21278/discrete-point-particles-stress-energy-tensor/21700
# Discrete point particles stress energy tensor I am trying to solve an exercise in Sean Carroll's GR book "Spacetime and Geometry". Basically we need to derive the stress-energy tensor of a perfect fluid (ie $T^{\mu\nu}=(\rho +p)U^{\mu}U^{\nu} + p\eta^{\mu\nu}$) from the stress-energy tensor of a discrete set of part...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/29649/list
## Return to Answer 3 Added a sentence about the initial question near the beginning. There might be many ways to prove a variety has rational singularities. I certainly agree with Zsolt's comment above that you should be careful with your notation, Kov\'acs theorem refers to a $Y \to X$ and above you mention $X \su...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=134791
Physics Forums ## Dissociation of H2O due to Photon energy. I can't figure out how to do this question: Given that the rate of energetic photons is striking Venus at about 10^30 per second and the age of the solar system is about 10^17 seconds, estimate the total mass of water that could have been lost from Venus sin...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/26461/are-the-stiefel-whitney-classes-of-the-tangent-bundle-determined-by-the-mod-2-coh
## Are the stiefel-Whitney classes of the tangent bundle determined by the mod 2 cohomology? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $G=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. Let $f\colon L \to N$ be a smooth map of connected smooth closed $n$-dimensional manifo...
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http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/applets/SecretaryExperiment.html
### The Secretary Experiment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|-...
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http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Continuum_mechanics/Thermodynamics_of_continua
# Continuum mechanics/Thermodynamics of continua From Wikiversity ## Governing Equations The equations that govern the thermomechanics of a solid include the balance laws for mass, momentum, and energy. Kinematic equations and constitutive relations are needed to complete the system of equations. Physical restrictio...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/harmonic-analysis+harmonic-functions
# Tagged Questions 2answers 103 views ### Mean Value Property of Harmonic Function on a Square A friend of mine presented me the following problem a couple days ago: Let $S$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ be a square and $u$ a continuous harmonic function on the closure of $S$. Show that the average of ... 1answer 24 views ### ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/4071/popular-depictions-of-electromagnetic-wave-is-there-an-error/4090
# Popular depictions of electromagnetic wave: is there an error? Here are some depictions of electromagnetic wave, similar to the depictions in other places: Isn't there an error? It is logical to presume that the electric field should have maximum when magnetic field is at zero and vise versa, so that there is no mo...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/181026/group-cohomology-of-finite-groups
Group cohomology of finite groups I wonder if the group cohomology of a finite group $G$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$ is finite. This statement may be too strong. I am interested in, for instance, dihedral group. $$G=D_{2n}=\langle a,b | \ a^n=b^2=abab=e \rangle$$ Assume that $a$ acts trivially and $b$ acts as $-...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/46998/maximum-points-of-intersection-between-a-circle-and-rectangle
# maximum points of intersection between a circle and rectangle I had today this mathematical question: What is the maximum number of points of intersection between a circle and a rectangle such that the length of the rectangle is greater than the circle's diameter, and its width is less than the circle's diameter? ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/newtonian-mechanics?page=1&sort=votes&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions Newtonian mechanics covers the discussion of the movement of classical bodies under the influence of forces by making use of Newton’s three laws. For more general discussion of energy, momentum conservation etc., use classical-mechanics, for Newton’s description of gravity, use newtonian-gravity. 7...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/13844/heaviest-convex-polygon
Heaviest Convex Polygon Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Suppose we have an arbitrary function $f : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}$. For any subset $s \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$, we can define $g_f(s)$ as the integral* of $f$ over the region $s$. Suppose ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/2617-too-much-money-please-help-print.html
# Too much money!!!!!!! Please help! Printable View • April 20th 2006, 04:54 AM Slipknotfanatic89 In a country whose currency consists of \$6 bills and \$11 bills, the price of every item sold is a whole number of dollars that can be be paid (exactly) using these two types of bills. What is the largest whole number o...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/94841?sort=newest
## Group PGL(2,p) where p is prime ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there solvable group $G$ such that prime graph $G$ equal to prime graph $PGL(2,p)$ and $|G|=|PSL(2,p)|$? - Why not remind us what the prime graph is. – Derek Holt Apr 22 20...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasure_code
# Erasure code In information theory, an erasure code is a forward error correction (FEC) code for the binary erasure channel, which transforms a message of k symbols into a longer message (code word) with n symbols such that the original message can be recovered from a subset of the n symbols. The fraction r = k/n is...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/8793/compute-integral-of-a-lebesgue-measurable-set?answertab=oldest
# Compute integral of a Lebesgue measurable set Let $B \subset [0,2\pi]$ be a Lebesgue measurable set. Prove that: $\displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty} \int_{B} \cos(nx) dx = 0$ OK I did this assuming B is an open interval, this is pretty easy using the fact that the sine function is bounded by 1. Now I'm stuck in the...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/97469-trigonometry-question.html
# Thread: 1. ## Trigonometry Question If Sin[x] + Sin[x]^2 + Sin[x]^3 == 1 Find Cos[x]^6 + 4 Cos[x]^4 + 8 Cos[x]^2 Any help/solution would be appreciated. Thanks. 2. Is this the correct problem? $\sin(x)+\sin^2(x)+\sin^3(x)=1$ $\cos^6(x)+4cos^4(x)+8cos^2(x)$ 3. Originally Posted by adkinsjr Is this the correct p...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/17343/what-is-the-speed-of-a-divergent-series/17354
# what is the speed of a divergent series? How to characterize the speed of a divergent series ? I have a divergent series with a parameter $x$ in it. How can i characterize the speed of divergence for different $x$ ? - While there are various rates of convergence, based on big-O, little-o, etc. notations, it will n...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/5720/list
Return to Answer 2 Improved several things; added 16 characters in body You also have the rather new field of Leavitt Path Algebras (in which I happen to be working right now), where you take a field $K$ and a directed graph $E$, generate its extended graph $E'$ (add to $E$ its own edges reversed, denoted as $e^*$ fo...
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http://alanrendall.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/influenza-vaccines/
# Hydrobates A mathematician thinks aloud ## Influenza vaccines I have recently been reading about influenza vaccines and I am summarizing some of the information I found here. I start with some remarks on the classification of influenza viruses. The first distinction is between influenza A and influenza B viruses. ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/108895/total-variation-distance-between-a-poisson-and-a-distribution-with-known-mean-var
## Total variation distance between a Poisson and a distribution with known mean/variance ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Suppose that $\mu$ is the law of a Poisson distribution of mean 1, and that $\nu$ is the law of an unknown distribution on...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/49348?sort=votes
## What is the simplest, most elementary proof that a particular number is transcendental? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I teach, among many other things, a class of wonderful and inquisitive 7th graders. We've recently been studying and disc...
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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithms/Greedy_Algorithms
# Algorithms/Greedy Algorithms The latest reviewed version was checked on 21 April 2013. There are 4 pending changes awaiting review. Top, Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A In the backtracking algorithms we looked at, we saw algorithms that found decision points and recursed over all options from that decision ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/88014/list
## Return to Question 2 added 266 characters in body; edited body Let $M$ be a commutative monoid with zero. Then the condition $M^* = M \setminus {0}$ is very similar to the condition for a commutative ring to be a field. This analogy is also used in the work "Schemes over $\mathbb{F}_1$ and Zeta functions" by Conne...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/5283/de-sitter-cosmologic-limit?answertab=votes
# de sitter cosmologic limit It has been said that our universe is going to eventually become a de sitter universe. Expansion will accelerate until their relative speed become higher than the speed of light. So i want to understand what happens after this point: so from our point of view, we see a progressively shrin...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/75756/example-of-a-simple-pole?answertab=oldest
# Example of a simple pole I was told that $\operatorname{sech} x$ has a simple pole. Could someone please explain what that means? I have looked up the definition but it involves too much jargon like holomorphic, etc. Is there a simple definition and why is this true? Thanks. - 2 For an even simpler example of a si...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/180945-joint-probability-distribution-function-two-r-vs.html
# Thread: 1. ## Joint probability distribution of function of two r.vs If X and Y are independent standard random variables, determine the joint density function of $U=X, V=\frac{X}{Y}$ Then use your result to show that $\frac{X}{Y}$ is a Cauchy distribution. I get: $f(x,y)=f_X(x)f_Y(y)$ $\\\\\\= \frac{1}{2\pi}e^{-...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/50986/need-help-in-simplifying-the-root-of-a-cubic?answertab=votes
# Need help in simplifying the root of a cubic I have this not so great looking cubic polynomial in $x$: $$(a - b)^6 + 3 (a - b)^4 (-a^2 c - b^2 d) x + 3 (a - b)^2 (a^4 c^2 - 7 a^2 b^2 c d + b^4 d^2) x^2 + (-a^2 c - b^2 d)^3 x^3$$ where $a,b,c,d>0$ and $c+d=1$ and I need to find a real root of the above cubic (in fa...
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http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/29496/s-vi-2-derivation/29516
# S = VI*/2 derivation I was wondering Where I could find the derivation for the complex power formula, S=VI*/2, where S, V and I are complex phasors. I've seen a whole bunch of verifications where people sub stuff into the equation to show that it happens to work. Here's what I know so far, If $V=V_{M} ∠ \phi _{V}$...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/249598/how-can-i-apply-a-inclusionexclusion-principle-in-this-task?answertab=active
# How can I apply a Inclusion–exclusion principle in this task? Simple task from combinatorics: How much sequences does exist, that consist of letters A, B, C, D, ..., O, P; if no sequence could have any of these words: PONK, DOBA, COP. This task is about Inclusion-exclusion principle, but I can't understand why. I th...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/96488?sort=newest
## Function with Fourier coefficient of order $o(n^{-m})$ ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $(a_n),(b_n)$ be Fourier coefficients of periodic locally integrable function $f: R \rightarrow \R$. Assume that $n^ma_n, n^m b_n \rightarrow 0$ when ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/166148-partial-derivatives-word-problem-help.html
# Thread: 1. ## Partial derivatives, word problem help Heat is being conducted radially through a cylindrical pipe. The temperature at a radius r is T(r). In Cartesian co-ordinates, $r = \sqrt{(x^{2}+ y^{2}})$ show that $\displaystyle \frac{\partial T}{\partial x} = \frac{x}{r} \frac{dT}{dr}$ 2. $T(r)=[\math]T(\sqr...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/161808-integration-problem-exponantial.html
# Thread: 1. ## an integration problem with exponantial I have encountered a problem with the following form: $\int x e^{ax^2-bx}dx$ I can only find formulas for $\int x e^{ax^2}dx$ and $\int x e^{bx}dx$ and don't know how to make use of these two formulas. Can someone help me on this? Thanks a lot!! 2. Originall...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/81876/question-about-picks-theorem
# Question about Pick's Theorem Is there a Pick's Theorem for a general lattice in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$? - 8 Can't you just apply a linear transformation to convert the lattice to the standard lattice, and then apply the standard Pick's theorem to the image of the polygon? – Grumpy Parsnip Nov 14 '11 at 3:22 So if I do ...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/6352/encrypting-a-key-with-the-same-key/6355
# Encrypting a key with the same key I am new to crypto and trying to understand why it would be insecure to use AES to encrypt a key with the same key. Basically, something like this: encrypt(key, key) What happens when both key and message are the same (128bits). The obvious question would be why I would want to ...
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http://divisbyzero.com/2010/03/14/an-application-of-graph-theory-to-architecture/?like=1&_wpnonce=5e79d40c83
# Division by Zero A blog about math, puzzles, teaching, and academic technology Posted by: Dave Richeson | March 14, 2010 ## An application of graph theory to architecture Several years ago I came across a fascinating application of graph theory to architecture. It is in the 1983 book Incidence and symmetry in desi...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2011/02/23/an-example-of-a-manifold/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=fe7f791e1e
The Unapologetic Mathematician An Example of a Manifold Let’s be a little more explicit about our example from last time. The two-dimensional sphere consists of all the points in $\mathbb{R}^3$ of unit length. If we pick an orthonormal basis for $\mathbb{R}^3$ and write the coordinates with respect to this basis as $...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/182281/is-there-a-relationship-between-lnx-pm-y-and-lnx-pm-lny
# Is there a relationship between $\ln(x\pm y)$ and $\ln(x)\pm\ln(y)$? I am dealing with points on a 2d space $(x, y)$ where $x$ and $y$ are always positive integers. In an algorithm, I have pre-computed $\log_2(x)$ and $\log_2(y)$ for given points of interest. I now need to compute $\log_2(x+y)$ and $\log_2(x-y)$ b...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/183020-trigonomentic-mapping-question.html
# Thread: 1. ## Trigonomentic mapping question The question For the mapping f(z) = sinh(z), find and sketch the image of Im(z) = d. If I'm not mistaken, this is just a horizontal line in the z-plane through some constant d. With mapping questions involving Z, I usually try and write f(z) in terms of z, then substitu...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/reference-request?sort=votes&pagesize=30
# Tagged Questions Use this tag for questions seeking a single specific paper or a short, non-open-ended list of references, like "What paper first discovered X?", "Where can I find the original derivation of X?", or "What is the canonical source for X?" etc. 6answers 844 views ### What are the justifying foundation...
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Gradient_descent
# All Science Fair Projects ## Science Fair Project Encyclopedia for Schools! Search    Browse    Forum  Coach    Links    Editor    Help    Tell-a-Friend    Encyclopedia    Dictionary # Science Fair ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/92131/fx-fx1-and-f-1-x-fx/92164
# $f(x)=f(x+1)$ and $f(-1/x)=f(x)$ Is there any function $f$ which would satisfy $f(x)=f(x+1)$ and $f(-1/x)=f(x)$ for every $x$ or at least positive $x$? For the widest possible domains of $x$? If I could turn this functional equation into differential equations, I could use some approximate analytic method to get t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/103817/seeking-reference-on-regularity-theory-for-nonlinear-elliptic-pde
## Seeking reference on regularity theory for nonlinear elliptic PDE ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hello, I am searching for a reference on a result I know must exist proving regularity for weak solutions of a (nonlinear, but well-behaved) e...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/05/18/
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Galois Connections I want to mention a topic I thought I’d hit back when we talked about adjoint functors. We know that every poset is a category, with the elements as objects and a single arrow from $a$ to $b$ if $a\leq b$. Functors between such categories are monotone functions, ...
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http://citizendia.org/Solenoid
For other uses, see Solenoid (disambiguation). Magnetic field created by a solenoid A solenoid is a 3-dimensional coil. A coil is a series of loops A coiled coil is a structure where the coil itself is in turn also looping In physics, the term solenoid refers to a loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, wh...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/70500/finding-inverse-cosh
# Finding inverse cosh I am trying to find $\cosh^{-1}1$ I end up with something that looks like $e^y+e^{-y}=2x$. I followed the formula correctly so I believe that is correct up to this point. I then plug in $1$ for $x$ and I get $e^y+e^{-y}=2$ which, according to my mathematical knowledge, is still correct. From her...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/tags/sha-2/hot?filter=all
# Tag Info ## Hot answers tagged sha-2 16 ### Is SHA-512 bijective when hashing a single 512-bit block? It would be very freakish if it turned out to be true. It is not an expected property of SHA-512 to have such bijectivity. It would be worrisome, even, because that's a kind of structure that should not appear in...
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http://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Skin_friction_coefficient&diff=9027&oldid=9026
[Sponsors] Home > Wiki > Skin friction coefficient # Skin friction coefficient ### From CFD-Wiki (Difference between revisions) | | | | ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/44029/list
## Return to Answer 3 added 63 characters in body Edit again: this answer is wrong, see the comments. The new set of families (for each object $X$) is called the sieve generated by the existing covers of $X$. One term for a Grothendieck pretopology is a basis for a Grothendieck topology, and different bases can give...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/27/why-does-implied-volatility-show-an-inverse-relation-with-strike-price-when-exam/1603
# Why does implied volatility show an inverse relation with strike price when examining option chains? When looking at option chains, I often notice that the (broker calculated) implied volatility has an inverse relation to the strike price. This seems true both for calls and puts. As a current example, I could point...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/107873-twisting-turning-infinite-sum.html
# Thread: 1. ## the twisting and turning infinite sum of... $\frac{2}{5} - \frac{3}{10} + \frac{4}{15} - \frac{5}{20} + \frac{6}{25} - \frac{7}{30} + ...$ so I think the series looks like: $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{(-1)^{n-1}*(n+1)}{5n}}$ looks a little bit geometric, the problem is to show that it either converg...
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