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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/87602/topological-vector-spaces-that-are-isomorphic-to-their-duals/87603
## Topological vector spaces that are isomorphic to their duals ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) After reviewing the (locally convex) topological vector spaces that I know, the only examples I could find where there is an isomorphism from the sp...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=516212
Physics Forums Page 1 of 2 1 2 > ## Confused about the concepts of dual spaces, dual bases, reflexivity and annihilators My background in linear algebra is pretty basic: high school math and a first year course about matrix math. Now I'm reading a book about finite-dimensional vector spaces and there are a few ...
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http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2008/05/22/random-matrices-a-general-approach-for-the-least-singular-value-problem/
What’s new Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics. By Terence Tao # Random matrices: A general approach for the least singular value problem 22 May, 2008 in math.PR, paper | Tags: least singular value, random matrices, universality Van Vu and I have...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/34087?sort=newest
## Selecting basic sequences ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Suppose $(x_\alpha)_\alpha$ is an uncountable, linearly independent family of norm one vectors in a Banach space. Can one always select a basic sequence (or at least a minimal system)...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/123331/question-on-lipschitz-condition
# Question on Lipschitz condition. I want help in showing that $f$ is Lipschitz on $[0,1]$ $\implies$ that $f$ can written in the form $$f(x) = f(0) + \int_0^x h(x)~dt$$ for some bounded Lebesgue measurable function $h$ on $[0,1]$. $f$ being Lipschitz on $[0,1]$ implies there is some constant $K$ such that $|f(x)-f(y...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/18209/collapse-a-sum-factor-an-element-out-of-a-sum
# Collapse a Sum / factor an element out of a sum I am trying to get something in the form of a $\Sigma (\dots) * \alpha_i = (\dots)$ from the output of the code below. The thing is that I cannot figure out how to tell Mathematica to "collapse" down to a single sum and factor out the $\alpha_i$. Thank you, John ```...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/169835/for-cfg-g-and-regular-expressions-r-s-to-which-class-does-langle-g-r-s?answertab=votes
For CFG $G$ and regular expressions $R,S$: To which class does $\{ \langle G,R,S \rangle: L(G) \cap L(R) = L(S) \}$ belong? I'd really like your help with the following question: For $G$ a context free grammar, and $R$, $S$ regular expressions, To which class does $\{ \langle G,R,S \rangle : L(G) \cap L(R) = L(S) \}...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/107795/examples-of-non-kahler-compact-symplectic-manifolds/107816
## Examples of non-Kahler compact symplectic manifolds. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I am trying to gather a list of all known symplectic manifolds which don't have Kahler structure. If you know any please add to the list and give references...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45497/acceleration-and-relativity
# Acceleration and relativity Usually in physics books this equation used $a=\frac {dv}{dt}$ to calculate the relativistic acceleration. It is true that speed $v=\beta c$ don't have relativistic (Lorentz) factor, But time have a relativistic factor $t=\tau \gamma$, what about acceleration!? - – Qmechanic♦ Nov 30 '12...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/19419/most-efficient-way-to-output-a-cycle-starting-from-an-unordered-list-of-graph-ve
# Most efficient way to output a cycle starting from an unordered list of graph vertices I have some graph $G$ and a list of vertices $(v_1, ..., v_N) \in V$. Using graph structures in Mathematica version 9.0, what is the most efficient way to determine whether or not $(v_1, ..., v_N)$ represents a cycle, and then, if...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/99571?sort=oldest
## Terminology: Banach spaces equipped with continuous associative product? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) This is admittedly a low-interest question mathematically, and is arguably a question I could resolve if I had time over the next few da...
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http://physics.aps.org/articles/large_image/f1/10.1103/Physics.2.19
Illustration: Alan Stonebraker, adapted from a NASA image Figure 1: A small satellite moving under the influence of a sun-earth system will rotate in fixed relation to the sun-earth system if it is located near one of five Lagrange ($L$) points. The figure shows the equipotential lines of the effective potential in th...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/10952/list
## Return to Answer 4 edited body; deleted 15 characters in body; added 22 characters in body This is a great question. Someone will come along with a better answer I'm sure, but here's a bit off the top of my head: 1) The Hilbert class field of a number field $K$ is the maximal everywhere unramified abelian extensi...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/22843/list
## Return to Question 3 added 4 characters in body; edited tags I am looking for a characterization of (0,1)-forms on a CR manifold M that admit a real primitive, i.e. those can be written as: $\omega=\overline\partial_M f$ for a real function f. If M is a complex manifold, by expanding ddf=0 one obtains the follo...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/225521/separated-scheme
Separated scheme How to show, that the affine line with a split point is not a separated scheme? Hartshorne writes something about this point in product, but it is not product in topological spaces category! Give the most strict proof! - 1 Should "separable" be "separated?" – Matt Oct 30 '12 at 23:20 2 You can comp...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/26692/can-we-model-gravitation-as-a-repulsive-force/26693
# Can we model gravitation as a repulsive force? This question is actually related to my earlier question ("what is motion"). The fact that objects move a lot in the universe and that the universe is expanding, can imply that gravity is a repulsive force that increases with distance.. so the farthest objects repel us ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/176048-finding-line-trapezoid-intersection-through-system-equations.html
# Thread: 1. ## Finding a line/ trapezoid intersection through system of equations Hello, I have a problem that I so far haven't been able to solve, I know it includes geometry but I need to find a way to solve it looking at it as functions, a system of linear equations or such that might be solved in a matrix. I wan...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/192835/fastest-and-intuitive-ways-to-look-at-matrix-multiplication/192845
# Fast(est) and intuitive ways to look at matrix multiplication? Most of the time I see matrix multiplication presented and defined, as a seemingly arbitrary sequence of operations. For example, the textbook I'm currently reading for a linear algebra course defines the product $AB$ as the $(i, j)$ entry in the $1 \tim...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/118494?sort=votes
## Largest permutation group without 2-cycles or 3-cycles ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The largest permutation group without 2-cycles is $A_n$, which has size $n!/2$. I think the largest permutation group without 2-cycles or 3-cycles is much...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=122979
Physics Forums ## Hubble Recession vs. Moon Recession [latex]70 \frac{km/s}{Mpc}*\left(384400\ km\right)=8.72028137*10^{-10}\frac{m}{s}[/latex] [latex]8.72028137*10^{-10}\frac{m}{s}*\frac{3.1556926*10^{7}\ s}{yr}=2.75185274\ \frac{cm}{yr}[/latex] Do we consider Hubble Recession as a part of the directly calculated ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/16199/is-there-a-newtons-third-law-for-the-em-field?answertab=oldest
# Is there a Newton's third law for the em field? There is a momentum associated with the em field that ensures the conservation of total momentum for a system of interacting charges. Can the same be done in an analagous way to ensure Newton's third law is also true? - – Qmechanic♦ Jan 21 at 9:57 ## 1 Answer Well...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/14406/do-your-friends-on-average-have-more-friends-than-you-do
# Do your friends on average have more friends than you do? I was watching this TED talk, which suggested that on average your friends tend to individually have more friends than you do. To define this more formally, we are comparing the average number of friends with: ````average over each person p of: friend po...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/32320/what-is-the-relationship-between-translation-and-time-complexity/32328
What is the relationship between “translation” and time complexity? Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Consider the problem of deciding a language $L$; for concreteness, say that this is the graph isomorphism problem. That is, $L$ consists of pairs of...
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http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Likelihood
Likelihood function Talk0 31,732pages on this wiki Redirected from Likelihood Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual differences | Personality | Philosophy | Social | Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psycholo...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/3605-graph-sketching-print.html
# Graph Sketching Printable View • June 24th 2006, 05:51 AM macca101 Graph Sketching OK Here we go.... To Sketch the graph of $<br /> f(x)=\frac{4x-15}{x^2-9}<br />$ 1. Find the domain. The denominator is 0 when $<br /> x= \pm3<br />$ so the domain of $<br /> f<br />$ is all of $<br /> R<br />$ except for $<br /> ...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/7293/american-option-price-formula-assuming-a-loglaplace-distribution?answertab=active
# American Option price formula assuming a logLaplace distribution? What are $d_1$ and $d_2$ for Laplace? may be running before walking. When I tried to use the equations provided, the pricing became extremely lopsided, with the calls being routinely double puts. This is extremely unrealistic. My guess was correct t...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/complex
# Tagged Questions Questions about using complex numbers in Mathematica. This includes basic arithmetic, functions of complex numbers, plotting complex functions, and dealing with branch cuts. 1answer 49 views ### Overloading conjugate operator for a particular function I trying to modify the behaviour of the built...
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http://nrich.maths.org/5589
### Roots and Coefficients If xyz = 1 and x+y+z =1/x + 1/y + 1/z show that at least one of these numbers must be 1. Now for the complexity! When are the other numbers real and when are they complex? ### Target Six Show that x = 1 is a solution of the equation x^(3/2) - 8x^(-3/2) = 7 and find all other solutions. ##...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/30625/weight-on-planet-earth?answertab=oldest
# Weight on planet earth? I was wondering : does the weight on the planet earth is equal over the years ? meaning : all the people , ground , water ,gas. does the weight stays the same over the years ? - ## 2 Answers This answer is very similar to Adam's, though I come to the opposite conclusion i.e. that earth...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/214313/how-to-prove-the-definition-of-arctangent-by-g-h-hardy-through-integral
# How to prove the definition of arctangent by G. H. Hardy through integral? From introduction to analysis,by Arthur P. Mattuck,problem 20-1. I am stuck in the sub-problem (d) of this problem,especially the magic number 2.5,please help,thanks. Problems 20-1 One way of rigorously defining the trigonometric functions i...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/96777?sort=votes
## non-isomorphic stably isomorphic fields ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Q1: What is the simplest example of two non-isomorphic fields $L$ and $K$ of characteristic $0$ such that $L(x)\simeq K(x)$ (here $x$ is an indeterminate)? Q2: Do we ha...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45004/help-an-aspiring-physicists-what-to-self-study
# Help an aspiring physicists what to self-study [closed] This is probably not the kind of question you'll often encounter on this forum, but I think a bit of background is needed for this question to make sense and not seem like a duplicate: 2012 has been an annus horribilis in my life. I have lost a lot of close re...
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http://www.impan.pl/cgi-bin/dict?enumeration
## enumeration Let $r_1, r_2,\ldots$ be an enumeration of the rationals in $[0,1]$. Go to the list of words starting with: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/21577/why-is-oxygen-in-a-triplet-state-and-what-are-the-consequences?answertab=active
# Why is oxygen in a triplet state and what are the consequences? From Wikipedia here and here: ''Almost all molecules encountered in daily life exist in a singlet state, but molecular oxygen is an exception.'' ''The unusual electron configuration prevents molecular oxygen from reacting directly with many other mole...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/tagged/order-theory
## Tagged Questions 2answers 151 views ### Is it possible to reconstruct an order type from its initial segments? Suppose $T$ is a totally ordered set without a maximal element, $\tau$ is the order type of $T$, $S$ is the set of order types of all proper initial segments (downward closed sub … 1answer 171 views ###...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/167176/visualization-of-cantor-set-by-mathematica-or-maple/167235
# Visualization of Cantor set by Mathematica or Maple! We all know what it is the Cantor set. The Cantor set is created by repeatedly deleting the open middle thirds of a set of line segments. One starts by deleting the open middle third $(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{2}{3})$ from the interval $[0, 1]$, leaving two line segment...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/199198/linear-de-where-did-i-go-wrong
# linear DE - Where did I go wrong? I'm trying to find the general solution for $(x+2)y' = 3-\frac{2y}{x}$ This is what I've done so far: $y'+\frac{2y}{x(x+2)}=\frac{3}{x+2}$ $(\frac{x}{x+2}y)'=\frac{3x}{(x+2)^2}$ $\frac{x}{x+2}y=3\int \frac{x}{(x+2)^2}dx$ $\frac{x}{x+2}y= 3\int \frac{1}{x+2}dx - 6\int\frac{1}{(...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/108963/prime-ideals-in-polynomials-rings/108974
# Prime ideals in polynomials rings Let $A$ be a commutative ring, $\mathbb{q}\subset A$ an ideal of $A$, and $\mathbb{q}A[x]$ the ideal of $A[x]$ generated by $\mathbb{q}$ (consists of the polynomials with coefficients in $\mathbb{q}$). Show $\mathbb{q}$ is prime in $A \Leftrightarrow \mathbb{q}A[x]$ is prime in $A[x...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/astronomy?sort=faq&pagesize=30
# Tagged Questions The science dealing with objects and phenomena located beyond Earth. In particular, this applies to observations and data. At its core, astronomy is the physically informed cataloging and classifying of the contents of the universe in order to better understand what is out there. 6answers 808 views...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/6637?sort=votes
## The De Rham Cohomology of $\mathbb{R}^n - \mathbb{S}^k$ ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm reading Madsen and Tornehave's "From Calculus to Cohomology" and tried to solve this interesting problem regarding knots. Let $\Sigma\subset \mathbb...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/52463-angular-speed.html
# Thread: 1. ## Angular Speed..... Find the angular speed of a point on the earth surface. That is all that is given, assume that Radius is 6400km. how do I set this up. 2. angular velocity is the same for all points on the earth except the poles. $\omega = \frac{1 \, revolution}{day}$ 3. Hello, Brndo4u! There is...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/57565/list
## Return to Answer 2 Reformulated the answer to clarify that the cited random-walk based algorithm is not actually space efficient.; added 63 characters in body The answer to your question is, essentially Brent's paper Some integer factorization algorithms using elliptic curves describes a "birthday paradox" ECM ex...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/06/02/the-category-of-matrices-i/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=5d5a17dad5
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Category of Matrices I What we’ve been building up to is actually the definition of a category. Given a field $\mathbb{F}$ we define the category $\mathbf{Mat}(\mathbb{F})$ of matrices over $\mathbb{F}$. Most of our other categories have been named after their objects — groups...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/108494?sort=votes
## How can I picture antisymmetry of the Lie derivative? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) It's obvious that the Lie derivative defined in terms of Lie brackets is anti-symmetric. But what is an intuitive way to visualize the anti-symmetry in the...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/156190-derive-equation-rectangle.html
# Thread: 1. ## Derive equation of rectangle Hi, I have a triangle whose perimeter is 34cm. The diagonal is 13cm, and the width is $x$cm. Derive the equation $x^2-17x+60=0$. I attempted this, and this is what I did: Using Pythagoras' theorem I knew that $13 = x^2 + h^2$ where $h$ is the height of the rectangle. Thu...
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http://cms.math.ca/cjm/browse/vn/60/2
Canadian Mathematical Society www.cms.math.ca | | | | | |----------|----|-----------|----| | | | | | | | | Site map | | | CMS store | | location:  Publications → journals → CJM « Vol. 60 No. 1 Vol. 60 No. 3 » Volume 60 Number 2 (Apr 2008) Looking for a pri...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/26392?sort=oldest
## What is cardinality of the set of true undecidable minimal sentences in a formal theory of aritmetic ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let T be a true theory of arithmetic to which the incompleteness theorems apply. Consider two sentences in t...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/23989/isomorphic-of-n/23991
# Isomorphic of (N,+)? Does a binary operation * exist such that (N;+) and (Z;*) are isomorphic? N : set of natural numbers, Z : set of integers and + is the addition operation. If yes, please give me an isomorphism function? - ## 1 Answer Whenever you have two sets that are in bijection you can "transport" an oper...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2011/02/11/intertwinors-from-semistandard-tableaux-span-part-1/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=eb8d9d939c
The Unapologetic Mathematician Intertwinors from Semistandard Tableaux Span, part 1 Now that we’ve shown the intertwinors that come from semistandard tableaux are independent, we want to show that they span the space $\hom(S^\lambda,M^\mu)$. This is a bit fidgety, but should somewhat resemble the way we showed that s...
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http://www.reference.com/browse/Antisymmetric+relation
Definitions Nearby Words # Antisymmetric relation In mathematics, a binary relation R on a set X is antisymmetric if, for all a and b in X, if a is R to b and b is R to a, then a = b. In mathematical notation, this is: $forall a, b in X, a R b and b R a ; Rightarrow ; a = b$ or equally, $forall a, b in X, a R b a...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/18774/triangles-squares-and-discontinuous-complex-functions/18783
Triangles, squares, and discontinuous complex functions Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there some onto function $f:$ $\mathbb{C}$ $\rightarrow$ $\mathbb{C}$ such that for each triangle $T$ (with its interior), $f(T)$ is a square (with interior,...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/109597/solution-of-the-complex-ginzburg-landau-equation?answertab=active
# Solution of the complex Ginzburg - Landau equation Can someone show that it's possible to find a solution of the kind: $$\Phi(x,t)=R(x,t)\exp[i\Psi(x,t)]$$ of the complex Ginzburg - Landau equation: $$\frac{\partial{\Phi}}{\partial{t}}=(1+ia)\frac{\partial^2{\Phi}}{\partial{x}^2}+\Phi-(ib-1)|\Phi|^2\Phi$$ assumi...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/265872/topology-cocountable-space-is-not-hausdorff
# topology-cocountable space is not Hausdorff Let $T=\{ U\subseteq X:X\setminus U\textrm{ is countable}\}\cup \{\emptyset\}$ Then this is known as co-countable topology. Clearly,real line with co-countable topology is not Hausdorff. For: If T is Hausdorff there exist two disjoint open sets that seperate the any pai...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/239566/subset-of-a-finite-set-is-finite
# Subset of a finite set is finite We define $A$ to be a finite set if there is a bijection between $A$ and a set of the form $\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ for some $n\in\mathbb N$. How can we prove that a subset of a finite set is finite? It is of course sufficient to show that for a subset of $\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$. But how do I ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/266037/pullback-of-an-empty-family?answertab=active
# Pullback of an empty family As I understand it, in the category of sets, there is no morphism $\{1\}\rightarrow\emptyset$. On the other hand, is one permitted to say sentences like the following? "Consider the empty family $(\phi_\alpha)_\alpha$ of morphisms, where $\phi_\alpha:\{1\}\rightarrow\emptyset$." For exa...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/116045/basic-question-about-affine-group-schemes
## Basic question about affine group schemes ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I've been reading Waterhouse's book "Introduction to affine group schemes", in part to help prepare myself for an (oral) advanced topic exam in algebraic geometry. The...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/27519/other-examples-of-composition-of-functions
## other examples of composition of functions ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hello MathOverflow, my first question, I apologize for the LaTeX, it works in preview but not in Safari once posted. There are many methods out there that generate ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/248257/squares-in-a-triangle
# Squares in a triangle? I've got some trouble... IJKL is a square and B, I, J, C are aligned (alternatively, |IJ| is confounded with |BC|. h is the height of acute $\triangle$ ABC from A to side BC. C1 is the red square. C2 is the green square. C3 is the blue square a= |BC| b= |CA| c= |AB| 1. How to find IJKL us...
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http://nrich.maths.org/5772/solution
### Doodles A 'doodle' is a closed intersecting curve drawn without taking pencil from paper. Only two lines cross at each intersection or vertex (never 3), that is the vertex points must be 'double points' not 'triple points'. Number the vertex points in any order. Starting at any point on the doodle, trace it until ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/285248/whats-the-difference-between-rationals-and-irrationals-topologically/285317
# What's the difference between rationals and irrationals - topologically? I know that sets of rational and irrational numbers are quite different. In measure, almost no real number is rational and of course, $\mathrm{card}(\mathbb Q) < \mathrm{card}(\mathbb R \setminus \mathbb Q)$ tells us that there are indeed much ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/77394-please-please-help-statistic-problem-print.html
# PLEASE PLEASE help with this statistic problem! Printable View • March 7th 2009, 01:52 PM Kalyn Well to calculate, for example, the odds of 9 people catching it, you multiply $0.4^9 * 0.6^8 * 17C9$. Do you recognise this at all? It would take a while to calculate this for 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 people catchi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/21887/i-think-there-is-a-mistake-in-solutions-to-this-problem-plus-and-minus-sign
# I think there is a mistake in solutions to this problem. plus and minus sign ! I pretty much had what the solutions had, but we disagreed with one thing, a minus sensitive sign. $\sum W = \Delta K$ $\int_0^{-s} - ks^2 ds = \frac{ks^3}{3} = \frac{1}{2}m(v^2-4^2)$ Rearranging, I get $v^2 = 4^2 - \frac{2k(-0.2)^3}{...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma_(algebra)
# Magma (algebra) For other uses, see Magma (disambiguation). In abstract algebra, a magma (or groupoid; not to be confused with groupoids in category theory) is a basic kind of algebraic structure. Specifically, a magma consists of a set $M$ equipped with a single binary operation $M \times M \rightarrow M$. A binar...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/6196/explaining-valence-with-quantum-mechanics?answertab=votes
# Explaining valence with quantum mechanics Can anyone give me a quantum mechanical explanation of the theory of valence? (i.e. why atoms bond just enough to have a complete orbital) EDIT: To clarify, I already have an idea of why atoms bond, and the molecular orbit makes sense to me. The problem is that the valence ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/85710-need-help-trig-equation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Need help with a Trig equation $2sin\theta cos\theta-cos\theta=0$ This is what I did First I took $cos\theta$ to other side resulting in $2sin\theta cos\theta=cos\theta$ Then I divided by $cos\theta$ resulting in $2sin\theta =1$ then I divided by 2 $sin\theta = \frac{1}{2}$ 2. Hi Dividing by $\cos...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/129481-simultaneous-equation-help.html
# Thread: 1. ## Simultaneous equation help Okay I'm not even sure if this even is a simultaneous equation, but I don't know how to solve it anyway.. x+y=60 x^2 = 0.25 y^2 Find x and y. It's part of a massive a level physics question and I've simplified it a lot, so no I'm not a 12 year old asking for the answers ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/32153/alternative-definition-for-topological-spaces/169206
Alternative definition for topological spaces? I have just started reading topology so I am a total beginner but why are topological spaces defined in terms of open sets? I find it hard and unnatural to think about them intuitively. Perhaps the reason is that I can't see them visually. Take groups, for example, are re...
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http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Crises
# Crises From Scholarpedia Edward Ott (2006), Scholarpedia, 1(10):1700. Curator and Contributors 1.00 - Edward Ott 0.75 - Eugene M. Izhikevich Considering a dynamical system with a chaotic attractor, qualitative changes (bifurcations) of such attractors can occur as a system parameter is varied. Very commonly, th...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/81798/are-advanced-number-theoretic-techniques-related-to-undecidability
## Are advanced number-theoretic techniques related to undecidability? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there any evidence for or against the idea that some of the important statements of number theory that have only been proved using infinit...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/13332/what-local-system-really-is
# What local system really is I know a local system is a locally constant constant sheaf. But why does a local system on the topological space $X$ correspond to $\tilde{X}\times_G V$, where $G$ is the fundamental group of $X$, $\tilde{X}$ is the universal covering space of $X$, and $V$ is a $G$-module? How do you reco...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/92424/deriving-sdes-and-expectation-from-given-pde/92722
# Deriving SDE(s) and Expectation from Given PDE We want to solve the PDE $u_t + \left( \frac{x^2 + y^2}{2}\right)u_{xx} + (x-y^2)u_y + ryu = 0$ where $r$ is some constant and $u(x,y,T) = V(x,y)$ is given. Write an SDE and express $u(x,y,0)$ as the expectation of some function of the path $X_t, Y_t$. Attempt: I tried...
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http://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/9602/cfg-with-regular-expression-terminals-on-rhs
CFG with regular expression terminals on RHS Suppose that we expand our idea of context free grammar rules to allow regular expressions of terminals on the right hand side. For example, consider $G_1$: $\begin{align*} S & \rightarrow (a \mid b) S (c \mid d) \\ S & \rightarrow (a \mid b) A (c \mid d) \\ A & \rightarro...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/42700-tetrahedron.html
# Thread: 1. ## tetrahedron Calculate the volume of the tetrahedron limited by the plan $n1: 3x+2y-4z-12=0$ and plans for coordinated. Answer: 12 2. Originally Posted by Apprentice123 Calculate the volume of the tetrahedron limited by the plan $n1: 3x+2y-4z-12=0$ and plans for coordinated. Answer: 12 I think you a...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/127748-second-fundamental-theorem-calculue-can-used-every-situation.html
# Thread: 1. ## the second fundamental theorem of calculue can be used in every situation~? the second fundamental theorem of calculue can be used in every situation~? Newton Leibniz`formula I mean that .. 2. I have no idea what you mean by this! The fundamental theorem of calculus can be used in every situation t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/73261/hopf-algebras-and-quantum-groups/73263
## Hopf Algebras and Quantum Groups ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I have studied graduate abstract algebra and would like to learn about Hopf algebras and quantum groups. What book or books would you recommend? Are there other subjects that I...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/115746/list
## Return to Answer 2 fixed link; deleted 1 characters in body The document I linked to above is sufficiently striking as to warrant an answer of its own. I hope it complements the community wiki above. As mentioned above the relevant conjecture in this area is due to Wall: Conjecture The number of maximal subgroup...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/43406/what-constitutes-an-observation-measurement-in-qm/52539
# What constitutes an observation/measurement in QM? Fundamental notions of QM have to do with observation, a major example being The Uncertainty Principle. 1. What is the technical definition of an observation/measurement? 2. If I look at a QM system, it will collapse. But how is that any different from a bunch of ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/225407/for-what-functions-instead-of-leq
# For what functions, “$=$” instead of “$\leq$” Theorem: Suppose $f,g\in C(U,\mathbb R^n)$ and let $f$ be locally Lipschitz-continuous in the second argument, uniformly with repsect to the first. If $x(t)$ and $y(t)$ are respective solutions of the Iinitial value problems; $x'=f(t,x), x(t_0)=x_0$ and $y'=g(t,y), y(t_0...
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http://tamino.wordpress.com/2011/05/27/markov-2/
Science, Politics, Life, the Universe, and Everything # Markov 2 Posted on May 27, 2011 In the last post we showed how Harold Brooks has applied a 1st-order Markov Chain model to the phenomenon of a significant tornado day (“STD”), in particular to explain the frequency of occurrence of long runs of consecutive STDs...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Back to the Example Let’s go back to our explicit example of $L=\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{F})$ and look at its Killing form. We first recall our usual basis: $\displaystyle\begin{aligned}x&=\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\ 0&0\end{pmatrix}\\y&=\begin{pmatrix}0&0\\1&0\end{pmatrix}\\h&=\begin{pma...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/157771/sum-of-gaussian-processes
# Sum of Gaussian processes I would like to prove that the sum of Gaussian processes is also Gaussian, to be precise, $M_t=W_t+W_{t^2}$, where $W_t$ is standard Wiener process. That is kind of obvious, but I am looking for some more rigorous, as short as possible proof, other than just saying that it is the sum of two...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/81982/what-is-the-intuition-of-connections-for-cubical-sets
## What is the intuition of connections for cubical sets? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I am beggining to do some work with cubical sets and thought that I should have an understanding of various extra structures that one may put on cubical s...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/mceliece?sort=active&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions The mceliece tag has no wiki summary. 3answers 217 views ### McEliece Cryptosystem Implementations Are there any current implementations (language irrelevant) of the McEliece Cryptosystem? I have been hunting around all day, and yet, have only found a few mathematical equations pertaining to the ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/30537/is-the-schrodinger-equation-derived-or-postulated
# Is the Schrödinger equation derived or postulated? I'm an undergraduate mathematics student trying to understand some quantum mechanics, but I'm having a hard time understanding what is the status of the Schrödinger equation. In some places I've read that it's just a postulate. At least, that's how I interpret e.g....
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/17233/is-quantum-mechanics-intrinsically-dualistic/22801
# Is quantum mechanics intrinsically dualistic? In just about every interpretation of quantum mechanics, there appears to be some form of dualism. Is this inevitable or not? In the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation by Bohr and Heisenberg, the world is split into a quantum and classical part. Yes, that is actually wh...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/153265-joint-prob-density.html
# Thread: 1. ## joint prob density? in ref to earlier thread http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-he...tml?pagenumber= I have stumbled upon a question which poses an identical problem but not in the form of an exam question therefore i suppose you could sketch it although from the simplicity of it i doubt this is reall...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/3845/how-does-one-measure-the-effect-of-latency-on-potential-returns/3847
# How does one measure the effect of latency on potential returns? I am looking to evaluate the hypothetical advantage one trading system has over another in terms of the possible returns given their latency. Irene Aldridge wrote a piece (How Profitable Are High-Frequency Trading Strategies?) which describes how to r...
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http://www.openwetware.org/index.php?title=20.309:Homeworks/Homework1&oldid=147917
# 20.309:Homeworks/Homework1 ### From OpenWetWare Revision as of 20:40, 4 September 2007 by Steven Wasserman (Talk | contribs) 20.309 Fall Semester 2007 Homework Set 1 Due by 12:00 noon on Friday Sept. 21, 2007 1. Figure 1 shows a resistor network known as a Wheatstone bridge. Part of the apparatus which you'll buil...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/206902/specma-affine-variety-leftrightarrow-a-is-finitely-generated-k-algebra?answertab=votes
# $Specm(A)$ affine variety $\Leftrightarrow$ A is finitely generated $k$-algebra I want to prove that "the spectrum of maximal ideals of a ring $A$ is a variety of $\mathbb{A}^n_k$ for some $n$ if and only if $A$ is a finitely generated $k$-algebra". I assume that $k$ is algebraically closed. Any hints on how to mak...
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http://terrytao.wordpress.com/tag/structure/page/2/
What’s new Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics. By Terence Tao # Tag Archive You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘structure’ tag. ## Milliman Lecture I: Additive combinatorics and the primes 4 December, 2007 in math.CO, math.NT, t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/88787?sort=oldest
## path of almost complex structure in the definition of heegaard floer homology ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In order to define Heegaard Floer Homology for a connected, closed, oriented 3 manifold, we fix a generic path of nearly symmetric ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/126478-factoring-question-print.html
# Factoring question Printable View • January 31st 2010, 01:05 PM james121515 Factoring question Hi, What is the best method to go about factoring this $x^6+6x^4+10x^2+8$? Can this be done by grouping? I tried to do rational root tests but it appears as though it does not have any rational roots. James • January 31...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/monte-carlo?sort=votes&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions Monte Carlo simulation methods uses repeated random experiments to determine results. 2answers 2k views ### How useful is Markov chain Monte Carlo for quantitative finance? Naively, it seems that Bayesian modeling, structural models particularly, would be quite useful in finance because of their ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/equations-of-motion+energy-conservation
# Tagged Questions 2answers 584 views ### Can a force in an explicitly time dependent classical system be conservative? If I consider equations of motion derived from the pinciple of least action for an explicilty time dependend Lagrangian $$\delta S[L[q(\text{t}),q'(\text{t}),{\bf t}]]=0,$$ under what ... 3answers ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/98044-linear-independence-nilpotent-matrices.html
# Thread: 1. ## Linear Independence, Nilpotent Matrices Hello! The course is Linear Algebra, the subject is vector-spaces, basis, dimensions. The question is: A (from the field) F^nxn is a nilpotent matrix. (Nilpotent matrix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A square matrix is nilpotent from the order k if $A,A^2...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/16312/how-helpful-is-non-standard-analysis
## How helpful is non-standard analysis? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) So, I can understand how non-standard analysis is better than standard analysis in that some proofs become simplified, and infinitesimals are somehow more intuitive to gra...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/85052/intersection-of-geodesiques
## intersection of geodesiques ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $(M,g)$ be a closed riemannian surface . let $\alpha$ be a simple closed geodesique . does there is exist a simple closed geodesic $\beta$ that intersect alpha at only 1 point p...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/6477/applications-of-the-other-definition-of-sheaves/6478
## Applications of the “other” definition of Sheaves ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In most literature, when you try to look for the definition of sheaves you will see the usual definition for presheaves as a functor from a topological space (...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/72106?sort=oldest
## Strong topology ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $E$ and $F$ be a locally convex topological vector spaces (LCS) and let $E^{\star}$ and $F^{\star}$ denote the strong duals of $E$ and $F$, respectively. A dual of $E^{\star}$ given by the ...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/05/12/commutativity-in-series-iii/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=5092e672ce
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Commutativity in Series III Okay, here’s the part I promised I’d finish last Friday. How do we deal with rearrangements that “go to infinity” more than once? That is, we chop up the infinite set of natural numbers into a bunch of other infinite sets, add each of these subseries up,...
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