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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/194617/13-dof-kalman-filter
# 13 DOF Kalman filter I'm trying to develop a system with the following characteristics: Inputs: • 3-axis accelerometer [3 DOF] • 3-axis gyroscope [3 DOF] • GPS with three parameters (lat, lon, altitude) [3 DOF] • Barometric pressure [1 DOF] -estimates altitude • 3-axis magnetometer [3 DOF] Outputs: • lat, lon • ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44910/rigid-body-dynamics-of-tossing-of-a-coin
# Rigid body dynamics of tossing of a coin While tossing a coin, it is commonly experienced that you get a head, if you toss it up with the head side up, and a tails if you toss with the tails side up. Is there a mathematical proof of this using classical mechanics? I would like to see a simple model of the coin as a ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/55369-arithmetic-sequence.html
# Thread: 1. ## Arithmetic Sequence An arithmetic sequence is given for each question below whose initial term a and common difference d are also given. What is the firth term? (1) a = 6; d = -2 (2) a = sqrt{2}; d = sqrt{2} 2. Originally Posted by magentarita An arithmetic sequence is given for each question below...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/12931/approximating-an-integral-representation-of-the-number-partition-problem
# Approximating an integral representation of the Number Partition Problem One can write out an integral whose solution gives the number of solutions to the NP-Complete Number Partition Problem and I'm wondering if anyone has an suggestions or ideas on who to solve or approximate this integral analytically or numerica...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/32665/why-position-is-not-quantized-in-quantum-mechanics/32666
# Why position is not quantized in quantum mechanics? Usually in all the standard examples in quantum mechanics textbooks the spectrum of the position operator is continuous. Are there (nontrivial) examples where position is quantized? or position quantization is forbidden for some fundamental reason in quantum mecha...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/47782/moser-interation-for-nonlinear-elliptic-equation
# Moser interation for nonlinear elliptic equation Let $\Omega$ be and bounded open set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $u\in H^1(\Omega)\cap L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ be the weak subsolution of the following nonlinear and heterogeneous elliptic equation: $$-\nabla\cdot(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)+c(x)|u|^{p-2}u=f$$ where $0\le c(x)\le...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/60397/list
Return to Answer 2 edited body Note that $\min(w,L) = \frac{1}{2} (w+L) + - \frac{1}{2} |w-L|$, so the main issue is to establish that the map $w \mapsto |w|$ is bounded on $H^{1,2}$. But this follows from the diamagnetic inequality $|\nabla |w|| \leq |\nabla w|$ (in the sense of distributions), which is obvious form...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/37610?sort=newest
Demonstrating that rigour is important Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Any pure mathematician will from time to time discuss, or think about, the question of why we care about proofs, or to put the question in a more precise form, why we seem to be...
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Maxima_and_minima
# All Science Fair Projects ## Science Fair Project Encyclopedia for Schools! Search    Browse    Forum  Coach    Links    Editor    Help    Tell-a-Friend    Encyclopedia    Dictionary # Science Fair ...
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http://nrich.maths.org/4769
### Balances and Springs Balancing interactivity with springs and weights. ### Inside Outside Balance the bar with the three weight on the inside. ### Balance Point Attach weights of 1, 2, 4, and 8 units to the four attachment points on the bar. Move the bar from side to side until you find a balance point. Is it ...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/algebraic-manipulation?page=2&sort=active&pagesize=30
# Tagged Questions The art of manipulating an algebraic expression into the desired form. 3answers 211 views ### Is it possible to use Composition for polynomial composition? I want to do this: $P = (x^3+x)$ $Q = (x^2+1)$ $P \circ Q = P \circ (x^2+1) = (x^2+1)^3+(x^2+1) = x^6+3x^4+4x^2+2$ I used Composition for tes...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/06/27/categorification/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=966197e62c
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Categorification Categorification is a big, scary word that refers to a much simpler basic idea than you’d expect, and it’s also huge business right now. There’s a lot of this going on at The n-Category Café, for instance. Both knot Floer homology and Khovanov homology are examples...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=11392
Physics Forums ## Notation for recursion - better typesetting I know this is nothing new to most people here, but my question is really more about the notation than the mathematics. And since this question is really about notation, and it’s my first use of the LaTex equation formatter, I get to experiment with someth...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/users/2190/david-bar-moshe?tab=activity&sort=comments&page=5
David Bar Moshe reputation 1924 bio website location age member for 2 years, 2 months seen 8 hours ago profile views 892 | | | bio | visits | | | |-------------|------------------|---------|----------|-------------|-------------------| | ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275209/confusion-related-to-a-convex-optimization-problem
# Confusion related to a convex optimization problem I was going through Stephen Boyd's lecture on convex optimization. However, I am a bit confused about a problem Given Minimize $f(x) = x_1^2+x_2^2$ subject to $f_1(x) = \frac{x_1}{1+x_2^2} \leq 0$ How come $f_1(x)$ is not convex? I was going through Stephen Boyd...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/124044/show-int-infty-infty-frac-sinh-ax-sinh-pi-z-cos-bx-dx-frac/124156
# Show $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{\sinh ax}{\sinh \pi z} \cos bx \ dx = \frac{\sin a}{\cos a + \cosh b} \ -\pi < a < \pi$ I want to show that $\displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{\sinh ax}{\sinh \pi z} \cos bx \ dx = \frac{\sin a}{\cos a + \cosh b} \ -\pi < a < \pi$ So I let $f \displaystyle (z) = e^{ibx}...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/49189/a-problem-in-probability-theory
# a problem in probability theory Let $X_{i}$ be independent and identically distributed random variables such that $S_n/n\to 0$ almost surely where $S_n=X_1+\dots+X_n$. How to prove that $E|X_1|<\infty$ and therefore $EX_1=0.$ - ## 2 Answers For every positive $n$ call $U_n=S_n/n$. There are two simple facts at th...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/mad?sort=active&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) is a measure of variability in a sample of data, and is often used as an alternative to measures like standard deviation since it is more resistant to outliers. 2answers 61 views ### Median + MAD for skewed data I am trying to figure out what happens if you apply h...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/180351/induction-commutes-with-duals-and-tensor-products
# Induction commutes with duals and tensor products I need references for the following two results. Let $G$ be a finite group and let $H$ be a subgroup of $G$. Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional representation of $H$. 1. $(\text{Ind}_H^G V)^{\ast} \cong \text{Ind}_H^G V^{\ast}$. 2. Given a finite-dimensional represent...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=199160&page=2
Physics Forums Pitch vs Noise? Hello everyone. I'm not a Physics major: I'm a Music major. And I have a question. I've read various books on acoustics, but I still haven't found the answer. Ok. The way I see it, there are 2 basic types of sounds (I didn't get this out of a book, it's my own conclusion from everyday ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/70920/showing-that-1-cos-t-cos2-t-dots-cos6-t-is-a-linearly-independ/70925
Showing that $\{ 1, \cos t, \cos^2 t, \dots, \cos^6 t \}$ is a linearly independent set The problem is: Show that $\{ 1, \cos t, \cos^2 t, \dots, \cos^6 t \}$ is a linearly independent set of functions defined on $\mathbb{R}$. The problem expects the student to use a computer program such as Matlab. To solve the pr...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/102463?sort=votes
## Ideals of etale structure sheaves ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is it known whether or not every sheaf of ideals of the etale structure sheaf of a Noetherian scheme is generated by finitely many of its sections? Of course it is trivially t...
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http://nrich.maths.org/1968/solution?nomenu=1
## 'Voting Paradox' printed from http://nrich.maths.org/ ### Show menu Many of the solutions sent in this month applied values to a candidate's position in a voters' list. For example, if someone voted BCA, B would get $2$ points, C $1$ point and A $0$ points. With one of these models applied to the example all candi...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/138377/n-distinct-objects-in-k-boxes-and-methods-for-solving-combinatorics-problem
# $n$ distinct objects in $k$ boxes, and methods for solving combinatorics problems I am a beginner in the subject of combinatorics and would like to know a few things. A) Someone please explain me how we get the K to the nth number of ways of distributing n distinct objects in k boxes. B) When do we use the followin...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/201335/bessel-and-cosine-function-identity-formula
# Bessel and cosine function identity formula by expanding into series ( sorry i have tried but get no answer) how could i prove that $$\sqrt \pi\frac{d^{1/2}}{dx^{1/2}}J_{0} (a\sqrt x) = \frac{\cos(a\sqrt x)}{\sqrt x}$$ - ## 2 Answers A related problem. The power series of $J_{0} (a\sqrt x)$ is $$J_{0} (a\sqrt x...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/9608/determining-distribution-of-maximum-of-dependent-normal-variables?answertab=active
# Determining distribution of maximum of dependent normal variables I have a stochastic variable x with this property: if it's measured at t1 and again at t2, then x(t2)-x(t1) has a normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation Sqrt[t2-t1]. I want to find the distribution of the maximum value this variable r...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/2360/what-exactly-is-meant-by-microstructure-noise/3277
# What exactly is meant by “microstructure noise”? I see that term tossed around a lot, in articles relating to HFT, and ultra high frequency data. It says at higher frequencies, smaller intervals, microstructure noise is very dominant. What is this microstructure noise that they refer to? - ## 5 Answers The term...
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http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Advanced_Classical_Mechanics/Dissipative_Forces
# Advanced Classical Mechanics/Dissipative Forces From Wikiversity Dissipative forces are forces of such nature that energy is lost from a system when motion takes place. Of course energy is in general conserved but it is lost from the degrees of freedom of interest into heat (the random motion of internal degrees of...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/66047/markov-processes-driven-by-the-noise
# Markov processes driven by the noise Let $\xi_n\in \Xi$ be a sequence of iid random variables with $n \in\mathbb N\cup\{0\}$, which we call a noise process. Construct a process $$Z_{n+1} = f(Z_n,\xi_n)\quad(\star)$$ with $Z_0\in E$ and $f:E\times\Xi\to E$ is a measurable function of two variables. Clearly, $Z$ is a ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/37730/conservation-of-energy-in-a-magnet/37732
# Conservation of Energy in a magnet When a permanent magnet attracts some object, lets say a steel ball, energy is converted into for instance kinetic energy and heat when attraction happens, and they eventually collide. Does this imply that energy is drawn from the magnetic field and the magnet is depleted, making i...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/51551/block-slides-on-smooth-triangular-wedge-kept-on-smooth-floor-find-velocity-of-we/52214
# block slides on smooth triangular wedge kept on smooth floor.Find velocity of wedge when block reaches bottom Find the velocity of the triangular block when the small block reaches the bottom: Here is what I did: The final velocity(at the bottom)of the small block of mass m is $\sqrt{2gh}$ along the plane of the in...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/36428/in-what-way-do-cooper-pairs-of-electrons-bond-and-stay-bonded-in-superconductors?answertab=oldest
# In what way do Cooper pairs of electrons bond and stay bonded in superconductors? I understand how electrons initially move into another's vicinity, but nowhere can I find a fathomable answer to this. Also, does the pairs forming 'a condensate' mean a Bose-Einstein condensate? - ## 3 Answers They don't really bin...
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http://terrytao.wordpress.com/tag/i-method/
What’s new Updates on my research and expository papers, discussion of open problems, and other maths-related topics. By Terence Tao # Tag Archive You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘I-method’ tag. ## Resonant decompositions and the I-method for the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation on R^2 24 Ap...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=24177
Physics Forums Thread Closed Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 > ## Meaning of operators for observables. I understand that observables in quantum mechanics are represented by hermitian operators, which are converted into a matrix when expressed in a particular basis. I also understand that when the basis used is an eigenba...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/169475/integrability-of-the-poisson-kernel
# Integrability of the Poisson kernel Let $$P_t(x)=\frac{2t}{\omega_{n+1} (|x|^2+t^2)^\frac{n+1}{2}}$$ denote to the Poisson kernel on the upper half space $\mathbb{R}^n\times \mathbb{R}_+$. How do I see $P_t \in L^1 \cap L^\infty$ and why can I conclude that $P_t \in L^p\ \forall\ 1\leq p \leq \infty$? - In spheric...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/18514-linear-approximation-application.html
# Thread: 1. ## Linear Approximation Application I'm having some trouble applying linear approximation and changes, so I'm stuck on this question. The diameter of a tree = 10 in. Circumference increases by 2 in About how much did the tree's diameter grow? How much did the tree's cross section area grow? I get the c...
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http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/reflect/reflect.html
# Acoustics and Vibration Animations Daniel A. Russell, Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University All text and images on this page are ©1997-2013 by Daniel A. Russell and may not used in other web pages or reports without permission. The content of this page was originally posted on March 21, ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/35562/is-a-1d-vector-also-a-scalar/35600
# Is a 1D vector also a scalar? A vector in one dimension has only one component. Can we consider it as a scalar at the same time? Why time is not a vector, although it can be negative and positive (when solving for time the kinematics equation for example)? - ## 4 Answers A scalar is defined to be invariant under...
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http://physics.aps.org/articles/print/v2/32
# Viewpoint: Weak measurements just got stronger , H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK Published April 27, 2009  |  Physics 2, 32 (2009)  |  DOI: 10.1103/Physics.2.32 In the weird world of quantum mechanics, looking at time flowing backwards allows us to look forward to precisio...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/3229/is-the-encryption-of-a-hash-a-good-mac
# Is the encryption of a hash a good MAC? At university we were told that it is a bad idea to implement a MAC by simply concatenating a key with the data to sign and to run it through a hash function (e.g. $s = \mathrm{hash}(k||\mathrm{data})$ or $s = \mathrm{hash}(\mathrm{data}||k)$). The next ideas that were present...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/46320/terminology-for-opposite-null-lines/46349
# Terminology for opposite null lines Is there a name for two null lines that lie on the opposite sides of the null cone? Each line can be obtained from the other by reflection in the axis of the null cone (the time-axis). In terms of world-lines, this corresponds to two photons moving in the opposite directions. If t...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/8580/where-can-i-find-the-measured-magnetic-moments-of-the-quarks?answertab=votes
# Where can I find the measured magnetic moments of the quarks? I read that the magnetic moment of the proton can be expressed as the sum of the magnetic moments of the three quarks like $\mu_p = \frac{4}{3}\mu_u - \frac{1}{3}\mu_d$. But I couldn't find a table listing the measured magnetic moments of the quarks. Can ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/102595/list
## Return to Answer 3 meeting objections Here are two inequivalent binary codes with the same distance enumerator. Code A consists of the codewords $a=00000000000$, $b=11110000000$, $c=11111111100$, $d=11000110011$; code R consists of the codewords $r=0000000000$, $s=1111000000$, $t=0111111111$, $u=1000111100$. Writi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45899/what-are-the-coefficients-and-in-this-equation-for-decompression-induced?answertab=active
# What are the coefficients α, β, and κ in this equation for decompression-induced gas bubble growth? I am reading a text about gas nuclei I encountered the following formula: $$r = \alpha + \beta \left( \frac{T}{P} \right)^\frac{1}{3} + \kappa \left( \frac{T}{P} \right)^\frac{2}{3}$$ $r$ is the critical radius of t...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/diagnostic+logistic
# Tagged Questions 1answer 63 views ### How do I compute a cutoff based on sensitivity/specificity when the characteristics of my sample is different from the population? I have a dataset containing the performance of a novel instrument to screen for disease A. The novel instrument uses a scoring system to score the...
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http://gafferongames.com/virtualgo/the-shape-of-the-go-stone/
# The Shape Of The Go Stone February 9, 2013 Hello, I’m Glenn Fiedler and welcome to Virtual Go, my project to simulate a Go board and stones. Our first goal is to develop a physically accurate simulation of the motion of a go stone. The first step towards this goal is to study and understand the shape of a go ston...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/179989/liar-functions-is-this-a-known-concept
# “Liar functions”: is this a known concept? While reading this comment and thinking about how you could change the functions without convergence (because the Lebesgue integral doesn't care about changes at countably many places), I just arrived at a concept which could be called "liar functions", for reasons which sh...
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http://www.sagemath.org/doc/prep/Advanced-2DPlotting.html
# Tutorial for Advanced 2d Plotting¶ This Sage document is one of the tutorials developed for the MAA PREP Workshop “Sage: Using Open-Source Mathematics Software with Undergraduates” (funding provided by NSF DUE 0817071). It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license (CC BY-SA). Thanks ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/18197?sort=newest
## restriction of a representation of GL(n) to GL(n-1) ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $R$ be real numbers and consider an irreducible unitary representation (\pi,V) of $GL_n(R)$ in some Hilbert space $V$, now $GL_{n-1}(R)$ embeds in $GL_n(...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/101994-integration-trigonometric-substitution.html
# Thread: 1. ## Integration by trigonometric substitution I'm new to this type of question and I can only get so far into the question before I don't know what to do - I haven't been taught more but I very much would like to know. Use the substitution $x$ = $3\sin\theta$ to show that $\int_{1.5}^{3} \sqrt{9 - x^2} ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/21663/recursions-which-define-polynomials
## Recursions which define polynomials ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) There are many examples (Somos sequences, special polynomials related to rational solutions of the Painleve equations) when a recurrence relation, which a priori produces a ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/35920/maximum-possible-information-in-the-universe
# Maximum Possible Information in the universe? I remember hearing about this in one of the programs in discovery science. The physicist claimed that the maximum possible information in the universe is (10)^(10^123) whereas the maximum possible information that can be known by man is (10)^(10^90). Can anyone explain t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/2014/if-you-break-a-stick-at-two-points-chosen-uniformly-the-probability-the-three-re/75876
## If you break a stick at two points chosen uniformly, the probability the three resulting sticks form a triangle is 1/4. Is there a “nice” proof of this fact? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) There is a standard problem in elementary probabil...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/8633/is-energy-exchange-quantized
# Is energy exchange quantized? In the photoelectric effect there is a threshold frequency that must be exceeded, to observe any electron emission, I have two questions about this. I) Lower than threshold: What happen with lesser frequency/energy photons? I mean there is no energy transferred? If some energy were tra...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/the-cross-product-and-pseudovectors/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=9916d21231
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Cross Product and Pseudovectors Finally we can get to something that is presented to students in multivariable calculus and physics classes as if it were a basic operation: the cross product of three-dimensional vectors. This only works out because the Hodge star defines an iso...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/4638/black-scholes-american-put-option
# Black-Scholes American Put Option Here is my question: This is a question about Black-Scholes model, but it may be applicable to more complicated models. Throughout the discussion, the strike price $K$, interest rate $r$ and volatility $\sigma$ will be assumed to be constant. The thing we are interested in is the ti...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/the-jacobian-of-a-composition/?like=1&_wpnonce=cb13afa090
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Jacobian of a Composition Let’s start today by introducing some notation for the Jacobian determinant which we introduced yesterday. We’ll write the Jacobian determinant of a differentiable function $f$ at a point $x$ as $J_f(x)=\det(df(x))$. Or, in more of a Leibnizean style: ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/64205/list
2 edited tags 1 # Ergodicity of Convoluted White Noise I have a question regarding ergodicity in infinite dimensional spaces. Let $\mathcal{D}$ be the space of distributions on a Schwartz space, and let $\mu$ be the white noise process which exists by the Bochner-Minlos theorem. We can define the translation $\tau_...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/98060/constructing-an-icosahedral-weight-2-eigenform/98352
## Constructing an icosahedral weight 2 eigenform? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) (This question is a spin-off from this other question, and is largely inspired by it.) Let $f \in S_1(\Gamma_1(800),\chi)$ be the weight-one "icosahedral" eigen...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/kinematics?sort=active&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions The description of the movement of bodies by their position, velocity, acceleration (and possibly higher time derivatives, such as, jerk) without concern for the underlying dynamics/forces/causes. 14answers 6k views ### Why does kinetic energy increase quadratically, not linearly, with speed? As ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/59128/ambiguity-in-computing-straight-line-complexity-of-multivariate-polynomials?answertab=votes
# Ambiguity in computing straight-line complexity of multivariate polynomials I was wondering: I'm desiring to compute the following polynomial, $X_1^2 + 2 X_1\cdot X_2 +X_2^2$ where $X_1,X_2$ are indeterminates. I can store intermediate results and use the binary operators of multiplication and addition on the indet...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/4635/understanding-weight-on-an-inclined-plane
# Understanding weight on an inclined plane I'm trying to solve a problem where I have an object resting on an inclined plane, with the angle of the plan being alpha, and the weight being w. I'm having trouble figuring out how I can calculate the component of the weight parallel to the plane. I also want to find out t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/64219?sort=newest
## Indecomposable vector spaces and the axiom of choice ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) It is a known result by A. Blass that the axiom of choice is equivalent to the assertion that every vector space has a basis. (Rubin's Equivalents of the Ax...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/matrices?page=5&sort=newest&pagesize=50
# Tagged Questions For any topic related to matrices. This includes: systems of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors (diagonalization, triangularization), determinant, trace, characteristic polynomial, adjugate, transpose, Jordan normal form, matrix algorithms (e.g. LU, Gauss elimination, SVD, QR), ... 1ans...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/256482/transition-functions-for-the-tautological-bundle
# Transition functions for the tautological bundle Define the tautological bundle over $CP^1$ to be $\tau = \{[a_1, a_2], (z_1, z_2) \in CP^1\times\mathbb{C}^2 | \exists \lambda \in \mathbb{C} \;\text{such that} \;\lambda (z_1,z_2) = (a_1, a_2) \}.$ Then $\tau$ trivializes over open sets $U_i = \{[a_1,a_2] | a_i \neq...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=184615&page=2
Physics Forums ## A proton is released from rest at the positive plate of a parallel-plate capacitor. A proton is released from rest at the positive plate of a parallel-plate capacitor. It crosses the capacitor and reaches the negative plate with a speed of 50,000 m/s. What will be the proton's final speed if the exp...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/16706/list
Return to Answer 3 added references The reason that in stochastic calculus the left-hand and right-hand sums give different integrals really all boils down to quadratic variations. Processes such as Brownian motion have non-zero quadratic variation. Suppose that you are integrating a process X with respect to some o...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/56182/almost-complex-integrability-and-algebraic-varieties
## Almost Complex Integrability and Algebraic Varieties ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $J$ be an almost complex structure on an algebraic variety $V$. As we all know, $J$ comes from a complex structure if the Nijenhuis tensor of $J$ vanish...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/6849-prove-question.html
# Thread: 1. ## a prove question How should I prove this question? Prove that any two integers that are associates have the same norm. 2. Originally Posted by beta12 How should I prove this question? Prove that any two integers that are associates have the same norm. Two elements a, b that are associates have the ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/120112-tricky-algebraic-manipulation.html
Thread: 1. tricky algebraic manipulation I need this $\frac{-18477 s-2.82843\times 10^8}{s^2+15307 s+4.\times 10^8}$ to be in this format : $\frac{s+a}{(s+a)^2+w^2}$ I can easily factor the top to get the "s+a", $-18477\frac{s+15307 }{s^2+15307s+4*10^8}$ Now $(s+15307)^2=s^2+30614 s+234304249$ but how can I facto...
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http://pvpmc.org/modeling-steps/shading-soiling-and-reflection-losses/incident-angle-reflection-losses/
PV Performance Modeling Collaborative A Collaborative Effort Between Sandia National Laboratories and Industry Aimed at Improving Photovoltaic Performance Modeling # Incident Angle Reflection Losses Unless the PV array is mounted on a 2-axis tracker, the incident angle for the direct component of the solar radiation...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/118389/pullback-and-pushforward
# Pullback and pushforward Say I have a scheme $X$, irreducible and of finite type over a field $k$, and a closed subscheme $Y$ of $X$ with associated closed immersion $i: Y \to X$. Consider a sheaf $F$ on $X$ (for the étale topology). How should I think about the sheaf $i_* i^* F$ and the kernel of $F \to i_* i^* F$...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/85102/list
Return to Answer 1 [made Community Wiki] This is profoundly less interesting to me than the other two answers already posted, but I think when I was in high school it would have been otherwise. Especially after having seen a bit of calculus. I recall being amazed that there were formulas --- polynomial formulas! ---...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/72769-conditional-probability-problem-makes-no-sense-me-intuitively.html
# Thread: 1. ## This conditional probability problem makes no sense to me intuitively "The king comes from a family of 2 children. What is the probability that the other child is his sister?" I know if I work through this problem using conditional probability concepts, the answer is 2/3. However, could someone expl...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/41307/how-does-one-calculate-the-volume-of-a-nucleus-and-the-volume-of-an-atom-in-thi?answertab=active
How does one calculate the volume of a nucleus and the volume of an atom (in this case hydrogen)? The hydrogen atom contains 1 proton and 1 electron. The radius of the proton is approximately 1.0 fm (femtometers), and the radius of the hydrogen atom is approximately 53 pm (picometers). - 1 Do you mean, how do you fi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/waves+fourier-transform
# Tagged Questions 0answers 46 views ### Fourier Transform of ribbon's beam Electric Field I have a monochromatic ribbon beam with $E(x)e^{i(kz-\omega t)}$ being the electric field's amplitude. I want to show that the lowest order approximation in terms of plane waves is ... 2answers 227 views ### Why are AC quanti...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/notation?page=3&sort=newest&pagesize=50
# Tagged Questions Question on the meaning, history, and usage of mathematical symbols and notation. Please remember to mention where (book, paper, webpage, etc.) you encountered any mathematical notation you are asking about. learn more… | top users | synonyms 1answer 47 views ### Notation for an Array What is th...
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http://nrich.maths.org/253/note
What is the limit as $x\to \infty$ of $x^n$?
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/4702/how-can-i-solve-a-difference-differential-equation
# How can I solve a difference-differential equation? How do I ask Mathematica to try to solve a recursive relation that defines a sequence of functions? For example, suppose I know that $g_n(x) = g_{n-1}'(x)$ for $n > 0$ and that $g_0(x) = e^{2x}$. How can I ask Mathematica to find a closed form for $g_n(x)$? (This i...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/12647/assuming-two-gaussian-distributions-of-equal-mean-and-variance-then-how-differe
# Assuming two Gaussian distributions of equal mean and variance, then how different can we expect the top X members of each group to be? Here's the thread I got the idea from: http://www.quora.com/Do-men-have-a-wider-variance-of-intelligence-than-women/answer/Ed-Yong Basically, this is a model that might be able to ...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=580787
Physics Forums ## How to find type of conic section from its general equation? Given the general equation of conic section: Ax2+Bxy+Cy2+Dx+Ey+F=0 How can we find the type of conic section from the above equation? I've used method of rotating coodinate around the origin (from Oxy to Ox'y', Ox' makes an angle θ to Ox, ...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4151241
Physics Forums ## Expected value paradox? Not long ago I was surprised to learn that when trying to maximize the expected long-term growth rate of your money, it is sometimes necessary to bet on an outcome that has negative expected value (in addition to outcomes that have positive expectation). See http://www.physic...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/245598/triple-integral-of-a-function
# Triple integral of a function Upon integration, $\int f(x) \implies$ area of curve. $\iint f(x) \implies$ volume under the curve. $\iiint f(x) \implies$ ? . We are expected to come up with something 4 dimensional? I simply know. $\iiint 1 \implies$ Volume. $\iiint \rho(x) \implies$ gives mass. - 1 What's the...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/164256/how-do-i-know-which-method-of-revolution-to-use-for-finding-volume-in-calculus/164260
# How do I know which method of revolution to use for finding volume in Calculus? Is there any easy way to decide which method I should use to find the volume of a revolution in Calculus? I'm currently in the middle of my second attempt at Calculus II, and I am getting tripped up once again by this concept, which seem...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?s=cd79260dce1bc057844bd82696bc1d59&p=3991780
Physics Forums ## kirchhoff voltage law hi! i understand how the krichoff current law works , but can someone explain me the derivation/proof of the voltage law . PhysOrg.com physics news on PhysOrg.com >> Promising doped zirconia>> New X-ray method shows how frog embryos could help thwart disease>> Bringing life ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/schrodinger-equation+mathematical-physics
# Tagged Questions 3answers 351 views ### Can we have discontinuous wavefunctions in the Infinite Square well? The energy eigenstates of the infinite square well problem look like the Fourier basis of L2 on the interval of the well. So then we should be able to for example make square waves that are an ... 1answer 2...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/123739/is-there-a-conceptual-reason-why-topological-spaces-have-quotient-structures-whil/123753
## Is there a conceptual reason why topological spaces have quotient structures while metric spaces don’t? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Of the mathematical objects that I am familiar with, it is normally the case that the product of 2 object...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/105713-sequences-series.html
Thread: 1. Sequences, Series 4. Prove that the terms of the sequence $U_n = n^{2}-10n+27$ are positive. For what value of $n$ is $U_n$ smallest? How do I do this? 2. Well first, n = 0 for $U_n$ to be the lowest, because any negative numbers squared would turn out positive, 0 is smaller than any positive number, so ...
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http://jeremykun.com/tag/geometric-transformations/
# Double Angle Trigonometric Formulas Posted on May 19, 2012 by Problem: Derive the double angle identities $\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin(\theta)\cos(\theta)\\ \cos(2\theta) = \cos^2(\theta) - \sin^2(\theta)$ Solution: Recall from linear algebra how one rotates a point in the plane. The matrix of rotation (derived by seei...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/33883/spectral-decomposition-of-a-normal-matrix?answertab=votes
# Spectral decomposition of a normal matrix I'd like to find the spectral decomposition of $A$: $$A = \begin{pmatrix} 2-i & -1 & 0\\ -1 & 1-i & 1\\ 0 & 1 & 2-i \end{pmatrix}$$ i.e. $A=\sum_{i}\lambda_i P_i$ where $P_i$ are the coordinate matrices (in the standard basis) of the corresponding orthogonal transformation...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/05/08/
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## DeMorgan’s Laws And here’s the post I wrote today: Today, I want to prove two equations that hold in any orthocomplemented lattice. They are the famous DeMorgan’s laws: $\displaystyle\neg(x\vee y)=\neg x\wedge\neg y$ $\displaystyle\neg(x\wedge y)=\neg x\vee\neg y$ First, we note...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/45264/algebraic-proof-of-a-trig-matrix-identity
# Algebraic proof of a trig matrix identity? I'll put the question first, and then the background, because I'm not sure that the background is necessary to answer the question: I have a geometric proof, but is there an elegant algebraic proof that $$\left[ \begin{matrix}-1 & 1 + \cos\frac{\pi}{2n} \\ -2 & 1 + 2\cos\f...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/112024/determine-the-percentage-needed-to-subtract-to-get-the-base-value/112034
# Determine the percentage needed to subtract to get the base value Given the value $N$ and the percentage $p$, where $N = G + G \times (p/100)$, $d$ is the percentage you need to subtract of $N$ to get the base value $G$. • Is there a general formula for determining $d$? • Is there a formula independent of $G$ and $...
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http://mathforum.org/mathimages/index.php?title=Transformation_Matrix&oldid=26052
# Transformation Matrix ### From Math Images Revision as of 14:15, 19 July 2011 by 144.118.94.68 (Talk) (diff) ←Older revision | Current revision (diff) | Newer revision→ (diff) A transformation matrix is a special matrix that can describe 2d and 3d transformations. Transformations are frequently used in linear alge...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/211291/show-that-if-l-1-1-and-l-2-2-are-both-modular-lattices-then-so-is
# Show that if $(L_1;≤_1)$ and $(L_2;≤_2)$ are both modular lattices then so is $(L_1 \times L_2;≤)$ [duplicate] Possible Duplicate: Cross Product of Partial Orders Suppose that $(L_1;≤_1)$ and $(L_2;≤_2)$ are partially ordered sets. We define a partial order $≤$ on the set $L_1 \times L_2$ in the most obvious way - ...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/4529/why-is-the-capm-securities-market-line-straight/4531
# Why is the CAPM securities market line straight? Let $\gamma$ be the expected return, in terms of its exponential growth rate, of the market asset. If we set $\gamma=\mu-\sigma^2/2$ as explained by the Doléans-Dade exponential, then the expected return of a balanced portfolio with fraction $\beta$ invested in the ma...
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http://www.nag.com/numeric/cl/nagdoc_cl23/html/S/s17avc.html
# NAG Library Function Documentnag_airy_bi_vector (s17avc) ## 1  Purpose nag_airy_bi_vector (s17avc) returns an array of values of the Airy function, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(x\right)$. ## 2  Specification #include <nag.h> #include <nags.h> void nag_airy_bi_vector (Integer n, const double x[], double f[], Integer ivalid...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/70132/list
## Return to Answer 3 deleted 1 characters in body A bit belatedly, but perhaps marginally usefully: first, yes, indeed, all you needed was that $f\in C^o_c(G)$ gave a compact operator, not even necessarily Hilbert-Schmidt or trace-class, tho' the latter does lead to further interesting things. Second, about integra...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/20089-subgroups-normal-subgroups.html
# Thread: 1. ## Subgroups and normal subgroups Hey I have a question out of my algebra text (Hungerford, p.92 #13) It asks to show that if G is a group containing a proper subgroup H of finite index, then it contains a proper normal subgroup of finite index. It's easy to show the fact if G is finite or abelian, but...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/159637-finding-stationary-points.html
# Thread: 1. ## Finding stationary points. Can somebody help me find the stationary points of this: \displaystyle{Q(x) = \frac{4x^2 + 20x + 25}{e^x}} and if the above doesnt display right it is: 4x^2+20x+25/e^x and give the value of the points? Also say whether points are a local max or min and explain why to me? ...
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