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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/202760/prove-the-trigonometric-identity?answertab=oldest
# Prove the trigonometric identity $$\cos^2\alpha-\cos^4\alpha+\sin^4\alpha=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\cos2\alpha$$ - Welcome to math.SE: since you are new, I wanted to let you know a few things about the site. In order to get the best possible answers, it is helpful if you say in what context you encountered the probl...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/users/163/joe-fitzsimons?tab=activity&sort=comments&page=3
# Joe Fitzsimons reputation 1237 bio website jfitzsimons.org location Singapore, Singapore age 31 member for 2 years, 6 months seen 1 hour ago profile views 453 I have just moved to the Center for Quantum Technologies in Singapore, after spending the last 3 years as a Merton Col...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/9719?sort=newest
## What is the Zariski closure of the space of semisimple Lie algebras? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Given Leonid Positselski's excellent answer and comments to this question, I expect that the present one is a hard question. Recall that the...
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http://mathforum.org/mathimages/index.php?title=Change_of_Coordinate_Systems&diff=10209&oldid=4290
Change of Coordinate Systems From Math Images (Difference between revisions) | | ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/143840/issues-with-text-problems?answertab=active
# Issues with text problems When I tutor, I often see people who kind of know the stuff they cover in school at the moment and succeed at straight problems like: Find the derivative of $f(x) = \frac 12 x^2$ But when it comes to text problems, they struggle to get started with the problem at all. A hill that can be ...
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http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Units,_significant_figures,_and_standard_procedures
# Units, significant figures, and standard procedures From Wikiversity This lesson is a part of the School of Physics In order to understand physics and work with physical theory accurately, there must first be a consistent understanding of the conventions and procedures of working out quantities and numbers. ## Uni...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/12737?sort=newest
## Necessary and sufficient criteria for a surface to cover a surface ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let S and S' be closed [Edit: orientable] surfaces, then it is well known that for S' to cover S it is necessary and sufficient that chi(S)|ch...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/48693/smooth-structures-on-the-connected-sum-of-a-manifold-with-an-exotic-sphere
## Smooth structures on the connected sum of a manifold with an Exotic sphere ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) What can we say about the connected sum of a manifold $M^n$ with an Exotic sphere? Is is possible some of them are still diffemorphic ...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/3952/is-it-possible-to-obtain-aes-128-key-from-a-known-ciphertext-plaintext-pair/3954
# Is it possible to obtain AES-128 key from a known ciphertext-plaintext pair? I have a file, which was encrypted with AES-128 in ECB mode. I know the format of the original file and know that all files in this format have the same headers. So, I have an encrypted block and the original block. Can I get the encryptio...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/847/law-of-cosines-with-impossible-triangles
Law of cosines with impossible triangles Is there any mathematical significance to the fact that the law of cosines... $$\cos(\textrm{angle between }a\textrm{ and }b) = \frac{a^2 + b^2 - c^2}{2ab}$$ ... for an impossible triangle yields a cosine $< -1$ (when $c > a+b$), or $> 1$ (when $c < \left|a-b\right|$) For ex...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/311172/can-we-say-that-2-random-variables-x-y-are-independent-if-px-mid-y-y-i
# Can we say that 2 random variables $(X, Y)$ are independent if $P(X \mid Y=y)$ is a function without $y$ Discrete Case: Random variable $X, Y$ are independent if $P(X \mid Y=y)$ is a function (which can be deemed as pmf for random variable $X \mid Y$) without $y$. Continuous Case: Random variable $X, Y$ are indep...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/46526/potential-energy-tends-to-infinity-on-the-n-body-problem
# Potential Energy tends to infinity on the N-Body Problem I need help to solve this problem related with the N-Body problem, i dont understand quite well what I need to define or to express in order to solve it. We assume a particular solution to the N-Body Problem, for all $t>0$, and $h>0$, where $h$ is the total e...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/13757/how-was-avogadros-number-first-determined/13936
# How was Avogadro's number first determined? I read on Wikipedia how the numerical value of Avogadro's number can be found by doing an experiment, provided you have the numerical value of Faraday's constant, but it seems to me that Faraday's constant could not be known before Avogadro's number ever was because it's t...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/86346/list
## Return to Question 3 added 110 characters in body A graph $G$ is connected if and only if the second-largest eigenvalue $\lambda_2$ of the Laplacian of $G$ is greater than zero. (See, e.g., the Wikipedia article on algebraic connectivity.) Is there an analogous statement for the eigenvalue $\lambda_2(M)$ of the L...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45963/do-black-holes-have-infinite-areas-and-volumes?answertab=active
# Do black holes have infinite areas and volumes? How to calculate the area / volume of a black hole? Is there a corresponding mathmetical function such as rotating 1/x around the x-axis or likewise to find the volume? - 1 Presumably the area and volumes are that of and inside the event horizon. – namehere Dec 5 '12...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/174745-need-help-kinematics-question-print.html
# Need help with a kinematics question Printable View • March 16th 2011, 03:25 AM Unagi9 Need help with a kinematics question Hi, I have a kinematics question which i can't solve and i need help. Here it is. A particle moves in a straight line passing a fixed point O with a velocity of 3m/s. It moves in such a manne...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/313706/let-g-be-a-bipartite-graph-all-of-whose-vertices-have-the-same-degree-d-show-th
# Let G be a bipartite graph all of whose vertices have the same degree d. Show that there are at least d distinct perfect matchings in G Let G be a bipartite graph all of whose vertices have the same degree d. Show that there are at least d distinct perfect matchings in G. (Two perfect matchings M1 and M2 are distinc...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/22480?sort=oldest
## triangulations of torus, general, and Euler number. (Hopefully more interesting/relevant) ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi, everyone: I have been going over some simplicial homology recently, hoping to get some geometric insight that I do...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/125089/continuity-in-the-extended-complex-plane
# Continuity in the extended complex plane Ahlfors says that for rational function $R(x) = \frac{P(z)}{Q(z)}$, we define $R(z)$ to be $\infty$ when $Q(z) = 0$. Then he says that $R(z)$ is clearly continuous. To me, $R(z)$ is clearly continuous at the points where $Q(z) \not = 0$. But for continuity, you need $|R(z) -...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1002/fourier-transform-for-dummies/1054
# Fourier transform for dummies A vague question of Kevin Lin which didn't quite fit at Mathoverflow: So ... what is the Fourier transform? What does it do? Why is it useful (both in math and in engineering, physics, etc)? (Answers at any level of sophistication are welcome.) - 2 – J. M. May 8 '11 at 21:49 When I ...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/09/03/the-weak-yoneda-lemma/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=18b5244a97
The Unapologetic Mathematician The Weak Yoneda Lemma The Yoneda Lemma is so intimately tied in with such fundamental concepts as representability, universality, limits, and so on, that it’s only natural for us to want to enrich it. Unfortunately, we’re only ready to talk about bijections of sets, not about isomorphis...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/160450-convergences.html
# Thread: 1. ## convergences -working in real numbers, true or false? proof or counterexample: (a) If $a_n$ is decreasing sequence of positive numbers, and $na_n \rightarrow 0$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$, then $\sum a_n$ converges. (b)If $\sum a_n$ converges, then $\sum \frac{a_n}{\sqrt{n}}$converges. (c)If $\sum a_...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/98775/ultimate-maximality-principle/98776
## Ultimate Maximality Principle ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I wonder if it's possible to formulate an "ultimate" maximality principle (UMP) and prove its consistency. I envision UMP to express the idea that no matter how we enlarge the uni...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/23745/walter-lewin-lecture-16-ball-bouncing-on-wall
# Walter Lewin Lecture 16 - Ball bouncing on wall? I never did Physics in university and I consider that a mistake so I am correcting that now by teaching myself. To that extent I have been watching the MIT lecture videos by Walter Lewin and I am currently up to Lecture 16. The lecture is about Elastic Collisions. In...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/2110/why-does-space-expansion-not-expand-matter?answertab=active
# Why does space expansion not expand matter? REFORMULATED: I have looked at the other questions (ie "why does space expansion affect matter") but can't find the answer I am looking for. My question: There is always mention of space expanding when we talk about the speed of galaxies relative to ours. Why, if space ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/54975/quantum-entanglement-whats-the-big-deal/55209
# Quantum Entanglement - What's the big deal? Bearing in mind I am a layman - with no background in physics - please could someone explain what the "big deal" is with quantum entanglement? I used to think I understood it - that 2 particles, say a light-year apart spatially, could affect each other physically, instant...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/22073/a-simple-generalization-of-the-littlewood-conjecture
## A Simple Generalization of the Littlewood Conjecture ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The Littlewood Conjecture asserts that for all real numbers $r$ and $s$, and for every `$\epsilon > 0$`, the inequality `$|x(rx-y)(sx-z)| < \epsilon$` is so...
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http://gilkalai.wordpress.com/2012/01/18/a-theorem-about-infinite-cardinals-everybody-should-know/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=bbf4ba6a50
Gil Kalai’s blog ## A Theorem About Infinite Cardinals Everybody Should Know Posted on January 18, 2012 by Cantor proved and we all know that for every cardinal  $\kappa$ we have $2^{\kappa}>{\kappa}.$ This is a very basic fact about cardinal arithmetic and it is nice that the proof works for finite and infinite c...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/21610-rates-change-print.html
rates of change Printable View • October 29th 2007, 08:59 PM mer1988 rates of change Sand falls from a hopper at a rate of 0.6 cubic meters per hour and forms a conical pile beneath. Suppose the radius of the cone is always half the height of the cone. (a) Find the rate at which the radius of the cone increases when...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=387947&page=3
Physics Forums Page 3 of 3 < 1 2 3 ## Could Dark Energy be Dark Matter cooling? This is amazing - I posted this question 2 years ago and then forgot about it - and just found it in my bookmarks... I love that a simple question has generated 3 pages of good debate from clever people... Job done! Thanks all f...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/176269-find-limit.html
Thread: 1. Find this limit (x^-2 - 3^-2)/ (x-3) find the limit as x approaches 3 i've tried changing the exponents into radical form so i can multiply the top and bottom by the conjugate but i can't seem to make it work.. can someone solve this for me please? 2. $\displaystyle \frac{x^{-2} - 3^{-2}}{x - 3} = \frac...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/89584/prove-or-disprove-validity-forall-x-exists-y-px-supset-qy-supset
Prove or disprove validity: $(\forall x \exists y (P(x) \supset Q(y))) \supset(\exists y \forall x (P (x) \supset Q(y)))$ I have working on this formula $(\forall x \exists y (P(x) \supset Q(y))) \supset (\exists y \forall x (P (x) \supset Q(y)))$ to either prove or disprove it. First, I tempted to disprove it, but I...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/1407/i-have-a-few-questions-about-the-random-oracle-model/1412
# I have a few questions about the random oracle model 1.) Proving the security of a scheme with the ROM takes two steps; first you prove that the sceme is secure in this idealized world where a random oracle exists and then you implement this scheme in the real world by replacing the RO with a hash function. Why woul...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/stress-energy-tensor+fluid-dynamics
Tagged Questions 1answer 83 views Stress energy tensor of a perfect fluid and four-velocity In the following demonstration, there is an error, but I cannot find where. (I explicitely put the $c^2$ to keep track of units). We consider a metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ with a signature $(-, +, +, +)$ : ... 1answer 92 views Showi...
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http://nrich.maths.org/6076/solution?nomenu=1
## 'Harmonically' printed from http://nrich.maths.org/ ### Show menu The Harmonic Series. Murat Aygen from Turkey sent this solution to part (a) and Dapeng Wang from Claremont Fan Court School and Sunil Ghosh from the Royal Grammar School, Guildford sent in essentially the same solution. Let us partition the terms ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/55588/how-do-you-calculate-this-limit-mathop-lim-limits-x-to-0-frac-sin/55596
# How do you calculate this limit $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sin (\sin x)}}{x}$? How do you calculate this limit $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sin (\sin x)}}{x}?$$ without derivatives please. Thanks. - 17 Hint: ${\displaystyle {\sin(\sin(x)) \over x} = {\sin(\sin(x)) \over \sin(x)} {\sin(...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-math-topics/103875-continued-function-print.html
# Continued function? Printable View • September 23rd 2009, 04:23 AM batman Continued function? I want to solve y=f(y+f(y+f(y+f(y+...)))), where f(x) is some bounded function increasing in x. First, what is the name of this kind of problem? I know of continued fractions, but here f(x) isn't of the form f(x)=1/(a+x)....
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/37947/implications-of-unruh-inertia-to-theories-of-gravity?answertab=votes
# Implications of Unruh-inertia to theories of gravity If it turns out to be true that the galaxy rotation curves can be explained away by Unruh modes that become greater than the Hubble scale at accelerations around $10^{-10} m/s^2$ as proposed in here, what modifications would have to be done to the effective Genera...
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http://linbaba.wordpress.com/2010/06/22/potts-model-and-monte-carlo-slow-down/
# Journey into Randomness ## Potts model and Monte Carlo Slow Down June 22, 2010 at 12:24 am (markov chain, Monte Carlo, probability) Tags: Ising, MCMC, Metropolis, Monte Carlo, Potts model A simple model of interacting particles The mean field Potts model is extremely simple: there are ${N}$ interacting particles ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/10063/inflation-factor-and-doubling-time
# Inflation factor and doubling time I get the general idea about cosmic inflation, but the numbers associated with it seem to be pulled out at random. For example, in The Elegant Universe, Brian Greene says that the universe doubled every 10^(-34) seconds about a hundred times to an overall factor of 10^30. Another...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/152046-implicit-differentiation-partial-differentiation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Implicit differentiation/ partial differentiation How do i find the partial derivative in terms of Y from the equation z = x^y even if X is held as a constant i dont know how to differentiate it :S 2. Actually, is the answer just zero? 3. Follow these steps, where $z_y$ means the derivative of z wit...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/users/22446/thomas-e?tab=activity&sort=all&page=3
# Thomas E. reputation 2724 bio website location age 22 member for 1 year, 4 months seen 2 mins ago profile views 407 Doing math. | | | bio | visits | | | |-------------|------------------|---------|----------|------------|-----...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/64286/dual-borel-conjecture-in-lavers-model
## Dual Borel conjecture in Laver’s model ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) A set $X\subseteq 2^\omega$ of reals is of strong measure zero (smz) if $X+M\not=2^\omega$ for every meager set $M$. (This is a theorem of Galvin-Mycielski-Solovay, but f...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/75867-simple-trigonometric-equations.html
# Thread: 1. ## Simple Trigonometric Equations These are hard for me right now, it will be fine once I understand it but I'm not sure because it's very confusing! If I had cos 3x = 0.5, would I: Use cos^-1 0.5 = 60 and because cos is positive in the second quadrant, would I add the 60 to 90 to make 150... then divid...
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http://www.cfd-online.com/W/index.php?title=Navier-Stokes_equations&oldid=14164
[Sponsors] Home > Wiki > Navier-Stokes equations # Navier-Stokes equations ### From CFD-Wiki Revision as of 14:42, 14 April 2012 by Michail (Talk | contribs) The Navier-Stokes equations are the basic governing equations for a viscous, heat conducting fluid. It is a vector equation obtained by applying Newton's Law ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/14939/does-godel-preclude-a-workable-toe/14944
# Does Godel preclude a workable TOE? Godel's incompleteness theorem prevents a universal axiomatic system for math. Is there any reason to believe that it also prevents a Theory of everything for physics? Edit: I haven't before seen a formulation of Godel that included time. The formulation I've seen is that any ax...
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http://www.newton.ac.uk/programmes/MOS/seminars/2011031610009.html
Navigation:  Home > MOS >  Seminars >  Guichard, O # MOS ## Seminar ### Domains of Discontinuity for Anosov Representations and Generalized Teichmüller Spaces Guichard, O (Paris-Sud 11) Wednesday 16 March 2011, 10:00-11:00 Satellite #### Abstract Many representations of surface groups (in particular those belong...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/20059/computing-3-points-gromov-witten-invariants-of-the-grassmannian
## Computing 3 points Gromov-Witten invariants of the Grassmannian ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) This is from an exercise in Koch, Vainsencher - An invitation to quamtum cohomology. Background The exercise asks to compute the 3-points Gromo...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/31893-discrete-math-set-question-someone-help-thank-you.html
# Thread: 1. ## Discrete math set question someone help?? thank you In a period of 4 weeks, Joe played tennis every day. He plays at least one set everyday, and played a total of 40 sets. (In each day the nubmer of sets Joe played is an integer.) Show that there is a consecutive span of days during which Joe played e...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/3674/random-sequence-generator-function
# Random Sequence Generator function By someone's suggestion, I am posting this question from math.stackexchange.com. I want to find out a function or algorithm, whichever is suitable, which can provide me a random sequence. Like Input: 3 Output: {1,2,3} or {1,3,2} or {2,1,3} or {2,3,1} or {3,1,3} or {3,2,1} Same ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/notation
# Tagged Questions Question on the meaning, history, and usage of mathematical symbols and notation. Please remember to mention where (book, paper, webpage, etc.) you encountered any mathematical notation you are asking about. learn more… | top users | synonyms 4answers 43 views ### Any commutative associative oper...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/94997/something-that-i-found-and-would-like-to-see-if-its-known?answertab=votes
# Something that I found, and would like to see if it's known. Well I am quite sure it's known (I mean number theory exists thousands of years), warning beforehand, it may look like numerology, but I try not to go to mysticism. So I was in a bus, and from boredom I started just adding numbers in the next way: $$1+1=2...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/51271/force-and-torque-question-on-an-isolated-system?answertab=active
# Force and Torque Question on an isolated system If there's a rigid rod in space, and you give some external force perpendicular to the rod at one of the ends for a short time, what happens? Specifically: What dependence does the moment of inertia have? If it rotates, what is the center of rotation? Does it matter t...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/27313/holographic-renormalization-in-non-ads-non-cft?answertab=oldest
# Holographic Renormalization in non-AdS/non-CFT In AdS/CFT, the story of renormalization has an elegant gravity dual. Regularizing the theory is done by putting a cutoff near the conformal boundary of AdS space, and renormalization is done by adding counterterms on that surface. Mathematically this is also interestin...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/statistics/182806-choosing-5-balls-10-black-20-white-40-red.html
# Thread: 1. ## Choosing 5 balls from 10 black, 20 white, 40 red. 10 black, 20 white, 40 red The question is what is probability when we reach 5 of them, and we have 2 white, 2 red, 1 black....... And some guy solved this question on youtube, and his answer was 12.2% He solve like : (20C2 x 40C2 x 10C1)/ (70C5) I k...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/27234-moment-generating-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## Moment generating function Ok, let's use the brute approach. This is a continuation of my previuos post: http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-he...ble-check.html which is meant to analytically calculate the moments of the following pdf (this is my problem!): $<br /> p(x;\lambda) =\left\{\begin{array}{c...
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http://www.quantumdiaries.org/tag/sigma/
# Quantum Diaries Thoughts on work and life from particle physicists from around the world. ## Posts Tagged ‘sigma’ ### A sigma here, a sigma there… Wednesday, May 9th, 2012 Whenever we come across a new result one of the first things we ask is “How many sigma is it?!” It’s a strange question, and one that deserve...
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http://complexzeta.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/arthur-merlin-games/
An Idelic Life Algebraic number theory and anything else I feel like telling the world about # Arthur-Merlin Games Thursday, May 31, 2007 in computational complexity We consider the graph isomorphism problem: Given two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$, are they isomorphic? If you solve this problem and find that the two grap...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/trigonometry/33711-distance-between-beam-cables.html
# Thread: 1. ## distance between a beam and cables a weight is supported by cables attached to both ends of a balance beam, as shown in the figure. What anles are formed between the beam and the cables? 2. Originally Posted by veronica mars a weight is supported by cables attached to both ends of a balance beam, as ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/45656/game-statistics-extracting-interesting-patterns-out-of-users-and-level
# Game statistics: Extracting interesting patterns out of users and level I made a small game and in course of time collected fair amount of data between users and level The level chart is long (120 levels) but looks somewhat like this $$\begin{array}{|c|c|} \text{level} & \text{No. of Users}\\\hline 5 & 20\\ 6 & 23...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/190084-scalar-multiplication-axioms.html
# Thread: 1. ## scalar multiplication axioms Scalar multiplication is defined generally as a function $S:E \times E \longrightarrow K$,where $K\in(R,C)$, $E$ - linear space, for which 5 axioms are true: $1. S(x+y,z)=S(x,z)+S(y,z)\\2. S(\lambda x,y)=\lambda S(x,y)\\3. S(x,y)=\bar {S(x,y)}\\4. S(x,x)\geq 0\\5. S(x,x)=...
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http://nrich.maths.org/304/index
### Sixational The nth term of a sequence is given by the formula n^3 + 11n . Find the first four terms of the sequence given by this formula and the first term of the sequence which is bigger than one million. Prove that all terms of the sequence are divisible by 6. ### LOGO Challenge - Sequences and Pentagrams Exp...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/4013/what-is-the-meaning-of-subadditivity-in-a-risk-measure?answertab=active
# What is the meaning of subadditivity in a risk measure? The subadditivity reads: $\rho(X_1+X_2) \leq \rho(X_1) + \rho(X_2)$ What is the meaning of this condition? I can vaguely accept that one should diversify the investment portfolio. Or, I can understand that $\rho(X_1+X_2)$ describes the situation of two assets...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/54516?sort=votes
## Is there an easy proof of the fact that the intermediate image functor respects weights? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) It was proven in BBD (see Corollary 5.3.2) that for an open immersion $j$ the functor $j_{!*}$ preserves weights of mixe...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/70081/volume-of-fundamental-domain-and-haar-measure
## Volume of fundamental domain and Haar measure ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In my research, I do need to know the Haar measure. I have spent some time on this subject, understanding theoretical part of the Haar measure, i.e existence and u...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_distribution
# Cauchy distribution Not to be confused with Lorenz curve. Parameters Probability density function The purple curve is the standard Cauchy distribution Cumulative distribution function $x_0\!$ location (real) γ > 0 scale (real) $\displaystyle x \in (-\infty, +\infty)\!$ $\frac{1}{\pi\gamma\,\left[1 + \left(\frac{x-...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/213250/converse-to-runges-approximation-theorem
Converse to Runge's approximation theorem I'm trying to prove the following fact If $K$ is a compact set whose complement is not connected, then there exists a function $f$ holomorphic in a neighborhood of $K$ which cannot be approximated uniformly by polynomials in $K$. This is an exercise from Stein & Shakarchi's ...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/563/pairing-friendly-curves-in-small-characteristic-fields?answertab=votes
# Pairing-friendly curves in small characteristic fields There are several well-known techniques to generate pairing-friendly curves of degrees 1 to 36 on prime fields GF(p): Cocks-Pinch, MNT, Brezing-Weng, and several others. In extension fields GF(p^n), however, one is confined to supersingular curves. In character...
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http://michaelnielsen.org/polymath1/index.php?title=Hyper-optimistic_conjecture
# Hyper-optimistic conjecture ### From Polymath1Wiki Gil Kalai and Tim Gowers have proposed a “hyper-optimistic” conjecture. Let $c^\mu_n$ be the maximum equal-slices measure of a line-free set. For instance, $c^\mu_0 = 1$, $c^\mu_1 = 2$, and $c^\mu_2 = 4$. As in the unweighted case, every time we find a subset B o...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=3934288
Physics Forums ## calculating axis of rotation hey guys, I have a problem I need to solve for my masters thesis. I have an object that rotates in 3D space. There is no translation. Given that I have coordinates of one landmark at 2 instances of time I need to calculate axis of rotation and angle of rotation. is thi...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/tags/mac/hot?filter=day
# Tag Info ## Hot answers tagged mac 3 ### When truncating an AES MAC value by “w” , how do I justify that “w” is still negligible? One of the factors that determines how hard it is to forge a MAC for a given message is how long the MAC is. If it's 1 bit long, you can definitely produce the correct MAC in two tries...
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http://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/risk-neutral-measure?sort=votes&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions The risk-neutral-measure tag has no wiki summary. 5answers 1k views ### Formal proof for risk-neutral pricing formula As you know, the key equation of risk neutral pricing is the following: $\exp^{-rt} S_t = E_Q[\exp^{-rT} S_T | \mathcal{F}_t]$ That is, discounted prices are Q-martingales. It mak...
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http://gilkalai.wordpress.com/2008/05/01/extremal-combinatorics-i/
Gil Kalai’s blog ## Extremal Combinatorics I: Extremal Problems on Set Systems Posted on May 1, 2008 by The “basic notion seminar” is an initiative of David Kazhdan who joined HU math department  around 2000. People give series of lectures about basic mathematics (or not so basic at times). Usually, speakers do not ...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=122924&page=9
Physics Forums Page 9 of 205 « First < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 59 109 > Last » ## The Should I Become a Mathematician? Thread Recently I encountered a book "Mathematical problem solving methods" written by L.C.Larson. There are many problems from the Putnam competition. My question is: how important ...
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http://cms.math.ca/10.4153/CMB-2012-038-2
Canadian Mathematical Society www.cms.math.ca | | | | | |----------|----|-----------|----| | | | | | | | | Site map | | | CMS store | | location:  Publications → journals → CMB Abstract view # Compact Subsets of the Glimm Space of a $C^*$-algebra Read artic...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/167142/general-theory-of-graph-coloring
# General theory of graph coloring In Ben Steven's article Colored graphs and their properties I read: We "color" a graph by assigning various colors to the vertices of that graph. [...] this process of coloring is generally governed by a set of coloring rules. For example, the most basic set of coloring rules, refer...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/113915/composition-of-topologically-connected-binary-relations
## Composition of (topologically) connected binary relations ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) My question seems far too basic to be unknown, but I could not find anything relevant... Let $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ be compact connected metric spaces, and ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/149283/steady-state-solution-of-diffusion-decay-pde
# Steady state solution of diffusion-decay PDE. Apologies for my overly simple problem. I am looking at the generic diffusion-decay PDE $$u_t=D\nabla^2u-\delta u(x,y,t),~u(0,0,t)=u_0,$$ and I am interested in the steady-state profile of $u(x,y,t)$, i.e. a solution to $$0=D\nabla^2u-\delta u(x,y,t),~u(0,0)=u_0.$$ ...
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http://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/6421/face-recognition-using-independent-component-analysis-ica
# Face recognition using independent component analysis (ICA) Reading about independent component analysis (ICA), I learned that one of its applications is face recognition. I think in this problem we have a database of images and a test image to be recognized. However, I can't figure out what the independent componen...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/11521?sort=votes
## What is affine invariant used in computer vision? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Affine invariant for 4 coplanar points ABCD is said to be `Area(ACD)/Area(ABC)`. Can somebody provide the proof of this means why is this invariant under affin...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/188039/showing-that-the-roots-of-a-polynomial-with-descending-positive-coefficients-lie?answertab=active
# Showing that the roots of a polynomial with descending positive coefficients lie in the unit disc. Let $P(z)=a_nz^n+\cdots+a_0$ be a polynomial whose coefficients satisfy $$0<a_0<a_1<\cdots<a_n.$$ I want to show that the roots of $P$ live in unit disc. The obvious idea is to use Rouche's theorem, but that doesn't q...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/10832?sort=oldest
## Standard name for basis-independent submatrices? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Given a linear map $T:H\to H$ on an inner-product space $H$ and a subspace $K\subseteq H$, define the map $T_K = \pi_K T \pi_K^* :K \to K$, where $\pi_K:H\to K$...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/73772/concrete-example-of-infty-categories
## Concrete example of $\infty$-categories. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I've seen many different notion of $\infty$-categories, actual I've seen the operadic-globular ones of Batanin and Leinster and the opetopic too and eventually I'll see...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/167554-virginia-state-standards-learning-algebra-problem-print.html
# Virginia state standards of Learning Algebra problem Printable View • January 5th 2011, 03:17 PM vaironxxrd Virginia state standards of Learning Algebra problem Hello Guys i just can't understand this question because i forgot much of my algebra's problem.. and as you can see this one has no explanation so if you g...
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http://www.mashpedia.com/Outlier
# Outlier Language Figure 1. Box plot of data from the Michelson-Morley Experiment displaying outliers in the middle column. In statistics, an outlier[1] is an observation that is numerically distant from the rest of the data. Grubbs[2] defined an outlier as: An outlying observation, or outlier, is one that appears ...
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http://regularize.wordpress.com/2012/08/
# regularize Trying to keep track of what I stumble upon Monthly Archive August 30, 2012 ## Open position in Optimization at my math department Posted by Dirk under Math | Tags: job advertisement, optimization | It’s out! Our department has a vacant position for optimization to fill! In particular we are looking ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/97117/functions-with-zero-derivative-on-manifolds-are-constant
# Functions with zero derivative on manifolds are constant. This seems obvious, but I'm having trouble carrying through the details. Suppose there is a smooth function $f$ with zero derivative on a manifold $M$ with $n$ connected components. Why is $f$ constant on each connected component? Detailed answers are very ...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/5254/explanation-of-the-decision-diffie-hellman-ddh-problem
# Explanation of the Decision Diffie Hellman (DDH) problem. I'm extremely new to crypto, and very much inexperienced. Lately I've been reading about the Diffie-Hellman key-exchange methods, and specifically about the computational diffie-hellman assumption vs. decision diffie-hellman assumption. Specifically I'm refer...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/63375/what-function-is-this/63384
# What function is this? I'm trying to find a function. And although it seems to be very simple at first I can't figure it out. Maybe I just need some sleep, and maybe someone could help me out. ````given an Integer x between 0 and 100: if x is between 0-10 then f(x)=0 if x is between 11-20 then f(x)=11 if x is betwe...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/118/why-square-the-difference-instead-of-taking-the-absolute-value-in-standard-devia/121
# Why square the difference instead of taking the absolute value in standard deviation? In the definition of standard deviation, why do we have to square the difference from the mean to get the mean (E) and take the square root back at the end? Can't we just simply take the absolute value of the difference instead and...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/6743/the-inverse-galois-problem-what-is-it-good-for/6754
## The inverse Galois problem, what is it good for? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Several years ago I attended a colloquium talk of an expert in Galois theory. He motivated some of his work on its relation with the inverse Galois problem. Dur...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/15482/how-do-i-calculate-the-position-on-the-bloch-sphere-of-a-quantum-gate-with-a-giv?answertab=active
# How do I calculate the position on the Bloch sphere of a quantum gate with a given diagonal matrix? In quantum computation there are several principal quantum gates that have corresponding matrix representations. One of these is the Z gate, whose matrix is $\left[\begin{smallmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{smallmatrix}...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/282402/at-what-speed-should-it-be-traveling-if-the-driver-aims-to-arrive-at-town-b-at-2
# At what speed should it be traveling if the driver aims to arrive at Town B at 2.00 pm? A car will travel from Town A to Town B. If it travels at a constant speed of 60 km/h, it will arrive at 3.00 pm. If travels at a constant speed of 80kh/h, it will arrive at 1.00 pm. At what speed should it be traveling if the dr...
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http://nrich.maths.org/2363
### Flexi Quads A quadrilateral changes shape with the edge lengths constant. Show the scalar product of the diagonals is constant. If the diagonals are perpendicular in one position are they always perpendicular? ### Flexi Quad Tan As a quadrilateral Q is deformed (keeping the edge lengths constnt) the diagonals an...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/48550/why-does-a-capacitor-discharge-a-percentage-of-the-original-energy-in-the-same-t/48551
# Why does a capacitor discharge a percentage of the original energy in the same time? If I charge a capacitor ($220\mu{F}$) using a 6V battery, and then measure the time it takes to discharge 90% of the initial energy over a resistor (${100k}\Omega$), and then charge the same capacitor using a 12V battery and measure...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/43683/subfactor-summer-reading-list/43696
Subfactor summer reading list Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Many people I talk to lament the nonexistence of a coherent source for learning the theory of subfactors. Could someone suggest a nice (ordered) list of books/papers to work through to ...
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http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
# Newton's law of universal gravitation Welcome to MedLibrary.org. For best results, we recommend beginning with the navigation links at the top of the page, which can guide you through our collection of over 14,000 medication labels and package inserts. For additional information on other topics which are not covered...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/109456?sort=votes
## Are extensions of linear algebraic groups (over a field) themselves linear algebraic? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The title says it all. A very similar question was asked and answered about linear groups, but none of the counterexamples...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/differential-geometry+tensors
# Tagged Questions 0answers 67 views ### Curvature and spacetime Suppose that it is given that the Riemann curvature tensor in a special kind of spacetime of dimension $d\geq2$ can be written as $$R_{abcd}=k(x^a)(g_{ac}g_{bd}-g_{ad}g_{bc})$$ where $x^a$ is a ... 1answer 112 views ### Ricci identity/Riemann curvatur...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/180855-using-discrete-continuous-rvs-distribution.html
# Thread: 1. ## Using discrete and continuous rvs in a distribution Suppose that W, the amount of moisture in the air on a given day, is a gamma random variable with parameters $(t, \beta)$ Suppose also that given that $W = w$, the number of accidents during that day - call it N - has a poisson distribution with mean...
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