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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/48048/how-can-crystal-structures-be-determined-using-x-ray-diffraction
# How can crystal structures be determined using X-ray diffraction? You have the intensity peaks and the diffraction angles. Let's say you suspect the material is cubic, how do I find if it's simple cubic or BCC or FCC? I've googled and all my textbooks just state that xrd is really nifty for determining crystal stru...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/35038/lorentz-invariance-of-maxwell-equations/35073
# Lorentz Invariance of Maxwell Equations I am curious to see a simple demonstration of how special relativity leads to Lorentz Invariance of the Maxwell Equations. Differential form will suffice. - ## 2 Answers Due to the constraint $\nabla \cdot B =0$, there exists a vector potential $A$ such that $B = \nabla \ti...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/116679/minimax-theorems-v-s-fixed-point-theorems?answertab=active
# Minimax Theorems V.S. Fixed Point Theorems. Is there any relationship between the minimax theorems $$\mbox{Regularly hypothesis on } f:U\times V\to\mathbb{R} \implies \min_{u}\max_{v}f(u,v)=\max_{v}\min_{u}f(u,v)$$ and fixed point theorems $$\mbox{Regularly hypothesis on } F:X\to X \implies F(x)=x, \mbox{ for some }...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/130695/show-that-the-following-is-logically-valid
# show that the following is logically valid Let $x,y$ be variables, $A(x,y)$ a formula in which both $x$ and $y$ occur free. Show that $$\forall x \Big(\forall y\big(A(x,y)\big)\Big) \to \forall y \Big(\forall x\big(A(x,y)\big)\Big)$$ is logically valid - 7 In what sense: Any model for the left is also a model f...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=396489
Physics Forums ## Coupled oscillators - mode and mode co-ordinates For this question I'm not going to introduce the particular problem I am working on, rather, I am merely wanting some explanation of a concept which I can't seem to find in any of my textbooks. I suspect the authors think it is just too obvious to bot...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/38615/proof-of-canonical-commutation-relation-ccr/38620
# Proof of Canonical Commutation Relation (CCR) I am not sure how $QP-PQ =i\hbar$ where $P$ represent momentum and $Q$ represent position. $Q$ and $P$ are matrices. The question would be, how can $Q$ and $P$ be formulated as a matrix? Also, what is the proof of this canonical commutation relation? - 1 This is a key ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/116808?sort=newest
## visualizing singularities of maps from sphere to R^2 ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there a classification of singularities from $S^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ ? The critical points of the map $(x,y) \mapsto (f_1(x,y),f_2(x,y))$ where the matrix...
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http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Talk:Gravity
# Talk:Gravity From Wikiversity ## Exercise The Apollo Command Module On July 20, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to land on the Moon. While Armstrong and Aldrin did important research on the surface of the moon, the third astronaut, Michael Collins orbited in the command module above. Determ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/differential-topology+reference-request
# Tagged Questions 1answer 39 views ### normal form of an n-form It is known, that one can convert any function $f(x_1,\dots,x_n)$, defined near $0$, into the function $(y_1,\dots,y_n)\mapsto a+y_1$, by a suitable local change of coordinates, provided $df\neq 0$. ... 1answer 57 views ### Example of a diffeomorphism...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/26665/given-an-alphabet-with-26-letters-how-many-reduced-alphabets-are-possible
# Given an alphabet with 26 letters, how many reduced alphabets are possible? I have an alphabet with 26 English letters. I can reduce it to 25 letters by representing two of the letters (e.g. O and X) with a new letter (e.g. $\otimes$). # 25 To get down to a 25 letter alphabet I have $26 \choose 2$ possibilities. S...
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http://mathpages.blogspot.com/2008/02/counting-points.html
Math Pages Blog God used beautiful mathematics in creating the world. Wednesday, February 13, 2008 Counting the points In the previous post, I wrote about an ancient paradox. The author of this paradox, Zeno of Elea, presented 7 paradoxes. In this post I will focus on another of his paradoxes. This paradox arises ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/50988-zeros.html
# Thread: 1. ## Zeros Given a cubic equation, such as x^3-2x, how many rational and irrational zeros are there? How do I figure this out? 2. There can be as many zeros as the number of the degree so there are 3 or less zeros the descartes rule of signs states that if you count the sign changes of the function, th...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminant_function
# Discriminant function analysis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Discriminant function) Jump to: navigation, search Discriminant function analysis is a statistical analysis to predict a categorical dependent variable (called a grouping variable) by one or more continuous or binary independent v...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/38401/spectrum-of-sum-of-operators-on-banach-spaces
# Spectrum of sum of operators on Banach spaces Let $A$ and $B$ be two operators on a Banach space $X$. I am interested in the relationship between the spectra of $A$, $B$ and $A+B$. In particular, are there any set theoretic inclusions or everything can happen in general like: $\sigma(A)\subset\sigma(A+B)$, and conve...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/7253-convergents-fixed-points.html
# Thread: 1. ## Convergents and Fixed Points Hey all. Could someone check my work here and get back to me before 9 central time. THanks, GREEN! *****Part A: Let f(x) = 1 / (x^2 + 3x -2) Find the fixed points for f. I got x = 0.85106383, x = -0.3191489, and x = -3.510638. Are these correct? *****Part B: Try dif...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/287866/fat-cantor-set
# “Fat” Cantor Set So the standard cantor set has an outer measure equal to 0, but how can you construct a "fat" cantor set with a positive outer measure? I was told that it is even possible to produce one with an outer measure of 1! I don't see how changing the size of the "chuck" taken out will change the value of t...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/numerical-linear-algebra
# Tagged Questions Questions on the various algorithms used in linear algebra computations (matrix computations). 0answers 12 views ### About the Generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD). I have studied about Singular value decomposition (SVD) and had solved few numerical examples to understand SVD. Now I am...
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http://programmingpraxis.com/2011/07/29/approximating-pi/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=dd1ec55e91
Programming Praxis A collection of etudes, updated weekly, for the education and enjoyment of the savvy programmer Approximating Pi July 29, 2011 In the two previous exercises we have seen three different methods for computing the prime-counting function π(n), all based on a formula of Legendre. We have also seen t...
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http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/22291/why-exactly-cant-a-single-resistor-be-used-for-many-parallel-leds
Why exactly can't a single resistor be used for many parallel LEDs? Why can't you use a single resistor for a number of LEDs in parallel instead of one each? - 4 Answers The main reason is because you can't safely connect diodes in parallel. So when we use one resistor, we have a current limit for the whole diode ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/41532/basic-relations-theorem/41537
# Basic relations theorem I need to prove that If relations $\rho$, $\sigma$ are both reflexive and symmetric, and their composition $\rho\sigma$ is symmetric, then $\rho\sigma = \rho\vee\sigma$. It's obvious that $\rho\sigma$ includes all relations from both $\rho$ and $\sigma$, but I'm having hard time proving tha...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/40750/vector-calculus-question
# Vector Calculus Question My question is: How can I solve the following problem? $C$ is the curve resulting from the intersection of $x+y+z=0$ with $x^2+y^2+z^2=4$, parameterized counterclockwise as seen from the positive $x$-direction. Evaluate $\int { ydx + zdy + xdz }$ Thanks. - 1 Have you drawn the graph of ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/21491/abc-conjecture-meets-catalan-conjecture/21617
## abc-conjecture meets Catalan conjecture? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm looking to efficiently zero-test "sparse integers", i.e. integers of the form $\sum C_i \cdot A_i^{X_i}$ (where $A_i, C_i, X_i$ are integers); equivalently test if ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/137397-polar-coordinate.html
# Thread: 1. ## polar coordinate Hi please, can you help me to solve this integral using polar coordinate Thank you $<br /> \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-(x^2+y^2)}dxdy<br />$ 2. $x^2+y^2=r^2$ Now you have $e^{-r^2}$ which is the same as doing polar since you have $x=rcos and y=rsin$ and squar...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/41611?sort=oldest
## $\omega$-triviality of knots? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) From the theory of finite type invariants of knots comes the concept of $n$-triviality. A knot is said to be $n$-trivial if there is some projection of the knot and $n$ pairwise-d...
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http://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/78/natural-candidates-for-the-hierarchy-inside-npi
# Natural candidates for the hierarchy inside NPI Let's assume that $\mathsf{P} \neq \mathsf{NP}$. $\mathsf{NPI}$ is the class of problems in $\mathsf{NP}$ which are neither in $\mathsf{P}$ nor in $\mathsf{NP}$-hard. You can find a list of problems conjectured to be $\mathsf{NPI}$ here. Ladner's theorem tells us that...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45208/would-a-gauss-rifle-based-on-generated-magnetic-fields-have-any-kickback?answertab=active
# Would a gauss rifle based on generated magnetic fields have any kickback? In the case of currently developing Gauss rifles, in which a slug is pulled down a line of electromagnets, facilitated by a micro-controller to achieve great speed in managing the switching of the magnets, does the weapon firing produce any re...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/11449/conversion-of-mass-to-energy-in-chemical-nuclear-reactions?answertab=oldest
# Conversion of mass to energy in chemical/nuclear reactions Is mass converted into energy in exothermic chemical / nuclear reactions? My (A Level) knowledge of chemistry suggests that this isn't the case. In a simple burning reaction, e.g. $C+O_2\to \text{CO}_2$, energy is released by the CO bonds forming; the atoms...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/210900/is-t2-a-prime-element-of-mathbbf-2t2-s2?answertab=votes
# Is $t^{2}$ a prime element of $\mathbb{F}_{2}(t^{2},s^{2})$? I wish to find out if $t^{2}$ is a prime element of $\mathbb{F}_{2}(t^{2},s^{2})$ so I can justify the use of Eisenstein on the polynomial $x^{2}-t^{2}\in\mathbb{F}_{2}(t^{2},s^{2})[x]$ I believe that it does since $\mathbb{F}_{2}(t^{2},s^{2})/\langle t^{...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/42500/mathbbrn-contains-no-subspace-homeomorphic-to-sn-borsuk-ulam
$\mathbb{R}^n$ contains no subspace homeomorphic to $S^n$ (Borsuk-Ulam) I want to prove that $\mathbb{R}^n$ contains no subspace homeomorphic to $S^n$, as per the wikipedia article I'm trying to set up a function $g:S^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ that would be injective, which cannot occur by Borsuk-Ulam. If I have a subspac...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/209278/gaussian-elimination-and-matrix-question?answertab=votes
# Gaussian Elimination and Matrix question Given the system of equations: $$x_1 + 5x_3 = 1$$ $$2x_1 – x_2 + 7x_3 = 7$$ $$2x_2 + cx_3 = – 1$$ where $c$ is a constant. (the number behind the $x$ is supposed to be a number lower than the $x$, I just don't know how to use the system in here to write equations yet). ...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=2923660
Physics Forums Thread Closed Page 1 of 2 1 2 > ## Has this equation got a solution? I worked hard to figure out whether this could be solvable or not x^0.5= -1 x belongs to any set in all of the mathematical world you prefer This can't be a homework I think. Note: it isn't x^2 = -1 Read up on imaginary nu...
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http://www.quantumdiaries.org/tag/lhc/
# Quantum Diaries Thoughts on work and life from particle physicists from around the world. ## Posts Tagged ‘LHC’ ### Tweeting the Higgs Wednesday, January 23rd, 2013 Back in July two seminars took place that discussed searches for the Higgs boson at the Tevatron and the LHC. After nearly 50 years of waiting an an...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/38282/find-flow-rate-of-the-aqueous-current-needed-to-process-benzene-hydrochloric-aci
# Find flow rate of the aqueous current needed to process benzene-hydrochloric acid solution [closed] I am trying to understand if my reasoning is right, as my exam is getting closer and I would really appreciate any feedback, I'd be very pleased to know if I have made any mistakes in solving this exercise. ## The pr...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/91373/list
## Return to Question 4 edited tags 3 added 1 characters in body I have the following problem: Let $\mathcal{G} = (G_{i}){i} G_{i})_{i}$ be a collection of graphs. I would like to find a "system of representative edges" $f : \mathcal{G} \rightarrow \bigcup{i} bigcup_{i} E(G_{i})$ such that $f(G_{i}) \in E(G_{i})$ an...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/108456/list
## Return to Question 2 typo corrected By standard homological algebra we know that $Ext(A,B)$ of $R$-modules classifies certain equivalence classes of short exact sequences $0\rightarrow A\rightarrow B\rightarrow C \rightarrow B A \rightarrow 0$ of $R$-modules, where $R$ is a commutative ring. I now would like to un...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/201104-power-series-center-convergence.html
# Thread: 1. ## power series and center of convergence I have a function g(x)=(2a)/(x^2-a^2) where a is some number greater than zero. I need to find a power series with a center of convergence at zero and then find the radius and the interval of convergence. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks 2. ## Re: power ser...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/11233/outcomes-of-earth-slowing-down-spinning-on-its-own-axis/11692
# Outcomes of earth slowing down spinning on its own axis What are the possible outcomes if earth slows down spinning on its own axis? To be specific: Can the decrease in the internal centrifugal (or centripetal) force due to slowing down earth's spin: a. change earth's structure given the fact that major part of ear...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/203609-how-does-autocorrelation-statisticians-relate-same-but-engineers.html
# Thread: 1. ## How does autocorrelation for statisticians relate to the same but for engineers? Hi, I was wondering if you could help me. I'm a little stuck with marrying up the ideas of autocorrelation from a statisticians point of view and an engineers point of view. I am neither of these but need to understand ho...
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http://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/252/what-is-an-effective-metric-of-complexity-for-an-artificial-neural-network/253
# What is an effective metric of complexity for an Artificial Neural Network? After asking the question What is the most complex neural network... I realized I don't really have a good metric of "complexity" in a general sense. The simplest measure would likely be count of neurons or number of synapses, but that fails...
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http://motls.blogspot.com.au/2012/09/raphael-bousso-is-right-about-firewalls.html?m=1
# The Reference Frame Our stringy Universe from a conservative viewpoint ## Saturday, September 29, 2012 ### Raphael Bousso is right about firewalls Five days ago, I reviewed the discussions on black hole firewalls, started by AMPS in July 2012. Joe Polchinski wrote a guest blog for Cosmic Variance yesterday. Duri...
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Stochastic_process
All Science Fair Projects Science Fair Project Encyclopedia for Schools! Search    Browse    Forum  Coach    Links    Editor    Help    Tell-a-Friend    Encyclopedia    Dictionary Science Fair Project...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/45734/kinetic-energy-and-rotational-motion
# Kinetic Energy And Rotational Motion The problem is, "A metal can containing condensed mushroom soup has mass 220 g, height 11.0 cm and diameter 6.38 cm. It is placed at rest on its side at the top of a 3.00-m-long incline that is at 30.0° to the horizontal and is then released to roll straight down. It reaches the ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-software/61731-separating-points-algorithm-print.html
# separating points algorithm Printable View • November 26th 2008, 01:41 AM Janik separating points algorithm Hi, I'm a belgian student in applied economics: commercial engineer. We have to write a paper including an algorithm for an optimization problem. Part of the exercise is to give and explain examples of softw...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/100265/not-especially-famous-long-open-problems-which-anyone-can-understand/103031
## Not especially famous, long-open problems which anyone can understand ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Question: I'm asking for a big list of not especially famous, long open problems that anyone can understand. Community wiki, so one problem...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/121131/list
## Return to Answer 3 added 19 characters in body $\pi_n(S^n)=[S^n,S^n]=$ cobordism \pi_n(S^n)=[S^n,S^n]=\lbrace$cobordism classes of framed submanifolds of dimension zero (0-submanifolds$\rbrace$by the Pontrjagin-Thom construction)construction. These are collections of points (with sign), and sign) which add up to g...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/55118/how-can-we-know-the-time-frames-for-events-in-the-early-universe
# How can we know the time frames for events in the early universe? I just finished watching Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (2010). Specifically the third episode titled 'The Story of Everything.' In the episode Hawking is explaining the mainstream theories of the events just after the Big Bang. What confuses...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math/209443-where-should-i-post-my-findings.html
Thread: 1. Where should I post my findings? I've been messing around with formulas, and although my findings aren't really new knowledge I feel like I should share them anyway. Would the correct place to share them be on a blog? Should I post them here on the forum somewhere? One of the formulas I found is a bit tou...
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http://www.askmehelpdesk.com/mathematics/how-find-surface-area-cone-terms-pi-683733.html
Browse All Topics Find questions to answer Find today's questions Find unanswered questions Search Search Forums Show Threads   Show Posts Advanced Search Home  ▸ Science ▸ Mathematics   »   how to find surface area of a cone in terms of pi how to find surface area of a cone in terms of pi Asked J...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/99483/positive-fourier-coefficients
## Positive Fourier coefficients ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Hi all, Is there any general way to construct a smooth 2pi periodic function which vanishes on an interval and has positive Fourier coefficients? And if that was too specific I ca...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/67878/list
## Return to Answer 2 added 287 characters in body No, there does not exist such a $V$. Let $W = V \cup (V \oplus r)$, and suppose $W = F \Delta Q$. Note that for $s \in {\mathbb Q}$, $W \cap (W \oplus s)$ is nonempty if and only if $s$ or $s-r$ or $s+r$ is an integer. But if $F$ contained an interval of positive le...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=3347406
Physics Forums Page 5 of 6 « First < 2 3 4 5 6 > Has this idea been explored? Dark matter as matter in parallel universes... Quote by DavidMcC But that is nothing in comparison with the added complexity of making the "one universe" cosmology fit with the rest of astronomical and cosmolog...
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http://gilkalai.wordpress.com/2012/11/17/a-few-mathematical-snapshots-from-india-icm2010/
Gil Kalai’s blog ## A Few Mathematical Snapshots from India (ICM2010) Posted on November 17, 2012 by Can you find Assaf in this picture? (Picture: Guy Kindler.) In my post about ICM 2010 and India I hardly mentioned any mathematics. So here are a couple of mathematical snapshots from India. Not so much from the lec...
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http://planetmath.org/chebyshevfunctions
# Chebyshev functions There are two different functions which are collectively known as the Chebyshev functions: $\displaystyle\vartheta(x)=\sum_{{p\leq x}}\log p.$ where the notation used indicates the summation over all positive primes $p$ less than or equal to $x$, and $\displaystyle\psi(x)=\sum_{{p\leq x}}k\log...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/287864/why-the-zeta-function
# Why the zeta function? Why is the zeta function, $\zeta(s)$ used to obtain information about the primes, namely giving explict formula for different prime counting functions, when there are many other functions that encode information about primes? For example, the relation: $$\frac{-\zeta'(s)}{\zeta(s)}=\sum_{n=1}...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/geometry/51125-solved-sat-geometry.html
# Thread: 1. ## [SOLVED] SAT geometry In the figure below, arc SBT is one quarter of a circle with center R and radius 6. If the length plus the width of rectangle ABCR is 8, then the perimeter of the darkened region is a) $8+3pi$ b) $10+3pi$ c) $14+3pi$ d) $1+6pi$ e) $12+6pi$ Can you please show the steps? Tha...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_cohomology
# Group cohomology In abstract algebra, homological algebra, algebraic topology and algebraic number theory, as well as in applications to group theory proper, group cohomology is a way to study groups using a sequence of functors Hn. The study of fixed points of groups acting on modules and quotient modules is a moti...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/schrodinger-equation+hamiltonian
# Tagged Questions 1answer 128 views ### How does a state in quantum mechanics evolve? I have a question about the time evolution of a state in quantum mechanics. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation is given as $$i\hbar\frac{d}{dt}|\psi(t)\rangle = H|\psi(t)\rangle$$ I am ... 2answers 402 views ### Two expressi...
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http://www.oilfieldwiki.com/wiki/Continuity_equation
# Continuity equation From Oilfield Wiki - the Oilfield Encyclopedia A continuity equation in physics is an equation that describes the transport of a conserved quantity. Since mass, energy, momentum, electric charge and other natural quantities are conserved under their respective appropriate conditions, a variety o...
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http://nrich.maths.org/5429/note
### Pebbles Place four pebbles on the sand in the form of a square. Keep adding as few pebbles as necessary to double the area. How many extra pebbles are added each time? ### It Figures Suppose we allow ourselves to use three numbers less than 10 and multiply them together. How many different products can you find?...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/2859-integers-print.html
# Integers Printable View • May 7th 2006, 09:50 AM mathlg Integers Find an integer n > 20 so that the equation 3x = b always have a unigue solution in Zn regardless of the value b Not to sure what Zn means Can the value of b be anything? • May 7th 2006, 10:07 AM ThePerfectHacker Quote: Originally Posted by mathlg ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/43336/blowups-of-cohen-macaulay-varieties
## Blowups of Cohen-Macaulay varieties ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Suppose that $X$ is a Cohen-Macaulay normal scheme/variety and $\pi : Y \to X$ is a proper birational map with $Y$ normal. Question: Is $Y$ also Cohen-Macaulay? Are there c...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/99753/why-is-the-riemann-integral-only-defined-on-compact-sets
Why is the Riemann integral only defined on compact sets? Every text I look at says a function must be bounded and be defined on a compact set before one can even think about the Riemann integral. Boundedness makes sense, otherwise the Darboux sums could be undefined. However, I don't see where it becomes important th...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/203888/listing-all-derangements-for-a-given-n?answertab=oldest
# Listing all derangements for a given n How to find all the derangements of [n]. Specifically,if n is 4? What is the process to get all the derangments in general? - Sorry, what do you mean by 'derangement'? Give an example. – Berci Sep 28 '12 at 9:40 3 – user1210233 Sep 28 '12 at 9:43 ## 2 Answers A braindead m...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/11021/can-a-planet-cover-the-whole-sky-as-seen-from-its-satellite/11102
# Can a planet cover the whole sky as seen from its satellite Sorry if this is a trivial question, but I do not know enough physics to answer this on my own. Can there exist a satellite that revolves around a planet so large such that the planet covers the entire sky as seen from at least one point on the satellite? ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/10666/isomorphism-types-or-structure-theory-for-nonstandard-analysis
## Isomorphism types or structure theory for nonstandard analysis ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) My question is about nonstandard analysis, and the diverse possibilities for the choice of the nonstandard model R*. Although one hears talk of th...
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http://cms.math.ca/10.4153/CJM-1999-052-4
Canadian Mathematical Society www.cms.math.ca | | | | | |----------|----|-----------|----| | | | | | | | | Site map | | | CMS store | | location:  Publications → journals → CJM Abstract view # Reflection Subquotients of Unitary Reflection Groups Read articl...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/175380-martingale-process.html
# Thread: 1. ## Martingale Process Hi everybody! $<br /> c_t^\gamma = \beta*rf*E_t(c_{t+1}^{\gamma})<br />$ 2. If $\beta=0$ then this is a martingale Can't you be more precise ? It could be an interesting discussion but we weren't here 3. Originally Posted by Moo If $\beta=0$ then this is a martingale Can't you be...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/02/18/how-to-use-the-ftoc/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=f636fc8316
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## How to Use the FToC I’ll get back to deconstructing comics another time. For now, I want to push on with some actual mathematics. After much blood, toil, tears, and sweat, we’ve proven the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. So what do we do with it? The answer’s in this diagram: Th...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/71507/analytic-continuation-of-fourier-transform?answertab=active
# analytic continuation of Fourier transform let be the Fourier transform $$h(u)= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} g(x) \exp(iux) \, \text{d}x$$ then let us suppose that for $|x| \to \infty$ the function $g$ goes as $$g(x) = \exp(-ax) \text{ for some positive $a$}$$ does it means that we can analytically continue the Fouri...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/113278/finding-the-random-r-in-a-paillier-encrypted-message-with-knowledge-of-the-pri
# Finding the random $r$ in a Paillier encrypted message with knowledge of the private key. In the Paillier cryptosystem, suppose that I know a Ciphertext encrypted with some unknown random $r$ i.e. $$C = (g^m r^n) \bmod n^2$$ I know $g, n$, the prime factorization of $n$, i.e., $pq$. I also know the private key $-$...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/moments?sort=votes&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions For questions about the moments of a random variable, that is, the expectation of $X^k$ where $X$ is a random variable and $k$ an integer (or a real number with $X$ non-negative). 2answers 786 views ### What's so 'moment' about 'moments' of a probability distribution? I KNOW what moments are and ...
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http://www.euro-math-soc.eu/node/2891
# The European Mathematical Society Hosted by: ## Mathematics of Approximation August 28, 2012 - 10:17 — Anonymous Author(s): Johan de Villiers Publisher: Atlantis Press/Springer Verlag Year: 2012 ISBN: 978-94-91216-49-7 (P), 978-94-91216-50-3 (E) Price (tentative): 59.95 € (net) Short description: This is the firs...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/77681/isoperimetric-like-inequality-for-non-convex-sets
## Isoperimetric-like inequality for non-convex sets ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The classical isoperimetric inequality can be stated as follows: if $A$ and $B$ are sets in the plane with the same area, and if $B$ is a disk, then the perime...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/business-math/69181-profit-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## Profit function! P(X) = -60X2 + 1500X - 4000 - 1 ≤ x ≤ 25 This is the profit function and its domain, 1) the value of X where there is a breakeven point 2) the value of X where profit be maximum thankyou so very much!!! 2. Originally Posted by karimwahab P(X) = -60X2 + 1500X - 4000 - 1 ≤ x ≤ 25 T...
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http://www.conservapedia.com/Field_(mathematics)
# Field (mathematics) ### From Conservapedia A field is a commutative ring which contains a non-zero multiplicative identity and all non-zero elements have multiplicative inverses. Loosely, a field is a collection of entities with well-behaved and compatible addition and multiplication operations. A few examples serv...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/21214/particular-problem-solved-by-solving-a-more-general-problem/21231
## Particular problem solved by solving a more general problem. ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) It is sometimes much easier to solve a general problem than a particular one. What are good examples in mathematics that are difficult to solve but ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/65021-p-extension.html
# Thread: 1. ## p-extension Let p be a prime and let $F$ be a field. Let $K/F, L/K$ be p-extensions. Then the Galois closure of $L$ over $F$ is a p-extension of $F$. ( $A$ is called a p-extension of $B$ if $A$ is a Galois extension of $B$ whose Galois group is a p-group.)
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_(mathematics)
# Norm (mathematics) In mathematics, the norm of a vector is its length. For the real numbers the only norm is the absolute value. For spaces with more dimensions the norm can be any function $p$ with 1. Scales for real numbers $a$, that is $p(ax) = |a|p(x)$ 2. Function of sum is less than sum of functions, that is $...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/132599-chain-rule-leibniz-notation.html
# Thread: 1. ## Chain Rule Leibniz Notation Hi, I have been stuck on this question for a really long time any help would be appreciated. Using leibniz notation, apply the chain to determine (dy/dx) at the indicated value of x. $y= u(2-u^2), u= (1/x), x=2$ I think that I have to use the product rule and then thee c...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/84696/can-one-easily-pick-out-a-basis-of-a-simple-lie-algebra-after-picking-a-convex-or
## Can one easily pick out a basis of a simple Lie algebra after picking a convex order? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) One of the basic results of Lie theory is that if one picks a Cartan subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra, there there is a c...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/49927-solved-differential-equation-help-print.html
# [SOLVED] Differential Equation Help Printable View • September 20th 2008, 05:47 PM Maccaman [SOLVED] Differential Equation Help Hi all, Earlier I started a thread with a past exam question that I wanted to understand before I attempted a homework question. It is similar to the question I posted earlier, but Im stil...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4206031
Physics Forums Thread Closed Page 10 of 10 « First < 7 8 9 10 Recognitions: Gold Member Science Advisor ## Julian Barbour on does time exist Quote by sshai45 Thanks for the response. I'm curious about that "bounce". Does it imply that the future of the universe is to recollapse ("Big Crun...
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http://nrich.maths.org/2654&part=
### Geoboards This practical challenge invites you to investigate the different squares you can make on a square geoboard or pegboard. ### Polydron This activity investigates how you might make squares and pentominoes from Polydron. ### Tiles on a Patio How many ways can you find of tiling the square patio, using ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/145121/how-to-manage-the-absolute-value-on-a-differential-equation-txat-xbt
# How to manage the absolute value on a differential equation $|T(x)'+A(T,x)+B(T,x)| = f(T,x)$ Hi everyone I need to solve an equation of this type: $|T(x)'+A(T,x)+B(T,x)| = f(T,x)$ with boundaries conditions. The absolute value is my problem. Of course without it, the solution of these is well treated in the lite...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/101814/points-on-deligne-lusztig-varieties-interpreting-borels-in-relative-position-as
## Points on Deligne-Lusztig varieties: Interpreting Borels in relative position as flags with conditions ### Background I am studying the paper "On the Green polynomials of classical groups" by Lusztig, in which he computes the values of the Deligne-Lusztig representation, corresponding to a Coxeter element of minim...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/90875?sort=oldest
## Extreme points of unit ball in tensor product of spaces ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $B_1, B_2$ be unit balls in finite-dimensional normed spaces $X_1, X_2$ respectively. Let $e(B_1), e(B_2)$ be corresponding extreme points sets. Con...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/258304/how-to-determine-the-length-of-the-wider-base-of-a-trapezoid-from-the-height-s/258305
# How to determine the length of the wider base of a trapezoid from the height + shorter base length + angles? Given a trapezoid like the one shown below, how do I determine the length of the wider base? I'm looking for a formula based method rather than drawing the shape and measuring it. - ## 1 Answer Use the Law...
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http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?108001-Destructive-interference-where-does-the-energy-go
• Forum • New Posts • FAQ • Calendar • Ban List • Community • Forum Actions • Encyclopedia • What's New? 1. If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You need to register and post an introductory thread before you can post to all subforums: click the register link above to pr...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/131652/how-to-measure-how-erratic-is-a-function-between-a-and-b?answertab=oldest
# How to measure how erratic is a function between a and b I need to compare the outputs of some functions and to rate their "erratness". Given a function, the less erratic function between a and b would be a straight line and the more erratic function would probably be a triangular or sine wave, the bigger its ampli...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/54481/why-is-linear-independence-of-harmonic-oscillator-solutions-important?answertab=active
# Why is linear independence of harmonic oscillator solutions important? The equation of motion for the harmonic oscillator (mass on spring model) $$\frac{d^2x}{dt^2} + \omega_0^2 x = 0$$ with $\omega_0^2 = D/m$, $D$ and $m$ being the force constant of the spring and the mass, has the solution $$x=ce^{\lambda t}$$ ...
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http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/41379/how-do-i-interpret-the-results-of-a-regression-which-involves-interaction-terms
# How do I interpret the results of a regression which involves interaction terms? If I have a linear regression of the form: $$y \sim 1+\beta_1x_1 + \beta_2x_1x_2,$$ where $x_2$ is a Boolean variable depending on another variable $x_{2cont}$, a positive variable: $$x_2 = \begin{cases} 1 & \mbox{if } x_{2cont} > 5 ...
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http://nrich.maths.org/6719
### Pebbles Place four pebbles on the sand in the form of a square. Keep adding as few pebbles as necessary to double the area. How many extra pebbles are added each time? ### It Figures Suppose we allow ourselves to use three numbers less than 10 and multiply them together. How many different products can you find?...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/321543/proving-that-2-3-sqrt-2-is-reducible-in-mathbbz-sqrt-2
# Proving that $2 + 3\sqrt{-2}$ is reducible in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-2}]$ Prove that $2 + 3\sqrt{-2}$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-2}]$ So far, I have let $2 + 3\sqrt{-2} = (a + b\sqrt{-2})(c+ d\sqrt{-2})$ I then took the norm and got $\mathbf{N}(2 + 3\sqrt{-2}) = 22 = (a^2 + 2 b^2)(c^2 + 2 d^2)$ I think I mu...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/51187?sort=newest
What is the generic poset used in forcing, really? Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm not a set theorist, but I understand the 'pop' version of set-theoretic forcing: in analogy with algebra, we can take a model of a set theory, and an 'indetermin...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/38511/flow-of-momentum-is-pressure?answertab=oldest
# Flow of momentum is pressure In the diagonal terms of the energy-momentum tensor, the flow of $x$-momentum in the $x$-direction is the $x$-pressure. Why the flow of momentum is pressure? - ## 1 Answer Consider some basic unit analysis. Pressure is defined as force/area which is the same as momentum/area/time sinc...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2009/09/22/hard-choices/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=55e0e6033e
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Hard Choices So yesterday we noted that the big conceptual problem with partial derivatives is that they’re highly dependent on a choice of basis. Before we generalize away from this, let’s note a few choices that we are going to make. First of all, we’re going to assume our space...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/181727-induction-help.html
Thread: 1. Induction help Hi I need help in regards with proving this problem. If the sequence is 1,13,37,73,121 then it should follow like this 1+12+24+36......12n+(12n+12) For the formula 6n^2 - 6n + 1. How would I go on to prove this with induction exactly? Thanks 2. Originally Posted by monkbear Hi I need help...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/56182-please-check-me.html
# Thread: 1. ## please check for me I have a theorem states that: Let $G=H\times K$, and let $H_{1}\triangleleft H$ and $K_{1}\triangleleft K$. Then $H_{1}\times K_{1}\triangleleft G$ and $G/(H_{1}\times K_{1})\cong(H/H_{1})\times(K/K_{1})$. Then I have this corollary: If $G=H\times K$, then $G/(H\times\{{1}\})\cong...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/19000/how-do-i-find-the-tension-in-additional-strings-in-this-problem?answertab=votes
# How do I find the tension in additional strings in this problem? A mass of 5.00 kg hangs attached to three strings as shown in the figure (see image below). Find the tension in each string. Hint: Consider the equilibrium of the point where the strings join. So finding $T_3$ was relative quick, knowing $W = mg$, $m ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/46929/schrodingers-equation-explanation-to-non-physicist/46972
# Schrodinger's equation (explanation to non physicist) For a report I'm writing on Quantum Computing, I'm interested in understanding a little about this famous equation. I'm an undergraduate student of math, so I can bear some formalism in the explanation. However I'm not so stupid to think I can understand this lan...
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