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chosen listlengths 2 2	rejected listlengths 2 2	source stringclasses 1 value
[ { "content": "Write a professional article that describes the history of the penny from its introduction in 1793 to the current day. Include its original purpose, how it has evolved over time, and how its design has changed. Discuss any controversies surrounding the penny, such as its production cost and how it...	[ { "content": "Write a professional article that describes the history of the penny from its introduction in 1793 to the current day. Include its original purpose, how it has evolved over time, and how its design has changed. Discuss any controversies surrounding the penny, such as its production cost and how it...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "given this background information\n<start of reference>\nThe moderate substitution of Astragalus sinicus returning for chemical fertilizer improves the N cycle function of key ecological bacterial clusters in soil\nAstragalus sinicus is a well-established resource of organic fertilizer widely used...	[ { "content": "given this background information\n<start of reference>\nThe moderate substitution of Astragalus sinicus returning for chemical fertilizer improves the N cycle function of key ecological bacterial clusters in soil\nAstragalus sinicus is a well-established resource of organic fertilizer widely used...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Refer to the information below to help with the following delimited in ###:\n###\nCrunchyroll Games To Publish My Hero Academia Mobile Game\n\nCrunchyroll Games announced today that they have officially taken over the publishing of My Hero Academia: The Strongest Hero. The company will partner wi...	[ { "content": "Refer to the information below to help with the following delimited in ###:\n###\nCrunchyroll Games To Publish My Hero Academia Mobile Game\n\nCrunchyroll Games announced today that they have officially taken over the publishing of My Hero Academia: The Strongest Hero. The company will partner wi...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "The following information may be useful:\n<start of reference>\nI give as the world can never give to you.\n\nJust as with all the opposites it takes experience. To know patience you must first know what impatience is. If you are going through loneliness, you shall know this opposite. If you are g...	[ { "content": "The following information may be useful:\n<start of reference>\nI give as the world can never give to you.\n\nJust as with all the opposites it takes experience. To know patience you must first know what impatience is. If you are going through loneliness, you shall know this opposite. If you are g...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\n<start of reference>\nAP Report: PA's Opioid Disaster Declaration Will Expire Next Week\n\nHARRISBURG – AP is reporting… Pennsylvania's opioid disaster declaration is set to expire at the end of Wednesday after state lawmakers, newly empowered to help manage statewide emergencies, decl...	[ { "content": "Reference:\n<start of reference>\nAP Report: PA's Opioid Disaster Declaration Will Expire Next Week\n\nHARRISBURG – AP is reporting… Pennsylvania's opioid disaster declaration is set to expire at the end of Wednesday after state lawmakers, newly empowered to help manage statewide emergencies, decl...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\nThe Kuala Lumpur City Grand Prix (also known as the KL City Grand Prix) was a motor racing event held on the Kuala Lumpur Street Circuit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The track and event overlay was designed and delivered by Apex Circuit Design Ltd.\n\nThe event was first held in 2015, ho...	[ { "content": "Reference:\nThe Kuala Lumpur City Grand Prix (also known as the KL City Grand Prix) was a motor racing event held on the Kuala Lumpur Street Circuit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The track and event overlay was designed and delivered by Apex Circuit Design Ltd.\n\nThe event was first held in 2015, ho...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Consider this reference information delimited in \"\"\":\n\"\"\"\nGlobal Ship Lease Inc (NYSE:GSL) crossed above its two hundred day moving average during trading on Friday . The stock has a two hundred day moving average of $7.62 and traded as high as $9.05. Global Ship Lease shares last traded a...	[ { "content": "Consider this reference information delimited in \"\"\":\n\"\"\"\nGlobal Ship Lease Inc (NYSE:GSL) crossed above its two hundred day moving average during trading on Friday . The stock has a two hundred day moving average of $7.62 and traded as high as $9.05. Global Ship Lease shares last traded a...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Act as if you are a medical researcher who is interested in improving blood flow to the heart for patients who have been diagnosed with heart failure. Describe your research methodology and discuss your plan to test the effects of different medications that have been proposed to improve blood flow...	[ { "content": "Act as if you are a medical researcher who is interested in improving blood flow to the heart for patients who have been diagnosed with heart failure. Describe your research methodology and discuss your plan to test the effects of different medications that have been proposed to improve blood flow...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Write a poem about stopping. This poem should use vivid, descriptive language to express the feeling of stopping and should focus on the emotions surrounding stopping rather than the physical act itself. The poem should be written in free verse with a consistent rhyme scheme and should be at least...	[ { "content": "Write a poem about stopping. This poem should use vivid, descriptive language to express the feeling of stopping and should focus on the emotions surrounding stopping rather than the physical act itself. The poem should be written in free verse with a consistent rhyme scheme and should be at least...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\nShare this article\n\nEarlier this month, Nicole shared a touching Valentine's Day tribute post in honour of her doting husband, Keith Urban, 53.\n\nBig Nic: Contrasting the image, Nicole also shared a close-up selfie showing herself in the present day, with her curly locks slightly co...	[ { "content": "Reference:\nShare this article\n\nEarlier this month, Nicole shared a touching Valentine's Day tribute post in honour of her doting husband, Keith Urban, 53.\n\nBig Nic: Contrasting the image, Nicole also shared a close-up selfie showing herself in the present day, with her curly locks slightly co...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\nShe perches high on the stand, gleaming whistle dangling, on her suit a duitiful, faded red cross. Mine her only life to guard, she does for a while watch the middle-aged woman who has nothing better to do than swim laps in the Y's indoor pool on a late Friday afternoon. I am slow, tho...	[ { "content": "Reference:\nShe perches high on the stand, gleaming whistle dangling, on her suit a duitiful, faded red cross. Mine her only life to guard, she does for a while watch the middle-aged woman who has nothing better to do than swim laps in the Y's indoor pool on a late Friday afternoon. I am slow, tho...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\nMaleena asks for help from a counselor. She tells the counselor that she has been feeling overwhelmed and stressed lately. The counselor helps Maleena to identify some of the sources of her stress and provides her with some coping me...	[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\nMaleena asks for help from a counselor. She tells the counselor that she has been feeling overwhelmed and stressed lately. The counselor helps Maleena to identify some of the sources of her stress and provides her with some coping me...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Consider this reference information delimited in \"\"\":\n\"\"\"\nOf the many steps required to become a police officer, one of them is graduating from police academy. The police academy is a series of rigorous educational and physical modules that help prepare potential law enforcement officers f...	[ { "content": "Consider this reference information delimited in \"\"\":\n\"\"\"\nOf the many steps required to become a police officer, one of them is graduating from police academy. The police academy is a series of rigorous educational and physical modules that help prepare potential law enforcement officers f...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nJames Vernon Handrahan (November 27, 1936 – November 2, 2016) was a Canadian professional baseball pitcher who pitched for the Kansas City Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1964 and 1966. He is noted for being one of only three major-league players from Prince Edw...	[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nJames Vernon Handrahan (November 27, 1936 – November 2, 2016) was a Canadian professional baseball pitcher who pitched for the Kansas City Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1964 and 1966. He is noted for being one of only three major-league players from Prince Edw...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Read this for context:\n<start of reference>\nDr Esther Ngan-ling Chow (born 1943) is a sociologist and Emerita Professor at the American University, Washington D.C., United States. \n\nShe was among the first sociologists to conduct sociological analyses of the intersectionality of race, class, a...	[ { "content": "Read this for context:\n<start of reference>\nDr Esther Ngan-ling Chow (born 1943) is a sociologist and Emerita Professor at the American University, Washington D.C., United States. \n\nShe was among the first sociologists to conduct sociological analyses of the intersectionality of race, class, a...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "The reference text below provides context for the following instruction:\nTrey sees a waitress across the room and begins to flirt with her. He walks over and begins chatting with her, eventually asking her out on a date.\n\nTrey: Hey there, cutie. I couldn't help but notice you from across the ro...	[ { "content": "The reference text below provides context for the following instruction:\nTrey sees a waitress across the room and begins to flirt with her. He walks over and begins chatting with her, eventually asking her out on a date.\n\nTrey: Hey there, cutie. I couldn't help but notice you from across the ro...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nBen Oss () is a Scottish mountain situated in the Stirling Council area, six kilometres south west of the village of Tyndrum within the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.\n\nOverview \nBen Oss reaches a height of 1029 metres (3376 feet) and qualifies as a Munro an...	[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nBen Oss () is a Scottish mountain situated in the Stirling Council area, six kilometres south west of the village of Tyndrum within the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.\n\nOverview \nBen Oss reaches a height of 1029 metres (3376 feet) and qualifies as a Munro an...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\n\"Storm Eunice is expected to be one of the biggest storms in recent years and we expect significant disruption to train services.\n\n\"The message to our customers is clear – do not use the train on Friday. Customers with tickets fo...	[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\n\"Storm Eunice is expected to be one of the biggest storms in recent years and we expect significant disruption to train services.\n\n\"The message to our customers is clear – do not use the train on Friday. Customers with tickets fo...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "What is the best way to cook a potato to get it as soft as possible?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Microwave, followed by boiling, followed by baking.", "role": "assistant" } ]	[ { "content": "What is the best way to cook a potato to get it as soft as possible?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Boiling a potato is the best way to get it as soft as possible.", "role": "assistant" } ]	helpsteer
[ { "content": "What is the history of the Craftsman style of home building, and what are some of its typical features?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Craftsman style of home building originated in the early 20th century and was popularized by the arts and crafts movement, which emphasized hand...	[ { "content": "What is the history of the Craftsman style of home building, and what are some of its typical features?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Craftsman style of home building originated in the United States during the early 20th century and was a response to the mass-produced architect...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "The reference text below provides context for the following instruction:\nWhat Shows Up On An Employment Background Check?\nCriminal Background\nCriminal Background checks uncover a variety of important information that can prove useful to employers looking for quality employees. Through a backgro...	[ { "content": "The reference text below provides context for the following instruction:\nWhat Shows Up On An Employment Background Check?\nCriminal Background\nCriminal Background checks uncover a variety of important information that can prove useful to employers looking for quality employees. Through a backgro...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\n<start of reference>\nTwo injured in Peshawar blast\n\nPESHAWAR: Two people, including a woman, sustained injuries in a blast in the limits of Agha Mir Jani Shah Police Station while a police constable was injured in an attack in Badaber.\n\nAn official said an explosion occurred close...	[ { "content": "Reference:\n<start of reference>\nTwo injured in Peshawar blast\n\nPESHAWAR: Two people, including a woman, sustained injuries in a blast in the limits of Agha Mir Jani Shah Police Station while a police constable was injured in an attack in Badaber.\n\nAn official said an explosion occurred close...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Consider this reference information delimited in \"\"\":\n\"\"\"\nMother tongue mirroring is the adaptation of word-for word translation in language education. The aim is to make foreign constructions salient and transparent to learners and, in many cases, spare them the technical jargon of gramma...	[ { "content": "Consider this reference information delimited in \"\"\":\n\"\"\"\nMother tongue mirroring is the adaptation of word-for word translation in language education. The aim is to make foreign constructions salient and transparent to learners and, in many cases, spare them the technical jargon of gramma...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Refer to the information below to help with the following delimited in ###:\n###\nIntroduction\nLaws prohibiting sodomy existed in the penal codes of numerous US states for more than 100 years, criminalizing this sexual behavior between same-sex and opposite-sex partners. Two challenges to these ...	[ { "content": "Refer to the information below to help with the following delimited in ###:\n###\nIntroduction\nLaws prohibiting sodomy existed in the penal codes of numerous US states for more than 100 years, criminalizing this sexual behavior between same-sex and opposite-sex partners. Two challenges to these ...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nAshland foot chase suspect indicted on multiple charges\n\nHenry Culvyhouse, The Daily Independent, Ashland, Ky.\n\nMarch 24, 2022, 6:46 AM·2 min read\n\nMar. 24—CATLETTSBURG — An Ashland man accused of leading police on a foot chase on U.S. 23 — nearly causing a deputy to ...	[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nAshland foot chase suspect indicted on multiple charges\n\nHenry Culvyhouse, The Daily Independent, Ashland, Ky.\n\nMarch 24, 2022, 6:46 AM·2 min read\n\nMar. 24—CATLETTSBURG — An Ashland man accused of leading police on a foot chase on U.S. 23 — nearly causing a deputy to ...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nHe laughed with a laugh that he wished was his laugh, but everyone knew it wasnt. When he laughed he would ask, \"Does that sound like my laugh?\" and everyone said, \"It doesnt.\" The laugh that he laughed that wasnt his laugh went \"Hardy har har, guffaw!\" The laugh that...	[ { "content": "Read this for context:\nHe laughed with a laugh that he wished was his laugh, but everyone knew it wasnt. When he laughed he would ask, \"Does that sound like my laugh?\" and everyone said, \"It doesnt.\" The laugh that he laughed that wasnt his laugh went \"Hardy har har, guffaw!\" The laugh that...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\n\" And with one last evil laugh, he began torching.\n\nSeems like the malevolent doctor is having a pretty good time. The same could not be said for the two Superkids. Superkid-mania was still in full swing. School was cancelled, muc...	[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\n\" And with one last evil laugh, he began torching.\n\nSeems like the malevolent doctor is having a pretty good time. The same could not be said for the two Superkids. Superkid-mania was still in full swing. School was cancelled, muc...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Background:\n<start of reference>\nEucalyptus decorticans, commonly known as the gum-top ironbark, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough, dark grey or black \"ironbark\" on the trunk and larger branches, smooth white bark on the thinner branches, lance-shaped to curved a...	[ { "content": "Background:\n<start of reference>\nEucalyptus decorticans, commonly known as the gum-top ironbark, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has rough, dark grey or black \"ironbark\" on the trunk and larger branches, smooth white bark on the thinner branches, lance-shaped to curved a...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "The reference text below provides context for the following instruction:\nEvelin feels hurt. His throat constricts and his eyes water. A tear slips down his cheek as he silently cries.\n\nEvelin: I can't believe you would say something like that to me, Mom. It really hurts.\nMother: Evelin, I'm so...	[ { "content": "The reference text below provides context for the following instruction:\nEvelin feels hurt. His throat constricts and his eyes water. A tear slips down his cheek as he silently cries.\n\nEvelin: I can't believe you would say something like that to me, Mom. It really hurts.\nMother: Evelin, I'm so...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\n(NIV)\n\nIn raising children, we are to teach them humility but not humiliate them.\n\n\" _6 But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his...	[ { "content": "according to the following reference text delimited in ###\n###\n(NIV)\n\nIn raising children, we are to teach them humility but not humiliate them.\n\n\" _6 But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "What is the best itinerary for a week-long trip to Paris?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hello", "role": "assistant" } ]	[ { "content": "What is the best itinerary for a week-long trip to Paris?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "You can start with the classic sights, like the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, and the Arc de Triomphe. Then, take a stroll along the Seine, visit the Palace of Versailles, and try some of the world-...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "What is the largest cargo ship in the world today, and what is its cargo capacity? What is the maximum cargo capacity of any freighter?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The largest cargo ship in the world today is the Cosco Shipping Virgo, which has a cargo capacity of 20,000 TEU (Tw...	[ { "content": "What is the largest cargo ship in the world today, and what is its cargo capacity? What is the maximum cargo capacity of any freighter?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The largest cargo ship in the world today is the \"CSCL Globe\", which is owned by the Chinese shipping company COS...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Background:\n<start of reference>\nEvery day the world financial system is moving closer to a cashless future, where money in coins or notes is replaced with digital currency such as Bitcoin.\n\nWhen you spend money or make a withdrawal from an ATM using the traditional monetary system, it is reco...	[ { "content": "Background:\n<start of reference>\nEvery day the world financial system is moving closer to a cashless future, where money in coins or notes is replaced with digital currency such as Bitcoin.\n\nWhen you spend money or make a withdrawal from an ATM using the traditional monetary system, it is reco...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "What is equality and how can it be achieved? What is the difference between equality and equity and how are they related?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Equality is the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities. It can be achieved through providing everyo...	[ { "content": "What is equality and how can it be achieved? What is the difference between equality and equity and how are they related?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Equality is the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities. It is the balance of rights and responsibil...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\n<start of reference>\nYatsen (NYSE:YSG) Now Covered by Analysts at Raymond James\n\nAnalysts at Raymond James assumed coverage on shares of Yatsen (NYSE:YSG) in a report released on Tuesday, The Fly reports. The brokerage set a \"market perform\" rating on the stock.\n\nA number of oth...	[ { "content": "Reference:\n<start of reference>\nYatsen (NYSE:YSG) Now Covered by Analysts at Raymond James\n\nAnalysts at Raymond James assumed coverage on shares of Yatsen (NYSE:YSG) in a report released on Tuesday, The Fly reports. The brokerage set a \"market perform\" rating on the stock.\n\nA number of oth...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "given this background information delimited in \"\"\"\n\"\"\"\nBonaventure (later known as Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine) was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1997. It was created as \"Bonaventure...	[ { "content": "given this background information delimited in \"\"\"\n\"\"\"\nBonaventure (later known as Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine) was a federal electoral district in the province of Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1997. It was created as \"Bonaventure...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Read this for context:\n<start of reference>\nWe were both bird spirits, destined to meet, as inevitable as the unfolding of the lily bud to the sun. She told me her story—it was as fantastic as my own!—a real Bloody Bones and Rawhead tale and we have been together ever since, contented, peaceful,...	[ { "content": "Read this for context:\n<start of reference>\nWe were both bird spirits, destined to meet, as inevitable as the unfolding of the lily bud to the sun. She told me her story—it was as fantastic as my own!—a real Bloody Bones and Rawhead tale and we have been together ever since, contented, peaceful,...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\nPearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or da...	[ { "content": "Reference:\nPearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or da...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\n1 1 About can mean near or nearly. A book can be about something or I can be about to do a thing and then refrain. To refrain is to stop yourself. A refrain is a repeated phrase. 2 This table is an antique from the early Machine Age. The indented circle within a circle motif which appe...	[ { "content": "Reference:\n1 1 About can mean near or nearly. A book can be about something or I can be about to do a thing and then refrain. To refrain is to stop yourself. A refrain is a repeated phrase. 2 This table is an antique from the early Machine Age. The indented circle within a circle motif which appe...	helpsteer
[ { "content": "Reference:\nThe \"Berserk\" manga, by Kentaro Miura, is a classic that will live on in legend.\nYou probably won't be the same person after reading Berserk, which features some of the most graphic violence and profound topics ever seen in a manga. The protagonist, \"Guts,\" is one of the most trag...	[ { "content": "Reference:\nThe \"Berserk\" manga, by Kentaro Miura, is a classic that will live on in legend.\nYou probably won't be the same person after reading Berserk, which features some of the most graphic violence and profound topics ever seen in a manga. The protagonist, \"Guts,\" is one of the most trag...	helpsteer