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--- abstract: 'We construct an example of a closed manifold with a nonflat reducible locally metric connection such that it preserves a conformal structure and such that it is not the Levi-Civita connection of a Riemannian metric.' address: - 'Institute of Mathematics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany' - 'Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, VIC, Australia' author: - 'Vladimir S. Matveev and Yuri Nikolayevsky' date: - - title: 'A counterexample to Belgun-Moroianu conjecture' --- Definitions and result. {#definitions-and-result. .unnumbered} ------------------------ All objects in our paper are assumed to be sufficiently smooth. We say that an affine torsion-free connection $\nabla$ on $M^n$ is locally metric, if in a neighborhood of any $p \in M^n$ there exists a Riemannian metric $g$ which is parallel with respect to $g$. We say that the connection preserves a conformal structure, if there exists a Riemannian metric $g'$ on $M^n$ such that for any vector field $V$ there exists a function $\mu$ such that $\nabla_Vg'= \mu g'$. We say that the connection is reducible, if its holonomy group $H_p\subseteq \mathrm{GL}(T_pM)$ is reducible, i.e., has a nontrivial invariant subspace. In [@BM Conjecture 1.3] it was conjectured by F. Belgun and A. Moroianu that on a closed manifold $M^n $ any reducible locally metric connection that preserves a conformal structure is the Levi-Civita connection of a certain Riemannian metric, or is flat. The main result of this paper is a counterexample to this statement. A counterexample to the Belgun-Moroianu conjecture. {#a-counterexample-to-the-belgun-moroianu-conjecture. .unnumbered} ------------------------------------------------------- We take any matrix $A= \begin{pmatrix}a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{pmatrix} \in \mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb{Z})$ such that its eigenvalues are real positive and one of the eigenvalues which we denote by $\lambda$ is greater than $1$. The other eigenvalue is clearly $\tfrac{1}{\lambda}$. For example, one can take $A= \begin{pmatrix}2 & 1 \\ 1& 1 \end{pmatrix}$. We take the 2-torus $T^2= \mathbb{R}^2/{\mathbb{Z}^2}$ with the standard coordinates $x \textrm{ mod } 1$, $y \textrm{ mod } 1$ and $\mathbb{R}_+:= \{z\in \mathbb{R} \mid z >0\}$. Consider the action of the group $\mathbb{Z}$ on the direct product $T^2 \times \mathbb{R}_+$ generated by $$\label{ac3} f: T^2 \times \mathbb{R}_+ \to T^2 \times \mathbb{R}_+\ ,\ \ \begin{pmatrix} x\\ y\\ z\end{pmatrix} \stackrel{f}{\longmapsto} \begin{pmatrix} A \left(\begin{array}{c} x\\ y\end{array}\right) \\ \lambda z\end{pmatrix}= \begin{pmatrix} a_{11} x + a_{12} y\\ a_{21} x + a_{22} y\\ \lambda z\end{pmatrix}.$$ As $A \in \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$, the mapping $f$ is well-defined and invertible. Since this action of $\mathbb{Z}$ is discrete and free, the quotient $M^3:= \left(T^2 \times \mathbb{R}_+\right)/{\mathbb{Z}}$ is a manifold. It is clearly closed (=compact) since it is homeomorphic to the following compact topological space: take the product of the torus $T^2$ and of the interval $[1,\lambda]$, and identify each point $\begin{pmatrix}x\\ y\\1 \end{pmatrix}$ of $T^2 \times \{1\}$ with the point $\begin{pmatrix} A \left(\begin{array}{c} x\\ y\end{array}\right) \\ \lambda \end{pmatrix}$ of $T^2 \times \{\lambda\}$. On $M^3$ we now construct a locally metric reducible nonflat connection. Denote by $v_1$ an eigenvector of $A$ corresponding to the eigenvalue $\lambda$ and by $v_2$ an eigenvector corresponding to $\tfrac{1}{\lambda}$. We think of $v_1, v_2$ as of vector fields on the whole $T^2\times \mathbb{R}_+$ by extending them by translations (so that $v_1, v_2$ have constant components relative to the frame $\tfrac{\partial }{\partial x}, \tfrac{\partial }{\partial y}, \tfrac{\partial }{\partial z}$). Denote by $v_3$ the vector $\tfrac{\partial }{\partial z}$. Consider the metric $g$ on $T^2\times \mathbb{R}_+$ such that at the point $(x,y,z)$ relative to the basis $v_1,v_2, v_3$ it is given by the matrix $$\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & z^4 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}.$$ An easy calculation shows that $f$ from acts by the homothecy of $g$ with the coefficient $\lambda$: indeed, $$df(v_1)= Av_1= \lambda v_1, \; df(v_2)= Av_2=\tfrac{1}{\lambda} v_2 \text{ and } df(v_3)= \lambda v_3,$$ which shows that the push-forwards $df(v_i)$ of the vectors $v_1, v_2, v_3$ are mutually orthogonal, and also that the $g$-length of the push-forward of $v_i$ is $\lambda$ times the $g$-length of $v_i$. Then both the Levi-Civita connection of $g$ and the conformal structure defined by $g$ are invariant with respect to the action of $f$. Therefore the former induces a connection $\nabla$ on $M^3$ which is a locally metric connection preserving the conformal structure. To see that the connection $\nabla$ is reducible, we observe that the vector fields $v_1,v_2, v_3$ commute and therefore induce a (local) coordinate system $(\tilde x, \tilde y, z)$ on $T^2\times \mathbb{R}_+$, where the fact that the third coordinate is just $z$ follows from $v_3= \tfrac{\partial }{\partial z}$. Relative to these coordinates, the metric $g$ has the form $$g= d\tilde x^2 + z^4 d \tilde y^2 + dz^2$$ and we see that the vector field $v_1= \tfrac{\partial }{\partial \tilde x}$ is parallel. Since the action of $\mathbb{Z}$ preserves the 1-dimensional distribution spanned by $v_1$, this 1-dimensional distribution is parallel and is therefore invariant with respect to the holonomy group. A direct calculation shows that the metric $g$ and therefore the connection $\nabla$ are not flat. Since the metric $g$ on $T^2\times \mathbb{R}_+$ is not complete, the connection $\nabla$ is also not complete and hence can not be the Levi-Civita connection of a Riemannian metric on $M^3$. Thus, we constructed an example of a closed manifold with a nonflat reducible torsion-free affine connection which is locally metric and preserves the conformal structure, but is not the Levi-Civita connection of any Riemannian metric. It is easy to generalize the example for any dimension $n\ge 3$. In dimension $n=2$, the Belgun-Moroianu conjecture is clearly true since any 2-dimensional locally metric reducible connection is flat. The ideas used in the construction of our counterexample came from the theory of compact solvmanifolds. The universal covering space of $M^3$ is $\tilde M^3= \mathbb{R}^2\times \mathbb{R}_+$. The lift of $\nabla$ to $\tilde M^3$ is the Levi-Civita connection of the lift of $g$, which we denote by $\tilde g$. The reducibility of the holonomy group produces two (mutually orthogonal totally geodesic) foliations on $\tilde M^3$. It is easy to see that 1. The leaf of one of these foliations is isometric to $\mathbb{R}$; the induced metric on it is complete and flat. 2. The leaf of another foliation is $\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}_+ $, and the induced metric on it is neither complete nor flat. 3. The universal cover $\tilde M^3$ is isometric to the direct product of a leaf of the first foliation and a leaf of the second foliation (with the induces metrics). We can show that the properties $(1,2,3)$ are necessary for any (real-analytic) counterexample to the Belgun-Moroianu conjecture; more precisely the following statement is true. Suppose a closed connected manifold $M$ carries a reducible, locally metric, nonflat, real-analytic connection $\nabla$ which preserves a conformal structure and which is not the Levi-Civita connection of any Riemannian metric. Then the universal cover $\tilde M$ is isometric to the direct product of $(\mathbb{R}^k, g_{\mathrm{standard}})\times (N,h)$ such that the Riemannian manifold $(N, h)$ is neither complete, nor flat, and such that the lift of $\nabla$ is the Levi-Civita connection of the product metric $g_{\mathrm{standard}} + h$. This statement, and also our study of reducible locally metric connections on closed manifolds were motivated by the study of conformally Berwald Finlser manifolds. We will prove this statement, explain the motivation and show its applications in Finsler geometry elsewhere. [99]{} F. Belgun, A. Moroianu, On the irreducibility of locally metric connections, Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelle’s Journal), February 2014, DOI: 10.1515/crelle-2013-0128.	2024-06-18T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1343
Background ========== The vast majority of fast synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system is glutamatergic. Proper expression, localization, and regulation of glutamate receptors are critical for brain development and plasticity. Not surprisingly, the molecular mechanisms controlling glutamate receptor expression, localization, and stability are of great interest. The most common recent approach to understanding these mechanisms has been biochemical: Proteins are identified based on a biochemical interaction with a glutamate receptor subunit. This approach has identified a number of important candidates, some of which have been subsequently shown to play important roles in glutamate receptor trafficking and stability at the PSD (for review see \[[@B1],[@B2]\]). An alternative approach is forward genetics: Mutant animals are screened for alterations in glutamate receptor localization. Perhaps the most well-known glutamate receptor trafficking protein identified via genetics is stargazin, which is disrupted in stargazer mutant mice \[[@B3]\]. The identification of stargazin was serendipitous; mammalian genetic screens are unfortunately still relatively time-consuming and expensive (though this may change as RNAi techniques advance). Most forward genetic screens glutamate receptor mutants have used C. elegans. Studies using C. eleganshave highlighted the importance of ubiquitination, CamKII, and PDZ proteins in controlling glutamate receptor number, and identified a novel protein required for nematode glutamate receptor function \[[@B4]-[@B7]\]. Unfortunately, glutamatergic synapses in C. elegansare accessible for electrophysiology only with great difficulty. The subunit composition of C. elegansreceptors in vivo has also not yet been determined, which hinders the study of subunit-specific trafficking mechanisms. Drosophilaare not only amenable to powerful genetics, but also contain glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) that are individually identifiable and accessible throughout development to high-resolution electrophysiological and microscopic techniques. These techniques have revealed a significant amount of information concerning this popular model synapse, including the exact subunit composition of glutamate receptors in vivo. DrosophilaNMJs contain two subtypes of postsynaptic glutamate receptor, which are molecularly, pharmacologically, and spatially distinct \[[@B8]-[@B11]\]. The \'A\' receptor subtype contains the subunit GluRIIA, in combination with subunits GluRIIC, GluRIID, and GluRIIE. The \'B\' receptor subtype contains the subunit GluRIIB, in combination with the subunits GluRIIC, GluRIID, and GluRIIE. Both receptor subtypes are most similar in sequence to mammalian kainate receptors. The Drosophilagenome also encodes receptor subunits with high similarity to mammalian AMPA, delta, and NMDA receptor subunits, but these proteins are not found postsynaptically in the NMJ. Virtually nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms that control Drosophilaglutamate receptor expression, localization, and stability. To determine the molecular mechanisms controlling Drosophilaglutamate receptor expression, localization, and stability, we are screening transposon insertion mutants generated by the Berkeley DrosophilaGene Disruption Project \[[@B12]\]. This mutant collection contains insertions in over 40% of the entire genome, and the insertion site for almost every mutant has already been identified by inverse PCR. With the addition of transposon insertions from other collections, it is likely that Drosophilists will have access to insertion mutants of almost every gene in the fly genome within a few years. Theoretically, one could quickly and efficiently identify the complete list of genes required for any particular process simply by examining a non-redundant set of mutants for a phenotype of interest. We are testing this idea and using this approach to define the broad categories of genes required for glutamate receptor cluster formation. We identified 57 lethal mutants with qualitatively abnormal glutamate receptor clusters. Here, we present this list and discuss the types of genes that are, and are not, represented. Because of the high prevalence of background mutations even in transposon mutant collections, the role of individual genes must be extensively confirmed before a role for any particular protein is assumed. However, this problem may be circumvented, and perhaps more insight gained, by focusing on the types of genes identified rather than the identity of individual genes. We do so here. Results ======= We sought to identify Drosophilamutants with abnormal glutamate receptor cluster development. Elimination of DrosophilaNMJ glutamate receptors results in paralysis and embryonic lethality \[[@B9]\]. Mutations that reduce (but do not eliminate) NMJ glutamate receptors allow hatching, but typically cause larval or pupal lethality \[[@B8]-[@B10]\]. Any effective screen for glutamate receptor cluster formation mutants must therefore include examination of homozygous lethal mutants. However, proper examination of glutamate receptor clusters in embryos and larvae requires technically challenging dissection techniques and time-consuming confocal microscopy. Therefore, we sought to minimize examination of mutants that do not have glutamate receptor cluster defects. To do this, we made the assumption, based on the studies cited above, that mutants with severe defects in glutamate receptor cluster formation are more likely to be homozygous lethal. Thus, the first step in our screen for mutants with reduced or eliminated glutamate receptors was identification of recessive lethal transposon mutants (e.g. insertions lines with no homozygous viable adults). We concentrated on the collection of GT1and SuPor-Pinsertion mutants, since these transposons were engineered for maximal gene disruption \[[@B13],[@B14]\]. Of 2185 mutants (representing insertions in approximately 16% of the entire genome), 220 insertion lines contained lethal mutations. Because a prerequisite for NMJ glutamate cluster formation is development of neuromusculature, we examined dechorionated embryos from each of the 220 stocks to ensure that homozygous mutants developed into \'morphologically mature\' late stage embryos typical of wildtype animals 16--17 hr after egg laying, AEL, which is when NMJs begin to form \[[@B15]-[@B18]\]. Morphological maturity was based on the presence of characteristics typical of late stage 17: clear segmentation, mouthhooks, condensed CNS, malphigian tubules, and visible trachea. 205 of 220 (93%) of the homozygous lethal mutants formed morphologically mature embryos. 202 of these mutants were rebalanced using a GFP-tagged balancer chromosome for unambiguous identification of homozygous mutant animals. We were unable to rebalance 3 mutant lines using chromosome-appropriate GFP-tagged balancers, possibly because the insertion mutant chromosome and balancer chromosome both contained lethal mutations that fail to complement. We then verified that all 202 GFP-balanced stocks did indeed carry recessive lethal mutations and determined the latest stage to which homozygous (non GFP) embryos and larvae lived. For each of the 202 balanced lines, several (typically 5--10) homozygous mutant animals, along with control heterozygous siblings, were manually dissected at the latest viable stage to expose NMJs on ventral longitudinal muscles, then fixed and stained using anti-HRP antibodies that recognize all neuronal membrane (including peripheral axons and NMJs) and anti-GluRIIA antibodies. After dissection, fixation, and staining, each of the 202 rebalanced mutant lines was examined for changes in NMJ morphology and glutamate receptor expression using laser-scanning confocal fluorescent microscopy. 57 of the 202 rebalanced lethal mutants (28%) displayed consistent (most NMJs in several animals) defects in glutamate receptor expression without severe presynaptic morphological abnormalities (e.g. 57 mutants were identified in which NMJs formed, but glutamate receptor clusters were altered). Examples of some of these phenotypes, from both embryonic and larval NMJs, are shown in Fig. [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}. All phenotypes could be classified into one of two broad categories: 1) loss of glutamate receptors (fewer glutamate receptor clusters or smaller individual clusters), or 2) gain of glutamate receptors (more clusters or larger clusters). We relied on cluster size and number because cluster size and number measurements (compared to fluorescence intensity measurements) avoid a requirement for fluorescence intensity calibration or problems associated with potential differences in background immunofluorescence between genotypes. Assuming constant receptor density, cluster size should be directly proportional to the number of clustered receptors. In support of this assumption, immunoreactive cluster sizes correlate well with high-resolution patch-clamp electrophysiological measurements between genotypes \[[@B11],[@B19],[@B20]\] and throughout embryonic/larval NMJ development (Featherstone, unpublished observations). Most (84%) of the mutants with disruptions in glutamate receptor clusters showed a qualitative loss in receptors. Severe loss of GluRIIA was always associated with embryonic/L1 lethality. One example is P{SUPor-P}KG00333, which shows a complete loss of A-type receptors despite the presence of morphologically normal presynaptic terminals (Fig. [1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, left). Some mutants with loss of receptors survived until pupation. An example of a third instar viable mutant, P{SUPor-P} Chro^KG03258^, with reduced GluRIIA is shown in Fig. [1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"} (middle column). A minority (16%) of third instar viable mutants showed a qualitative increase in GluRIIA immunoreactivity. An example of one of these mutants, P{SUPor-P} vri^KG01220^, is shown in Fig. [1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"} (right column). Except for P{SUPor-P}KG00212, all of the mutants that displayed an increase in GluRIIA immunoreactivity were viable as third instar larvae and also displayed an increase in the number of presynaptic boutons. This presynaptic phenotype is consistent with previous Drosophilastudies showing that overexpression of postsynaptic GluRIIA causes presynaptic overgrowth \[[@B21]\]. BG and KG transposons are designed to generate loss of function mutations. Therefore, the isolation of mutants with increased receptor cluster size suggests that receptor insertion and clustering per se are not rate-limiting. There are molecular mechanisms, revealed by our screen, that actively restrain the number of synaptic glutamate receptors. For all of the mutants identified in our screen, the Gene Disruption Project has precisely determined the genomic insertion site of the transposon using inverse PCR. In the vast majority of cases, inverse PCR results were consistent with a unique insertion, and in most cases the flanking genomic sequence revealed that the insertion was in an annotated gene. For each of the mutants identified in our screen, we used the BDGDP P-screen database <http://flypush.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu/pscreen/> and/or BLAST searches with flanking genomic sequence from iPCR results to identify which gene was mutated by the inserted P-element. Putative functions were assigned to each of these genes based on previous publications, FlyBase annotations, and/or Genbank BLAST searches. We binned each of the insertion site genes into one of the following functional categories: 1) extracellular matrix proteins (mucins), 2) cell adhesion proteins 3) cytoskeleton proteins, cytoskeletal regulators, and adaptor proteins, 4) kinases and phosphatases, 5) ubiqitination proteins (ubiquitin ligases), 6) transporters/pumps, 7) proteins involved in gene expression and protein translation, 8) enzymes, and 9) proteins of unknown/novel function. These categories, and the relative number of proteins in each category, are illustrated by Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. All categories shown in Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} were represented by at least two mutant genes. Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"} contains the complete list of all mutants identified in our screen, listed by functional category. For each mutant, Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"} indicates whether the phenotype was loss (down arrow) or increase (up arrow) in postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"} also lists the Drosophilagene in which each transposon is inserted, and the mouse homolog of each of those genes (identified by BLASTP against the mouse genome refseq protein database; <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/seq/MmBlast.html>). A definitive test of whether any particular gene is required for glutamate receptor cluster development requires precise excision of each P-element insertion, or transgenic rescue, followed by re-examination of the NMJ at the same developmental stage -- a task which is not practical on a genomic scale. However, we performed two broad types of checks to identify potential caveats in our results: expression analysis and complementation tests for lethality. Drosophilaglutamate receptors are expressed in neurons and muscles. Thus, any gene required for expression and/or localization of glutamate receptors should be expressed in neurons and/or muscles. The Drosophilagene expression database (accessed at: <http://www.fruitfly.org/cgi-bin/ex/insitu.pl>) describes expression patterns of approximately 3300 different Drosophilagenes (\~24% of the genome), as determined by embryonic in situ cDNA hybridization \[[@B22]\]. Of these 3300 genes, which presumably represent a random \'sampling\' of the genome, 2350 (71%) are expressed in the nervous system and/or body wall muscles. The gene expression database contains data for 28 (49%) of the genes identified in our study. 24 (86%) of these genes identified by our screen are expressed in the nervous or muscular systems. 4 (14%) of the genes identified in our screen are annotated as not detectably expressed in the nervous or muscular systems. Thus, most (86%) of the genes identified in our screen have expression patterns consistent with the conclusion that these genes are important for glutamate receptor cluster development, but we did not identify neuronal and muscle genes significantly above the level expected by a random sampling of the genome -- possibly because the fraction of genes expressed in neurons and muscles (71%) is quite high to begin with. There may also be cell non autonomous roles for some genes with regard to receptor expression and/or localization. Although all of the mutants identified in our screens displayed a receptor phenotype, and all of the mutants contain a unique P-element insertion, an important genetic caveat is that the receptor phenotype may not actually be caused by the transposon insertion. For example, the P-element mobilizations that generated each of the P-element alleles for the gene disruption project may have also created second-site mutations in an unknown locus. Spontaneous mutations can also be easily stabilized and propagated in a stock carrying a balanced lethal mutant chromosome such as those screened here. To estimate the frequency of background mutations in this transposon mutant collection, we performed complementation tests to determine whether the P-element insertions failed to complement lethal alleles of the same insertion locus. Of the 57 mutants identified in our screen, 20 were tested for complementation to deficiencies that remove the insertion site. Ten (50%) of the complementation tests failed, suggesting that lethality in half of the mutants may be caused by a mutation other than the P-element insertion. These results are consistent with those from a related screen for presynaptic morphology mutants (Liebl FLW, Werner KM, McCabe BD, Featherstone DE: A Genome-Wide P-element screen for Drosophila synaptogenesis mutants. Manuscript in preparation), which included complementation tests to over 80 genes. Complementation did not appear to be biased for any particular type of gene (in this or the related Liebl et al study). We did not systematically test for complementation of the receptor cluster phenotypes. Discussion ========== In an effort to identify new genes required for glutamate receptor cluster development, we screened lethal transposon insertion mutants for alterations in postsynaptic glutamate receptor clusters. 202 lethal insertion lines, representing insertions in \~1.4% of the genome, were manually dissected and glutamate receptor clusters were examined using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. This screen identified 57 mutations in 56 different loci. Transposon mutageneses are becoming increasingly popular, because a transposon insertion simultaneously mutates and \'tags\' a gene. An assumption of all transposon mutagenesis (and subsequent screens) is that the insertion locus is responsible for any observed phenotype. Expression analysis showed that the expression pattern of insertion loci identified in our screen is broadly consistent with that expected from genes involved in glutamate receptor cluster development, but also not compellingly different (86% vs. 71%) from that expected from a random sampling of the genome. Furthermore, complementation tests suggest that approximately one-half of the lethality observed in our screen was not due to disruption of the insertion locus. Thus, it is impossible to definitively say which particular genes are important without extensive validation of each candidate. And even with extensive validation sufficient to confirm that a particular locus is involved, it is difficult to know whether a gene\'s role in receptor cluster formation is indirect with regard to glutamate receptor cluster formation (i.e. whether a gene product regulates another protein which in turn clusters receptors). Nevertheless, one cannot discount our results without also casting aside the fact that decades of forward genetic screens have successfully identified many genes critical for many different processes \[[@B23]\]. But how does one decide which screen \'hits\' to trust, and is there any way to usefully interpret results of forward genetic screens? Should we exclude from consideration all mutants in which lethality was complemented (and conversely accept all mutants in which lethality failed to be complemented)? This depends on the degree of coupling between two different phenotypes: lethality and abnormal glutamate receptor cluster development. To enrich for mutants with receptor cluster defects, we examined only homozygous lethal mutants, on the assumption that GluRIIA cluster defects and lethality are strongly linked. Indeed, all of the mutants showing severe loss of GluRIIA were embryonic/first instar lethal. Nevertheless, this assumption probably does not hold for all mutants. At the time this screen was initiated, it was assumed that all DrosophilaNMJ glutamate receptors contained the subunit GluRIIA, and that the viability of GluRIIA null mutants was due to substitution by the alternate subunit GluRIIB \[[@B24]\]. Thus, the presence and localization of GluRIIA was considered an accurate marker for all NMJ receptors. Subsequently, we and others have determined that the DrosophilaNMJ contains two independently assembled and localized subtypes of postsynaptic glutamate receptors: A-type receptors, that contain the subunit GluRIIA (plus GluRIIC, GluRIID, and GluRIIE, but not GluRIIB), and B-type receptors, which contain the subunit GluRIIB (plus GluRIIC, GluRIID, and GluRIIE, but not GluRIIA) \[[@B8]-[@B10]\]. GluRIIA therefore serves as a tag for only one-half to two-thirds (depending on developmental stage; Featherstone, unpublished) of fly NMJ glutamate receptors. Complete elimination of A-type receptors does not result in lethality \[[@B24],[@B25]\]. Conversely, lethality can obviously be caused by many defects other than loss of NMJ glutamate receptors. Since viability and glutamate receptor cluster development may be only loosely coupled, complementation tests for lethality indicate relatively little about the reliability with which our screen identified genes required for proper glutamate receptor cluster formation (although these complementation results do give important insights into the properties of this mutant collection, and transposon mutageneses in general). Similarly, the large fraction of genes expressed in the neuromusculature makes it difficult to judge, based on expression, whether any particular gene has simply been randomly selected. Thus, we are left with uncertainty regarding any particular gene until that gene\'s role in synaptogenesis can be extensively validated -- a prospect that is not practical on a genomic scale. However, the sequencing of several metazoan genomes, along with the realization that the function of homologous proteins tends to be conserved across genomes, opens the possibility of another approach, as demonstrated in our study: \'functional category analysis.\' Functional category analysis involves screening a non-redundant collection of mutants for the phenotype of interest, assigning putative functions bioinformatically, and categorizing the \'hits\' by function. The goal of this approach is not to generate a definitive list of individual proteins involved in a process, but to gain insight into the types and relative numbers of proteins required. All of the categories shown in Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}, for example, are represented by several mutants. Therefore, even with a 50% accuracy rate (which would be a worst case estimate; the real accuracy is probably substantially higher -- see below), the gene function categoriesare likely to be correctly identified. Functional category analysis recognizes that not all hits will be valid, that not all genes will play roles specific to a particular process, and that many proteins are only indirectly required. Functional category analysis reveals unexplored areas of relevant biology and provides a broad roadmap for further study. For example: instead of studying the individual genes identified in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"} (which is arguably a hit-and-miss endeavor unlikely to shed much global insight into the process), we plan to focus research toward understanding how RNA regulation and regulated translation are involved in glutamate receptor cluster formation. Similarly, we are directing efforts toward understanding the interactions of receptors with the actin and microtubule-based cytoskeletons. Preliminary results suggest that this approach is insightful and effective \[[@B20]\]; Liebl, Karr, & Featherstone, unpublished observations). What percentage of the genome is involved in glutamate receptor cluster development? Our results allow this question to be addressed (at least with regard to the DrosophilaNMJ). If glutamate receptor cluster development and lethality are completely uncoupled, then our results imply that approximately 28% (57/202) of the entire Drosophilagenome is required for glutamate receptor cluster development. Depending on the percentage of insertions that were too hypomorphic to show qualitatively detectable phenotypes via immunocytochemistry, that percentage could be higher. Glutamate receptor cluster formation and lethality, however, are not unrelated phenotypes. Therefore, 28% is likely to be a gross overestimate. Complete loss of DrosophilaNMJ glutamate receptors results in paralysis and embryonic lethality \[[@B9]\], and mutations that reduce (but do not eliminate) NMJ glutamate receptors allow hatching, but typically cause larval or pupal lethality \[[@B8]-[@B10]\]. In the present study, all severe loss of function phenotypes were associated with embryonic/early larval lethality. If all GluRIIA cluster mutants are lethal, then mutants with normal glutamate receptor clusters would have been eliminated in the selection for lethality early in the screen (indeed, this was the rationale for this step). In this case, our results suggest that approximately 2.6% (57/2185) of the genome is required for glutamate receptor cluster formation. This estimate, however, is also likely to be flawed; although severe disruptions in glutamate receptor cluster formation cause lethality, not all lethality is likely due to disruptions in glutamate receptor cluster formation. Mutations that trigger loss of GluRIIA are not necessarily lethal \[[@B24],[@B25]\]. Lethality and GluRIIA cluster phenotypes are not absolutely coupled, and therefore 2.6% is likely too low of an estimate. Given the uncertainties above, we can say only that somewhere between 2.6 and 28% of the fly genome (360--3900 genes) is required for NMJ glutamate receptor cluster formation. This is a wide range, which in any case represents a surprisingly large number of genes. Is this reasonable? Do all of these genes represent specific machinery for glutamate receptor cluster expression and clustering? To answer these questions, it is helpful to consider the types of genes identified in the screen. As noted earlier, the role of each individual gene needs to be validated before placing too much emphasis on any particular protein\'s role. But a general discussion of the genes implicated is helpful for evaluation of the general results. In support of the idea that our screen correctly identified genes required for glutamate receptor cluster formation, some of the types of genes identified in our screen have been previously identified as important for postsynaptic development. Polo, for example, was identified in our screen, and mammalian polo-like kinases are receiving increasing attention as important players in synapse development \[[@B26]\]. We also identified several other kinases and phosphatases. Activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway facilitates AMPAR surface expression \[[@B27],[@B28]\], and interaction of AMPAR GluR2 subunits with GRIP and PICK1 is dependent upon the phosphorylation of the GluR2 subunit \[[@B29],[@B30]\]. Our screen also isolated mutants in two different ubiquitin ligases. Consistent with this, ubiquitination is known to regulate glutamate receptor number and synapse development \[[@B6],[@B31]\]. Our screen identified a fly neuroligin family member, and mammalian neuroligins were recently implicated in postsynaptic development \[[@B32]\]. One of the largest groups of genes identified in our screen encodes proteins that comprise or regulate the actin and/or microtubule cytoskeletons. Glutamate receptors, like many other proteins, are thought to be transported along microtubules, and anchored to the synaptic actin cytoskeleton \[[@B33]-[@B35]\]. In support of this, we\'ve recently found that GluRIIA-containing receptors are specifically linked to the actin cytoskeleton via the 4.1 homolog coracle, which interacts directly with GluRIIA \[[@B20]\]. We\'ve also found that regulation of synaptic microtubules affects fly NMJ glutamate receptor cluster development (see below). The cytoskeleton might not only be important for receptor protein localization; trafficking and localization of synapse-specific mRNAs (see below) probably also relies on the cytoskeleton. Consistent with this, untranslated regions of GluRIIA appear to be required for proper synaptic receptor localization in the fly NMJ (Karr & Featherstone, unpublished). Other types of genes identified by the screen are consistent with what one might expect. For example, many of the genes identified in our screen are involved in gene expression or protein translation. Mutation of a transcription factor or component of the translation machinery would be expected to disrupt many downstream things, including production of the cellular machinery required for postsynaptic development. Since our screen specifically excluded mutants which did not develop to the later stages of embryogenesis, and which did not form neuromuscular junctions, our screen may have highlighted components of pathways specific for a subset of cell differentiation steps that includes glutamate receptor cluster formation. Some of this machinery is possibly localized to the synapse. DrosophilaGluRIIA mRNA is localized to the NMJ and locally translated \[[@B36]\]. Mammalian glutamate receptors may also rely on local translation and editing for surface expression \[[@B37]-[@B39]\]. Preliminary results also suggest that DrosophilaNMJ glutamate receptor cluster formation depends on a burst of receptor subunit transcription that follows contact between pre and postsynaptice cells (Karr & Featherstone, unpublished). Our screen also revealed some important surprises. For example, we identified insertions in two different putative mucin-encoding genes. Mammalian mucins are secreted glycoproteins that are widely implicated in tumor cell adhesion but have no previously identified role in the nervous system \[[@B40]\]. Are these false positives or important insights into postsynaptic development? Interestingly, the \'mucin\' genes identified in our screen are also similar to the C. eleganspolycystin gene lov-1, which is localized to the ciliated sensory endings of dendrites required for male mating behavior, where it may be critical for regulating localization of other transmembrane proteins \[[@B41],[@B42]\]. Our screen also identified the exocyst protein sec-8. Sec-8 has recently been implicated in NMDA receptor trafficking but has not been shown to regulate non-NMDA receptor localization, and the mechanism by which it (and other sec proteins) functions remains unclear \[[@B43],[@B44]\]. We are particularly interested in validating and studying the most surprising candidates from out screen, and have done so for sec 8. This work (Liebl FLW, Chen K, Karr J, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: *Altered Synapse Development in DrosophilaSec 8 Mutants. Manuscript in preparation, and Liebl & Featherstone, unpublished) reveals that Drosophilasec 8 regulates the synaptic microtubule cytoskeleton to facilitate transmembrane protein localization (Thus the inclusion of sec 8 as a \'cytoskeletal regulator\' in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). Thus, even the surprises identified by our screen are, so far, apparently reasonable. But note that even validated candidates, such as sec 8, may not work directly or specifically on glutamate receptors. Approximately 12% of the genes identified in our screen encode proteins with unknown or novel function. A better understanding of these genes is important for understanding both those protein families and synaptogenesis -- assuming these proteins are really regulators of receptor cluster formation. Even with a 50% success rate in identifying genes involved in receptor cluster formation -- and the arguments and data above suggest the success rate was much higher -- it is clear that novel genes encode a large fraction of proteins required for glutamate receptor cluster development in the fly NMJ. Therefore, major unexplored areas apparently may exist with regard to postsynaptic development. Interestingly, our screen did not isolate any PDZ-domain or MAGUK proteins, which are widely regarded as essential trafficking and scaffold proteins at mammalian glutamatergic synapses \[[@B45]\]. However, this may not reflect a complete lack of importance for these proteins in fly NMJ glutamate receptor localization. Drosophiladiscs-large (DLG) is the sole fly representative of the mammalian DLG/SAP 97/SAP102/PSD-95 protein family; DLG is important for formation of fly NMJ glutamate receptor clusters that contain the subunit GluRIIB, but not those containing GluRIIA \[[@B11]\]. Because we screened only for alterations in GluRIIA immunoreactivity, we would not have isolated DLG mutants. However, our results do support the idea that PDZ proteins are not predominant components of the glutamate receptor localization/stabilization machinery in DrosophilaNMJs. Many of the genes implicated by our screen probably do not work directly or specifically. Kinases only have to regulate something that in turn regulates receptor cluster formation. Transcription and translation factors probably control expression of multiple proteins required for PSD formation. Given the fact that many proteins definitively required for glutamate receptor cluster formation may not work directly, it is reasonable that a large percentage of the genome appears to be required. In other words, it is not difficult to identify proteins required for receptor cluster development, and we feel that the demonstration of such by itself does not give real insight into receptor cluster formation. An alternative approach, which we call \'functional category analysis\' and introduce here, is to focus on the typesof genes identified rather than the identities of individual genes, in an effort to gain larger insights into the entire process. Subsequent work can then be directed at investigating the processes represented by these gene types, rather than validation of individual genes that may or may not work directly or be applicable to other synapses and organisms. For example, many microtubule and actin regulators were identified in our screen. The target for these proteins, obviously, is likely to be cytoskeletal proteins instead of receptors. But their identification tells which types of cytoskeleton might be important for glutamate receptor cluster formation. Using these clues, we subsequently determined that microtubules are important for fly glutamate receptor trafficking (Liebl FLW, Chen K, Karr J, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Altered Synapse Development in DrosophilaSec 8 Mutants. Manuscript in preparation, and Liebl & Featherstone, unpublished), and that A-type receptors are anchored via the 4.1 protein coracle to postsynaptic actin \[[@B20]\]. Conclusion ========== We identified 57 transposon mutants with qualitative differences in glutamate receptor expression and localization. Mutant gene identities need to be validated despite the fact that mutant genes are tagged. Focus on the types of genes identified (\'functional category analysis\') may provide more useful insight into the process of glutamate receptor cluster formation, compared to focus on individual genes. Our results suggest that glutamate receptor cluster formation involves cell adhesion and signaling, extensive and relatively specific regulation of gene expression and RNA regulation, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and many novel/unexplored processes such as those involving mucin/polycystin-like proteins and proteins of unknown function. Methods ======= NMJ staining and microscopy was performed as previously described \[[@B9],[@B19]\]. Briefly, animals were dissected and fixed for 30--60 min in Bouin\'s fixative. Late stage embryos were dechorionated in bleach and then manually devitellinated and dissected. Mouse monoclonal anti-GluRIIA (\'8B4D2\' Iowa Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA) was used at 1:100. Fluorescently conjugated anti-HRP (Jackson Immunoresearch Labs, West Grove, PA) was used at 1:100. Goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse fluorescent (FITC or TRITC) secondary antibodies (Jackson Immunoresearch Labs, West Grove, PA) were used at 1:400. Confocal images were obtained using an Olympus FV500 laser-scanning confocal microscope. Image analysis and quantification was performed using ImageJ software. Complementation analysis was performed by crossing GFP-balanced P-element mutant stocks to a balanced stock containing a deficiency that removes the insertion site. The F1 generation of each cross was examined for the presence or absence of adult flies carrying neither balancer chromosome. Thus, P-element insertion chromosomes were tested for their capacity to complement the viability of the lethal mutations in the gene carrying the P-element insertion. All P-element stocks were obtained from Bloomington Stock Center <flystocks.bio.indiana.edu>. \'Control\' genotypes in all experiments are w^1118^. Authors\' contributions ======================= FLWL performed most of the immunocytochemistry and microscopy. Analysis was jointly performed by FLWL and DEF. Acknowledgements ================ Thanks to Qi Sheng and Pei-San Ng for technical assistance. This work was supported by NIH/NINDS R01 NS045628 to D.F Figures and Tables ================== ![Example phenotypes identified in the screen.A: NMJs on embryonic ventral longitudinal muscles 7, 6, and 13, visualized using anti-HRP antibodies (which stain all neuronal membrane) and anti-GluRIIA antibodies (which stain postsynaptic glutamate receptors). HRP immunoreactivity is red; GluRIIA immunoreactivity is green. In wildtype NMJs (A, left column), GluRIIA immunoreactivity appears as puncta, representing clusters of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. In homozygous P{SUPor-P}KG00333mutants (A, right column), GluRIIA immunoreactivity is eliminated. B: NMJs on third instar larval longitudinal muscles 7 and 6, visualized using anti-HRP and anti-GluRIIA antibodies. In wildtype NMJs (B. left column), GluRIIA immunoreactivity appears as large blobs, representing developmentally merged puncta, at sites of innervation. In homozygous P{SUPor-P}Chro \[KG03258\]mutants (B, middle column), synaptic GluRIIA immunoreactivity is dramatically decreased, although extrasynaptic receptors remain prominent. In contrast, synaptic GluRIIA immunoreactivity is dramatically increased in homozygous P{SUPor-P}vri \[KG01220\]mutants (B, right column). Scale bars: 10 micrometers.](1471-2202-6-44-1){#F1} ![Pie chart showing the different types of proteins encoded by the insertion loci identified in the screen.The size of the pie wedge represents the proportion of genes of each type identified. Functional categories were based on previously published studies of the Drosophilagene and/or sequence similarity to functionally annotated mouse genes. Table 1 contains a complete list of the genes represented in this chart.](1471-2202-6-44-2){#F2} ###### Genes affected in glutamate receptor expression/localization mutants. Complete list of the mutants identified in the screen. Table 1 lists all of the mutants identified in the screen, organized by putative function of the protein encoded by the gene in which the transposon is inserted. The qualitative glutamate receptor phenotype in the Drosophilamutants is indicated by an arrow pointing upwards (for an increase in immunocytochemically detectable GluRIIA) or downwards (for a decrease in immunocytochemically detectable GluRIIA). The third column lists the Drosophilagene that is mutated by the transposon insertion; superscript letters represent complementation test results: \'f\' = transposon insertion failed to complement a deficiency covering the region, and \'c\' = insertion complemented a deficiency. Note that the confirmed presence of a background lethal mutation (denoted by \'c\') does not indicate whether the NMJ phenotype is also complemented. The fourth column lists the mouse homolog, as determined by best BLAST match to an annotated gene in the mus musculusrefseq database. Allele* Phenotype Mutant gene Mouse protein ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------- ------------------------------- Extracellular matrix P{SUPor-P}CG18819 \[KG01657\] ↓ CG32814 mucin P{SUPor-P}CG14713 \[KG05924\] ↓ CG14713 mucin Cell adhesion P{SUPor-P}mys \[KG02930\] ↓ mys beta integrin P{SUPor-P}KG00212 ↑ Nrt neuroligin Cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal regulators, and adaptor proteins P{SUPor-P}CG10540 \[KG02261\] ↓ CG10540^c^ actin capping protein P{SUPor-P}KG01009 ↓ Tkr actinfilin P{SUPor-P}pnut \[KG00478\] ↑ pnut^f^ septin P{SUPor-P}didum \[KG04384\] ↓ didum^c^ myosin V P{SUPor-P}neb \[KG05913\] ↓ neb^f^ kinesin P{SUPor-P}KG05547 ↓ Cdic dynein intermediate chain P{SUPor-P}CG2095 \[KG02723\] ↓ CG2095^f^ sec 8 P{SUPor-P}lap \[KG06751\] ↓ lap synaptosomal protein 91 P{SUPor-P}noodle \[KG03815\] ↓ CG3210 dynamin Kinases & Phosphatases P{SUPor-P}KG06341 ↓ KP78a^f^ MAP/MT affin.-reg. kinase P{SUPor-P}SNF4Aγ \[KG00325\] ↓ SNF4γ AMP-activated kinase P{SUPor-P}trbl \[KG02308\] ↓ trbl AMP-activated kinase P{SUPor-P}KG04591 ↑ CG15072^c^ SNF-like kinase P{SUPor-P}KG02006 ↓ Rheb RAS-homolog P{SUPor-P}polo\[16-1\] ↓ polo polo-like kinase P{SUPor-P}KG00853 ↓ CG10082^c^ inositol hexaphosphate kin. P{SUPor-P}CG32666 \[KG03058\] ↓ CG32666 serine-threonine kinase P{SUPor-P}KG00564 ↓ ia2 rec. tyrosine phosphatase P{SUPor-P}l(1)G0003 \[KG02485\] ↓ l(1)G003^f^ Rab coupling protein Ubiquitination P{SUPor-P}Cbl \[KG03080\] ↓ Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase P{GT1}sina \[BG02648\] ↓ sina sina (ubiquitin ligase) Transporters P{SUPor-P}CG5802 \[KG01634\] ↑ CG5802^f^ UDP-galactose translocator P{SUPor-P}KG02272 ↓ CG8029^f^ lysosomal H+ ATPase P{SUPor-P}Vha44 \[KG00915\] ↓ Vha44 vacuolar H+ ATPase Unknown P{SUPor-P}oaf \[KG03408\] ↑ oaf^c^ D130038B21 RIKEN cDNA P{SUPor-P}KG03591 ↓ CG32345 hyp. Protein XP_355833 P{SUPor-P}cmp44E \[KG03925\] ↓ cmp44E^c^ \'similar to KIAA0953\' P{SUPor-P}CG2185 \[KG02712\] ↑ CG2185 calcium binding P22 P{SUPor-P}KG00333 ↓ CG15358 cd209e antigen P{SUPor-P}CG31694 \[KG04350\] ↑ CG31694^f^ interferon development reg. P{GT1}l(2)35Di \[BG02008\] ↓ l(2)35Di^c^ \[none\] P{SUPor-P}KG06339 ↓ \[none\] Enzymes P{SUPor-P}CG4825 \[KG06018\] ↓ CG4825 phosphatidylserine synth. P{SUPor-P}TppII \[KG03294\] ↓ TppII^c^ tripeptidyl peptidase II Gene expression & Translation P{SUPor-P}KG02920 ↓ hsrω^f^ ladybird homeobox-1-like P{SUPor-P}KG02514 ↓ hbn aristaless-rel. homeobox P{SUPor-P}KG03852 ↓ Ntf-2 nuclear transport factor-2 P{SUPor-P}Trn-SR \[KG04870\] ↓ CG2848 transportin 3 P{GT1}CG10689 \[BG01776\] ↓ CG10689 DEAH box polypeptide P{SUPor-P}CG11107 \[KG02727\] ↓ CG11107 DEAH box polypeptide P{SUPor-P}pnt \[KG04968\] ↓ pnt avian leukemia oncogene P{SUPor-P}KG00625 ↓ CG18591 snrpE P{SUPor-P}RpL3 \[KG05440\] ↓ RpL3^f^ ribosomal protein L3 P{SUPor-P}KG03101 ↓ Ef2b translation elong. factor 2 P{SUPor-P}crp \[KG00953\] ↓ crp transcription factor AP-4 P{SUPor-P}E2f \[KG03332\] ↑ E2f E2f transcription factor P{SUPor-P}armi \[KG04664\] ↓ armi^c^ Moloney leukemia virus 10 P{SUPor-P}vri \[KG01220\] ↑ vri interleukin3 reg. nuc. factor P{SUPor-P}Kr-h1 \[KG00354\] ↓ Kr-h zinc finger protein P{SUPor-P}Bgb \[KG03779\] ↓ Bgb core binding factor beta P{SUPor-P}KG06256 ↓ Chro^c^ Domino (histone deactyl.) P{SUPor-P}Chro \[KG03258\] ↓ Chro Domino (histone deactyl.) P{SUPor-P}EcR \[KG04522\] ↓ EcR nuclear receptor 1, group H	2023-12-30T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2762
Q: Debian cannot connect to local daemons from localhost Long story short. Apache2 running on 0.0.0.0:80 Mysqld running on 0.0.0.0:3306 Can't access these ports from localhost, but CAN access them from remote hosts. From Remote host (laptop) MacBook-Pro:~ codemaster$ telnet 192.168.0.10 3306 Trying 192.168.0.10... Connected to 192.168.0.10. Escape character is '^]'. T 5.5.40-0+wheezy1/QmQ,%uA?0b\|m+.BDn\|Gmysql_native_password^CConnection closed by foreign host. MacBook-Pro:~ codemaster$ telnet 192.168.0.10 80 Trying 192.168.0.10... Connected to 192.168.0.10. Escape character is '^]'. From Localhost (192.168.0.10) root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# uname -a Linux udoo-debian-hfp 3.0.35 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 3 15:17:07 CET 2014 armv7l GNU/Linux root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# netstat -a -n -p\|grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 21469/mysqld root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# netstat -a -n -p\|grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3614/apache2 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 3880 3763/dbus-daemon root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:c0:08:88:a1:1c inet addr:192.168.0.10 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4389 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:956650 (934.2 KiB) TX bytes:644410 (629.3 KiB) usb0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 7e:82:37:77:b9:01 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 7c:dd:90:3a:4a:a6 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Tried several options, hangs on 'trying to connect' root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# telnet 192.168.0.10 80 Trying 192.168.0.10... ^C root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# telnet 192.168.0.10 3306 Trying 192.168.0.10... ^C root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# telnet 127.0.0.1 3306 Trying 127.0.0.1... ^C root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# telnet 127.0.0.1 80 Trying 127.0.0.1... ^C No IPTABLES root@udoo-debian-hfp:/# iptables -L FATAL: Module ip_tables not found. iptables v1.4.14: can't initialize iptables table `filter': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. Never met with something like this before... Either it was iptables blocking or daemons bound to the local interface.. but local to local? A: It seems like your loopback interface isn't up. The loopback interface (IPv4 127.0.0.1/8, IPv6 ::1/128) is necessary for communications from one host to the same host. On Debian, the loopback interface is normally turned up at boot time with the following configuration in /etc/network/interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback I don't know why your loopback interface didn't come up properly but try ifup lo (managed, preferred) or ip link set lo up (unmanaged) and also make sure the above lines are present in /etc/network/interfaces.	2024-06-10T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7431
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0 What is the hundred thousands digit of 2182133679? 1	2024-02-24T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4147
Advanced O&M Command Reference OceanStor 2000, 5000, and 6000 V3 Series V300R006 This document is applicable to OceanStor 2200 V3, 2600 V3 Video Surveillance Edition, 2600 V3, 5300 V3, 5500 V3, 5600 V3, 5800 V3, and 6800 V3. Based on the CLI, this document describes how to use various commands classified by functions and how to set the CLI and manage the storage system through these commands. The document that you browse online matches the latest C version of the product. Click Download to download documents of other C versions. Huawei uses machine translation combined with human proofreading to translate this document to different languages in order to help you better understand the content of this document. Note: Even the most advanced machine translation cannot match the quality of professional translators. Huawei shall not bear any responsibility for translation accuracy and it is recommended that you refer to the English document (a link for which has been provided). bgr showtimeoutio bgr showtimeoutio Function The bgr showtimeoutio command is used to view timed out I/Os on the BGR module. Format bgr showtimeoutio Parameters None Views Diagnostic view Usage Guidelines When the BGR module is abnormal, you can run this command to view timed out I/Os on the BGR module.	2024-05-27T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6056
I Know...I Think Tuesday, September 10, 2013 13 years into teaching and I still question a good deal of what I do pedagogically. I question whether 17 more years of teaching is in even within my capacity. This is a difficult job. Often times, I look for strength in my students to keep me going and knock sense into me that teaching is indeed my calling. I received the following letter from a student who exemplifies what any teacher would hope for in a student and father in a daughter. This letter provides strength and resolve within me to carry forward. Thank you Rory for the kind words. Friday, June 7, 2013 I received an email this morning from a senior in my Beginning Strings class. Thought I'd share. Hello Mr. Park I thought you might enjoy this essay about a meaningful classroom experience I wrote for this program at Yale. As a side note, I could not be more thankful for the job you do as a teacher and the work you put into making every member of the beginning strings ensemble a stronger musician and team cooperator. Thank you Mr. Park, you are really nothing short of a miracle worker, and one of my biggest regrets is not taking orchestra earlier in my high school career. Essay Forced into taking a music course my senior year, and placed into the beginning strings ensemble, the only thing I knew about the violin was that it had two holes that looked like integrals. Beginning with a wildly unsuccessful foray into the Orchestra Expressions method book, followed by countless, futile appeals from my family to “shut the damn door!” and culminating with the thrice-interrupted Lullaby for Nicholas during the concert, the first semester of Beginning Strings taught me to not only acknowledge but also respect my inabilities. And, yes the slow melodic Lullaby for Nicholas was stopped three times during the winter beginning ensembles concert because, to quote our indefatigable instructor, Mr. Park “wading through such a beautiful piece just simply doesn’t do it justice.” For a person who has never “waded through” anything in their life, doing it for the first time on stage in front of two hundred people truly humbled my pompous teenage ego. After months of diligent preparation, inculcation, and resuscitation, the concert ended in utter disappointment. Well, disappointment for me, but comedic onslaught for my parents, who had waited eighteen years for a moment in which they could publicly cackle at my failures. “It’s nice to know that he’s lousy at something,” quipped my ever charming, sardonic father. “The poor guy finally loves something, and it doesn’t even love him back.” That was my dysfunctional relationship with the instrument I for some reason decided to become infatuated with.A beautiful creation, crafted from the finest wood, hemmed meticulously into the perfectly curving, mildly sensuous pear shape that has mesmerized the likes of Mozart and Pearlman, the violin and I initially did not harmonize. Hacking at its tender fibers, scratching its spotless exterior, the instrument repaid my roughness with an equally dissonant and rhythm-less emanation from its strings. However, in my eyes, this well-worn, rented violin was a Stradivarius lost in the scroll of time. I, though, envisioned her seeing me through her f-holes as a scrawny and barely pubescent boy without the slightest idea of how to hold, caress, and bow a tender and elegant instrument such as her-self. How could this love story have a happy ending? Well, certain relationships need a catalyst, and for us, it turned out that the concert failure set into motion a drastic change in our friendship. Listening to the atonal, cacophonous renditions NCP beginning strings performed inspired a fiery desire for improvement with in me and my 80 bassist, cellist, violist and violinist peers. I focused tremendously on the artistry of my bow stroke, listened attentively to the intonation of my finger placements, and realized that counting played just as an important part in orchestra as it did in calculus. To practice, I stumbled upon the on-sale with free one-day shipping Lord of the Rings Violin Solos for Beginners sheet music abusing my Amazon Prime monthly trial. Up until that point, we had nothing in common, no points of conversation, but once I opened that book and heard the tiniest vestige of the Riders of Rohan, I knew the violin and I were going steady, and until then, we have never looked back. The music still doesn’t come naturally to me, and the shrieks of my family to please take pity on both them and the instrument still accompany the sounds that emanate from my violin, but at least now I can pick up and play without feeling bad about doing it. The spring concert exhibited marked improvement from our failures in the winter, and left my teenage ego entirely intact-even though the embarrassment of having to perform with the epithet of “beginner” jabs at all sense of pride. I can now successfully work through Concerning Hobbits and The Shire and although I cannot prove it I swear I saw a teary glimmer in my father’s eye during a particularly stirring bedroom practice session. With watery eyes he struggles through-dare I say-wades through, admitting that, “You are still lousy, but that damn music just gets to me!” I decide to keep playing, slowly trudging along the green slopes of Middle Earth toward my circular-door Hobbit den, when an exhausted mother interrupts me with the now all-too-common “No more. It’s time to go to bed.” “But mother,” I explain, “love, even of the orchestral variety, never sleeps.” At Northside Prep, members of the Tri M Honor Society must complete an individual service learning project and submit a blog entry detailing the experience. Check out some of this year's projects via the link below: Serving the community, both locally and globally, is what an upstanding citizen does. Musicians and artists in general tend to be compassionate beings who are committed to doing their part to create a better world. By creating and sharing art with others, a select group of student musicians at Northside Prep are beginning to do their part in caring for their communities. My hope is they continue to dedicate their musical gifts to those who might benefit from their kindness and compassion. Tuesday, June 4, 2013 I love this picture. It's why I wrote a little something about the power of digital audio synthesis. In most high school music programs if you don't play an instrument there is no place for you, sans a general music class or something akin to music appreciation. Perhaps the most creative outlet for non-performance students is rooted in the use of a digital audio workstation; something that more and more high schools are investing in, but not enough. Never has there been a time in the history of music technology where someone could make a full length album, ripe with just about every sound imaginable, in a bedroom or basement - without having to spend thousands of dollars. Why can't this music making take place in a more formal setting - like a music classroom - where the music educator can teach the fundamentals of music production and creation. There is something very liberating about triggering the sound of just about any instrument ever known to man with the simple stroke of a finger. Why not liberate our students from fear or indifference of music creation by providing these digital audio workstations for them to explore and play with? After all, isn't learning most fun when play and exploration is at the fore of an experience? Monday, May 20, 2013 Saturday, May 18, 2013 While perusing the good ole world wide web for performance and interview footage of Seiji Ozawa, I stumbled upon a documentary on Mtislav Rostropovich, the great Russian cellist. The full length documentary was aired on the BBC in 2011. Enjoy. Tuesday, May 14, 2013 I just received word that the iPad application for Smart Music is now available for download. The folks at Make Music first announced they'd be releasing the application months ago with Spring 2013 the target for release. After waiting and waiting and waiting, the time has finally arrived. There's plenty of time to tinker with the application in your music classroom before school lets out. Thursday, May 9, 2013 This past Tuesday evening PBS aired an hour long special entitled TED Talks Education. From Geoffrey Canada (Founder of the Harlem Children's Zone) to Sir Ken Robinson (Arts Education Advocate), speakers on the program's bill focused their delivery on one message: dedicating their lives to re-imagining a better educational future for all American youth. If you are a teacher and care about the state of education in the United States then you MUST watch this. Wednesday, May 8, 2013 Below is a link to adjudicator scores for the 2013, 2011, 2010, and 2009 CPS Band and Orchestra Contests. We received Honors Superior Ratings 3 of the 4 years. Our 2010 performance of Soon Hee Newbold's Perseus and Dmitri Shostakovich's Sinfonia for Strings garnered a Superior Rating and due to ACT Testing conflicts, we were unable to participate in the 2012 contest. “The opening aesthetic of this is remarkable; it’s very well done.”“Good intonation.”“Bravo...very nice...very very talented musicians.”"I apologize for not talking very much, I’m just really enjoying this performance.”"I can tell orchestra members that you have all prepared yourselves well."“So talented...doing things very well...I just need a little more contrast.”"That is some difficult repertoire for those students, but it didn't sound difficult at all.""Quite impressive.""The C# minor chord there at the end was nicely in tune. Congratulations, it's a challenging piece.""Cellos and basses, you're doing very nicely with the intonation on those lower parts. What makes the orchestra sound really well in tune is the fact that you're in tune." "Nice bowing techniques...wrist motion, use of bow, direction...it's very uniform.""Cellos left hands look beautiful...well taught...excellent technique.""I like the fact that you're switching 1st and 2nd violinists around. That's really good. It gives everybody the opportunity to play both parts and develops the concept in students that both sections are equally important.""I really enjoyed that performance thoroughly.""Try to achieve a little more evenness in the articulation of sixteenth notes.""You watch the conductor well...good sense of musical alignment.""Greater dynamic contrast to give the music a little more excitement.""Good balance in the violins and violas.""Excellent music. Excellent ensemble." Tuesday, May 7, 2013 After dozens and dozens of conversations pertaining to team building with my colleagues in the physical/adventure education department over the past 12 years, I have finally bitten the proverbial bullet and purchased what is considered the bible of trust building, team building, and problem solving activities/exercises. Karl Rohnke's book, Silver Bullets: A Guide to Initiative Problems, Adventure Games and Trust Activities, is an abundantly fruitful compendium of games, exercises and activities for small and large groups. It is just about guaranteed the physical education teacher in your school has one in possession. Ask to borrow it to get an idea of how you can modify the myriad of activities Rohnke outlines for your music class. Friday, May 3, 2013 My first encounter with the musicians of Brooklyn Rider was in New York City's Avery Fisher Hall when I attended the debut performance of Yo Yo Ma's Silk Road Ensemble in 2002 - of which they are the "resident" string quartet. I traveled from Chicago to participate in the first comprehensive educator workshop organized by the not for profit Silk Road Project. Members of the Silk Road Ensemble, including Brooklyn Rider, engaged all of the educators in a series of workshops pertaining to the musical and cultural study of regions along the ancient Silk Road routes. I can go on about The Silk Road Ensemble and The Silk Road Project, but this post is about Brooklyn Rider - a quartet of consummate string musicians who have re-defined the traditional classical chamber music lexicon to include music deeply rooted in traditional cultures from around the world. The other day Brooklyn Rider stopped by the studios of On Point with Tom Ashbrook. Take a listen to this segment of performances and interviews. Perhaps you are familiar with the This I Believeseries launched by National Public Radio in 2005. Essentially, it is forum for Americans from all walks of life to “share the personal philosophies and core values that guide their daily lives.” An assignment my graduate students at VanderCook are required to complete is based on this radio series. I’ve included below some bullet points from my own “This I Believe - Music Education” essay: I believe that music education is critical to developing a well rounded individual. I believe the lessons experienced and learned in an ensemble rehearsal has resounding positive effects on the social, emotional, physical and educational character of a student. I believe a student who is given an opportunity to contribute positively to an ensemble experience walks away with a myriad of life lessons that will be paramount to their development into compassionate, noble, successful and well-balanced beings of society. I believe the ensemble director is a leader and facilitator whose primary objective is to impart upon his/her students a passion for creativity and imagination. I believe that the difference between a good rehearsal and great one is rooted in the collective creativity and imagination of the ensemble. I believe programming is critical to motivating students to be engaged in the learning process. I believe an ensemble that possesses the highest of technical facility but lacks creativity and imagination will never achieve the most heightened of musical experience. I believe music education is for all students. I believe school districts that do not value a robust fine arts education offered to every single student is short changing their students’ ability to live life to its fullest and closing a door to very fruitful career opportunities. I believe students who engage in the arts from a young age have a leg up in all aspects of life. I believe a music teacher - a teacher of the arts - has the capacity to inspire, motivate and positively impact his/her students in a manner that may potentially transform their lives for the better. I'm sure many of you heard that Janos Starker, one of the most respected cellists of our time, passed on Sunday, April 28th, 2013. Here's a brief segment from NPR in remembrance of a man who believed teaching was his calling. Saturday, April 20, 2013 I'm sure many of you have seen this performance piece by Taylor Mali, poet and educator. It is a powerful work and speaks to what I consider to be one of the noblest professions one can dedicate their life to. Whenever I'm in need of rejuvenation, I watch this video: Taylor Mali has published a book entitled What Teachers Make: In Praise of the Greatest Job in the World. It's a great read full of a myriad of anecdotes from his time as an elementary school teacher. Matt Farmer has emerged as one of the staunchest advocates for fighting the powers that be in the Chicago Public Schools system. As a parent of a CPS student, he is keenly aware of what's at stake for the children of Chicago that depend on public education. Read this article from the Washington Post to learn more about what is going on right now in the Chicago Public Schools. Better yet, watch this fiery speech Matt Farmer gave at a CTU (Chicago Teachers Union) rally in May of 2012, putting Penny Pritzker, CPS School Board Member, on the hot seat as he "cross examines" her and the CPS' board policies. Thursday, April 18, 2013 Noticed this blog post in draft form that I started in March of 2012. For whatever reason, I never got to posting it; so here it is: This is my first post unrelated to MUSIC in education, but education in general. Public education is in a sad state of affairs; teachers are being demonized by the media and political establishments as the primary reason for failing schools. I've had the great fortune in teaching for the last 11 years at the #1 high school in the state of Illinois; from my experiences I can tell you first hand that if a student CHOOSES not to learn, a teacher can only continue to encourage in hopes to inspire and motivate a student to care about and tend to his/her education. Tuesday, December 21, 2010 Lately I've been watching conductors do their thing on the podium. It's almost cliche to say that Gustavo Dudamel is your favorite conductor. One characteristic of his conducting that cannot be argued is the raw emotion he exudes. Here's a 60 Minutes segment on the conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic: Tuesday, August 19, 2008 Did you hear? Muxtape has finally been "snubbed" by the RIAA. What a great resource Muxtape was for resurrecting the art of the mixtape in this new age of mp3s and streaming audio. Hopefully the RIAA and Muxtape will come to some agreeable terms. I'm fairly certain the RIAA will recognize the validity of Muxtape and understand that it may do them some good. There goes my grand plan for using Muxtape this year in the classroom. Has anyone out there used it for classroom purposes? If so, I'd like to hear what you were doing. Saturday, July 12, 2008 I've taken the liberty of cutting and pasting an excerpt from the blog to give you all a glimpse of its objective. About The Blog: With music now available with a single, offhand click, it's easy to forget that songs are not born whole, polished and ready to play. They are created by artists who draw on some combination of craft, skill and inspiration. In the coming weeks, the contributors to this blog -- all accomplished songwriters -- will pull back the curtain on the creative process as they write about their work on a song in the making. Other songwriters are featured in the "Measure for Measure" blog including Darrell Brown, Rosanne Cash, Peter Holsapple, and Suzanne Vega. What a great resource for getting into the heads of gifted songwriters. I think this blog is a must read for any high school general music classroom. What do you think? As for Andrew Bird... If you have not heard of Andrew Bird, I strongly encourage you to check him out. He's a classically trained violinist turned songwriter. Andrew has a penchant for making the violin an integral piece of his indie rock sound. In his "Measure for Measure" blog, Andrew eloquently walks his readers through some of his music writing processes. Wednesday, July 2, 2008 Know much about Steve Reich? How relevant is the music of Iceland to the music of today? To what degree of influence did the Pixies have on Indie Rock? Want to stay hip to what your students may be listening to? Well then... If you're a general music teacher, more appropriately at the high school level, you should definitely check out Pitchfork TV. You'll find here an assortment of music related streaming videos. Of most interest to the music educator is the One Week Only section of the site where full length featured music documentaries are posted each week. I'm certain there are ways for you to incorporate whatever it is you experience from this site to the classroom. While some of the videos may be deemed "inappropriate," it's up to you to decide how you'll utilize this resource. BTW, Pitchfork TV comes to you by way of Pitchfork Media, a Chicago-based online music magazine I visit frequently to read up on music news and reviews of albums and performances. The reviews published on Pitchfork Media are great examples of top notch music journalism. I have used a handful of them in my own class to help students better approach their own writing. Wednesday, February 20, 2008 I recently discovered a website, www.surveymonkey.com, that allows users to create, in a very simple, user friendly sort of way, surveys of all kinds. The website has been in existence for some time now and it could be that many of you are already using it. If so, I'd appreciate if you posted a comment detailing the ways you use it for your class. If you were unaware of the site and/or have not used it, I'd like to take a moment of your time to share with you how I am using the site right now. Check out the concert reflection survey I very easily created for my Chamber Strings students to take. Survey Monkey collected and organized the data in such a way that I was afforded an opportunity to do ABSOLUTELY nothing. No collecting of papers and, most importantly, no organizing of the data. Sunday, February 10, 2008 I'm willing to guess that a great majority of our students know very little about this year's Grammy Life Time Achievement Award Recipients. What better reason to use the Grammy Awards as a means for exploring the rich history of American music with your students. How about the stirring medley performance of Gospel music by artists such as Aretha Franklin, the Clark Sisters, and a few others I couldn't find specific information on. The performance shed light on the inextricable connections between the great Soul and R&B artists of our time and their musical upbringings in the church. It also brought attention to the significance church music has had on popular music...Well beyond that of Soul and R&B. Seeing that February is Black History Month, I'd say it is absolutely necessary that we, as music educators, share with our students the incredibly pivotal contributions of black music to the fabric of the American sound. What about Beyonce's introduction to Tina Turner's performance that payed homage to some of the great female singers of our day? She referenced Sarah Vaughn, Aretha Franklin, Chaka Khan, Donna Summer, Mahalia Jackson, Anita Baker, Ella Fitzgerald, Lena Horne, Gladys Knight, Nancy Wilson, Janet Jackson (Really???), Whitney Houston (Okay...I can deal with that...I think.), and, of course, Tina Turner. While taking in this particular segment of the Awards ceremony, I got to thinking that this might be a great entry point into introducing some of the great African American female singers of the last 50 some odd years. Short of actually outlining the lesson plan for you, I will tell you this. Only 1 of over 30 of my students knew of Sarah Vaughn. And it was only because her dad had played Vaughn's albums every so often. None of them guessed the Nancy (Wilson) reference. No one even knew of a musician with the same first name. And when I had them place the artists (mind you with only the knowledge they currently had...all prior to actual research of the artists) in a time line from when they made a splash on the music scene, some actually placed Aretha Franklin before Ella Fitzgerald!!! I even played short clips of each musician's music and encouraged my students to consider the instrumental elements and overall sound of each to help them place where in the time line of American musical history each musician belonged to. Knowing that my students knew so little and implementing an experience in which they could learn more was enough to have made this lesson worth executing. I encourage you to check out the video link above and toy with the idea of using it to formulate some lesson plan for your music class. Note: Know that I completely understand a teacher's decision to not use the video as a result of the "inappropriate" outfits worn by Beyonce and her backup dancers/singers. I teach at what I consider to be a liberal public school institution in which the belief that censorship blinds is one that the great majority of teachers and administrators support and uphold. Sunday, January 20, 2008 I consider myself to be an avid National Public Radio listener. Be it driving to work and listening to Morning Edition or lounging at home on a Friday evening taking in Ira Glass' stories of This American Life, National Public Radio has been my go to media source for keeping informed of the news, peoples, cultures, and stories that inhabit the world around me. I must, however, admit that I am partial to the shows that Chicago Public Radio produces because (1) I am a born and raised Chicagoan and (2) the shows, such as World View and 848, tend to reflect the diversity of interests and concerns that I, along with a great majority of Chicagoans, consider to be of great importance. One show that has become a mainstay on my weekly "things to listen to" list is Sound Opinions. Dubbed "the world's only rock and roll talk show," this nationally syndicated NPR broadcast brings together 2 music journalists, Greg Kot, music critic for the Chicago Tribune, and Jim DeRogatis, music critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, to discuss all things pertaining to popular music. A typical hour long show covers the week in music news, reviews of new albums, interviews with special guest musicians, and a whole lot of banter between the two hosts. Connection to Music Education.... What I have found to be pivotal in maintaining interest and excitement in my general music class is creating relevancy between musical experiences I create for the classroom and the musical experiences of my students outside of school. Making such connections I believe compel students' interests in and desires for participating in an open forum type classroom where all inquiries, answers, judgments, arguments, etcetera, of "their" music are valued and respected. Sound Opinions can be a great educational tool. Currently, my general music students are engaged in a Best of 2007 podcast project. They are having a blast. I've listed some reasons why a project like this contributes positively to my students' music education: 1. They are required to choose their most favorable pieces of music from 2007.2. They must decide on a short clip of the music they have chosen that best encapsulates the musical information they would like to share with an audience. In my opinion, this process gets at the core of why they dig the chosen music.3. They have to research biographical information and decide on what important and engaging information to include in a very concise informative segment within a podcast.4. They are ultimately engaging in a process of musical exploration and discovery. Isn't this what we want to teach our students? To be inquisitive consumers of music who are equipped with a backlog of experiences that will help them to better choose what they listen to and support? I encouraged my students to listen to Sound Opinions' Best of 2007 episodes to get a taste of how professional music journalists approach their work. If I can, as a music educator, cultivate within my students a passion for music similar to that of the hosts of Sound Opinions, I think the world will be a better place. Take a listen to Sound Opinions via your radio dial or through the program's website and see how you might be able to incorporate ideas similar to that of the show in your own classroom. In Final.... We should be fostering an environment in which the art of musical discourse, be it written or oral, is encouraged. It seems many music education blog posts end with a question. So...Here's mine: What can you do in your music classroom to foster an environment in which musical discussion or discourse is valued and used as a means for creating well versed consumers of music? Monday, January 14, 2008 Is there a dictionary somewhere out there that may facilitate one's ability to write and speak about music with understanding, articulation, clarity, and inclination? I'm not talking, necessarily, about a dictionary of musical terms. Terms we were forced to learn and regurgitate for music theory and history exams during our undergrad years. There are plenty of those. I'm talking about a dictionary of words that may help one to become adept at recreating a musical experience through written and/or spoken commentary. It's pretty discouraging when your own students comment on music as if they've never done it before...Maybe they haven't. I'm sure many of you have heard the perennial descriptions of music by your students that start something like this: It sounds kind of like....Uh....I don't know how to describe it....The guitar part just rocks....I liked when.... Well...Maybe in order to combat this lack of fluency when describing music we need to go to the sources that allow us to consume and ponder articulate thought and commentary about music. I'm talking about music journalism. Let's start with you all, the music educators of our world. How many of you read and/or write concert or album reviews? How many of you require your students to? Well...If you do one, then do the other. If you do both, more power to you. If you haven't done either, now is the time to. It is paramount that we, as music educators, create and implement reading and writing experiences in our classrooms that stretch our students' abilities to communicate with musical understanding and inclination. It is our obligation to help students build a vocabulary that will allow for mature, well thought out, articulate, and eloquent written and oral communication of music commentary. The following is one contribution towards the facilitation of such objectives or goals: Check out our Musically Inclined Dictionary. A one stop shop that my students visit to find and/or contribute a word in the name of music commentary and discourse. So...Why not create an online dictionary for your students? Here's what I would do....It's quite simple: 1. Go to www.pbwiki.com. Set up a pbwiki page for your class' music dictionary. It's free!!!2. Give students the password you have chosen for access to the page so they can add words they discover to be useful in conveying music.3. Start creating experiences that will allow your students to use this resource extensively. I'd like to hear what other music educators are doing to facilitate the maturation of our students' abilities to comment on, in both written and oral form, music. Biography Leo Park is the director of orchestras and music technology at Northside College Preparatory High School in Chicago, Illinois and instructor of string methods and pedagogy at Northeastern Illinois University and North Park University. In addition, he is an adjunct faculty member at VanderCook College of Music where he teaches secondary general music methods to graduate students.	2023-11-09T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9214
On Fri, 27 Jan 2012, Joseph Mack NA3T wrote: Replying to the comment about finding the location with a map and helpful people on the street, being an exercise for the reader. Not being able to read the map in the car last night, I asked a passer by for the nearest parking. I was on Raleigh and South, and as it turns out, not too far from Moorehead Labs and the parking there. I was sent down South St in the opposite direction, past the soccer fields, without finding any parking. It took 30mins to get back to the same spot. It is just an exercise, but the convergeance time has to have a known upper bound. Joe -- Joseph Mack NA3T EME(B,D), FM05lw North Carolina jmack (at) wm7d (dot) net - azimuthal equidistant map generator at http://www.wm7d.net/azproj.shtml Homepage http://www.austintek.com/ It's GNU/Linux!	2023-11-16T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7413
<script src="../../src/basis.js" basis-config="autoload: 'library', noConflict: true"></script>	2023-12-28T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8524
Barbara Walters has set May 16 as her final day as co-host of ABC’s “The View.” The veteran newswoman announced nearly a year ago that she intended to retire from the daytime talk show she created at the end of this season. On Monday’s episode of “The View,” Walters, 84, said that while she is sad to leave, “It feels right for me. I love this show, it will continue without me. I don’t want people to say, ‘Is she still here?’ I want people to say, ‘Well isn’t this fun.’ ” “The View” — which Walters co-hosts with Whoopi Goldberg, Sherri Shepherd and Jenny McCarthy — will celebrate Walters in a week-long farewell starting May 12. The evening of her final show on May 16, ABC will also air a two-hour special highlighting her life and 50-plus-year career in broadcast journalism.	2024-07-25T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2609
;; This test checks DISubrange bounds for DIVariable ; REQUIRES: x86_64-linux ; RUN: llc -mtriple=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu %s -filetype=obj -o - \| llvm-dwarfdump - \| FileCheck %s ;; Test whether bounds are generated correctly. ; CHECK: [[DIE1:0x.+]]: DW_TAG_variable ; CHECK: DW_AT_location ; CHECK-SAME: DW_OP_plus_uconst 0x70, DW_OP_deref, DW_OP_lit4, DW_OP_mul ; CHECK: [[DIE2:0x.+]]: DW_TAG_variable ; CHECK: DW_AT_location ; CHECK-SAME: DW_OP_plus_uconst 0x78 ; CHECK: [[DIE3:0x.+]]: DW_TAG_variable ; CHECK: DW_AT_location ; CHECK-SAME: DW_OP_plus_uconst 0x50 ; CHECK: DW_TAG_subrange_type ; CHECK: DW_AT_lower_bound ([[DIE3]]) ; CHEK-NEXT: DW_AT_upper_bound ([[DIE2]]) ; CHECK-NEXT DW_AT_byte_stride ([[DIE1]]) ; ModuleID = 'fortsubrange.ll' source_filename = "fortsubrange.ll" define void @MAIN_() !dbg !5 { L.entry: %.Z0640_333 = alloca i32, align 8 %"arr$sd1_349" = alloca [16 x i64], align 8 call void @llvm.dbg.declare(metadata i32* %.Z0640_333, metadata !8, metadata !DIExpression(DW_OP_deref)), !dbg !17 call void @llvm.dbg.declare(metadata [16 x i64]* %"arr$sd1_349", metadata !13, metadata !DIExpression(DW_OP_plus_uconst, 80)), !dbg !17 call void @llvm.dbg.value(metadata [16 x i64]* %"arr$sd1_349", metadata !16, metadata !DIExpression(DW_OP_plus_uconst, 112, DW_OP_deref, DW_OP_constu, 4, DW_OP_mul)), !dbg !17 call void @llvm.dbg.declare(metadata [16 x i64]* %"arr$sd1_349", metadata !15, metadata !DIExpression(DW_OP_plus_uconst, 120)), !dbg !17 ret void, !dbg !18 } ; Function Attrs: nounwind readnone speculatable willreturn declare void @llvm.dbg.declare(metadata, metadata, metadata) ; Function Attrs: nounwind readnone speculatable willreturn declare void @llvm.dbg.value(metadata, metadata, metadata) !llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1} !llvm.dbg.cu = !{!2} !0 = !{i32 2, !"Dwarf Version", i32 4} !1 = !{i32 2, !"Debug Info Version", i32 3} !2 = distinct !DICompileUnit(language: DW_LANG_Fortran90, file: !3, producer: " F90 Flang - 1.5 2017-05-01", isOptimized: false, runtimeVersion: 0, emissionKind: FullDebug, enums: !4, retainedTypes: !4, globals: !4, imports: !4) !3 = !DIFile(filename: "fortsubrange.f90", directory: "/dir") !4 = !{} !5 = distinct !DISubprogram(name: "main", scope: !2, file: !3, line: 1, type: !6, scopeLine: 1, spFlags: DISPFlagDefinition \| DISPFlagMainSubprogram, unit: !2) !6 = !DISubroutineType(cc: DW_CC_program, types: !7) !7 = !{null} !8 = !DILocalVariable(name: "arr", scope: !5, file: !3, type: !9) !9 = !DICompositeType(tag: DW_TAG_array_type, baseType: !10, size: 32, align: 32, elements: !11) !10 = !DIBasicType(name: "integer", size: 32, align: 32, encoding: DW_ATE_signed) !11 = !{!12} !12 = !DISubrange(lowerBound: !13, upperBound: !15, stride: !16) !13 = distinct !DILocalVariable(scope: !5, file: !3, type: !14, flags: DIFlagArtificial) !14 = !DIBasicType(name: "integer*8", size: 64, align: 64, encoding: DW_ATE_signed) !15 = distinct !DILocalVariable(scope: !5, file: !3, type: !14, flags: DIFlagArtificial) !16 = distinct !DILocalVariable(scope: !5, file: !3, type: !14, flags: DIFlagArtificial) !17 = !DILocation(line: 0, scope: !5) !18 = !DILocation(line: 6, column: 1, scope: !5)	2023-11-29T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/3362
Restricted kappa/lambda light chain ratio by flow cytometry in germinal center B cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis. To determine the diagnostic significance of the kappa/lambda ratio in germinal center (GC) B cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), we used 4-color flow cytometry to immunophenotype 27 samples (21 patients) of well-characterized HT B-cell clonality was analyzed further by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and bcl-2/IgH fusion genes using DNA extracted from aspirate smears and/or paraffin-embedded tissues. By flow cytometric analysis, the CD10+ GC B cells had a higher mean +/- SD kappa/lambda ratio than the CD10- B cells (5.1 +/- 3.3 vs 2.0 +/- 0.8; P < .0001, Student t test). In 18 samples (67%), CD10+ GC B cells had a kappa/lambda ratio greater than 3.07 (the upper limit of kappa/lambda ratio reported in reactive nodes; range, 3.2-14.4 in the 18 cases). Cases tested by PCR showed no evidence of a clonal proliferation. None of 21 cases developed lymphoma during clinical follow-up of up to 3 years. The kappa/lambda ratio of CD10+ GC B cells in HT can be skewed markedly beyond that reported in reactive lymph nodes. This finding frequently is present in HT. Pathologists should be familiar with this phenomenon to prevent misdiagnosis of follicular lymphoma in patients with HT.	2023-08-03T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6431
Search You are here A More Complete Look at SNAP and Work BY Some supporters of the House Agriculture Committee farm bill’s proposal to take food assistance away from people who don’t work a set number of hours per month have pointed to statistics that, while often accurate, understate the number of SNAP participants who work because they omit workers who are temporarily unemployed. Our analysis, which accounts for the temporarily unemployed, shows that most adults participating in SNAP who can work do work, and most of those who don’t work can’t easily work because they’re caring for family members or have significant health issues. In a typical month of 2016, roughly 15.2 million adults participated in SNAP who are aged 18-59 and don’t meet the strict criteria to receive federal disability benefits. About 5.7 million of them had earnings that month and 9.5 million didn’t, according to Agriculture Department (USDA) data. We estimate that 4.5 million of those without earnings worked in the year before or the year after the month examined. When added to the 5.7 million figure above, this means 10.2 million of SNAP’s 15.2 million adult participants were either working or temporarily unemployed. Of the remaining 5 million, over a third couldn’t work due to caregiving responsibilities (most of whom had working spouses), nearly a quarter had a disability or chronic health condition that limited their ability to work, and close to a third were going to school or couldn’t find work. Our analysis combines USDA data with data from the Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a large-scale, national survey conducted over a multi-year period. We used SIPP because it’s the best, latest available source for a nationally representative sample of program participants over time. The facts above help explain why policies that condition access to public benefits on work haven’t had much success in increasing work and reducing poverty, despite claims to the contrary. Some people work after losing benefits, but many of them would have worked anyway, and the loss of benefits creates added hardship for them while they look for a job. And people who don’t work after losing benefits — often because they still face barriers to work — are worse off. The House bill would require most adult SNAP participants, including parents with no children under age 6, to prove every month that they worked or participated in a work program for at least 20 hours a week or qualified for an exemption. Its added funding for job training pales in comparison to the amount states would need to provide effective training for the millions of people who would need it to retain benefits. Increasing economic security for SNAP participants is an important goal, but this proposal isn’t the way to do it. Policymakers should instead look to evidence-based policies that have been proven to help improve economic prospects for low-income workers, such as combining education, training, and support services and investing in work supports and benefits that boost wages and make jobs more stable.	2023-11-16T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/3698
Q: Does chef 'notifies :action, 'resource', :before' work at all as it should? I've recently tried to perform a simple task: Install a package if it does not exist by pulling distribution out of web location (in-house repo) and deleting it once it is not longer needed. Learning about :before notification I came up with following elegant code (in this example variable "pkg" keeps name of distribution image, "pkg_src_location" is URL of my web repository, "name_of_package" is named installed package): local_image = "#{Chef::Config['file_cache_path']}/#{pkg}" remote_file 'package_image' do path local_image source "#{pkg_src_location}/#{pkg}" action :nothing end package name_of_package do source local_image notifies :create, 'remote_file[package_image]', :before notifies :delete, 'remote_file[package_image]', :delayed end I was quite surprised that it does not work... Actually 'package' resource is being converged without 'remote_file' being created - and it fails due to source local_image not being in place... I did a simple test: log 'before' do action :nothing end log 'after' do action :nothing end log 'at-the-end' do action :nothing end log 'main' do notifies :write, 'log[before]', :before notifies :write, 'log[at-the-end]', :delayed notifies :write, 'log[after]', :immediately end What I learned is that 'main' is actually converged twice! Once when first encountered and once again, after 'before' resource is converged... Recipe: notify_test::default * log[before] action nothing (skipped due to action :nothing) * log[after] action nothing (skipped due to action :nothing) * log[at-the-end] action nothing (skipped due to action :nothing) * log[main] action write * log[before] action write * log[main] action write * log[after] action write * log[at-the-end] action write Is it a bug or feature? If this is 'feature', it is a really bad one and Chef shouldn't have it at all. It is simply useless the way it works and only wastes people's time... Can anyone having more in-depth Chef understanding comment on it? Is there any way to make ':before' work? Maybe I'm just doing something wrong here? A: To be a bit more specific, the before timing uses the "why run" system to make a guess about if the resource needs to be updated. In this case, the package resource is invalid to begin with so whyrun can't tell that an update is needed.	2024-01-30T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2928
(NaturalNews) The United Kingdom's Department of Health has warned that the health condition known as rickets is making a comeback due to more widespread vitamin D deficiency among the British population.Caused primarily by vitamin D deficiency, rickets is a childhood bone disease that can lead to skeletal deformities, fractures and other serious health problems. Improved nutrition nearly eliminated the condition from the United Kingdom in the 1950s.According to the Department of Health, however, as many as one in 100 children of Afro-Caribbean, Asian or Middle Eastern descent in the United Kingdom may now have rickets.People with darker skin are more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency, because the vitamin is typically synthesized by the body upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. But the same melanin that makes skin dark and protects against sunburn also decreases the body's ability to synthesize vitamin D. People who cover most of their skin for cultural or other reasons are also more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency.Doctors say that just 15 minutes of sunlight on the arms, shoulders and head every day during the summer should be enough for most people in the United Kingdom. During the winter, however, people north of the 52nd parallel are not able to synthesize vitamin D due to a lack of the right wavelength of sunlight.The northernmost point in the continental United States is just past the 49th parallel.Vitamin D deficiency is a particular concern among pregnant women"If a pregnant or breastfeeding woman is lacking in vitamin D, the baby will also have low vitamin D and calcium levels," said pediatrician Colin Michie, "which can lead babies to develop seizures in the first months of life."Health Minister Dawn Primarolo said that the Health Department encourages pregnant and breastfeeding women to take vitamin D supplements, which are often provided free by the British government.	2023-12-01T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8428
Moment independent importance measures: new results and analytical test cases. Moment independent methods for the sensitivity analysis of model output are attracting growing attention among both academics and practitioners. However, the lack of benchmarks against which to compare numerical strategies forces one to rely on ad hoc experiments in estimating the sensitivity measures. This article introduces a methodology that allows one to obtain moment independent sensitivity measures analytically. We illustrate the procedure by implementing four test cases with different model structures and model input distributions. Numerical experiments are performed at increasing sample size to check convergence of the sensitivity estimates to the analytical values.	2023-12-29T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5594
Image by BeyondDC licensed under Creative Commons. Pennsylvania Station is Baltimore’s main transit hub, which feeds Amtrak, MARC, local light rail, and bus lines into the city and the region. Despite its importance, the station is awkwardly situated and not very well connected with the rest of the city. A plan developed by Amtrak and local developers aims to capitalize on the station’s potential the way DC and Denver have over the past few decades with their respective Union Stations. In many ways, Penn Station is the perfect embodiment of Baltimore. It’s quirky and charming, guarded by a towering sculpture that everybody either loves or hates. Centrally located near some of the city’s trendiest and artsiest neighborhoods, it’s the eighth-busiest station in Amtrak’s national network, with over a million passengers each year (over three million if you count its eponym, the MARC Penn Line), and its ridership is expected to double over the next half-century. Yet it’s also extremely isolated. It’s cut off from much of the rest of the city (and even the main branch of Baltimore’s Light Rail system) by nearby I-83, aka the Jones Falls Expressway. In many ways, it has just as much potential as its more celebrated counterparts in Philadelphia and Washington, DC, yet much of that space is woefully underused. Amtrak, which owns Penn Station, along with Cross Street Partners and Beatty Development under the banner of Penn Station Partners, have begun collecting their ideas to revamp the station and surrounding area in the Penn Station Vision Plan. Whether or not that plan is enough to realize that potential remains to be seen. Residents really want a better Penn Station The Penn Station Vision Plan, which technically kicked off last year with its first meeting and the selection of Penn Station Partners, certainly doesn’t want for interest around Baltimore. Last week’s meeting was so packed that organizers had to move it across the street to a bigger area. Multiple Maryland State Legislators attended, including Regina Boyce and Stephanie Smith, as did at least one Baltimore City Councilmember, Robert Stokes. The Penn Station district’s congressman, Elijah Cummings, wasn’t able to make it, but he still received a standing ovation when the first speaker mentioned his support for the project. Interior of Penn Station. Image by m01229 licensed under Creative Commons. There was a lot of encouraging news from Beatty Vice President of Community Development Tim Pula and the three other main speakers at the event, Amtrak Executive Vice President/Chief Administrative Officer D.J. Stadtler, Cross Street Partners Principal/Managing Partner/CEO Bill Streuver, and Brian Traylor, the Amtrak Planning Manager overseeing Penn Station’s redevelopment. Amtrak has already committed $90 million to renovating the existing station and building a new concourse, which the frequently-overcrowded station badly needs. Travelers rarely go up to the station’s upper floors, and its ground floor is also underused except for a small cafe and a convenience store/book and magazine stand with ahem, interesting taste in literature. Both will be leased out and redesigned for retail. Amtrak will also construct new high-speed rail facilities as part of a larger $2.5 billion investment in high-speed rail. Many of the redevelopment team’s goals certainly sound appealing: Mixed-use developments featuring local retailers that take advantage of underutilized storage space owned by Amtrak throughout the station’s rail yards and walkshed, a potential hotel, office space designed to take advantage of Baltimore’s leasing rates (they’re much cheaper than DC’s), community-sourced art adorning the station’s walls and entrances, new walkways, and spaces designed to reposition Penn Station as a social space as it already is a way station. Planners cited Denver Union Station, Washington Union Station, and even London’s Kings Cross Station and Norway’s Oslo Airport as potential models for Penn Station’s makeover. Pula speculated about how the station might be better incorporated into Baltimore’s annual summer arts festival, Artscape, and even dared to hope that “Maybe someday it won’t be 100 degrees outside.” (Reader, that’s not happening.) Will the project really materialize? Yet beyond the lovely goals and the components covered by the money Amtrak’s already committed, many of the other details were frustratingly vague or nonexistent, especially when it came to describing how Penn Station Partners and Amtrak plan to make up what Streuver described to Colin Campbell of the Baltimore Sun as “an estimated $400 million to $600 million shortfall.” To be sure, Penn Station Partners made clear it was planning to apply for every grant—Opportunity Zone and otherwise—and tax credit possible. But even so, the project will require not only more federal money, but also a great deal of city and state funds. This comes at a time when the former source is lacking, and the latter is not even particularly well-disposed to giving more money to Baltimore City’s schools, let alone its non-maglev-based train stations. View from the Penn Line. Image by Elvert Barnes licensed under Creative Commons. Nor was the meeting heavy on certain other key transit details. There was a brief mention of the ongoing quest to find funding to replace the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel, the 7,669-foot passageway which every Amtrak and Penn Line train goes through under West and Central Baltimore. It was built about three months after Ulysses S. Grant’s second inauguration. And no such mention was made of the Long Bridge, the DC rail bridge last replaced five months after Theodore Roosevelt’s second inauguration. It’s essential for increasing rail traffic from Philadelphia to Richmond, including in Baltimore. Likewise, there was little information about how to better integrate Penn Station into Baltimore’s Light Rail and Metro Subway systems, or its growing bus and bike networks. Eric Norton, policy director at the Central Maryland Transportation Alliance, one of the key transit advocacy groups in the Baltimore area, summed up his thoughts about the night: “It’s good to see Amtrak enhancing its service and that real estate developers are investing in the potential for [transit-oriented development]. We would have liked to see more about all the other transportation connections (MARC, light rail, bus, taxi/ride-hailing, walking, etc.) and how this could enhance those connections. It is an asset to Baltimore and Maryland to have a fast, simple connection to Washington, Philadelphia, and New York. How can we leverage that to encourage more people to live and do business in the economic engine of the state?” For the answer to that question, we may have to wait until an undetermined date later this fall, when the next Penn Station Draft Vision Plan Meeting is set to take place. Stay tuned. Correction: Delegate Robbyn Lewis wasn’t at this meeting, but Delegate Regina Boyce was.	2024-05-13T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5629
Q: ASP.NET MVC View - cannot access System.Data.Linq Is there any reason the namespace linq does not appear in system.data when I am in my view in asp.net MVC? I can access the namespace fine in my code... EDIT: I realize this is not good design, I'm just curious A: You may need to add an assembly reference in your project web.config file if it's not there: <system.web> <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Data.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> </assemblies> </compilation> </system.web> A: You can try <%@ Import Namespace="System.Data.Linq" %> But, why do you even need LINQ in your view? You might want to consider keeping the logic you need in a HtmlHelper or your controller.	2023-09-19T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4987
Neurovascular coupling in hippocampus is mediated via diffusion by neuronal-derived nitric oxide. The coupling between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is essential for normal brain function. The mechanisms behind this neurovascular coupling process remain elusive, mainly because of difficulties in probing dynamically the functional and coordinated interaction between neurons and the vasculature in vivo. Direct and simultaneous measurements of nitric oxide (NO) dynamics and CBF changes in hippocampus in vivo support the notion that during glutamatergic activation nNOS-derived NO induces a time-, space-, and amplitude-coupled increase in the local CBF, later followed by a transient increase in local O2 tension. These events are dependent on the activation of the NMDA-glutamate receptor and nNOS, without a significant contribution of endothelial-derived NO or astrocyte-neuron signaling pathways. Upon diffusion of NO from active neurons, the vascular response encompasses the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Hence, in the hippocampus, neurovascular coupling is mediated by nNOS-derived NO via a diffusional connection between active glutamatergic neurons and blood vessels.	2024-07-22T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9672
--- author: - 'L. J. Goicoechea, V. N. Shalyapin, R. Gil-Merino' - 'A. Ullán' title: Structure function of the UV variability of Q0957+561 --- Introduction ============ Structure functions for optical/UV variability of quasars allow investigation of processes that cause intrinsic variations and the properties of intrinsic flares [e.g. @Kaw98; @Cid00; @Van04; @deV05; @Wil08], the composition of intervening systems [e.g. @Lew96; @Sch03], and the nature of the intergalactic medium [e.g. @Haw02]. The most recent and comprehensive study of ensemble structure functions of non-lensed quasars has been presented by @Wil08. In this work, about 2500 quasars at a median redshift of $\sim$ 2 were classified into six different groups according to their black hole mass and continuum luminosity. For each group, @Wil08 derived the square root of the noise-less structure function for the $ugriz$ bands. They detected the well-known anticorrelation between luminosity and variability, as well as a correlation between variability and black hole mass [see also @Wol07]. Taking these findings into account, most of the variations at restframe time lags $\leq$ 1 year are probably intrinsic to the quasars. These might be due to differences in accretion rate. The analysis by @LiC08 also supports this last claim. However, @Wol07 and @Wil08 point out the absence of a clear correlation between variability and black hole mass for restframe time lags $\leq$ 100 d. Therefore, short timescale variations could not be related to changes in accretion rate. The Wilhite et al. dataset did not allow for a measurement of the variability of very bright and massive quasars. Moreover, the mechanism of variability might differ from local to distant quasars, and other physical properties (apart from luminosity and black hole mass) may play a role (e.g., circumnuclear activity, presence of a jet, X-ray activity, etc.). Thus, detailed structure functions of well-characterised individual quasars are important tools for understanding different quasar populations. With respect to the individual sources, for example, @Cid00 analysed the members of a sample of optically selected nearby quasars [$z <$ 0.4; see @Giv99]. They used Poissonian models, and derived flare lifetimes and other parameters of interest. A Poissonian model describes physical scenarios in which the luminosity is due to the superposition of a variable component and a constant background (the nonflaring part of the emissivity). The variable component is made by the superposition of flares, having a given profile and occurring at random times [@Cid00]. @Cid00 reported the poor sensitivity of their fits to phenomenological models (flare profiles), with the exception of exponentially decaying flares. These asymmetric flares led to poor fits. @Col01a also studied optical/UV structure functions of 13 local AGN (Seyfert 1 galaxies) with very good time coverage and resolution. The flare lifetimes (using symmetric triangular flares and certain lag intervals) were $\tau \sim$ 5$-$100 days, with the higher mass AGN having larger variability timescales. Many previous studies focused on the initial logarithmic slope of the structure function. For example, using the square root of the structure function, a measured initial slope can be compared to predictions of possible physical mechanisms of quasar variability [e.g. @Kaw98; @Haw02]. The initial logarithmic slope $\beta$ should be less than or equal to 0.5 for square and exponentially decaying flares (Poissonian phenomenological models), whereas symmetric triangular flares produce a steep slope $\beta >$ 0.5 [@Cid00; @Goi08]. One can also discuss simple models of the reverberation scenario, i.e., accretion disc flares induced by variable EUV/X-ray irradiation. The cellular-automaton model is able to reproduce a slope $\beta \sim$ 0.4$-$0.5 [@Min94; @Kaw98], but cellular-automaton simulations neglect hydrodynamical effects. These might be basic ingredients in the reverberation scenario. The one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations by @Man96 led to time-symmetric flares, i.e., flares having symmetric rise and decay. These time-symmetric flares can account for steep growths with slopes above 0.5. The starburst model (supernova explosions) produces an initial slope $\beta \geq$ 0.7 [@Are97; @Kaw98], and the microlensing model (extrinsic variability caused by collapsed objects passing close to the sight line toward a quasar) leads to a shallow slope $\beta \sim$ 0.2$-$0.3 [@Haw02]. For non-lensed quasars, the slope of the square-root noise-less structure function over restframe lags $\geq$ 100 d is roughly 0.5 [e.g. @Cid00; @Wil08]. On the other hand, local AGN show a variety of initial slopes over restframe lags $\leq$ 100 d: $\beta \sim$ 0.3$-$0.8 [@Col01a]. For timescales $\leq$ 60 d, @Col01a also found that optical and UV slopes are consistent with each other. This supports a common variability mechanism. Over the last 10$-$15 years, several gravitationally lensed quasars have been monitored more or less regularly. Some of them offer a unique opportunity to study the origin of the intrinsic signal of quasars, since their intrinsic fluctuations are repeated in two or more lensed components with certain time delays and magnitude offsets [e.g. @Sch92]. Optical frames ($g$ and $r$ bands) of the double quasar were taken with the Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5 m telescope during the 1995 and 1996 seasons. These produced accurate light curves that basically include intrinsic variations [@Kun97]. @Kaw98 studied the square root of the structure function of using the APO $g$-band light curves (photometric magnitudes), finding a shallow logarithmic slope of $\sim$ 0.35 over restframe lags $\leq$ 200 d. Unfortunately, these authors did not subtract the observational noise from the photometric measurements [e.g., @Sim85; @Cid00; @Col01a], which has a significant effect on the measured variations at the shortest lags. @Gil01 found an initial slope of the square-root noise-less structure function of in the $R$ band $\beta >$ 0.5 (timescale $<$ 100 d). Very recently, @Foh08 separated intrinsic from extrinsic variations in , and measured a slope of $\sim$ 0.5 over restframe lags $\leq$ 1 year (intrinsic structure function in the $r$ band). From $r$-band data of , @Goi08 also estimated a steep initial slope $\beta \sim$ 1 over restframe lags $\leq$ 100 d. No simple model was able to accurately reproduce the shape of the structure function of the intrinsic luminosity of . The first lensed quasar [@Wal79] is probably the best-studied lens system. This has been investigated in several spectral regions, including radio, IR, optical, UV and X-ray wavelengths. The radio maps of both components showed the presence of radio cores and $\sim 0\farcs1$ jets [@Por81; @Gor84; @Gor88; @Gar94; @Haa01]. @Hut03 reported evidence for EUV ($\sim$ 1100 Å) activity along the radio jets. Apart from EUV emission associated with the jet, @Hut03 also found EUV emission within a radius of $0\farcs3$, which is associated with a circumnuclear environment. Taking into account the redshift of the quasar ($z$ = 1.41), optical observations in the $g$ and $r$ bands correspond to middle ultraviolet (MUV) emission ($\sim$ 2100$-$2600 Å). Hence, fluctuations in the observed optical magnitude trace variations in the UV luminosity of the source. is a very bright and massive object, with both $\lambda L_{\lambda}$(1350 Å) and $\lambda L_{\lambda}$(3000 Å) exceeding 10$^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$, and a black hole mass of 2$-$3 $\times$ 10$^9$ M$_\odot$ [@Pen06]. The double quasar is also a X-ray bright source [e.g. @Cha00], but a possible X-ray jet has not yet been resolved. Liverpool Quasar Lens Monitoring (LQLM) is a long-term project to follow the variability of gravitationally lensed quasars with the Liverpool robotic telescope [@Goi08]. The first phase of this project (LQLM I) included a monitoring programme of in the $gr$ optical bands. The new LQLM I light curves of (2005$-$2007 seasons) indicated the absence of significant extrinsic variability [@Sha08]. In addition, using the time delays (between quasar components and between optical bands) from the APO and LQLM I records, @Sha08 suggested that most prominent variations in are very probably due to reverberation in the accretion disc around the supermassive black hole [see also @Col01b]. In Section 2, the new LQLM I dataset is used to accurately trace the shapes of the square-root noise-less structure functions of the quasar UV luminosity. These shapes are closely linked to the nature of the UV fluctuations (see here above), so we investigate the mechanism(s) of variability at two different restframe wavelengths: $\lambda \sim$ 2100 Å ($g$ band) and $\lambda \sim$ 2600 Å ($r$ band). By comparing the new shape with the old (APO dataset) at $\lambda \sim$ 2100 Å, we also check for time evolution of the mechanism(s) of variability. In Section 3, we present our conclusions and discuss the quasar structure (temperature profile and source sizes) that emerges from the favoured variability scenario. Structure function analysis =========================== ![APO and LQLM I combined light curves. While the light curves of Q0957+561B (open circles) are unchanged, the Q0957+561A records (filled circles) are shifted by the 417-d time delay and optimal magnitude offsets (producing optimal overlaps). Top: APO $g$-band. Middle: LQLM I $g$-band. Bottom: LQLM I $r$-band. We note that all magnitudes are expressed in the SDSS photometric system.[]{data-label="combi"}](f1.eps){width="9cm"} The APO and LQLM I light curves of the double quasar do not show evidence of extrinsic variability [@Kun97; @Sha08]. Thus, we directly obtain the noise-less structure function of the intrinsic luminosity at a given restframe wavelength [instead of one structure function for each component, a combined record and the corresponding structure function are made, e.g., @Kaw98]. The combined records that we use in this paper are depicted in Fig. \[combi\]. There is no standard form of the structure function, but different approaches to the problem. For example, while magnitudes, $SF(m)$, are often used in optical astronomy [e.g. @Wil08 and references therein], monochromatic fluxes or luminosities, $SF(F)$ or $SF(L)$, are more relevant in radio astronomy or to accurately compare with models of variability [e.g. @Sim85; @Cid00; @Col01a]. The structure function $SF(L)$ at restframe lag $\Delta \tau$ is estimated through the averaged sum $$SF(L) = (1/2N) \sum_{i,j} [(10^{- 0.4 m_j} - 10^{- 0.4 m_i})^2 - \overline{\sigma}_i^2 - \overline{\sigma}_j^2] ,$$ where $m$ are magnitudes, $\overline{\sigma} = 0.921 \times 10^{- 0.4 m} \sigma$, $\sigma$ are photometric uncertainties, and the sum includes $N$ pairs verifying $\tau_j - \tau_i \sim \Delta \tau$. Here, $L = 10^{- 0.4 m}$ are monochromatic luminosities in convenient units and $\tau$ are restframe times [e.g., @Cid00; @Goi08]. This $SF(L)$ describes typical luminosity variabilities at different restframe lags. We normalize the original structure function to the luminosity variance and then take the square-root for convenience, i.e., we analyse the normalized structure function $f = [SF(L)]^{1/2} / \sigma(L)$. Restframe lags substantially below the restframe duration of the records are considered in the analysis. In the initial selection, we take $\Delta \tau \leq P/4(1 + z)$, where $P$ is the duration of each whole combined record (see Fig. \[combi\]). Later, only lags before reaching the asymptotic behaviours ($f \leq$ 1) are taken into account. In Fig. \[sfgr\], using LQLM I observations, the normalized structure function at $\lambda \sim$ 2100 Å ($g$ band; filled circles) is compared to $f$ at $\lambda \sim$ 2600 Å ($r$ band; open circles). Both growths seem to be consistent with each other. With respect to the initial logarithmic slopes, in Fig. \[sfgr\] we also show two fits $f = A (\Delta \tau)^{\beta}$ with $\hat{\chi}^2 = \chi^2/N_{dof}$ values close to 1 ($N_{dof}$ is the number of degrees of freedom). The fits over time intervals 3$-$14 d ($g$ band) and 6$-$50 d ($r$ band) lead to $\beta$ = 0.71 $\pm$ 0.08 and $\beta$ = 0.63 $\pm$ 0.02 (1$\sigma$ intervals), respectively. These initial slopes disagree with the prediction of the cellular-automaton disc-instability model, but roughly agree with the time-symmetric flares that appear in the one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations (see Introduction). In principle, the starburst model could also account for the measured slope at $\sim$ 2100 Å ($g$ band). The microlensing slope $\beta \sim$ 0.2$-$0.3 [@Haw02] is strongly inconsistent with the LQLM I data of , which is not at all surprising. We are studying intrinsic fluctuations, so microlensing does not play any role. In Fig. \[sfgg\], the APO (open triangles) and LQLM I (filled circles) structure functions of at $\sim$ 2100 Å have significantly different initial growths. This may be a consequence of evolution in the variability scenario, since both experiments (APO and LQLM I) are separated by $\sim$ 1500 d in the quasar restframe. In fact, the oldest (APO) brightness records seem to incorporate relatively short fluctuations (which would not be present in the LQLM I light curves) that would generate the differences between initial growths. The solid lines in Fig. \[sfgg\] fit the APO behaviours in three time intervals ($\hat{\chi}^2 \sim$ 1). Their slopes are $\beta$ = 0.81 $\pm$ 0.12 at $\Delta \tau \leq$ 5 d, $\beta$ = 0.66 $\pm$ 0.06 at $\Delta \tau \leq$ 11 d, and $\beta$ = 0.59 $\pm$ 0.04 at $\Delta \tau \leq$ 16 d (1$\sigma$ intervals). Model[^1] Observed structure function[^2] $\hat{\chi}^2$ $w_1$[^3] $\tau_1$$^c$ (d) $\tau_2$$^c$ (d) --------------- --------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------- SQF(1)+STF(2) $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å) 1.21 0.266 $^{+0.016}_{-0.020}$ 32.6 $^{+1.4}_{-2.4}$ 175.8 $^{+7.2}_{-6.6}$ $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å) 0.65 0.170 $^{+0.028}_{-0.016}$ 33.2 $^{+4.2}_{-1.6}$ 122.7 $^{+4.2}_{-3.9}$ $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) 1.44 0.266 $^{+0.024}_{-0.024}$ 11.0 $^{+1.4}_{-1.2}$ 107.1 $^{+6.6}_{-6.0}$ SQF(1)+SBF(2) $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å) 1.19 0.706 $^{+0.092}_{-0.664}$ 151.4 $^{+10.8}_{-142.2}$ 135 $^{+161}_{-29}$ $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å) 0.99 0.630 $^{+0.080}_{-0.082}$ 88.2 $^{+4.0}_{-6.0}$ 353 $^{+108}_{-52}$ $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) 1.78 0.758 $^{+0.042}_{-0.046}$ 99.4 $^{+8.6}_{-6.8}$ 32 $^{+6}_{-6}$ EDF(1)+STF(2) $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å) 1.25 0.902 $^{+0.042}_{-0.268}$ 180.4 $^{+14.0}_{-62.8}$ 90.6 $^{+107.7}_{-26.1}$ $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å) 0.73 0.418 $^{+0.048}_{-0.054}$ 154.8 $^{+27.6}_{-30.4}$ 97.2 $^{+9.6}_{-7.2}$ $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) 1.80 0.856 $^{+0.032}_{-0.030}$ 135.6 $^{+14.0}_{-12.4}$ 10.8 $^{+1.5}_{-1.5}$ STF(1)+STF(2) $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å) 1.55 0.204 $^{+0.020}_{-0.018}$ 24.3 $^{+2.4}_{-2.7}$ 162.3 $^{+6.3}_{-5.7}$ $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å) 0.80 0.182 $^{+0.046}_{-0.036}$ 36.0 $^{+5.4}_{-5.1}$ 123.9 $^{+5.7}_{-5.1}$ $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) 1.31 0.270 $^{+0.018}_{-0.020}$ 10.8 $^{+0.9}_{-0.9}$ 108.0 $^{+6.3}_{-5.7}$ STF(1)+SBF(2) $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å) 1.18 0.052 $^{+0.586}_{-0.010}$ 11.7 $^{+177.3}_{-2.1}$ 287 $^{+13}_{-192}$ $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å) 0.72 0.608 $^{+0.110}_{-0.098}$ 112.5 $^{+6.0}_{-8.4}$ 167 $^{+35}_{-40}$ $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) 1.64 0.646 $^{+0.036}_{-0.036}$ 114.3 $^{+8.4}_{-7.8}$ 33 $^{+5}_{-4}$ In order to discuss the mechanism(s) for (M)UV variability, and to quantify the spectral and time evolution of that mechanism(s), we compare the observed shapes of the structure functions (Figs. \[sfgr\]$-$\[sfgg\]) with predictions of Poissonian models. In a first level of complexity (simplest models), we use three phenomenological models: square flares (SQF), exponentially decaying flares (EDF), and symmetric triangular flares (STF), as well as starburst flares (SBF) produced by supernova explosions [@Are97; @Cid00]. For example, EDF is a simple model to describe asymmetric flares, i.e., rapid rises and slow declines, or slow rises and rapid declines (the structure function cannot distinguish between both variants). STF is a rough description of the hydrodynamical simulations by @Man96 and a relatively good approach to the X-ray shots found by @Neg94. Each model is characterised by a shape function $s(\tau)$, $f = [s(\tau)]^{1/2}$, and these shape functions appear in Appendix B of @Cid00 and Eq. (17) of @Are97. The 4 level-1 models of $f$ only include one free parameter: flare lifetime $\tau$ (e.g., $\tau = T$ for a square flare of duration $T$ and $\tau = 5 t_{sg}$ for a supernova explosion, where $t_{sg}$ is the time when the supernova remnant reaches the maximum of its radiative phase). In the Poissonian framework, we can consider more complex schemes. Thus, in a second level of complexity, the luminosity is assumed to be due to the superposition of a constant background and two independent variable components. It can easily be shown that $f = [w_1 s_1(\tau_1) + (1 - w_1) s_2(\tau_2)]^{1/2}$, where $w_1$ is the ratio between the variance of the first fluctuating component and the total variance, and $s_1$ and $s_2$ are the shape functions of the two independent components. The possibility that AGN variability is caused by several independent processes was suggested in previous work [e.g. @Kaw98; @Col01a]. Here, using 10 level-2 models of $f$ (SQF+SQF, SQF+EDF, SQF+STF, SQF+SBF, EDF+EDF, EDF+STF, EDF+SBF, STF+STF, STF+SBF, and SBF+SBF), we also explore this possibility. Each of these 10 possible combinations is characterised by three free parameters: $w_1$, and two lifetimes $\tau_1$ and $\tau_2$ (see above). To evaluate the quality of the fits obtained with the full set of 14 models, we analyse the $\hat{\chi}^2$ (reduced chi-square) values. For an acceptable fit, $\chi^2$ is expected to be in the range $N_{dof} \pm 2 (2N_{dof})^{1/2}$ (allowing $\chi^2 - N_{dof}$ differences of up to two standard deviations of the $\chi^2$ distribution), which implies 0.6 $\leq \hat{\chi}^2 \leq$ 1.4 ($N_{dof} \sim$ 45). As expected from the measured slopes, the five best solutions in terms of $\hat{\chi}^2$ are associated with (level-2) models incorporating either STF, or SBF, or both of them. However, only one out of our 42 fits to $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å), $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å), and $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) (3 observed shapes $\times$ 14 models) gives $\hat{\chi}^2 \leq$ 1.4. This result means that the uncertainties are slightly underestimated or alternatively, the models do not describe all details. The statistical uncertainties in each structure function, see Eq. (1), are computed as the standard deviations of the means (averaged sums) for the different time lag bins. Although we use a very popular estimator of uncertainties, @Col01a noted that not all pairs of data in a given bin are independent. To address this problem, they multiplied their errors by 2$^{1/2}$. We adopt the Collier & Peterson’s perspective and fit again the observed structure functions. After slightly enlarging the error bars, we concentrate on level-2 models consisting of STF/SBF and anything else. Among these 7 models of $f$, we select those giving $\hat{\chi}^2 <$ 2 for the three observed structure functions (main Poissonian models). The set of solutions is presented in Table \[fits\]. With regard to the spectral behaviour, four out of the 5 models in Table \[fits\] are able to accurately and simultaneously describe $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å) and $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å), i.e., they fit both LQLM I shapes acceptably well (0.6 $\leq \hat{\chi}^2 \leq$ 1.4). The solutions for the first model (SQF+STF) indicate that symmetric triangular flares at $\sim$ 2100 Å have a lifetime longer than the duration of STF at $\sim$ 2600 Å. However, this is puzzling with the accretion disc paradigm. Similar lifetimes are expected in a reverberation scenario. Moreover, $\tau$(2100 Å) $<$ $\tau$(2600 Å) in a disc local-instability scenario, e.g., the thermal timescale is proportional to $(R^3/GM)^{1/2}$, where $M$ is the mass of the central black hole and $R \propto \lambda^{4/3}$ is the emission radius [e.g., @Goi08 and references therein]. The solutions for the second model (SQF+SBF) incorporate supernova explosions with $t_{sg}$(2100 Å) $<$ $t_{sg}$(2600 Å). However, the timescale $t_{sg}$ is exlusively related to the circumstellar density and the total energy released in each explosion [e.g., @Are97], so a chromatic timescale is not the expected result. The solutions for the EDF+STF and STF+SBF models are the most interesting ones (LQLM I data). There is a clear degeneracy between EDF and SBF, which seem to work in a similar way. Hence, the solutions for the third and fifth models are interpreted as evidence in favour of the coexistence of $\sim$ 100-d time-symmetric flares and longer time-asymmetric shots (see Table \[fits\]). Both kinds of flares at both wavelengths can be mostly due to reverberation, i.e., two types of EUV/X-ray variation in the vicinity of the accretion disc axis that are reprocessed by two annuli of the disc gas. Measurements of time delays [@Kun97; @Col01b; @Sha08], and the existence of an EUV jet [@Hut03] and a bright X-ray source [@Cha00], support this physical scenario. From Table \[fits\], $\tau_{asym}$ = 168 d and $\tau_{sym}$ = 105 d is a good compromise between the results at the two wavelengths and for the two flare asymmetric profiles (exponentially decaying and starburst profile). Although the relative variances depend on wavelength, there is no need to invoke some mechanism other than reverberation. While the $\sim$ 2100 Å variability is consistent with the asymmetric flares producing most of the variance at this wavelength ($w_{asym}$ = 72%), the variance at $\sim$ 2600 Å would be mainly due to the symmetric flares ($w_{asym}$ = 40%). This chromaticity in the relative variances is associated with the difference between time coverages, gaps and artifacts in the $g$ ($\sim$ 2100 Å) and $r$ ($\sim$ 2600 Å) bands (see middle and bottom panels in Fig. \[combi\]). The LQLM I $g$-band combined record lasts longer than the LQLM I combined curve in the $r$ band, so it contains a prominent decline that is not present in the shorter record. Besides the longer time coverage, the $g$-band curve fills a gap corresponding to the peak of an important event. The presence of a few artifacts could also play a role. In Fig. \[sffits\], the LQLM I shapes are compared with the adopted solutions: $w_{asym}$ = 0.72, $\tau_{asym}$ = 168 d, and $\tau_{sym}$ = 105 d for $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2100 Å), and $w_{asym}$ = 0.40, $\tau_{asym}$ = 168 d, and $\tau_{sym}$ = 105 d for $f_{LQLM\ I}$(2600 Å). In spite of the enlargement of error bars and the use of relatively sophisticated modelling, no model leads to an acceptable global solution at both wavelengths and both epochs. The APO data are only consistent, in terms of $\hat{\chi}^2$, with the STF+STF model. The corresponding solution includes $\sim$ 100-d time-symmetric flares and other family of very short-lifetime ($\tau \sim$ 10 d) symmetric flares. This last kind of fluctuations is responsible for about 1/4 of the total variance. The dominant $\sim$ 100-d shots are also detected in the LQLM I experiment, so the main source of these flares do not evolve over decades (in the observer’s frame). Nevertheless, the absence of longer asymmetric flares (APO data) is a mystery. This could be due to unfortunate gaps in the light curves, time coverage of the monitoring, etc, or simply reflects the evolution of the central engine. Assuming that UV asymmetric flares are triggered by EUV/X-ray fluctuations (reverberation in the accretion disc; see above), we would be dealing with intermittency in the generation of high-energy asymmetric fluctuations (within or close to the jet). As we commented here above, the structure function $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) agrees with the presence of very short-timescale shots, which are not detected from the new LQLM I records. These fluctuations may be caused by some kind of observational (systematic) noise or alternatively, they might be related to an episode of very short-timescale activity inside the disc, the jet or other region. In Fig. \[sffits\], the adopted solution (STF+STF model with parameters $w_1$ = 0.27, $\tau_1$ = 11 d, and $\tau_2$ = 105 d) fits $f_{APO}$(2100 Å) reasonably well. Conclusions and discussion ========================== We present a novel and rigorous analysis of the structure function of the UV variability of the gravitationally lensed quasar . New Liverpool telescope data [2005$-$2007 seasons; @Sha08] allow us to construct normalized structure functions of the quasar luminosity at two restframe wavelengths: $\lambda \sim$ 2100 Å ($g$ band data) and $\lambda \sim$ 2600 Å ($r$ band data). Old Apache Point Observatory records in the $g$ band [1995$-$1996 seasons; @Kun97] are also used to check the possible time evolution of the variability at $\sim$ 2100 Å. The observed shapes of the structure functions are compared to predictions of a large set of Poissonian models. This set of models includes the simplest and well-known ones, consisting of only one variable component [@Cid00 and references therein], as well as hybrid models incorporating two independent variable components. Several hybrid (or level-2) models are able to account for both Liverpool telescope structure functions (see Table \[fits\]). Some of them contain flares with unrealistic profile (square flares) and lead to solutions that are difficult to interpret. Fortunately, we also find reasonable solutions in which $\sim$ 100-d time-symmetric and $\sim$ 170-d time-asymmetric flares are produced at both restframe wavelengths. Exponentially decaying and starburst flares (and very probably other time-asymmetric shots) work in a similar way. Therefore, the good behaviour of the starburst ingredient does not necessarily implies the existence of supernova explosions, but the production of highly asymmetric shots. What about the mechanism of intrinsic variability?. The old and very recent $gr$ light curves of led to time delays between quasar components and between optical bands that mainly support a reverberation scenario [@Col01b; @Sha08]. Thus, reverberation would be the main mechanism of variability. The presence of an EUV/radio jet [e.g., @Gar94; @Hut03] and a bright X-ray source [@Cha00] also suggests the viability of this mechanism: two types of EUV/X-ray fluctuations that are generated within or close to the jet, and later reprocessed by two rings of the disc (each ring corresponds to a different restframe wavelength). On the other hand, one can also justify both kinds of flare profile. For example, the cellular-automaton model produces asymmetric shots [e.g., @Kaw98], and hydrodynamical simulations lead to symmetric flares [@Man96]. The $\sim$ 100-d time-symmetric shots seem to be also responsible for most of the $\sim$ 2100 Åvariability detected in the Apache Point Observatory experiment, but there is no evidence of asymmetric shots in the old UV variability. This absence of asymmetric flares may be due to gaps in the light curves, a relatively short monitoring period, etc. Alternatively, it could means an evolution of the central engine, i.e., intermittent production of high-energy asymmetric fluctuations. The Apache Point Observatory structure function is also consistent with the presence of very short-lifetime ($\sim$ 10 d) symmetric flares. This kind of flare might be caused by observational systematic noise, or perhaps, represent additional evidence for time evolution. Our results do not support a previous claim for the possible starburst origin of some events in the old $g$-band light curves [@Ull03]. Despite the presence of two twin events (one in each quasar component) with an anomalous delay [@Goi02], the associated shot probably occurred at the base of the jet or in the circumnuclear region, but it was not originated by a supernova explosion. Very recently, several studies have showed evidence that optical/UV variability of quasars on restframe timescales $>$ 100 d is mainly driven by variations in accretion rate [e.g., @Wol07; @Are08; @LiC08; @Wil08]. Here we are discussing the UV variability of at restframe lags $\leq$ 100 d. is a very bright and massive object, and this population could not be studied by @Wil08. The first lensed quasar has also an EUV/radio jet (and important X-ray activity; see above), so high-energy variations in the surroundings of the disc axis and their reverberation are possible. For example, on timescales below 100 days, the optical variations of the local Seyfert galaxy are related to its X-ray variations [@Cze99]. Hence, part of the optical variability of this AGN (timescales $<$ 100 days) could be explained by X-ray reprocessing. Chromatic delays for the local Seyfert galaxy also reveal a reverberation scenario [@Col99]. @Are08 reported on an illustrative example of mixed variability. The local quasar has been monitored simultaneously in X-rays and optical bands. All spectral regions were significantly variable, and the fluctuations were clearly correlated. @Are08 indicated that pure reprocessing of X-rays cannot account for both $\sim$ 100-d and $\sim$ 500-d timescale optical variability. They claimed that two distinct mechanisms produce the variability: accretion rate variations plus reverberation, and the shortest timescale optical events are due to reverberation. For an irradiated disc, in general, we obtain a temperature profile shallower than the standard one $T \propto r^{-3/4}$ [@Sha73]. The reverberation hypothesis assumes that the optical/UV disc regions are irradiated by EUV/X-ray photons from the vicinity of the disc axis. If the high-energy source is placed on the axis and at a height $H_X$ above the thin disc (disc thickness $<< H_X$), the non-standard temperature profile is $$T(r) = \left[\frac{3GM\dot{M}}{8\pi\sigma r^3} + \frac{(1-A)L_X H_X}{4\pi\sigma (H_x^2 + r^2)^{3/2}}\right]^{1/4} ,$$ where $G$ is the gravitation constant, $\sigma$ is the Stefan constant, $\dot{M}$ is the mass accretion rate, $A$ is the disc albedo, i.e., the ratio of reflection to incident high-energy radiation, and $L_X$ is the luminosity of the irradiating source [e.g., @Cac07 and references therein]. Moreover, considering $r >> H_X$ (and thus, a standard temperature profile), the typical radius of the intensity distribution at a given restframe wavelength $\lambda$ should be greater than the standard value [for standard structure, see, e.g., @Sha02]. Eq. (2) leads to $$R = \left[\frac{3GM\dot{M}}{8\pi\sigma} + \frac{(1-A)L_X H_X}{4\pi\sigma}\right]^{1/3} \left[\frac{k \lambda}{hc}\right]^{4/3} ,$$ where $k$ is the Boltzmann constant, $h$ is the Planck constant, and $c$ is the speed of light. This non-standard typical radius is produced by both the heating due to irradiation and the viscous heating in the disc. Finally, we point out that shallow temperature profiles (from reverberation) could be consistent with microlensing data of some lensed quasars [e.g., @Poi08]. Moreover, the non-standard sizes of several lensed and microlensed quasars [@Mor07; @Poo07] might be related to relatively high irradiation-to-viscosity ratios $IVR = 2(1-A)L_X H_X/3GM\dot{M}$. We thank an anonymous referee for several comments that improved the presentation of our results. Liverpool Quasar Lens Monitoring is a long-term project to follow the optical variability of lensed quasars with the Liverpool robotic telescope. 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H., Cordes, J. M., & Heeschen, D. S. 1985, , 296, 46 Ullán, A., et al. 2003, , 346, 415 Vanden Berk, D. E., et al. 2004, , 601, 692 Walsh, D., Carswell, R. F., & Weymann, R. J. 1979, Nature, 279, 381 Wilhite, B. C., Brunner, R. J., Grier, C. J., Schneider, D. P., & Vanden Berk, D. E. 2008, , 383, 1232 Wold, M., Brotherton, M. S., & Shang, Z. 2007, , 375, 989 [^1]: SQF = square flares, EDF = exponentially decaying flares, STF = symmetric triangular flares, and SBF = starburst flares. [^2]: Normalized structure functions (see main text) from Liverpool telescope (LQLM I) and Apache Point Observatory (APO) data. [^3]: All measurements are 1$\sigma$ intervals.	2024-07-27T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5692
Almost 14,000 people have so far signed a petition urging the Dutch government not to make its decision to limit the 30% ruling for international workers retroactive, after the surprise decision was announced last month. New Facebook groups Screwed Expats and International Professionals against Retroactive Ruling have also launched a fund-raising campaign to raise at least €10,000 to fight the government’s decision, in the courts if necessary. ‘We support the authority of the Dutch government to change their policy towards future expats as they see fit,’ the fund raising page states. ‘However, these changes should not impact current expats already residing here in the Netherlands, who came here based on a promise of eight to 10 years of the 30% ruling. No reneging.’ Last month tax minister Menno Snel said the ruling, which allows some 60,000 expats and Dutch nationals who have been away for more than 10 years to reduce their tax bills, will only be claimable for five years from 2019, and that the change will be applied to people who are already receiving the tax break. The finance ministry has also confirmed to DutchNews.nl that there will be no period of transition for current claimants. The change to the regulations, which will be formally announced when the government presents its 2019 spending plans in September, was first mentioned in last year’s coalition agreement. Nevertheless, the decision to cut the entitlement of existing claimants has generated a wave of concern among expats and companies which employ international workers. European court Joost van Benthum, a tax lawyer and senior manager at law firm AKD, says he has been contacted by several corporate clients concerned about the implications, particularly the lack of a transition agreement for employees currently benefiting from the 30% ruling. ‘I am sure some people will start legal proceedings in order to obtain confirmation whether the changes are in line with Dutch and European law,’ he told DutchNews.nl. ‘Ministers may well introduce some sort of transition period before the plan is formally presented to parliament during the budget in September. However, there are currently no concrete indications that this is being considered.’ More tax The change will have considerable financial implications for international staff who are able to claim the ruling, which only benefits expats who meet strict income requirements and lived at least 150 km from a Dutch border before moving here. According to tax advisor Lennart Suurmond, the change will mean someone earning €60,000 a year will have to pay around €8,000 more a year in tax. Henk Jansen, of mortgage advisory group Expat Mortgages, said he thinks the change will make the Netherlands less attractive to internationals and that he has been contacted by dozens of clients worried about how they are going to pay for their homes. ‘I think it’s ridiculous to “punish” existing beneficiaries by deducting three years from the eights years they had been led to expect,’ he said. Credibility One expat who has donated money to the fund-raising campaign said on the fundraising website: ‘I arrived in the Netherlands last September. I just bought an apartment here this month. And now the Dutch government is stabbing me in the back by changing the law retroactively when I just took a 30-year mortgage. This is disgusting and dishonest.’ José de Boer, a financial advisor who specialises in helping expats with their financial planning, said she works with people who have based their mortgages and all their financial planning on getting the 30% ruling for eight years. ‘Now the government turns round and says they can only have five years after all,’ she said. ‘This is causing a lot of uncertainty, costing people thousands of euros and damaging the credibility of the government.’ Have you been affected by this ruling or are you an employer with international staff who will be hit. Please get in touch with editor@dutchnews.nl You can also comment directly on this article in the section below.	2024-03-21T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/3914
Q: Float not affecting sibling div's paragraphs. I'm trying to create a web page, that has three columns of text, but these columns float around a central quote. It's supposed to look like this: http://imgur.com/Rkh04OU but it currently looks like this: http://imgur.com/M3WRWJ4 The problem is, the "float:left" applied to the quote is not affecting the text, because the text is in a containing div. I can't take the text out of the div, because then it won't be in 3 columns. Is there some trick I don't know to fix this? Here's my code if that helps: #magicquote{ position: absolute; top: 10vh; width: 50%; float: left; } #maintext{ -webkit-column-count: 3; /* Chrome, Safari, Opera / -moz-column-count: 3; / Firefox */ column-count: 3; margin-left: 25%; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "teststylesheet.css" type = "text/css" media = "all"/> </head> <body> <p id = "magicquote"> lorem</p> <div id = "maintext"> <p> lorem</p> <p> lorem</p> </div> </body> </html> A: Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but I do not think what I want to do is possible in current (2016) CSS without weird "hacks". I appreciate Steve Hartley's answer, and what he says certainly works for static web pages. However, I'm trying to make a responsive page and Steve's code would leave large white spaces and the window shrunk. To make this more responsive, I'm going to add an empty div where Steve put his pre element. Then I'll use JS to change this div's height depending on the location and size of the other elements in my page.	2024-01-04T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9552
Prevention of Congenital Disorders and Care of Affected Children: A Consensus Statement. As the Sustainable Development Goals are adopted by United Nations member states, children with congenital disorders remain left behind in policies, programs, research, and funding. Although this finding was recognized by the creation and endorsement of the 63rd World Health Assembly Resolution in 2010 calling on United Nations member states to strengthen prevention of congenital disorders and the improvement of care of those affected, there has been little to no action since then. The Sustainable Development Goals call for the global health and development community to focus first and foremost on the most vulnerable and those left behind in the Millennium Development Goal era. To maximize the opportunity for every woman and couple to have a healthy child and to reduce the mortality and severe disability associated with potentially avoidable congenital disorders and their consequences for the children affected, their families and communities, and national health care systems, we propose priority measures that should be taken urgently to address this issue.	2024-03-30T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7075
The present invention generally relates to sheathing assemblies, and more specifically, to sheathing assemblies with weather resistant barriers. Commercial and residential buildings may be constructed by attaching panels, also called sheathing assemblies, to the underlying support frame. The sheathing assemblies are installed on the exterior surfaces of a building's frame, e.g., along the vertical sides and roof. The panels may be, for example, plywood panels or oriented strand board (OSB) panels. The panels are generally aligned side-by-side, with edges of the adjacent panels contacting one another or being in proximity to one another such that the panels form a substantially continuous surface. The sheathing assemblies may be covered with a layer of a barrier material, sometimes referred to as building wrap or house wrap, that reduces the effects of the outside environment on the panels and building interior. The house wrap serves as a barrier to protect the panels and the building interior from precipitation, moisture accumulation, or wind. The house wrap may be installed over the panels by unrolling the building wrap from a roll and securing the wrap to the panels using a fastener, for example, staples, adhesives, or nails. As an alternative to applying the barrier material after installing the panels, the barrier material may be applied to the panels during manufacture. Then the assembled panels are installed on the building exterior. These panels are easily installed on a building or roof exterior.	2023-08-15T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9913
Lawrence VanDyke is President Donald Trump's pick for a seat on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Conservatives love it; Democrats? Not so much. The Ninth Circuit is considered one of the most liberal appeals courts in the country. It hears cases from nine Western states, including Nevada, and two Pacific Island jurisdictions. Why is VanDyke a worry to Democrats? State of Nevada contributor John L. Smith has been looking into it. “I think he is probably President Donald Trump’s dream come true. Lawrence VanDyke is a guy who has experience. He has a belief system that reflects the espoused views of the president. He has the kind of background that really is an ideal choice for a president that is trying to pack court systems across the country and really remake them in real-time,” Smith said. VanDyke is from Montana and worked as the solicitor general for Nevada, under former Attorney General Adam Laxalt. He graduated from Harvard Law School and worked at the Harvard Law Review, which is a background that Smith noted "sparkles." “However, he also has views and has stated opinions that run contrary to what some Democrats are calling mainstream beliefs,” Smith said. Some of those views include writings that espouse creationism being part of school textbooks, strong opinions on local control of public lands and a stint with a non-profit that critics have called anti-LGBTQ. Support comes from “There are things that a lot of folks would say, Democrats especially, that put him out of the mainstream. However, you are also talking about a guy with a lot of credentials,” Smith said. After Laxalt lost his bid for governor last year, VanDyke quickly got a job in the Justice Department's environment and natural resources division. “He’s a dream come true for the folks who look at the federal public lands and essentially want to privatize them or turn them over to local control,” Smith said. If VanDyke is appointed to the court, he would not be the only conservative taking a seat at the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, Smith noted. “A lot of people have relied on the 9th Circuit for a progressive view of the law. And clearly, the president is trying to make some changes,” he said. Storm Area 51 “Clearly, this was probably pretty underwhelming for some people,” Smith said of the events this past weekend that started as a joke on Facebook inviting people to storm the top-secret military base but turned into an alien-centric festival in rural Nevada. After months of hype, about 3,000 people showed up to Rachel and Hiko for the events. Smith was among the people there. He talked to local business owners who did get a boost, all be it a small one. One of the noticeable parts of the event was law enforcement, Smith said. “People were trying to - I think - folks in officialdom, administration, they were really trying to react in a positive way. They were trying to make sure no one got hurt or killed and that it went off as quickly planned as it was.” Nobody saw ET but they did see OT for the NHP, Smith quipped. “It's possible that everyone who was part of the process is going to have a letter in the mail coming and a bill because in going through that area the turnout of people trying to make sure that things didn’t go sideways… there were quite a few ambulances, there was firefighting equipment and many, many NHP vehicles. So there is going to be a bill.” Smith said if better planned next year the event might grow into something more. “You got your money’s worth for weird, that’s for sure,” he said.	2024-07-11T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7885
198 Md. 609 (1951) 84 A.2d 862 STANNARD v. McCOOL [No. 48, October Term, 1951.] Court of Appeals of Maryland. Decided December 7, 1951. 610 The cause was argued before MARBURY, C.J., and DELAPLAINE, COLLINS, HENDERSON and MARKELL, JJ. Edward A. Smith, with whom was G. Elbert Marshall on the brief, for appellant. Submitted on brief by James Weinroth and Edward T. Miller for appellee. COLLINS, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. This is an appeal from the granting of a demurrer prayer and a motion for a judgment N.O.V. in favor of the appellee, John W. McCool, after a verdict rendered by a jury for the appellant, James R. Stannard. Of course, in deciding whether this demurrer prayer and motion should have been granted, we will resolve all conflicts in the evidence in favor of the appellant and assume the truth of all evidence and all inferences which may naturally and legitimately be deduced therefrom which tend to support appellant's claim. The evidence will therefore be recited in a light most favorable to the appellant. Eisenhower v. Balto. Transit Co., 190 Md. 528, 532, 59 A.2d 313. In 1946, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Holmes, James A. Nowland, Jr., and Eva A. Nowland, residents of the state of Washington and heirs of the Nowland Estate, owned several properties located in Cecilton, Cecil County, Maryland, which were placed in the hands of a real estate firm, the Maryland-Virginia Farm Agency, for sale. On August 23, 1946, a Mr. Nicholson, the manager of the real estate agency, forwarded to Mr. Carroll C. Short 611 of Cecilton, the son-in-law and agent of the appellee, a contract of sale for the purchase by the appellee of certain lots belonging to the Nowland Estate, the purchase price to be the sum of nine thousand dollars. Mr. McCool signed this contract and it was returned to Mr. Nicholson, together with Mr. McCool's check, dated August 26, 1946, in the amount of $1,000.00, as the down payment. Mr. Nicholson deposited this check in the agency account and delivered the contract of sale to Mr. Hector J. Ciotti, who, with Mr. Robert Lee Slingluff, was attorney for the Nowland heirs. Messrs. Ciotti and Slingluff forwarded the contract of sale to their clients in the State of Washington on August 26, 1946. The contract was signed by the Nowland heirs and returned to Mr. Ciotti on October 10, 1946. Before this contract reached Baltimore, Mr. Stannard, the appellant, called Mr. Ciotti on the telephone from Cecilton and asked Mr. Ciotti whether he represented the Nowland Estate and when told he did, asked how much he wanted for the Cecilton properties. Mr. Ciotti told him: "They have been sold, the contract is on its way to the West Coast now." Stannard said: "How much have you been offered?" Ciotti replied: "I am sorry, I can't tell you. If you want to make an offer, make your offer in writing with a check. I cannot tell you about the offer that's been made. The contract is on its way out." On September 1, 1946, Mr. Stannard wired Mrs. Holmes. There was an exchange of telegrams, as a result of which Messrs. Ciotti and Slingluff received a wire from the counsel for the Nowland heirs in Seattle. An offer of $12,000.00 had been made by Mr. Stannard and the nine thousand dollar contract with Mr. McCool was cancelled. The signatures of the Nowland heirs were then perforated with holes by Mr. Slingluff and the nine thousand dollar contract was returned to the real estate agent, Mr. Nicholson, who kept it in his files. The one thousand dollars paid by Mr. McCool was later returned to him by Mr. Nicholson. 612 Messrs. William Pepper Constable and John D. Alexander, attorneys of Baltimore, were employed by Mr. Stannard, the appellee, to represent him in searching the title and in the settlement of the properties here in question. Messrs. Constable and Alexander communicated with Messrs. Ciotti and Slingluff and contracts were prepared by Mr. Ciotti and were delivered with a letter dated September 18, 1946, to the offices of Constable and Alexander. For the purposes of this case, we will assume that a valid and enforceable contract was entered into on September 18, 1946, for the sale of the properties in question by the Nowland heirs to the appellant for twelve thousand dollars. On September 20, 1946, Mr. Stannard, the appellant, came to Mr. Alexander's office and was informed that the $12,000.00 sale "was off". Because of the refusal to complete the sale a suit for specific performance was filed in the Circuit Court for Cecil County on September 21, 1946, by Stannard against the Nowland heirs which resulted in the decree of September 2nd, 1947, ordering specific performance of the contract. No appeal was taken and a deed was executed and settlement has been made. On December 4, 1947, the present suit was filed by the appellant against the appellee by a declaration alleging the ownership by the Nowland heirs of the properties in question, the contract entered into by the Nowland heirs with the appellant for the purchase of the properties for the price of $12,000.00; "that thereafter, the Defendant, John W. McCool, knowing of the aforesaid contract between the Plaintiff" and the Nowland heirs for the price of $12,000.00 induced them to refuse to carry out the terms of said contract and further induced the Nowland heirs to enter into a contract with the said Defendant for the purchase of said property for the sum of $12,200.00; "that said action on the part of the Defendant was a malicious and illegal interference with the contractual rights of the Plaintiff and was done with the intention on the part of the Defendant of injuring 613 the Plaintiff and of obtaining a benefit for the Defendant; that it became necessary for the Plaintiff to employ counsel and file suit in this Honorable Court to require the specific performance" of said contract with the Nowland heirs; "that as a result of the aforesaid unlawful and malicious conduct on the part of the defendant, the plaintiff has been greatly damaged and injured and was required to spend large sums of money for counsel fee and other costs and expenses." (Italics supplied). The plaintiff asked for $10,000.00 damages. On February 16, 1948, Mr. McCool entered a counter suit against Mr. Stannard for malicious and illegal interference with his contractual rights with the Nowland heirs as a result of which his $9,000.00 contract was cancelled. The trial court entered a judgment on the counter claim in favor of Stannard for costs and no appeal is taken from that judgment. The original suit now before us was, after denial of a motion for a directed verdict, submitted to the jury who brought in a verdict in the amount of $650.00 for the appellant, Stannard. From a judgment N.O.V. setting aside that verdict, the appellant appeals. The agreement between the Nowland heirs and Mr. Stannard, having been entered into on September 18th and rejected by them on September 20th, any action on the part of Mr. McCool in knowingly interfering with that contract must necessarily have occurred between September 18th and September 20, 1946. The trial judge based the granting of the motion on the fact that he was "unable to find any evidence to establish that the defendant had knowledge prior to September 20th, 1946, that a binding legal contract of sale had been entered into between the owners of the lots in question and the Plaintiff or any evidence from which such interference could be fairly and reasonably deduced." Mr. Alexander testified that prior to September 18, 1946, Mr. McCool called him from Elkton. Mr. Alexander said: "I am not certain whether Mr. McCool asked for Mr. Constable or myself, but Mr. Constable had not 614 returned from vacation at that time, so I talked to Mr. McCool over the telephone and, of course, I don't have the exact words, but the substance of the conversation, the best of my recollection, is this. Mr. McCool said, `Do you people represent Mr. Stannard?' I answered `Yes', and he said, `Well, you know the people down in Cecilton don't want Mr. Stannard to have those properties. They want me to have them', and `If you and Mr. Constable represent Mr. Stannard in this matter it isn't going to do your firm any good in that part of the County'. I think I recall replying, `Mr. McCool, are you asking that we represent you?' `Oh,' he said, `Oh, no, no, but only that it would be bad for you if you represent Stannard in this matter', and there were probably a few other things said. I think something was said by Mr. McCool, `Well, you will get a big fee from him. Hit him hard', and I told him that we would charge him a reasonable fee for our services, but we had received nothing from him at that time. I did tell Mr. McCool we would represent Mr. Stannard to the best of our ability. That, as I recall, is the substance of the conversation." Mr. Slingluff testified that on September 19th a wire was sent from his office which contained the language "Sentiment of residents against sale to Stannard". Mr. Slingluff said he received this information from a grocer in Cecilton, who said "he would offer to meet any price that Mr. Stannard would pay for those properties". Mr. Slingluff, when asked why the Stannard sale was called off, replied: "Because we received a wire from our local counsel for our clients instructing us to call it off". He said that he did not tell his clients to call off the sale, but that his clients did it "of their own volition". The following questions and answers occurred during Mr. Slingluff's testimony: "Q. Had you received the McCool offer of $12,200.00? A. Oh, yes. Q. Would that have had anything to do with it? A. I don't think so. I don't think the McCool offer of $12,200.00 was made until the 20th, was it? Q. What do you think 615 was the reason? A. I don't know, or shall I put it this way. I was Attorney-at-Law for those people and if I know the reason I must rely on my privilege. Q. Did you tell them to call it off? A. I did not tell them to call it off. Q. And you are relying on a privilege? A. I am relying on the privilege as to what I know of what their thoughts may have been." No question or ruling as to this claim of privilege is before us on this record. Mr. Ciotti testified that neither Mr. McCool nor Mr. Short communicated with him between August 24th and September 20th. He said he complied with his clients' request and notified Mr. Alexander that the sale was off "and they had wired me and told me that the sale was off". He further said that McCool's offer of $12,200.00 was received after the preparation of the contracts for Mr. Stannard. When asked whether he told Mr. McCool that he had already prepared a contract for $12,000.00 for execution by Mr. Stannard, Mr. Ciotti replied: "I don't know whether I did or not. I will be frank and tell you this. I had no direct dealings with Mr. McCool." Mr. Ciotti, when asked the question: "You must have gotten word to him that there was a $12,200.00 offer from Mr. Stannard for the property, did you not?", answered: "I don't know whether I did or whether it came from the office or not. He may have known about it." When asked "Did you ever hear the fact that the residents of Cecilton didn't want Stannard to buy the property" he answered: "I had heard some statement, but I can't say who told me or how that came." On October 10th, 1946, a contract of sale was executed between the Nowland heirs and Carroll C. Short, Agent, for the sale of the properties in question for the sum of $12,200.00. This sale was never consummated. William Pepper Constable, Esq., testified that he was in Elkton on Saturday, September 28, 1946 and Mr. McCool called him in his office. The suit for specific performance had been filed. Mr. Constable testified that Mr. McCool said: "he had a check he had given to Maryland and Virginia Farm Agency, Inc., for 616 $1,000.00, dated August 26th, 1946, as a deposit on the seven lots at Cecilton of this Nowland Estate. He showed me the check and the check was endorsed by the Maryland-Virginia Farm Agency, Inc., for deposit with the Equitable Trust Company of Baltimore, and I think to the credit of that Farm Agency under an agency account." Mr. McCool showed him the check but no contract. The case of Knickerbocker Ice Company v. Gardiner Dairy Company, 107 Md. 556, 69 A. 405, 16 L.R.A., N.S., 746, involved a suit by the Gardiner Dairy Company against the Knickerbocker Ice Company for causing the Sumwalt Ice and Coal Company to break a contract with Gardiner. This Court said in that case, 107 Md. at pages 567 and 568, 69 A. at page 409: "Again the mere fact that a party acts from a bad motive or maliciously does not necessarily make him liable. If he has the right to act, his motive in acting cannot of itself make his act wrongful, but if he had no right to procure a breach of contract and resorts to unlawful means in doing so, he is liable to the injured party. We say `unlawful means' because a party may be the means of causing a contract to be broken, and still not be liable. To illustrate, A may advertise his goods for sale at such a low rate as to result in a breach of contract by B, who was under contract with C, to buy at a higher price, but that would not make A liable to C, or to make the illustration more apt, if the Knickerbocker Company had simply refused to furnish the Sumwalt Company with ice the Gardiner Company would not for that reason alone have a remedy against the Knickerbocker Company. Such action would not necessarily be unlawful or wrongful, but if the Knickerbocker Company refused to furnish the Sumwalt Company if it furnished the Gardiner Company, although it knew it was under contract to do so, in order to get the business of the Gardiner Company for itself on its own terms, then it was unlawful to thus interfere with the contract 617 between the Sumwalt Company and the Gardiner Company." (Italics supplied). The case of Cumberland Glass Manufacturing Company v. DeWitt, 120 Md. 381, 87 A. 927, was an action for damages for causing the breach of another's contract. In an opinion in that case, in which all of the then leading authorities were reviewed by Judge Burke, including the case of Knickerbocker Ice Co. v. Gardiner Dairy Co., supra, and the Sumwalt Ice Co. v. the Knickerbocker Ice Co., 114 Md. 403, 80 A. 48, this Court concluded, quoting in part: "`that it is a violation of legal right to interfere with contractual relations recognized by law if there is no sufficient justification for the interference.' Malice in this form of action does not mean actual malice, or ill will, but consists in the intentional doing of a wrongful act without legal justification or excuse." [120 Md. 381, 87 A.2d 931.] The Court further said in that case: "Turning now to an examination of the facts appearing in the record, we find evidence tending to establish the contracts between the plaintiff and the Mallard Distilling Company. Did the defendant know of these contracts, and did it intentionally cause the Mallard Company to break them? These are questions of fact. It is not the province of this Court to decide these questions. We are merely to determine whether the plaintiff offered evidence from which the jury might have reasonably found that the defendant had this knowledge and that it intentionally procured their cancellation." The appellant relies on the following from Restatement Of The Law of Torts, Volume 4, Section 766: "Except as stated in Section 698 [not applicable] one who, without a privilege to do so, induces or otherwise purposely causes a third person not to (a) perform a contract with another, or, (b) enter into or continue a business relation with another is liable to the other for the harm caused thereby." This statement is qualified by comment (e) thereunder, which states: "Actor's knowledge of other's expectancy. To be subject to liability 618 under the rule stated in this Section, the actor must have knowledge of the business expectancy with which he is interfering. This is true whether the expectancy is one described in Clause (a) or in Clause (b). Thus, although the actor's conduct is in fact the cause of another's failure to perform a contract, the actor does not induce or otherwise purposely cause that failure if he has no knowledge of the contract. But it is not necessary that the actor appreciate the legal significance of the facts which give rise to the contractual duty. If he knows those facts, he is subject to liability even though he is mistaken as to their legal significance and believes that there is no contract or that the contract means something other than what it is judicially held to mean." There is no evidence in the case before this Court that the appellee had knowledge of the facts creating the contract between the appellant and the Nowland heirs. The appellant further strenuously argues that the failure of Mr. McCool to testify should itself take the case to the jury. To support this contention he relies on the cases of Cueva Company v. Williams and Company, 145 Md. 526, 125 A. 849; Arthur and Boyle etc. v. Morrow Brothers, 131 Md. 59, 101 A. 777, L.R.A. 1918 A, 400; and the following quotation from the case of Macht v. Hecht Company, 191 Md. 98, at page 101, 59 A.2d 754, 755: "It is doubtless true that in the course of a trial upon the merits the court may be called upon to rule upon questions of evidence, and to apply the rules as to burden of proof in evaluating the evidence presented. `The duty to go forward may of course shift and alternate as evidence is introduced or presumption arises.'" In reference to this argument it is only necessary to say that the appellant has made out no prima facie case that the appellee had any knowledge of the $12,000.00 contract between the appellant and the Nowland heirs, nor has he presented any evidence to create such a presumption. From the evidence in this case, it appears that as the result of the offer made by Mr. Stannard to the Nowland 619 heirs, the McCool contract in the amount of $9,000.00 was rejected, without any knowledge on the part of Stannard that such a contract was in existence. It also appears that probably as a result of Mr. McCool's offer of $12,200.00, the Nowland heirs attempted to rescind the contract with Mr. Stannard. There being no evidence in this case from which the jury might reasonably have found that the appellee had knowledge of the facts which created the twelve thousand dollar contract or of the contract, entered into between the appellant and the Nowland heirs, and that knowledge being essential to a recovery of a judgment in this case, the trial judge was clearly correct in entering the judgment N.O.V. Judgment affirmed, with costs.	2023-10-16T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9701
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // helloexceptionlistwidget.cpp // ------------------- // // Copyright (c) 2009 Hugo Pereira Da Costa <hugo.pereira@free.fr> // // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy // of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to // deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the // rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or // sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is // furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: // // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in // all copies or substantial portions of the Software. // // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE // AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER // LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING // FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS // IN THE SOFTWARE. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include "helloexceptionlistwidget.h" #include "helloexceptiondialog.h" #include <KLocalizedString> #include <QMessageBox> #include <QPointer> #include <QIcon> //__________________________________________________________ namespace Hello { //__________________________________________________________ ExceptionListWidget::ExceptionListWidget( QWidget* parent ): QWidget( parent ) { // ui m_ui.setupUi( this ); // list m_ui.exceptionListView->setAllColumnsShowFocus( true ); m_ui.exceptionListView->setRootIsDecorated( false ); m_ui.exceptionListView->setSortingEnabled( false ); m_ui.exceptionListView->setModel( &model() ); m_ui.exceptionListView->sortByColumn( ExceptionModel::ColumnType ); m_ui.exceptionListView->setSizePolicy( QSizePolicy( QSizePolicy::MinimumExpanding, QSizePolicy::Ignored ) ); m_ui.moveUpButton->setIcon( QIcon::fromTheme( QStringLiteral( "arrow-up" ) ) ); m_ui.moveDownButton->setIcon( QIcon::fromTheme( QStringLiteral( "arrow-down" ) ) ); m_ui.addButton->setIcon( QIcon::fromTheme( QStringLiteral( "list-add" ) ) ); m_ui.removeButton->setIcon( QIcon::fromTheme( QStringLiteral( "list-remove" ) ) ); m_ui.editButton->setIcon( QIcon::fromTheme( QStringLiteral( "edit-rename" ) ) ); connect( m_ui.addButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(add()) ); connect( m_ui.editButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(edit()) ); connect( m_ui.removeButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(remove()) ); connect( m_ui.moveUpButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(up()) ); connect( m_ui.moveDownButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), SLOT(down()) ); connect( m_ui.exceptionListView, SIGNAL(activated(QModelIndex)), SLOT(edit()) ); connect( m_ui.exceptionListView, SIGNAL(clicked(QModelIndex)), SLOT(toggle(QModelIndex)) ); connect( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel(), SIGNAL(selectionChanged(QItemSelection,QItemSelection)), SLOT(updateButtons()) ); updateButtons(); resizeColumns(); } //__________________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::setExceptions( const InternalSettingsList& exceptions ) { model().set( exceptions ); resizeColumns(); setChanged( false ); } //__________________________________________________________ InternalSettingsList ExceptionListWidget::exceptions() { return model().get(); setChanged( false ); } //__________________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::updateButtons() { bool hasSelection( !m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->selectedRows().empty() ); m_ui.removeButton->setEnabled( hasSelection ); m_ui.editButton->setEnabled( hasSelection ); m_ui.moveUpButton->setEnabled( hasSelection && !m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->isRowSelected( 0, QModelIndex() ) ); m_ui.moveDownButton->setEnabled( hasSelection && !m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->isRowSelected( model().rowCount()-1, QModelIndex() ) ); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::add() { QPointer<ExceptionDialog> dialog = new ExceptionDialog( this ); dialog->setWindowTitle( i18n( "New Exception - Hello Settings" ) ); InternalSettingsPtr exception( new InternalSettings() ); exception->load(); dialog->setException( exception ); // run dialog and check existence if( !dialog->exec() ) { delete dialog; return; } dialog->save(); delete dialog; // check exceptions if( !checkException( exception ) ) return; // create new item model().add( exception ); setChanged( true ); // make sure item is selected QModelIndex index( model().index( exception ) ); if( index != m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->currentIndex() ) { m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->select( index, QItemSelectionModel::Clear\|QItemSelectionModel::Select\|QItemSelectionModel::Rows ); m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->setCurrentIndex( index, QItemSelectionModel::Current\|QItemSelectionModel::Rows ); } resizeColumns(); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::edit() { // retrieve selection QModelIndex current( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->currentIndex() ); if( ! model().contains( current ) ) return; InternalSettingsPtr exception( model().get( current ) ); // create dialog QPointer<ExceptionDialog> dialog( new ExceptionDialog( this ) ); dialog->setWindowTitle( i18n( "Edit Exception - Hello Settings" ) ); dialog->setException( exception ); // map dialog if( !dialog->exec() ) { delete dialog; return; } // check modifications if( !dialog->isChanged() ) return; // retrieve exception dialog->save(); delete dialog; // check new exception validity checkException( exception ); resizeColumns(); setChanged( true ); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::remove() { // confirmation dialog { QMessageBox messageBox( QMessageBox::Question, i18n("Question - Hello Settings" ), i18n("Remove selected exception?"), QMessageBox::Yes \| QMessageBox::Cancel ); messageBox.button( QMessageBox::Yes )->setText( i18n("Remove") ); messageBox.setDefaultButton( QMessageBox::Cancel ); if( messageBox.exec() == QMessageBox::Cancel ) return; } // remove model().remove( model().get( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->selectedRows() ) ); resizeColumns(); updateButtons(); setChanged( true ); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::toggle( const QModelIndex& index ) { if( !model().contains( index ) ) return; if( index.column() != ExceptionModel::ColumnEnabled ) return; // get matching exception InternalSettingsPtr exception( model().get( index ) ); exception->setEnabled( !exception->enabled() ); setChanged( true ); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::up() { InternalSettingsList selection( model().get( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->selectedRows() ) ); if( selection.empty() ) { return; } // retrieve selected indexes in list and store in model QModelIndexList selectedIndices( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->selectedRows() ); InternalSettingsList selectedExceptions( model().get( selectedIndices ) ); InternalSettingsList currentException( model().get() ); InternalSettingsList newExceptions; for( InternalSettingsList::const_iterator iter = currentException.constBegin(); iter != currentException.constEnd(); ++iter ) { // check if new list is not empty, current index is selected and last index is not. // if yes, move. if( !( newExceptions.empty() \|\| selectedIndices.indexOf( model().index( iter ) ) == -1 \|\| selectedIndices.indexOf( model().index( newExceptions.back() ) ) != -1 ) ) { InternalSettingsPtr last( newExceptions.back() ); newExceptions.removeLast(); newExceptions.append( iter ); newExceptions.append( last ); } else newExceptions.append( iter ); } model().set( newExceptions ); // restore selection m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->select( model().index( selectedExceptions.front() ), QItemSelectionModel::Clear\|QItemSelectionModel::Select\|QItemSelectionModel::Rows ); for( InternalSettingsList::const_iterator iter = selectedExceptions.constBegin(); iter != selectedExceptions.constEnd(); ++iter ) { m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->select( model().index( iter ), QItemSelectionModel::Select\|QItemSelectionModel::Rows ); } setChanged( true ); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::down() { InternalSettingsList selection( model().get( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->selectedRows() ) ); if( selection.empty() ) { return; } // retrieve selected indexes in list and store in model QModelIndexList selectedIndices( m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->selectedIndexes() ); InternalSettingsList selectedExceptions( model().get( selectedIndices ) ); InternalSettingsList currentExceptions( model().get() ); InternalSettingsList newExceptions; InternalSettingsListIterator iter( currentExceptions ); iter.toBack(); while( iter.hasPrevious() ) { InternalSettingsPtr current( iter.previous() ); // check if new list is not empty, current index is selected and last index is not. // if yes, move. if( !( newExceptions.empty() \|\| selectedIndices.indexOf( model().index( current ) ) == -1 \|\| selectedIndices.indexOf( model().index( newExceptions.front() ) ) != -1 ) ) { InternalSettingsPtr first( newExceptions.front() ); newExceptions.removeFirst(); newExceptions.prepend( current ); newExceptions.prepend( first ); } else newExceptions.prepend( current ); } model().set( newExceptions ); // restore selection m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->select( model().index( selectedExceptions.front() ), QItemSelectionModel::Clear\|QItemSelectionModel::Select\|QItemSelectionModel::Rows ); for( InternalSettingsList::const_iterator iter = selectedExceptions.constBegin(); iter != selectedExceptions.constEnd(); ++iter ) { m_ui.exceptionListView->selectionModel()->select( model().index( *iter ), QItemSelectionModel::Select\|QItemSelectionModel::Rows ); } setChanged( true ); } //_______________________________________________________ void ExceptionListWidget::resizeColumns() const { m_ui.exceptionListView->resizeColumnToContents( ExceptionModel::ColumnEnabled ); m_ui.exceptionListView->resizeColumnToContents( ExceptionModel::ColumnType ); m_ui.exceptionListView->resizeColumnToContents( ExceptionModel::ColumnRegExp ); } //_______________________________________________________ bool ExceptionListWidget::checkException( InternalSettingsPtr exception ) { while( exception->exceptionPattern().isEmpty() \|\| !QRegExp( exception->exceptionPattern() ).isValid() ) { QMessageBox::warning( this, i18n( "Warning - Hello Settings" ), i18n("Regular Expression syntax is incorrect") ); QPointer<ExceptionDialog> dialog( new ExceptionDialog( this ) ); dialog->setException( exception ); if( dialog->exec() == QDialog::Rejected ) { delete dialog; return false; } dialog->save(); delete dialog; } return true; } }	2023-08-04T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9580
This invention relates to an attachment for wind instruments, such as clarinets, which are supported mainly by the thumb and partially by the fingers, of one of the player's hands. For this purpose, clarinets, oboes, bassoons, saxophones, and the like instruments are usually provided with brackets, ordinarily called thumb rests, that project generally radially outwardly from a convenient portion of the tube of each instrument. The conventional thumb rests are quite small and, when the instrument is being held and played for extended periods of time, extreme discomfort is experienced by the musician. This is particularly true with students whose thumbs are not calloused or toughened by continuous use of the instrument.	2024-07-03T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4265
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of natural steroid hormones in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma and tissues. This study aims to provide a rapid, sensitive and precise UPLC-MS/MS method for target steroid quantitation in biological matrices. We developed and validated an UPLC-MS/MS method to simultaneously determine 16 steroids in plasma and tissue samples. Ionization sources of Electrospray Ionization (ESI) and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) were compared in this study by testing their spectrometry performances at the same chromatographic conditions, and the ESI source was found up to five times more sensitive than the APCI. Different sample preparation techniques were investigated for an optimal extraction of steroids from the biological matrices. The developed method exhibited excellent linearity for all analytes with regression coefficients higher than 0.99 in broad concentration ranges. The limit of detection (LOD) was from 0.003 to 0.1ng/mL. The method was validated according to FDA guidance and applied to determine steroids in sea lamprey plasma and tissues (fat and testes) by the developed method.	2023-09-08T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5228
Damage or disease that affects the spinal disc within an individual's spinal column may lead to neurologic impairment with possible permanent damage to the surrounding tissue. Maintaining proper anatomic spacing and lordosis within the spine is critical to ensuring continued functionality of the surrounding tissue and for the spinal column, the spinal cord and nerve roots and therefore, avoidance of long term serious neurological impairment. Typically, spinal implants that are used as a spacer type of device have a fixed overall length and are implanted without the ability to adjust the degree of expansion or curvature without using multiple insertion instrumentation. Some of the known procedures for introducing spinal implants comprise Anterior Lumbar Inter-body Fusion (“ALIF”), Lateral Lumbar Inter-body Fusion (“LLIF”), Posterior Lumbar Inter-body Fusion (“PLIF”), Oblique Lumbar Inter-body Fusion (“OLIF”), Direct Lateral Fusion (“DLIF”), Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (“TLIF”), and the like. A need remains for an expandable, adjustable spacer type of implant that allows the surgeon to insert the implant in an unexpanded position to minimize the size of the surgical incision, facilitate the operative technique and decrease patient morbidity.	2023-08-14T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2493
Do not drive into the Quarry. You will be ticketed $150 for trespassing. Climbing access is open, just park on the street. Description The left side of Slab City extends from Diagonal Direct to Pucker Power (5.12b R) on the right. This is an easily accessible portion of the Quarry with most of the routes starting from ground level and requiring little to no scrambling to reach the base. Routes here range from 5.8 to 5.12c and tend to be slabbier and less continuous than most of the Quarry routes, although exceptions do exist. Recommended routes here include the 1st pitch of Feetal Rearrangement (5.8), Mantle Marathon (5.10a), Shattered Dreams (5.10c), Peter Principle (5.11d). Getting There Once you reach the dirt road that paralles the base of the crag head left to the far left side of the crag. Plan on a 5 minute approach from parking on the street.	2024-03-07T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1646
Q: (open generic type) typeof generic type with no parameters specified Can somebody explain me the need in C# language for typeof(SomeGenericType<>), with no concrete parameters specified. I put together the following example: var t1 = typeof(Nullable<>); var t2 = typeof(Nullable<int>); var q = 1 as int?; var b1 = t1.IsInstanceOfType(q); //false var b2 = t2.IsInstanceOfType(q); //true I first thought typeof(Nullable<>) is "more generic" than t2, which specifies generic parameter int, but b1 turns out to be false - so instance of int? is not instance of Nullable<>. So how a variable should be defined for b1 to be true? what practical uses does it have? A: That's an open generic type. It's not an actual type; it is not possible to have an instance of that type. Instead, you can use it to generate a concrete (closed) generic type, such as Nullable<int>. You can also check whether a closed generic type is an instance of a particular open generic type by checking its GetGenericTypeDefinition() method. A: So how a variable should be defined for b1 to be true? It can't. (In fact, with Nullable<T> you'll run into interesting boxing problems anyway, but there we go...) At execution time, values are always instances of closed types. Nullable<>, List<> are open generic types. It's never useful to call IsInstanceOfType on such a type. That doesn't mean it's useless though. Typically open types are used in reflection. For example: public IList CreateList(Type elementType) { Type closedType = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(elementType); return (IList) Activator.CreateInstance(closedType); } There can be code high up which is generic, but calls into lower levels passing in Type values instead - the list could then go back up the stack and be cast to IEnumerable<T> for the appropriate value of T. Likewise you may want to create a closed type with reflection to call a method on it, etc. You can also use it to find out whether a particular type implements a generic interface for some type argument - for each interface implemented, you can find out if it's generic, get the generic type definition, and see whether that's equal to (say) IEnumerable<>.	2023-09-13T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6226
Jackets \| Womens Herno Iconic Sofia quilted shell jacket Black Herno’s founding ethos is based off the location of its headquarters, which lie along Lake Maggoire at the base of the Alps – the label produces clothes capable of withstanding the regional rains and winds….	2024-04-02T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9646
Q: Alfresco from sdk 2.2.0 to sdk3.0.1 Is it possible to convert an alfresco AIO project, built with sdk 2.2.0, to a new alfresco AIO project with sdk 3.0.1 The architecture is different: - sdk 2.2.0 => 6 Maven modules - sdk 3.0.1 => 3 Maven modules I know that the xxx-repo-amp /src/main/amp/config/... files (2.2.0) move to xxx-platform-jar/src/main/resources/alfresco/... folders But, for example where move the xxx-repo-amp /src/main/amp/WEB/ files ? Thank you for your help ! A: Yes, you can upgrade your project structure from SDK 2.2.0 to SDK 3.0.1. I have done this many times and I know it works. You should be able to generate a "test" project from the all-in-one template and that will help you see how to map the files. To answer your question, src/main/amp/config/alfresco goes to src/main/resources/alfresco. The web directory can go to src/main/resources/META-INF/resources OR it can go in src/main/assembly/web. Look at the README.md file that is created by default in that directory for a description of what should go in there. Be sure to take a look at compatibility to understand whether or not SDK 3.0.1 will work with your version of Alfresco.	2024-01-05T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2402
FTC Disclosure: If you make a purchase via a link on this site, I may receive a small commission. At no added cost to you! Big Dog Health Problems If you're the proud owner of a large, X-large or giant breed, there are a range of big dog health problems that you need to be aware of. Although these big guys (and gals) tend to look strong and robust, and even as puppies they're often built like tanks, it's important to realize that they're still at risk for developing some very specific health issues. I've taken a closer look at some of the most common diseases/conditions belo. Although these problems are NOT entirely exclusive to large, extra-large or giant dog breeds, many of them are most often seen in these groups. Of course small breeds have their own unique health challenges (especially when you start to look at the tiny/teacup varieties) and those at the top or bottom of the size-scale seem to fare the worst. BUT don't panic! Having an owner who is aware of the risks, and knows what to do if problems do show up, gives your big 'un the best chance at living a long, happy and healthy life. You can use these quick links to jump straight to the section/category you're interested in, or simply scroll down to read the entire article. Some of them (including Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers and 'bully breeds' such as Pitbulls) have immune systems that are especially vulnerable to the highly contagious and extremely dangerous Parvovirus. They can catch it very easily and react severely once infected. Vaccinating puppies against the most common, contagious dog diseases is important for their protection, but it's also important to be aware of the possible side effects from vaccines, and the dangers of OVER vaccination. Of course exercise is as important for your XL best friend as it is for you, but it's important not to overdo it, especially with large or giant breed puppies. This is because their bodies are growing at a phenomenal rate during the early months and bones, joints and ligaments can have trouble 'keeping up'. This can result in sprains, tears, dislocations and other orthopedic problems. It's also important tokeep large and extra-large breed puppies on the 'lean' side during this period. Excess pounds put additional strain on their growing frame and muscle structure and can also be the cause of joint damage. An overweight dog (regardless of breed size) is also at risk of heart problems, diabetes and other conditions in pretty much the same way humans are. Bigger isn't better, so never try to make your large-breed puppy grow bigger, or faster, than he is naturally inclined to do. It's a recipe for trouble! Now let's take a look at some of the more common health conditions that affect large, extra large and giant dog breeds. Bones, Joints, Muscles & Ligaments Big dogs can be surprisingly fragile when it comes to their skeletal frame! The extra size/weight, plus the rapid growth that our big dogs experience in the first year play a big role in this. Here are some of the most common orthopedic problems seen in large breed dogs.... Dysplasia, Ligament Tears & Panosteitis (Growing Pains) These include Hip and Elbow Dysplasia, which are orthopedic conditions caused by malformed or 'poorly fitting' joints. This can be a genetic problem, or caused by poor diet, jumping from height, or by exercising a growing puppy too hard/too much. One of the best ways to make sure the puppy you choose is less likely to develop hip or elbow dysplasia is to make sure that you buy from a reputable, responsible breeder whose parent dogs (and preferably grand-parents and great-grandparents too) have an OFA certification of 'Good' or 'Excellent'. This will go a long way to eliminating dysplasia that has a genetic component,. Cruciate ligament damage (usually to the back leg in the 'knee' area) are fairly common. Can happen for no apparent reason, but uneven ground, turning abruptly, or falling can all cause it. Panosteitis(often called 'Pano') is a condition caused by inflammation in the growing joints of a young or adolescent pup. It causes lameness or limping. Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (or HOD) causes swollen/painful joints (often the lower joint in the front legs), and can be triggered by several things including infection, improper diet, vaccine reactions and more. This condition can cause the joints to become malformed and your pup may 'knuckle-over' or his front legs may become bowed. A nutritionally balance diet can help to prevent many bone/joint problems. Gentle exercise, a memory foam and/or heated bed, carpeted floors or non-slip rugs/runners and elevated dog bowls can all make life more comfy for your arthritic pet. There are treatment options including medications such as Rimadyl or Derramax (by prescription from your veterinarian), or you can give him Aspirin (preferably one that is specially coated and formulated for dogs). Wobblers Syndrome Also known as Spondylolitheses, this is one of the big dog health problems which affects some extra large breed dogs, mainly Great Danes and Doberman Pinschers (although Bullmastiffs and St. Bernards, Rhodesian Ridgebacks and Borzois have been known to exhibit similar symptoms). It's also more common in males than in females. This syndrome is caused by a narrowing or malformation of the vertebrae in the dogs neck, which puts pressure on the rest of the spine. It usually appears in adolescent Great Danes, somewhere between 5 and 18 months of age, but usually shows up much later in Dobermans, at around 4 or 5 years of age. Symptoms are usually a 'wobbly' or unsteady gait, or weakness, lameness (normally in the back legs), the symptoms gradually get worse, and occasionally paralysis can occur. Treatment might include a neck brace, steroids or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. Heart Problems In Large Breeds There's a lot of strain on a big dog's heart... that large frame and weight needs a strong heart to support it. Some heart conditions in big dogs are genetic, others can be caused by illness, infection, even parasites. Even if it's not too late, heartworm treatment is long, painful and expensive. It's MUCH easier to prevent heartworm than to treat it. Giving your dog a monthly heartworm preventative is quick and easy, and could literally save his life. Other Big Dog Health Problems There are several other health conditions which occur in big dogs, but not necessarily exclusively. Dogs of any size/breed could potentially develop them too. Hypothyroidism This is a condition of the thyroid gland, where it produces too little of the hormone thyroxin. It's fairly common in some giant breed dogs and symptoms include unexplained weight gain, lethargy and skin conditions such as thinning hair, darkened skin, itching and so on. Hypothyroidism in dogs is usually treated with hormone supplementation. If you'd prefer to try the natural approach to your dogs thyroid problems, try Canine Thyro-up for Dog Hypothyroidism. This all-natural, herbal product contains no synthetic hormones, has no harmful side effects and is safe for long-term use. Bloat or Torsion This is a very serious condition and is also known as Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV). It's a condition that mostly affects large, deep-chested dog breeds including Great Danes, Greyhounds, Bullmastiffs, and St. Bernards (among others). Smaller dogs who have big/deep rib-cages are also at risk, Dachshunds are an example of these. It's a condition where the stomach fills suddenly with gas and twists into an unnatural position, basically cutting off the passages between the stomach and the esophagus and the stomach and the intestines. This is life-threatening and, unless recognized and treated quickly, is often fatal. The causes of bloat aren't fully understood, but there are some things that seem to trigger it. These include: eating too much at one sitting (especially common if the dog is fed once a day) eating too fast drinking a lot of water very quickly and indulging in vigorous exercise too soon after eating/drinking The symptoms of bloat include: excessive panting pacing or whining drooling retching or dry-heaving vomiting (although your dog may not actually bring back up any food due to the twisted stomach) a swollen or distended belly. If you notice any of these symptoms, get your dog to a veterinarian or emergency animal hospital IMMEDIATELY. For an in-depth look at Bloat (including causes, symptoms and treatment), check out this page... Dog Bloat Although they're by no means guaranteed to prevent bloat, using elevated dog bowls for your big guy's food and water can help minimize risks. This is because they make it easier for your dog to eat in a comfortable position and reduce the amount of air he swallows (a factor in triggering bloat).	2024-01-29T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5224
654 S.W.2d 367 (1983) Charles L. FRIEDMAN and Karen L. Friedman, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. EDWARD L. BAKEWELL, INC. and Nancy Bardenheier, Defendants-Respondents. No. 46148. Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, Division Two. July 5, 1983. 368 John B. Kistner, Rothman, Sokol & Adler, St. Louis, for plaintiffs-appellants. John G. Young, Jr., Ziercher, Hocker, Human, Michenfelder, Nations & Jones, Clayton, for defendants-respondents. GAERTNER, Judge. Plaintiffs appeal from an order dismissing their petition for failure to state a cause of action for tortious interference with a business expectancy. Appellant's first amended petition alleged that on April 26, 1981, appellants, through their real estate agent, made a written offer to purchase certain real property owned by Gertrude, Adele, and Jenevive Dubuque (sellers). Sellers counter offered orally through their realtor Nancy Bardenheier, agent for Edward L. Bakewell, Inc. (both respondents). Appellants accepted the sellers' oral counter offer on or about April 27. Sellers subsequently sold the property to a third party buyer. The petition further alleged that defendants-respondents induced the sellers to contract with the third party buyer, thereby intentionally interfering with a business expectancy that arose between appellants and sellers on the appellants' acceptance of sellers' oral counter offer. The petition further alleged that the respondents were motivated to interfere because of the prospect of a larger commission in a sale to the third party, who was their own client, rather than to appellants, who employed another realtor. Respondents' motion to dismiss for failure of the petition to set forth all elements required to establish a claim of tortious interference with a business expectancy was sustained by the trial court and this appeal ensued. A petition is sufficient against a motion to dismiss if its allegations invoke substantive principles of law which entitle the plaintiff to relief and if it alleges facts which inform the defendant of what the plaintiff will attempt to prove at trial. Fischer, Spuhl, Herzwurm & Associates, Inc. v. Forrest T. Jones & Co., 586 S.W.2d 310, 315 (Mo. banc 1979); Heitman v. Brown Group, Inc., 638 S.W.2d 316, 320 (Mo.App.1982). In reviewing dismissal of a petition for failure to state a claim, the appellate court will consider the facts set forth in the petition to determine the validity of the trial court's judgment. Pillow v. General American Life Insurance Co., 564 S.W.2d 276, 279 (Mo.App.1978). "The facts stated in the petition are to be taken as true, and if the facts pleaded and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, viewed most favorably from the plaintiff's vantage point, show any ground for relief, the petition may not be dismissed." Id. In determining the sufficiency of the petition to state a claim, conclusions of the pleader are not considered. Cady v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., 439 S.W.2d 483, 485 (Mo.1969). Appellants contend on appeal that their petition, when accorded a reasonable and fair intendment, properly pleads all the elements of a cause of action for tortious interference with a contract or business expectancy as set down in Fischer, Spuhl, Herzwurm & Associates, Inc. v. Forrest T. Jones & Co., 586 S.W.2d 310, 315 (Mo. banc 1979): "(1) A contract or a valid business relationship or expectancy (not necessarily a contract); 369 (2) Defendant's knowledge of the contract or relationship; (3) Intentional interference by the defendant inducing or causing a breach of the contract or relationship; (4) The absence of justification; and, (5) Damages resulting from defendant's conduct." Respondents argue, inter alia, that the petition fails to state facts which, if proved, would establish the absence of justification and that such failure is fatal. We agree. Appellants urge us to find this essential element of their purported cause of action in paragraph 10 of the amended petition. "10. Defendants Bakewell and Bardenheier were motivated to intentionally interfere with the business relationship between Plaintiffs and the Dubuques for the reason that Defendants were agents for the third party who ultimately executed a contract with the Dubuques and therefore, Defendants were able to earn both a commission for listing the property and a commission for producing a purchaser for the property. Defendants' acts as aforesaid were intentional and without justification or excuse." Obviously, the bare averment that respondents acted "without justification or excuse" is a "[m]ere conclusion of the pleader, not supported by factual allegations [and] cannot be taken as true and must be disregarded in determining whether a petition states a claim on which relief can be granted." Tolliver v. Standard Oil Co., 431 S.W.2d 159, 162 (Mo.1968). It has been definitively established in such cases as Cady v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., 439 S.W.2d 483 (Mo.1969), and Pillow v. General American Life Insurance Co., 564 S.W.2d 276 (Mo.App.1978), that one who has an economic interest in a contract cannot be held liable for inducing a breach thereof even though motivated by self interest, in the absence of pleading and proof that such self-interested purpose was accomplished by improper means. In Cady the plaintiff alleged that the defendant automobile insurer interfered without justification in a contract between plaintiff and an automobile repair company by influencing the repair company to make less than a complete repair of plaintiff's automobile. The court said that merely because the defendant insurer's liability for repairs to plaintiff's car gave it an interest in the repair contract, it did not follow that any interference by the defendant insurer in the performance of the contract was necessarily wrongful, "but in order to state a cause of action, it is necessary that facts be alleged from which it could be found that the interference was not justified." Cady v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., 439 S.W.2d at 485. The court in Cady held the pleadings conclusory, not authorizing a finding of unjustified interference by the defendant. "`Mere conclusions of the pleader not supported by the factual allegations cannot be taken as true and must be disregarded in determining whether a petition states a claim on which relief can be granted.' Tolliver v. Standard Oil Company, supra, 431 S.W.2d at p. 162; Miller v. Ste. Genevieve County, Mo., 358 S.W.2d 28, 30. When considered according to the above rules, plaintiff does not allege facts from which it could be found that defendant, who had an interest in the contract, maliciously interfered, that is, interfered without justification with the contract between plaintiff and Kincaid-Webber Motor Company." Cady v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co., 439 S.W.2d at 485-86. The court in Pillow v. General American Life Insurance Co., 564 S.W.2d 276 (Mo. App.1978), defined justification for interfering in a contract, citing Cady and Orr v. Mutual Benefit Health & Accident Assoc., 207 S.W.2d 511 (Mo.App.1947). "Orr, supra, stands for the proposition that no liability for procuring a breach of contract exists where the breach is caused by the exercise of an absolute right, that is, an act which one has a definite legal right to do without any qualification ... These cases recognize the principle of law that one who has a present, existing *370 economic interest to protect, such as a prior contract of his own or a financial interest in the affairs of the person persuaded to breach his contract with another, is privileged to prevent performance of the contract which threatens said economic interest. Prosser on Torts, Second Edition, Ch. 23, § 106, p. 737; 86 C.J.S. Torts § 44, p. 967; 45 Am.Jur.2d Interference, § 30, p. 307. See also Annotation, 84 A.L.R. pp. 83-85. However, it is not justification to knowingly procure the breach of a contract where the defendant acted with an improper purpose and sought not only to further his own interest, but in doing so employed improper means. 86 C.J.S. Torts, § 44 p. 967." Pillow v. General American Life Insurance Co., 564 S.W.2d at 281-82. Appellants have not cited and we have been unable to find any case contradicting the Cady and Pillow requirement of showing the impropriety of self-interested interference where the defendant has a legitimate interest in the contract or the business expectancy at issue. Moreover, appellants candidly concede that their oral agreement for the purchase of real estate did not rise to the level of an enforceable contract. Rather, they argue that it created a "business expectancy" which they contend, is a protectable interest. In support of their position they cite Downey v. United Weatherproofing Inc., 363 Mo. 852, 253 S.W.2d 976 (1953). Their reliance on Downey is misplaced. Downey involved a continuing business relationship rather than a single transaction and the means employed for the inducement to breach this relationship constituted false and fraudulent representations regarding the plaintiff's solvency and reliability. No similar factual allegations are contained in appellant's first amended petition. The applicable rule is succinctly stated in the Restatement of Torts Second, § 769. "One who, having a financial interest in the business of a third person intentionally causes that person not to enter into a prospective contractual relation with another, does not interfere improperly with the other's relation if he a) does not employ wrongful means and b) acts to protect his interest from being prejudiced by the relation." Having failed to allege any facts tending to show that respondents employed wrongful means in order to induce the sellers to accept the offer of another purchaser, appellant's first amended petition fails to allege an essential element of a claim for damages for tortious interference with a contract or business expectancy. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court dismissing the petition is affirmed. SNYDER, P.J., and DOWD, J., concur.	2023-09-13T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9423
/* * Copyright 2020 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. / package org.optaplanner.core.impl.score.buildin.hardmediumsoftlong; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.function.BiConsumer; import org.kie.api.definition.rule.Rule; import org.kie.api.runtime.rule.RuleContext; import org.optaplanner.core.api.domain.constraintweight.ConstraintConfiguration; import org.optaplanner.core.api.domain.constraintweight.ConstraintWeight; import org.optaplanner.core.api.score.buildin.hardmediumsoft.HardMediumSoftScore; import org.optaplanner.core.api.score.buildin.hardmediumsoftlong.HardMediumSoftLongScore; import org.optaplanner.core.api.score.buildin.hardmediumsoftlong.HardMediumSoftLongScoreHolder; import org.optaplanner.core.impl.score.holder.AbstractScoreHolder; /* * @see HardMediumSoftScore / public final class HardMediumSoftLongScoreHolderImpl extends AbstractScoreHolder<HardMediumSoftLongScore> implements HardMediumSoftLongScoreHolder { protected final Map<Rule, BiConsumer<RuleContext, Long>> matchExecutorByNumberMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); /* Slower than {@link #matchExecutorByNumberMap} / protected final Map<Rule, BiConsumer<RuleContext, HardMediumSoftLongScore>> matchExecutorByScoreMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); protected long hardScore; protected long mediumScore; protected long softScore; public HardMediumSoftLongScoreHolderImpl(boolean constraintMatchEnabled) { super(constraintMatchEnabled, HardMediumSoftLongScore.ZERO); } public long getHardScore() { return hardScore; } public long getMediumScore() { return mediumScore; } public long getSoftScore() { return softScore; } // ********************************************************************* // Setup methods // ********************************************************************** @Override public void configureConstraintWeight(Rule rule, HardMediumSoftLongScore constraintWeight) { super.configureConstraintWeight(rule, constraintWeight); BiConsumer<RuleContext, Long> matchExecutor; if (constraintWeight.equals(HardMediumSoftLongScore.ZERO)) { matchExecutor = (RuleContext kcontext, Long matchWeight) -> { }; } else if (constraintWeight.getMediumScore() == 0 && constraintWeight.getSoftScore() == 0) { matchExecutor = (RuleContext kcontext, Long matchWeight) -> addHardConstraintMatch(kcontext, constraintWeight.getHardScore() * matchWeight); } else if (constraintWeight.getHardScore() == 0 && constraintWeight.getSoftScore() == 0) { matchExecutor = (RuleContext kcontext, Long matchWeight) -> addMediumConstraintMatch(kcontext, constraintWeight.getMediumScore() * matchWeight); } else if (constraintWeight.getHardScore() == 0 && constraintWeight.getMediumScore() == 0) { matchExecutor = (RuleContext kcontext, Long matchWeight) -> addSoftConstraintMatch(kcontext, constraintWeight.getSoftScore() * matchWeight); } else { matchExecutor = (RuleContext kcontext, Long matchWeight) -> addMultiConstraintMatch(kcontext, constraintWeight.getHardScore() * matchWeight, constraintWeight.getMediumScore() * matchWeight, constraintWeight.getSoftScore() * matchWeight); } matchExecutorByNumberMap.put(rule, matchExecutor); matchExecutorByScoreMap.put(rule, (RuleContext kcontext, HardMediumSoftLongScore weightMultiplier) -> addMultiConstraintMatch(kcontext, constraintWeight.getHardScore() * weightMultiplier.getHardScore(), constraintWeight.getMediumScore() * weightMultiplier.getMediumScore(), constraintWeight.getSoftScore() * weightMultiplier.getSoftScore())); } // ********************************************************************** // Penalize and reward methods // ******************************************************************** @Override public void penalize(RuleContext kcontext) { impactScore(kcontext, -1L); } @Override public void penalize(RuleContext kcontext, long weightMultiplier) { impactScore(kcontext, -weightMultiplier); } @Override public void penalize(RuleContext kcontext, long hardWeightMultiplier, long mediumWeightMultiplier, long softWeightMultiplier) { impactScore(kcontext, -hardWeightMultiplier, -mediumWeightMultiplier, -softWeightMultiplier); } @Override public void reward(RuleContext kcontext) { impactScore(kcontext, 1L); } @Override public void reward(RuleContext kcontext, long weightMultiplier) { impactScore(kcontext, weightMultiplier); } @Override public void reward(RuleContext kcontext, long hardWeightMultiplier, long mediumWeightMultiplier, long softWeightMultiplier) { impactScore(kcontext, hardWeightMultiplier, mediumWeightMultiplier, softWeightMultiplier); } @Override public void impactScore(RuleContext kcontext) { impactScore(kcontext, 1L); } @Override public void impactScore(RuleContext kcontext, long weightMultiplier) { Rule rule = kcontext.getRule(); BiConsumer<RuleContext, Long> matchExecutor = matchExecutorByNumberMap.get(rule); if (matchExecutor == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("The DRL rule (" + rule.getPackageName() + ":" + rule.getName() + ") does not match a @" + ConstraintWeight.class.getSimpleName() + " on the @" + ConstraintConfiguration.class.getSimpleName() + " annotated class."); } matchExecutor.accept(kcontext, weightMultiplier); } private void impactScore(RuleContext kcontext, long hardWeightMultiplier, long mediumWeightMultiplier, long softWeightMultiplier) { Rule rule = kcontext.getRule(); BiConsumer<RuleContext, HardMediumSoftLongScore> matchExecutor = matchExecutorByScoreMap.get(rule); if (matchExecutor == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("The DRL rule (" + rule.getPackageName() + ":" + rule.getName() + ") does not match a @" + ConstraintWeight.class.getSimpleName() + " on the @" + ConstraintConfiguration.class.getSimpleName() + " annotated class."); } matchExecutor.accept(kcontext, HardMediumSoftLongScore.of(hardWeightMultiplier, mediumWeightMultiplier, softWeightMultiplier)); } // ******************************************************************** // Other match methods // ********************************************************************** @Override public void addHardConstraintMatch(RuleContext kcontext, long hardWeight) { hardScore += hardWeight; registerConstraintMatch(kcontext, () -> hardScore -= hardWeight, () -> HardMediumSoftLongScore.of(hardWeight, 0L, 0L)); } @Override public void addMediumConstraintMatch(RuleContext kcontext, long mediumWeight) { mediumScore += mediumWeight; registerConstraintMatch(kcontext, () -> mediumScore -= mediumWeight, () -> HardMediumSoftLongScore.of(0L, mediumWeight, 0L)); } @Override public void addSoftConstraintMatch(RuleContext kcontext, long softWeight) { softScore += softWeight; registerConstraintMatch(kcontext, () -> softScore -= softWeight, () -> HardMediumSoftLongScore.of(0L, 0L, softWeight)); } @Override public void addMultiConstraintMatch(RuleContext kcontext, long hardWeight, long mediumWeight, long softWeight) { hardScore += hardWeight; mediumScore += mediumWeight; softScore += softWeight; registerConstraintMatch(kcontext, () -> { hardScore -= hardWeight; mediumScore -= mediumWeight; softScore -= softWeight; }, () -> HardMediumSoftLongScore.of(hardWeight, mediumWeight, softWeight)); } @Override public HardMediumSoftLongScore extractScore(int initScore) { return HardMediumSoftLongScore.ofUninitialized(initScore, hardScore, mediumScore, softScore); } }	2024-02-20T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1068
There is a concept of expected value in poker which is about the expectations of wins and losses which are governed by statistics to some extent but not with an absolute certainty. Many try and understand the expected value they get from poker games and that is often termed as life EV from a more…Continue Reading… California is still looking at who will be the online poker dealer even though its neighboring state Nebraska has hosted the first online bracelet event in 2016. There are a few bills about the online poker still lying in the legislature and California is waiting for the bills to get passed as soon as possible….Continue Reading… Division of New Jersey Gaming Enforcement released the gaming revenue results and the result shows hike in revenue. The results were taken from the previous calendar year as well as December, and to the surprise Atlantic City’s casinos collectively showed an increase in revenue, this is the first time it has happened that Atlantic City’s…Continue Reading… Erwann Pecheux is a poker player from France. This player is a very sharp and an intelligent poker player. This player has very unique poker playing skills and he is also a very good and a professional poker player. This player plays the game with all of his concentration in the game only he is…Continue Reading… 888poker has started a new festival known as 888Live festivals. The start or the first event is being held in London in October this year. The total prize money is about $500,000 and more. It promises to be better and bigger than any of the live events in power that are held till date. The…Continue Reading… The friends and family members of Gloucestershire man Richard Cole are getting really worried for his benefit after he went missing in Netherlands. Cole was journeying from Copenhagen to Assen via capital city of Amsterdam. But he has not been seen or heard since 25th January, Monday, 2 a.m. GMT. The Thorbeckepleim region of the…Continue Reading…	2024-04-05T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7436
In the past there were two basically different types of skiing, one known as "downhill" and the other as "cross country" or, alternatively, "touring". Downhill skiing involves negotiating relatively steep slopes and getting up the mountain on some kind of T-bar, chair or gondola-equipped tow. Touring, on the other hand, is generally confined to flatter ground where no tow is required and the skier is free to go more or less wherever he or she wishes. While slight changes in the terrain are encountered, for the most part the hills are nowhere near as steep as found in downhill skiing even on the very easy runs. As one might expect, not only does the terrain differ but the equipment and the techniques used are quite different from one another. Downhill skiing, for the most part, requires the skier to wear very stiff, high-topped boots made of plastic rather than leather and which allow for very little ankle movement. The skis are wide, especially contoured and cambered, and steel-edged so that the turns can be "carved" even in hard-packed snow. Even the poles are shorter and oftentimes have what is known as "baskets" of different design. Racers even use crooked poles where the baskets come close together behind the back thus cutting down wind resistance. High speeds are commonplance and the equipment permits one to turn quickly and accurately on even bumpy terrain laced with so-called "moguls" carved by expert skiers following the same track and wearing away the snow to produce tracks made up of successive turns, first one way and then another. For all practical purposes, almost no energy is expended in getting from one place to another on the mountain, just in the maneuvering in between. By way of contrast, in cross country skiing, a great deal of energy is expended in getting where one wishes to go and very little in the turning, jumping and control of one's speed. The technique involves alternately pushing off with one ski and then the other with long gliding strides in between. To facilitate this gliding technique, the boots are very pliable, almost like bedroom slippers and the skis are long and quite narrow to lessen the weight and the resistance. The bindings unlike those used on downhill skis which tightly fasten the whole boot to the ski, are ones which make the connection with the ski only at the tip of the toe, usually with a set of three upstanding pins that fit into corresponding holes in the sole of the boot. The net result is that cross country skis, boots and bindings are ill-suited for downhill skiing because there is so little control that can be transferred from the foot to the ski through the minimal connection between the boot and binding so necessary for performing the proper glide over relatively level terrain. In recent years, however, an increasing number of skiers have taken to a combination of the two types of skiing where cross country skis are being used in a downhill environment. Unfortunately, for all but the most expert of the skiers, the cross country equipment ordinarily used is totally inadequate to make the turns at a much higher speed on a steep hill that becomes a simple matter for a downhill skier of even minimal skill to execute with downhill equipment. The equipment differences are such that even the technique of executing a turn is unique and cells for what is known as a "telemark" turn to be made on cross country skis where the tip of the trailing ski lies alongside the foot secured to the lead ski which is maneuvered much like a rudder. A need exists, therefore, for a better way of transferring the turning motion of the foot and ankle to the ski than is presently available without, at the same time, interfering with the forward flexibility so necessary for gliding over relatively flat terrain. Certain high-topped, but stiff-soled, flexible leather boots offer a partial solution to the control problem, however, much needs to be done in terms of a proper binding. 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel and improved binding for use with cross country skis that provides the degree of control necessary when skiing steep terrain, yet which retains the flexibility required for gliding over and even up gentle slopes found in relatively flat country. 2. Description of the Related Art The U.S. Pat. No. 4,142,734 to Bentley shows a flexible sole plate attached to the ski at the toe with no provision being made, at least in the binding itself, for the heelplate to move relative to the toe plate thus accommodating the fact that they will tend to move closer together as the heel is lifted. The Marker combination downhill and cross country binding shown in his U.S. Pat. No. 4,188,045, like that of Bentley, makes no provision for the heel connector to move relative to the toepiece when the heel is raised off the soleplate. In the cross country version of Zoor's binding shown in his Patent No. 4,134,603, there is only one transverse axis aboout which the heel lifts and it is forwardly of the toe. There is no axis of pivotal movement under the ball of the foot. Parish's U.S. Pat. No. 2,094,667, on the other hand, shows a transverse axis at the ball of the foot and none at the toe. It appears that the distance separating the heel connection and the aforementioned axis of pivotal movement remains fixed. Swensen's binding shown in his Patent No. 2,758,846 allows the skier to shift the transverse hinge axis forwardly underneath the ball of the foot for touring and back underneath the heel for downhill skiing where the boot should not raise off the ski. Once adjusted, however, the tongue interconnecting the heel and toe pieces apparently does not move thus maintaining a fixed separation therebetween. The Kubelka et al Patent No. 4,050,716 employs a specially-designed two part ski boot in which the base portion is pinned by means of a transversely-extending pair of pins to a baseplate set on the ski. When used in the cross country mode, the heel connection to the boots ankle-encircling cuff is disconnected and the boot is permitted to rock forward to a limited degree about the single axis of pivotal movement defined by these pins. It appears that the cuff can also pivot relative to the toe-engaging portion of the boot about an axis at about the skier's ankle bone thus providing a second axis of pivotal movement located behind the first but forming no part of the binding. The Loughney Patent No. 4,322,090 shows a combination downhill, cross country and so-called "alpine touring" ski binding which in the cross country or alpine touring mode functions much like that of the Zoor patent previously described in that the soleplate attached to the boot lifts and pivots about a single axis at the toe. Of all the prior art patents known to applicant, the closest would appear to be that of Hausleithner No. 4,088,342 which also shows a combination cross country and downhill binding, but one having two transverse axes of pivotal movement, one at the toe and a second in the area of the ball of the foot. The spacing between the aforementioned second axis of pivotal movement and the heelpiece, while adjustable, appears to remain fixed once adjusted to accommodate the skier's boot. No provision is made for yieldably elongating the portion of the binding between this second axis of pivotal movement and the heelpiece as the boot bends at the ball of the foot nor does it appear to be necessary in that the boot does not appear to bend in this area, but rather, be of the stiff-soled downhill type.	2024-02-28T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1292
Legislative districts of Misamis The Legislative districts of Misamis were the representations of the historical province of Misamis in the various national legislatures of the Philippines until 1931. The undivided province's representation encompassed what are now the provinces of Camiguin, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental, and the highly urbanized city of Cagayan de Oro. History Misamis was initially represented in the lower house of the Philippine Legislature through two assembly districts. When seats for the upper house of the Philippine Legislature were elected from territory-based districts between 1916 and 1935, the province formed part of the eleventh senatorial district which elected two out of the 24-member Senate. In February 1921 the enactment of Act No. 2968 or the "Artadi Law" enlarged the province of Misamis southward with the annexation of northern areas of Bukidnon: the municipal districts of Claveria and Napaliran were annexed to Balingasag and became part of the first district; the municipal district of Lourdes (also spelled Lourdez), along with areas around the middle stretches of the Iponan and Cagayan rivers, were annexed to Cagayan de Misamis and became part of the second district. Executive Order No. 74 issued on 22 August 1927 re-constituted Claveria and Lourdes into separate municipal districts, and also created two new municipal districts: Taglimao (the area in the middle reaches of the Iponan River) and Lumbia (middle reaches of the Cagayan River). On 2 November 1929 the Philippine Legislature approved Act No. 3537 which divided Misamis into two new provinces with effect on 1 January 1930. Per Section 6 of the said law the incumbent Misamis first district and second district assemblymen were to represent Misamis Oriental and Misamis Occidental respectively. The two successor provinces first elected their separate lower house representatives in the 1931 elections. 1st District (defunct) 1907–1922 Municipalities: Balingasag, Mambajao, Tagoloan, Talisayan, Gingoog (re-established 1907), Sagay (re-established 1909), </small>Catarman (re-established 1911), Salay (established 1919) 1922–1931 Municipalities: Balingasag, Catarman, Gingoog, Mambajao, Sagay, Salay, Tagoloan, Talisayan, Claveria (former municipal district of Bukidnon, annexed to Balingasag 1921; re-established as municipal district 1927), Napaliran (former municipal district of Bukidnon, annexed to Balingasag 1921), Quinoguitan (Kinogitan) (established 1929) 2nd District (defunct) 1907–1922 Municipalities: Cagayan, Initao, Jimenez, Misamis, Oroquieta, Plaridel (Langaran), Baliangao (re-established 1910), Aloran (re-established 1916), Clarin (Loculan) (re-established 1920), Tudela (established 1920) 1922–1931 Municipalities: Aloran, Baliangao, Cagayan, Clarin, Initao, Jimenez, Misamis, Oroquieta, Plaridel, Tudela, </small>Lourdes (former municipal district of Bukidnon, annexed to Cagayan 1921; re-established as municipal district 1927), Lumbia (former unorganized territory of Bukidnon, annexed to Cagayan 1921; established as separate municipal district 1927; merged with Taglimao 1930), Taglimao (former unorganized territory of Bukidnon, annexed to Cagayan 1921; established as separate municipal district 1927; annexed to Lumbia 1930), Lopez Jaena (established 1929), Tangub (Regidor) (established 1930) See also Legislative district of Misamis Occidental Legislative district of Misamis Oriental Legislative district of Camiguin Legislative districts of Cagayan de Oro References Misamis	2023-08-08T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9110
Asthenozoospermia: possible association with long-term exposure to an anti-epileptic drug of carbamazepine. Little attention has been paid to infertility in men with epilepsy and little information exists about the mechanisms by which anti-epileptic drugs affect spermatogenesis or sperm function. We report a case of a male infertility patient with asthenozoospermia during long-term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. A 29-year-old man had continued treatment with anti-epileptic drugs under the diagnosis of epilepsy for 13 years. He and his wife had been examined and treated as an infertile couple for 3 years. The patient was found to have no motile sperm with a normal sperm count, while taking a dose of 400 mg/day of carbamazepine. On suspicion of an adverse effect of carbamazepine, he was switched to phenytoin monotherapy. One month after that, sperm motility was vastly improved (65%) and they conceived a child 5 months after that. One must be cautious in extrapolating from a case report, but these findings strongly suggest a direct effect of carbamazepine on spermatic function.	2024-04-14T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8906
Q: Phoenix render json with join and preloaded data I want to render json with two models (Event and Activity) related across foreign_key. In controller, I execute this query: def all_nested(conn, %{"event_id" => id}) do event = Repo.get! nested_all_query, id render(conn, "show_all.json", event: event) end defp nested_all_query do from event in Event, left_join: activities in assoc(event, :activities), preload: [activities: activities] end When I try that query on iex console, the query return correct results and it have an "activities" array of Activity inside. Then, when render, I have this code on view: def render("show_all.json", %{event: event}) do render_one(event, Project.EventView, "event_all.json") end def render("event.json", %{event: event}) do %{id: event.id, name: event.name, description: event.description, num_participants: event.num_participants, minimum_age: event.minimum_age, price: event.price, date_start: event.date_start, date_end: event.date_end, reg_date_open: event.reg_date_open, reg_date_close: event.reg_date_close, rules: event.rules} end def render("event_all.json", %{event: event}) do render("event.json", %{event: event}) \|> Map.put_new(:activities, render_many(event.activities, Project.ActivityView, "activity.json")) end I call render_many for activities to get json rendered from ActivityView render action (individually, this action works fine). With this code, I have this error: [error] #PID<0.575.0> running Project.Endpoint terminated Server: localhost:4000 (http) Request: GET /api/events/1/all (exit) an exception was raised: (Poison.EncodeError) unable to encode value: {nil, "activities"} (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:354: Poison.Encoder.Any.encode/2 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:213: anonymous fn/4 in Poison.Encoder.Map.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:214: Poison.Encoder.Map."-encode/3-lists^foldl/2-0-"/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:214: Poison.Encoder.Map.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:213: anonymous fn/4 in Poison.Encoder.Map.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:214: Poison.Encoder.Map."-encode/3-lists^foldl/2-0-"/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:214: Poison.Encoder.Map.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:232: anonymous fn/3 in Poison.Encoder.List.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:233: Poison.Encoder.List."-encode/3-lists^foldr/2-1-"/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:233: Poison.Encoder.List.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:213: anonymous fn/4 in Poison.Encoder.Map.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:214: Poison.Encoder.Map."-encode/3-lists^foldl/2-0-"/3 (poison) lib/poison/encoder.ex:214: Poison.Encoder.Map.encode/3 (poison) lib/poison.ex:41: Poison.encode!/2 (phoenix) lib/phoenix/controller.ex:642: Phoenix.Controller.do_render/4 (project) web/controllers/event_controller.ex:1: Project.EventController.action/2 (project) web/controllers/event_controller.ex:1: Project.EventController.phoenix_controller_pipeline/2 (project) lib/project/endpoint.ex:1: Project.Endpoint.instrument/4 (project) lib/phoenix/router.ex:261: Project.Router.dispatch/2 (project) web/router.ex:1: Project.Router.do_call/2 What am I doing wrong? Best regards A: Solved adding as: :activity to render_many like this: def render("event_all.json", %{event: event}) do render("event.json", %{event: event}) \|> Map.put_new(:activities, render_many(event.activities, Project.ActivityView, "activity.json", as: :activity)) end	2024-06-05T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1199
To evaluate the effects of using super absorbent and irrigation regimes on seed yield and yield components of maize cultivars a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was performed at the Research Field of Malekan Islamic Azad University. Main factor consisted of three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 70, 110 and 150 mm evaporation from pan) and subfactor of two levels of super absorbent applications (application and without application) and three maize cultivars (704, Iranian maxima and overseas maxima). Based on the results obtained it was revealed that highest seed yield (985 g/m2) belonged to the plants irrigated after 70 mm evaporation from the pan without using super absorbent. Irrigation after evaporation of 150 mm from the pan decreased both seed numbers per plant and 100 seed weight, and seed yield loss amounted to be 46.1% as compared with irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from the pan. Without using super absorbent and irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from the pan decreased seed number per ear by 38.8% and 100 seed weight by 13.8%. However, application of super absorbent and irrigation of plants after 150 mm evaporation from the pan increased by grain yield 38% as compared with out using super absorbent. There were not significant difference between cultivars for seed yield and yield components. It could be concluded that application of super absorbent under water shortage conditions may reduce crop yield losses.	2023-08-13T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6804
COSINE 32mm Alloy Clincher Road Wheelset is rated 4.3 out of 5 by 32 . Rated 5 out of 5 by Wells458 from Superb wheelset! I pondered for ages wondering to buy these wheels as a replacement for my stock Bontrager wheels on my Trek. I have to say these wheels are so light and stiff it's incredible! Forget any illusions that these are training wheels they are very fast and top quality and lighter than some carbon wheels. I was going to buy some Fulcrum Racing Quattro wheels, but I am so pleased i didn't and these are 300 grams lighter as well. Rated 5 out of 5 by Jims69 from Best bang for the buck. Nice looking wheelset. Shaved nearly 1lb replacing my Mavic Aksium Races. I can definitely feel the difference when sprinting up to speed. These are probably the best bang for the buck aluminum clinchers around. Rated 3 out of 5 by Clyde3 from Good value I was attracted to this wheel set because of the low weight and also low price, out of the box I noticed the back wheel had a bad buckle which I had to sort before using not ideal at all, two rides in they are plenty stiff and strong so I'm happy enough so far with my purchase, I have owned mavic kysriums and fulcrum 3's in the past and although these perhaps don't have the big brand appeal or glossy adverts I think these are equal in performance	2024-07-08T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/3167
Forget Christmas. The most wonderful time of the year is now. Spring training is in full swing and we’re barreling towards the earliest opening day in MLB history. With games in Japan starting on March 20th, there’s a real possibility you’re preparing for your earliest fantasy baseball draft ever. Our Draft Wizard, Mobile Apps, Consensus Projections and Expert Rankings are here to help you dominate without having to live and breathe Baseball for the next few weeks (You can still do that, of course, if you’re like us and that’s just your idea of a good time). With so much information available, it’s important to know who to listen to. To help with this, we analyzed the 2018 draft rankings of the top fantasy baseball experts to determine who delivered the most accurate advice. A few notes before we get to the standings: Rankings and accuracy are based on a standard 5×5 Roto league. Accuracy is determined by comparing the expert’s ranking for each player to where that player finished for the season. Ratings are determined by position and then combined to give an overall score. A VORP system (Value Over Replacement Player) is used to give more weight to higher-ranked players – Missing by 20 rank spots is worse when it’s rank 1 vs rank 21 than when it’s rank 80 vs rank 100. You can view the full methodology here. 57 experts were rated for 2018. Without further ado, below are the experts with the top MLB draft rankings for 2018. The full standings are available here. Overall Expert Accuracy Standings See the full field of experts (57 total) \| Combine top experts into consensus rankings Congratulations are in order for Nick Mariano from Rotoballer, who took home the title with Adam Ronis and Frank Stampfl just barely behind him. Nick finished in the top 5 for the three most productive offensive positions: 1st basemen, 3rd basemen and outfielders. He also finished in the top 5 for relief pitchers. Nick was joined by Ronis as the only experts to post top-5 finishes at four different positions, and as two of only four experts to post a top-5 finish at both a hitting and a pitching position. The name of the game for Nick was consistency. Out of 25 third basemen, there was only one player (Maikel Franco) for whom ECR was more accurate than Nick. Even in that case, Nick was only worse by a single rank spot. For first basemen, only 4/28 (14%) players were ranked better by the consensus, and two of them were within one rank. In fact, Nick outperformed the consensus in all but two positions (2B and SP), where he was essentially tied. Even with his consistency, Nick still had a handful of hot takes that made him look like a genius. His biggest hit was reliever Kirby Yates, who was promoted to the Padres’ closing job after Brad Hand was traded. The consensus had Yates outside the top 100 relievers, while Nick ranked him a whopping 44 spots higher. Nick was also one of the highest-ranking experts for breakout pitcher Kyle Freeland (+40 vs consensus) and Mike Fiers (+32 vs consensus). Both were ranked so low by the Consensus as to be undraftable, while Nick ranked them high enough to be on the radar. His other hits included Patrick Corbin (+24 vs consensus), Jose Martinez (+23), Jhoulys Chacin (+20), Sean Manaea (+19) and Brian Anderson (+12). Congratulations are also due to Adam Ronis of ScoutFantasySports and Frank Stampfl from RotoExperts. Adam was the #1 expert for both 3B and SS and trailed Nick by just a single VORP error point (For context, the top 10 experts all had VORP errors between 900 and 950. For more detail, see our full methodology). Adam was the only other expert to post top-5 finishes at four different positions. Frank was less than 1 VORP point behind Adam and was the only expert to finish in the top 5 at 3 positions (C, 1B and OF). You can see the full standings for all 57 experts here. Top Experts By Position We’d also like to highlight experts who nailed a single position even if they didn’t finish in the top 10 for overall accuracy, or didn’t qualify for the overall accuracy due to not having rankings at every position. Breakout Players Another fun exercise is the find the players who exceeded expectations the most, and highlight the experts who saw it coming (or in some cases, just gave them a chance). Here’s a list of the players who finished the furthest above the consensus rank, and the expert who ranked them best. — That wraps up our analysis of 2018’s expert draft rankings. Congratulations again to Nick Mariano and the rest of the top experts! Lastly, be sure to follow us on Twitter and Facebook to stay on top of our latest updates and advice. We have plenty in store leading up to and during the baseball season. Stay tuned! Draft Wizard: Mock in minutes vs. the most accurate experts >>	2024-05-26T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8453
411 S.W.2d 723 (1967) Johnny PASSMORE, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee. No. 40112. Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas. March 1, 1967. 724 Joseph H. Pool, Amarillo, for appellant. William Hunter, Dist. Atty., Dalhart, and Leon B. Douglas, State's Atty., Austin, for the State. OPINION WOODLEY, Presiding Judge. The offense is receiving and concealing stolen property; the punishment, 2 years. The indictment alleged that appellant did unlawfully and fraudulently receive from Ned H. Coffee and did fraudulently conceal certain corporeal personal property, to-wit: "4 tires and wheels and 4 batteries," the same being the property of Carl Griffith and being of the value of $400.00, knowing same to have been stolen. The sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the conviction was challenged in the trial court by appellant's brief. The only evidence as to the value of the property is that shown by the following testimony of the owner, Carl Griffith: "Q. Now, did you give Ned Coffee or anyone else permission to take any of these items of property? "A. I did not. "Q. Mr. Griffith, at the time, were you familiar with the value of these items that you have described? "A. Yes, sir. "Q. And would those items have had an aggregate value of more than Four Hundred Dollars? "A. Yes, sir." Under the court's charge the jury was not authorized to find appellant guilty unless they found beyond a reasonable doubt that he received from Ned H. Coffee "four tires and wheels and four batteries as alleged in the indictment," and that said property "was then and there of the value of $400.00." This charge was consistent with the rule that, if the indictment alleges the aggregate value and not the value of each article, and the property is not necessarily of uniform value, the proof must 725 show a theft of all the property so alleged. 5 Branch's Ann.P.C.2d Ed. p. 121, Sec. 2674, and cases cited. There is ample evidence that Coffee stole the property described in the indictment and brought it to the wrecking yard of appellant, where he was employed. There is no evidence to sustain a finding that appellant received from Coffee all such property. The state urges that appellant was shown to have received the four tires which were found on his truck, and that the receipt of the whole of the property stolen at the same time may be inferred from his possession of the tires. In overruling a similar contention this Court, in Murphy v. State, 130 Tex.Cr. R. 610, 95 S.W.2d 133, said: "The possession of recently stolen property or a part thereof will justify the conclusion that the possessor thereof committed the offense of theft, but does not justify the conclusion that he fraudulently received the stolen property knowing that it was stolen and thereafter concealed it. The unexplained possession of the motor, which was a part of the recently stolen property, alone might justify the conclusion that appellant stole the car, but would not justify the conclusion that he fraudulently received and concealed it. See Marquez v. State, 126 Tex.Cr.R. 132, 70 S.W.2d 426." (Emphasis supplied.) In Hodges v. State, 143 Tex.Cr.R. 573, 160 S.W.2d 262, and Robinson v. State, 141 Tex.Cr.R. 380, 148 S.W.2d 1115, cited by the state, accomplice witnesses testified that all of the stolen property was delivered to or received by the defendant. In Kluting v. State, 90 Tex.Cr.R. 44, 232 S.W. 305, cited by the state, receipt of all of the property described in the indictment for receiving stolen property was proved, and though this is not disclosed by the opinion, the value of each pair of hosiery and each box of hosiery, as well as the aggregate value of the stolen property was alleged in the indictment. We have grave doubt as to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a finding that appellant received from Coffee the batteries and wheels that were found in his wrecking yard, to which Coffee had access as his employee. Be this as it may, there is no evidence that appellant received all of the property described in the indictment as being of the aggregate value of $400.00, there being affirmative evidence that one of the stolen wheels was not found on appellant's premises or in his possession. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.	2024-05-08T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6442
Following a national search, Kent State University has selected Karen B. Clarke as its senior vice president for strategic communications and external affairs. Clarke comes to Kent State from Temple University in Philadelphia, where she has served as vice president for strategic marketing and communications. Last year, the American Marketing Association named Clarke its “National Higher Education Visionary Leader in Marketing.” She joins Kent State on Jan. 3, 2017. Clarke will report directly to Kent State President Beverly Warren and will serve on the President’s Cabinet as a member of the university’s senior leadership team. Clarke will lead a division of approximately 85 staff and has responsibility for systemwide communications and marketing, corporate and professional development, and Kent State’s award-winning public radio station, WKSU. She also will collaborate closely with members of the External Relations and Development Committee of the Kent State University Board of Trustees. Clarke’s leadership will be instrumental in achieving the vision and priorities of the university’s six-year plan, A Strategic Roadmap to a Distinctive Kent State. “Karen has an impressive track record of helping large public universities increase their impact, raise their profile and stand out with distinction,” Warren said. “I’ve come to know and respect Karen as a strategic thinker and inspiring leader who can help us execute our Strategic Roadmap and take Kent State to bold, new heights.” Clarke has more than 30 years of experience as a journalist, marketing strategist and communications leader, including senior roles at Temple University, the University of Houston and the University of South Florida. Clarke is known for bringing a rigorous, research-based approach to communications and marketing campaigns to drive measurable results. “As a first-generation college student, I have a deeply-rooted passion for helping students transform their lives through higher education,” Clarke said. “Kent State has impressed me on so many levels. I’m eager to help this university receive well-deserved national recognition for its top-notch academic achievements and research programs.” At Temple, Clarke launched the university’s first comprehensive brand strategy, which increased alumni membership and engagement, yielded three consecutive years of record-breaking philanthropic giving and supported an advocacy campaign resulting in an unparalleled increase in state funding. She introduced a proactive media relations strategy that increased positive front-page newspaper stories, magazine placements and national news about the university’s top priorities. She led a team that developed an innovative enrollment strategy for millennials using new media that resulted in 485 new enrollees from a single campaign. During Clarke’s tenure at Temple, the university has risen to the top tier of public research universities ranked by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, surged 11 spots over four years in U.S. News & World Report rankings, achieved record-breaking philanthropic and alumni support, and developed a reputation for accountability, transparency and laser focus on strategic goals and tangible progress. “I am proud to support President Warren’s ambitious leadership agenda to put students first at one of the country’s largest and most dynamic university systems,” Clarke said. A native of Florida, Clarke earned a Bachelor of Science degree in journalism and Spanish at the University of Florida and will soon complete a master’s degree in higher education administration from the University of Houston. She is a member of the American Marketing Association, the Public Relations Society of America’s Counselors to Higher Education, and Sigma Delta Chi Society of Professional Journalists. She also serves as a mentor to student members of the Public Relations Society of America. The events of May 4, 1970, placed Kent State University in an international spotlight after a student protest against the Vietnam War and the presence of the Ohio National Guard ended in tragedy with four students losing their lives and nine others being wounded. From a perspecti... Haithem Zourrig, Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship at Kent State University at Stark, presented The Influence of Country Image and Consumer Animosity on Chinese and South Korean Consumers Responses to U.S. and Japanese Brands at the Society for Marketing Advances meeti...	2024-07-15T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4765
Last week, the Miami Heat defeated the San Antonio Spurs 105-100 in a nationally televised game that people argued over more than they watched. It spawned one of those temporary controversies we need in order to sustain a 24-hour news cycle: Spurs coach Gregg Popovich elected to not dress four of his best players (Tim Duncan, Tony Parker, Manu Ginobili, and Danny Green) so that they could rest their legs at the end of a four-game, five-night road trip. This outraged NBA commissioner David Stern, who fined the club $250,000 for committing a “disservice to the league and our fans.” The initial debate was straightforward: Is it acceptable for the commissioner to penalize a coach for not playing the players fans want to see? People and pundits were split. And once that split occurred, a bunch of not-so-meaningful mini-arguments were forwarded within the court of public opinion. These smaller, less important debates focused on the following: 1. Should it matter that Popovich is the most respected coach in the league (and therefore warrants special treatment)? 2. Would it have made a difference if the Spurs had still won the game (which they almost did)? 3. Is the NBA schedule too taxing? 4. Is Stern unnecessarily draconian? 5. Was Popovich consciously trying to poke the bear? 6. Would this have been less problematic if Popovich had warned the league of his decision in advance? 7. Did ticket buyers in Miami deserve a refund? 8. What responsibility does Popovich have to TNT (the network that broadcast the game and potentially lost viewers because of who wasn’t playing)? 9. How is this different from teams who tank games at the end of the year in order to qualify for the draft lottery? I would respond to those nine questions with the following nine answers: “Sort of,” “yes,” “not really,” “usually,” “yes,” “no,” “no,” “more than most people realize,” and “not at all.” But these mini-questions were not what’s interesting about this problem. In fact, I suspect those minor issues were mostly being analyzed as a way to avoid the deeper question this conflict demands, simply because the answer is too big to reasonably confront. The question is this: What are we really doing here? Now, I don’t mean, “What are we really doing here on Earth?” What I’m asking is, “When a dilapidated version of the Spurs plays the Heat in late November, what is actually at stake?” I’m wondering about the central purpose of pro sports, and how much of that purpose is directly tied to entertainment. It’s a complicated question that keeps folding back upon itself: In order for a Spurs-Heat game to be entertaining, it has to be competitive; in order for the game to be competitive, the outcome has to matter; in order for a regular-season game in November to mean anything, the outcome of the NBA title has to mean a lot. And if we’re going to accept the premise that the outcome of the NBA Finals is authentically important (and that who wins the title truly matters), then this whole experience needs to be more than casual entertainment. Popovich is a beloved, admired coach who appears actively unconcerned with the entertainment requirements of basketball (which is how most serious fans would insist they want him to behave). He’s exclusively concerned with real competition over the long term, particularly in the month of June; everything else is a distraction. Stern’s essential rebuttal is that pro basketball only exists because pro basketball is fun to watch (and if you ignore its entertainment import, the rest of this will all disappear). He’s concerned with short-term competition on a night-to-night basis, which translates into an entertaining product overall. That dissonance between Popovich and Stern is what forces my question. If what makes sports entertaining is the degree to which the games matter, should we value competition above all other factors, even if doing so occasionally makes things less entertaining? Because that’s what happened in Miami. On Sundays I watch NFL RedZone, so I miss all the commercials. But when I watch the college game on Saturdays, I see about 200 of them on a loop, one of which is always this one: This AT&T commercial never ceases to disturb me (which, I will grant, is mostly my own fault). We see a high school football player involved with a marginally crazy play during practice, captured on the phone of an anonymous peer who likes to invent unoriginal catchphrases. The footage goes viral and the player becomes famous — so famous that he gets recruited by Oklahoma football coach Bob Stoops, apparently because Stoops needs more undersize tailbacks who can flip 360 degrees and continue downfield. It’s a modern concept, informed by modern values. It has nothing to do with the experience of competition. It’s not like the kid wins the city championship and is able to re-experience that victory through his parents’ smartphone; it’s a celebrity-driven narrative that suggests technology has the power to make a player nationally famous from one moment that didn’t even happen in a real game (which, of course, is true). It’s the new way to dream about sports. I hate this commercial. It’s glib and insidious. However, I only hate it because it’s fiction. I hate that someone at AT&T figured out a way to monetize the fact that high school football players care more about themselves than they care about football (which has probably always been the case, truth be told). And here’s what’s really stupid: I wouldn’t hate it if it happened in reality. If a real kid got a scholarship to Oklahoma because of this kind of scenario, I would be charmed. Anytime a real athlete’s individual performance outshines the unsophisticated concept of winning or losing, I inevitably love it. His or her motives are almost an afterthought. I only find it troubling when the scenario is fake. Fiction is always more real to me. Just before Thanksgiving, a Division III basketball player for Grinnell College scored 138 points in one game. The player, Jack Taylor, went 52-of-108 from the field; the rest of his team spent the entire game relentlessly feeding him the ball so that he could launch trey after trey after trey (their next-highest scorer had 13 points). Grinnell uses a “system” where they full-court press the whole game and concede layups if the press is broken (a player for Grinnell’s opponent that night, Faith Baptist Bible College, had 70 points himself). When I read about this game the next day, I was ecstatic. I’ve often wondered how many points a basketball player could score if that was the only goal, and this is the closest we’ve come; the fact that Taylor shot only 48 percent from the floor makes me think the real number is closer to 175. I didn’t see any downside to this event, mostly because (a) it occurred in a game that meant almost nothing, and (b) the statistical absurdity of the total kept the accomplishment from seeming more important than it was. It was totally fascinating, but nothing more. Personally, I’d be happy if this became a trend in the low end of Division III basketball. I’d like to see a space race to 200 points. My reaction, however, was not universally shared. Almost every major news report about this game was tinged with mild distaste: It was cheap, it was galling, it was a gimmick to get on SportsCenter, etc. Now, I disagree with those reactions. I don’t see why it would have been better for Grinnell and Faith Baptist to play a 54-51 game that would be totally lost to history. I wouldn’t want every basketball game to be like this, but that’s not a real risk. It strikes me as rather stupid to be upset that some random kid scored 138 points in a basketball game that no one would have known about otherwise. It was a cool explosion. But then I thought about this performance is a different way: What if this game had been an AT&T commercial? What if I saw a commercial in which a basketball team sacrificed every traditional, competitive impulse so that one kid could score every single point, and this was celebrated as a brilliant way to demonstrate the power of a 4G network? I’m sure I would hate it. And I would hate it because it would force me to consider what I’m supposed to like about sports, as opposed to just watching the games and feeling good. Perhaps you think this is an imaginary problem. Perhaps you say, “Just don’t worry about it and the problem will disappear.” Maybe so. But the conflict keeps coming up in weird ways. The most consistent trouble spot involves the rise of advanced statistics, and specifically how much we need to care about them. Right now, in pro football, there is strong statistical evidence that insists teams should punt less on fourth down (even if it’s fourth-and-4 and they’re at midfield). Some of the logic behind this theory is irrefutable and some is harder to accept. But if you’re one who believes that this axiom must be embraced for its mathematical veracity, it probably means the reason you’re watching football is because you really care about the outcome. That’s why you’re watching the game. It means you believe offensive and defensive coordinators should make all their decisions based on rational probability, almost like they’re simulating the game on a computer (and if they make these same rational decisions 10,000 times, they will succeed more often than they fail, which should be the ultimate goal). It means you believe that the most important thing about a football game is who wins and who loses, which is fine. Except that it makes the whole endeavor vaguely pointless and a little sad. For sports to matter at all, they have to matter more than that; they have to offer more cultural weight than merely deciding if Team A is better than Team B. If they don’t, we’re collectively making a terrible investment of our time, money, and emotion. This is why the recent Spurs-Heat situation mattered — it raises real questions over what we’re supposed to care about when we watch 30-year-old millionaires participating in a schoolyard game with made-up rules. What matters is not the outcome of Miami–San Antonio, but how important that outcome was to begin with. So within this debacle, who was justified? Who was on the right side? My natural, non-thinking inclination is to side with Gregg Popovich. It seems like a head coach should have autonomy over how he runs his team; if Popovich believes the Spurs’ likelihood of winning an NBA title is better served by resting Duncan and Ginobili in November, I believe he’s probably right. I am emotionally motivated to side with him, because his position makes it seem like sports are more important than the people watching them on TV (which is what I want to feel). Yet — in my head — I know that David Stern is right. There was a period in my life when I thought Stern was a genius, and then another period when I thought he was hurting basketball more than he was helping it. I suspect he’d be a terrible person to work for, or with. But now that he’s a year from retirement, I’ve come to realize his primary achievement represents the most important thing any sports commissioner can do — he always made it clear that someone was in charge. His edicts are sometimes infuriating, but they’re always enforced for the same motive. He always sees the biggest possible picture. Stern holds an inflexible vision of how the NBA should operate, and he’s never wavered. And though he would (probably) never admit this directly, his vision of how the league should exist can be understood through his fining of the Spurs for insubordination: The NBA will always provide the illusion of competitiveness, which fans will unconsciously accept as viable entertainment. If you turn on an NBA game, you will see the game you expect (and will be able to pretend that it’s exactly the game you desire). You will get what you think you want, and any question over what that should (or should not) be will not factor into the equation. And if it does, somebody will get fined $250,000. So that’s what’s really going on here.	2024-05-29T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4750
Lightning 4, Capitals 3, SO Associated Press WASHINGTON (AP) - Now the Tampa Bay Lightning know what it's like to win a shootout. Dan Boyle scored twice and Vaclav Prospal's shootout winner gave the Lightning a 4-3 victory over the Washington Capitals on Wednesday night. The victory was the first in four shootouts for the defending Stanley Cup champions. The Lightning overcame a 3-0 deficit to win for the first time in 13 attempts in Washington. Tampa Bay already lost a pair of 3-2 shootouts in the nation's capital this season. "We wouldn't have been too happy leaving this building again with another shootout loss," Brad Richards said. Prospal was the fifth Lightning player to test goalie Olaf Kolzig in the shootout, won 2-1 by Tampa Bay. Richards also beat Kolzig in the first round. Alexander Ovechkin scored for the Capitals in the shootout, but Lightning goalie John Grahame stopped the next four shooters. "We're playing some of our best hockey of the year," Lightning coach John Tortorella said. "It's the type of hockey we need to play - puck control, forechecking and pinching." Washington's Matt Pettinger scored on a second-period penalty shot, then hit the crossbar in overtime. Pettinger's penalty shot was the first of his NHL career and the first for the Capitals since Dec. 11, 2003, when Dainius Zubrus scored on Boston's Andrew Raycroft. The teams met for the third time this season, including their second faceoff in eight days. The home team had won each previous game, including the two shootout victories by the Capitals. Boyle's second goal of the game and ninth of the season tied it 3-all at 5:45 of the third period. "They didn't give in," Tortorella said. "They just kept on pushing forward. The thing I liked about it, they didn't try to do too much as individuals to get back in it. They stayed within the team concept." After taking a 3-2 lead into the third period, the Capitals managed only three shots in the third and just one in the 5-minute overtime. Kolzig stopped two shots on Tampa Bay's power play in the final 1:29 of regulation, but he was upset the Lightning's second goal was allowed and teammate Brian Willsie had an apparent goal nullified in the third period. "The goal they allowed for them, the puck was under me," Kolzig said. "We had a goal disallowed when it was in front of Grahame and we're whacking at it. He did not freeze it. It was still alive. I don't know what they're blowing the whistle for. That's a two-goal swing." The Capitals took a 3-0 lead in the first minute of the second period. Pettinger scored on a penalty shot 26 seconds in after being tackled from behind by Pavel Kubina on a breakaway. Only 13 seconds later, Brian Sutherby's fifth goal of the season made it 3-0. Matt Bradley assisted on the play. "We blew a 3-0 lead but we did a good job once it was 3-3, killing off a couple penalties," Washington's Jeff Halpern said. "We had our chance in the overtime and in the shootout to put it away, but to be up 3-0 and lose is the most disappointing thing." Boyle scored the Lightning's first goal off assists by Fredrik Modin and Martin St. Louis at 3:58 of the second. Rob Dimaio pulled Tampa Bay to 3-2 at 12:25 of the second. Kolzig smothered the puck in front, but Nolan Pratt knocked it loose and Dimaio stuffed it home for his first goal of the season. Prospal also got an assist. The Capitals led 1-0 after the first period on a power-play goal by Andrew Cassels at 13:39. Ovechkin and Halpern assisted on Cassels' third goal of the season. Notes: In a pregame ceremony, Cassels was honored for becoming the 204th player in NHL history to play in 1,000 career games. He reached the milestone Tuesday night in Pittsburgh, where he joined Phil Housley, Dale Hunter, Calle Johansson, Kelly Miller and Adam Oates as the sixth player to accomplish the feat while wearing a Capitals sweater. ... Both clubs played Tuesday night in Pennsylvania. The Lightning won 4-2 at Philadelphia while the Capitals dropped a 5-4 decision in Pittsburgh. ... Ovechkin had an assist for the third time in four games. He leads the Capitals with 23 points in 22 games.	2024-02-02T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8033
Bittrex Global cryptocurrency exchange has recently announced its move to list IOTA’s native token MIOTA on its trading platform. According to the update, the digital currency will be available on the trading platform starting from 30th January 2020, at 6 pm UTC /7 pm CET, January 31, 3 am KST time. IOTA has also reacted to this new development via its official tweeter handle, as it sees the upcoming listing as a big means to expand the reach of the digital token MIOTA, which will also broaden the accessibility of the IOTA economy. IOTA shared this, “We are excited to announce that Bittrex Global has included IOTA in its family of digital assets! It’s another important step towards broader access of the IOTA economy with our token.” We are excited to announce that @BittrexGlobal has included #IOTA in its family of digital assets! It’s another important step towards broader access of the IOTA economy with our token. Details at https://t.co/jZHehJd9rq#Bittrex https://t.co/BbJ5Zl2QLG — IOTA (@iotatoken) January 29, 2020 The Head of Financial Relations at IOTA Foundation, Dan Simerman, also showcased his excitement regarding the upcoming listing of IOTA (MIOTA) on the Bittrex exchange. He shared that the listing is a great sign of progress, which shows the success of IOTA’s updated HUB in giving organizations the easier means to engage with the digital token MIOTA. He said, “It’s great to see steady progress! Our updated HUB tool is now making it easier than ever for organizations to engage with the IOTA token for custody, exchanges, or asset management. Good work Bittrex.	2024-01-27T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9342
# The package naming convention is <core_name>_xmdf package provide fifo_4k_2clk_xmdf 1.0 # This includes some utilities that support common XMDF operations package require utilities_xmdf # Define a namespace for this package. The name of the name space # is <core_name>_xmdf namespace eval ::fifo_4k_2clk_xmdf { # Use this to define any statics } # Function called by client to rebuild the params and port arrays # Optional when the use context does not require the param or ports # arrays to be available. proc ::fifo_4k_2clk_xmdf::xmdfInit { instance } { # Variable containing name of library into which module is compiled # Recommendation: <module_name> # Required utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance Module Attributes Name fifo_4k_2clk } # ::fifo_4k_2clk_xmdf::xmdfInit # Function called by client to fill in all the xmdf* data variables # based on the current settings of the parameters proc ::fifo_4k_2clk_xmdf::xmdfApplyParams { instance } { set fcount 0 # Array containing libraries that are assumed to exist # Examples include unisim and xilinxcorelib # Optional # In this example, we assume that the unisim library will # be available to the simulation and synthesis tool utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type logical_library utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount logical_library unisim incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/doc/fifo_generator_v9_3_readme.txt utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/doc/fifo_generator_v9_3_vinfo.html utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/doc/pg057-fifo-generator.pdf utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/example_design/fifo_4k_2clk_exdes.ucf utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/example_design/fifo_4k_2clk_exdes.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/fifo_generator_v9_3_readme.txt utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/implement.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/implement.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/implement_synplify.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/implement_synplify.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/planAhead_ise.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/planAhead_ise.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/planAhead_ise.tcl utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/xst.prj utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/implement/xst.scr utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_dgen.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_dverif.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_pctrl.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_pkg.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_rng.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_synth.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/fifo_4k_2clk_tb.vhd utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_isim.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_isim.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_mti.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_mti.do utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_mti.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_ncsim.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/simulate_vcs.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/ucli_commands.key utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/vcs_session.tcl utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/wave_isim.tcl utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/wave_mti.do utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/functional/wave_ncsim.sv utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_isim.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_isim.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_mti.bat utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_mti.do utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_mti.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_ncsim.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/simulate_vcs.sh utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/ucli_commands.key utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/vcs_session.tcl utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/wave_isim.tcl utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/wave_mti.do utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk/simulation/timing/wave_ncsim.sv utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type Ignore incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk.asy utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type asy incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk.ngc utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type ngc incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk.v utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type verilog incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk.veo utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type verilog_template incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk.xco utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type coregen_ip incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount relative_path fifo_4k_2clk_xmdf.tcl utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount type AnyView incr fcount utilities_xmdf::xmdfSetData $instance FileSet $fcount associated_module fifo_4k_2clk incr fcount } # ::gen_comp_name_xmdf::xmdfApplyParams	2023-09-04T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8131
WATCH: John Waters implores young people to "go out in the world and fk it up beautifully" - Spout FeedWATCH: John Waters implores young people to "go out in the world and fk it up beautifully" - Spout Feed	2024-03-07T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5870
A few days ago I switch all my email accounts from POP to IMAP. As I was already using Poptray to check mail in POP, I kept it for IMAP, with the help of IMAP plugin. It's working fine except for two things : - When I try to previes a message in Poptray I get this error message : " Unable to retrieve message. External exception E06D7363", - When I try to delete a message from Poptray, I also get an error message telling me something about message references that don't match (it's in french ). The funny thing is that if I switch Poptray language from French to ENglish everything workd fine. IMAP isn't a very strict standard like POP is, so it doesn't get implemented the same on every server... so try the other IMAP plugins available on the SourceForge pages to see if you get better results with one of them. Personally I believe, that if your email server allows POP access, that is still the most reliable way to have Poptray check/notify for new email.	2024-01-13T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4569
[Sanatorium-health resort treatment as a factor in the secondary prevention of peptic ulcer]. Generalization of the results of the follow up of 432 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer has established that rehabilitation by the type of hospital-sanatorium-polyclinic type has a preference over the traditional hospital-polyclinic-sanatorium and two-stage sanatorium-polyclinic system. Best results of rehabilitation are achieved when patients are admitted to a sanatorium in the early stage of the disease and during remission and in application of the methods of mud therapy and instrumental physiotherapy. Repeated sanatorium treatment potentiates the rehabilitation effect in patients with a frequently recurring form of the disease.	2024-07-14T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4961
Q: How to get values from records in a list and form a new table? I have a list which contains some reocrds(the number is variable), I want to retrieve some fields from each record and build a new table. Current data is this: and what I want to have is something like Asset Tag----Manufacture----Asset Number zshavm10----IBM----12345678 zshavm11----HP----87654321 Thank you. A: You can convert the list into a table through the ribbon (Transform \| To Table), and then expand the column by clicking on the button in the column header with the two arrows. You can then select the fields you want as your columns.	2024-06-18T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5963
President Donald Trump fired off several tweets early Wednesday morning insisting that he is “calm and calculated” after several reports on Tuesday detailed Trump’s anger following the FBI raid on his longtime personal attorney Michael Cohen. Trump publicly fumed over the raid on Cohen’s residences and office on Monday, calling the FBI’s move “an attack on our country,” and has reportedly continued to vent about the Cohen raid and special counsel Robert Mueller’s probe behind closed doors. Though Trump insisted in his tweets that he has been calmly going about his presidential duties, he again lashed out at the FBI for the “unthinkable” raid on Cohen and defended his need to “fight back” against the Russia probes. So much Fake News about what is going on in the White House. Very calm and calculated with a big focus on open and fair trade with China, the coming North Korea meeting and, of course, the vicious gas attack in Syria. Feels great to have Bolton & Larry K on board. I (we) are — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) April 11, 2018 ….doing things that nobody thought possible, despite the never ending and corrupt Russia Investigation, which takes tremendous time and focus. No Collusion or Obstruction (other than I fight back), so now they do the Unthinkable, and RAID a lawyers office for information! BAD! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) April 11, 2018 Trump’s unhappiness with the Mueller investigation has long been simmering, and the news of the FBI raid on his longtime lawyer and fixer reportedly sent the President over the edge. Two people close to the West Wing told the New York Times that Trump was close to a “meltdown” on Tuesday. White House aides told the Times that they were worried Trump would fire Mueller. The President told advisers over the weekend that he wanted to fire Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, and FBI Director Christopher Wray, according to the New York Times. His frustration with leadership at the Justice Department only grew after the Cohen raid, and he trained his ire on Rosenstein, the DOJ official who oversees the Mueller probe and who reportedly signed off on the Cohen raid. Trump is now considering firing Rosenstein, a move he’s entertained before, sources told CNN. Aides also told the New York Times that they believe Trump is considering firing Rosenstein. The President is also reconsidering whether he will sit for an interview with Mueller’s team, a White House official told CNN.	2023-10-17T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7455
Defensive tackle Javier Edwards (Brenham, Tex./Blinn Junior College) didn't need long to know he wanted to be a Gator. Edwards said he landed an offer from Florida at 1:30 p.m. and just committed, as first-reported by 247Sports.com. "That's my dream school," Edwards said of Florida. Edwards said he chose Florida over offers from UNLV, Tulsa, New Mexico and Texas State. "I feel I'm underrated," Edwards said. "Some schools thought I was too big to play against all of the spread offenses in the Big 12. So I have a big chip on my shoulder." Edwards (6-3, 350) said he plans to visit Florida this month but doesn't have a date set yet. "Florida is getting a big run stopper," Edwards said. "I'm a guy that can push the pocket and collapse the pocket." Edwards said he will enroll at Florida in January and has two years of eligibility remaining. Edwards played his prep ball at Houston, Tex./Aldine Davis. Edwards is the seventh verbal commit in the 2017 class for Florida.	2024-01-14T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6233
About BAGedge: BAGedge makes bags and totes that are of both great quality and value. BAGedge makes the ever-popular blank canvas promotional totes, along with cinch sacks, duffel bags, backpacks, messenger bags, and more.	2024-05-18T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8108
The Real Jon & Kate Scandal There's one beauty element to this Jon and Kate Gosselin situation, and a gaggle of hairstylists have spoken out, some more kindly than others. What is up with Kate's hair? We get it, you're a mother, and parenting eight kids means you can't have long hair slowing you down. That's cool. But that whole spiky on the top/smooth in front 'do...we're concerned that you're just influential enough to inspire other women to adopt the look. We offer a simple solution: Choose punk or soccer mom. But you can't have both.	2023-09-08T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2183
Filed 5/8/14 American Nurses Assn. v. Torlakson CA3 Opinion following remand from Supreme Court NOT TO BE PUBLISHED California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT (Sacramento) ---- AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION et al., C061150 Plaintiffs and Respondents, (Super. Ct. No. 07AS04631) v. TOM TORLAKSON, as Superintendent, etc., et al., Defendants and Appellants; AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION, Intervener and Appellant. This case returns to us on remand from the California Supreme Court. The primary issue in the case originally was whether California law allows designated “voluntary school employees,” who are not licensed nurses, to administer insulin to certain diabetic students. In a 2007 legal advisory, the State Department of Education (the Department) indicated such personnel were included in the categories of persons 1 who could administer insulin to diabetic students. The American Nurses Association and other trade organizations representing registered and school nurses (collectively Nurses) challenged this advice as condoning the unauthorized practice of nursing. They further argued this portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory was a regulation enacted in violation of the Administrative Procedures Act (Gov. Code, § 11340 et seq.) (APA). In American Nurses Assn. v. Torlakson (2013) 57 Cal.4th 570 at page 575 (American Nurses), our Supreme Court held that “California law expressly permits trained, unlicensed school personnel to administer prescription medications such as insulin in accordance with the written statements of a student’s treating physician and parents (Ed. Code, §§ 49423, 49423.6; Cal. Code Regs., tit. 5, §§ 600, 604, subd. (b)) and expressly exempts persons who thus carry out physicians’ medical orders from laws prohibiting the unauthorized practice of nursing (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 2727, subd. (e)).” This opinion “authoritatively resolves the dispute independently of the 2007 Legal Advisory, based on the relevant provisions of the Education Code and its implementing regulations.” (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 591.) The court thus found it unnecessary to reach the issue of whether the legal advisory violated the APA. “Our decision leaves the Department free to revise the Legal Advisory to reflect California law as we have interpreted it, and leaves the parties and the lower courts free to identify and resolve, if necessary, any issues that may remain concerning APA compliance.” (Ibid.) The court remanded the case to us “for further proceedings in accordance with the views set forth herein.” (Id. at p. 592.) In supplemental briefing following remand, intervenor American Diabetes Association (Association) argues the trial court’s judgment and writ of mandate should be reversed. Because the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory was consistent with substantive California law, the Association argues, there is no APA defense. The Department and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction (Superintendent) joined 2 this supplemental brief. In response, Nurses argue the 2007 Legal Advisory is void because it was a regulation and failed to comply with the APA. As we explain, the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory was a regulation and it was enacted in violation of the APA. However, since American Nurses held the 2007 Legal Advisory’s interpretation was the correct interpretation of California law, we reverse the portion of the judgment granting a writ of mandate commanding the Department and the Superintendent to refrain from implementing or enforcing the contested provisions of the 2007 Legal Advisory. BACKGROUND In October 2005, the parents of several diabetic students, together with the Association, filed a class action in federal court against the Department and others, alleging that certain California public schools had failed to meet their obligations to diabetic students under federal law. (K.C. et al. v. O’Connell (N.D.Cal., No. C-05- 4077MMC).) In 2007, the parties reached a settlement agreement. Under that agreement, the Department issued the 2007 Legal Advisory on the Rights of Students with Diabetes in California’s K-12 Public Schools (2007 Legal Advisory). (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 577.) The 2007 Legal Advisory was directed to “all California school districts and charter schools” to remind them “of the following important legal rights involving students with diabetes who have been determined to be eligible for services.” The conclusion of the 2007 Legal Advisory sets forth in a checklist the various categories of persons who may administer insulin in California’s schools pursuant to an individualized education program (IEP) or a Section 504 Plan under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. § 794). That checklist provides as follows: “Business and Professions Code section 2725[, subdivision] (b)(2) and the California Code of Regulations, Title 5, section 604 authorize the following types of 3 persons to administer insulin in California’s public schools pursuant to a Section 504 Plan or an IEP: “1. self administration, with authorization of the student’s licensed health care provide[r] and parent/guardian; “2. school nurse or school physician employed by the LEA [local education agency]; “3. appropriately licensed school employee ( i.e., a registered nurse or a licensed vocational nurse) who is supervised by a school physician, school nurse, or other appropriate individual; “4. contracted registered nurse or licensed vocational nurse from a private agency or registry, or by contract with a public health nurse employed by the local county health department; “5. parent/guardian who so elect; “6. parent/guardian designee, if parent/guardian so elects, who shall be a volunteer who is not an employee of the LEA; and “7. unlicensed voluntary school employee with appropriate training, but only in emergencies as defined by Section 2727[, subdivision](d) of the Business and Professions Code (epidemics or public disasters). “When no expressly authorized person is available under categories 2–4, supra, federal law—the Section 504 Plan or the IEP—must still be honored and implemented. Thus, a category # 8 is available under federal law: “8. voluntary school employee who is unlicensed but who has been adequately trained to administer insulin pursuant to the student’s treating physician’s orders as required by the Section 504 Plan or the IEP.” (Fn. omitted.) Nurses brought a petition for a writ of mandate and a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief, challenging the eighth category of the 2007 Legal Advisory. They sought a writ of mandate setting aside, vacating, and invalidating “standard #8” of the 2007 Legal Advisory, and enjoining defendants from taking any action in conjunction with that standard. They also sought a declaration that issuance of that standard violated state law, including the APA, the Nursing Practices Act, and the California Constitution. 4 The trial court granted judgment for petitioners. It issued a peremptory writ of mandate that commanded the Department and the Superintendent to refrain from implementing or enforcing the portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory following category 7 of the checklist, and to remove that portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory. We affirmed the trial court’s judgment and issuance of the peremptory writ of mandate. (American Nurses Assn. v. O’Connell (2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 393, revd. and cause remanded sub. opn. American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th 570.) Our Supreme Court reversed. (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 592.) The court first determined that Education Code section 49423 and its implementing regulations “plainly establish” “that unlicensed school personnel may administer prescription medications.” (Id. at p. 581.) The court then considered whether the Nursing Practices Act (Bus. & Prof., § 2700 et seq.) (NPA) prohibited unlicensed persons from administering insulin and found the medical-orders exception applied. The medical-orders exception provides that the NPA does not prohibit: “The performance by any person of such duties as required in the physical care of a patient and/or carrying out medical orders prescribed by a licensed physician; provided, such person shall not in any way assume to practice as a professional, registered, graduate or trained nurse.” (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 2727, subd. (e).) In determining this exception applied, the court interpreted the phrase “assume to practice as a . . . registered . . . nurse.” The court explained, “To ‘assume’ to do a thing has two possible meanings in the present context. It might mean to ‘undertake’ to do a thing, or ‘[t]o take [a thing] upon oneself’—in effect simply to do it. (Oxford English Dict. Online (2013) definition II.4.a; see Webster’s 3d New Internat. Dict. (2002) p. 133, definition 2.) Alternatively, to ‘assume’ might mean ‘[t]o put forth claims or pretensions,’ to do a thing ‘in appearance only, . . . to pretend, simulate, feign.’ (Oxford English Dict. Online, supra, definition III.8, 9; see Webster’s 3d New Internat. Dict., supra, at p. 133, definition 4.)” (American Nurses, supra, at p. 584.) The court found “[t]he statute’s language, broader statutory context and 5 interpretive history all point” to the second definition; the first definition would “render the exemption entirely meaningless.” (Id. at pp. 583-584.) Thus the court reversed our decision and “remanded for further proceedings in accordance with the views set forth herein.” (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 592.) DISCUSSION On remand, the Association contends we should reverse the trial court’s judgment and writ of mandate. The Association contends the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory is not a regulation, and therefore the APA does not apply. The Department and the Superintendent join in this argument. I The Law The APA provides that “[n]o state agency shall issue, utilize, enforce, or attempt to enforce . . . a regulation” without complying with the APA’s notice and comment provisions. (Gov. Code, § 11340.5, subd. (a).) A regulation is defined broadly to mean “every rule, regulation, order, or standard of general application or the amendment, supplement, or revision of any rule, regulation, order, or standard adopted by any state agency to implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by it, or to govern its procedure.” (Gov. Code, § 11342.600.) “A regulation subject to the APA thus has two principal identifying characteristics. [Citation.] First, the agency must intend its rule to apply generally, rather than in a specific case. The rule need not, however, apply universally; a rule applies generally so long as it declares how a certain class of cases will be decided. [Citation.] Second, the rule must ‘implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by [the agency], or . . . govern [the agency’s] procedure.’ [Citation.]” (Tidewater Marine Western, Inc. v. Bradshaw (1996) 14 Cal.4th 557, 571.) 6 “As to the first test, a regulation subject to the APA has been construed to apply ‘to all generally applicable administrative interpretations of a statute,’ presumptively including the advisory, whether or not the interpretation is in the form of a regulation and whether or not it is a correct reading of the statute. [Citations.]” (California Grocers Assn. v. Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control (2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 1065, 1073- 1074 (California Grocers).) As to the second test, “the APA’s procedural requirements do not apply where an agency’s interpretation of a statute represents ‘the only legally tenable interpretation of a provision of law.’ (Gov. Code, § 11340.9, subd. (f).)” (Morning Star Co. v. State Bd. of Equalization (2006) 38 Cal.4th 324, 336 (Morning Star). This exception applies “only in situations where the law ‘can reasonably be read only one way’ [citation], such that the agency’s actions or decisions in applying the law are essentially rote, ministerial, or otherwise patently compelled by, or repetitive of, the statute’s plain language.” (Id. at pp. 336-337.) “As the APA establishes that ‘interpretations’ typically constitute regulations, it cannot be the case that any construction, if ultimately deemed meritorious after a close and searching review of the applicable statutes, falls within the exception provided for the sole ‘legally tenable’ understanding of the law. Were this the case, the exception would swallow the rule.” (Id. at p. 336.) II Analysis The contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory, setting forth the eighth category of persons who may administer insulin to students in California’s schools pursuant to an IEP or a Section 504 Plan, qualifies as a regulation subject to the APA. The 2007 Legal Advisory meets the first test of a regulation as a “standard of general application” by an agency “to implement, interpret, or make specific the law enforced or administered by it.” (Gov. Code, § 11342.600.) While the advisory was issued as part of a settlement, it was intended to apply to “all California school districts and charter 7 schools” to remind them “of the following important legal rights involving students with diabetes who have been determined to be eligible for services.” Thus, the Department intended the advisory “to apply generally, rather than in a specific case.” (Morning Star, supra, 38 Cal.4th at p. 333.) The Association contends the 2007 Legal Advisory is not a regulation because it is not an interpretation of the law; instead, “it merely constitutes a statement by the Department of its understanding of the law and intent to comply with it.” The Association relies on Excelsior College v. Board of Registered Nursing (2006) 136 Cal.App.4th 1218 (Excelsior College). For 20 years, the Board of Registered Nursing (the Board) had determined the New York-based distance learning nursing program of Excelsior College was equivalent to the minimum requirements of an accredited California program, as required by Business and Professions Code section 2736. (Excelsior College, supra, 136 Cal.App.4th at p. 1227.) After receiving correspondence expressing concern about the skill level of new graduates from some nursing schools, the Board determined Excelsior’s program had insufficient clinical practice requirements and issued a decision that “ ‘Excelsior College graduates, like other out-of-state graduates, must meet the requirements set forth in California Business and Professions Code Section 2736(a)(2) . . . .’ ” (Ibid.) Excelsior College challenged this decision as an illegal underground regulation enacted without compliance with the APA. This court rejected that argument. “The Board’s action of February 6, 2004, merely confirmed that Excelsior graduates would be required to comply with section 2736. The Board has not created an underground regulation merely by enforcing the actual language of the statute.” (Id. at p. 1239, emphasis added.) Excelsior College is distinguishable. By its own terms, the 2007 Legal Advisory did not seek to enforce the actual language of the statute, but to interpret it as necessary to comply with federal law. As such, the contested portion of the advisory met the first test of a regulation. 8 Next, the Association contends the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory was not subject to the APA because it embodied the “ ‘only tenable legal interpretation’ ” of Education Code section 49423 and the NPA, the interpretation adopted by our Supreme Court in Nurses Association. We disagree; “[W]hether the Department has adopted the sole ‘legally tenable’ reading of the statutes represents a different question than whether its interpretation is ultimately correct.” (Morning Star, supra, 38 Cal.4th at p. 336.) As set forth ante, in determining that unlicensed school personnel are authorized to administer insulin to students, our Supreme Court adopted one of “two possible meanings” of the term “ ‘assume’ ” in the NPA. (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 584.) Consequently, since the proper interpretation of the law required choosing between two possible meanings, the interpretation set forth in the 2007 Legal Advisory, subsequently sanctioned by the California Supreme Court, was not “rote, ministerial, or otherwise patently compelled by, or repetitive of, the statute’s plain language,” as required for the only tenable legal interpretation exception. (Morning Star, supra, 38 Cal.4th at p. 337.) Indeed, both the trial court and this court adopted a different interpretation. That our Supreme Court ultimately accepted the interpretation advanced in the 2007 Legal Advisory does not make that interpretation the only legally tenable one. The test is not whether the interpretation, “after a close and searching review of the applicable statutes,” is meritorious. (Id. at p. 336.) Thus the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory qualifies as a regulation subject to the APA because it meets both tests of a regulation. Defendants and the Association do not dispute that the Department failed to comply with the APA in issuing the 2007 Legal Advisory. The failure to comply with the notice and comment procedures of the APA voids the regulation. (California Grocers, supra, 219 Cal.App.4th at p. 1073.) Our Supreme Court, however, has determined that the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory correctly states the law in California. Consequently, we must 9 determine what effect the failure to comply with the APA has on the judgment and writ of mandate issued by the trial court in this case. III Effect on Judgment and Writ of Mandate The trial court’s judgment has two parts. The first part declares the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory invalid. The trial court gave two reasons for this invalidity: (1) the respondents (the Department and the Superintendent) had no authority to enlarge the group of persons who may administer insulin under state law; and (2) respondents failed to comply with the rule-making procedures of the APA. The first reason is incorrect, as the California Supreme Court has determined that California law allows school personnel who are not licensed health care professionals to administer insulin. (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 591.) The second reason, however, is correct. The trial court’s judgment is affirmed to the extent it declares the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory void as an illegal regulation. The second part of the judgment issues a peremptory writ of mandate requiring respondents to refrain from implementing or enforcing the contested provisions of the 2007 Legal Advisory and to delete those portions of the advisory. The judgment and the issuance of a writ of mandate are reversed to the extent that these orders prohibit respondents from permitting unlicensed school personnel from administering insulin to diabetic students. Such persons are allowed by California law to administer insulin to diabetic students, as our Supreme Court “authoritatively resolve[d] the dispute” in deciding American Nurses. (American Nurses, supra, 57 Cal.4th at p. 591.) We note our Supreme Court has held that the Department is “free to revise the Legal Advisory to reflect California law as we have interpreted it.” (Ibid.) DISPOSITION The judgment and issuance of a writ of peremptory mandate is reversed to the extent it commands the Department and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction to 10 refrain from implementing or enforcing the contested portion of the 2007 Legal Advisory. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed. The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.278(a)(3).) DUARTE , J. We concur: BUTZ , Acting P. J. HOCH , J. 11	2023-10-07T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4638
A rapid micro radial electrophoretic method of protein separation on cellulose acetate membranes. A new rapid micromethod for protein separation under a radial electric field is described. As many as 12 rabbit serum samples could be separated in 4--6 min.	2023-08-06T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1982
For many, the term "weapon of mass destruction" -- or WMD -- means something far more apocalyptic than the Boston attack, tragic though that was. For those people it will forever be associated with the run-up to the Iraq War, when leaders of the U.S.-led coalition warned that Saddam Hussein was building up his stocks of WMD -- a claim that turned out to be incorrect. Many sources point to a 1937 address by the then Archbishop of Canterbury Cosmo Gordon Lang, as the first time the phrase weapons of mass destruction was used. In a report at the time, London's Times newspaper quoted Lang as referring to wars in China and Spain and saying: "Who can think without horror of what another widespread war would mean, waged as it would be with all the new weapons of mass destruction." It is unclear exactly which weapons Lang was referring to, however, in April 1937 German bombers had systematically destroyed the Basque town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, prompting Times correspondent George Steer to write on April 27, 1937: "In the form of its execution and the scale of the destruction it wrought, no less than the selection of its objective, the raid on Guernica is unparalleled in military history." He described "first, hand grenades and heavy bombs to stampede the population, then machine-gunning to drive them below, next heavy and incendiary bombs to wreck the houses and burn them on top of their victims." JUST WATCHED Last Enola Gay member recalls Hiroshima MUST WATCH JUST WATCHED 10 years later: Iraq's phantom WMD MUST WATCH 10 years later: Iraq's phantom WMD03:17 The same year, Japan had invaded China, where its troops were widely accused of gross human rights abuses, including raping tens of thousands of girls and women and killing several hundred thousand others in December 1937, in what has come to be called "The Rape of Nanking." Nine years later, the Times referred to a report by the British mission to Hiroshima after the Japanese city became the first victim of an atom bomb. It quoted the report as opening: "His Majesty's Government consider that a full understanding of the consequences of the new form of attack may assist the United Nations Organization in its task of securing the control of atomic energy for the common good and in abolishing the use of weapons of mass destruction." Indeed, the U.N.'s first resolution in 1946 established a committee whose tasks included making specific proposals "for the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction." In their 2012 paper for the U.S. government's National Defense University, "Defining Weapons of Mass Destruction," authors John F. Reichart and W. Seth Carus wrote that, in terms of disarmament policy, the definitive definition of WMD had emerged at the U.N. in 1948. It covered "...atomic explosive weapons, radioactive material weapons, lethal chemical and biological weapons, and any weapons developed in the future which have characteristics comparable in destructive effect to those of the atomic bomb or other weapons mentioned above," they said. Reichart and Carus said they had identified "more than 50 WMD definitions issued by a government or international organization." The definition in the U.S. Criminal Code included high explosives and was "inconsistent with most national guidance and with the usage preferred by the State Department and the international community," they said. "Almost all crimes" prosecuted under this definition could be prosecuted under other provisions of the U.S. criminal code, they suggested. Bombs, grenades, rockets "having a propellant charge of more than four ounces, a missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than one-quarter ounce" and mines, are among the explosives covered by the criminal code's definition of WMD. Robert Chesney -- professor of law at University of Texas -- said the statute Tsarnaev had been charged under -- U.S. Code title 18, section 2332a -- defined WMD "far more broadly than that phrase is normally understood." "At the bottom, it is simply a statute that makes it a felony to set off bombs in public places, which certainly applies in this case. Unless the government were to try to take advantage of the WMD language to try to convince the public that this defendant was using a WMD in the usual narrow and scary sense of that phrase, there's really no harm in the situation in my view," he said. Chesney noted that in order for a prosecution for using WMD within the United States to be successful, at least one of four conditions relating to interstate or foreign commerce also needed to be proved against the defendant. In the case of the Boston bombings "the easiest one to prove would be the impact-on-commerce condition -- there's just no real doubt that the bombing had a tremendously disruptive impact on interstate commerce," he said. Harvard Law School's Alan Dershowitz told CNN'S Becky Anderson he was surprised the WMD charge had been used against Tsarnaev. "Everybody thought that the indictment would be under the federal terrorism statute," he said. "Instead they charged him under a very rarely used statute involving explosion of weapons of mass destruction that result in the death of an individual." Dershowitz said the charge put less emphasis on the intention behind the attack. "Under the terrorism statute, you would have to, in effect, charge a jihadist or extreme Islamic motivation. Here you don't have to show any motivation at all," he said. "So the government has made a decision not to charge this as a politically motivated crime." U.S. Department of Justice spokesman Dean Boyd said the statute had been "frequently used" by the department. JUST WATCHED Bremer: Iraq better off without Hussein MUST WATCH JUST WATCHED Iraq war ends, WMDs never found MUST WATCH Iraq war ends, WMDs never found03:30 Among the recent examples cited by Boyd was the case of Saudi student Khalid Ali-M Aldawsari who was convicted and sentenced to life in 2012 for attempted use of a WMD. According to a departmental release, the charge followed Aldawsari's "purchase of chemicals and equipment necessary to make an improvised explosive device (IED) and his research of potential U.S. targets." The WMD law also applies to "any national of the United States who, without lawful authority, uses or threatens, attempts, or conspires to use a weapon of mass destruction outside of the U.S.." In March 2013, former U.S. soldier Eric Harroun was charged under this part of the statute for allegedly conspiring to use a rocket propelled grenade while fighting with an al Qaeda affiliated group in Syria. Jack Holland, lecturer in international relations at the University of Surrey, said that since 2002/2003, use of the term WMD had generally been "political in use and political in implication." WMD had been used to refer to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN), but the term had more recently been used for "deliberate political reasons" and broadened out, Holland said. "It's increasingly just something explosive or destructive that makes the term so broad as to be meaningless," he said. "In 2002, there weren't people talking about pressure cookers as WMDs." In the build-up to the Iraq War, Holland said, the phrase was used strategically to create legitimacy for intervention. Reports out of the Bush Administration, he said, suggested that the need to combat a perceived WMD threat was something on which all of the "coalition of the willing" could agree. But he said the phrase had different connotations in the U.S. and Britain. Britain's then Prime Minister Tony Blair was a strident proponent of the argument, telling UK lawmakers that Hussein could launch a range of WMDs within 45 minutes. "WMD was more controversial as a term and a rationale in the UK because Blair put more emphasis on the argument than [President George W.] Bush did," Holland said. This was because Blair needed to appeal to the British public with a "legalistic, logical, pragmatic" argument, he said, whereas Bush could "employ a series of more emotive arguments" and use WMD as a "fallback argument to a far greater degree, because of American political culture." "Britons needed a 'pseudo-legalistic rationale'," Holland said. "It was about the 45-minute claim -- that was very much an argument that appealed peculiarly to the British," he said. "Blair put all of his eggs in one basket with the WMD argument." In Britain, the phrase was now tainted because of its political connotations that the administration had lied or had been just plain wrong. "Now it's seen as a false premise for an unsuccessful intervention," Holland said. "The strategic use of language to sell interventions to the public is an extremely long-standing phenomenon. More recently these arguments are ever more important for making the case for war," he said. "There's a perceived need -- even if you've won an election -- to retain the image of speaking for a population," he said. "To get the population onside is essential."	2023-12-31T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8524
Patricia Hibberd, MD, PhD is a clinical investigator dedicated to patient oriented research. She has an institution wide leadership role in mentoring and clinical research career development of junior faculty, Fellows, residents and medical students at Tufts New England Medical Center (Tufts-NEMC) and Tufts University School of Medicine. She directs the Division of Clinical Research Resources in the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies at Tufts-NEMC. She is also Program Director of the Tufts- NEMC General Clinical Research Center, Advisory Board Member for NHLBI K30 Tufts-NEMC-Sackler Clinical Research Curriculum Grant, Associate Director for a T32 Training Grant and faculty advisor for 6 additional institutional training grants. She has mentored 27 individuals, almost all of whom are productive clinical researchers. Over the past 10 years, Dr Hibberd's research has focused on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), where she has continued her strong track record of successful research and mentorship. The purpose of this K24 award is to provide Dr Hibberd with protected time to enable her to further her own research and mentor junior investigators interested in using rigorous clinical research methodology to understand mechanisms of action and the safety and efficacy of CAM therapies. Dr Hibberd has two research grants to study probiotics in the prevention of infection and she is core faculty/coinvestigator of a funded program project on the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of the relaxation response. Her research goals for this award are to expand the scope of funded research being conducted by her multidisciplinary team of basic and clinical research scientists who are dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of action of CAM therapies and their clinical effects in patients. Goals for the mentees are to obtain formal training in clinical research methodology, ethics and regulatory science, to conduct mentored pilot studies of CAM therapies and to develop grant applications for patient oriented research, the mentoring plan entails a) providing trainees with a CAM specific research "laboratory" environment, b) developing didactic coursework that focuses on the unique and specific challenges of conducting CAM research;c) providing mentees with stable, high-level analytic capacity and computing support;and d) providing longer-term career support through research "check-ups" to increase and sustain the pool of well-trained CAM clinical researchers.	2024-05-02T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/3719
Study of calendula and Gaillardia growth in two composts prepared from agroindustrial wastes. Two composts prepared from agroindustrial wastes were assayed as substrates: C1 from brewing waste (yeast and malt) plus lemon tree pruning and C2 from the solid fraction of olive mill wastewater plus olive leaves. Sixteen substrates were prepared by combining each compost with Sphagnum peat or a Commercial Substrate (CS) in different proportions. The nutrients (N and K) provided by the composts, which acted as slow-release fertilizers, influenced especially the development of calendula, although the physical and physicochemical properties such as total pore space and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were also relevant. On the other hand, in the salt-sensitive Gaillardia hybrid, EC and chloride concentration were the main factors influencing growth. The best results were found in substrates prepared by mixing C1 at up to 75% with peat, or at up to 50% with CS, or by mixing C2 at up to 50% with peat or CS, for calendula. For salt-sensitive species such as Gaillardia, adequate substrates for plant development were found for C1 at up to 50% with peat or CS, but the use of C2 should be limited to 25% in mixtures with peat or CS. Therefore, composts of agroindustrial origin such as these can be used as an alternative to peat and CSs for growing ornamental plants, provided the mixture contains at least 25% peat or CS.	2024-03-28T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1737
Police officers will not be banned from attending Pride Week celebrations this year, the festival’s organizing committee said in a statement, which “aims to clarify” the conditions around police participation. “LGBTQ+ police officers and their allies can march in the Parade with community groups, with the City of Toronto, or even create their own group,” Pride Toronto said in a statement issued Sunday night. Pride Toronto said it is requesting that officers “not include” uniforms, weapons or vehicles in their parade participation. Read more: Toronto councillors want $260,000 grant for Pride parade axed after police ban Mayor John Tory ‘disappointed and frustrated’ after police say they won’t participate in Pride parade Pride Toronto should welcome police participation: Editorial However, police will be present to “provide all the necessary services to ensure that the festival weekend and parade are secure and successful,” the statement reads. According to the statement, Pride Toronto executive director Olivia Nuamah is expected to speak at the city’s Economic Development Committee meeting Monday “in support of continued city funding for Pride.” Don Peat, spokesperson for Mayor John Tory, said late Sunday that Tory will talk about the compromise Monday morning after he tours a Toronto Community Housing complex with NDP Leader Andrea Horwath. Tory has in recent weeks resisted calls from the police union and some councillors to threaten to cancel an annual city grant to Pride unless police are welcomed back. Tory had said Police Chief Mark Saunders and Nuamah assured him fruitful talks were continuing, adding he did not want to make any statements that would derail their progress. Councillor John Campbell counts himself among about half a dozen councillors who believe the organization’s annual grant request should be voted down. Toronto police officers have denounced the planned grant of $260,000 offered to Pride, calling it “unacceptable” for the government to financially back an event that excludes police. Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Pride Toronto and Toronto Police were not immediately available for comment.	2024-03-26T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1325
If the NHSTP procedure is essential for controlling for chance, why is there little, if any, discussion of the nature of chance by Chow and other advocates of the procedure. Also, many criticisms that Chow takes to be aimed against the NHSTP (null-hypothesis significance-test) procedure are actually directed against the kind of theory that is tested by the procedure.	2023-11-15T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2133
Q: How to get all links(id) of specific page in wikipedia by pageid I`m trying to build query with Wiki API that will return all internal links from specific article in id format. I have pageId of some article. For example for article "Android (Operational System)" id is 12610483. In my client side i need to work only with id and later obtain all information only by id. My goal is to find all internal links(ids of articles) from give article id. Unfortunately, the only possible way i found is to obtain links that represented by titles of articles: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=parse&format=json&pageid=12610483&prop=links Is there any other way to obtain ids of links as well and not only titles? A: What you want to do is to use action=query&prop=links to get data from the pagelinks database table, instead of parsing the page text. This will still give you only page titles (because a link can lead to a non-existent page, which implies no page id). But you can fix that by using prop=links as a generator: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&format=json&pageids=12610483&generator=links&gpllimit=max If the article has many links (like the one you suggested), you will need to use paging (see the gplcontinue element).	2024-04-20T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1187
Goldman Sachs figured out what parents have known for years: Netflix’s future lies with kids Goldman Sachs has released data that confirms what thousands of parents already know: Netflix’s future lies in the hands of children. According to a report from Bloomberg, Netflix is set to see some pretty intense profit growth over the next few years as a result of the various moves its making now: snatching up licensing agreements for animated content left and right, expanding to Australia and six European countries, and tacking on an extra dollar to its prized streaming service for new subscribers. But it seems that children’s content might currently be the service’s most underutilized sector – because Netflix has quietly set it itself up to become the central hub for every child’s streaming needs, it will probably equal big bucks if and when the niche market explodes. Goldman analyst Heath Terry notes in the report that only 3 percent of Netflix’s user base consists of children. Even a 5 or 10-percent upward swing could yield massive profits. Kids have more access to mobile devices and the Internet than ever before (even just a couple years ago) and, as the team behind Goldman’s report notes, this phenomenon is opening up online video-streaming to more and more children: “Kids aged 0-8 in the U.S. are increasingly gaining access to mobile devices, as 75 percent of kids now have access … compared to 52 percent just two years ago, according to Common Sense Media. Interestingly, 7 percent of kids already have their own tablets, and to put this into perspective, only 8 percent of adults had their own tablets just two years ago.” At the center of Goldman’s report is the firm’s upgrading of Netflix stock from neutral to buy – Terry raised the stock’s price target from to $590 from $380, marking a 34-percent premium over the stock’s $440 close on Monday, according to coverage by Forbes.	2023-09-22T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9547
Vineeta Bal Vineeta Bal is a Scientist in the National Institute of Immunology and she was a member of the Prime Minister's task force for Women in Science under the Ministry of Science and Technology. Education and career She did her MBBS from Pune University and MD in Microbiology from Haffkine Institute in the University of Bombay and later did post-doctoral training in Royal Post-graduate Medical School in London. References External links Interview: Dr. Vineeta Bal, National Institute of Immunology, Shahid Akhter, ET Health World Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Indian immunologists Category:Indian women biologists Category:20th-century Indian biologists Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni Category:University of Mumbai alumni	2024-06-22T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4208
Q: Why is my result string not updating in my recursive method? I have my recursive method for deleting consecutive characters almost how my professor wants it. However, she doesn't want print statements in the removeDuplicates method, and I can't figure out why my result string isn't updating before it returns. Here is my code: public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println(removeDuplicates("a")); System.out.println(removeDuplicates("aa")); System.out.println(removeDuplicates("aab")); System.out.println(removeDuplicates("aabb")); System.out.println(removeDuplicates("aaaba")); System.out.println(removeDuplicates("aabbccdefghijkllaa")); } public static String removeDuplicates(String a){ int beg=0; String result=""; if (a.length()-1 ==0){ result=""+a.charAt(0); //System.out.print(a.charAt(0)); } else if (a.charAt(beg) == a.charAt(beg+1)) { beg++; removeDuplicates(a.substring(beg, a.length())); } else { result=""+a.charAt(0); //System.out.print(result); beg++; removeDuplicates(a.substring(beg, a.length())); } return result; } } I see that each time it starts, it resets result to an empty string. However, not initializing it gives an error because the return line doesn't recognize that the string was updated. How can I fix this? (Everything else is how it's supposed to be. No static variables, the calling in the main method is correct, etc. I just need that one part fixed.) A: YourremoveDuplicates need to handle the return value of your recursive call in the location : beg++; removeDuplicates(a.substring(beg, a.length())); you need to store the result of the removeDuplicates calls PS: I won't write the answer as it is homework question, I am merely pointing where to look at	2024-06-10T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4406
‘First day at big school’ for Cole Harden Tom Richmond, Racing Correspondent FOR three years, Gavin Sheehan has been itching to race Cole Harden over steeplechase fences because he thinks the horse could be that ‘special’. Today, the jockey gets his wish. Wetherby’s Constant Security Services’ Novice Chase might be a modest affair – but it will reveal whether this fantastic front-runner with the heart of a lion can make a seamless transition from hurdles to larger obstacles. The galloping track will always have a special place in the Cole Harden story – it was here that Warren Greatrex’s stable star won the 2014 West Yorkshire Hurdle en route to victory the following March in the World Hurdle at the Cheltenham Festival when the gelding led from start to finish under a nerveless Sheehan, who timed the pace to perfection. There are no guarantees – the biggest certainty of all in racing is its glorious uncertainty – and Grade One hurdler One Track Mind, who Sheehan and Greatrex hold in similarly high regard, never recovered from a first fence error on his novice chasing debut at Newbury just over a week ago. Yet, while today’s two-mile-three-furlong test will be shorter than ideal for Cole Harden, whose best form is over three miles, connections are simply keen for a confidence-boosting run without having to take on rivals as precocious as Thistlecrack, who won this year’s World Hurdle and is ante-post favourite for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. With just three rivals, Cole Harden has every chance to win for the first time since his Cheltenham heroics of 2015. Though he never ran a bad race in his three starts last season, including two battles with Thistlecrack, he did not get his head in front and the horse’s well-documented wind problems – he has undergone several procedures to improve his breathing – were compounded by a niggling knee injury which needed time to heal. “He just didn’t feel the same horse last season,” confided Sheehan, who is encouraged by Cole Harden’s recent well-being at the Uplands Stables in Lambourn, synonymous with legendary trainer Fred Winter. Yet the 2013-14 champion conditional, who served his apprenticeship on the ferociously competitive pony racing circuit in his native County Cork, says there are genuine grounds of optimism after schooling Cole Harden over larger obstacles. “No-one else is brave enough or stupid enough,” jokes the 24-year-old, who remains all too modest about his riding and horsemanship. “He’s too brave. He has to respect his obstacles, like Thistlecrack is finding out with Tom Scu.” If Cole Harden had his way, says Sheehan, the seven-year-old would simply charge off until he stopped. With larger obstacles, he needs to be more measured and the slower pace of chase races may, he hopes, make it easier for his career-defining horse to stay three miles in future without causing undue distress. That is why the relationship between this horse and jockey is so important, with the rider likening today’s race to “first day at big school”. “He will be a little brave, and take on the odd fence, but he will learn,” Sheehan told The Yorkshire Post. “We’ll learn a lot more after Saturday. We’re starting off from day one but I’ve always thought, from his first season three years ago, he would make a better chaser. If you’re looking for little improvements to compete in the top races, I think they will come over fences.” After a humdrum day at Market Rasen, and a relatively quiet season by Sheehan’s high standards, the anticipation is self-evident in his voice as Cole Harden’s comeback dawns. “He’s the best horse to come through the yard and gave both Warren and myself our first Grade Ones,” said the jockey. “He’s a horse that doesn’t know when he’s beaten. “He wasn’t the same horse last season, but his wining time in the World Hurdle put him up there with many winners held in a higher regard. “I’m having a quieter year. Some of Warren’s horses are needing their first run. The ground hasn’t helped – it’s gone from good ground to heavy ground to dead ground in a short space of time. “I’m happy enough and my agent, Chris Broad, is doing a very good job. You can’t take anything for granted. I’ve just got to keep my head down, keep working, keep being polite and doing the best I can.” And dreaming about more glory days with Cole Harden. “He’s my special horse,” adds Sheehan. He truly means it.	2023-09-05T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6367
Introduction ============ Population-based newborn blood-spot screening (NBS) aims to identify infants with rare but treatable health conditions for which early intervention is expected to lead to improved outcomes. Although pre-screening education for parents is recognized as an integral part of NBS programs, existing evidence suggests that parents often receive little information about NBS and many even remain unaware that their baby has been screened.^[@bib1],[@bib2]^ One potential reason for this limited pre-screening education is that, in many jurisdictions, NBS is either mandatory (e.g., most US states) or considered to be the standard of care for newborns (e.g., most Canadian provinces). Without a perceived need to provide information as a component of explicit informed consent, education about NBS may not be systematically integrated into maternal newborn care. A further explanation for the low intensity of education is that NBS occurs early in the postpartum period. For example, in Canada, the blood spot sample is usually collected 24--72 h after birth, which is typically before the mother and infant are discharged from the hospital. This is a vulnerable time in a new parent\'s life---when many health-care decisions are being made, both mother and infant are recovering from the birth, and there are competing educational priorities even in the absence of specific health concerns. The fact that this immediate postnatal period may not be the best time for NBS education is recognized by both parents and professionals, who have expressed a preference for education about NBS to be carried out during pregnancy.^[@bib1],[@bib3],[@bib4],[@bib5],[@bib6]^ However, there is evidence that some prenatal care providers feel unprepared to educate prospective parents about NBS and/or may not see this as part of their role.^[@bib7]^ Despite these barriers, there are important reasons for providing effective pre-screening education about NBS to parents and/or prospective parents. For example, it has been proposed that such efforts are important for achieving the primary goals of NBS: if parents are aware of the benefits, purpose, and process of screening, they may be more likely to respond promptly to requests for additional testing after a positive (abnormal) result or unsatisfactory sample.^[@bib8]^ Effective education may also help to mitigate psychosocial harms; for instance, by informing parents, before testing, that an initial positive result is a possibility and does not represent a confirmatory diagnosis, it may be possible to reduce the risk of psychosocial harm associated with receiving a false-positive NBS result.^[@bib9],[@bib10]^ This is highly relevant in the context of continued expansion of NBS programs, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of false-positive results. Education that meets parental expectations for being informed may help to promote trust in NBS as a public health program. The importance of transparent communication as a way to protect public/parental trust in public health programs should not be underestimated, as demonstrated by recent legal and policy debates about the retention and secondary research use of NBS blood samples,^[@bib11],[@bib12],[@bib13]^ and discussions regarding public confidence in vaccination programs.^[@bib14]^ Several guidelines have been developed to inform NBS programs\' educational initiatives,^[@bib15],[@bib16],[@bib17]^ which, in some cases^[@bib1],[@bib18]^ were informed by qualitative research exploring parents\' and professionals\' views and experiences. However, little is known about the specific aspects of education that are most important for fostering an understanding of NBS among parents in general, and also about how parents themselves view the education they receive. This survey of a representative sample of mothers in Ontario, Canada, was designed to identify the elements of pre-screening education (what, who, and how) that are most strongly associated with their knowledge and satisfaction regarding NBS. Materials and Methods ===================== Sample and data collection methods ---------------------------------- A simple random sample of 1,712 mothers whose infants had participated in NBS in Ontario within the previous 6 months were invited to complete a mailed survey about NBS education. We chose to sample only mothers whose infants received negative screening results because we were interested in experiences with pre-screening education and information; parents of infants with positive results would have received considerable post-screening information, which we believed would be challenging to distinguish from the pre-screening experience. Following Dillman\'s tailored design method,^[@bib19]^ all potential participants received a pre-notification letter about the study; a package of information that contained a copy of the questionnaire to be completed and a small incentive (a \$2 coffee shop gift card); and a reminder postcard. The remaining nonresponders received up to two more mailings that included further copies of the questionnaire. The participants were asked to return completed questionnaires by mail or to respond online through a secure server with a unique username and password. They were given the option to respond in either English or French. This study received approval from the Children\'s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board. Questionnaire and measures of knowledge and satisfaction -------------------------------------------------------- Guided by a review of the literature, we developed a new questionnaire for the study, reviewing and refining it in multiple rounds of discussion among team members with expertise in newborn screening, public health, genetic counseling, pediatrics, and survey research methods. The questionnaire was pre-tested among a small group of pregnant women recruited through prenatal classes at the Ottawa Hospital (with approval from the Ottawa Hospital Research Ethics Board). After minor revisions based on the pre-test findings, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of five sections designed to obtain information regarding participants\': (i) experiences with education about pregnancy, childbirth, and newborn care generally; (ii) experiences with NBS education specifically (e.g., the timing, source(s), and method(s) of communicating the information, as well as the actual content of the information); (iii) opinions about NBS education (timing, source(s), method(s), and messages) that mothers believed would be most effective; (iv) knowledge of the content of particular educational messages; and (v) demographic characteristics. In order to ascertain the extent to which the respondents understood the educational messages, they were asked a series of five questions in multiple choice or true/false formats. These questions were chosen on the basis of existing guidance for parental education about NBS,^[@bib1]^ and to focus on information (the purpose and process of screening and the possibility of a false-positive result) that is believed to be important for parents to know so as to maximize the benefits of screening and mitigate potential harms. We also incorporated a question regarding parental choice/consent. Parents may opt out of NBS in Ontario, but screening occurs in most maternity hospitals by default unless there is a specific objection by parents. Therefore, we believed that a question assessing whether the respondents were aware of the nonmandatory nature of NBS might distinguish between those who had received specific education about NBS and those who had not. We assessed the participants\' extent of knowledge in five specific areas of NBS education: (i) the main purpose of NBS (to identify infants who may have a rare disease so that treatment can begin right away so as to prevent serious health problems); (ii) the timing of screening (for greater accuracy, the blood sample is collected after 24 h of age); (iii) the process of communicating test results (parents are contacted by a health-care provider if the NBS test results are positive); (iv) the possibility of false-positive results (there may be a positive/abnormal NBS test result even if the infant does not have a disease); and (v) consent (parents have the right to choose not to have their infant tested). To identify whether mothers\' expectations about education had been met, the respondents who reported that they recalled receiving information about NBS were also asked to indicate their level of satisfaction (on a five-point scale, from "very satisfied" to "very dissatisfied") with the information they received. Data analysis ------------- Analyses were carried out using SAS version 9.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). After carrying out descriptive analysis, we investigated predictors of "high" knowledge and being "satisfied" as dichotomous outcomes, using logistic regression analysis. For this purpose, "high knowledge" was defined as having responded correctly to at least four of the five knowledge questions; responses of "don\'t know" were grouped with incorrect responses. Participants were considered to have been satisfied if they indicated that they were "very" or "somewhat" satisfied with the information they received. In bivariate analysis, potential predictors of high knowledge and of satisfaction included receipt of any information about NBS (as a predictor of knowledge), details of experiences with NBS education (e.g., recollection of particular messages, source, and timing of education) and participant characteristics (e.g., age, education, language, and parity). Multiple logistic regression analysis with automated backwards elimination was then used to identify the predictors most strongly associated with high knowledge and with satisfaction. Because the knowledge questions were asked of all the participants, two multivariable models were developed for knowledge: one model for all participants (which included "recall of receipt of any information about NBS" as a predictor) and one for participants who recalled receiving information about NBS (which included details about participants\' recalled experiences with NBS education as predictors). Satisfaction with education was ascertained only among participants who recalled receiving education, and therefore only one multivariable model was constructed for this outcome. Results ======= Response rate and sample characteristics ---------------------------------------- From our initial sample of 1,712 potential participants, we received 750 completed questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 47% (750/1,582, after excluding 128 participants with incorrect addresses and 2 who were found to be ineligible). The majority of the questionnaires were completed in English (n = 728) and were returned by mail (n = 714). Most of the participants were \>25 years of age (91%) ([Table 1](#tbl1){ref-type="table"}). More than half (56%) of the respondents had a university degree or higher level of education, and most (80%) spoke English at home. Just over half of the respondents indicated that they had more than one child at the time of the study (53%) and a majority indicated that their youngest child was between the ages of 3 and 5 months (79%), as expected on the basis of the sampling strategy. Obstetricians were most commonly mentioned as being the health-care professionals providing the majority of care during the most recent pregnancy (61%) ([Table 1](#tbl1){ref-type="table"}). Experiences with NBS education ------------------------------ Most participants (89%) reported having heard of NBS, and 93% could recall their youngest child receiving screening; however, fewer (69%) could recall ever receiving any specific information about NBS. Among respondents who reported having received information about NBS (n = 520), a majority recalled receiving this information after the birth of the infant, either just before the NBS test (62%) and/or at the time of the heel prick test (72%) ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"}; these categories were not mutually exclusive). Nurses were the most common source of information about NBS (69%), and books were mentioned as a source of information by some respondents (32%) ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"}). The most common methods of communication of NBS information, as recalled by the participants, were conversations with a health-care professional (69%) and the tear-off information sheet attached to the NBS blood-spot collection card (68%). The latter was designed by Newborn Screening Ontario to be given to parents at the time of collection of the NBS sample. When asked to identify the content of educational information they had received, respondents most commonly recalled receiving information about the purpose of the NBS test (88%), how the screening test is performed (85%), and the importance of having their baby screened (72%) ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"}). Fewer than 15% of the participants recalled receiving information about how results would be stored or how the blood sample would be handled after testing ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"}). Knowledge of content of key messages ------------------------------------ All the study participants were asked to respond to questions designed to ascertain their knowledge about NBS. Of those who completed these questions (n = 712), most were able to correctly identify the main purpose of NBS (82%), were aware that the sample of blood should be taken at least 24 h after the birth of the infant (75%), and knew that a health-care provider would contact parents if an infant\'s NBS test results were positive (76%) ([Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). However, only 35% responded correctly to a true/false question to determine whether they knew that a positive (abnormal) screening result was possible even if an infant did not have a disease; more than half of the respondents (54%) answered "don\'t know" to this question. Similarly, only 35% responded correctly to a question designed to test whether they were aware that parents have the choice not to have their infant undergo NBS; many mothers responded "don\'t know" (46%) ([Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). As we had anticipated, the latter question was associated with participants recalling having received information about NBS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, P \< 0.01, data not shown). Using a cutoff of 4/5 correct answers, 37% of the participants were considered to have "high knowledge." Satisfaction with NBS education ------------------------------- Participants who recalled receiving any information about NBS (n = 520) were asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with the information received. Among those who responded (n = 506), there was considerable variability in reported satisfaction, with more than half of them reporting being "very" (19%) or "somewhat" (35%) satisfied, and one-quarter of them reporting being "very" (7%) or "somewhat" (18%) dissatisfied ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"}). Factors associated with having high knowledge --------------------------------------------- In the bivariate analysis, participants who were more likely to have high knowledge were those with a post-secondary education or higher as compared with those with a high school education or lower (college, OR = 1.79; university or higher, OR = 2.43), those who recalled receiving any information about NBS (OR = 3.18), and those who received information prenatally (OR = 1.58), from a health-care professional (OR = 2.09), or from the tear-off information sheet given at the time of the blood sample collection (OR = 1.98) ([Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type="table"}, bivariate results). Respondents were also more likely to have high knowledge if they recalled receiving information about the purpose of screening (OR = 2.70), how screening would be done (OR = 2.57), how results would be communicated (OR = 1.98), and the meaning of negative or positive results (OR = 2.64) ([Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type="table"}). In the full-sample multivariate model, having high knowledge was significantly associated with having a post-secondary education (college, OR = 1.89; university or higher, OR = 2.67) and having recollection of receiving information about NBS (OR = 3.13) ([Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type="table"}, model 1). Among participants who reported having received information about NBS at any time, independent predictors of having high knowledge included having a post-secondary education (college, OR = 1.89; university or higher, OR = 2.79), reporting English as the language most often spoken at home (OR = 1.96), receiving information through a tear-off sheet given at the time of the blood sample collection (OR = 1.57), and receiving information about the meaning of positive/negative results (OR = 2.65) ([Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type="table"}, model 2). Factors associated with being satisfied with information received ----------------------------------------------------------------- In bivariate analysis, participants were more likely to report being "very" or "somewhat" satisfied with the information they received if they recalled receiving information prenatally (OR = 2.37), from a health-care professional (OR = 5.81), or from the tear-off sheet given at the time of the collection of the blood sample (OR = 2.21) ([Table 4](#tbl4){ref-type="table"}, bivariate results). Respondents were also more likely to report being satisfied if they recalled receiving information about the purpose of screening (OR = 11.33), how screening would be done (OR = 6.15), how results would be communicated (OR = 5.53), the meaning of positive and negative results (OR = 8.91), and information on the storage and handling of the sample (OR = 8.04) ([Table 4](#tbl4){ref-type="table"}). In the multivariate model, final significant predictors of being satisfied with NBS education included receiving information prenatally (OR = 2.35), from a health-care professional (OR = 4.54), and from the tear-off sheet given at the time of the heel prick (OR = 1.72) ([Table 4](#tbl4){ref-type="table"}, multivariable results). Being satisfied was also significantly associated with receiving information about the purpose and benefits of screening (OR = 3.78), how results would be communicated (OR = 2.57), the meaning of positive and negative results (OR = 4.19), and information about storage and handling of the sample (OR = 3.13) ([Table 4](#tbl4){ref-type="table"}). Discussion ========== Mothers\' awareness of NBS -------------------------- When asked about their experiences with NBS, most participants in our study reported having heard of NBS and could recall their youngest child receiving NBS. Whereas similar findings were reported by Davey et al.^[@bib20]^ (93% of mothers reported having heard of NBS), other studies have reported lower awareness of NBS among parents.^[@bib1],[@bib2]^ This apparent high awareness of NBS among mothers of infants in Ontario should be interpreted with caution because nonresponse bias is likely to have played some role in our findings: our response rate of 47% was typical for surveys of this nature,^[@bib21]^ but it is possible to hypothesize that mothers who chose to participate had a greater awareness of NBS than nonresponders did. Mothers\' experiences with education about NBS ---------------------------------------------- Despite this high level of awareness of NBS, \<70% of the participants reported actually receiving any information about NBS at any time. In Ontario, NBS is considered to be the standard of care and, as mentioned earlier, it is implemented by default unless there is any specific parental objection. If there is no direct expectation for parental involvement in decision making about NBS, one might question whether concerns might be misplaced about this apparent lack of education for a substantial minority of parents. We have highlighted that one argument for ensuring effective parental pre-screening education about NBS is to maximize the benefits of NBS (educating parents about the purpose, benefits, and process of screening may improve follow-up rates)^[@bib8]^ and to mitigate its potential psychosocial harms (educating parents about the possibility of receiving a positive result even for an infant who has no disease may help to prepare them for such results).^[@bib9],[@bib10]^ More broadly, though, there is also some evidence that parents wish to be informed about NBS.^[@bib1],[@bib20]^ That parents have an expectation to be provided with education about NBS is in line with the more general assertion by Manson^[@bib22]^ that patients often want information about interventions, independent of their desire to take part in decision making about those interventions. Such information may be expected by patients from their caregivers so that they can prepare for other decisions that may follow, or simply as a sign of respect and a means of fostering trust. This issue is connected to the aforementioned notion of communication as a means of protecting public confidence in NBS. In short, effective NBS education practices may be important not only because parents need the knowledge to achieve the benefits and minimize the harms of screening, but also because they expect to receive such information, and it contributes to their satisfaction with, and trust in, the screening program. This suggests that both parental knowledge and parental satisfaction are important outcomes in evaluating NBS education. Our results help to clarify which aspects of NBS education are the ones most strongly associated with these outcomes among mothers in Ontario, focusing on strategies for both delivery of information (when, who, in what format) and content (specific messages). Interestingly, in our study, the satisfaction outcome appeared to be more sensitive to differences in the delivery and content of the educational messages than the knowledge outcome was, as judged by the number of independent predictors and the strength of the associations. We must point out, however, that we ascertained satisfaction with NBS education only among those who recalled receiving such education (because we were interested in understanding the specific elements of education that were important predictors of satisfaction); therefore, our descriptive findings are likely to be an overestimate of the overall satisfaction levels in the population. Delivery of NBS education ------------------------- Among mothers who could recall receiving any information about NBS, a higher proportion reported receiving information during the postnatal period, rather than prenatally. This concurs with the findings of other studies, and, as mentioned earlier, is a practice that is contrary both to empirical evidence and to published recommendations that highlight the prenatal period as the preferred time for parental education about NBS.^[@bib1],[@bib3],[@bib4],[@bib5],[@bib6]^ In our study, receipt of information prenatally was not independently associated with higher knowledge about NBS, but was significantly associated with higher satisfaction. Receiving information from a health-care provider was also significantly associated with higher satisfaction, although not with higher knowledge. Therefore, although there are important barriers to engaging prenatal care providers in the process of NBS education,^[@bib7]^ our findings provide empirical support for the assertion that this is a key priority if meeting parental expectations (and not just improving their knowledge) is a goal. The most common source of information about NBS as reported by our study participants was nursing staff, whereas the most common methods of receiving information were through a conversation with a health-care provider and from an information sheet given at the time of blood sample collection. These findings reflect the fact that, currently, the timing of education about NBS in Ontario and many other jurisdictions is postnatal rather than prenatal. Education is being received by mothers mainly at the time of the collection of the blood sample from the infant, when there is likely to be a natural conversation about NBS as part of the health-care provider\'s interaction with the family while handling the newborn for the heel prick. This suggests that many parents may be "passive receivers" (rather than active seekers) of information about NBS,^[@bib23]^ becoming aware of screening only when their baby\'s blood is being sampled. This is perhaps a consequence of the routine approach to NBS in Ontario and elsewhere (i.e., without requiring explicit informed consent from parents). It would be interesting to explore, in future research, whether the provision of education during the prenatal period would lead to an increase in active information-seeking about NBS among prospective parents, and whether this, in turn, would lead to greater knowledge or satisfaction. In the meantime, the receipt of education through the information sheet given at the time of the blood sample collection was the most prominent aspect of NBS education delivery that was associated with both higher knowledge and with satisfaction as per our study analysis. Together with the finding that receiving information through a conversation with a health-care provider was a key determinant of the participants\' levels of satisfaction, the results highlight the importance of supporting postpartum nurses in their current role as NBS educators. Content of NBS education ------------------------ A high proportion of the mothers in our study recalled receiving information about the purpose and importance of screening. This concurs with recent US guidelines about the content of NBS education,^[@bib1]^ and with previous studies, which found that written educational materials have tended to emphasize the purpose and benefits of NBS more than other elements.^[@bib24],[@bib25],[@bib26]^ Study participants were significantly more likely to report being satisfied if they recalled receiving information about the purpose of screening. This supports the importance of including this aspect in the educational content, although there was no significant independent association between this aspect and improvement in the participants\' knowledge of NBS. A lower proportion of study participants recalled receiving information about how NBS results are communicated, and this information too was associated with higher satisfaction. Similarly, only a modest proportion of participants recalled being informed about the meaning of positive and negative results, and only one-third of the participants correctly answered the knowledge question that identified the possibility of a false-positive result. Despite this, receiving information about the meaning of positive and negative results was a predictor of both higher knowledge and higher satisfaction. These findings suggest that messages about both the meaning of the results and how they are communicated may deserve further emphasis in NBS education for parents in Ontario, to promote knowledge and to meet parents\' expectations. Finally, receipt of information about how the NBS sample would be stored and handled was independently associated with satisfaction among the study participants, despite only one-tenth of them recalling having received such information. The issue of appropriate stewardship of NBS dried blood-spot samples has recently gained traction in the public sphere as well as in the scientific literature.^[@bib11],[@bib12],[@bib13],[@bib27],[@bib28]^ Although these issues were not fully explored in our study, they are connected with notions of transparency and trust. Therefore, in addition to exploring the impact of increasing the provision of education about NBS to prospective parents during the prenatal period, an important research priority is to investigate the ways in which information about the storage and potential secondary uses of NBS blood spots can best be communicated to both parents and the public. Conclusions ----------- Effective pre-screening education is an important component of the NBS system. Informing parents about the purpose, benefits, process, and possible results of screening may facilitate prompt follow-up after an initial positive result, and may mitigate potential psychosocial harm. Effective education may also be a valuable tool to enhance parental trust in the NBS program and to promote a positive experience with NBS. Our findings suggest that promoting satisfaction with NBS education among mothers in Ontario may require greater attention to the prenatal period, and that the emphasis may best be placed on education through conversations with health-care providers. While the results support a continued focus on the purpose of screening as an important message for parents, greater attention to the communication process and to the methods of storage and use of NBS samples may further promote parental satisfaction. An emphasis on messages conveying the meaning of both positive and negative results may help to foster both satisfaction and knowledge. Disclosure ========== The authors declare no conflict of interest. This study was supported by internal research funds from the University of Ottawa (B.K.P.). ![Participants\' responses to knowledge questions about newborn screening (n = 712). NBS, newborn blood-spot screening.](gim201287f1){#fig1} ###### Sample characteristics (N = 750) ![](gim201287t1) ###### Experiences and satisfaction with newborn screening education among participants who recalled receiving information about newborn screening at any time (n = 520) ![](gim201287t2) ###### Variables associated with having high knowledge about NBS ![](gim201287t3) ###### Variables associated with being satisfied with NBS education ![](gim201287t4)	2023-09-24T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6854
Heading into free agency, nearly every Leafs fan knew that Nonis wanted to bring in David Clarkson, considered your prototypical Carlyle guy. Well, I’m sure you all know that Nonis got his man, and at a hefty $5.25 million cap hit for 7 years. There’s been much discussion since the signing about the contract Nonis gave to Clarkson and I don’t particularly want to beat a dead horse. So, without really delving into the subject of whether or not I think he’s worth that money or term, I want to give Leafs fans a look into what Clarkson brings to the table. HOW WAS HE USED? The following is a table of Clarkson’s ice-time over the past 4 years: Season ES TOI/G PP TOI/G PK TOI/G Rank among NJ forwards (ES/PP/PK) 2009-10 12:04 2:22 0:00 (11/7/18) 2010-11 11:56 1:39 0:00 (11/11/18) 2011-12 13:17 3:03 0:01 (9/4/18) 2012-13 14:01 3:33 0:01 (3/3/15) What do these numbers tell us? Well, the first thing to note is that Clarkson is not a guy who sees the ice when his team is down a man. He is, however, a guy that who, over the past two seasons, has seen extensive power play time (I’ll talk about how he did in that time in the next section). His use in even strength situations has taken big steps forward in each of the past two seasons (+1:21 from 2010-11 to 2011-12 and +0:44 from 2011-12 to 2012-13). Where would his most recent numbers place him on the Leafs squad? His 2012-13 ES TOI/G would have ranked him 5th among forwards behind Nik Kulemin and ahead of Mikhail Grabovski. His PP TOI/G would have him ranked 1st ahead of Phil Kessel by 0:15 and beating second place Tyler Bozak by over 0:30. When judging the difficulty of Clarkson’s minutes based on his offensive-zone start percentage, it’s understandable that one might think he’s been sheltered: his lowest figure in the past five years is 49.3% in 2010-11. However, he’s been consistently in the back half of the team using that measure. It does not appear that the Devils have forwards that consistently line-up in the defensive end, like our own Jay McClement or Kulemin. The closest they had was David Steckel in 2010-11 and he wasn’t below 40% (in fact he was the only forward lower than Clarkson that year). The next component of judging the difficulty of a player’s minutes is his quality of competition. Clarkson has faced some pretty easy competition (relative to his teammates) during his time in New Jersey: He finished 10th among forwards (min 10GP) in 2009-10, 11th in 2010-11, 9th in 2011-12 and 12th in 2012-13. Last up, we need to examine which players Clarkson had for linemates. The following table shows the forwards Clarkson was most commonly paired with over the past few seasons: Season Linemate Linemate TOI % Linemate Linemate TOI % Linemate Linemate TOI % 2009-10 Niedermayer 49.2 Rolston 28.6 Zubrus 19.6 2010-11 Pelley 37.2 Zubrus 20.7 Sestito 20.2 2011-12 Tedenby 25.8 Sykora 23.4 Carter 21.5 2012-13 Elias 65.1 Zajac 42.5 Henrique 34.6 The 2012-13 season saw Clarkson with consistent line mates in Travis Zajac and Patrik Elias. Prior to that, Clarkson appeared to move around quite a bit, seeing time with such offensive dynamos as Rod Pelley, Ryan Carter and Mattias Tedenby. In fact, over the past four seasons Clarkson has only spent at least 40% of his TOI in a season with a player three times: once in 2009-10 with Rob Niedermayer and with both Elias and Zajac this season. Let’s take the bigger picture by putting these pieces together: Clarkson’s role at even strength has been strongly trending upwards of late, he isn’t a penalty killer but sees enormous ice-time on the man advantage, his linemates were only stable (and skilled) this past season, and he faced relatively sheltered minutes in New Jersey. HOW DID HE DO? A quick look at Clarkson’s possession numbers show him finishing among forwards (relative to his teammates, so using Corsi Rel) 14th in 2009-10 with a negative number, 10th in 2010-11 with a very small negative, 9th in 2011-12 with a positive number, and 1st this year with a massive positive . It’s worth noting that setting aside his relative position (so switching to Corsi On), Clarkson has been a positive possession player (on ice for more shots for than shots against) each of the past three years. Now we’ll look at Clarkson’s production statistics. The following table shows Clarkson’s production in ES/60 among New Jersey forwards with a minimum of 10GP: Season G/60 A1/60 A2/60 P/60 Rank among NJ forwards (G/A1/A2/P) 2009-10 0.87 0.54 0.54 1.95 (5/10/6/6) 2010-11 0.67 0.18 0.12 0.98 (5/15/11/11) 2011-12 1.21 0.17 0.29 1.66 (1/14/10/6) 2012-13 0.83 0.32 0.37 1.47 (2/12/4/4) To throw in some context regarding Clarkson’s linemates’ production this season, Elias finished 1st in P/60 with 1.84 and Zajac finished 7th with 1.24. The good news here is that Clarkson can score and that he’s not too terrible reliant on secondary assists in his point totals. The bad news is that he doesn’t appear to be great at distributing the puck and setting up his linemates. Clarkson’s career SH% is 9.4% but looking at it year-to-year, it’s all over the place. Considering his volatile SH%, it’s interesting to note that Clarkson finished 4th this season in shots on goal (with a SH% of 8.3%), following up last season where he finished 45th (with a SH% of 13.2%). It appears as though he’s determined to score, whether it’s by volume or precision. Giving Clarkson’s PDO (on-ice SH% + on-ice SV%; a measure of luck among other things) a glance shows that he’s been below 1000 each of the past three seasons, an indication that he may be having some bad luck (or that his natural PDO is in fact lower than 1000). Clarkson’s on-ice SH% was 13th among New Jersey forwards this season (which linemates Zajac and Elias close by), 9th in 2011-12 (despite shooting a 13.2% himself) and 14th during the 2010-11 season. It’s possible that these numbers aren’t helped by Clarkson’s unskilled linemates (prior to this season) and a New Jersey defense that contributed just 29 goals combined over the past two seasons. (Phaneuf has 21 alone). There’s one last element of Clarkson’s game that I want to look at from a production standpoint, and that’s his power play production. This past season Clarkson had the highest G/60 with the man advantage (among NJ forwards min. 10GP) and finished with 3rd amongst NJ forwards with PP points. Last season he finished 6th in power play G/60 and P/60 (amongst NJ forwards min. 10GP). Overall, what can we say about Clarkson’s production? He’s a positive possession player; he can score goals but doesn’t really set up his linemates; he shoots the puck a lot but his SH% is inconsistent; and he’s pretty good on the power play. WHERE DOES HE FIT HERE? David Clarkson has produced like a top-six forward in three of the past four seasons (and scored like one in all four). At even strength this season Clarkson shot poorly from within 10 ft. but generated 15 shots, while the season prior he scored 6 goals on 28 shots (21.4% SH%); you can expect to see Clarkson mucking it up around the net, likely flanked by Kadri and Lupul. Odds are that line will play some sheltered minutes in terms of quality of competition and o-zone starts if Carlyle can swing it. It’s also a pretty good bet that Clarkson will continue to see extensive power play time. This past season on the power play, Clarkson scored 4 goals on 11 shots from within 10 ft. The entire Leafs team scored 5 on 20 from within 10 ft. So this season, when the Leafs are on the power play you’ll just need to look to the opposing team’s crease to find Clarkson. Thanks for sticking around to the end, I know it was long (I prefer thorough) but I really wanted to give Leafs fans an in-depth look at David Clarkson. Love it or hate it, number 71 (Clarkson’s chosen number) is going to be around for a while.	2024-05-28T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8687
Hi Bob, So it's clear now. By default option "Use incremental analysis" is ON. It means that ALA creates cache files (located in Cache) directory. By default it is: C:\Program Files\Advanced Log Analyzer\Cache I made the same actions you did. So what was happened: I removed .dll from the list of ext... Hi, It's ready now. Please download the latest version of the program: m This is only updated EXE file. You need to extract executable file from zip archive into folder where the program is installed. So you will replace old executable file by this new one. Then read the button of the command line p... Hi Roman, 1) Erase cache. 2) SAVE site filters (websites.ini) profile. (I think the program is supposed to do this automatically, but it doesn't appear to). Ok. I will try to review it since January 3rd after vocations. Also, one site I monitor hasa misbehaving php program or a bad log program...no... The AFR program works fine through the command line. The error was mine: I was using the long filenames ( -config c:\program files\advanced find and replace\file1.cfg) When you asked the question I thought about this variant. The truth is that you can use long file names: just double quote them! Fo... I tried running a .bat file with 31 commands, each like this: ala.exe -analyze:SiteName "-logpath=C:\Documents and Settings\My Name\My Documents\SiteName\Logs\ex041211.log" but it doesn't seem to work. Is my command line incorrect? If so, how would I do this. No, it is not correct. You should use -...	2024-04-15T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2869
Q: To design a login page usingTitanium appelerator I have tried to design a login page using Titanium Appcellerator docs. I am not able to understand the docs properly. Can someone help me with any tutorial links on how to store the user's values in database and how to access them and login the user? A: If you are new to mobile development and how things work, well it will take a little time to get around. Actually once you get familiar with Titanium it will be a piece of cake. Take your time in going through the docs. This question is a possible duplicate of, Easy to follow beginners tutorial for Titanium mobile/studio After learning a bit you may find this website very helpful to learn how to do things in Titanium. http://www.titaniumtutorial.com/ We hope you will like Titanium as we do.	2024-03-14T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4198
Pamela Geller, one of the anti-Muslim/Islam crowd’s power players and one of the extremist Right’s most sought after speakers In what is yet another recent and troubling collaboration between the long-established anti-immigrant movement and the ever-emerging Islamophobia movement in this country, at 1pm next Tuesday, Feb 5, the group America’s Survival will hold a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, DC. The scheduled speakers are Pamela Geller of Stop Islamization of America & the American Freedom Defense Initiative, one of the leaders of the anti-Muslim/Islam movement in the US; Cliff Kincaid of America’s Survival and Accuracy in Media, one of the well-springs of the conspiracy driven far-Right; and Jerry Kenney, founder of the Kenney Broadcasting Corporation. The event will underscore both Geller’s and Kincaid’s overlapping obsessions with a conspiracy regularly referred to as “cultural jihad,” or the bigoted notion that implicit within Muslims plans to overtake and then oppress Western cultures is the incremental, peaceful supplanting of existing markers of a traditional culture with those of strident political Islam. The announcement reads: “America’s Survival holds a news conference to call on Congress to investigate the sale of Current TV to Al Jazeera, arguing that it represents a homeland security threat.” If the America’s Survival website is anything to go by, we should be very worried. Seventeen of the most recent eighteen postings there scream forth over the impending threat that “Terror TV” poses to our shared freedoms. Geller is concerned because, as she phrased it before the audience gathered for the 2013 Maryland Conservative Action Network conference (MD CAN) back in mid-January, “the [American] media enforces the blasphemy laws of Sharia.” There, Geller highlighted the topic at hand. “This is a fight I’ve been involved in, led by Cliff Kincaid,” she said, “they’re buying access.” She went on to proclaim: “It’s like the Nazis in World War II. [They’re] trying to destroy Western civilization from within….They [Al Jazeera] are a terror organization, and they should be designated as a terrorist group.” Kincaid agrees. One of the the aforementioned 17 posts is titled, “Cliff Kincaid’s 20-page PDF Presentation for U.S Congressional Staffers and other experts and activists on the threat posed by the terrorist-loving Al Jazeera.” But the ridiculousness of this spectacle of manufactured reality stretches even further, encompassing an infamous figure from the anti-immigrant, white nationalist caballing of political activists, thinkers, and writers. And that figure is Phil Kent, whose communications firm has been hired, presumably, by Kincaid to shape this paranoia into something possibly considered palatable by the Beltway press and beyond. Those familiar with Kent know his vast and long-standing ties with leaders of varying extremist movements. His CV reads, in part, like this: From 1981-82 Kent served as press secretary and public affairs advisor for Sen. Strom Thurmond. Kent then served at the anti-immigrant, ethnocentric group American Immigration Control Foundation, Inc (AIC), where he serves on its board of directors and as its spokesperson. He presently serves as the group’s executive director and vice-president of its 501(c)3 foundation of the same name. From AIC, Kent worked closely with anti-immigrant movement heavyweights, including the John Tanton founded Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR). The two groups have collaborated on campaigns like The Coalition for the Future of the American Worker and Arizona’s Proposition 200, which was also guided by Virginia Abernathy, a self-proclaimed “ethnic separatist” and recent vice-presidential candidate for the white supremacist American 3rd Position Party. Over a 12 year period of its history, AIC accepted nearly $200,000 from the pro-eugenics Pioneer Fund, which seeks to fund projects that promote, in large part, the notion that whites are genetically superior to blacks and other races. At one time Kent was director of communications for U.S. Immigration Reform PAC, formerly known as FAIR PAC, the personal political action committee of Mary Lou Tanton, John’s wife. Her PAC is staffed almost exclusively with influential figures from across her husband’s constellation of various nativist organizations. He is also chair of the national board of advisors of the anti-immigrant group ProEnglish, where he also sits on the board of directors alongside Tanton, who founded the group after being expelled from US English after a racist memo authored by Tanton was made public. ProEnglish is presently headed by Robert Vandervoort, a white nationalist activist who previously operated Chicagoland Friends of American Renaissance, a group linked to Jared Taylor. Controversially, Kent was appointed to the State of Georgia Immigration Enforcement Review board by Gov. Nathan Deal in September of 2011. Kent has been credited as a “founding member” of the neo-Confederate League of the South, an organization that has referred to slavery as “God ordained” and claimed that “the Negroes are better off today because of it.” And then there’s the leadership of AIC’s dedicated involvement within the Council of Conservative Citizens (CofCC), a group that openly refers to African-Americans as “a retrograde species of humanity”–Sam Francis, AIC’s one-time board chair and editor-in-cheif of the CofCC’s newspaper; Brent Nelson, an AIC board member and president of CofCC’s Conservative Citizens Council; John Vinson, AIC Foundation’s executive director and contributor to CofCC’s newspaper. Via those three men alone, AIC and its foundation has established connections to the white nationalist/supremacist journal The Occidental Quarterly, the American Third Position Party, and the anti-immigrant, white nationalist website VDARE.com. Yet, at the MD CAN conference, Geller mocked the fact the many sources point out that she’s involved with “hate groups.” She also boomed that, “Truth is a recognition of reality.” When one recognizes that Help Save Maryland, an official FAIR state-contact group, sponsored Geller’s MD CAN appearance, and with anti-immigrant power players like Tanton’s Center for Immigration Studies sponsoring of an event for another Islamophobia master builder, Frank Gaffney, the reality is this–the anti-immigrant and Islamophobia movements in our country are mutually exploring their intersecting investments in the ethnic fear-trade.	2023-11-20T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5040
CONSTITUTIONAL BORROWING AND NONBORROWING Published in 2003. In I•CON: International Journal of Constitutional Law 1: 196-223 Lee Epstein Jack Knight The introduction is below. Click here for the article (.pdf); click here for the data. Introduction Constitutional borrowing comes in different forms. Judges may consider decisions reached by their counterparts in other societies when resolving disputes; constitutional framers may look abroad when considering what provisions to etch into their documents; even citizens may be attentive to practices elsewhere when formulating opinions over constitutional change. Perhaps not so surprisingly, the scholarly literature reflects this variation. Numerous studies have focused on borrowing as it pertains to constitutional design; others have set their sights on the export and import of decisions (or their underlying rationale) rendered by courts, or what some scholars and judges are now deeming, more broadly, an international judicial "dialogue" or "conversation." A handful are empirical efforts, not so much geared at explaining borrowings but rather at describing when and where they have occurred. Others are largely or mostly normative in nature, asking whether courts should canvass international and comparative law when interpreting their society's constitutional documents, how to judge "when a borrowing or importation is successful," or "whether American democracy be exported to [particular] societies," among others. The bulk of essays, though, are a combination, invoking empirical arguments to shore up their normative pointssuch as offering the positive empirical implications of adopting their preferred position (e.g., either for or against borrowing). While we appreciate all these distinctions, in our view they under appreciate a key point; namely, that constitutional borrowing is a case of a larger phenomenon: institutional design. When constitutional courts choose (or do not chose) to engage in dialogues with other tribunals, or when the framers of constitutions borrow (or not) provisions from documents elsewhere, they are to be sure engaging (or not) in constitutional borrowing, but their taskto design institutions to govern their societiesis far larger than most scholars have taken that term to mean. We understand why this point remains underdeveloped in existing literature. The problem, as our emphasis above on or not implies, is that many studies of constitutional borrowing (especially the great many that rely on, in part or in full, empirical evidence) select on the dependent variable, that is, they typically focus on when the phenomenon occurswhen and why society B borrows a formal constitutional provision, a court precedent, and so on from society Aand ignore when and why it does not occurwhen and why society B does not borrow a formal constitutional provision, a court precedent, and so on from society A. This practice is problematic for many reasons but most relevant here is that it moves us away from a crucial feature of the phenomenon we are seeking to describe or explain: that societies are making (or have made) choices over whether to borrow (or not borrow) institutions from another or other societies. They are not merely, reflexively, or always borrowing, as the practice of selecting on the dependent variable might lead us to conclude; they are rather engaged in the task of designing institutions. Sometimes, in undertaking that task, they borrow from society B; sometimes, they borrow from society C; sometimes they do not borrow at all. The formal institutions governing the selection of constitutional court judges in the former republics of the Soviet Union underscore this point with some force. While these republics devised their institutions at roughly the same time, shared a common political tradition, and are geographically closeall factors scholars say induce borrowing they took at least five different approaches to judicial selection: (1) executive/legislative parity (with each able to appoint a specified number of judges); (2) executive/judicial (along with, in some instances, legislative) parity; (3) executive nomination (usually) with legislative confirmation; (4) executive/legislative/judicial parity in nomination with parliamentary confirmation; and (5) judicial appointment. Some of these choices reflect practices in Western Europe; others come from the United States; and still a third set seem quite unique. Taken collectively, though, they raise many questions: Why did states borrow from one society but not another or each other? Why, in some instances, did borrowing not occur? Why did the former republics, to put it more broadly, make the distinct institutional choices that they did? Addressing these sorts of questions, as even this brief introduction makes clear, requires us to deselect on the dependent variable, to move beyond simple accountings of what society B borrowed from society A, and when. It forces us, first, to think theoretically about matters of institutional design, about the circumstances that lead societies to borrow and not borrow; and, second, to assess the implications of the theory against evidence drawn from the world. It is these twin tasks that we take up in this article. On our theoretical account, decisions over whether to borrow or not, and from whereat least with regard to mechanisms governing the selection and retention of justices serving on (constitutional) courtsare decisions about institutional design. Such decisions, as we suggest above, are not a function of societies always, merely, or reflexively borrowing from one another. Rather we must analyze borrowinginstitutional choices, reallyas a bargaining process among relevant political actors, with their decisions reflecting their relative influence, preferences, and beliefs at the moment when the new institution is introduced, along with (and critically so) their level of uncertainty about future political circumstances. Among the interesting predictions our account yields is the following, which centers on the relationship between uncertainty and the institutional preferences of the dominant political actors in a society: As uncertainty about future political prospects increases, preferences for institutional rules governing judicial selection that lower the opportunity costs of justices (the political and other costs justices may incur when they act sincerely) also increase. In other words, political uncertainty will lead dominant political actors to prefer selection and retention mechanisms that many scholars associate with judicial independence (e.g., life tenure or long terms of office). Under certain conditions, the converse also holds: As uncertainty decreases, dominant political actors may be more inclined to create institutions that increase opportunity costs. This follows from the intuition that designers who believe they will remain in power will hope to inculcate a beholden judiciary. In the second part of the article we explore these predictions with observations gathered from the U.S. states and the former republics of the Soviet Unions. While our analyses are far from comprehensive, they are suggestive: Just as our account anticipates, choices over institutions are not merely reflexive but reflect the preferences and beliefs of the actors making the choices.	2024-07-01T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2377
Q: Titlesec puts tikz drawing below the chapter's name In an attempt to put two drawings before and after the chapter's name with the format options provided by the titlesec package, the second drawing goes to the line below the chapter's name. I tried to put code of the drawing inside the[after code] parameter, but it didn't work out. Also, with the fancyhdr package I set the header and footer but they don't show in the page containing the chapter. How can I put the second drawing in the same line after the chapter's name and make the header and footer appear in the page with the chapter? I'm compiling it with LuaLaTeX. Here's a MWE of my code: \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} \usepackage[no-math]{fontspec} \setmainfont{MyriadPro-Regular}[ BoldFont = MyriadPro-Bold, ItalicFont = MyriadPro-It, BoldItalicFont = MyriadPro-BoldIt] \usepackage{polyglossia} \setdefaultlanguage{english} \disablehyphenation \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{bookmark} \usepackage[ hmarginratio = 1:1, left = 3cm, right = 2cm, top = 3cm, bottom = 2cm, headheight = 15pt ]{geometry} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{xcolor} \definecolor{redd}{HTML}{b24550} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhf{} \rhead{Lorem Ipsum} \lhead{Ipsum Lorem} \rfoot{ \begin{tikzpicture} \fill[black] (0,0) circle (2mm); \node at (0,0) {\color{white}\thepage}; \end{tikzpicture} } \chead{ \tikz \fill[rotate=45,redd] (0,0) rectangle ++(45:.14); } \usepackage{titlesec} \titleformat{\chapter}% command [block]% shape {\centering\bfseries\huge}% format {}% label {0cm}% sep { \raisebox{.15cm}{\tikz \fill[rotate=45,redd] (0,0) rectangle ++(45:.2);} \hspace{.3cm} }% before code [ %\hspace{.3cm} \raisebox{.15cm}{\tikz \fill[rotate=45,redd] (0,0) rectangle ++(45:.2);} ]% after code \usepackage{lipsum} \begin{document} \sloppy \chapter{Lorem Ipsum} \lipsum[1-15] \end{document} A: You want to surround the title with the decorations; the easiest way is to define an appropriate macro, to which the chapter title is passed as an argument. \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report} \usepackage[no-math]{fontspec} \usepackage{polyglossia} \usepackage[ hmarginratio = 1:1, left = 3cm, right = 2cm, top = 3cm, bottom = 2cm, headheight = 15pt ]{geometry} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{titlesec} \usepackage{lipsum} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{bookmark} \setmainfont{MyriadPro-Regular}[ BoldFont = MyriadPro-Bold, ItalicFont = MyriadPro-It, BoldItalicFont = MyriadPro-BoldIt, ] \setdefaultlanguage{english} \disablehyphenation \definecolor{redd}{HTML}{b24550} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhf{} \fancyhead[R]{Lorem Ipsum} \fancyhead[L]{Ipsum Lorem} \fancyfoot[R]{% \begin{tikzpicture} \fill[black] (0,0) circle (2mm); \node at (0,0) {\color{white}\thepage}; \end{tikzpicture}% } \fancyhead[C]{% \tikz \fill[rotate=45,redd] (0,0) rectangle ++(45:.14);% } \titleformat{\chapter}% command [block]% shape {\centering\bfseries\huge}% format {}% label {0cm}% sep {\mychaptertitle} \newcommand{\mychaptertitle}[1]{% \raisebox{.15cm}{\tikz \fill[rotate=45,redd] (0,0) rectangle ++(45:.2);}% \hspace{.3cm}% #1% \hspace{.3cm}% \raisebox{.15cm}{\tikz \fill[rotate=45,redd] (0,0) rectangle ++(45:.2);}% } \begin{document} \chapter{Lorem Ipsum} \lipsum[1-25] \end{document} (For producing the image I didn't load fontspec and polyglossia.) I massaged a bit your preamble, in order to separate loading of packages, settings and command definitions.	2023-09-02T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9423
/* This file is part of the WebKit open source project. This file has been generated by generate-bindings.pl. DO NOT MODIFY! This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. / #ifndef JSGeoposition_h #define JSGeoposition_h #if ENABLE(GEOLOCATION) #include "JSDOMBinding.h" #include <runtime/JSGlobalObject.h> #include <runtime/JSObjectWithGlobalObject.h> #include <runtime/ObjectPrototype.h> namespace WebCore { class Geoposition; class JSGeoposition : public JSDOMWrapper { typedef JSDOMWrapper Base; public: JSGeoposition(JSC::Structure, JSDOMGlobalObject, PassRefPtr<Geoposition>); static JSC::JSObject createPrototype(JSC::ExecState, JSC::JSGlobalObject); virtual bool getOwnPropertySlot(JSC::ExecState, const JSC::Identifier& propertyName, JSC::PropertySlot&); virtual bool getOwnPropertyDescriptor(JSC::ExecState, const JSC::Identifier& propertyName, JSC::PropertyDescriptor&); static const JSC::ClassInfo s_info; static JSC::Structure* createStructure(JSC::JSGlobalData& globalData, JSC::JSValue prototype) { return JSC::Structure::create(globalData, prototype, JSC::TypeInfo(JSC::ObjectType, StructureFlags), AnonymousSlotCount, &s_info); } Geoposition* impl() const { return m_impl.get(); } private: RefPtr<Geoposition> m_impl; protected: static const unsigned StructureFlags = JSC::OverridesGetOwnPropertySlot \| Base::StructureFlags; }; JSC::JSValue toJS(JSC::ExecState, JSDOMGlobalObject, Geoposition); Geoposition toGeoposition(JSC::JSValue); class JSGeopositionPrototype : public JSC::JSObjectWithGlobalObject { typedef JSC::JSObjectWithGlobalObject Base; public: static JSC::JSObject* self(JSC::ExecState, JSC::JSGlobalObject); static const JSC::ClassInfo s_info; static JSC::Structure* createStructure(JSC::JSGlobalData& globalData, JSC::JSValue prototype) { return JSC::Structure::create(globalData, prototype, JSC::TypeInfo(JSC::ObjectType, StructureFlags), AnonymousSlotCount, &s_info); } JSGeopositionPrototype(JSC::JSGlobalData& globalData, JSC::JSGlobalObject* globalObject, JSC::Structure* structure) : JSC::JSObjectWithGlobalObject(globalData, globalObject, structure) { } protected: static const unsigned StructureFlags = Base::StructureFlags; }; // Attributes JSC::JSValue jsGeopositionCoords(JSC::ExecState, JSC::JSValue, const JSC::Identifier&); JSC::JSValue jsGeopositionTimestamp(JSC::ExecState, JSC::JSValue, const JSC::Identifier&); } // namespace WebCore #endif // ENABLE(GEOLOCATION) #endif	2023-10-31T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7880
In the three years since Persona 5's original release, I've thought about it almost every day. Its lavish style gracefully captures its spirit of rebellion and breathes life into its dynamic combat system. The evocative, banging soundtrack perfectly encapsulates the emotion of each moment. The downtime spent in Tokyo with your friends brings you closer to each of them, invigorating your fight for what's right. All those qualities feed into a bold story that unapologetically puts its foot down against the injustices that reflect our own society. The extended version, Persona 5 Royal, brings the heat all over again. But beyond a plethora of superb gameplay refinements and features that improve an already-rich RPG comes a momentous new story arc seeded within the original narrative and paid off in full by the end. It delivers something genuinely surprising, leading to awe-inspiring moments and emotional conclusions that recontextualize what I thought the game was. Through its lengthy 120-hour runtime, Persona 5 Royal proves itself as the definitive version of a modern classic. The minute you start P5R, you're given the fantastic in media res introduction that brilliantly showcases the ride you're in for--and provides a glimpse at the Royal-exclusive character Kasumi. After this teaser, you're brought to the chronological start of the story that then walks you through the events that lit the fire inside our protagonist (aka Joker) and kicked off his journey as a virtuous trickster. The opening hours may take some time to pick the pace back up, but by easing you into the game's systems, you're set up for the rest of its flow. P5R expertly intertwines the daily structure of living life as a Japanese high school student and a supernatural-powered vigilante fighting evil in an alternate dimension. Because the social sim elements and RPG dungeon crawling are woven together seamlessly, you grow attached to the very world you're fighting to change. It's a format that's been the series foundation since Persona 3, and it is at its most effective here in P5R with a range of possibilities and new minor UI elements that help communicate your options. Carefully choosing how to spend your precious days and nights by balancing school life, relationships, and your duties as a Phantom Thief throughout the calendar year even makes the mundane exciting. Best girl Makoto is down to throw hands while being a straight-A student. You'll spend time with characters to learn about what drives them and witness their growth as they internalize and overcome their traumatic pasts. Among your connections are kindhearted adults exhausted by a system that has failed them and teenagers haunted by their past and dreading their future. These are very human stories that often hit close to home and inspire in their own small way (although some are inherently awkward). And these relationships with your Confidants bestow powers you carry into battle. P5R makes the Confidant process easier with new scenes, in the form of phone calls, to help rank them up faster, effectively granting the opportunity to see more of these enticing stories. It's important because there are a few new Confidants to bond with as well. The key new opportunities are with Goro Akechi, who is now someone you choose to spend time with, which eventually leads to a better understanding and development of him this time around. Kasumi Yoshizawa has been touted as the big addition to the roster; she fits in well and you'll see that her desire to be an elite competitive gymnast comes from a darker, complicated place. Although her screen time is limited in the first half of the game, she becomes vital to the delivery of the new story beats and a welcome ally to fight alongside the rest of the gang you know and love. Above all is the school counselor Takuto Maruki, a tremendous character who truly elevates P5R's narrative. He's an excellent thematic fit, offering perspectives on mental health that hadn't been touched in the original. His story is cleverly integrated into the core narrative, and he's also key for unlocking what's beyond Persona 5's original story and some of P5R's best moments. Persona 5 Royal wouldn't be what it is without Dr. Maruki. Relationships are what drive you, but the hard-fought battles take place in the Metaverse, a physical manifestation of corrupted cognition. Demonic shadows lurk as you work to metaphysically crush the distorted desires of abusers who have oppressed your friends and many others--and you do so with a hyper-stylized, confident swagger. With most Palaces comes a new party member and story thread about what led them to join the cause. These aren't solely tragic backstories for the sake of being dramatic, though--it's how you come to understand their fighting spirit before they become a beloved comrade. Taking on these story-critical Palaces never loses its luster, as their trippy, imaginative designs and enemies allure you into the wild battles throughout. At times, the very premise of Palaces is subverted to great effect; sometimes evildoers aren't the only ones who need a change of heart. It further compels you to seek what lies ahead. Beyond a plethora of superb gameplay refinements and features that improve an already-rich RPG comes a momentous new story arc seeded within the original narrative and paid off in full by the end. Palaces feature some small but smart changes in P5R, too. Rearranged dungeon layouts accommodate Joker's new grappling hook, letting you swing to new areas. They often lead to Will Seeds, a collectible that replenishes SP and mold into useful accessories. Returning players may also notice that some dungeon layouts have been streamlined, making exploration smoother. Mementos, the Metaverse's collection of procedurally generated floors, also gets some much-needed overhauls. Driving around to progress in these twisted subway depths as the Morgana bus was novel, but grew repetitive in the original game. P5R throws in new mechanics like collecting flowers and stamps to cash in for useful items and perks to boost battle rewards. And the most welcome change is that, instead of the same song throughout, new tunes play at deeper levels. Joker and Kasumi be like v O_O. Aside from stealthily navigating these surreal dungeons, you'll be spending a ton of time engaged in P5R's dynamic turn-based combat. It's swift and stylish, and builds on the strong foundation of Shin Megami Tensei, which has you focusing on exploiting elemental weaknesses and earning extra turns. Standard enemies can be fodder once their affinities are exposed, but tougher ones, minibosses, and bosses tap into combat's intricacies. P5R layers more onto battles, like the absurd Showtime attacks that have two party members partner up for a high-damage combo that initiates in clutch situations. The powered-up Baton Pass mechanic is even more crucial as it can boost damage and replenish HP and SP. And boss fights now have different phases that present new, tough challenges that require you to think more tactically, testing your mastery of the combat system. The dripping swagger of it all extends to the snappy and efficient UI that helps keep up combat's fast pace. Everything unfolds in such a quick and ridiculously stylish fashion that you can't help but fall in love with it and the Phantom Thieves who pull off all these flashy moves. Even in a second version of the game, executing all-out attacks and watching them unfold hasn't lost one bit of its charm. Never has a turn-based combat system been this thrilling. Persona 5 Royal is many things: a collection of small inspiring stories, an ambitious harrowing journey with some good friends, a stunning visual and auditory experience, a resounding call to action. But P5R isn't here to just look pretty. Beneath the mask of its unrelenting style and charming silliness are the friendships you naturally form and motivate you to follow the fight through to the very end. From their persona awakenings to the moment you see them fully realize their goals, your fellow Phantom Thieves become your ride or die in this heavy-hitting story. In targeting perpetrators of sexual assault, worker exploitation, and vile authoritarianism, Persona 5 draws a clear line in the sand--people like this have no place in our society and deserve no mercy. There is no middle ground, no compromise to be made, no both sides-ism. Your crew's personal drama sometimes seeps into the broader message, but not without illustrating why you're fighting so hard to change things. Even when doubt about their vigilante ways starts to creep in, characters work through it, stick to their ideals, and realize there wasn't really a choice in the matter. Morgana said eat the rich. Admittedly, P5R is often subtle as a brick. It's easy to nitpick where its writing falls into being too simplistic or a bit rote--although it has improved in some ways, it can still be crude at times. It isn't particularly nuanced in its storytelling, but it doesn't have to be. In being clear as day in its narrative, the messages and characterizations are unmistakable. It's also so wild to me that the game's almost-caricature villains have become less and less far-fetched in just the three years since the original release--the blatant abuse of power, their wrongdoings laid bare, and the masses uninterested in seeing them face consequences. The conclusion to the original narrative arc just hits differently now, and the game's dramatic battles have become increasingly cathartic. Transitioning into the Royal-exclusive third semester, there's a tonal shift that's effortlessly executed. Stranger things begin to happen, in an oddly unsettling way, especially during the seemingly blissful winter. Here, P5R takes a turn toward genuine moral quandaries. In this third semester, there's a bit more to learn about your friends, and there's one final Palace to infiltrate. And it is, without a doubt, the best one in the entire game. These new events are beautifully captured with new Royal-exclusive songs that amplify what was already an iconic, genre-bending soundtrack. Kasumi fits right in fighting alongside the Phantom Thieves. The mysteries within will surprise you, and fascinating revelations about characters propel them well beyond who they presented themselves to be. The pace at which it's told and how the series of events are framed paint Persona 5 in a new, captivating light while staying true to its original spirit. This new story arc achieves a grand sense of scale and finality, yet captures a more intimate, personal tone. And it all builds up to what's also the greatest boss battle in all of the game, pushing your combat abilities to their limits. P5R effectively solves one of the original's shortcomings: its somewhat abrupt end. In the vanilla version, even after over 100 hours, it felt like there was still a missing piece; P5R has that missing piece. There's 15 to 20 hours worth of excellent content that takes Persona 5 in a different direction while going all-in on its best qualities. It gives a dramatic, stunning finish even after the original's bombastic, over-the-top conclusion. These new events are beautifully captured with new Royal-exclusive songs that amplify what was already an iconic, genre-bending soundtrack. I always recognized "Life Will Change" and "Rivers In The Desert" as perfect examples of how Persona 5 uses its music to portray precise emotions of the moment--songs that exude the infectious confidence of the Phantom Thieves going in to take a corrupted heart. As the case with our old favorites, the new evocative jams become a powerful narrative device. "I Believe" stands as a bold recollection of the long, hard-fought journey that culminates to one last battle, while "Throw Away Your Mask" carries the hint of reluctance between a clash of ideals. The new Palace's theme has a wistfulness that permeates the scenarios that unfold. Music is inseparable from the Persona experience--the series thrives because of it--and somehow, some way P5R delivers again to make an even stronger impact. The downtime gives you the opportunity to reflect and just chill with your crew. So, just like in the original, the song "Sunset Bridge" brought my time with P5R to a close. It's a bittersweet tune that's used throughout the game to signify a moment of clarity for its characters. But as the final background track before having to leave the game behind, it became my own personal moment of clarity, realizing just how much I've cherished my time here, and now for all-new reasons. As P5R comes to a close, it tries to ease you into its end with heartfelt scenes, some new and some familiar. But in doing so, it only makes it harder to say goodbye again. Persona 5 Royal is many things: a collection of small inspiring stories, an ambitious harrowing journey with some good friends, a stunning visual and auditory experience, a resounding call to action. By refining what was already great and building on its best qualities with a brilliant new story arc, Persona 5 Royal asserts itself as an unforgettable and empowering RPG that should be recognized as one of the best games of our time.	2023-08-29T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9783
/* * Very simple jQuery Color Picker * https://github.com/tkrotoff/jquery-simplecolorpicker * * Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Tanguy Krotoff <tkrotoff@gmail.com> * * Licensed under the MIT license / (function($) { 'use strict'; /* * Constructor. / var SimpleColorPicker = function(select, options) { this.init('simplecolorpicker', select, options); }; /* * SimpleColorPicker class. / SimpleColorPicker.prototype = { constructor: SimpleColorPicker, init: function(type, select, options) { var self = this; self.type = type; self.$select = $(select); var selectValue = self.$select.val(); self.options = $.extend({}, $.fn.simplecolorpicker.defaults, options); self.$select.hide(); // Trick: fix span alignment // When a span does not contain any text, its alignment is not correct var fakeText = '    '; var fakeText = '<i class="fa fa-check"></i>' self.$colorList = null; if (self.options.picker) { var selectText = self.$select.find('> option:selected').text(); self.$icon = $('<span class="simplecolorpicker icon"' + ' title="' + selectText + '"' + ' style="background-color: ' + selectValue + ';"' + ' role="button" tabindex="0">' + fakeText + '</span>').insertAfter(self.$select); self.$icon.on('click.' + self.type, $.proxy(self.showPicker, self)); self.$picker = $('<span class="simplecolorpicker picker"></span>').appendTo(document.body); self.$colorList = self.$picker; // Hide picker when clicking outside $(document).on('mousedown.' + self.type, $.proxy(self.hidePicker, self)); self.$picker.on('mousedown.' + self.type, $.proxy(self.mousedown, self)); } else { self.$inline = $('<span class="simplecolorpicker inline"></span>').insertAfter(self.$select); self.$colorList = self.$inline; } // Build the list of colors // <span class="selected" title="Green" style="background-color: #7bd148;" role="button"></span> self.$select.find('> option').each(function() { var $option = $(this); var color = $option.val(); var title = $option.text(); var selected = ''; if ($option.prop('selected') === true \|\| selectValue === color) { selected = 'class="selected"'; } var $colorSpan = $('<span ' + selected + ' title="' + title + '"' + ' style="background-color: ' + color + ';"' + ' data-color="' + color + '"' + ' role="button" tabindex="0">' + fakeText + '</span>'); self.$colorList.append($colorSpan); $colorSpan.on('click.' + self.type, $.proxy(self.colorSpanClicked, self)); }); }, /* * Changes the selected color. * * @param color the hexadecimal color to select, ex: '#fbd75b' / selectColor: function(color) { var self = this; var $colorSpan = self.$colorList.find('> span').filter(function() { return $(this).data('color').toLowerCase() === color.toLowerCase(); }); if ($colorSpan.length > 0) { self.selectColorSpan($colorSpan); } else { console.error("The given color '" + color + "' could not be found"); } }, showPicker: function() { var bootstrapArrowWidth = 16; // Empirical value var pos = this.$icon.offset(); this.$picker.css({ left: pos.left + this.$icon.width() / 2 - bootstrapArrowWidth, // Middle of the icon top: pos.top + this.$icon.outerHeight() }); this.$picker.show(this.options.delay); }, hidePicker: function() { this.$picker.hide(this.options.delay); }, /* * Selects the given span inside $colorList. * * The given span becomes the selected one. * It also changes the HTML select value, this will emit the 'change' event. / selectColorSpan: function($colorSpan) { var color = $colorSpan.data('color'); var title = $colorSpan.prop('title'); // Mark this span as the selected one $colorSpan.siblings().removeClass('selected'); $colorSpan.addClass('selected'); if (this.options.picker) { this.$icon.css('background-color', color); this.$icon.prop('title', title); this.hidePicker(); } // Change HTML select value this.$select.val(color); }, /* * The user clicked on a color inside $colorList. / colorSpanClicked: function(e) { // When a color is clicked, make it the new selected one this.selectColorSpan($(e.target)); this.$select.trigger('change'); }, /* * Prevents the mousedown event from "eating" the click event. / mousedown: function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); e.preventDefault(); }, destroy: function() { if (this.options.picker) { this.$icon.off('.' + this.type); this.$icon.remove(); $(document).off('.' + this.type); } this.$colorList.off('.' + this.type); this.$colorList.remove(); this.$select.removeData(this.type); this.$select.show(); } }; /* * Plugin definition. * How to use: $('#id').simplecolorpicker() / $.fn.simplecolorpicker = function(option) { var args = $.makeArray(arguments); args.shift(); // For HTML element passed to the plugin return this.each(function() { var $this = $(this), data = $this.data('simplecolorpicker'), options = typeof option === 'object' && option; if (data === undefined) { $this.data('simplecolorpicker', (data = new SimpleColorPicker(this, options))); } if (typeof option === 'string') { data[option].apply(data, args); } }); }; /* * Default options. */ $.fn.simplecolorpicker.defaults = { // Animation delay delay: 0, // Show the picker or make it inline picker: false }; })(jQuery);	2024-01-19T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1443
Introducing Bootstrap Icons Say hello to Bootstrap Icons, our very first icon set that’s designed entirely by our team and open sourced for everyone to use, with or without Bootstrap. It’s still in alpha, but we’re incredibly excited to share it with y’all ahead of our v5 alpha. For the longest time, I’ve wanted to design an icon set to better lean how to better draw with different pen tools and to better understand SVGs. In the last several months I’ve used a few different applications, done nearly five style iterations, and finally settled on a single direction. The result? Over 200 icons to start. I’ve designed these initial icons in Figma and exported them as SVGs. The plan is to share that Figma file publicly once it’s cleaned up and the icon set is more stable. While Bootstrap Icons are first and foremost designed to work with Bootstrap’s components, they can be used anywhere. They’re an entirely separate project and package from Bootstrap, so you can easily use them in any project, or use any other icon set alongside Bootstrap’s CSS and JavaScript. They’re also open sourced under the MIT license, so you’re free to download, use, and customize as you need. This is an alpha release for now, so bear with us as we get familiar with creating and managing hundreds of SVGs. and more icons will be added over time. Head to https://icons.getbootstrap.com to explore and download! <3, @mdo & team	2024-05-04T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/4711
/* * bn16.h - interface to 16-bit bignum routines. / struct BigNum; struct BnBasePrecomp; void bnInit_16(void); void bnEnd_16(struct BigNum bn); int bnPrealloc_16(struct BigNum bn, unsigned bits); int bnCopy_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const src); int bnSwap_16(struct BigNum a, struct BigNum b); void bnNorm_16(struct BigNum bn); void bnExtractBigBytes_16(struct BigNum const bn, unsigned char dest, unsigned lsbyte, unsigned dlen); int bnInsertBigBytes_16(struct BigNum bn, unsigned char const src, unsigned lsbyte, unsigned len); void bnExtractLittleBytes_16(struct BigNum const bn, unsigned char dest, unsigned lsbyte, unsigned dlen); int bnInsertLittleBytes_16(struct BigNum bn, unsigned char const src, unsigned lsbyte, unsigned len); unsigned bnLSWord_16(struct BigNum const src); int bnReadBit_16(struct BigNum const bn, unsigned bit); unsigned bnBits_16(struct BigNum const src); int bnAdd_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const src); int bnSub_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const src); int bnCmpQ_16(struct BigNum const a, unsigned b); int bnSetQ_16(struct BigNum dest, unsigned src); int bnAddQ_16(struct BigNum dest, unsigned src); int bnSubQ_16(struct BigNum dest, unsigned src); int bnCmp_16(struct BigNum const a, struct BigNum const b); int bnSquare_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const src); int bnMul_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const a, struct BigNum const b); int bnMulQ_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const a, unsigned b); int bnDivMod_16(struct BigNum q, struct BigNum r, struct BigNum const n, struct BigNum const d); int bnMod_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const src, struct BigNum const d); unsigned bnModQ_16(struct BigNum const src, unsigned d); int bnExpMod_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const n, struct BigNum const exp, struct BigNum const mod); int bnDoubleExpMod_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const n1, struct BigNum const e1, struct BigNum const n2, struct BigNum const e2, struct BigNum const mod); int bnTwoExpMod_16(struct BigNum n, struct BigNum const exp, struct BigNum const mod); int bnGcd_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const a, struct BigNum const b); int bnInv_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BigNum const src, struct BigNum const mod); int bnLShift_16(struct BigNum dest, unsigned amt); void bnRShift_16(struct BigNum dest, unsigned amt); unsigned bnMakeOdd_16(struct BigNum n); int bnBasePrecompBegin_16(struct BnBasePrecomp pre, struct BigNum const base, struct BigNum const mod, unsigned maxebits); void bnBasePrecompEnd_16(struct BnBasePrecomp pre); int bnBasePrecompExpMod_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BnBasePrecomp const pre, struct BigNum const exp, struct BigNum const mod); int bnDoubleBasePrecompExpMod_16(struct BigNum dest, struct BnBasePrecomp const pre1, struct BigNum const exp1, struct BnBasePrecomp const pre2, struct BigNum const exp2, struct BigNum const mod);	2024-03-11T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2018
Lactate flux during carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia: correlation with various point-of-care monitors. The ability to assess the brain-at-risk during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) under general anesthesia remains a major clinical problem. Point-of-care monitoring can potentially dictate changes to management intraoperatively. In this observational study, we examined the correlation between a series of point-of-care monitors and lactate flux during CEA. Both neurosurgeons and vascular surgeons participated in the study. The patients underwent arterial-jugular venous blood sampling for oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and lactate, n = 26; bispectral index (BIS) monitoring ipsilateral to side of surgery, n = 26; raw and processed electroencephalogram (EEG), n = 22; and bi-frontal cerebral oximetry using the Fore-Sight monitor, n = 20. One patient experienced a new neurological deficit when assessed at 24 hr following surgery. Lactate flux into the brain was correlated with the greatest decrease in cerebral oximetry with carotid cross-clamping; lactate efflux was correlated with the least. The most noticeable changes in processed EEG (density spectral analysis) were also seen with lactate influx, but at a slower time resolution than cerebral oximetry. Loss of autoregulatory behaviour was demonstrated with lactate influx; however, no correlation was seen between lactate flux and BIS monitoring. There was a correlation between cerebral oximetry and lactate flux during carotid cross-clamping. The Fore-Sight monitor may be of value as a point-of-care monitor during CEA under general anesthesia. A novel finding of this study is lactate flux into the brain in the presence of a large difference in cerebral oxygenation during cross-clamping of the carotid artery. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT000737334.	2024-05-22T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8814
Receive the latest entertainment-news updates in your inbox Legendary musician Paul Simon and his wife, Edie Brickell, are facing criminal charges after a domestic dispute at their New Canaan residence Saturday night. (Published Monday, April 28, 2014) Updated at 9:27 PM CDT on Monday, Apr 28, 2014 Paul Simon and his wife Edie Brickell were arrested over the weekend in Connecticut after police investigated a "family dispute," the New Canaan Police Department said. Police responded at 8:20 p.m. on Saturday after receiving a 911 hangup call, gathered information and found probable cause to arrest Simon, 72, and Brickell, 47. Both were both charged with disorderly conduct, according to a news release from New Canaan police, and released on a promise to appear in court. Famous Mug Shots The couple's attorney, Allan Cramer, said there was "a push" involved, and it was minor. "On a scale of one to 10, it was a one," he said. It was not clear who pushed whom, but the attorney said Brickell's mother was the one who called police. Rock Stars: Then and Now Simon and Brickell were holding hands when they arrived at court for their arraignment on Monday. They spoke briefly with the judge, who declined to issue protective orders at the request of Simon and Brickell. "Both of us are fine together. We had an argument. It's atypical," Simon told the judge. Simon told the judge that he and Brickell have no reason to fear each other. "He's no threat to me at all," Brickell told the judge. “We sent officers to investigate, determined that there was an altercation and dispute and we had probable cause,” New Canaan Police Chief Leon Krolikowski told NBC Connecticut. “In fact, we're obligated to make an arrest under Connecticut general statutes for domestic violence, which this case is considered.” The couple was not taken into custody. Simon and Brickell were married in 1992, have three children together and live in New Canaan. Staff at Simon's music company had no comment and a representative for Brickell referred NBC Connecticut to the couple's attorney. Brickell is widely known for 1988's "Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars," the debut album by Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, which went to No. 4 on the Billboard 200 chart and featured the hit song "What I Am." One of the most well-known musicians of his generation, Simon has won 12 Grammys. "Bridge Over Troubled Water," "Still Crazy After All These Years" and "Graceland" were all awarded albums of the year. In 2003 he was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for his work as half of the duo Simon and Garfunkel. He is a member of The Songwriters Hall of Fame, and is in the Rock n' Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Simon and Garfunkel and as a solo artist. This is Simon's third marriage. He was previously married to Peggy Harper, from 1969 to 1975, and to "Star Wars" actress Carrie Fisher, from 1983 to 1984. The case has been continued to May 16. Editor's Note: New Canaan Police initially told NBC Connecticut Simon was facing a domestic violence charge, but now say the singer was charged with disorderly conduct.	2024-06-21T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5578
Bacteria by Eric Chaet Bacteria have a big advantage they have no nucleus not a thought in their head pure instinct getting grub & avoiding dying or so it appears here at world headquarters— maybe this or that one is different from the others maybe they’re all different from one another— I’m working from images produced by people with excellent cameras & microscopes spies, as it were— during tough times or where easily ingested nutrients occur they’ll drift into colonial tribes & adapt to one another’s proximity— otherwise it’s every cell for itself & when they’re fit & satisfied they grow & become two— similar but not exactly the same as packages of salty or sweet snacks bottles & cans of beer or carbonated drinks legislation, dollars, ball games— & I expect you know people like that some sicken & die, some prosper without much on their mind & take those concerned with, say, past & on-going injustices or the well-being of humanity, maybe (I don’t mean the virulent strain of hypocrites)— as in-sane, un-fit, confused & they eat or swim around them & try to attach themselves to the most likely source of nutrients so as to attract the least attention of predators out trying to make a living or patrolling macrophages.	2023-11-07T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5191
Oregon State Police Taser Autistic Child Found Wandering Naked Family speaks to Infowars.comAdan Salazar When police found a confused and naked 11-year-old girl wandering a stretch of highway along the I-5 corridor in Oregon, they didn’t exactly offer her a ride home. Instead the responding officer determined the best course of action would be to Taser her. This past Sunday morning, cab driver Adam Bednar was aghast when he came upon the adolescent walking down the highway seemingly confused. She was nude and threw Bednar a smile, indicating she wasn’t fully aware of where she was or what she was doing. "I thought she was drugged. I thought she was on bath salts, too much meth, something," said Bednar. "Bednar says he drove alongside her while he called police," KDRV.com reported. "He says the trooper who arrived called for her to stop, and when she didn't respond threatened twice to taze her." According to the girl’s father, who has contacted Infowars.com, the girl was autistic and didn’t respond to officers due to her ailment. "After giving no response, two little red dots appeared on her back, then metal barbs," KDRV wrote. "She seized up, then she just fell face first on the ground," Bednar described. "Just face first on the ground." Adding insult to injury, Oregon State Police officials initially defended the officer’s reaction saying Tasering the 11-year-old girl was necessary to prevent her from wandering further down the road "and putting herself in danger." But Bednar says that explanation doesn’t hold up. "She wasn't going off the road, she was set on walking down the freeway," Bednar told KDRV. "And I think that, had [the trooper] waited for back up, they could have gotten her without the Taser." The girl’s father also took issue with KDRV’s reportage, which frequently referred to the girl as a "young woman," a "woman" and a "juvenile." The report also neglected to give her age. "They keep calling her a ‘woman’ …she is 11 years old. Since when is an 11-year-old kid with the mind of a 3-year-old a ‘woman’?" the girl’s father, who listens to Infowars, told us. "She is very gentle and non combative. If the police cannot apprehend a child who is cooperative without Tasing then what would be the alternative? Shooting her?" Fortunately, police were gracious enough not to charge the girl or her family with a crime. As we have detailed numerous times, Tasers are designed to be used only in emergency situations, as a last resort before lethal force; however, police frequently employ the sometimes deadly devices to force compliance. KDRV’s account of the event also highlights the incestuous relationship between media and police. Instead of questioning authorities and pressing officers on why they would Tase an 11-year-old, the compliant reporters attempt to convince viewers they’re remaining objective and presenting all the facts. As her father mentioned, the reporters also intentionally misled viewers over the girl’s age, referring to her as a "woman." This site contains copyrighted material the use of which in some cases has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available for the purposes of news reporting, education, research, comment, and criticism, which constitutes a 'fair use' of such copyrighted material in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. It is our policy to respond to notices of alleged infringement that comply with the DMCA and other applicable intellectual property laws. It is our policy to remove material from public view that we believe in good faith to be copyrighted material that has been illegally copied and distributed by any of our members or users.	2023-11-22T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1346
I assume it's not a missing income. I remember being rejected twice for a missing credit file. It can take some time until your SSN is in the system. So I waited until Credit Karma was able to pull my report (approx 3-4 weeks). I was instantly approved later on when I applied (online) for a secured credit card. If you can't wait I would go to a BofA or Capital One branch in person and explain your situation. Yeah I'm surprised at capital one being the bank.... we started getting unsolicited card offers from them roughly a month after we arrived - but clearly they had our address from something (whatever it was, it wasn't other credit as we didn't have any at that stage). That's possibly wingpin's issue, if I understand correctly on a second read, you are not actually living in the US yet? Wow I'm surprised too. Concerning the income, my bank had me input my income in the previous year, and made me understand how it includes savings, monetary gifts, even social benefits. Assuming her credit profile wasnt found in the system, theyre supposed to ask for extra docs to verify identity. Likely to be a mistake of some sort. @Wingpin Did you notice a hard pull on creditkarma? Quick update for anyone who might be interested, just completed the amex global transfer (UK to US) over the phone so am approved for a credit card. Should have just done this in the first place; just logically I was under the impressed a secured credit card is the basic first step. Silly me Quick update for anyone who might be interested, just completed the amex global transfer (UK to US) over the phone so am approved for a credit card. Should have just done this in the first place; just logically I was under the impressed a secured credit card is the basic first step. Silly me Click to expand... Yup, for those countries where you can transfer Amex - it doesn't work for all of them - it should be the first thing you do. Quick update for anyone who might be interested, just completed the amex global transfer (UK to US) over the phone so am approved for a credit card. Should have just done this in the first place; just logically I was under the impressed a secured credit card is the basic first step. Silly me Click to expand... Hi @Wingpin would you mind sharing what details (or proof if any) they asked for? Hey Lottic, there's a list on the Global Transfer AMEX page for the details you should have ready for the application. Over the phone, I gave them: - US address - US phone number - AMEX card number in UK - SSN number - Employment details (annual salary/income and company name) and total assets/liabilities. For example I told them what I have in total in checking and savings accounts and what investments I have etc etc. What I didn't have to give them (though it was mentioned on the website as included in the information to have ready) is: - US account - Passport info They asked 2-3 times to confirm they had permission to check my credit (non existent in US). Overall, it took maybe 20 minutes on the phone speaking to two reps. There was little wait time and they were very polite and prompt. Hey Lottic, there's a list on the Global Transfer AMEX page for the details you should have ready for the application. Over the phone, I gave them: - US address - US phone number - AMEX card number in UK - SSN number - Employment details (annual salary/income and company name) and total assets/liabilities. For example I told them what I have in total in checking and savings accounts and what investments I have etc etc. What I didn't have to give them (though it was mentioned on the website as included in the information to have ready) is: - US account - Passport info They asked 2-3 times to confirm they had permission to check my credit (non existent in US). Overall, it took maybe 20 minutes on the phone speaking to two reps. There was little wait time and they were very polite and prompt. @lottic Hi, my UK employment details were ok. Address had to be US residential/permanent one as far as I know, I don't think they'd send it overseas, and they wouldn't send it to a temp address that I'm at at the moment. This was to replace the 14-year old child's card, correct? Yes, the old card is valid until you receive the new one. We've traveled twice out the country while waiting for the new one and had no problems. We also traveled a few times between when she turned 14 and when we realized we were supposed to get a new one with no questions being asked. So tbh I'm not sure how essential it really is.... but it's what you're supposed to do so we did it. Click to expand... Hi guys just updating you about my son who turned 14 last year( 11 month ago.). My son I-90 approved and card produced. We didn’t receive it yet but I received text message and online says it’s approved too. Thank you Jesus. Thanks guys for your great advise in our immigration journey God bless you all. Hi guys just updating you about my son who turned 14 last year( 11 month ago.). My son I-90 approved and card produced. We didn’t receive it yet but I received text message and online says it’s approved too. Thank you Jesus. Thanks guys for your great advise in our immigration journey God bless you all. Click to expand... The info in the new card says the card holder residence since 00/00/ same date exact like the old GC. only the expiration date is different which is mean the old one never become expire while you’re u are waiting for the new one. Just info for those who apply or renew their GC. The info in the new card says the card holder residence since 00/00/ same date exact like the old GC. only the expiration date is different which is mean the old one never become expire while you’re u are waiting for the new one. Just info for those who apply or renew their GC. Click to expand... Of course the resident since date remains the same. Even if one applies for a replacement card 10 years down the road after the initial card expires, resident since date will not change. Hi guys just updating you about my son who turned 14 last year( 11 month ago.). My son I-90 approved and card produced. We didn’t receive it yet but I received text message and online says it’s approved too. Thank you Jesus. Thanks guys for your great advise in our immigration journey God bless you all. Click to expand... We got notification card produced Oct 20th (also replacement card for 14-yo). We filed I90 late November last year so almost exactly 11 months. Just a question re: taxes. We activated our diversity visas late March this year and have been out of the country since then, doing the proper move in mid February. I've read that I'll need to ensure I've filed taxes so as not to raise any issues on arrival, even though we haven't earned any income in the states this year. The problem is our social security numbers never actually arrived with at our friend's address in the states like I thought they were supposed to, so I'm assuming it will be a bit tricky to do that paperwork without these. I figured I'll have to go into an office to sort out our SSNs once we're there. Will we be ok to wait until we're there, as long as we do our taxes before the deadline, which I see is in April? Just a question re: taxes. We activated our diversity visas late March this year and have been out of the country since then, doing the proper move in mid February. I've read that I'll need to ensure I've filed taxes so as not to raise any issues on arrival, even though we haven't earned any income in the states this year. The problem is our social security numbers never actually arrived with at our friend's address in the states like I thought they were supposed to, so I'm assuming it will be a bit tricky to do that paperwork without these. I figured I'll have to go into an office to sort out our SSNs once we're there. Will we be ok to wait until we're there, as long as we do our taxes before the deadline, which I see is in April?	2024-03-01T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8610
Seven of our favorite moments from Zuck's congressional testimony 11 April 2018 Transcript [BLANK_AUDIO] Facebook is an idealistic and optimistic company. For most of our assistants, we focused on all the good that connecting people can do. But it's clear now that we didn't enough to prevent these tools from being used for harm as well. We didn't take a broad enough view of our responsibility. And that was a big mistake. And it was my mistake. And I'm sorry. Facebook and other online companies will not or cannot fix the privacy invasions, then we are going to have to. We, the congress, Your user agreement sucks. [LAUGH] You spot me 75 IQ points. If I can figure it out, you can figure it out. The purpose of that user agreement, is to cover Facebook's rear end. It's not to inform your users about their rights. What did we tell our constituents given what has happened here? Why we should let you self regulate. What would you tell people in South Carolina that given all the things we just discovered here it's a good idea for us to rely upon you to regulate your own business practices. Well Senator, my position is not that there should be no regulation. I think the internet is increasingly- Do you embrace regulation? I think the real question, as the internet becaomes more important in people's lives, is what is the right regulation not whether there should be or not. But you as a company welcome regulation? I think if it's the right regulation, yes. Do you think the Europeans have it right? I think that they get thing right. Have you ever submited- [LAUGH] That��s true. There��s a very common misconception about Facebook, that we sell data to advertisers, and we do not sell data to advertisers. Well you clearly rented What we allow is for advertisers to tell us who they want to reach, and then we do the placement. Would you be comfortable sharing with us the name of the hotel you stayed in last night? [LAUGH] [BLANK_AUDIO] No. [LAUGH] If you've messaged anybody this week would you share with us the names of the people you've messaged? Senator, no, I would probably not choose to do that publicly here. I think that maybe what this is all about, your right to privacy, the limits of your right to privacy, and how much you give away in modern America In the name of, quote, connecting people around the world. [BLANK_AUDIO]	2024-01-09T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8569
/* Class = "NSButtonCell"; title = "Synchronize matches results"; ObjectID = "aAI-Yn-Z1P"; / "aAI-Yn-Z1P.title" = "Sincronizar los resultados de las partidas"; / Class = "NSButtonCell"; title = "Claim Account"; ObjectID = "PFc-eW-dQG"; / "PFc-eW-dQG.title" = "Claim Account"; / Class = "NSTextFieldCell"; title = "Log in with your Battle.net credentials on HSReplay.net to claim your existing replays. This will open your web browser."; ObjectID = "alf-8N-P9t"; / "alf-8N-P9t.title" = "Log in with your Battle.net credentials on HSReplay.net to claim your existing replays. This will open your web browser."; / Class = "NSButtonCell"; title = "Disconnect from HSReplay"; ObjectID = "y6L-Kw-KFY"; / "y6L-Kw-KFY.title" = "Disconnect from HSReplay"; / Class = "NSButtonCell"; title = "Reset Account"; ObjectID = "Ikd-r0-oiT"; */ "Ikd-r0-oiT.title" = "Reset Account";	2023-10-30T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2183
Population Dynamics of Two Toluene Degrading Bacterial Species in a Contaminated Stream. Toluene uptake by a benthic biofilm community was previously shown to vary seasonally from 0.03 m hr?1 in winter to 0.2 m hr?1 in summer in a solvent-contaminated stream of the Aberjona watershed. We used quantitative PCR to estimate the population dynamics of previously isolated species of toluene-degrading Xanthobacter autotrophicus and Mycobacterium sp. in both toluene-contaminated and uncontaminated reaches of the stream, and to estimate their relative roles in overall biodegradation rate. Quantification using specific 16S rDNA primers forX. autotrophicus and Mycobacterium sp. showed that populations of both species were much larger in the toluene-contaminated than the toluene-free reach, in agreement with earlier culture-based investigations. A relatively brief bloom of X. autotrophicus occurred in the contaminated reach in the summer, while Mycobacterium sp. populations occurred at elevated densities for more than 5 months. Calculations showed that Mycobacterium, previously thought to be less important than Xanthobacter in annual toluene degradation based on single time-point CFU estimates, appears actually more important because of this longer persistence.	2023-10-22T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1614
Bethania Chapel Documents Collection Disgrifiad : Digitized copy of a black and white photograph showing an exterior view of Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, with the congregation and school pupils. Part of a collection of material relating to Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, loaned for copying by the Welsh Religious Buildings Trust. The original collection is held by the Glamorgan Record Office. Bethania Chapel Documents Collection Disgrifiad : Digitized copy of a black and white photograph showing an interior view of Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, with the congregation and school pupils. Part of a collection of material relating to Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, loaned for copying by the Welsh Religious Buildings Trust. The original collection is held by the Glamorgan Record Office. Bethania Chapel Documents Collection Disgrifiad : Digitized copy of a black and white photograph showing an interior view of Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, with the minister and deacons. Part of a collection of material relating to Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, loaned for copying by the Welsh Religious Buildings Trust. The original collection is held by the Glamorgan Record Office. Bethania Chapel Documents Collection Disgrifiad : Digitized copy of a black and white photograph showing an exterior view of Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, with the congregation and school pupils. Part of a collection of material relating to Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, loaned for copying by the Welsh Religious Buildings Trust. The original collection is held by the Glamorgan Record Office. Bethania Chapel Documents Collection Disgrifiad : Digitized copy of a black and white photograph showing an interior view of Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, with the congregation and school pupils. Part of a collection of material relating to Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, loaned for copying by the Welsh Religious Buildings Trust. The original collection is held by the Glamorgan Record Office. Bethania Chapel Documents Collection Disgrifiad : Digitized copy of a black and white photograph showing an interior view of Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, with the minister and deacons. Part of a collection of material relating to Bethania Chapel, Maesteg, loaned for copying by the Welsh Religious Buildings Trust. The original collection is held by the Glamorgan Record Office.	2023-08-19T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2254
The Florida Panthers had been waiting on word that they would host the NHL draft, more or less being promised to host the NHL's annual summer event by 2016 after they got a new video screen installed at BB&T Center. It looks like it's going to come in 2015. George Richards of the Miami Herald reports an official announcement is coming soon. This will be the second time the Panthers have hosted the draft, also holding it at the arena in Sunrise in 2001. In that year Ilya Kovalchuk went first to the Thrashers while the hometown Panthers drafted fourth and selected Stephen Weiss.	2024-03-31T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/1675
--UPT3ojh+0CqEDtpF Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Mon, Nov 29, 2004 at 11:06:17AM -0800, Jonathan Stone wrote: > In message <20041127230339.GC25324@netbsd.org>, > Bill Studenmund writes: >=20 > >I think that Eric's comment was either incorrect or poorly-worded. I thi= nk > >we will depreciate all on-disk device nodes with devfs,=20 >=20 > Why on Earth would you want to do that? I'd be happy with a dynamic > devfs on my laptop, but static on-disk (actually, in-filesystem, with > static in-filesystem permissions) device nodes are EXACTLY what I > want. For certain applications. Because specfs (the add-ons we have to hook device vnodes into the device= =20 system) will need changes, and I am not looking forward to maintianing the= =20 old and the new ways in one kernel. And to be honest, if we're concerned=20 about security, I think it'd be cleaner to have one way of doing things,=20 not two. Take care, Bill --UPT3ojh+0CqEDtpF Content-Type: application/pgp-signature Content-Disposition: inline -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.2.3 (NetBSD) iD8DBQFBq9vCWz+3JHUci9cRAs1dAJ9FMIUvtaKdtNKZLk4sERpL+GZHWACfSikN MXcQ8If/KQbeEIOv4/xwwFM= =QBrs -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --UPT3ojh+0CqEDtpF--	2023-08-05T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/7629
#*************************************************************************** #* * #* Copyright (c) 2011, 2012 * #* Jose Luis Cercos Pita <jlcercos@gmail.com> * #* * #* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * #* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) * #* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of * #* the License, or (at your option) any later version. * #* for detail see the LICENCE text file. * #* * #* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * #* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * #* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * #* GNU Library General Public License for more details. * #* * #* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public * #* License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * #* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 * #* USA * #* * #*************************************************************************** class PlotWorkbench(Workbench): """Workbench of Plot module.""" def __init__(self): self.__class__.Icon = FreeCAD.getResourceDir() + "Mod/Plot/resources/icons/PlotWorkbench.svg" self.__class__.MenuText = "Plot" self.__class__.ToolTip = "The Plot module is used to edit/save output plots performed by other tools" from plotUtils import Paths import PlotGui def Initialize(self): from PySide import QtCore, QtGui cmdlst = ["Plot_SaveFig", "Plot_Axes", "Plot_Series", "Plot_Grid", "Plot_Legend", "Plot_Labels", "Plot_Positions"] self.appendToolbar(str(QtCore.QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP( "Plot", "Plot edition tools")), cmdlst) self.appendMenu(str(QtCore.QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP( "Plot", "Plot")), cmdlst) try: import matplotlib except ImportError: from PySide import QtCore, QtGui msg = QtGui.QApplication.translate( "plot_console", "matplotlib not found, Plot module will be disabled", None) FreeCAD.Console.PrintMessage(msg + '\n') Gui.addWorkbench(PlotWorkbench())	2023-11-17T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9868
Q: Understand 'case' keyword in partial functions I am new to Scala and I am trying to decode its constructs, I learned about pattern matching and the syntax is similar to Java switch statement val x: Int = Random.nextInt(10) x match { case 0 => "zero" case 1 => "one" case 2 => "two" case _ => "other" } This code here is pretty obvious and readable. I came across partial functions which are pretty obvious and clear what are they A partial function is a function that does not provide an answer for every possible input value it can be given. What I am confused about is using case in the body of a partial function like this: val divide2: PartialFunction[Int, Int] = { case d: Int if d != 0 => 42 / d // WHAT IS THIS ?! } I don't understand how case is used without match statement, how does this is interpreted by Scala, how it is read, is it a method, a class or another construct ?, what other ways I can use case without match statement Edit: I tried to play around with this case and still don't get it. For example val SomeFun: PartialFunction[Int, Int] = { case d: Int if d != 0 => 1000 / d case f: Int if f != 2 => 100 / f case m: Int if m != 1 => 10 / m } How does this work? Trying this gives an error val SomeFun = { case d: Int if d != 0 => 1000 / d case f: Int if f != 2 => 100 / f case m: Int if m != 1 => 10 / m } Error:(29, 17) missing parameter type for expanded function The argument types of an anonymous function must be fully known. (SLS 8.5) Expected type was: ? Is case without match used anywhere else outside a partial function? A: It means that a partial function will be applied only if the input param can match case expression. The actual class generated is something like this: val divide = new PartialFunction[Int, Int] { def apply(x: Int) = 42 / x def isDefinedAt(x: Int) = x != 0 } Using orElse you can apply or handle multiple definitions: funcForInt orElse funcForDouble orElse funcForString Nice composition? Edit: val SomeFun: PartialFunction[Int, Int] = { case d: Int if d != 0 => 1000 / d case f: Int if f != 2 => 100 / f case m: Int if m != 1 => 10 / m } The above is using anonymous class feature. If you remove the variable's type, you are just giving it a block expression with some case expressions which compiler can't really use. Ref: https://www.james-willett.com/scala-anonymous-classes A: I will try to answer this question: I don't understand how case is used without match statement, how does this is interpreted by Scala, how it is read, is it a method, a class or another construct ? mainly by referring to this article which I will be quoting and paraphrasing. The reason this works: val f: (Any) => String = { case i: Int => "Int" case d: Double => "Double" case _ => "Other" } is that the compiler interprets it as an anonymous function. when you create val function, all you’re really doing with code like this is assigning a variable name to an anonymous function. To support that first statement, Section 15.7 of Programming in Scala states: A sequence of cases in curly braces can be used anywhere a function literal can be used. So it is not really different than using the same syntax inside inside filter or collect. The code in the above essentially creates a Function1 object. As this source explains: The main distinction between PartialFunction and scala.Function1 is that the user of a PartialFunction may choose to do something different with input that is declared to be outside its domain.	2024-06-15T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/3891
University of Missouri Extension IPM1007, Revised November 2009 Practical Weed Science for the Field Scout: Corn and Soybean Morningglory, tall (Ipomoea purpurea) Summer annual broadleaf A trailing or climbing annual vine with heart-shaped leaves and purple to white flowers. Seedlings have cotyledons that are only moderately indented as compared with either pitted or palmleaf morningglory. Cotyledon lobes are rounded and not pointed to any degree and cotyledons are also almost perfectly square in outline. The first true leaf is heart shaped as are all subsequent leaves, but the first true leaf often is without hairs unlike the subsequent leaves. Mature leaves are arranged alternately along the stem and have hairs that lie flat against the leaf surface, unlike entireleaf morningglory. Older leaves have rounded bases that often overlap. IPM1007 Practical Weed Science for the Field Scout: Corn and Soybean \| University of Missouri Extension	2024-05-17T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/2521
Our TakeThis is a good batch of titles. I am particularly excited about Velocity 2X. I liked Ultra quite a bit, and to merge that with a platformer seems like a pretty solid idea. Also, Sportsfriends is a fantastic Plus pick. It's one one of those games you may not play often (it's hard to invite people over. It involves a lot of coordination), but you will be glad it lives on your hard drive when you do get a chance to take advantage of it.	2024-05-10T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/6556
Post navigation Restaurant of the Week: Lollicup Lollicup is a chain of tea and coffee shops specializing in boba drinks; there are other local locations in Chino Hills (14320 Chino Hills Parkway) and Pomona (961 E. Mission Blvd.) But the Ontario location, which is operated by a family from Indonesia, also sells food. The menu has a few fried snacks, which may be common to other Lollicups, but the Ontario store has a small bakery-type case atop the counter, a sign near it about taro pudding and various jellies, a few bagged items for sale to-go (Dendeng Sapi, described as sweet beef jerky, and something crunchy-looking called Rempeyek) and a short lunch menu displayed on the counter. A chalkboard had five or six specials, including Soto Ayam (a soup) and several noodle dishes. From the specials I ordered Mie Goreng Jawa ($6.50), which was much like pad Thai, with thin noodles, onion, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes and chicken. It was too much for one meal; I took the other half home. For a beverage, I had a jasmine milk tea ($3.25) with boba (35 cents). The interior seats 20. It basically looks like a Starbucks except with tables. Kind of cute. There’s a Korean-style yogurt shop, Berry Trees, a couple of doors down but when I left I was too full to go in. Pardon the unusual ignorance, but between selling Boba drinks and Mie Goreng Jawa, I could have sworn you were eating at the cantina in Mos Eisley. Are you sure that wasn’t Bantha jerky they were serving? Was Xavier Alvarez there, by any chance? Then again, I can’t really see Ontario having the most wretched hive of scum and villainy in the (Inland) Empire. S. H. Idiot [The characters at Lollicup weren’t quite as colorful as those in the “Star Wars” cantina scene, I’m afraid. — DA] Paul Great blog! Keep it up Mr. Allen. [Will do, Mr. Paul. — DA] Ms. Anonymous What did you think of the Boba Thai Tea with the tapioca balls (boba)? That’s what it’s known for, their boba tea. We want to know what you think of the taste. You didn’t review your thots on that. Please comment. Thank you. [Boba is fun; it’s like a game with yourself to see if you can slurp up all the balls through that thick straw before your drink is finished. Milk tea is a little sweeter a beverage than I prefer, but I like it, and the Lollicup version is as good as any I’ve had. — DA] About this blog A roundup of news, history, food, travel and cultural items from around the Inland Valley. About this blogger A journalist for nearly 30 years, David Allen has been chronicling the Inland Valley for the Daily Bulletin since 1997 and blogging since 2007. His first book, "Pomona A to Z," was published in 2014. E-mail David here. Read recent columns here.	2023-10-18T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/9380
Q: PHP For loop issue with Mysqli I'm trying to get this PHP script to paginate the data pulled from the mysql database. It is going wrong somewhere in the second for loop. Instead of pulling the data through it is just returning blank or empty fields. I need it to display the title, description and content fields from the database, along with the ID. require_once("../controls/config.php"); $connection = new mysqli(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS, DB_NAME); if ($connection->connect_errno) { printf("Connect failed: %s\n", $connection->connect_error); exit(); } // number of results to show per page $per_page = 3; // figure out the total pages in the database $result = $connection->query("SELECT * FROM pages"); $total_results = $result->num_rows; $total_pages = ceil($total_results / $per_page); // check if the 'page' variable is set in the URL (ex: view-paginated.php?page=1) if (isset($_GET['page']) && is_numeric($_GET['page'])) { $show_page = $_GET['page']; // make sure the $show_page value is valid if ($show_page > 0 && $show_page <= $total_pages) { $start = ($show_page -1) * $per_page; $end = $start + $per_page; } else { // error - show first set of results $start = 0; $end = $per_page; } } else { // if page isn't set, show first set of results $start = 0; $end = $per_page; } for ($i = 1; $i <= $total_pages; $i++) { echo "<a href='?page=$i'>$i</a><br>"; } // loop through results of database query, displaying them in the table for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) { // make sure that PHP doesn't try to show results that don't exist if ($i == $total_results) { break; } echo $i["id"].' '; echo $i["title"].' '; echo $i["description"].' '; echo $i["content"].' '; echo '<a href="edit.php?id='.$i["id"].'">Edit</a> '; echo '<a href="delete.php?id='.$i["id"].'">Delete</a><br>'; } ?> <p><a href="new.php">Add a new record</a></p> Can anyone point me in the right direction? A: It looks like you are trying to treat $i as an associative array. Though $i is only a integer. Additionally, you do not have an array the contains the results from your mysqli query. You should try: // this will loop through results and assign to $rows array while($row = $result->fetch_array()) { $rows[] = $row; } // this will loop through $rows array and provide each column result foreach($rows as $row) { echo $row["id"]; echo $row["title"]; echo $row["description"]; echo $row["content"]; } For further information please refer to: http://us2.php.net/mysqli_fetch_array	2024-02-11T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/5410
The incidence and risk of central venous catheter malpositioning: a prospective cohort study in 1619 patients. Central venous catheters are used in various hospital wards. An anterior-posterior chest X-ray is usually obtained soon after cannulation to assess the location of the catheter tip. This prospective clinical study was designed to determine the radiographic catheter tip position after central venous cannulation by various routes, to identify clinical problems possibly associated with the use of malpositioned catheters and to make a cost-benefit analysis of routine chest X-ray with respect to catheter malposition. A total 1619 central venous cannulations were recorded during a three-year period with respect to patient data, information about the cannulation procedures, the radiographic catheter positions and complications during clinical use. The total incidence of radiographic catheter tip malposition, defined as extrathoracic or ventricular positioning, was 3.3% (confidence interval 25 to 4.3%). Cannulation by the right subclavian vein was associated with the highest risk of malposition, 9.1%, compared with 1.4% by the right internal jugular vein. Six of the 53 malpositioned catheters were removed or adjusted. No case of malposition was associated with vascular perforation, local venous thrombosis or cerebral symptoms. We conclude that the radiographic incidence of central venous catheter malpositioning is low and that clinical use of malpositioned catheters is associated with few complications. However, determination of the catheter position by chest X-ray should be considered when mechanical complications cannot be excluded, aspiration of venous blood is not possible, or the catheter is intended for central venous pressure monitoring, high flow use or infusion of local irritant drugs.	2023-12-29T01:26:35.434368	https://example.com/article/8136

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