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Sachin Tendulkar is Kerala's new anti-drug face Sachin Tendulkar will be the face of Kerala's anti-drug campaign. Chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan declared that Sachin will be the brand ambassador for the campaign at a press meet held in Thiruvananthapuram.
2024-06-02T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5565
A role for serotonin in the elaboration of a differential pattern of activity in sympathetic nerves to kidney and skeletal muscle vasculature. The role of serotonin (5-HT) in the elaboration of patterns of regional sympathetic discharge evoked from the ventral medulla was examined in cats under Saffan anesthesia. A differential response pattern consisting of an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity simultaneous with no change in activity to skeletal muscle vasculature was evoked from a group of ventral medullary neurons by microinjection of D,L-homocysteic acid. Subsequent intrathecal administration of the 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide (200 micrograms) attenuated or abolished the excitatory response to the kidney on restimulation of the medulla, without affecting sympathetic activity to muscle. Methysergide did not affect an excitatory response evoked in the outflow to both the kidney and skeletal muscle vasculature from an adjacent region of the ventral medulla. These results indicate a role for 5-HT in the elaboration of a specific differential pattern of sympathetic response evoked from medullary neurons.
2023-11-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2041
Russian federal prosecutors have finally launched an investigation into the reported mass abductions and torture of gay men in Chechnya. The move follows pressure from Russian and international campaigners, in the wake of the revelations by the independent newspaper Novaya Gazeta, that gay men in the predominantly Muslim southern republic were facing violent persecution. Russia's human rights commissioner Tatyana Moskalkova, as well as the newspaper, had requested the abductions be investigated. The press service of the country's prosecutor-general's office told the TASS news agency: "Currently, prosecutors from the Chechen Republic and the region's law enforcement agencies have launched probes into the alleged abductions of people." Chechen authorities have rejected accusations by the newspaper that gay men were being detained and beaten, with at least three reportedly killed. Moskalkova said she would investigate the reports and had asked Chechnya's interior minister if any complaints about abductions had been submitted. The republic's ministry said it had not received any such complaints between 1 January and 1 April. "We spoke to a well-known human rights activist and she also said that she had not received any such complaints. Now I have sent requests to the republic's prosecutor and the Prosecutor-General's Office," she said, according to TASS. Board member of the Russian LGBT Network, Igor Kochetkov told Meduza news agency that his group has opened a shelter in Moscow for gay men fleeing persecution in Chechnya and is looking to relocate them to western countries, where they can be granted asylum. President of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, criticised human rights organisations for carrying out "a massive information attack" on Chechnya which sought to "demonise our society, lifestyle, traditions and customs." The journalist who broke the story, Elena Milashina, told the Washington Post she feared for her safety following calls for retribution by the republic's minister. "Now I think I will leave the country for a while, too. It doesn't matter that Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov announced clearly that journalists are under the Kremlin's protection and that no one can kill them for their professional duty. The threat still exists," she said. Minister for external relations and the media, Dzhambulat Umarov, told the radio station Govorit Moscow that there were no threats against any journalists. "This is a normal Caucasian rhetoric. This is a normal reaction to what they are trying to blame us for. We have no aggression to journalistic work. There is aggression in the approach," he said.
2023-09-25T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4381
{ stdenv, buildGoPackage, fetchFromGitHub }: buildGoPackage rec { pname = "fsql"; version = "0.3.1"; goPackagePath = "github.com/kshvmdn/fsql"; src = fetchFromGitHub { owner = "kshvmdn"; repo = "fsql"; rev = "v${version}"; sha256 = "1accpxryk4744ydfrqc3la5k376ji11yr84n66dz5cx0f3n71vmz"; }; meta = with stdenv.lib; { description = "Search through your filesystem with SQL-esque queries"; homepage = "https://github.com/kshvmdn/fsql"; license = licenses.mit; maintainers = with maintainers; [ pSub ]; platforms = platforms.unix; inherit version; }; }
2024-02-12T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8923
. Is 39 a factor of l? True Suppose 2*c - 4232 = -5*w, 4744 = 4*w + c + 1356. Is 2 a factor of w? True Let p = 22338 + 9740. Does 173 divide p? False Suppose 0 = 3*q + g - 13, 27*q + 4 = 29*q + 3*g. Suppose 22 = q*n - 318. Is n a multiple of 6? False Suppose 4*u + 11 - 3 = 0, 0 = 4*j + 4*u. Let x(d) = -2*d**3 + d**2 - 4*d**2 + 2*d**j - 5*d + d**3 + 7. Is x(-5) a multiple of 33? True Suppose -13*n + 323 = -197. Let d be n/((10/35)/(8/14)). Suppose -2*p - z = -254 + d, -2*z = 4. Does 44 divide p? True Let z(r) be the third derivative of 37*r**4/24 + 16*r**3/3 - 13*r**2 + 1. Does 11 divide z(3)? True Let v = -1096 - -893. Let y = -130 - -29. Let p = y - v. Is p a multiple of 29? False Let f(u) = -u**3 + 119*u**2 - 912*u - 438. Is 23 a factor of f(110)? True Does 124 divide ((-2604)/(-5))/(7/((-11200)/(-30)))? True Let p = -277 - -161. Let u = p + 62. Is 2/(-9) - 3*580/u a multiple of 8? True Let i = 386 + -454. Let k = i - -256. Is k a multiple of 45? False Suppose 2 = -6*b + 26. Suppose 18 = y + x - 29, 0 = -b*x - 20. Is y a multiple of 13? True Let j be 15/((-2)/(-18)*3). Suppose 0 = 5*l + m - j, 5*m - 12 = -5*l + 13. Suppose l*g - 6*g = 192. Does 8 divide g? True Let h = -667 + 291. Let y = h + 831. Is y a multiple of 13? True Let w = 24635 - 5226. Does 13 divide w? True Let u(t) = 35*t - 33. Let z be u(9). Let k = z + -214. Is k even? True Let u be (534/(-8) + 0)*88/(-66). Suppose 220 = -4*q - q. Let x = q + u. Is x a multiple of 12? False Suppose 5*o - 4*u - 43 = -7*u, -o = -3*u - 5. Let f be (-4)/10 - 18/5. Is o/(f/44*-1) a multiple of 8? True Let j(p) be the third derivative of -p**6/120 - 4*p**5/15 - p**4/24 - 17*p**3/6 + 18*p**2. Let o be j(-16). Is (-24)/(-3 - -5)*o a multiple of 3? True Let k = -32 + 73. Suppose -k*d + 38*d + 9 = 0. Suppose -5*p - 16 = -2*t, -5*p - d = -t - 0. Does 13 divide t? True Suppose 4*z + 2*u + 510 = 0, -2*u + 5 - 7 = 0. Let l = z - -359. Suppose 0 = 4*m - 28 - l. Does 22 divide m? False Suppose 200349 = 74*z - 35*z + 74*z. Is z a multiple of 7? False Let f(a) = a**3 + 28*a**2 + 23*a - 9. Let r be f(-27). Suppose 8*k - r - 21 = 0. Does 5 divide k? True Let t(h) = 15568*h**3 + 2*h**2 - 9*h + 9. Is t(1) a multiple of 6? True Is ((-16)/10)/(27/(-5940))*8 a multiple of 88? True Let x(u) = -u**2 - 5*u + 2. Let y be x(-4). Let j = y - -44. Is j a multiple of 5? True Let t(f) = 21*f - 13. Let c(w) = 42*w - 28. Let h(q) = 6*c(q) - 14*t(q). Is h(-3) a multiple of 70? True Suppose 4*x = 5*s - 42664, 4*x + 28810 = -5*s + 71466. Does 9 divide s? True Let x(i) = i**2 - i - 14. Let h be x(-7). Is 4 a factor of h + -37 - -4*43? False Let c be -4 + -1 + -30 + 106. Suppose -c = 5*s - 256. Is s a multiple of 8? False Suppose -14*n + 9*n + 15 = 0. Suppose n*l - 48 = -5*l. Suppose 0 = 2*r - l*r + 368. Does 23 divide r? True Let l(x) = 87*x**2 + 3*x - 1. Let q be 11/((-3 - -2)/1). Let s(i) = 260*i**2 + 8*i - 3. Let r(w) = q*l(w) + 4*s(w). Is r(1) a multiple of 9? True Let t(b) = 4*b + 174. Suppose 5*j - 2*o + 115 = 0, -o = -3*o + 10. Does 6 divide t(j)? True Suppose -4*f + 3*f + 10 = 0. Suppose -o - 4*m - 16 = 0, -o - f = m - 0*m. Does 10 divide 544/18 + (48/27)/o? True Let s = 100 + 160. Let n(w) = 2*w**3 - 3*w**2 + 3*w - 4. Let v be n(5). Let p = s - v. Is 13 a factor of p? False Let i(y) be the third derivative of -23*y**4/8 + 79*y**3/3 - 31*y**2 - 2*y. Is i(-12) a multiple of 58? True Let i(t) = t**3 - 10*t**2 - 6*t. Let c be i(10). Let p = c + 67. Suppose 0*b + p*b = 1225. Does 23 divide b? False Does 129 divide (308 - 50)/(6/561)? True Suppose 4*z + 3*k = -3 + 12, 0 = -2*k - 2. Suppose z*q - 39*q + 5220 = 0. Does 18 divide q? False Let p(y) = 4*y**2 - 6*y + 83. Is 19 a factor of p(-23)? True Let i(t) = -2*t + 4. Let v be i(0). Suppose -641 = -x + v*f, -4*f - 13 + 29 = 0. Does 53 divide x? False Suppose -13*r + 2016 = 15*r. Suppose -2*o + 21 = b - o, -4*b + 70 = -3*o. Suppose -r = -b*f + 17*f. Is f a multiple of 9? True Suppose 4*q - 3681 = 6479. Is (-3)/((-15)/q) - 2 a multiple of 70? False Let x be 1/6 - (-35673)/18. Is 7/(-105) - x/(-30) a multiple of 2? True Let p(b) = 57*b**3 + 4*b**2 + 48*b - 260. Does 8 divide p(6)? False Let v be ((-3)/12)/((-1)/44). Suppose -5 - v = -4*h. Suppose p + 166 = h*x - p, -4*x + 169 = p. Is 21 a factor of x? True Let w(x) = -x + 9. Let l be w(-7). Suppose 22*f - 300 = l*f. Suppose 4*s - 7 - 9 = 0, -f = -g + 3*s. Is 31 a factor of g? True Suppose 2*h - 25007 = -3*b, 5*b + 4620 - 46281 = h. Is b a multiple of 113? False Let c = -20 - -20. Suppose 397 = 5*x - t, -3*t - 2 + 11 = c. Let b = -54 + x. Is b a multiple of 13? True Suppose -23*t + 111514 = 74753 - 145330. Does 3 divide t? True Suppose 0 = 3*v + 4*n - 7272, -n = -14*v + 9*v + 12120. Is v a multiple of 101? True Let o(a) = 199*a. Let k be ((-3)/(-3))/((-2)/10). Let f = 6 + k. Is 34 a factor of o(f)? False Suppose 2*h = -3*i + 7*i + 30, -2*i + 30 = 2*h. Suppose -h*t + 2380 = 2*t. Is 35 a factor of t? True Let a(f) = f**2 - 2*f - 19. Let m be a(6). Does 29 divide (-6)/(-14) + (m - (-10848)/21)? True Let f(h) = h**3 + h - 1. Let t be f(0). Let v be 16/4 - (1 + 1 + t). Is 43 a factor of (v + -6)*(0 - 258/9)? True Suppose -5*r + 26398 = 3*x, -x - 10546 = -46*r + 44*r. Does 46 divide r? False Let q(j) = -2*j**2 - 40*j + 44. Let w be q(-21). Let p = 5 + -5. Suppose p = o + 2*o - 3, w*b = -o + 119. Is b a multiple of 16? False Let x(u) = 29*u + 193. Let t be x(-7). Is 96/t*125/(-2) a multiple of 75? True Let x be 5/(-1) + -3*548/(-12). Let f = x - -60. Is 32 a factor of f? True Let o = -39098 + 58973. Is 17 a factor of -5 + o/40 + (-2)/(-16)? False Suppose -2 - 2 = 4*l, -4*p - 5*l + 15 = 0. Suppose -p*v = 2*m - 74, -15 = -m + 2*v + 40. Suppose 43*y + 280 = m*y. Is y a multiple of 35? True Let q(a) = a**3 + 20*a**2 - 22*a + 22. Let l be q(-21). Suppose 5*g + 8 = -7, -2*g - 394 = -4*o. Let n = o - l. Is 7 a factor of n? False Let l be (36/15)/((6 - 10)/20). Let d be (-2)/4 + (-146)/(-4). Let q = l + d. Is 10 a factor of q? False Let b = -530 + 806. Suppose 277*s - b*s - 461 = 0. Does 10 divide s? False Let h = 11 + -5. Let n(a) = 14*a**2 - 5*a + 9. Let t(f) = -12*f**2 + 6*f - 7. Let i(l) = -5*n(l) - 6*t(l). Is i(h) a multiple of 2? False Let z(g) = 159*g**2 - 40*g - 31. Let q be z(7). Suppose 0 = -14*n + q + 4616. Does 24 divide n? True Suppose -205 = -10*s - 75. Let y(g) = 96*g - 8. Let t be y(7). Suppose 0 = 7*c + s - t. Does 8 divide c? False Let w(k) = 15*k**2 - 31*k + 269. Does 140 divide w(-22)? False Let o be (47/(-7) + 5)*(-140)/8. Let y(v) = v**2 - 11*v - 124. Is y(o) a multiple of 26? False Let g(r) = -r**2 - 2. Let w be g(2). Let b be (-210 + (-2 - w))/(-1). Suppose 50 = 4*d - b. Is 8 a factor of d? True Suppose 5*d + 417 = 47. Suppose 112*w - 93*w + 2261 = 0. Let x = d - w. Does 9 divide x? True Suppose -3*t + 873 = 3*y, -221*y + 2*t = -220*y - 282. Is 7 a factor of y? False Suppose -22*d - 15603 = -d. Let l = 1191 + d. Is 8 a factor of l? True Let r(h) = -2 - 2 - h**3 - 13*h**2 + 5*h**2 + 16*h + 2*h**2. Let t = -65 - -56. Does 23 divide r(t)? False Let w(v) = -4*v - 51. Let a be w(-17). Suppose 10*k = a*k - 56. Suppose k*t - 16 = 64. Does 5 divide t? True Let r = -41 + 43. Suppose -4*p - 3*u = -r*u - 4933, 3*p + 2*u - 3701 = 0. Is p a multiple of 11? False Let b(a) be the second derivative of a**4/12 + a**3/3 - 15*a**2 + a. Let x = 533 - 543. Does 11 divide b(x)? False Suppose 2*u + 2*z = 4*z - 12, 4 = 4*u + 3*z. Let f be -21 + 6 + 1/(u/(-6)). Does 6 divide 2/(-4) + 6 + (-966)/f? False Let i(v) = 2*v**2 - 24*v + 17. Let k be i(19). Let p be (1 - 152) + (3 - 7). Let y = p + k. Is 12 a factor of y? False Suppose 5 = -4*w - 7. Let x(k) = -34*k + 16. Let n be x(w). Suppose -3*z + 2*z = -n. Does 15 divide z? False Let k = -102 - -32. Suppose -5358 = 9*t - 104*t + 6612. Let z = t + k. Does 14 divide z? True Let k = 447 + -279. Suppose 8*v + 4*i = 11*v - 3, 4*i = 12. Suppose -v*z + k = z. Does 7 divide z? True Suppose 54*l - 13066 = 7643 + 4293. Does 53 divide l? False Let c = 185 + -192. Let x(i) = -17*i + 23. Does 18 divide x(c)? False Suppose -3112 = -1071*m + 1070*m. Does 40 divide m? False Let y(l) be the first derivative of 56*l**3/3 - 3*l**2 - 4*l + 21. Is y(-1) a multiple of 4? False Suppose -5*b + 23 = -4*b + 5*h, 5*h = 20. Su
2023-11-18T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7751
#include <bbgm/bbgm_image_of.hxx> #include <bsta/bsta_attributes.h> #include <bsta/bsta_gaussian_indep.hxx> #include <bsta/bsta_gauss_if3.h> #include <bsta/io/bsta_io_attributes.h> #include <bsta/io/bsta_io_gaussian_indep.h> typedef bsta_num_obs<bsta_gauss_if3> gauss_type; BBGM_IMAGE_INSTANTIATE(gauss_type);
2024-02-06T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2187
What is a Tankless Water Heater? April 08, 2013 By M. Presgrave Share You may have heard about the existence of “tankless” or “on-demand” hot water heaters, but until you’re really looking at replacing your existing hot water tank, you probably haven’t given them much thought. A traditional hot water tank consists of a tank or reservoir that is heated to 120-140 degrees, and kept hot by the burners or heating coils 24/7. Depending on how well insulated your hot water tank is, the energy used simply to keep the water from cooling off can be 20-40% of your energy bill. This wastage is called “stand-by loss”, and that is what a tankless hot water heater prevents. A tankless hot water heater does not keep water hot — until a tap is turned on. At that point, water flows over a series of heating coils, bringing it up to temperature in about five seconds, at which point it heads straight out the tap. And unlike a traditional hot water heater, there is no tank to empty. Provided you don’t have too many taps running at once, a tankless heater can heat water all day. Because there’s no reservoir in a tankless heater, they are at lesser risk of corrosion, which means they last 20 years, or about twice as long as a traditional model. As they cost about 2.5 times as much as a traditional heater, that makes them quite competitive. There are one or two drawbacks. The first is that an electric model of tankless heater might not be able to bring very cold groundwater up to temperature — typical households do not have enough amperage to do it, but this is mainly a concern in the winter. Depending on how your electric usage is billed, the heavy draws during peak usage hours may affect your electric bill. (Traditional heaters maintain a small draw over longer periods of time). Both these issues are solved by the installation of a gas-powered tankless heater, but plumber service will be required to install special ventilation. If you’re interested in learning more about the benefits of tankless hot water heaters and if they are right for you, contact your friendly neighborhood plumber service, My Plumber, at (844) 294-8999.
2023-11-18T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2505
The (Road) Rally to Support Saudi Women’s Right to Drive On Friday, June 17, determined protesters took to the roads outside of the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, DC to protest the country’s ban on female drivers. Through the combined efforts of Nonviolence International and The Center for Democracy and Human Rights in Saudi Arabia, along with friends from Code Pink and a great group of independent supporters, the protesters made Saudi officials and passers-by take notice of this group’s determination to stand alongside Saudi women. The rally showed solidarity for Saudi women in their fight for the right to drive their own cars, and was one of many rallies taking place around the world.
2024-07-19T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8000
Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: > Alexander Pánek wrote: >> Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: >>> The problem I see with "!" as a template instantiation is not >>> technical. I write a fair amount of templated code and over years the >>> "!" did not grow on me at all. I was time and again consoled by >>> Walter than one day that will happen, but it never did. I also >>> realized that Walter didn't see a problem with it because he writes >>> only little template code. >>> >>> I didn't have much beef with other oddities unique to D. For example, >>> I found no problem accommodating binary "~" and I was wondering what >>> makes "!" different. I was just looking at a page full of templates >>> and it looked like crap. >>> >>> One morning I woke up with the sudden realization of what the problem >>> was: the shouting. >>> >>> In C, "!" is used as a unary operator. That may seem odd at first, >>> but it nevers follows a word so it's tenuous to associate it with the >>> natural language "!". In D, binary "!" _always_ follows a word, a >>> name, something coming from natural language. So the conotation with >>> exclamation jumps at you. >>> >>> That's why I find the choice of "!" poor. I believe it can impede to >>> some extent acquisition of templates by newcomers, and conversely I >>> believe that using .() can make templates more palatable. I tried >>> using ".()" in my code and in only a couple of days it looked and >>> felt way better to me. Based on that experience, I suggest that "!()" >>> is dropped in favor of ".()" for template instantiation for D2. >>> >>> Sean's argument that "The exclamation mark signifies an assertion of >>> sorts" is exactly where I'd want templates not to be: they should be >>> blended in, not a hiccup from normal code. Serious effort has been, >>> and still is, made in D to avoid shell-shocking people about use of >>> templates, and I think ".()" would be a good step in that direction. >> >> Sean has a point. Templates are not runtime constructs. So a clear >> distinction between instantiating a function with a given type and >> just calling a function that has fixed argument types and a fixed >> return type is necessary. > > Why? This sounds objective, so you better back it up. Au contraire, I > see absolutely, but absolutely no need for a distinction. If it weren't > for syntactic difficulties, to me using straight parentheses for > template instantiation would have been the perfect choice. (How many > times did you just forget the "!"? I know I often do. Why? Because most > of the time it's not even needed.) > >> The exclamation mark gives us this clear distinction and has served >> well in terms of readability for me, especially because it jumps out — >> not because it’s an exclamation mark, thus having a meaning in natural >> language, but rather just because of its form. A straight vertical >> line with a dot underneath it. That just works perfectly well as >> seperator between identifier/type and type argument. > > I believe the clear distinction is not only unnecessary, but > undesirable. We should actively fight against it. IMHO — I forgot that before, so that’s why it might have sounded a bit too objective —, the clear distinction is important to keep the code self-documenting. It might not be so important in terms of freestanding templated functions that might even be simple enough that the argument types can be infered, but as soon as something heavily alters the way the code and the binary looks like afterwards (CTFE, multiple templated class/struct/function instantiates, string mixins created by CTFE functions, etc.), it (again, in my truly subjective opinion) deserves to be marked as such. I see this distinction as feature, not as flaw. Alexander Pánek wrote: > Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: >> Alexander Pánek wrote: >>> Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: >>>> The problem I see with "!" as a template instantiation is not >>>> technical. I write a fair amount of templated code and over years >>>> the "!" did not grow on me at all. I was time and again consoled by >>>> Walter than one day that will happen, but it never did. I also >>>> realized that Walter didn't see a problem with it because he writes >>>> only little template code. >>>> >>>> I didn't have much beef with other oddities unique to D. For >>>> example, I found no problem accommodating binary "~" and I was >>>> wondering what makes "!" different. I was just looking at a page >>>> full of templates and it looked like crap. >>>> >>>> One morning I woke up with the sudden realization of what the >>>> problem was: the shouting. >>>> >>>> In C, "!" is used as a unary operator. That may seem odd at first, >>>> but it nevers follows a word so it's tenuous to associate it with >>>> the natural language "!". In D, binary "!" _always_ follows a word, >>>> a name, something coming from natural language. So the conotation >>>> with exclamation jumps at you. >>>> >>>> That's why I find the choice of "!" poor. I believe it can impede to >>>> some extent acquisition of templates by newcomers, and conversely I >>>> believe that using .() can make templates more palatable. I tried >>>> using ".()" in my code and in only a couple of days it looked and >>>> felt way better to me. Based on that experience, I suggest that >>>> "!()" is dropped in favor of ".()" for template instantiation for D2. >>>> >>>> Sean's argument that "The exclamation mark signifies an assertion of >>>> sorts" is exactly where I'd want templates not to be: they should be >>>> blended in, not a hiccup from normal code. Serious effort has been, >>>> and still is, made in D to avoid shell-shocking people about use of >>>> templates, and I think ".()" would be a good step in that direction. >>> >>> Sean has a point. Templates are not runtime constructs. So a clear >>> distinction between instantiating a function with a given type and >>> just calling a function that has fixed argument types and a fixed >>> return type is necessary. >> >> Why? This sounds objective, so you better back it up. Au contraire, I >> see absolutely, but absolutely no need for a distinction. If it >> weren't for syntactic difficulties, to me using straight parentheses >> for template instantiation would have been the perfect choice. (How >> many times did you just forget the "!"? I know I often do. Why? >> Because most of the time it's not even needed.) >> >>> The exclamation mark gives us this clear distinction and has served >>> well in terms of readability for me, especially because it jumps out >>> — not because it’s an exclamation mark, thus having a meaning in >>> natural language, but rather just because of its form. A straight >>> vertical line with a dot underneath it. That just works perfectly >>> well as seperator between identifier/type and type argument. >> >> I believe the clear distinction is not only unnecessary, but >> undesirable. We should actively fight against it. > > IMHO — I forgot that before, so that’s why it might have sounded a bit > too objective —, the clear distinction is important to keep the code > self-documenting. It might not be so important in terms of freestanding > templated functions that might even be simple enough that the argument > types can be infered, but as soon as something heavily alters the way > the code and the binary looks like afterwards (CTFE, multiple templated > class/struct/function instantiates, string mixins created by CTFE > functions, etc.), it (again, in my truly subjective opinion) deserves to > be marked as such. > > I see this distinction as feature, not as flaw. I don't understand this argument. For one thing, argument type deduction for template functions is not simple at all and we're glad that it's taken care of. Andrei Graham St Jack wrote: > I prefer your suggestion of ufloat/udouble/ureal to Positive, and I > would definitely use these. I already use unsigned integer types a > LOT, even more than signed ones. > > Have you thought how (and if) auto-casting would work? I did, and it would work. The problem is there's no precedent for it. double x; ... auto y = sqrt(x); That will do a runtime check and throw if x is negative. That's unprecedented for an implicit cast, so I was thinking of defining a universal "unsigned" template function that does the check: auto y = sqrt(unsigned(x)); > As far as template instantiation goes, my feeling is that the "." is > too easily confused with method invocation. I know you are trying to > make them look more similar, but for we mere mortals that don't do > much template programming, we need something that stand out more. > Something less alarming than "!" would be ok, so long as there was > ONLY ONE way. I agree that in the end there should be only one man standing. And the reference to mere mortals makes me think we should bring the mountain to them instead of them to the mountain. I know, lame metaphor. Andrei superdan wrote: > Andrei Alexandrescu Wrote: > >> dsimcha wrote: >>> == Quote from Andrei Alexandrescu >>> (SeeWebsiteForEmail@erdani.org)'s article >>>> The problem I see with "!" as a template instantiation is not >>>> technical. I write a fair amount of templated code and over >>>> years the "!" did not grow on me at all. I was time and again >>>> consoled by Walter than one day that will happen, but it never >>>> did. I also realized that Walter didn't see a problem with it >>>> because he writes only little template code. I didn't have much >>>> beef with other oddities unique to D. For example, I found no >>>> problem accommodating binary "~" and I was wondering what makes >>>> "!" different. I was just looking at a page full of templates >>>> and it looked like crap. One morning I woke up with the sudden >>>> realization of what the problem was: the shouting. In C, "!" is >>>> used as a unary operator. That may seem odd at first, but it >>>> nevers follows a word so it's tenuous to associate it with the >>>> natural language "!". In D, binary "!" _always_ follows a word, >>>> a name, something coming from natural language. So the >>>> conotation with exclamation jumps at you. That's why I find the >>>> choice of "!" poor. I believe it can impede to some extent >>>> acquisition of templates by newcomers, and conversely I believe >>>> that using .() can make templates more palatable. I tried using >>>> ".()" in my code and in only a couple of days it looked and >>>> felt way better to me. Based on that experience, I suggest that >>>> "!()" is dropped in favor of ".()" for template instantiation >>>> for D2. Sean's argument that "The exclamation mark signifies an >>>> assertion of sorts" is exactly where I'd want templates not to >>>> be: they should be blended in, not a hiccup from normal code. >>>> Serious effort has been, and still is, made in D to avoid >>>> shell-shocking people about use of templates, and I think ".()" >>>> would be a good step in that direction. Andrei >>> Personally, I think that ".()" looks a little too much like a >>> normal function/method call. The "!()" syntax looks just >>> different enough to make it easy to keep straight in my head that >>> stuff with the "!" is a compile-time construct and stuff without >>> it can be evaluated at runtime. >> I'm arguing we _should_ make template code look like "normal" code, >> whatever "normal" is :o). We _should_ strive for "quiet" >> templates. >> >> You know what annoys the living heebiejeebies out of me? Nested >> template instantiations. >> >> This!(That!(TheOther!(crap))) >> >> I have a ton + change of those. In superdan's words: intercourse >> that. >> >> >> Andrei > > im a bit drunk. but im much obliged since my name was mentioned n > all. > > ! pisses me off too. i have an opinion. walter looked at unary ops > that can be binary ops. first tilde. pulled tat off. ten he wanted > the template thing. only 1 left was !. so he put that at work. right > walt? now i never like ! because of nother reason. i always forget to > put it. and yes it's not needed. i look @ code its unambig. then wtf > do i need that crap ! > > anyhoo would be great if ! goes away. to hell with it. need to try > asdad.(asdasd) to see how it feels. and yeah they all jump andreis > neck whever he posts any. or walts. its funny. hold them guns folks. > can i delete this later i wonder. I guess this still counts as a vote! No? :o) Andrei "Andrei Alexandrescu" wrote > Steven Schveighoffer wrote: >> "Walter Bright" wrote >>> Steven Schveighoffer wrote: >>>> It's very alarming to me that something like this just has no problem >>>> getting in the language without community feedback. >>> It's there at the moment so we can look at it and see if we like it. I >>> know Andrei likes it. Anyhow, this is the opportunity for community >>> feedback. >> >> Well, here is my feedback. >> >> First, I hate it when D has two ways of doing something. For example, C >> style array declarations, or function pointers. But those have good >> reasons. We want the new style because it's unambiguous and >> context-free, but we want the old style to allow easy porting of C code. > > I agree that D should not gratuitously define two ways of doing something. > >> But this change has no qualities I can see except that Andrei thinks it >> looks better (at least, that's the only reason he's given). > > Believes, not thinks :o). yes, of course, my bad. > >> There are not compatibility issues with C or some other language, it's >> just a new syntax that looks different. Are there problems with the >> original !()? Please give a reason for this addition besides asthetics, >> and then we can discuss the merits. Or if the community overwhelmingly >> loves this new syntax, I guess that's a good reason. Otherwise, I think >> it should be rejected on the simple principle of not fixing things that >> aren't broken. > > There are no objective differences, only the subjective arguments I > brought based on linguistic conotations of "!". And actually I didn't come > up with that argument - it literally came to me. Word followed by > exclamation mark. Our brains are wired to interpret that as an > exclamation. If it's frequent enough in code, it becomes really jarring. For what it's worth, I never had a 'jarring' experience with the ! syntax. It reads perfectly fine to me, and I actually like it. > The one way to figure whether you'd aesthetically like something or not is > to try it on some code. Unfortunately, that's not yet possible until the > next release (Walter was kind enough to send me an alpha for a test > drive). So my only request is kindly please hold off judgment until you > can play with the notation and see how you feel. Firstly, I won't be playing with it unless it's released for D1 (which I doubt), and secondly, I don't think it's worth the effort to have something like this changed for minor annoyance. Since it's completely engrained on our brains already and we get along fine with !, there should have to be a really good reason to change it. 'looking better' doesn't strike me as a really good reason, especially when it is subjective (and especially when I disagree with the opinion). This seems like a bicycle shed issue to me. Please note, I'm not arguing for ! because of some technical reason, I probably would have been fine with ., but since it's already !, I think we should keep it that way unless a good technical reason comes up. The reasons you have put forth don't make it worth it in my mind. If this change is implemented, Walter is going to have a hard time arguing that it's not worth changing invariant to immutable... -Steve Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: > Alexander Pánek wrote: >> Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: >>> The problem I see with "!" as a template instantiation is not >>> technical. I write a fair amount of templated code and over years the >>> "!" did not grow on me at all. I was time and again consoled by >>> Walter than one day that will happen, but it never did. I also >>> realized that Walter didn't see a problem with it because he writes >>> only little template code. >>> >>> I didn't have much beef with other oddities unique to D. For example, >>> I found no problem accommodating binary "~" and I was wondering what >>> makes "!" different. I was just looking at a page full of templates >>> and it looked like crap. >>> >>> One morning I woke up with the sudden realization of what the problem >>> was: the shouting. >>> >>> In C, "!" is used as a unary operator. That may seem odd at first, >>> but it nevers follows a word so it's tenuous to associate it with the >>> natural language "!". In D, binary "!" _always_ follows a word, a >>> name, something coming from natural language. So the conotation with >>> exclamation jumps at you. >>> >>> That's why I find the choice of "!" poor. I believe it can impede to >>> some extent acquisition of templates by newcomers, and conversely I >>> believe that using .() can make templates more palatable. I tried >>> using ".()" in my code and in only a couple of days it looked and >>> felt way better to me. Based on that experience, I suggest that "!()" >>> is dropped in favor of ".()" for template instantiation for D2. >>> >>> Sean's argument that "The exclamation mark signifies an assertion of >>> sorts" is exactly where I'd want templates not to be: they should be >>> blended in, not a hiccup from normal code. Serious effort has been, >>> and still is, made in D to avoid shell-shocking people about use of >>> templates, and I think ".()" would be a good step in that direction. >> >> Sean has a point. Templates are not runtime constructs. So a clear >> distinction between instantiating a function with a given type and >> just calling a function that has fixed argument types and a fixed >> return type is necessary. > > Why? This sounds objective, so you better back it up. I like being able to distinguish between the function signature and the parameter list and to tell at a glance what's actually happening. Since the dot already has a function in this context, I don't think it should be given another. Also, if we get the option to override opDot, things could get really weird if it's also a template signifier. >> The exclamation mark gives us this clear distinction and has served >> well in terms of readability for me, especially because it jumps out — >> not because it’s an exclamation mark, thus having a meaning in natural >> language, but rather just because of its form. A straight vertical >> line with a dot underneath it. That just works perfectly well as >> seperator between identifier/type and type argument. > > I believe the clear distinction is not only unnecessary, but > undesirable. We should actively fight against it. Why is it undesirable? I like the idea of static parameters as described at the conference last year, but I don't think that has any bearing on this particular issue. Sean Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: > Steven Schveighoffer wrote: >> "Walter Bright" wrote >>> Steven Schveighoffer wrote: >>>> It's very alarming to me that something like this just has no >>>> problem getting in the language without community feedback. >>> It's there at the moment so we can look at it and see if we like it. >>> I know Andrei likes it. Anyhow, this is the opportunity for community >>> feedback. >> >> Well, here is my feedback. >> >> First, I hate it when D has two ways of doing something. For example, >> C style array declarations, or function pointers. But those have good >> reasons. We want the new style because it's unambiguous and >> context-free, but we want the old style to allow easy porting of C code. > > I agree that D should not gratuitously define two ways of doing something. > >> But this change has no qualities I can see except that Andrei thinks >> it looks better (at least, that's the only reason he's given). > > Believes, not thinks :o). > >> There are not compatibility issues with C or some other language, it's >> just a new syntax that looks different. Are there problems with the >> original !()? Please give a reason for this addition besides >> asthetics, and then we can discuss the merits. Or if the community >> overwhelmingly loves this new syntax, I guess that's a good reason. >> Otherwise, I think it should be rejected on the simple principle of >> not fixing things that aren't broken. > > There are no objective differences, only the subjective arguments I > brought based on linguistic conotations of "!". And actually I didn't > come up with that argument - it literally came to me. Word followed by > exclamation mark. Our brains are wired to interpret that as an > exclamation. If it's frequent enough in code, it becomes really jarring. I like the use of '!' specifically for its linguistic connotation. It communicates to me that what's happening isn't normal run-time stuff. > The one way to figure whether you'd aesthetically like something or not > is to try it on some code. Unfortunately, that's not yet possible until > the next release (Walter was kind enough to send me an alpha for a test > drive). So my only request is kindly please hold off judgment until you > can play with the notation and see how you feel. Will do. It's easy enough to search-replace '!' with '.' Sean Steven Schveighoffer wrote: > "Andrei Alexandrescu" wrote >> Steven Schveighoffer wrote: >>> "Walter Bright" wrote >>>> Steven Schveighoffer wrote: >>>>> It's very alarming to me that something like this just has no problem >>>>> getting in the language without community feedback. >>>> It's there at the moment so we can look at it and see if we like it. I >>>> know Andrei likes it. Anyhow, this is the opportunity for community >>>> feedback. >>> Well, here is my feedback. >>> >>> First, I hate it when D has two ways of doing something. For example, C >>> style array declarations, or function pointers. But those have good >>> reasons. We want the new style because it's unambiguous and >>> context-free, but we want the old style to allow easy porting of C code. >> I agree that D should not gratuitously define two ways of doing something. >> >>> But this change has no qualities I can see except that Andrei thinks it >>> looks better (at least, that's the only reason he's given). >> Believes, not thinks :o). > > yes, of course, my bad. > >>> There are not compatibility issues with C or some other language, it's >>> just a new syntax that looks different. Are there problems with the >>> original !()? Please give a reason for this addition besides asthetics, >>> and then we can discuss the merits. Or if the community overwhelmingly >>> loves this new syntax, I guess that's a good reason. Otherwise, I think >>> it should be rejected on the simple principle of not fixing things that >>> aren't broken. >> There are no objective differences, only the subjective arguments I >> brought based on linguistic conotations of "!". And actually I didn't come >> up with that argument - it literally came to me. Word followed by >> exclamation mark. Our brains are wired to interpret that as an >> exclamation. If it's frequent enough in code, it becomes really jarring. > > For what it's worth, I never had a 'jarring' experience with the ! syntax. > It reads perfectly fine to me, and I actually like it. > >> The one way to figure whether you'd aesthetically like something or not is >> to try it on some code. Unfortunately, that's not yet possible until the >> next release (Walter was kind enough to send me an alpha for a test >> drive). So my only request is kindly please hold off judgment until you >> can play with the notation and see how you feel. > > Firstly, I won't be playing with it unless it's released for D1 (which I > doubt), and secondly, I don't think it's worth the effort to have something > like this changed for minor annoyance. Since it's completely engrained on > our brains already and we get along fine with !, there should have to be a > really good reason to change it. 'looking better' doesn't strike me as a > really good reason, especially when it is subjective (and especially when I > disagree with the opinion). This seems like a bicycle shed issue to me. hehe... how about we swap '!' for '.' and in exchange we get to use something other than 'enum' for manifest constants ;-) Sean Andrei Alexandrescu wrote: > Hello, > > > (Background: Walter has kindly allowed ".()" as an alternative to the > ugly "!()" for template argument specifications.) > > Just a quick question - I am feeling an increasing desire to add a > template called Positive to std.typecons. Then Positive.(real) would > restrict its values to only positive real numbers etc. > > The implementation would accept conversion from its base type, e.g. > Positive.(real) can be constructed from a real. The constructor enforces > dynamically the condition. Also, Positive.(real) accepts implicit > conversion to real (no checking necessary). > > There are many places in which Positive can be useful, most notably > specifications of interfaces. For example: > > Positive.(real) sqrt(Positive.(real) x); > > These specifications are also efficient because checking for positivity > is done outside sqrt; if you had a Positive.(real) to start with, there > is no cascading checking necessary so there's one test less to do. > > However, there is also the risk that Positive has the same fate the many > SafeInt implementation have had in C++: many defined them, nobody used > them. What do you think? If you had Positive in std and felt like > crunching some numbers, would you use it? > > In order to get things really started, there's already been an exchange > with Walter on the matter. His reply was (I haven't asked for > permission, but I'm pretty sure he'd agree making it public): > > ============== > Honestly, I wouldn't use it. I'd rather have an in contract for sqrt > that asserts the argument is positive. Also, this opens the door to > Negative, NegativeOrZero, ZeroOrInfinity, Odd, Even, Prime, > SixOrFifteen, etc. > ============== > > My answer to that was: > > ============== > About contracts: Let me explain how I think that's inferior to Positive > in two ways. > > 1. Enough functions are defined on positive numbers only, to justify > factoring that contract out of the functions themselves. > > 2. The efficiency perk is that when using several such functions > together, there's only one check; once in Positive-land, no more checks > are necessary. > > About proliferation of types: I don't think that follows at all. Math > found positive numbers special enough to dedicate them a special > notation (|R with subscript "+"). There's also a special notation for > nonzero real numbers (|R with superscript "*"). There is no special > notation for any of the sets you mentioned. That is bound to mean > something. > ============== > > I'm interesting in further arguments. This feature is a numbers issue > (pun not intended), meaning it will be any good only if enough people > find it useful enough to actually use it in their own code and > libraries, therefore building momentum behind it. > > > Andrei As others have mentioned. Why a second class form of range restriction? Why not a first class implementation like ADA's with ranges and subranges as specific typedefs? I know it would be more work for the compiler writer to implement (if it can't be done in templates) however I prefer more generic solutions then having many once-off solutions that crudely fit together. Being able to simply pick a type that is within the range needed would save having to write contracts and static contracts all over the place. It also a great form of documentation. I would find that useful, particularly when working with algorithms that traverse arrays in specific sequences such as spacial data structures but need to maintain certain constraints. -Joel On 2008-10-05 01:14:17 -0400, Andrei Alexandrescu <SeeWebsiteForEmail@erdani.org> said: > I don't favor "." any more than the next guy, but I am glad there is > awareness of how unfit a choice "!" is. If you have any ideas, please > post them! Ah! I! Exclaimed! Again! Hum, I don't think we have much choice, it'll have to be something in this lot: Positive!(real)(joke); Positive.(real)(joke); Positive#(real)(joke); Positive@(real)(joke); Positive&(real)(joke); Positive`(real)(joke); Positive´(real)(joke); Positive^(real)(joke); Positive¨(real)(joke); Positive\(real)(joke); Anything else I forgot? Or we could use special delimiter characters: Positive<real>(joke); Positive“real”(joke); Positive«real»(joke); Positive#real@(joke); Each having its own problem though. My preference still goes to "!(". - - - The ".(" syntax makes me think more of something like this: void func(T, alias methodOfT, A...)(T obj, A args) { obj.(methodOfT)(args); } which I which I could do. If methodOfT was a string, I suppose I could use string mixins, but it pushes diagnostics about misnamed methods further in the template and requires adding quotes to the template parameter when instanciating. -- Michel Fortin michel.fortin@michelf.com http://michelf.com/
2024-03-20T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1475
Sale of Golden State Warriors Nearly Complete? The San Fransisco Chronicle has sources with slightly conflicting information about how close the deal is to being completed with Larry Ellison: “Billionaire software titan Larry Ellison is close to acquiring the Warriors from the team’s current owner, Chris Cohan, sources close to the negotiations said Tuesday night. According to those sources, Ellison, CEO of Oracle Corp., outbid 24-Hour Fitness founder Mark Mastrov, among others. If the current deal is completed, Ellison would control 80 percent of the franchise, and incumbent minority owners Michael Marks, Jim Davidson, John Thompson and Fred Harman would retain their stakes. Sources vary greatly on the final price tag, ranging from those who believe Ellison will pay close to his initial bid of $315 million to others who think the price tag will top the $401 million cost, the NBA record, of the Phoenix Suns in 2004. There are sources who believe the deal was completed late Tuesday night, and others who characterized the conclusion merely as ‘imminent.’”
2024-05-12T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8103
Video Of Pradeep S. Mohan, MD Our Statistics 60 Specialized Services 2 Medical Branches 15000 Successful Surgeries The most positive experience I have ever had with a doctor! I have never felt more comfortable with a doctor/patient relationship than my experience with Dr. Mohan and his staff. It is easy to tell when people actually care and when they don’t……these people really care about their patients. I’m so thankful they were there when I needed help so badly. Dr. Mohan has always made me feel like family. His detailed explanations of the diagnosis and procedure process make it easier to understand what is going on and going to happen. Dr. Mohan and his entire staff are always friendly and caring and show the utmost respect towards patients, not only myself but others. Very friendly and calm atmosphere in his office. Dr. Mohan has helped me understand so much about my health and helped me be educated on what’s the best options for me. Dr. Mohan has made this terrible experience so wonderful. The care and respect given to my son and our family is beyond compare. I’m so thankful. He is very accurate. He was always on call would answer my phone calls any time I needed to speak with him. Very thoughtful he stayed with me after my surgery and made sure i was doing well. I’m a mother of 3 and with that came a 3 in muscle gap and an umbilical hernia that made me live my life in unbelievable pain for 9 years. In 9 years I went to see different doctors and all of them would tell me that I would loose my belly button. One day a friend told me about Dr. Mohan and I quickly made an appointment. When I walked into his office and met his staff I quickly knew that he would be my doctor. I ended up with a tummy tuck and a hernia repair and I couldnt be more happy! Michael RichardsSan Antonio, TX Sara P.San Antonio, TX Jessica M.San Antonio, TX J.K.San Antonio, TX Ruby S. San Antonio Book An Appointment with Dr. Mohan Your Name (required) Your Email (required) Your Phone (required) Subject Your Message Our Locations Live Oak, TX 12315 Judson RdLive Oak, TX 78233 (973) 780-5805 Cibolo, TX 4200 Green Valley Rd. Cibolo, TX 78108 (973) 486-4862 Dr. Mohan is known for his individualized and comprehensive treatment plans and his dedication to perfection that results in total patent satisfaction.
2023-09-13T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5900
Q: Spring Cloud Stream dynamic destination partitionCount property I would like to use the BinderAwareChannelResolver bean in order to send message to Kafka with a topic name that is resolved on runtime. My problem is that the partitionCount in the BindingProperties of this topic defaults to 1. This value does not reflect the true number of partitions when this topic already existed in Kafka and also when this topic is created by the client (with partition count equal to the minPartitionCount configuration value). How can I make this property reflect the true number of partitions? A: BindingProperties are never updated to reflect the physical topic configuration; the properties are used for configuration only. With 2.0, you can use a NewBindingCallback<KafkaProducerProperties> to modify the properties for a dynamic destination - see the documentation.
2024-01-09T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9122
Production of a tumor cytolytic factor(s) by activated human alveolar macrophages and its action. When human alveolar macrophages (AM) lavaged from healthy donors were incubated in medium with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or muramyl dipeptide, they released a factor(s) responsible for tumor cell killing. The activity of the tumor cytolytic factor(s), called TCF, was determined by radioactive release assay. Human AM released variable amounts of TCF into the culture medium without any stimulation, but the release was stimulated significantly by LPS (0.1 micrograms/ml) or muramyl dipeptide (1 micrograms/ml). Maximal production of TCF by the AM was detected in the supernatant after treatment for 3 hr with LPS, and the extent of TCF release correlated with the density of AM. In cultures with LPS, the ability of activated AM to secrete TCF was maintained for 48 hr but was lost by 96 hr. After its loss, the ability to produce TCF could be restored by a second treatment with LPS. Full expression of lysis by TCF to lyse tumor cells required its interaction with tumor cells for at least 24 hr. TCF destroyed human allogeneic tumor cell lines but did not affect nonneoplastic cell lines. TCF activity was resistant to treatment with protease inhibitors, superoxide dismutase, or catalase and to heating at 70 degrees for 1 hr, but it was labile on heating at 100 degrees for 10 min. The tumoricidal activity in the supernatant of activated human AM indicates a potential effector mechanism by which AM kill neoplastic cells.
2023-10-16T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6877
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2024-02-09T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7184
Q: Flask socketio not receiving any message from javascript even after the connection is established I am trying to get response from javascript after the connection is established between the flask and javascript.The onconnect() function is working properly but onmessage() is not. I tried broadcast along with the emit method in javascript too but it's not working. This is my app.py app=Flask(__name__) bootstrap=Bootstrap(app) socketio=SocketIO(app) app.config['SECRET_KEY']="MY_KEY" @app.route('/') def login(): return render_template('index.html') @app.route('/home',methods=['GET','POST']) def home(): if(request.method=='POST'): data=request.form name=data['name'] return render_template('message.html',name=name) else: return render_template('index.html') @socketio.on('connect') def onconnect(): print("connect") @socketio.on('message') def onmessage(message): print('message') if(__name__=='__main__'): socketio.run(app) and this is my javascript file const ws =io.connect(window.location.href) ws.on('connect', function() { console.log("Connection estalished") ws.emit("adsd",broadcast=true) }); EDIT: There is a mistake in the javscript. const ws =io() This should be used for establishing the connection , not the previous method. My Project is completed. Link for the github project A: First of all, only the server can broadcast, clients can only emit to the server. Second, you are emitting an event named adsd, so you need to add a handler for that event in your server. For example: @socketio.on('adsd') def adsd_handler(): print('got adsd!')
2023-10-17T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7849
@qazox: I remember that joke from the Dragon Age Inquisition hype train. It was about Cole, a sweet, selfless boy (literally could not be selfish to save his life) who could peek into your thoughts and use them to psychoanalyze you. Also he carried daggers. My point being that I would prefer him to the guy who just flipped-turned upside down the last TC. The sad thing is that I can agree with Liz here. Desmond might still think that he has the power over her just as Ivan tries to influence Amelia but he's still underestimating the girls. Desmond will end up being the next Claus if this continues, no matter how hard he tries to assure his position. It is pretty funny that Desmond's and Ivan's holds on their respective female partners each went down the tube, and neither of them really know it yet. They really are playing an identical game. Before you know it, they'll both be voted off in a double tribal council... #ExplainJake2015 Jake deserves an explanation SWSU. He has proven to be real from casting tribal council votes (and actually being read aloud by Jeff), and by voting in that numbers challenge when Hunter was voted off. Not to mention his voting sprite box shows no white background in his sprite. I will continue this hashtag untill you tell us all about him. If there's more to it, hope we see it soon enough, and not until the finale. Anyway, a brand new alliance. Probably won't last very long... EDIT: And for that matter, why didn't Stagg or someone else question this before? If there were only eight people on Go'Jonga, how come they didn't question the extra vote at the end of Mikah or Tyra's boots? Both got counted; all ten votes at each boot were. This will end badly, I can already tell. Hopefully it doesn't spell doom for Liz and JoJo. I'd like it if both of them made the merge. However, with Yukie's insight, I have a feeling that that's an unrealistic goal. Although, I do like the complete absence of Jake. Let's keep it that way ^^
2024-03-25T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6100
— Chil­dren with the inat­ten­tive type of ADHD (ADHD‑I) show high rates of atten­tion dif­fi­cul­ties with­out the hyper­ac­tive and impul­sive behav­ior shown by chil­dren with ADHD Com­bined Type (ADHD‑C). The inat­ten­tive type of ADHD is quite com­mon and is asso­ci­at­ed with sig­nif­i­cant impair­ment with school work, plan­ning and orga­ni­za­tion­al skills, pro­cess­ing speed, and peer rela­tions. Even so, chil­dren with ADHD‑I tend to be iden­ti­fied lat­er than those with ADHD‑C, per­haps because they do not typ­i­cal­ly dis­play the dis­rup­tive behav­ior prob­lems that com­mand par­ents’ atten­tion ear­ly on. They are also less dis­rup­tive in the class­room and teach­ers may be less aware that they are strug­gling aca­d­e­m­i­cal­ly. Most treat­ment research on ADHD has been focused on chil­dren with ADHD‑C. For exam­ple, the MTA Study — the largest ADHD treat­ment study ever con­duct­ed — includ­ed only chil­dren with ADHD‑C. The role of med­ica­tion treat­ment for ADHD‑I is less well doc­u­ment­ed than for ADHD‑C. Med­ica­tion ben­e­fits may be less obvi­ous in chil­dren with ADHD‑I because they exhib­it less dis­rup­tive and impul­sive behav­ior. Par­ents may be less will­ing to med­icate their chil­dren with ADHD‑I because their behav­ior prob­lems are less overt. And, med­ica­tion alone may be less effec­tive for the aca­d­e­m­ic strug­gles that are espe­cial­ly impor­tant in chil­dren with ADHD‑I. Behav­ioral treat­ments for ADHD have also been devel­oped pri­mar­i­ly to meet the needs of chil­dren with ADHD‑C, as many behav­ioral inter­ven­tions focus on reduc­ing dis­rup­tive and impul­sive behav­ior and typ­i­cal­ly devote less atten­tion to pro­mot­ing alert­ness, orga­ni­za­tion and plan­ning skills. Because tra­di­tion­al behav­ioral treat­ments are not tai­lored to the spe­cif­ic needs of chil­dren with ADHD‑I they may be less effec­tive for these chil­dren. The lack of inter­ven­tions specif­i­cal­ly matched to the impair­ments expe­ri­enced by most chil­dren with ADHD‑I was addressed in a study pub­lished recent­ly in the Jour­nal of Con­sult­ing and Clin­i­cal Psy­chol­o­gy [Pfiffn­er et al., (2014). A two-site ran­dom­ized clin­i­cal tri­al of inte­grat­ed psy­choso­cial treat­ment for ADHD-Inat­ten­tive Type. Par­tic­i­pants were 199 7–11 year-old chil­dren (58% boys) diag­nosed with ADHD‑I. These chil­dren were recruit­ed from via mail­ings to prin­ci­ples, school men­tal health providers, pedi­a­tri­cians, and child men­tal health pro­fes­sion­als. Fol­low­ing an ini­tial phone screen­ing for ADHD‑I con­duct­ed with par­ents and teach­ers, struc­tured inter­views were con­duct­ed in per­son to con­firm that all par­tic­i­pants met full DSM-IV cri­te­ria for ADHD‑I. These par­tic­i­pants were ran­dom­ly assigned to 1 of 3 treat­ment con­di­tions: Child Life and Atten­tion Skills (CLAS), a new­ly devel­oped treat­ment designed specif­i­cal­ly for chil­dren with ADHD‑I; Par­ent-focus treat­ment (PFT), a behav­ioral par­ent train­ing pro­gram, and Treat­ment as Usu­al (TAU), in which par­ents pur­sued what­ev­er treat­ment they chose to. These treat­ments are described below. Child Life and Attention Skills (CLAS) The CLAS inter­ven­tion includ­ed par­ent, teacher, and child com­po­nents. Par­ent com­po­nent — The par­ent com­po­nent includ­ed 10 90-minute par­ent group meet­ings and up to 6 30-minute fam­i­ly meet­ings. Dur­ing group meet­ings, par­ents were edu­cat­ed about ADHD‑I and how it impact­ed chil­dren’s func­tion­ing. They learned strate­gies that includ­ed effec­tive­ly using rewards and pos­i­tive con­se­quences, estab­lish­ing dai­ly rou­tines, giv­ing effec­tive direc­tions, avoid­ing pow­er strug­gles, stress man­age­ment, how to orga­nize and struc­ture their home to pro­mote their child’s adap­tive func­tion­ing, and how to use neg­a­tive con­se­quences. Rel­a­tive to tra­di­tion­al ADHD par­ent­ing pro­grams, greater atten­tion was paid to teach­ing par­ents how to address exec­u­tive func­tion­ing deficits that char­ac­ter­ize many chil­dren with ADHD‑I, e.g., plan­ning, orga­niz­ing, work­ing mem­o­ry, pri­or­i­tiz­ing). For exam­ple, they were taught how to set up spe­cif­ic rou­tines for get­ting home­work done and for help­ing chil­dren to orga­nize the var­i­ous tasks they need­ed to com­plete. Each week they were giv­en home­work that involved prac­tic­ing and imple­ment­ing spe­cif­ic skills at home; these assign­ments and trou­bleshoot­ing prob­lems par­ents had imple­ment­ing new strate­gies were dis­cuss at each ses­sion before new con­tent was intro­duced. Par­ents were also taught skills for inter­act­ing effec­tive­ly with teach­ers and how to help devel­op, eval­u­ate, and rein­force class­room inter­ven­tions devel­oped in con­junc­tion with their child’s teacher. Child com­po­nent — The child com­po­nent includ­ed 10 90-minute child group meet­ings focused on teach­ing chil­dren skills for inde­pen­dence, e.g., aca­d­e­m­ic, study, and orga­ni­za­tion­al skills, and social skills, e.g., con­ver­sa­tion­al skills, deal­ing with teas­ing, friend­ship mak­ing, etc. Chil­dren were also taught strate­gies to pro­mote atten­tion, time man­age­ment skills, and task com­ple­tion. Spe­cif­ic plans were devel­oped for morn­ing, after school and evening rou­tines with tasks and activ­i­ties spec­i­fied clear­ly. Role plays were used fre­quent­ly in teach­ing and prac­tic­ing the skills and rewards were pro­vid­ed to improve the use of skills taught. The lat­ter was done through hav­ing chil­dren bring in records from their par­ents and teacher indi­cat­ing how well they had done in meet­ing spe­cif­ic home and school chal­lenges that required the use of new­ly devel­op­ing skills. Teacher com­po­nent — The teacher com­po­nent includ­ed an ini­tial 30-minute ori­en­ta­tion meet­ing with the teacher, child, parent(s) and ther­a­pist fol­lowed by up to 5 sub­se­quent meet­ings. Teach­ers were giv­en an overview of ADHD‑I, how it affects chil­dren in the class­room, and taught strate­gies for pro­mot­ing chil­dren’s atten­tion and orga­ni­za­tion­al skills. They also set up a dai­ly report card sys­tem called the Class­room Chal­lenge in which they rat­ed chil­dren 3 times per day on up to 4 spe­cif­ic goal behav­iors. These includ­ed such behav­iors as ‘get­ting start­ed right away’, ‘fin­ish­ing work on time’, and ‘turn­ing in home­work’. Spe­cif­ic social behav­iors, e.g., ‘play­ing with a peer at recess’, were also includ­ed. These rat­ings were tak­en home dai­ly so that par­ents were informed about their child’s progress on impor­tant school goals. Teach­ers were instruct­ed on the skills chil­dren were work­ing on in the child group and how to sup­port and rein­force those skills. Par­ent focused train­ing (PFT) — PFT includ­ed only the par­ent train­ing com­po­nent from CLAS. The skills taught were iden­ti­cal to those described above but did not include train­ing par­ents to work effec­tive­ly with teach­ers. There was no child skills group,direct con­sul­ta­tion with teach­ers, or home-school dai­ly report card. Treat­ment as usu­al (TAU) — When chil­dren were assigned to this con­di­tion, par­ents received a list of com­mu­ni­ty treat­ment providers but were not giv­en spe­cif­ic treat­ment rec­om­men­da­tions — what they pur­sued was up to them. Four­teen per­cent of these chil­dren went on to receive med­ica­tion treat­ment, one-third received some form of psy­chother­a­py (child ther­a­py or par­ent­ing group), 51% received edu­ca­tion­al inter­ven­tion at school, and 53% received some type of class­room accom­mo­da­tion. Mea­sures — Data was col­lect­ed from both par­ents and teach­ers before treat­ment began, imme­di­ate­ly fol­low­ing treat­ment, and 5 to 7 months after treat­ment end­ed. The lat­ter assess­ment occurred dur­ing the fol­low­ing school year when chil­dren were with a new teacher. At each time point,ratings were col­lect­ed to mea­sure the pres­ence of DSM-IV inat­ten­tive symp­toms, orga­ni­za­tion­al skills rel­e­vant to aca­d­e­m­ic suc­cess, and social skills. Par­ents and teach­ers rat­ed chil­dren’s over­all improve­ment from base­line imme­di­ate­ly after treat­ment; par­ents com­plet­ed a sim­i­lar rat­ing at the long-term fol­low up. Results Post-treat­ment — Imme­di­ate­ly fol­low­ing treat­ment, par­ent and teacher rat­ings indi­cat­ed that com­pared to chil­dren in TAU chil­dren in CLAS showed few­er inat­ten­tive symp­toms, bet­ter orga­ni­za­tion­al skills, bet­ter social skills, and greater over­all improve­ment. The mag­ni­tude of the group dif­fer­ences were in the mod­er­ate to large range. Accord­ing to par­ents, near­ly 55% of CLAS par­tic­i­pants now showed ‘nor­mal­ized’ lev­els of inat­ten­tive symp­toms com­pared to only 30% TAU chil­dren. For teach­ers, the cor­re­spond­ing fig­ures 58% vs. 33% Dif­fer­ences between CLAS and PFT were more mod­est but still evi­dent on teacher rat­ings of inat­ten­tive symp­toms, par­ent and teacher rat­ings of orga­ni­za­tion­al skills, teacher rat­ings of social skills, and teacher rat­ings of over­all improve­ment. Effect sizes were small to mod­er­ate. Nor­mal­ized inat­ten­tive symp­toms for PFT chil­dren were report­ed by 43% of par­ents (vs. 55% for CLAS) and 44% of teach­ers (vs. 58% for CLAS). These dif­fer­ences were not sig­nif­i­cant. Fol­low-up — At the 5–7 month fol­low-up CLAS remained supe­ri­or to TAU based on par­ent rat­ings of inat­ten­tive symp­toms, orga­ni­za­tion­al skills, and over­all improve­ment. Dif­fer­ences between CLAS and PFT were only evi­dent for orga­ni­za­tion­al skills and the effect size was mod­est. For teacher rat­ings (as not­ed above, these were rat­ings pro­vid­ed by a new teacher as chil­dren had advanced to the next grade) CLAS was not supe­ri­or to TAU or PFT on any mea­sure. Con­sumer sat­is­fac­tion — Par­ents and teach­ers report­ed a high lev­el of sat­is­fac­tion with CLAS. Over 95% felt the child and par­ent skills taught were very use­ful and 96% would rec­om­mend the pro­gram to oth­ers. Nine­ty-four per­cent of teach­ers in CLAS felt the inter­ven­tion was help­ful and 83% said they would be like­ly to con­tin­ue to pro­gram. In addi­tion, approx­i­mate­ly 80% of par­ents in the PFT would have pre­ferred to have had the child and teacher com­po­nents to sup­ple­ment the par­ent train­ing they received. Summary and Implications The authors of this study made a laud­able effort to design a psy­choso­cial inter­ven­tion specif­i­cal­ly tai­lored to meet the needs of chil­dren with ADHD‑I. The inter­ven­tion they designed was thor­ough and com­pre­hen­sive, and care­ful­ly inte­grat­ed work with par­ents, teach­ers and chil­dren. Teach­ing par­ents how to work effec­tive­ly with teach­ers to sup­port their child — some­thing that often proves chal­leng­ing for par­ents — was an espe­cial­ly nice fea­ture of the inter­ven­tion. In many ways, results from the study are high­ly encour­ag­ing. Imme­di­ate­ly fol­low­ing treat­ment, both par­ents and teach­ers report­ed supe­ri­or gains across mul­ti­ple areas for chil­dren who received CLAS com­pared to either PFT or TAU. In sev­er­al instances, dif­fer­ences between CLAS and the oth­er groups were of sub­stan­tial mag­ni­tude. And, it was clear that par­ents and teacher were high­ly sat­is­fied with the pro­gram and believed that it had real val­ue. Against this pos­i­tive back­drop, there are sev­er­al con­cerns to keep in mind. The first con­cerns the fea­si­bil­i­ty of pro­vid­ing this inter­ven­tion out­side of a grant fund­ed research project. CLAS involved 10 1.5 hour meet­ings with par­ents and chil­dren, and up to 6 30-minute meet­ings with teach­ers. Deliv­er­ing this in a reg­u­lar com­mu­ni­ty set­ting could be chal­leng­ing and the extend to which this could hap­pen remains unknown. Sec­ond, an impor­tant study lim­i­ta­tion is that out­come mea­sures were restrict­ed to the par­ents and teach­ers who par­tic­i­pat­ed in the inter­ven­tion. One could argue that they had a vest­ed inter­est in the treat­men­t’s suc­cess, giv­en the time and effort they had devot­ed to it. Although par­ents in PFT had also devot­ed sig­nif­i­cant time, the effort required by CLAS was still greater. As a result, the rat­ings pro­vid­ed by par­ents — and espe­cial­ly by teach­ers — may have been influ­enced by this fac­tor in favor of CLAS rel­a­tive to the oth­er inter­ven­tions. This is espe­cial­ly con­cern­ing giv­en that teacher rat­ings at fol­low-up showed no ben­e­fi­cial effects of CLAS com­pared to PFT or TAU. Recall that these rat­ings were com­plet­ed by a new teacher who may have been unaware of treat­ments chil­dren and par­ents had received. In a sense, these were the only ‘blind’ rat­ings in the study, and the fact that no effects were found on any of the mea­sures rais­es some ques­tions about the valid­i­ty of the oth­er rat­ings. This is an impor­tant study lim­i­ta­tion that the authors appro­pri­ate­ly acknowl­edge, and they note that includ­ing objec­tive mea­sures of out­come such as ‘blind’ obser­va­tions of “…par­ent-child inter­ac­tions, class­room behav­ior and/or peer inter­ac­tions, home­work prod­ucts, or tests of aca­d­e­m­ic achieve­ment would avoid these rater bias­es and are impor­tant to include in future stud­ies.” These lim­i­ta­tions not with­stand­ing, the valu­able con­tri­bu­tion of this study is in devel­op­ing a psy­choso­cial inter­ven­tion that is specif­i­cal­ly tai­lored to the needs of chil­dren with ADHD‑I, some­thing that is long over­due. I par­tic­u­lar­ly appre­ci­at­ed the efforts to help par­ents devel­op the skills and knowl­edge to work effec­tive­ly with their child’s teacher to pro­mote his/her suc­cess at school. This is an impor­tant effort and pro­vides a strong foun­da­tion on which oth­er researchers can build. – Dr. David Rabin­er is a child clin­i­cal psy­chol­o­gist and Direc­tor of Under­grad­u­ate Stud­ies in the Depart­ment of Psy­chol­ogy and Neu­ro­science at Duke Uni­ver­sity. He pub­lishes Atten­tion Research Update, an online newslet­ter that helps par­ents, pro­fes­sion­als, and edu­ca­tors keep up with the lat­est research on ADHD, and teach­es the online course How to Nav­i­gate Con­ven­tion­al and Com­ple­men­tary ADHD Treat­ments for Healthy Brain Devel­op­ment. To learn more:
2023-09-24T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4900
// This code is derived from jcifs smb client library <jcifs at samba dot org> // Ported by J. Arturo <webmaster at komodosoft dot net> // // This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or // modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public // License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either // version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. // // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU // Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public // License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software // Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA using System; namespace SharpCifs.Smb { internal class SmbComWrite : ServerMessageBlock { private int _fid; private int _count; private int _offset; private int _remaining; private int _off; private byte[] _b; public SmbComWrite() { Command = SmbComWrite; } internal SmbComWrite(int fid, int offset, int remaining, byte[] b, int off, int len ) { this._fid = fid; _count = len; this._offset = offset; this._remaining = remaining; this._b = b; this._off = off; Command = SmbComWrite; } internal virtual void SetParam(int fid, long offset, int remaining, byte[] b, int off, int len) { this._fid = fid; this._offset = (int)(offset & unchecked(0xFFFFFFFFL)); this._remaining = remaining; this._b = b; this._off = off; _count = len; Digest = null; } internal override int WriteParameterWordsWireFormat(byte[] dst, int dstIndex) { int start = dstIndex; WriteInt2(_fid, dst, dstIndex); dstIndex += 2; WriteInt2(_count, dst, dstIndex); dstIndex += 2; WriteInt4(_offset, dst, dstIndex); dstIndex += 4; WriteInt2(_remaining, dst, dstIndex); dstIndex += 2; return dstIndex - start; } internal override int WriteBytesWireFormat(byte[] dst, int dstIndex) { int start = dstIndex; dst[dstIndex++] = 0x01; WriteInt2(_count, dst, dstIndex); dstIndex += 2; Array.Copy(_b, _off, dst, dstIndex, _count); dstIndex += _count; return dstIndex - start; } internal override int ReadParameterWordsWireFormat(byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex ) { return 0; } internal override int ReadBytesWireFormat(byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex) { return 0; } public override string ToString() { return "SmbComWrite[" + base.ToString() + ",fid=" + _fid + ",count=" + _count + ",offset=" + _offset + ",remaining=" + _remaining + "]"; } } }
2024-06-18T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1166
#include "ofMain.h" #include "ofApp.h" //======================================================================== int main( ){ ofSetupOpenGL(700,200, OF_WINDOW); // <-------- setup the GL context // this kicks off the running of my app // can be OF_WINDOW or OF_FULLSCREEN // pass in width and height too: ofRunApp( new ofApp()); }
2023-09-24T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8568
Has the originally announced two-part Justice League movie event been demoted into one film? Or is that a bit of perception wrangling? We find out the answers on the set of Justice League, talking to director Zack Sndyer and producer Deborah Snyder. Shortly after the release of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, there was some doubt from Jesse Eisenberg regarding his return as Lex Luthor for Justice League. The DC Comics superhero ensemble was on the verge of starting production, but the actor wasn’t sure if he was needed just yet. But that seems to have changed in the past couple months. While appearing at MCM London Comic-Con over the weekend, Jesse Eisenberg confirmed that we’ll see the return of Lex Luthor in Justice League. And if the previous rumor is to be believed, that means we’ll have at least two villains appearing in the film. Read More » As the newest big-screen iteration of Batman, Ben Affleck already plays a key role in Warner Bros.’ DC Extended Universe. Affleck’s Dark Knight made his debut in this spring’s Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and will be back onscreen for this summer’s Suicide Squad, and then he’ll get his own solo movie in the not-too-distant future with Affleck himself behind the camera. And as if all that weren’t enough, Affleck is now digging even deeper into the future of the franchise. The two-time Oscar winner has signed on to executive produce the upcoming Justice League movie, which he’s already starring in for director Zack Snyder. Read More » In just a few weeks, Justice League starts production. Since this will be the first time Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, Aquaman and Cyborg will be seen on the big screen at the same time, it’s bound to be bigger than even Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. Of course, that all depends on whether or not the fans who were disappointed by Zack Snyder‘s comic book battle are willing to give him another chance for the DC Comics superhero ensemble. We’re still not sure what the story will be in Justice League, but it sounds like Jesse Eisenberg may not be reprising his role as the villain Lex Luthor, at least for the first part of the two-part DC Comics flick. Read what Eisenberg had to say about Lex Luthor in Justice League after the jump, but beware of spoilers for Batman v Superman. Read More » J.K. Simmons, known to comic book movie fans as the guy who spent three films yelling at Spider-Man, will get to yell at some DC characters for a change. He’s just been cast as Commissioner James Gordon in Justice League, which begins shooting this spring under director Zack Snyder for release in 2017. Read More » Warner Bros. has already assembled most of its Justice League. We’ve got Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as the Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Cyborg. But the seventh member of the team has remained a big fat question mark. At this point, despite the fact that Green Lantern Corps already has a 2020 release date locked in, we don’t even know which Green Lantern(s) will eventually suit up, much less who’ll play him (or them). And it may that stay for a while. Although many had hoped we’d get our first look at a Green Lantern in 2017’s Justice League: Part One or even this spring’s Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Warner Bros. says we won’t meet him until 2019’s Justice League: Part Two — or possibly even later. Read More » Justice won’t dawn on the DC Extended Universe until March 25, but Warner Bros. isn’t wasting any time gearing up for its first full-fledged Justice League movie. The studio announced today that Justice League: Part One is officially set to begin shooting this spring in England and Iceland, under the direction of Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice director Zack Snyder. The announcement comes just in time to counter recent rumors that Justice League could be in trouble thanks to Warner Bros.’ concerns about Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. Read More » In an effort to help hype tonight’s TV special DC Films Presents: The Dawn of the Justice League on The CW, Warner Bros. Pictures has unveiled a piece of Justice League concept art featuring the whole team standing together. And that means we get our first look at what Ray Fisher and Ezra Miller may look like as Cyborg and The Flash, respectively. But where is Green Lantern? Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice won’t even hit theaters for another eight months, but the DC Cinematic Universe has no time to waste. We now have confirmation that shooting that Wonder Woman shoot date is set for this fall, while cameras on Justice League will roll next spring. More details on the Justice League and Wonder Woman shooting schedule after the jump. Read More » Batman v Superman director Zack Snyder has been quiet on social media for the past several months, but he returned in a big way late Thursday night. He did so by revealing the first image of Jason Momoa as DC’s Aquaman. See the first Jason Momoa Aquaman movie photo in full below. Read More »
2024-06-08T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4154
422 S.W.2d 773 (1967) PROCTER & GAMBLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY et al., Appellants, v. Virginia LANGLEY et al., Appellees. No. 16971. Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Dallas. November 10, 1967. Rehearing Denied December 29, 1967. *774 James A. Williams, of Bailey, Williams, Weber & Allums, Dallas, for appellants. Joann Peters, of Welz, Anderson, Rogers & Peters, Dallas, for appellees. DIXON, Chief Justice. This is a products liability case. Appellees Virginia Langley and husband, Willis Langley, sued appellants Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Company, Procter & Gamble Distributing Company and Tom Thumb Stores, Inc. for damages alleged to have resulted from the use by Mrs. Langley of home permanent hair wave products called "Milk Wave Lilt."[1] Appellees allege that the three appellants are respectively the manufacturer, the wholesale distributor and the retail seller of the products. In their pleadings appellees allege specifically that appellants Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Company and Procter & Gamble Distributing Company impliedly warranted that Milk Wave Lilt was fit for home permanent hair waving, was wholesome and noninjurious and did not contain any harmful substance. No such allegations were directed specifically at appellant Tom Thumb Stores, Inc., but it was alleged generally that the product was not fit for use "as warranted by defendants." A jury made findings that (1) Virginia Langley purchased from Tom Thumb Stores, Inc. a box of "New Milk Wave Lilt Home Permanent" preparation, (2) which preparation she applied; (3) she lost hair from her head following such application; (4) the product was a proximate cause of such loss of hair; (5) the product was unmerchantable and unfit for the purpose for which it was intended; (6) Virginia Langley failed to make a 10 minute test curl to see if her hair could take a wave before applying the product; (7) but such failure was not negligence; (9) during the application of the product the strands of hair felt sticky and gummy; (10) after her hair felt sticky and gummy, she failed to use liquid neutralizer at once; (11) but such failure was not negligence; (13) she waved more hair after feeling strands of hair which were sticky and gummy; (14) but such act was not negligence. Appellants filed motions for instructed verdict, for judgment non obstante veredicto, and for the court to disregard certain issues. These motions were overruled. Judgment was rendered in favor of appellees for $5,549.25, the amount of damages found by the jury. EVIDENCE 1. Mrs. Langley's Testimony. Virginia Langley testified that she purchased the boxed package of home permanent wave products after watching a television commercial advertising them. In her home, after mixing the powder product with milk, she applied the preparation to her hair and almost immediately her hair started coming out. It did not come out from the roots, but broke off some distance from her scalp, with the result that her hair, which has been shoulder length and in good condition, was very short, brittle and otherwise in very poor condition, lacking its former luster, etc. Her hair continued to come out for some time and required a year to grow back. Meantime she purchased a wig for $89.00, as her hair was to unsightly to be seen by the public in performing her duties as a waitress. Mrs. Langley testified that she had in previous years given herself four home permanent waves without ill effects and had given herself one home permanent without *775 ill effects since her experience with appellants' products. Mrs. Langley did not keep or save any of the hair waving products which she claims in this instance damaged her hair. She disposed of them by throwing them away without having an analysis of them made. On the outside of the carton in which the products were packaged were the words "FOR ANY TYPE OF HAIR." However, in an accompanying pamphlet were the following explicit instructions and warnings: "BEFORE YOU START * * * * * * "Remember—you shouldn't use any permanent, unless your hair is in good condition. So, a few reminders. * * * * * * "3. If your hair is bleached, tinted or color-treated in any way or if it is in delicate condition (dry, brittle, breaking off, etc.) make test curls to see if your hair can take a wave. * * * If at any time, these strands feel sticky or gummy, use the liquid neutralizer at once and do not wave any more of your hair. If no gumminess occurs, but if your test curls, when dry, are frizzy, discolored, break easily or show any other signs of hair damage, this also means that you should not wave the rest of your hair. * * * * * * "3. TIMING Leave hair in curlers 10 minutes. Rinse wound curls with comfortably hot water. Wait 30 minutes." (Emphasis ours.) The pamphlet contained these additional warnings: "1. Keep waving powder (and when mixed, waving lotion) and liquid neutralizer out of eyes, ears, nose and mouth and off your face and neck. (Keep out of reach of children also.) * * * If any waving powder, waving lotion or liquid neutralizer does get in your eyes, ears, nose or mouth or on your face or neck, rinse it away immediately with clear water. If you spill any waving powder, waving lotion or liquid neutralizer on clothes or furniture, rinse this also with clear water." Mrs. Langley testified that she read the above instructions and warnings. She understood that the instruction and warning in regard to the strands of hair being sticky meant "Just what it says." However, her own testimony shows beyond dispute that she failed to follow but violated the above instructions in the following particulars: (1) Her hair had been tinted some time in the preceding month of August, so she did make a test curl; but she left the lotion on for only four, not for ten minutes, before checking to see if the test was all right. (2) At the end of four minutes she found the test curl was sticky; nevertheless she did not follow the direction that "If at any time these strands feel sticky or gummy use the liquid neutralizer at once and do not wave any more of your hair." (Emphasis ours.) To the contrary, she did not use the "neutralizer at once," but proceeded immediately to apply the lotion to the rest of her hair. (3) Then she left the lotion on her hair for twenty minutes—twice the time stated in the instructions. 2. Medical Evidence. Dr. Robert N. Machen, a physician and surgeon and Mrs. Langley's family physician, testified that he had treated her and prescribed medicines for her on a number of occasions between March and October of 1963, including two surgical operations under general anesthetics. So far as he knew her hair had been in good condition prior to October 1963. Mrs. Langley went to see Dr. Machen in October about her *776 hair after it began to break off. He did not undertake to treat her for this condition, but referred her to Dr. John L. Kestel, Jr., a dermatologist. Dr. John L. Kestel, Jr., the dermatologist to whom Mrs. Langley was referred, testified by deposition. His written medical report was introduced in evidence. It is as follows: "HISTORY On Oct. 12, 1963 she gave herself a milk wave Lilt Permanent. Since then she has experienced hair loss. There has been some itching present since but she does not recall marked redness, scaling, on the edges of the scalp or forehead. Last time tint on hair was August 1963. She had a D. and C. (general anaesthetic) in June 1963 and Hemorrhoid operation in August or Sept. 1963 (general Anaesthetic). She used plastic rollers when had permanent: not used nylon rollers at all. Patch tested ahead of time for 12 minutes with no reaction. "DESCRIPTION No noted hair thinning. Scalp appears normal. The distal 2/3 of all the scalp hairs are light red-blonde color, dry, loss of luster, brittle and broken off. No club hairs seen. "DIAGNOSIS Change in hair character from outside chemical or influence." Mrs. Langley's medical bills amounted to $5.00 paid to Dr. Machen and $15.00 to Dr. Kestel. 3. Mrs. Krumdieck's Testimony. Mrs. Doris Krumdieck, a teacher of cosmetology at Flatt's Beauty College, was a witness in behalf of appellees. Mrs. Krumdieck was positive in her disapproval of any and all home permanent treatments. She had never given a home permanent treatment. She knew nothing about Milk Wave Lilt. She had never examined the product and did not know the chemical content of its ingredients. She testified that a solution containing thioglycolic acid, used by professional beauticians in giving permanent hair waves, could be harmful if used to excess. She did not know whether Milk Wave Lilt contained any such acid. There is no testimony that Milk Wave Lilt contains thioglycolic acid. Appellants without avail objected to Mrs. Krumdieck's testimony. There is testimony that Milk Wave Lilt contains thioglycolate, an alkali, but no testimony that it contains thioglycolic acid. 4. Testimony of A. R. Thomas. A. R. Thomas, a chemical engineer, is manager of the hair care and new products section of the Products Research Department of Procter & Gamble Company. He testified that the basic chemical systems of Milk Wave Lilt were under investigation for six or seven years and the product itself for two or three years before being put on the market. It was tested on the hair of 1,000 to 1,500 women. The powder used is a combination of potassium thiogly-colate and a material called THAM. It is an alkaline, not an acid solution. The neutralizer consists of a 1.3% solution of hydrogen peroxide with a small amount of preservative. According to Thomas the products are harmless. He testified that Milk Wave Lilt has been marketed since 1962 with sales amounting to between four and five million units and only thirty or thirty-five complaints of hair breakage. Mr. Thomas at one point in his testimony stated that the powder mixed with milk produced a sticky lotion. A few questions later in his testimony he stated that the mixture was not sticky. OPINION Two recent cases, decided by our Supreme Court while this appeal was pending before this court, require our attention. In L. A. McKisson v. Sales Affiliates, Inc., 416 S.W.2d 787 (Tex.Sup.1967), a case *777 involving a permanent hair waving product, the doctrine of strict liability was held to be applicable to defective products which cause physical harm to persons. The doctrine had already been adopted so far as concerned foodstuffs for human consumption. Decker & Sons, Inc. v. Capps, 139 Tex. 609, 164 S.W.2d 828, 142 A.L.R. 1479 (1942). In McKisson the court quoted with approval the rule of strict liability as stated in Section 402A of the American Law Institute's Restatement of the Law of Torts (2d Ed.) and also Comments (a) and (n) under Section 402A. In the McKisson case it was held that Mrs. McKisson may have been at fault in not discovering that the product was unsuitable for bleached hair (a jury so held); but that "This species of contributory negligence is not a defense to strict liability." The court also held that privity of contract is not a requirement in strict liability cases. Shamrock Fuel & Oil Sales Co., Inc. v. Tunks, 416 S.W.2d 779 (Tex.Sup.1967), was a mandamus case involving questions of products liability. It was held that as a general rule contributory negligence is not a defense to strict liability; but that contributory negligence is a defense when it consists of a voluntary and unreasonable proceeding to encounter a known danger, as for example in assumed risk and volenti non fit injuria.[2] The court declined to pass on the question whether "improper use" is also a defense, or if allowable, is part of a plaintiff's action. In their first three points on appeal appellants attack the jury finding in answer to Special Issue No. 5 to the effect that New Milk Wave Lilt Home Permanent preparation used by Mrs. Langley was unmerchantable and unfit for the purpose for which it was intended. Appellants say there was no evidence, or there was insufficient evidence, to support the jury's finding. We agree with appellants. At the outset we are faced with the fact that Mrs. Langley disposed of all the Milk Wave Lilt products she did not use without having them chemically analyzed. Consequently there was not and could not be any direct testimony that the particular products she purchased were in any way defective or harmful if properly used. Neither do the circumstances constitute evidence to that effect. We are aware of the statement in the McKisson case: "When it is shown that the product involved comes in a sealed container, it is inferable that the product reached the consumer without substantial change in the condition in which it was sold." Mrs. Langley testified that when she bought the powder and neutralizer they were in sealed bottles. She also testified (the testimony of Thomas is inconsistent on the question) that the mixture of powder and milk was sticky. But there is no evidence that it is a defect in the lotion itself for it to be sticky before its application to the user's hair. The law which we believe to be applicable in this case is stated in Section 402A, Comment (g) of the Restatement of the Law of Torts (2d Ed.) where, speaking of strict liability it is said: "The seller is not liable when he delivers the product in a safe condition, and subsequent mishandling or other causes make it harmful by the time it is consumed. The burden of proof that the product was in a defective condition at the time that it left the hands of the particular seller is upon the injured plaintiff; and unless evidence can be produced which will support the conclusion that it was then defective, the burden is not sustained." *778 See also Corneliuson v. Arthur Drug Stores, Inc., 153 Conn. 134, 214 A.2d 676 (1965) and Rexall Drug Co. v. Nihill, 276 F.2d 637, 79 A.L.R.2d 419 (9th Cir. 1960); Prosser, "The Fall of the Citadel", 50 Minn. Law Rev. 791 (1966), reprinted in Schreiber and Rheingold, "Products Liability", page 2.50. We find no evidence that the Milk Wave Lilt purchased and used by Mrs. Langley was in defective condition at the time it left the hands of the seller, Tom Thumb Stores, Inc. Appellants' first point is sustained. If we be mistaken in the above conclusions we are nevertheless convinced that the jury's finding as to unmerchantability and unfitness is so contrary to the great weight and preponderance of the credible testimony as to be manifestly wrong. Appellants' second and third points are therefore sustained. In their fourth and fifth points appellants assert that it was error for the court to render judgment for Mrs. Langley since she failed to comply with the printed instructions for the use of the wave products. We agree with appellants. In this opinion under the heading "EVIDENCE, 1. Mrs. Langley's Testimony" we enumerated the particulars in which Mrs. Langley beyond dispute failed to follow instructions, or to heed the printed warnings for the use of the products in question. They need not be repeated here. We are of the opinion that Mrs. Langley's violation of the plain instructions and warnings was a misuse of Milk Wave Lilt and constitutes a defense to her cause of action. This seems to be especially true when as in this case the user testifies that she read the instruction in regard to sticky strands of hair after a ten minute test curl and that she understood the instruction to mean "just what it says." The law of strict liability applicable to this situation we believe to be correctly stated in the Restatement of the Law of Torts (2d Ed.), Section 402A, Comment (j): "Where warning is given, the seller may reasonably assume that it will be read and heeded; and a product bearing such a warning, which is safe for use if it is followed, is not in defective condition, nor is it unreasonably dangerous." See also Matthias v. Lehn & Fink Products Corp., 424 P.2d 284 (Wash.1967); Pinto v. Clairol, Inc., 324 F.2d 608 (6th Cir. 1963); Arata v. Tonegato, 152 Cal. App.2d 837, 314 P.2d 130 (1957); Taylor v. Jacobson, 336 Mass. 709, 147 N.E.2d 770 (1958); Prosser, "The Fall of the Citadel", 50 Minn.Law Rev. 791, reprinted in Schreiber and Rheingold, "Products Liability", page 2.35; Hursh, "Products Liability Supplement", Sec. 5A:12. In their sixth, seventh and eighth points appellants contend that there is no evidence, or there is insufficient evidence to support the jury's finding that the Milk Wave Lilt preparation which Mrs. Langley applied on October 23, 1963 was a proximate cause of the loss of her hair. Again we agree with appellants. Proximate cause is not to be presumed. It must be proved by evidence. As a general rule the fact that injury follows the use of the product is not of itself alone a basis for a finding of proximate cause. Patterson v. George H. Weyer, Inc., 189 Kan. 501, 370 P.2d 116 (1962); Hurley v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 355 F.2d 517 (7th Cir. 1966); Green v. Ralston Purina Co., 376 S.W.2d 119 (Mo.Sup.1964); Cudmore v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc., 398 S.W.2d 640 (Tex.Civ.App., Dallas 1966, writ ref'd n. r. e.); Watson v. Borg-Warner Corp., 190 Tenn. 209, 228 S.W.2d 1011 (1950); Stewart v. Martin, 353 Mo. 1, 181 S.W.2d 657 (1944); Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Fuller, 189 Okl. 556, 118 P.2d 649 (1941); Kapp v. Bob Sullivan Chevrolet Co., 234 Ark. 395, 353 S.W.2d 5 (1962); China Doll Restaurant, Inc. v. MacDonald, D.C.Mun.App., 180 A.2d 503 (1962); Cintrone v. Hertz Truck Leasing & Rental Service, 45 N.J. 434, 212 A.2d 769 (1965); *779 Wade, "Strict Tort Liability", 19 S.W.Law Jour. 13 (March 1965); Prosser, "The Fall of the Citadel", 50 Minn.Law Rev. 791, reprinted in Schreiber and Rheingold, "Products Liability", page 2.50. There are cases which at first glance might seem contrary to the above holding, but as we understand them they are not so; for they are based on the premise that the product was first proved to be contaminated, or that it contained a harmful ingredient. That fact being established, an inference of proximate cause may arise under some circumstances from the fact that injury followed the use of the product. Benjamin v. Hot Shoppes, Inc., D.C.Mun.App., 185 A.2d 512 (1962); Gilbert v. John Gendusa Bakery, Inc., La.App., 144 So.2d 760 (1962); Braun v. Roux Distributing Co., Inc., 312 S.W.2d 758 (Mo.Sup.1958); Bundy v. Ey-Teb, Inc., 160 Misc. 325, 289 N.Y.S. 905, 248 App.Div. 596, 288 N.Y.S. 1078. But that is not the situation here. There is no evidence, direct or circumstantial, that the particular products sold to Mrs. Langley and used by her were harmful if used properly. That the product was defective or harmful is a prerequisite to proximate cause under the strict liability rule. Hill v. Harbor Steel and Supply Corp., 374 Mich. 194, 132 N.W.2d 54 (1965); Swain v. Boeing Airplane Co., 2 Cir., 337 F.2d 940 (1964), cert. den. 380 U.S. 951, 85 S.Ct. 1083, 13 L.Ed.2d 969 (1965); Shramek v. General Motors Corp., 69 Ill.App.2d 72, 216 N.E.2d 244 (1966); Hursh, "Products Liability Supplement", Sections 1:3, 5A:11. Appellants' sixth, seventh and eighth points are sustained. In their ninth and tenth points appellants assail the judgment against Tom Thumb Stores, Inc., the retailer who sold the products in question to Mrs. Langley— the basis for the attack being that appellees neither pleaded nor proved warranty, express or implied, or any duty to appellees. We do not agree. We have concluded that the judgment against Tom Thumb Stores, Inc., must be reversed on other grounds, but not on the grounds above asserted by appellants. The ninth and tenth points are overruled. Appellants' eleventh point seeks to absolve Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Company and Procter & Gamble Distributing Company because there was no evidence of privity between the two companies and appellees. On authority of the McKisson case, hereinbefore discussed, we overrule the eleventh point. In their twelfth point the two Procter and Gamble Companies contend that there was no evidence of breach of warranty by them. We agree. This phase of the case is adequately covered in our discussion under appellants' first and second points and need not be repeated here. The twelfth point is sustained. In their thirteenth to eighteenth points inclusive appellants say that the court erred in several specified instances in admitting over appellants' objection to testimony by Mrs. Krumdieck. We think these points are well taken and they are sustained. Because of our sustaining of appellants' first, fourth, fifth, sixth and twelfth points we are of the opinion that the judgment of the trial court should be reversed and rendered to the effect that appellees take nothing by their suit against appellants. Accordingly, the judgment is so reversed and rendered. ON REHEARING Appellees on rehearing say that we have usurped the functions of the jury by substituting our findings for the findings of the jury. We have again reviewed the record in this case, but have concluded that we must adhere to our original decision. Appellees say that the uncontroverted testimony is that the solution itself *780 when originally mixed before applying to the hair, was sticky. Even if true that is not the test. The instructions and warnings are unambiguous and explicit. If the hair has been tinted in any way (and Mrs. Langley's hair had been tinted) a test curl should be made. The test comes after the solution has been applied and the test curl allowed to remain in the rollers for ten minutes. Then if the test hair (not the solution itself) feels sticky the liquid neutralizer should be used at once and the rest of the hair should not be waved. Mrs. Langley herself testified that she read the instructions and warnings and understood them to mean just what they say. Yet she chose to ignore them in the several particulars, which we detailed in our original opinion. As to merchantability appellees rely on the general rule that chemical proof that a product is defective is not required—the defective condition of the product may be shown by circumstantial evidence. We do not disagree with appellees' statement as an abstract proposition of law. But it is not applicable here. If Mrs. Langley had faithfully complied with the written instructions and heeded the written warnings and had nevertheless sustained injury the situation would be different. But no such situation is presented to us. We do not believe that the strict liability doctrine means that under circumstances such as we have here a consumer may knowingly violate the plain, unambiguous instructions and ignore the warnings, then hold the makers, distributors and sellers of a product liable in the face of the obvious misuse of the product. Appellees brought their suit on the theory of implied warranty. We agree that the product carried an implied warranty of fitness, but such warranty existed only if the product was used in accordance with directions. The implied warranty did not apply when the product was misused, as it indisputably was in this case. The McKisson and the Shamrock Fuel & Oil Sales Company cases, relied on by appellees, did not involve a violation of instructions. In fact in the McKisson case no instructions were furnished. In the Shamrock case an adulterated product was involved. In our opinion both of the above cases are distinguishable from this case. The motion for rehearing is overruled. NOTES [1] The package or kit purchased by Mrs. Langley included a bottle of powder, papers for curling the hair, a bottle of neutralizer and a pamphlet of instructions and warnings. The lotion for curling was prepared by the user by mixing the powder with ordinary milk, a bottle for that purpose being included in the kit. [2] Questions of contributory negligence in this case were submitted to the jury and found favorably to Mrs. Langley. Since we have concluded that the judgment here must be reversed on other grounds we shall not pass on the question of contributory negligence in this case.
2024-04-02T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6313
Novel phenomena in the 13C NMR spectra of amino acids. 13C NMR integral areas and spin-lattice relaxation times (T1's) of a series of amino acids were determined at different concentrations. It was found that the spin-lattice relaxation times were markedly reduced in 3 M magnesium chloride resulting in the integral area being proportional to the number of carbon atoms producing each particular signal, with a reliability in excess of 95%. Magnesium chloride is proposed as a 13C NMR relaxation agent for amino acids.
2024-02-26T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4241
Q: K&R C Exercise 4-11, Static Variables So I've been going through the K&R book the past few weeks. I've done it all in order, haven't really skipped much. If I get stuck on something I can usually google the example and find an answer, but this time, I've been stumped. Section 4.6 deals with declaring static variables, both externally and internally. The exercise says this: Exercise 4-11. Modify getop so that it doesn't need to use ungetch. Hint: use an internal static variable. This has to do with a Polish calculator. getop collects the next operator or operand, and ungetch pushes a character back onto the input stack. The original function looks like this: int getop(char s[]) { int i, c; while ((s[0] = c = getch()) == ' ' || c == '\t') ; s[1] = '\0'; if (!isdigit(c) && c != '.' && c != '-' ) return c; /* not a number */ i = 0; if (c == '-') { if (isdigit(c = getchar())) { s[i] = '-'; ungetch(c); } else { ungetch(c); return '-'; } } if (isdigit(c)) /* collect integer part */ while (isdigit(s[++i] = c = getch())) ; if (c == '.') /* collect a fraction part */ while (isdigit(s[++i] = c = getch())) ; s[i] = '\0'; if (c != EOF) ungetch(c); return NUMBER; } Most examples I've looked up look like this: static int buf = EOF; if (buf != EOF && buf != ' ' && buf != '\t' && !isdigit(buf) && buf != '.') { c = buf; buf = EOF; return c; } if (buf == EOF || buf == ' ' || buf == '\t') while ((*s = c = getch()) == ' ' || c == '\t') ; else *s = c = buf; buf = EOF; My problem is that doesn't take into account the modification we were supposed to make to getop earlier, which was to handle negative numbers. None of the examples I've found also seem to make any use of the fact that the variable is static, and therefore stays around after the function is called. We just set it to EOF at the end. If it doesn't matter what the variable is between function calls, why use a static variable? Finally, I'm not sure how to use the static variable to stick c back onto the input stack. getch uses a shared array between getch and ungetch that getop has no awareness of. Sorry for the longer post for such a simple example. A: The basic idea is that anywhere in getop that you currently have ungetch(), you instead set your static variable to the value you'd be un-getting. Then, everywhere you call getch(), you'd get the value from the static variable instead if it's valid (you may need a second static variable to say whether it's valid, which you clear when you read it, and set when you un-get into it).
2023-12-08T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1437
It has become clear that Jimmy Fallon is going to become the host of The Tonight Show, but sources say an internal debate among key players is underway regarding the timing. According to these sources, some top executives at NBCUniversal are leaning toward a February launch to take advantage of the promotional platform of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. Others, including Late Night executive producer Lorne Michaels, are said to have concerns about rushing the transition. Moving more quickly not only would provide a high-profile launch for Fallon but effectively would keep Tonight Show host Jay Leno from moving to a rival network until his contract expires in September 2014. As The Hollywood Reporter first reported, an announcement is expected to be made at the May upfront presentation to advertisers. With Fallon expected to launch as host in September 2014, Tonight will move from Los Angeles to New York, according to sources. In a Fallon cover story for the April issue of GQ, Michaels confirmed that a shift is underway: "I'm not allowed to say it -- yet. But I think there's an inevitability to it. He's the closest to [Johnny] Carson that I've seen of this generation." NBC Entertainment chairman Bob Greenblatt and his late night and alternative chief Paul Telegdy are said to be actively looking for a Fallon replacement at 12:35 a.m. One possibility is another Michaels protege, Seth Meyers of Saturday Night Live. The latest news comes as Leno continues to take jabs at NBC execs including Greenblatt, who reportedly sent Leno an email to back-off on the ridicule. On Monday’s show, Leno quipped during his monologue: "You know the whole legend of St. Patrick, right? St. Patrick drove all the snakes out of Ireland -- and then they came to the United States and became NBC executives. It's a fascinating story." On Tuesday, he made another joke: "Did you hear about this? A 28-year-old woman from Serbia has a rare brain condition where she sees everything upside down. The good news? She's now been given a job at the White House as President Obama's economic adviser. Isn't that crazy? It's unbelievable. She sees everything upside down. In fact, she thinks NBC is at the top of the ratings." The exchange between Greenblatt and Leno is said to have occurred before THR reported March 1 that NBC was discussing an exit plan for Leno. NBC has denied the report. NBC confirms that it is upgrading Fallon's studio in New York as part of a larger renovation of the building but declines further comment.
2023-12-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2186
6 new games hit Maria Casino this summer If you thought that the collection of games available at Maria Casino is comprehensive, then you should know that six new games are going to be introduced this summer. All these games are slot machines and the feature state-of-the-art graphics and animations that will sweep you off your feet. The online casino sunmaker also provided the players with the heads up regarding the new installments and some of these games are actually building on the popularity of existing titles. Microgaming is the software developer powering all these games, which is actually good news given the fact that this is one of the top software developers. Ariana is the first of them and just as the name suggests, it takes players back in the past and invites them to take a trip in the land of mythology of legends. There are scattered and wild symbols depicting mermaids, sea dragons, treasure chest and so on, with numerous wild and scatter symbols populating the reels.Maria Casino also introduced the popular Big Chef slot game which has a standard five with structure and 50 pay lines with 243 winning combinations. This game will provide the much-needed diversity for those who want to experience the adrenaline rush of modern games, without straying too far from the concept popular in brick-and-mortar casinos. By comparison Penguin Splash slot game takes a steep departure from the genre and is all about new graphics and abounds in free spin around.River of Riches slot game is also taking players on a mythical ride and invites them to travel to ancient Egypt, to unlock winning combinations and discover various symbols. Rabbit in the Hat slot game will appeal to fans of the genre who also have a keen eye for magic and the same goes for the recently introduced Dragon’s Myth slot game. Dragons seems to be particularly well-liked recently, in the advent of TV series revolving around them and the slot machines promise to be major hits. As always, Maria Casino runs special promotions aimed that celebrating these games and the winners will have plenty of prizes to choose from. Cash is coming their way and they will also be allowed to participate in various exclusive tournaments. Arguably the best return on investment is an all paid chips to Dubai and the winner will have the chance to travel to this exotic city with his or her significant other.
2023-12-25T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9426
alembic==1.0.0 banal==0.3.7 chardet==3.0.4 Click==7.0 dataset==1.1.0 Flask==1.0.2 frida==12.2.6 htmlentities==0.2.1 itsdangerous==0.24 Jinja2==2.10 Mako==1.0.7 MarkupSafe==1.0 normality==0.6.1 python-dateutil==2.7.3 python-editor==1.0.3 six==1.11.0 SQLAlchemy==1.2.12 termcolor==1.1.0 Werkzeug==0.15.3
2024-07-07T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7337
Friday, February 27, 2009 We still talk about core dumps nowadays, but back when I was in grad school using the Control Data 7600 (and, before it, the 6600), they actually used these hand-woven magnetic core arrays. We would submit our batch jobs to be run on the Cyber, and some time later on we would pick up our lineprinter output (green bar paper fan folded and perforated for tractor feed) set out in cubbyholes between the computer room and the outside. Or we would run a program to show graphical output on a monochrome Tektronix terminal and capture screens to be printed on a thermal printer or onto microfiche. At the time, we didn't even realize how cumbersome it was. It is almost as if we lived during the time of dinosaurs. Towards the end of my time in grad school the first Macintoshes came out at the student co-op, themselves also museum pieces. Tuesday, February 24, 2009 I snapped this while in the checkout line at a supermarket, by way of perfecting my spying skills. It doesn't look to me as if that little note gets changed very frequently if at all. It is number 277 in the list of bad passwords, not even in the top ten among numeric passwords. The mind reels. A determined band of thugs could gain access to the register and give themselves DOUBLE COUPONS with abandon. Monday, February 23, 2009 Yesterday, sometime in the morning when we were off at the gym, one slice of bread inexplicably showed up on our front walk. I am pretty sure that I didn't put it there, and I trust my wife who says she was equally perplexed when she saw it while going out to the car. When we first spotted it it was pretty much pristine (this picture shows it having sat out one damp night, thus the moist appearance you might have noticed), making it unlikely to have been dragged there by a bird or a squirrel, say out of our compost heap which is located quite a long distance away. It's also rather far from the streetwhich argues against the idea that some person passing by might have tossed it there for reasons too obscure to ponder. That person would pretty much have had to walk up our walk and place it down for it to have ended up where it did, which seems even more unlikely.We didn't pick it up, thinking that it would simply be absorbed into the food web by the various mourning doves, starlings, sparrows, squirrels, and other wildlife we have seen foraging in the yard. This too proved to be an odd part of the puzzle, as this lovely nice fresh piece of nutrition was spurned by all. Was there something suspicious about the look of the slice, scaring off the birds, and about its odor, scaring off the squirrels? The investigation is ongoing. Update: Well, someone appreciates it, or the half that's left at any rate. Friday, February 20, 2009 We are hearing about plans to jump-start the consumer sector of this country (and that of our trading partners) but it looks like all indications are that the new meme going around, which is really an old, old meme, is of scrimping and making do. I don't see much indication that if stimulus money ends up in the consumers' pockets there is going to be a big Keynsian multiplier effect on the level of the individual, as people take some or all of that money and sock it away into savings or to pay down credit, thus failing to stimulate producers.To counteract this addiction to destructive savings behavior, perhaps the government could put strings on the funds it doles out to bias its use toward a multiplier greater than one. For instance, we could reward people who spend money on things which are actually addictive (drugs, alcohol, sports, greasy food, religious ecstasy, political extremism, etc.) so as to get them hooked and more willing to part with their own dollars in the future. Or we could make conspicuous consumption more fashionable again in the public eye by using the media to continue promoting extravagance, only more so. Or we could put something in the currency so that if it isn't passed along to someone else, it will self-destruct noisily and messily. Mix in a little bit of patriotism and almost anything can take off even if it doesn't sound that good in the first place. Tuesday, February 10, 2009 This item makes me think there might be a market in making revolting tableaux as diet aids. You would put one or more of these around your kitchen and dining areas as appetite suppressants, and since they lack the characteristic odors and scutling noises of the real thing, when company comes around you could just sweep them into a drawer and they would be none the wiser. As you become habituated to the fake roaches, you could achieve the same effect by coming up with more and more disgusting stimuli. It could be a subscription you would sign up for over six weeks, say, where a package would come to your house with more and more disturbing replicas so that you would not get too used to things. The flaw in the plan, which I do not yet have a ready way to get around, is that one could simply leave the house to take meals elsewhere. It would generally not do for one to take one of the fake roaches along with oneself to a restaurant where it would be likely to disturb other customers and drive them off. Sunday, February 01, 2009 Social bookmarking site ma.gnolia had a catastrophic failure that claimed not only the production database, which would not be unusual, but also apparently all their backups. What, no offsite database dumps? Fortunately, I have been posting my bookmarks also to delicious for the most part, so nothing much lost. My laptop at home froze up, then refused to boot, even in Safe Mode. Off I went to my wife's computer to download and burn the latest Knoppix which allowed me to verify that the hard disk was still readable. I brought it in to work the next morning prepared to copy my data files off to an external drive, but somehow the Windows XP installation healed itself, so the retrieval operation changed to one of backup. Gee, and I was all set to install Ubuntu 8.10 on it. The new furnace has been working a bit over-well, causing the radiator in the downstairs bathroom to spit out a lot of brown water all over the floor through its vent. We consulted with the plumbing company and it seems as if it's likely not a problem with that expensive unit, but either a problem with the old vents or with some kind of crud in the pipes. So I'll take a shot at saving a couple of hundred bucks by replacing some air vents on my own and seeing what happens. The "auxiliary" (12V) battery in our Prius lost nearly all its charge today while we were at church, and was recovering only very slowly over the next half hour, so we called a service station to come and give us a jump start. The verdict is still out on this one, but it seems not to have re-manifested in a handful of starts since, so we'll hope for the best until we can get it in to the dealer's. Now any one of these can turn back up again (except for the Magnolia one), so this is possibly only a full-blown rant deferred, not avoided. Watch this space.
2023-10-07T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9588
Login using You can login by using one of your existing accounts. We will be provided with an authorization token (please note: passwords are not shared with us) and will sync your accounts for you. This means that you will not need to remember your user name and password in the future and you will be able to login with the account you choose to sync, with the click of a button. Co-release of glutamate and GABA from single vesicles in GABAergic neurons exogenously expressing VGLUT3 The identity of the vesicle neurotransmitter transporter expressed by a neuron largely corresponds with the primary neurotransmitter that cell releases. However, the vesicular glutamate transporter subtype 3 (VGLUT3) is mainly expressed in non-glutamatergic neurons, including cholinergic, serotonergic, or GABAergic neurons. Though a functional role for glutamate release from these non-glutamatergic neurons has been demonstrated, the interplay between VGLUT3 and the neuron’s characteristic neurotransmitter transporter, particularly in the case of GABAergic neurons, at the synaptic and vesicular level is less clear. In this study, we explore how exogenous expression of VGLUT3 in striatal GABAergic neurons affects the packaging and release of glutamate and GABA in synaptic vesicles (SVs). We found that VGLUT3 expression in isolated, autaptic GABAergic neurons leads to action potential evoked release of glutamate. Under these conditions, glutamate and GABA could be packaged together in single vesicles release either spontaneously or asynchronously. However, the presence of glutamate in GABAergic vesicles did not affect uptake of GABA itself, suggesting a lack of synergy in vesicle filling for these transmitters. Finally, we found postsynaptic detection of glutamate released from GABAergic terminals difficult when bona fide glutamatergic synapses were present, suggesting that co-released glutamate cannot induce postsynaptic glutamate receptor clustering. Introduction In synaptic transmission, postsynaptic responses are determined in large part by the identity of the neurotransmitter released at the presynaptic terminal, which is, in turn, determined by the type of vesicular neurotransmitter transporter expressed by the presynaptic neuron. The vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) is expressed mainly in neurons that do not release glutamate as a primary transmitter, such as cholinergic, serotoninergic, or GABAergic neurons (Fremeau et al., 2002; Gras et al., 2002; Schäfer et al., 2002; Takamori et al., 2002). In cholinergic and serotonergic terminals, VGLUT3 stimulates the vesicular uptake of acetylcholine (Ach; Gras et al., 2008; Nelson et al., 2014) and serotonin (5-HT; Amilhon et al., 2010), respectively, to synaptic vesicles (SVs). This is likely because the co-packaging of glutamate, a negatively charged molecule, causes an increase in the pH gradient across the vesicular membrane, which then synergistically increases the driving force for uptake of the other neurotransmitters (Hnasko et al., 2010; El Mestikawy et al., 2011). However, the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) is thought to rely less on the pH gradient than the transmembrane electrical potential (Hell et al., 1990), which would not be enhanced by co-packaging of glutamate. Nevertheless, transport assays suggest evidence for synergistic effects for the uptake of GABA by glutamate (Zander et al., 2010), but these effects have not been investigated in SVs release from individual terminals. In addition to potential synergistic roles for glutamate in loading of GABA into SVs, there is also the question of whether glutamate may play a functional role in postsynaptic signaling at a GABAergic synapse. It has been suggested that co-release of glutamate from GABAergic synapses contributes to tonotopic organization in the mouse auditory brain stem (Noh et al., 2010), and recently, that GABA/glutamate co-release affects the output of the lateral habenula, an area implicated in depression (Root et al., 2014; Shabel et al., 2014). In synapses expressing both VGLUT and VGAT, are glutamate and GABA packaged into the same vesicles? There are hints that this is the case (Zander et al., 2010; Weston et al., 2011; Beltrán and Gutiérrez, 2012); however, existing studies have not provided quantitative analysis of the composition of individual quantal events. In this study we address whether GABA and glutamate can be stored in and released from the same vesicle by recording postsynaptic events in autaptic GABAergic neurons cultured from the striatum (Bekkers and Stevens, 1991) exogenously expressing VGLUT3. We found that action potentials in GABAergic neurons expressing VGLUT3 evoked mixed Postsynaptic currents (PSCs) mediated by both GABA and glutamate release. Analysis of the spontaneously released miniature PSC (mPSC) and asynchronous event kinetics suggest that the quantal events underlying the evoked mixed PSC included vesicles containing both glutamate and GABA; however, no change in the amount of GABA packaged into vesicles with or without VGLUT3 arguing against synergy for loading between these two neurotransmitters. Interestingly, glutamate co-released with GABA from GABAergic terminals was difficult to detect in cultures that contained bona fide glutamatergic synapses, likely because AMPA receptors in this case are sequestered away from the GABAergic postsynaptic sites. This indicates that, at least in GABAergic synapses exogenously expressing VGLUT3, glutamate release alone is not sufficient to cause clustering of postsynaptic AMPA receptors. Materials and Methods Neuronal Culture All experiments involving animals were performed according to the regulations of the Animal Welfare Committee of the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Berlin state government (permit # T0220/09). Autaptic neuronal cultures were carried out as described previously (Xue et al., 2007). Briefly, WT C57/BL6N mice were sacrificed at P0–2. Brains were dissected out and placed in 4°C cooled HBSS. Hippocampus or striatum, respectively, were removed and incubated in a papain-containing solution to dissociate the cells. After 45 min the reaction was stopped by gently exchanging the solution to an inactivating solution containing 2.5 mg albumin/ml and 2.5 mg/ml trypsin-inhibitor (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) in 5% fetal calf serum (FCS). After 5 min the medium was replaced by neuronal growth medium (neuronal basal A (NBA), supplemented with B27, Glutamax (Gibco Life Technologies, Germany), and penicillin/streptavidin (Roche, Germany)) and the cells were counted in a Neubauer counting chamber. For neuronal autaptic cultures 2,500 hippocampal or 3,000 striatal neurons were seeded onto astrocyte-layered microislands grown on 30 mm diameter coverslips. For mass cultures, 50,000 neurons were seeded per well on astrocyte-layered 12-well (22 mm diameter) plates. Neurons were grown for 9–16 days in vitro (DIVs) at 37°C in 5% CO2. Lentivirus Constructs and Production Sequence of murine VGLUT3 was cloned into a lentiviral shuttle vector under the control of a human synapsin-1 promoter. To enable identification of infected cells the expression cassette of the protein was fused to a nuclear localization sequence-tagged green fluorescent protein (NLS-GFP) via a self-cleaving P2A peptide (Kim et al., 2011). Borosilicate glass pipettes (Science Products, Hofheim, Germany) had a resistance of 2–3.5 MΩ. All recordings were performed with a Multiclamp 700B amplifier and a Digidata 1440A digitizer under control of Clampex 10.0 (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, USA). Data was acquired at 10 kHz and filtered at 3 kHz. In most of the experiments, membrane capacitance and 70% of the series resistance were compensated while changes in series resistance were monitored frequently throughout the experiments. Only cells with a series resistance <10 MΩ were used for analysis. PSCs were elicited by a 2 ms somatic depolarization from −70 mV to 0 mV, which resulted in an unclamped action potential. Response amplitudes were measured from baseline. Quantal PSC (qPSC) were recorded as either spontaneously released events (miniature) or evoked in an ECS in which CaCl2 was replaced by SrCl2 (asynchronous). In both cases, GABAergic and glutamatergic components were pharmacologically isolated with NBQX or Bic, respectively. In order to optimize detection condition of the mPSCs, and because voltage escape poses less of a problem for single vesicle events, series resistance was uncompensated for analysis of mPSCs decay analysis (Figure 3). For analysis of asynchronous PSCs evoked in SrCl2 (Figure 4) series resistance was compensated to assure voltage control during the evoked component of the response. Analysis and Statistics For analysis of qPSCs, events were detected from 1 kHz filtered traces by running a template-based detection algorithm in AxoGraph X 1.5.4 (AxoGraph, Berkeley, USA). To analyze the decay kinetics of quantal events for the co-release experiments we used two different methods, both resulting in a similar outcome: (1) After running the recognition template in AxoGraph the decays of detected mPSCs were fitted in AxoGraph with a single or double exponential using a simplex optimization procedure from the peak until the decay reached baseline. The fits were judged by eye and single exponential fits were discarded when clearly not representing the signal; and (2) Individual traces (from peak to baseline) were fitted in GraphPad Prism using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the software ran an F test to determine if a single or a double exponential was preferential. The decay time constants for each of the double exponential fits were converted to a weighted decay to compare to the single exponential decay time constant. Gaussian fits of the decay distributions were performed in GraphPad Prism. The software ran an F test to determine if the data was fitted better by a single Gaussian or the sum of multiple Gaussians. Comparison of means was performed in GraphPad Prism. After testing for normality with D’Agostino-Pearson normality test, the means of two groups were compared using the Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test (for non-parametric data). Three or more groups were compared using one-way ANOVA, followed by a Dunnett test. We next examined whether paired-pulse behavior in the GABAergic synapses was altered by the expression of VGLUT3. We found that on average the paired-pulse ratio (PPR), as assessed by the amplitude of a second stimulation evoked PSC divided by that of the first with an interpulse interval of 100 ms, of the purely GABAergic response was not different between cells that expressed VGLUT3 and those that did not (Figure 1D; p = 0.314, Mann-Whitney test). This suggests that co-release of glutamate from GABAergic neurons does not affect presynaptic release probability. As striatal GABAergic neurons expressing VGLUT3 showed an evoked glutamate-mediated response, we next wondered whether glutamate release changed the expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors on these cells. To test this, we compared the current evoked by application of kainate (10 μM) to striatal cells expressing VGLUT3 + GFP or GFP alone (Figure 2B). We found that kainate evoked a response in all cells, whether they expressed VGLUT3 or not (Figures 2B,D; p = 0.290, Student’s t-test); however, only cells expressing VGLUT3 had a glutamatergic synaptic response in the presence of Bic (30 μM; Figures 2A,C; p < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). Together, these data suggest that AMPA receptor expression on GABAergic autaptic neurons from striatum is not altered by co-release of GABA and glutamate. Spontaneous release of single vesicles is an ideal system to study if glutamate and GABA are stored in distinct vesicle pools or if they are stored in the same vesicles. We recorded miniature postsynaptic events (mPSCs) from VGLUT3-expressing, autaptic, striatal neurons in control ECS without antagonists and in the presence of NBQX or Bic to isolate a GABAergic or glutamatergic component of the response, respectively (Figures 3A–C). Similar to our results with evoked release we observed fast-decaying events in the presence of Bic (Figure 3C) and slower-decaying events in the presence of NBQX (Figure 3B). To determine whether the events in the control solution simply represent the sum of the events in NBQX and Bic or if there is also a population of mixed events, we pooled the events from each condition and analyzed the decay times. We found that distributions for all of these populations were significantly different (p < 0.0001 for all combinations; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The frequency histograms for events recorded in Bic or NBQX were best fitted with a single Gaussian (Figure 3D; Bic: mean tau ± SD, 2.6 ± 1.3 ms, R2 = 0.96; NBQX: mean tau ± SD, 18.5 ± 8.7 ms, R2 = 0.68). The frequency histogram for events recorded in control solution was best fitted by the sum of three Gaussians (mean tau1 ± SD1, 3.5 ± 1.0 ms, mean tau2 ± SD2, 10.2 ± 2.8 ms, mean tau3 ± SD3, 17.8 ± 10.3 ms R2 = 0.86). FIGURE 3 Figure 3. Glutamate and GABA are released from the same vesicles but do not synergize. Exemplary traces of spontaneous release in striatal autaptic neurons expressing VGLUT3 under three recording conditions: in control ECS (A), ECS with NBQX (B) and ECS with Bic (C). (D) Histogram of decay times (tau) of spontaneous events under the conditions described in (A–C) from 8 neurons. The plots were fitted with single Gaussian (NBQX and Bic; red and blue lines) or with the sum of three Gaussians (control; black line), respectively. (E) Cumulative frequency plot of decay times from histogram in (D). Values from “NBQX group” and “Bic group” were combined to create the “combined group”. (F) Comparison of mPSC amplitudes in presence of NBQX. Circles represent individual cells. Horizontal lines show mean ± SEM. To confirm that these events recorded in the control conditions actually contained a population of mixed glutamate-GABA events, we compared the cumulative frequency distribution of the control events to an artificial population consisting of a combination of events recorded in Bic or NBQX (Figure 3E). We found that the distribution of these two populations was significantly different (p < 0.0001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Figure 3E), suggesting that a significant portion of spontaneous events recorded from VGLUT3-expressing GABAergic neurons reflect co-release of glutamate and GABA from the same synaptic vesicle. We next tested whether co-packaging of glutamate and GABA leads to an increase in GABA content in single vesicles. This synergistic effect was found in other dual-transmitter systems (Amilhon et al., 2010; Hnasko et al., 2010). We compared the GABA content of minis by measuring spontaneous event amplitudes in the presence of NBQX. Striatal interneurons expressing VGLUT3 did not show altered mini amplitudes compared to control interneurons expressing GFP (Figure 3F). Thus, the presence of glutamate in those vesicles does not seem to have a synergistic effect on GABA uptake. Glutamate and GABA Containing Vesicles are Released by AP Stimulation For many years, it has been debated whether spontaneous or stimulus-evoked neurotransmitter release modes utilize vesicles from the same pool (Sara et al., 2005; Groemer and Klingauf, 2007). Therefore, we wanted to test whether, in addition to spontaneously released vesicles containing both GABA and glutamate in the VGLUT3-expressing GABAergic neurons (Figure 3), vesicles released by stimulation could also contain both transmitters. To address this, we recorded from VGLUT3-expressing cultured, autaptic striatal neurons. To study the content of single, evoked vesicles, we replaced the extracellular Ca2+ with Sr2+ (1 mM), and pharmacologically dissected the responses under these conditions (Figure 4). As expected (Goda and Stevens, 1994), the addition of [Sr2+]e produced asynchronous events, including putative qPSC events (Figures 4A–C). We examined the neurotransmitter content of these quantal events (single peak events that occurred within one spost-stimulus) in control ECS, with the addition of NBQX or Bic (Figures 4A–C), and pooled the asynchronous events from eleven cells, which were both GFP positive and displayed detectable events in the presence of Bic. When all events were pooled from each condition, we found that distributions for each of these populations were significantly different (p < 0.0001 for all combinations; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The frequency histograms for events recorded in Bic or NBQX were best fitted with a single Gaussian (Figure 4D; Bic: mean tau ± SD, 2.2 ± 0.9 ms, R2 = 0.97; NBQX: mean tau ± SD, 12.9 ± 9 ms, R2 = 0.77). The frequency histogram for events recorded in control ECS was best fitted by the sum of two Gaussians, where the mean amplitude of each Gaussian peak was shifted to the right or left of the Bic or NBQX isolated events, respectively (mean tau1 ± SD1, 3.9 ± 2 ms, mean tau2 ± SD2, 11.4 ± 7.2 ms, R2 = 0.87). To confirm that the events recorded in the control extracellular conditions contained a population of mixed glutamate-GABA events, we compared the cumulative frequency distribution of the control events to an artificial population consisting of a combination of events recorded in Bic or NBQX (Figure 4E). We found that the distribution of these two populations was significantly different (p < 0.0001, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Figure 4E), suggesting that a portion of asynchronous events recorded from VGLUT3-expressing GABAergic neurons reflect co-release of glutamate and GABA from the same synaptic vesicle. It should be noted that the decay times for GABA only and glutamate/GABA mixed asynchronous qPSCs were faster than those reported for mPSCs. This is likely because the strontium recordings were performed with series resistance compensation (see Section “Materials and Methods”). FIGURE 4 Figure 4. Glutamate and GABA are released from the same vesicles during evoked asynchronous release. Exemplary traces of Sr2+-evoked asynchronous release in striatal autaptic neurons expressing VGLUT3 under three recording conditions: in control ECS (A) ECS with NBQX (B) and ECS with Bic (C). (D) Histogram of decay times (tau) of quantal events under the conditions described in (A–C). Events were pooled from 11 cells. The plots were fitted with single Gaussian (NBQX and Bic; red and blue lines) or with the sum of two Gaussians (control; black line), respectively. (E) Cumulative frequency plot of decay times. Values from “NBQX group” and “Bic group” were combined to create the “combined group”. Glutamate/GABA Co-Release in a Developing Circuit Our findings show that glutamate can be both released and detected at GABAergic synapses from autapses expressing VGLUT3. However, in neural circuits in the brain, GABAergic synapses co-releasing glutamate must exist on the same postsynaptic target cells as bona fide glutamatergic synapses. Therefore, we examined whether we could still detect glutamate released from GABAergic striatal neurons expressing VGLUT3 when they were cultured in the presence of glutamatergic neurons from hippocampus. We performed paired whole cells recordings from mixed cultures of striatal and hippocampal neurons infected with VGLUT3, and pharmacologically isolated the PSCs as previously described (Figures 1, 3–4). On average, the responses from VGLUT3-expressing GABAergic presynaptic neurons were almost completely blocked by application of Bic, indicating that glutamatergic co-release could not be detected. To test whether the lack of detection of glutamate co-release from GABAergic neurons was due to a low expression level of VGLUT3 in mixed striatal/hippocampal cultures, we performed sister-culture experiments with pure striatal neurons or mixed striatal/hippocampal neurons plated on astrocyte microislands, and again recorded from autaptic striatal neurons expressing VGLUT3 or from paired neurons in multi-cell microisland circuits. We found, again, that the majority of autaptic GABAergic neurons expressing VGLUT3 had an NBQX-sensitive component of their evoked release (Figure 5A). On the other hand, the PSCs detected in paired recordings from multi-cell microislands where striatal GABAergic neurons expressing VGLUT3 were co-cultured with hippocampal neurons were almost entirely blocked by Bic application. Plotting the total amplitude of each cell against its amplitude in the presence of Bic (“glutamatergic component”) demonstrates the influence of the culturing system on the size of the glutamatergic component compared to the influence of the total response size (Figure 5B). While this could indicate that VGLUT3 is actively excluded from GABAergic vesicles in mixed cultures, a more likely explanation could be that even though glutamate is co-released from GABAergic terminals expressing VGLUT3, the detection could be limited by the availability of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, which may be sequestered by bona fide glutamatergic synapses in a network environment. FIGURE 5 Figure 5. Amount of detectable glutamate co-release varies between different culture systems. (A) Plot of PSC amplitudes in GABAergic striatal neurons expressing VGLUT3. Recordings in three different culture systems: mass culture (red), autaptic culture (black/gray) and 2 or more cells on an astrocyte feeder island (blue). Depicted are the PSC sizes in control ECS (darker colors) and the glutamatergic component in the presence of Bic (lighter colors). Each data point represents a cell. Horizontal lines show the average response size. (B) Plot of PSC amplitude in ECS (“total amplitude”) against amplitude in Bic (“amplitude glu component”) of the same cell compared over the three different culture systems. Discussion Co-release of two or more classical neurotransmitters from the same neuron is now considered to be a common principle throughout the nervous system (Whittaker et al., 1972; Jonas et al., 1998; Higley et al., 2011; Beltrán and Gutiérrez, 2012). We studied the co-release of glutamate and GABA in striatal interneurons, which exogenously expressed VGLUT3, and present the following findings: (1) Striatal GABAergic SVs do not have active mechanisms to exclude vesicular glutamate transporters and the presence of VGLUT on these vesicles is enough to induce glutamate co-release; (2) Glutamate and GABA are at least partially stored in the same vesicles and these vesicles are involved in both spontaneous and evoked (asynchronous) release; (3) Co-storage of glutamate and GABA does not result in neurotransmitter synergy as GABA content is unaltered in VGLUT3-expressing vesicles; and (4) In a network of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons co-release of glutamate is not sufficient to induce clustering of AMPA receptors at the GABAergic postsynaptic structure. Pharmacological dissection of evoked PSCs from GABAergic neurons expressing the VGLUT3 transporter has shown that these responses contain both a glutamatergic and GABAergic component (Figure 1; Weston et al., 2011). However, these measurements cannot discern between glutamate and GABA released from the same or separate synapses or vesicles. Therefore, to further investigate this question, we took advantage of the distinct kinetics of postsynaptic responses mediated by GABAA and AMPA receptors (Figure 3). We found that a portion of spontaneously released mPSCs in striatal autapses expressing VGLUT3 showed a postsynaptic response, the decay of which was a convolution of the kinetics of GABAA and AMPA receptor responses, suggesting that glutamate and GABA are released from the same vesicle. Importantly, we could also show that co-release of glutamate and GABA can occur in response to presynaptic stimulation, as asynchronous PSC evoked in the presence of SrCl2 also contained a population with mixed GABAA and AMPA receptor kinetics (Figure 4). It should be noted that the percentage of mixed events detected from the total population of spontaneous or asynchronous events does not represent the fraction of vesicles that contain glutamate and GABA per se as the composition of postsynaptic receptors is unlikely to be uniform. Does the co-storage of glutamate in GABAergic vesicles have synergistic effects on filling? Our findings and a recent study by Case et al. (2014), indicate that GABA content is not influenced by co-packaging of glutamate (but see Zander et al., 2010). A series of studies show that the presence of VGLUT3 in cholinergic and serotonergic terminals stimulated the uptake of ACh and serotonin (5-HT) to SVs (Gras et al., 2008; Amilhon et al., 2010). These so called “synergistic effects” have been attributed to an increase in the pH gradient (ΔpH) across the vesicle membrane due to the presence of glutamate, which then drives neurotransmitter uptake (Hnasko et al., 2010; El Mestikawy et al., 2011). However, neurotransmitter transport by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) into SVs depends largely on ΔpH (Johnson et al., 1981; Nguyen et al., 1998). Because accumulation of GABA by VGAT depends both on the transmembrane potential (Δψ) and on ΔpH (Hell et al., 1990), the acidification of SVs by VGLUTs seems to be less important than in the case of the positively-charged ACh, dopamine and 5-HT. Even though multiple cell types in the brain have been identified where vesicular GABA and glutamate transporters are co-expressed, it has been difficult to prove co-release of GABA and glutamate at those synapses. Co-release of the two fast-acting NTs has been shown in the lateral superior olive (LSO; Gillespie et al., 2005) and in hippocampal mossy fibers (Gutiérrez, 2003; Beltrán and Gutiérrez, 2012). GABA/glycinergic synapses from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) express VGLUT3 and co-release glutamate, which is important for the refinement of an inhibitory map in the auditory system (Noh et al., 2010). It has also been shown that glutamatergic granule cells in the dentate gyrus transiently release GABA during development from single mossy fiber giant boutons in hippocampal brain slice (Beltrán and Gutiérrez, 2012; Münster-Wandowski et al., 2013) and in autaptic culture (Valente et al., 2015). One important question from a cell biological standpoint is whether co-release of glutamate at a GABAergic synapse influences the postsynaptic receptor identity. We found that in isolated, autaptic GABAergic neurons cultured from striatum, expression of VGLUT3 induced co-release of glutamate detected postsynaptically at the same synapses as GABA (Figures 3–4). This suggests that GABAergic synapses in the autaptic model contain AMPA receptors. Interestingly, it has been shown that GABAergic neurons grown in isolation have a diffuse distribution of AMPA receptors throughout their dendrites; however, in the presence of glutamatergic input, AMPA receptor distribution becomes punctate (Rao et al., 2000). We found that in the presence of glutamatergic input in mass culture or multicellular microislands, co-release of glutamate from GABAergic terminals was no longer detectable through AMPA receptor-mediated currents (Figure 5). Because our experiments comparing co-release in isolated, GABAergic striatal neurons and GABAergic striatal neurons in mixed mass culture used sister cultures expressing VGLUT3 from the same constructs, we speculate that the lack of AMPA receptor-mediated currents in only the mass culture model is not due to lack of VGLUT3 expression in these cells. Instead, we favor the interpretation that with glutamatergic input, AMPA receptors are recruited to glutamatergic synapses, and that co-release of glutamate from a GABAergic terminal is not sufficient to induce AMPA receptor clustering at its postsynaptic element. However, it cannot be ruled out that at GABAergic synapses endogenously co-expressing VGLUT3, that the postsynaptic element may contain specific molecules promoting the capture of AMPA receptors. We have shown, as a proof of principle, that on a quantal level, expression of both VGLUT and VGAT in a presynaptic terminal leads to glutamate/GABA co-release. How might this co-release influence signaling at VGLUT3-expressing GABAergic terminals? It is feasible that co-released glutamate could act through a spillover mechanism to activate metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are present on GABAergic terminals (Somogyi et al., 2003). Another distinct possibility is that glutamate may activate high-affinity NMDA receptors, which have been suggested to exist at VGLUT3-expressing GABAergic terminals in adult rat hippocampus (Stensrud et al., 2015). In addition, activation of NMDA receptors by co-released glutamate has been proposed as the mechanism by which expression of VGLUT3 in GABAergic synapses refines the tontopic map in auditory brainstem (Gillespie et al., 2005; Noh et al., 2010). Further details regarding how glutamate co-release at GABAergic terminals in various regions with endogenous VGLUT3 expression affects signaling at the synaptic level and function at the circuit level are interesting questions to be addressed by further studies. Funding This work was supported by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (PhD fellowship to JZ) and the German Research Council (DFG Training Grant GRK1123 to JZ), the European Research Foundation (Grant SynVglut to CR), and the Excellence Cluster NeuroCure Exc257 (to CR). Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
2023-10-24T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5671
Beta-adrenergic blockade and peripheral vascular disease. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease are common accompaniments of peripheral vascular disease, and are often treated with beta-blocking drugs. Previous reports, however, have suggested that these drugs may aggravate peripheral vascular disease. A study was designed to investigate this problem with claudication-distance and skin and muscle blood-flow studies (as determined by 133Xe clearance) as indices for assessment. In all 11 patients who presented with features of peripheral vascular disease and were found to be taking beta-blocking drugs, administration of the drug was stopped, blood pressure was controlled by other means, and the situation was reassessed four weeks later. There was a significant improvement in claudication distance and in resting and post-exercise muscle blood flow after withdrawal of the drug. This held for both cardioselective and nonselective beta-blockers. It is recommended that this group of drugs be avoided in the treatment of patients with peripheral vascular disease.
2024-06-15T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2021
[Myocardial Hypoenhancement on Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients With Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome]. The purpose of our study was analysis of myocardial hypoenhancement areas (MHAs) found by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) and comparison of these findings with results of standard methods of diagnostics of myocardial infarction and ischemia [electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO)]. MHAs were found in 18 of 21 patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (85.7%) and only in 3 of 22 patients with unstable angina (UA) (13.6%, p.
2024-01-27T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4730
Rep. Pete Aguilar, D-Calif., said Republicans in Congress quietly removed the term “white nationalist” from a defense bill amendment aimed at keeping white nationalists out of the military. Aguilar introduced the amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act in July in response to reports about the rise of white nationalists in the military. The House of Representatives approved the amendment, which was specifically aimed to screen military enlistees for white nationalist views. The amendment sought to address white nationalists in the military by requiring the secretary of defense to “study the feasibility” of screening for “individuals with ties to white nationalist organizations.” But the Republican-controlled Senate passed its own version of the bill and the term “white nationalist” was quietly removed when the two bills were reconciled, HuffPost reported. The final version of the NDAA now calls for the Pentagon to screen military enlistees for “extremist and gang-related activity.” It’s unclear who changed the language in the bill or why it was altered. Members of the Senate Armed Services Committee, including Chairman Jim Inhofe, R-Okla., did not comment on the report. Aguilar told HuffPost that white nationalists have already “successfully enlisted in our military in order to gain access to combat training and weaponry.” “We cannot turn a blind eye to this growing problem which puts our national security and the safety of the brave men and women serving our country in jeopardy,” he said. “It’s disappointing that Senate Republicans disagree.” The move comes after a series of stories revealing an alarming rise in white nationalism in the military. A 2017 poll from the Military Times found that nearly a quarter of all service members had “experienced examples of white nationalism in the military,” including 42 percent of non-white troops. That poll came nearly a decade after a 2008 FBI report warned that “white supremacist leaders are making a concerted effort to recruit active-duty soldiers and recent combat veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.” Nearly a third of service members believe that white nationalism in the military is a bigger threat than Afghanistan or Iraq, according to the Military Times poll. Earlier this year, U.S. Coast Guard officer Christopher Hasson, an apparent white supremacist, was arrested for plotting a terrorist attack against lawmakers and journalists inspired by Norwegian terrorist Anders Breivik. The military launched an investigation into 11 members of the Marines, Air Force and Army, and the Texas and Minnesota National Guard, after HuffPost reported their ties to Identity Evropa, which was labeled a “white supremacist” group by the Anti-Defamation League. A Vice News investigation also found at least three military members registered on the neo-Nazi forum Iron March, including a Marine who sought to recruit others for a “racial holy war.” A ProPublica and Frontline investigation also found that numerous Marines were members of neo-Nazi groups. “The fact that Senate Republicans are actively working to help shield white nationalists in the military should set off alarms across the country,” said journalist John Stanton. Amy Spitalnick, the executive director of Integrity First for America, an organization suing the Nazis that attacked Charlotteville in 2017, said the move shows that Congress is willfully ignoring “the crisis of white nationalism in America.” “In totally unrelated news, right-wing extremists killed more people last year than any year since 1995,” she wrote. “When they ask where they were radicalized,” added journalist Kaz Weida, “you can point to a Republican-controlled Senate.” This piece was reprinted by Truthout with permission or license. It may not be reproduced in any form without permission or license from the source.
2023-09-30T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2179
No description has been written. 22,208 downloads, 250 favorites, 18 pages. uploaded by CGrascal, April 26, 2010. Description: No description has been written. You must Login to comment on School Maid. Stark610 (Sat Jul 31, 2010, 3:45 am). — “Original Work - School Maid | Information”, IMDb: The biggest, best, most award-winning movie site on the planet. Best "Actor/High School/Maid" Titles. 5 titles. Sort by: Release Date. Rating. Votes. 1. Storytelling (2001) College and high school serve as the backdrop for two stories about dysfunction and. — “Best "Actor/High School/Maid" Titles”, Definition of Schoolmaid in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of Schoolmaid. Pronunciation of Schoolmaid. Translations of Schoolmaid. Schoolmaid synonyms, Schoolmaid antonyms. Information about Schoolmaid in the free online English dictionary and. — “Schoolmaid - definition of Schoolmaid by the Free Online”, We are a community website designed to bring you the best wallpapers and vectors on the Internet! animepaper.net > Art > Scans > Love Plus > After school maid. Staff Pick Sunset Mantle. As an animation, Bakemonogatari has a simple, clean art style. — “After school maid - Love Plus - Anime Paper - Anime”, Your not damaged goods. Everyone has "baggage" and everyone thinks their baggage is the worst. Even if to the next person it doesn't seem that bad. You had some hard knocks. You've have some major disappointments. Thats sad and scary. No one. — “Am I Emotionally Damaged/Damaged Goods? Ever since I was”, FHA - Walktru - Pt 30 - Heaven's Feel Backnight 2 Pt 4 Link to Part 31: http://youtu.be/vxRjFDJH0po We go back to Avenger's Perspective as he goes on his adventures with Bazett. Maid of Honor Speech for High School Sweethearts "Tell the truth, Andy. What was it that first attracted you to Jenny? Was it the pink hair? The braces? The jeans that were purposefully shredded and torn?" ... "IN HIGH SCHOOL...MAID" VO {Fran/Val from The Nanny} So this has been one of my favorite shows since forever. And since my voice sucks so bad, I have saved this scene for three months. but tonight I'm a bit tip... FHA - Walktru - Pt 48 - Archery Club & Iron and Button & Peace and Quiet (II) Link to Part 49: http://youtu.be/KitRhcSSBuM Full scene names -------------------------- Sakura, Mitsuzuri, and the Archery Club & Iron and the Second Button... FHA - Walktru - Pt 54 - Cooking Caster, Three Girls One Day, Sakura and Caster Link to Part 55: http://youtu.be/WURlBQcoezg Full Scene Titles: Persistent Cooking Caster Three Girls One Day Sakura and Caster, united edition. Shinji time, a late night massage, and a sorcery lesson - FateHA - Pt 85 First, the alcohol scene, then the massage scene I wonder how many times, the fact that 'something' happened has been implied. Also, I guess Shirou's personality switches depending on the... The Crookes - Backstreet Lovers (Official Video) Official video for The Crookes' third single 'Backstreet Lovers'. The single is the lead track from the 'Dreams of Another Day' E.P. which will be released t... The Crookes - Backstreet Lovers - live Atomic Café Munich 2014-05-12 For better quality switch to HD. For more info on the band: http:/// Lyrics: Razor tea-cups and tip top craic of the crooked, Backstreet Love...
2024-05-16T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8026
Ivan Šimonović Ivan Šimonović (; born 2 May 1959) is a Croatian diplomat, politician and law scholar. In October 2008 he was appointed Justice Minister of Croatia. On 3 May 2010, Šimonović was appointed UN Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights. Life and career Šimonović graduated from the University of Zagreb Law School in 1982. He obtained a doctoral degree in 1990, at the age of 31. Šimonović joined the Croatian diplomatic corps after the break-up of Yugoslavia. He was an assistant to Foreign Minister Mate Granić during the 1990s, although he never joined the ruling party, the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ). In 1997, Croatian President Franjo Tuđman named him ambassador to the United Nations. Šimonović served there until 2002. While serving there, Šimonović presided over the United Nations Economic and Social Council. In 2002, Šimonovic was named Deputy Foreign Minister in Ivica Račan's government. He remained independent and did not join the ruling SDP. When the HDZ swung back to power in 2003, Šimonović was not offered a job in the new government. In 2004, he became a professor at the University of Zagreb Law School, where he teaches general theory of law and state and international relations. Šimonović was appointed Minister of Justice-designate of Croatia by PM Ivo Sanader on 6 October 2008. His predecessor, Ana Lovrin, had resigned the same day following a series of unsolved assaults and murders linked to Croatian organized crime that culminated with the murder of Ivana Hodak, daughter of controversial Croatian lawyer Zvonimir Hodak. However, it turned out that she was killed by a homeless man, in some apparent act of retaliation against her father. In May 2010 Šimonović was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights. References External links Personal data at OHCHR portal Category:1959 births Category:Living people Category:Members of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance Category:People from Zagreb Category:Croatian diplomats Category:Croatian educators Category:Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb alumni Category:Croatian officials of the United Nations Category:University of Zagreb faculty Category:Permanent Representatives of Croatia to the United Nations Category:Justice ministers of Croatia
2024-01-27T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4653
NBA agent and Klutch Sports co-founder Rich Paul called the choice of top prospect Darius Bazley to forgo college and opt for a $1 million shoe-company internship the product of a broken system, saying Wednesday that the on-court component of the next seven months was "the one thing that we were missing." Bazley, ranked the No. 13 prospect in 2018 by ESPN, decommitted from Syracuse in March and said he planned to play in the NBA's G League. This week, he again changed course, landing a first-of-its-kind three-month job with New Balance, a deal Paul brokered. Paul, speaking in an appearance on ESPN's The Jump, said he wasn't sure the move would start a trend but did think it was a pioneering leap out of an institutionalized process that needed to change. "And until that happens, they need options," Paul said. Paul said Bazley was part of a system people in authority have "been able to control for a long time." "And when you're a threat to that system, they don't like that," Paul said. Bazley, a 6-foot-8 forward from Ohio, will enter the 2019 NBA draft, Paul said. Bazley had been poised to be the first five-star prospect to skip college for the G League, after several players have gone the overseas route. Like most high school players, Bazley was ineligible for the 2018 NBA draft because he's not one year removed from his graduating class. In the past, if a player was ruled ineligible for college or wanted to skip college, he generally went overseas, as Brandon Jennings, Emmanuel Mudiay and Terrance Ferguson did. In May, Bazley signed with Paul, who also has longtime friend LeBron James, John Wall and Ben Simmons among his NBA clients. Bazley will be paid a $200,000 base salary annually over five years, assuming he is on an NBA roster in the second year and in the league each season thereafter. Paul earlier this week told The New York Times that the internship was part of a multiyear shoe contract that could pay Bazley up to $14 million if he reaches performance incentives written into the contract. "Darius is a very, very different kid," Paul told The Jump. "His mom and him came to me, and they wanted advice. ... The main thing for me was just trying to find out the best way for Darius to spend his time since he was not going to college. And New Balance is a very fearless, independent brand, and what they represent aligned directly with who Darius Bazley is and what he wanted to do." The slender Bazley, who was listed at 195 pounds in high school, also will work on his strength and skills in the run-up to the draft. In an interview with The Times, he called the move "my risk." "For who he is," Paul said, "regardless of what happens in the rest of his life, he'll have a head start. He'll know more about the business around the game than anybody in his class based upon what he'll learn." But Paul said the on-court component remained uncertain. "It's tough to find runs, right?" Paul said of pickup games. "So, he has an unbelievable skill set. But he needs to play. He's going to train on the court, obviously find pickup games here and there. But the way this goes, we're here in October and tomorrow we're in March. It goes like that. "So any rookie that comes into our league, it still takes time for them to develop. So he has a skill set that you -- he's 6-9½ with a guard skill set. And again, the challenge would be the actual play part. And that's OK; he's accepting that. I tell him all the time -- we just talked this morning -- 'Even if you have to play one-on-one, one-on-none to work on certain things, that's what we have to do.' But I'm not going to throw him out there with just anybody and have him play. That's not going to happen." Bazley's move won't come without controversy. On Wednesday, Syracuse coach Jim Boeheim -- who later tweeted he wished Bazley the best and even called Paul to apologize -- told Stadium's Jeff Goodman, "LeBron did a nice job helping his client. It is LeBron's client, right?" James was quick to respond via social media. OH THEY BIG MAD!!!!! 🤣🤣🤣 https://t.co/DP2bGAeWq8 — LeBron James (@KingJames) October 24, 2018 Paul said he wasn't certain whether more players would follow Bazley's path. "It's not for everybody, so I'm not going to sit here and say anyone should follow this path," Paul said. "This was just the right path for Darius Bazley. This is the right path for Darius Bazley and his family. It takes a collective group of people; his mom was very understanding and willing to allow me to advise them as a family. And the parents are important in this, as well. It's not just me. The parents are very important. And you have to work together with families to help them understand why this is important." Paul said the college route is "the right thing" for most players. "Because you need to learn how to play the game," Paul said. "And you need to learn how to mature as a man." New Balance hasn't marketed basketball shoes since the 1990s. Bazley, who decided not to play in the development league, is the first athlete signed to promote the company's reentry into the basketball shoe market. Paul said Bazley would start the three-month position in January and work out of Boston. "They wanted to be able to tell his story and to tell it the right way," Paul said of New Balance. "For me, I don't have a platform for NBA scouts to reach out and call and say, 'Well, what's his character like? How's he doing in class?' "And so, I presented to him," Paul said. "I said, 'Let's do this deal, but while doing this deal, let's implement this into the deal.' And so he's going to be an intern. He starts in January; it's for three months. He'll be in Boston. He'll work out and train there. And he's able to learn a business that actually aligns with what he likes. He'll learn what goes into making a shoe. He'll learn about a storyboard -- why they picked a certain athlete that they pick. And so -- rollout plan, how to execute it." Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.
2023-11-11T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1731
"This summer I was blessed with the opportunity to work the Detroit Lions! My experience with the Lions is one I will never forget! From the moment I arrives, it felt as if I was a part of the family. I got to work with and learn from some of the best certified trainers in the league! Being one of the first two girls to work for the Lions athletic training staff was definitely a blessing and I'm glad our positive experience can eventually open up the doors for many girls to come! I will take everything I've learned from my internship with me throughout the rest of my athletic training career!"
2023-11-19T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5953
ACTH4-10 and memory in ECT-treated and untreated patients. I. Effect on consolidation. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effect of a single dose of ACTH4-10 (30 mg subcutaneously) on memory as measured with a test battery appropriate for the study of "consolidation". Twenty depressive inpatients participated in the intraindividual double-blind cross-over comparison between ACTH4-10 and placebo in connection with the second and third treatment in the ECT series. ACTH4-10 (or placebo) was administered subcutaneously 30 min after unilateral ECT. Memory functions were examined 90 min before and 150 min after the administration of the drug. A similar design was used in a study of 20 inpatients with neurotic depression not treated with ECT. The results of both studies give no evidence of a positive influence of a single dose of ACTH4-10 on consolidation of memory. Possible sources of error are discussed.
2024-04-12T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9511
Patent EU-A-0 003 192 already discloses a clamp which is easy to dismount and re-use, intended particularly, but not exclusively, for securing a sleeve or flexible hose on a rigid pipe. Such a clamp is constituted by a metal band wound on itself, whose ends are suitably bent to form complementary tightening and joining means. The tightening means are constituted by lugs forming radial stops on which may abut the jaws of a tool of the pliers type. The joining means are themselves constituted by two complementary elements generally in the form of hooks. When the clamp is in non-tightened state, the two complementary joining means are separate from each other but cooperate with each other after the clamp has been tightened and thus maintain the clamp in its tightened position. Such a clamp gives entire satisfaction in a large number of applications, but it has appeared necessary to improve the design thereof in order to take into account certain requirements both from the standpoint of the consumers and of manufacture. In fact, this known clamp may be reproached with requiring special pliers for assembling it, whereas the consumers would like a clamp which can be positioned with the aid of ordinary flat pliers. Furthermore, the joining means, necessarily projecting on the outer periphery of the clamp, risk, if they are mounted on mobile members, for example on rotating shafts, either being unhooked or gripping on objects. This is particularly the case when the clamps in question are used for securing bellows for protecting the universal joints of the transmission shafts of a vehicle. Consequently, it is desired that the joining means of the clamp be protected against any dangerous approach of objects. Finally, concerning manufacture, it should be noted that the known clamp necessitates the combination of several techniques (rolling, folding, pressing), which requires somewhat complicated and expensive machines and tools. In addition, each clamp has specific dimensions and it is not possible, as has already been proposed for other types of clamps, particularly by Patent EU-A-0 153 452, to make the different parts of the clamp separately, which would rationalize manufacture and reduce the costs thereof. It is an object of the present invention to overcome the difficulties which have just been set forth whilst conserving the advantages of the prior known clamp described in Patent EU-A-0 003 192.
2024-07-30T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8084
Hello! This time we've got some development videos to share with you. They show the process of developing a boss character. The first one is 2 hours of work in 3 minutes and presents drawing of the character. The second is 40 minutes of work in 1 minute and is about animating him. Each animation takes about 40 minutes to create, and there are 50 characters in the game and each of them needs ten animations on average. Game development is hard work, but it's a lot of fun as well.
2023-10-30T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5193
favour favour (USfavor) ► NOUN1) approval or liking. 2) an act of kindness beyond what is due or usual. 3) overgenerous preferential treatment. 4) (one's favours) dated a woman's consent to a man having sexual intercourse with her. 5) archaic a thing such as a badge that is worn as a mark of favour or support. Look at other dictionaries: Favour — Favour, Favor, Favours, or Favors may refer to:* Party favor, a small gift given to the guests at a party * Wedding favors, small gifts given as a gesture of appreciation to guests from the bride and groom during a weddingPeople with the surname… … Wikipedia favour — 1 BrE, favor AmE noun 1 HELP (C) something that you do for someone in order to help them or be kind to them : ask a favour (of sb): Can I ask a favor of you? | do sb a favour: Could you do me a favour and turn off that light? | do sth as a favour … Longman dictionary of contemporary English favour — I UK [ˈfeɪvə(r)] / US [ˈfeɪvər] noun Word forms favour : singular favour plural favours *** 1) [countable] something that you do for someone in order to help them do someone a favour: Could you do me a favour? ask a favour of someone: Can I ask a … English dictionary favour — [[t]fe͟ɪvə(r)[/t]] ♦♦ favours, favouring, favoured (in AM, use favor) 1) N UNCOUNT If you regard something or someone with favour, you like or support them. It remains to be seen if the show will still find favour with a 1990s audience... No one… … English dictionary
2023-11-02T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1582
Cardiovascular Disease Drs. Kaplan, Molina and Schneider answer questions on high cholesterol. Gary P. Kaplan, M.D., Ph.D. is a neurologist and associate professor of clinical neurology at New York University School of Medicine. He is also a recipient of the Albert H. Douglas Award from the Medical Society of the State of New York for outstanding achievements as a clinical teacher interested in promoting and improving the medical education of physicians. César Molina, M.D., F.A.C.C. is Medical Director of the South Asian Heart Center at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, CA. He is a graduate of Yale University School of Medicine and a fellow of the American College of Cardiology. Dr. Molina has recently appeared in the international edition of CNN discussing the benefits of diet and exercise in the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease. Robert Schneider, M.D., F.A.C.C., F.A.B.M.R. has been awarded more than $20 million in grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for his pioneering research on natural approaches to heart disease. Dr. Schneider is the author of Total Heart Health and 100 medical research articles, and he has been featured in more than 1,000 media reports, including CNN Headline News, The New York Times, and Time magazine. James Krag, M.D. is a Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, president of the Psychiatric Society of Virginia, and former president of the Virginia Association of Community Psychiatrists for four years. He is currently Medical Director of Liberty Point, a residential treatment program for adolescents with psychiatric problems. Dr. Kaplan:A groundbreaking study published in the journal Stroke showed that the thickness of the wall of the carotid artery, a warning sign for hardening of the arteries, is reduced with regular practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique.Related Scientific Research Dr. Molina: The Transcendental Meditation technique, even though it is a mental technique, brings about a unique neuro-psycho-physiological state. Those changes in the physiology lead to a drop in cholesterol and a drop in blood pressure. When you lower your blood pressure and your cholesterol, you decrease your risk of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that patients with coronary heart disease who practice the Transcendental Meditation technique have less angina. On an exercise stress test subjects practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique also demonstrate an increased capacity to exercise, associated with decreased ischemia, or coronary artery insufficiency. It's also important to recognize that high blood pressure, diabetes and tobacco use are the three most important risk factors for heart disease. At the same time, high blood pressure is the most important risk factor for stroke. The Transcendental Meditation technique has been shown to decrease both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure, but it particularly decreases the systolic blood pressure, which is most related to increased risk for stroke. It's also the one that is not well-treated by the present pharmacologic therapy for high blood pressure. The Transcendental Meditation technique has also been shown to reduce insulin resistance, which is considered to be a very important risk factor for diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Dr. Schneider: It's true that atherosclerosis is caused by a variety of risk factors, such as high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance. In addition there are underlying biochemical imbalances due to free radicals or oxidative stress. Research has shown that chronic stress contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis directly and by increasing just about every other risk factor for heart disease. The effects of chronic stress are mediated by stress hormones such as cortisol and by the sympathetic nervous system, which releases adrenaline and noradrenalin. RESEARCH ON THE TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION PROGRAM has shown that it deceases most of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis [heart disease]—psychological stress, high blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol, oxidized lipids, and insulin resistance. At the level of neurohormones, there are reductions in stress hormones and sympathetic nervous system disorders. The neuro-endocrine and cardiovascular changes are likely the result of greater orderliness and balance in the central nervous system. Besides reduction in cardiovascular risk factors, research has shown reductions in narrowing of the arteries (regression of atherosclerosis), reduced hypertrophy of the heart (left ventricular hypertrophy), and reductions in mortality from heart disease and other causes. So this is a well-established sequence of events whereby transcending through the Transcendental Meditation technique leads to greater heart health. Related Scientific Research Dr. Krag: You are right when you say that genetic factors are very important, but it is a medical fact that most people are not living as long as genes would potentially allow. Instead, they are dying years earlier. The foods you eat are important, but equally important is how your body metabolizes that food. As an example, imagine a meal that is perfectly healthy in every way. One day you sit to eat when you are feeling calm and happy and are surrounded by loving family and friends. Another day you eat the exact same meal but you are tired, worried, angry and surrounded by discord. As far as your body is concerned, it is not the same meal and will be metabolized differently. Clearly, diet alone is not the key. The Transcendental Meditation technique produces a state of calm that we carry with us. Then we not only metabolize food better, we also "metabolize" everything that comes into the senses better. Dr. Schneider:No, the research showed that subjects who practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique experienced a reduction in coronary risk factors without any change in diet or lifestyle. Of course, it's always best to choose healthy foods for improved health and longevity. Dr. Molina:No, there are no dietary requirements to practice the Transcendental Meditation technique. Changing your diet is not a requirement to practice the Transcendental Meditation program nor is it a requirement to obtain the benefits reported in research studies. However, it is always wise for patients to eat regular meals and to eat healthy, freshly prepared foods, especially fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains.Related Scientific Research Dr. Molina:Actually, I recommend the Transcendental Meditation technique to anyone, because you don't have to be sick to meditate. There have been studies showing that Transcendental Meditation technique increases longevity and decreases cardiovascular death, as compared to control groups that did nothing, received regular medical care and practiced other relaxation techniques. Also, the TM technique does reduce the risk factors for heart disease and stroke. The Transcendental Meditation technique is a very simple mental technique, and when practiced regularly, it is associated with a decrease in blood pressure and improved neuro-physiological integration and endocrine integration; therefore, it is a process in which you can decrease high blood pressure, decrease atherosclerosis, and at the same time become more awake, alert, bright and happy.Related Scientific Research
2024-04-22T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4372
Q: If $\dim X=\infty$, can there be a compact $C$ such that $X\setminus C$ has two components? Let $X$ be an infinite-dimensional normed space. Can there be a compact $C$ such that $X\setminus C$ has two components? My guess is no because compact sets are kind of "small" (their interiors are empty). But how can we prove it? A: The answer is "no". In fact, $X \setminus C$ is homeomorphic to $X$. See for example Corollary 5.1 in Bessaga, Czesław, and Aleksander Pełczyński. Selected topics in infinite-dimensional topology. Vol. 58. Panstwowe wyd. naukowe, 1975.
2024-06-03T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4111
Frans Masereel Centrum Frans Masereel Centre offers residencies and a working space to graphic designers, artists and critics who want to work with intaglio, relief printing, screen print or lithography, or who want to investigate the relationship of graphics with other visual arts. The focus is on creation and experimentation in the workshop. A revised residency programme will be available starting October 2018. To apply for the residencies, you must apply with the online form on the website, not by email. Types of residencies GeneralPeriod: 4 to 6 weeksCost: 155€ per weekDuring the general residency programme, the artist or designer realises a print project that matches his or her personal oeuvre. No prior knowledge of the graphic medium is required, but you are expected to work on your own. Two staff members are available for technical advice or help. ResearchPeriod: 8 weeksCost: 155€ per weekThis residency for researchers, artists, and designers is aimed at the research of the graphic medium. The wide range of printing techniques available at the centre provides the opportunity to study technical aspects, innovative processes and graphic visual elements. We offer you our infrastructure, time and international network so the conditions would be ideal for creating a research lab. The result of this research will be presented to the public in the form of an Artist Talk and also be published in the PRINT LAB on the centre’s website. EssayPeriod: 4 weeksCost: 105€ per weekCritics, artists and theoreticians can reside at the centre to write a critical text on a print related topic. The essay can relate to one or several resident artists, to an exhibition on graphic media, or to research about the graphic medium. SchoolPeriod: 1 or 2 weeksCost: 600€ per week (max 8 students and max 2 teachers) or €300 per week (max 4 students and max 2 teachers)A school residency is a unique opportunity for universities with a master degree programme (or third year Bachelor) to work on a contemporary print-related project. In a professional printmaking workshop and within the international context of a residency space, students can develop and realise this project under supervision of their teacher. We encourage schools to collaborate and work on a joint project. During the school residencies, the centre organises print related Artist Talks on Wednesday evenings. All residencies will start again in October/November 2018. Disciplines Multidisciplinary art, designers, theoreticians, critics, researchers, university students, and teachers. Any form of printmaking.
2024-01-02T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7152
The Giants finally had a day off on the spring schedule Thursday. It turned into a much longer break than players were expecting. Major League Baseball suspended the rest of spring training and has announced that the start of the regular season will be delayed by at least two weeks because of coronavirus. Given how fast this is moving -- the governor of Illinois announced later in the day that there would be no fans at Chicago stadiums until May -- there's a strong likelihood that Thursday's announcement from the league was just the beginning. It was a blow for players who aren't quite sure yet what the next two weeks will look like, or when they will be able to begin playing again. The Giants have spent a month ramping up to Opening Day and now will be put on ice, but they understand that this was necessary. "While we were looking forward to the start of the season, the health and safety of everybody is the main priority right now," Brandon Crawford said in a text message. "I think all parties involved are constantly gathering new information, but obviously this is something bigger than sports, and if it means delaying the start of our season to look out for the health of the population, then so be it." The players were briefed by team doctors last Friday, but up until that point COVID-19 was not a particularly hot topic in the clubhouse. Players were not told to stop signing autographs, just encouraged to be careful, and some continued to sign that afternoon during a game against the Brewers. A week later, everything has changed, and there's curiosity about where this is all headed and what the next steps are. Can @spidadmitchell or @rudygobert27 speak on what if any symptoms they have had or are currently experiencing? Are you guys bedridden? I’m seriously curious as to the severity. Thank you from the whole sports community! 🙏🏼 — Evan Longoria (@Evan3Longoria) March 12, 2020 The Giants have not announced an official plan for the next two weeks, but players were under the impression that they would continue to work out at Scottsdale Stadium. Many live in the area anyway, and all had planned to be in Scottsdale through the third week of March. There was a consensus that Thursday's step was the right one. "I think it's very smart of us to take these measures as of now," Mike Yastrzemski told NBC Sports Bay Area's Amy Gutierrez. "With all the unknowns right now it's important for us to keep ourselves, our families and the fans safe and healthy." The staff was meeting Thursday to decide on a plan for the players. Pitchers will need to be kept on track, especially starters who had just begun to approach a normal regular season workload. Hitters will have to keep their timing, knowing that games could pick up again with short notice. The first step, though, was making sure everyone was safe and sound, and the league and teams tried to do that Thursday. [RELATED: Kapler agree's with MLB's decision] "I don't think MLB has a choice," third base coach Ron Wotus told Gutierrez. "The safety of all citizens, our families and loved ones is the priority right now. Hopefully taking prudent and effective measure now will enhance our chances of getting our country and baseball back to normal sooner."
2024-07-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8832
package org.jsondoc.core.util.controller; import java.util.List; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.Api; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiAuthNone; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiBodyObject; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiError; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiErrors; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiHeader; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiHeaders; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiMethod; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiPathParam; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiResponseObject; import org.jsondoc.core.annotation.ApiVersion; import org.jsondoc.core.pojo.ApiVerb; @Api(name="Test1Controller", description="My test controller #1") @ApiVersion(since = "1.0") @ApiAuthNone public class Test1Controller { @ApiMethod( path="/test1", verb=ApiVerb.GET, description="test method for controller 1", consumes={"application/json"}, produces={"application/json"} ) @ApiVersion(since = "1.0") @ApiHeaders(headers={ @ApiHeader(name="application_id", description="The application's ID") }) @ApiErrors(apierrors={ @ApiError(code="1000", description="A test error #1"), @ApiError(code="2000", description="A test error #2") }) public @ApiResponseObject List<Integer> get( @ApiPathParam(name="id", description="abc") String id, @ApiPathParam(name="count", description="xyz") Integer count, @ApiBodyObject String name) { return null; } }
2023-12-11T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7003
Gliese 380g By fmilluminati Watch 6 Favourites 3 Comments 1K Views A spacecraft dropping landing pods over Gliese 380g. It's a cold world with hydrocarbon seas (like Saturn's Titan) with no potential for habitability, but the methane will help fuel rockets traveling around the Gliese 380 system. The habitable world for human explorers in this system is actually a moon of Gliese 380d - a temperate gas giant. IMAGE DETAILS Image size 3840x2160px 1.67 MB Show More
2024-01-31T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6306
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {#sec005} ============ Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) present specific conotruncal defects \[[@pone.0211170.ref001],[@pone.0211170.ref002], [@pone.0211170.ref003]\] including tetralogy of Fallot with or without pulmonary atresia \[[@pone.0211170.ref004], [@pone.0211170.ref005]\], Truncus Arteriosus \[[@pone.0211170.ref006], [@pone.0211170.ref007]\], Interrupted Aortic Arch \[[@pone.0211170.ref008], [@pone.0211170.ref009]\], other aortic arch anomalies or minor congenital heart defects \[[@pone.0211170.ref010], [@pone.0211170.ref011]\], and ventricular septal defect \[[@pone.0211170.ref012]\]. In more than 90% of them a 3 Mb deletion was detected \[[@pone.0211170.ref013]\], spanning LCR22-A to LCR22-D that contains at least 30 genes including *TBX1* in the proximal region. This encodes a T-box transcription factor identified as the major player of this syndrome throughout both modeling mice \[[@pone.0211170.ref014]--[@pone.0211170.ref017]\] and mutational analysis in patients \[[@pone.0211170.ref018]\]. In *Tbx1* mutant mice some cardiovascular anomalies similar to those found in 22q11.2DS patients have been described \[[@pone.0211170.ref015], [@pone.0211170.ref019]\]. These observations can be explained by the fact that *Tbx1* is expressed in precursors of outflow tract cells and its loss of function reduces cell contribution to the outflow tract \[[@pone.0211170.ref020]--[@pone.0211170.ref022]\]. Additional anomalies of pulmonary arteries (PAs) including diffuse hypoplasia, discontinuity, and crossing, were sporadically reported in 22q11.2DS patients \[[@pone.0211170.ref001], [@pone.0211170.ref003], [@pone.0211170.ref023]--[@pone.0211170.ref026]\] but not extensively studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the dimensions of both PAs in patients with this syndrome. In addition, we have analyzed the PAs diameters in *Tbx1* knockout mice and found that its haploinsufficiency is associated with PAs asymmetry, indicating that this gene is the candidate for the PA phenotype reported here. Materials and methods {#sec006} ===================== This is a prospective multicentric observational and experimental study conducted in three different Italian Centers: Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, and Institute of Genetics and Biophysics of National Research Council, Naples. Mouse studies were carried out at the Institute of Genetics and Biophysics under the auspices of the animal protocol 257/2015-PR (licensed to the AB lab) reviewed, according to Italian regulations, by the Italian Istituto Superiore di Sanità and approved by the Italian Ministero della Salute. The laboratory applies the \"3Rs\" principles to minimize the use of animals and to limit or eliminate suffering. Echocardiographic study {#sec007} ----------------------- Patients data were collected from our hospital database of patients attending the Pediatric Cardiology Division of Sapienza University and Bambino Gesù Children Hospital from October 2010 to April 2017. Informed consent was obtained from each patient (or legal guardians). The echocardiographic measurements are derived from routine ultrasound exams. The study conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. We included 58 pediatric and adult patients with 22q11.2DS without intracardiac malformations. Six of them presented isolated non-obstructive abnormalities of aortic arch or epiaortic vessels. We excluded from our cohort subjects with cardiac defects because of possible flow-related bias in our PAs measurements. The group of 58 cases consisted of 23 females (39.6%) and 35 males (60.4%), mean age of 12.8 ±10 years, with a mean body surface area (BSA) of 1.17±0.5; our control group consisted of 54 subjects (41% females) with a mean age of 10.8 ±10 years and a mean BSA of 1.18±0.5. All patients underwent genetic counseling, and fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed to confirm the specific microdeletion. Echocardiographic measurements were compared with healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and BSA. All patients and healthy controls underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiographic examinations using GE Vivid E9 (Medical Systems, Oslo, Norway) with M6SD and 7S convex probe and Philips Ie33 Machine (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA) with X-5 and X-7 probes. M Mode, 2-Dimensional, and Doppler examinations were performed in all subjects. In particular, pulmonary branches were measured in parasternal short axis view during systole. Aortic arch anomalies were diagnosed in jugular view. According to BSA, Z score values were reported for M Mode results and for 2D PA branches diameters. Images were digitally stored and measurement were made offline according to the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines by two independent readers for both centers (GM, PV, and GC, EP). Mouse studies {#sec008} ------------- To perform phenotypic analyses, *Tbx1*^*+/-*^ mice \[[@pone.0211170.ref015]\] were intercrossed and pregnant females (3--6 months-old) were sacrificed using CO~2~ inhalation at plug day (E) 18.5, and fetuses harvested. Prior to observation. fetuses were washed in PBS and dissected under a Zeiss Stemi 2000-CS Stereo Microscope. Photographs were taken using a Z-stack software. In order to improve the view, we injected ink into the pulmonary trunk. Overall we have dissected and examined the cardiovascular phenotype of 8 wild type (WT), 37 heterozygous (*Tbx1*^+/-^), and 6 null fetuses (*Tbx1*^-/-^). PA measurements (in pixels) were taken from good quality images at the same magnification using software tools. Statistical significance was evaluated using the Mann-Withney test. To reveal *Tbx1*-expressing cells and their descendants, we crossed *Tbx1*^*Cre*/+^ mice \[[@pone.0211170.ref027]\] with *Rosa*^*mT*-*mG*^ mice a Cre reporter \[[@pone.0211170.ref028]\]. Hearts of E18.5 *Tbx1*^*Cre*/+^; *Rosa*^*mT*-*mG*^ embryos were dissected, photographed whole mount under Stemi 2000-CS Stereo Microscope with epifluorescence illumination, and then processed for cryosectioning. Sections were immunostained with an anti PECAM1 antibody (mouse monoclonal 2H8, Thermo Fisher MA3105, diluted 1:200) and/or an anti GFP antibody (Abcam ab13970, 1:800) as described elsewhere \[[@pone.0211170.ref021]\]. Sections were photographed using a Leica fluorescence microscope. Digital images were mounted using Photoshop to generate the figures shown here. Results {#sec009} ======= 22q11.2DS patients have smaller LPAs than controls, independently from intracardiac anomalies {#sec010} --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We identified 58 patients with isolated abnormalities of aortic arch or epiaortic vessels disease according to our criteria. [Table 1](#pone.0211170.t001){ref-type="table"} summarizes major clinical findings. All 22q11.2DS patients had variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance of dysmorphic features typical of the syndrome. A similar group of healthy volunteers was analyzed ([Table 2](#pone.0211170.t002){ref-type="table"}). Using echocardiography, we have measured the diameter of PAs in a healthy subgroup and we found that LPAs were smaller than RPAs (9.4± 2.4 vs 10.0±2.8. P \< 0.05). This finding was confirmed also in in 22q11.2DS cases, which exhibited LPAs measurements smaller than RPAs (8.2± 2.4 vs 9.4±2.4; P = 0.016) and in Z score (-1.57± 1.2 vs -0.65± 1.0; P\<0.001). No differences were found comparing diameters of RPAs in cases and controls. In contrast, LPA/RPA ratios showed a significant difference between the two groups: 0.80±0.09 in cases vs 0.95±0.11 in controls (P \< 0.001) (Tables [1](#pone.0211170.t001){ref-type="table"} and [2](#pone.0211170.t002){ref-type="table"}). 10.1371/journal.pone.0211170.t001 ###### Echocardiographic data of 22q11.2DS patients without intracardiac defects. ![](pone.0211170.t001){#pone.0211170.t001g} Case Sex Ao Arch Anomalies PAs Anomalies Age Weight (kg) High (cm) BSA LPA d z-score LPA RPA d z-score RPA LPA/RPA -------- ----- --------------------------- --------------- ----- ------------- ----------- ------ ------- ------------- ------- ------------- --------- **1** M CPAs 0 8 79 0.42 3.9 -2.95 4.1 -3.43 0.95 **2** M 1 8.7 80 0.44 4.7 -2.03 5.7 -1.63 0.82 **3** F 1 10 72 0.46 7.7 0.8 8 0.29 0.96 **4** F 1 9.7 75 0.46 5.4 -1.32 6.8 -0.7 0.79 **5** F RAA 2 12 83 0.53 7.8 0.29 9.3 0.56 0.84 **6** M 2 8.5 80 0.44 5.4 -1.15 6.6 -0.69 0.82 **7** M 2 13 86 0.56 6.6 -0.93 7.9 -0.67 0.84 **8** M CPAs 2 11 83 0.51 5 -2.19 10 1.2 0.50 **9** F RAA, Retroesophageal ARSA 3 14 93 0.6 6.1 -1.67 6.8 -1.87 0.90 **10** F 3 13 95 0.59 5.4 -2.28 6.3 -2.21 0.86 **11** M 4 17 100.3 0.69 9.1 0.24 10 -0.04 0.91 **12** M 4 28 107 0.93 5.7 -3.47 7.8 -2.47 0.73 **13** F 4 16 100 0.67 5.6 -2.55 6.5 -2.53 0.86 **14** F 4 12.4 93 0.57 5.4 -2.15 6.5 -1.88 0.83 **15** M DAA 4 15 102 0.65 6.6 -1.47 8.3 -0.94 0.80 **16** M 4 17 106 0.71 5.4 -2.96 8.4 -1.18 0.64 **17** M 4 18 101 0.72 7.3 -1.2 9.2 -0.67 0.79 **18** F Retroesophageal ARSA 5 15.5 105 0.67 5.8 -2.38 6.9 -2.18 0.84 **19** M RAA, Retroesophageal ALSA 5 28 115 0.96 7.6 -1.82 8.3 -2.16 0.92 **20** F 5 13 97 0.59 7.2 -0.59 7.6 -1.1 0.95 **21** F 5 18 108 0.73 7 -1.54 9 -0.89 0.78 **22** M 7 25.5 118 0.92 6.2 -2.94 7.2 -2.93 0.86 **23** M 8 43 142 1.31 7.6 -2.38 10 -1.62 0.76 **24** F 8 22.6 115 0.85 6.7 -2.27 10 -0.72 0.67 **25** F Retroesophageal ARSA 9 31 132 1.07 12 0.67 12 -0.15 1.00 **26** M RAA 9 30 128 1.01 6.8 -2.61 8.2 -2.36 0.83 **27** M 9 35 138 1.16 7.9 -1.98 11 -0.83 0.72 **28** F 9 46 148 1.38 9.9 -0.87 13 -0.12 0.76 **29** F Retroesophageal ARSA 10 35 138 1.16 7.9 -1.98 9.1 -1.99 0.86 **30** M 10 34 134 1.13 9.4 -0.89 11 -0.78 0.85 **31** M 11 41 145.5 1.29 7.5 -2.44 8.2 -2.8 0.91 **32** M 11 39 138 1.23 8.8 -1.42 10 -1.51 0.88 **33** F RAA 12 45 149 1.37 7 -2.93 8.8 -2.47 0.80 **34** M 12 34 144 1.16 7.5 -2.29 9 -2.05 0.83 **35** M RAA, ALSA CPAs 12 45 150 1.37 10 -0.8 14 0.35 0.71 **36** F 13 16 100 0.67 6.1 -2.04 6.5 -2.53 0.94 **37** M CPAs 13 57 154 1.5 13 0.73 15 0.47 0.87 **38** M RAA, ALSA 14 54 163 1.56 8 -2.32 8.9 -2.76 0.90 **39** M CPAs 15 55 170 1.6 8.3 -2.15 12.3 -0.9 0.67 **40** M 15 51 170 1.54 8.9 -1.66 9.6 -2.25 0.93 **41** M 16 50 166 1.51 8.3 -2.04 12 -0.83 0.69 **42** F 18 54 161 1.55 7 -3.11 10 -2.04 0.70 **43** F 19 63 166 1.71 10.61 -0.85 14.34 -0.32 0.74 **44** F 19 66 167 1.76 11 -0.71 13.6 -0.81 0.81 **45** M 19 59 152 1.59 9 -1.65 11 -1.55 0.82 **46** M 19 70 160 1.78 9.6 -1.58 16 0.07 0.60 **47** M RAA, ALSA CPAs 20 61 176 1.72 7 -3.34 13 -0.93 0.54 **48** M 20 65 165 1.73 7 -3.37 8 -3.95 0.88 **49** M CPAs 21 62 166.5 1.7 12 N.A. 13 N.A. 0.92 **50** F RAA, ARSA 21 73 156 1.8 10 N.A. 14 N.A. 0.71 **51** M 22 61.5 174 1.72 10 N.A. 13 N.A. 0.77 **52** M 22 69 162 1.78 13.4 N.A. 12.7 N.A. 1.06 **53** M CPAs 23 59.5 163 1.65 12.8 N.A. 13.2 N.A. 0.97 **54** F CPAs 34 71 165 1.82 7 N.A. 13 N.A. 0.54 **55** F 34 74 167 1.87 7 N.A. 12 N.A. 0.58 **56** F 37 91 162 2.06 12 N.A. 16 N.A. 0.56 **57** M 40 87 172 2.06 8 N.A. 13 N.A. 0.62 **58** M 45 122 176 2.5 11.4 N.A. 17 N.A. 0.67 Abbreviations: Ao: aortic--PAs: pulmonary arteries; CPAs: crossed pulmonary arteries; DAA: double aortic arch; RAA: right aortic arch; ARSA: aberrant right subclavian artery; ALSA: aberrant left subclavian artery; ret: retroesophageal. 10.1371/journal.pone.0211170.t002 ###### Echocardiographic data of control patients. ![](pone.0211170.t002){#pone.0211170.t002g} Case Sex Ao Arch Anomalies PAs Anomalies Age Weight (kg) High (cm) BSA LPA d z-score LPA RPA d z-score RPA LPA/RPA -------- ----- ------------------- --------------- ----- ------------- ----------- ------ ------- ------------- ------- ------------- --------- **1** M 0 9 74 0.44 6.4 0.06 7.3 0.14 0.88 **2** M 1 12 82 0.53 6 -1.26 6.2 -1.89 0.97 **3** F 1 12.5 87 0.55 5.9 -1.54 6 -2.28 0.98 **4** F 1 5.7 70 0.33 9 2.88 8 1.58 1.12 **5** F 2 10.7 47 0.4 8 1.52 8.6 1.29 0.93 **6** M 2 15 110 0.67 7.2 -1.06 7.3 -1.84 0.99 **7** M 2 11.2 90 0.53 6 -1.22 6.8 -1.28 0.88 **8** M 3 15.5 95 0.64 7.5 -0.67 7.5 -1.53 1 **9** F 3 15.5 102 0.66 7.2 -1.01 7.5 -1.63 0.96 **10** F 3 14 90 0.6 6.7 -1.06 7.2 -1.47 0.93 **11** M 4 21 110 0.8 6.4 -2.37 6.8 -2.9 0.94 **12** M 4 19 106 0.75 9.6 0.28 9.8 -0.45 0.98 **13** F 4 15 98 0.64 7.6 -0.57 7.8 -1.26 0.97 **14** F 4 17 108 0.71 8.1 -0.56 8.6 -1.06 0.94 **15** M 4 14 103 0.63 6.2 -1.72 6.6 -2.21 0.94 **16** M 4 23 100 0.81 10.1 0.32 12.2 0.62 0.83 **17** M 3 18 104 0.72 7.9 -0.77 8.6 -1.12 0.92 **18** F 5 22 123 0.86 7.6 -1.55 7.5 -2.51 1.01 **19** M 5 29 126 1.01 9.7 -0.49 11.9 -0.09 0.81 **20** F 5 26 124 0.95 7.4 -1.95 7.7 -2.59 0.96 **21** F 5 20 117 0.8 8.5 -0.67 7.5 -2.3 1.13 **22** M 7 27 121 0.96 8.5 -1.1 10 -0.79 0.85 **23** M 8 27 138 1.01 8.4 -1.4 8.5 -2.2 0.99 **24** F 8 25.5 129 0.95 8.4 -1.21 7.9 -2.45 1.06 **25** F 9 32 128 1.07 7.4 -2.23 7.5 -3.02 0.99 **26** M 9 40 139 1.25 11 -0.11 11 -0.96 1 **27** M 9 30.8 138 1.08 8.5 -1.5 9.3 -1.7 0.91 **28** F 8 35 142 1.17 10.4 -0.35 13.2 0.26 0.79 **29** F 10 45 150 1.37 9.9 -0.86 9.9 -1.76 1 **30** M 11 66 162 1.74 12 -0.15 13.4 -0.81 0.89 **31** M 11 42 158 1.35 10 -0.78 11 -1.09 0.91 **32** M 11 42 140 1.28 12 0.37 13 0.01 0.92 **33** F 12 36 148 1.21 10 -0.63 11 -0.9 0.91 **34** M 12 41 150 1.3 11 -0.17 10 -1.61 1.1 **35** M 12 40 148 1.28 7.2 -2.68 7.4 -3.41 0.97 **36** F 13 72 168 1.84 13 0.09 12.8 -1.6 1.02 **37** M 14 48 164 1.47 13 0.68 10 -1.86 1.3 **38** M 14 59 170 1.67 9.5 -1.43 9 -2.98 1.05 **39** M 16 70 163 1.8 10 -1.6 12 -1.3 0.83 **40** M 16 60 175 1.7 9.3 -1.61 9.3 -2.9 1 **41** F 18 80 160 1.92 12 1.1 11 -1.9 1.09 **42** F 20 55 165 1.58 12.12 0.08 13.58 -0.24 0.89 **43** M 20 68 168 1.79 8 -2.68 8.6 -3.74 0.93 **44** M 20 67 172 1.79 10 -1.36 10 -2.83 1 **45** M 21 82 190 2.08 11 N.A. 9 N.A. 1.2 **46** F 22 85 165 2.00 7 N.A. 7.1 N.A. 0.98 **47** M 22 76 177 1.94 9.1 N.A. 10 N.A. 0.91 **48** M 21 63 170 1.73 9.8 N.A. 11 N.A. 0.89 **49** M 23 87 170 2.05 14 N.A. 15 N.A. 0.93 **50** F 33 58 170 1.65 12.69 N.A. 13.36 N.A. 0.95 **51** F 33 61 162 1.66 13 N.A. 14 N.A. 0.93 **52** F 38 78 170 1.94 13 N.A. 13.8 N.A. 0.94 **53** M 40 107 170 2.29 17 N.A. 16 N.A. 1.06 **54** M 45 90 178 2.13 17.1 N.A. 19 N.A. 0.9 Abbreviations: Ao: aortic---PAs: pulmonary arteries---RAA: right aortic arch--ARSA: aberrant right subclavian artery--DAA: double aortic arch--ALSA: aberrant left subclavian artery. *Tbx1* haploinsufficiency is associated with smaller LPAs in mice {#sec011} ----------------------------------------------------------------- *TBX1* is the candidate gene for many of the clinical and developmental features of 22q11.2DS patients including aortic arch anomalies and intracardiac anomalies. However, to our knowledge, anomalies of PAs in mouse mutants have not been reported to date. To understand whether loss of *Tbx1* may be a candidate also for the observed size asymmetry of the PAs, we measured them in *Tbx1*^+/+^, *Tbx1*^+/-^, and *Tbx1*^-/-^ E18.5 fetuses in a homogeneous congenic background C57Bl6/N. Results are plotted in [Fig 1](#pone.0211170.g001){ref-type="fig"}. In WT (*Tbx1*^+/+^) fetuses, we found no significant difference (Mann-Whitney test) in the diameters of LPAs and RPAs (ratio LPA/RPA = 0.92. n = 8). However, in *Tbx1*^+/-^ fetuses, the LPAs were significantly smaller than the RPAs (P = 0.0016, ratio LPA/RPA = 0.79, n = 37). Similarly, the *Tbx1*^-/-^ fetuses also had significantly different PAs (P = 0.004, ratio LPA/RPA = 0.63, n = 6). All WT fetuses had normal arch and epiaortic vessels. Of the 37 heterozygous animals analyzed, 14 had aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery (37.8%) of which, 2 had high aortic arch, 3 interrupted aortic arch type B, and 1 right aortic arch. All 6 *Tbx1*^-/-^ fetuses had truncus arteriosus, as previously described \[[@pone.0211170.ref015]\]. In all *Tbx1*^-/-^ fetuses the pulmonary arteries rose separately from the posterior wall of the arterial trunk proximal to the branches of aortic arch (Truncus Arteriosus---type II of Collett and Edwards or type A2 of Van Praagh). ![Pulmonary artery size in mouse fetuses.\ Distribution of pulmonary arteries measurements in WT, *Tbx1*^+/-^, and *Tbx1*^-/-^ fetuses at E18.5. n.s.: not significant; \*\*: P value \< 0.005, Mann-Whitney test. The data source used to generate this graph is in the Supporting Information [Table 1](#pone.0211170.t001){ref-type="table"}.](pone.0211170.g001){#pone.0211170.g001} Tbx1-expressing cells contribute to structural components of the pulmonary arteries {#sec012} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To provide insights as to how *Tbx1* may affect the development of the PAs, we looked into the expression of the gene. To do this. we used genetic marking of *Tbx1*-expressing cells and their descendants in *Tbx1*^*cre*/+^; *Rosa*^*mT*/mG^ embryos in which these cells are marked by membrane-bound green fluorescent protein (GFP). At E10.5, the PAs connect the aortic sac (through the proximal end of the 6th pharyngeal arch arteries) to the lung buds. GFP+ cells were observed in the mesoderm adjacent to the arteries, in the adjacent dorsal pericardial wall, and in the inner, endothelial layer of the arteries ([Fig 2](#pone.0211170.g002){ref-type="fig"}). In the mature PAs at E18.5, the distribution of GFP+ cells were observed in the endothelial layer and in the outer mesenchymal tissue adjacent to the arteries ([Fig 3](#pone.0211170.g003){ref-type="fig"}). We did not observe contribution of GFP+ cells in the smooth muscle layer of the arteries, in contrast to the pulmonary trunk. ![*Tbx1* expression in mouse embryos.\ Transverse section of a E10.5 *Tbx1*^*cre*/+^; *Rosa*^*mT*/mG^ embryos immunostained with an anti GFP antibody (green). GFP positivity indicate cells that have expressed Cre recombinase. A, B, and C refer to 3 adjacent sections (cranial -\> caudal) that span the junction between the 6th pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) and the putative pulmonary arteries (PAs). PP: pharyngeal pouches; DPW: dorsal pericardial wall. Scale bar is 100 micrometers.](pone.0211170.g002){#pone.0211170.g002} ![Distribution of Tbx1-expressing cells and their descendants in mouse fetuses.\ A.B: Whole mount fluorescent photographs of the outflow region of a E18.5 *Tbx1*^*cre*/+^; *Rosa*^*mT*/mG^ fetus. A: external appearance. B: internal optical plane. Note the heavy contribution of GFP+ cells to the pulmonary myocardium, pulmonary trunk (PT) and pulmonary valves, but superficial contribution (endothelial and adventitial) to other great vessels, including the ductus arteriosus (DA). which appears to have a more dense endothelial contribution. aAo: ascending aorta. C: immunofluorescence of a transverse section of a E18.5 *Tbx1*^*cre*/+^; *Rosa*^*mT*/mG^. Anti GFP staining is shown in green, anti PECAM1 staining (endothelial-specific) is shown in red. DAPI staining (cell nuclei) is shown in blu. C\'-C\'\': green and red channels are shown separately. aAo: ascending aorta; PT: pulmonary trunk and pulmonary leaflets; LPA, RPA: left and right pulmonary arteries. Scale bar is 50 micrometers in A and B, 100 micrometers in C-C\".](pone.0211170.g003){#pone.0211170.g003} Discussion {#sec013} ========== The junction between LPA and DA is a crucial segment for the cardiovascular development and it is frequently affected in patients with conotruncal anomalies \[[@pone.0211170.ref029]--[@pone.0211170.ref032]\]. Also in healthy people a smaller diameters of the LPA was reported in comparison with the RPA. Moreover, malformations of the pulmonary arteries, in particular of the left, including stenosis, diffuse hypoplasia, discontinuity or crossing, are not unusual in children with 22q11.2DS with or without conotruncal defects \[[@pone.0211170.ref033], [@pone.0211170.ref034], [@pone.0211170.ref003], [@pone.0211170.ref035], [@pone.0211170.ref036], [@pone.0211170.ref025], [@pone.0211170.ref024], [@pone.0211170.ref037]\]. The detailed morphogenesis of the pulmonary arteries is not definitively ascertained. However, recent studies on mouse and human embryos contribute to better clarify this difficult topic \[[@pone.0211170.ref038], [@pone.0211170.ref039]\]. According to recent data, while on the right side the VI pharyngeal arch artery disappears, on the left side it is formed by a ventral bud from the aortic sac and by a dorsal bud from the dorsal aorta. This ventral bud, with the contribution from the post-branchial pulmonary plexus, forms the LPA. The dorsal bud on the left side of the VI aortic arch forms the ductus arteriosus (DA), which is in continuity with the LPA. Our echocardiographic studies show that even in the absence of conotruncal defects, patients with 22q11.2DS have a smaller LPA compared to healthy subjects. Our data demonstrate that the LPA is smaller than the RPA in *Tbx1*^+/-^ fetuses but not in WT fetuses, indicating that *Tbx1* haploinsufficiency affects significantly the LPA size. Expression data indicate that structural components of the PAs (endothelium and adventitia) derive from *Tbx1*-expressing cells. This is also true for the DA, thus suggesting that Tbx1 is involved in the development or growth of this cardiovascular segment. Mouse data are in agreement with echocardiographic measurements on patients with 22q11.2DS. It is of interest to note that in mice *Tbx1* haploinsufficiency affects the IV but not the VI aortic arch artery development \[[@pone.0211170.ref019], [@pone.0211170.ref040]\], while in *Tbx1*^-/-^ embryos the VI does not develop \[[@pone.0211170.ref019]\]. The phenotype that we have described here suggest that a) the absence of the VI aortic arches does not have a dramatic impact on PAs development, and b) the reduced size of the LPA is probably not secondary to abnormalities of the VI aortic arch. The finding that *Tbx1*-expressing cells contribute to structural component of the PAs provides a support for a direct, though limited role of *Tbx1* in determining the size of the PAs. In the past, stenosis, diffuse hypoplasia or atresia of the proximal LPA was mainly ascribed to the extension of the ductal tissue into the LPA lumen. This pathogenetic mechanism known as "coarctation of the LPA" maintains its validity. However, our data suggest that molecular causes may influence the morphogenesis of this peculiar cardiovascular region, in particular the effect of *Tbx1* in this region may influence the morphology and dimensions of the LPA and its loss of function may cause some of its specific defects. The reduced dimensions of LPA observed in our patients could be considered a subclinical sign associated with 22q11.2DS. We suggest that in subjects with 22q11.2DS the junction between the DA and the LPA may be at risk of hypoplasia or additional anomalies and deserves specific diagnostic investigation, also in patients with conotruncal defects. Supporting information {#sec014} ====================== ###### Measurements used to generate the graph shown in [Fig 1](#pone.0211170.g001){ref-type="fig"}. (XLSX) ###### Click here for additional data file. We thank the Mouse Facility and the Microscopy Facility personnel of the Institute of Genetics and Biophysics for their support. [^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
2023-09-13T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1438
All the news that's fit to comment on. Except no one ever really comments. SO it's more like a monologue of slightly OCD mind. Wednesday, February 4, 2009 It started with a video game Lacey Proctor, a 20-year-old massage therapy student, "reported that she was assaulted tonight (Monday) by her former live-in boyfriend, Isac Pettinger. "Proctor said she became frustrated with Pettinger as he would not stop playing video games. Proctor said she stood in front of Pettinger, blocking his view of the screen. At that point Pettinger's video game character died and he became very angry."Wait...this guy has a message therapy student girl friend and he still has time to play computer games? I think I would punch him in the face if I was his best friend.
2023-10-11T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6344
Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Australia The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Australia is the Sri Lankan envoy to Australia. Countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations typically exchange High Commissioners, rather than Ambassadors. Though there are a few technical differences (for instance, whereas Ambassadors present their diplomatic credentials to the host country's head of state, High Commissioners are accredited to the head of government), they are in practice one and the same office. The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Australia is concurrently accredited as High Commissioner to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Fiji. High Commissioners The current High Commissioner is J. C. Weliamuna. Former High Commissioners include: Somasunadaran Skandakumar James Aubrey Martensz Major General Anton Muttukumaru General Deshamanya Denis Perera Neville Jansz Edwin Hurulle Elmo de J. Seneviratne H. K. J. R. Bandara K. Balapatabendi Wickrema Weerasooria General Cyril Ranatunga Major General Janaka Perera Admiral Thisara Samarasinghe Felix Dias Abeyesinghe Nissanka Wijesundera Senaka Walgampaya See also List of heads of missions from Sri Lanka References The Embassy of Sri Lanka Category:Australia and the Commonwealth of Nations * Category:Sri Lanka and the Commonwealth of Nations Sri Lanka Australia
2024-07-27T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5867
The airline’s decision to withdraw the particular option from the menu was taken following a review of the onboard products and services. (Source: REUTERS) Dubai-based air carrier Emirates is discontinuing the ‘Hindu meal’ option from its in-flight menu. The airline, in a statement, said Hindu passengers will still be able to choose between vegetarian and non-vegetarian options from a host of meals tailored to local tastes. Its updated menu now offers options like Vegetarian Jain Meal, Indian Vegetarian Meal, Kosher meal and Non-Beef non-vegetarian. The airline’s decision to withdraw the ‘Hindu meal’ option from the menu was taken following a review of its onboard products and services. “As part of our continuous review of the products and services available to customers, Emirates can confirm that it will discontinue the Hindu meal option. We constantly review our offering, taking into consideration customer uptake and feedback. This helps us improve service efficiencies,” the statement read. The meal options available in Emirates Airlines’ in-flight menu also cater to a number of health and dietary requirements of its passengers.
2024-02-27T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7655
Paititi is the most fascinating story of the inca mythology. According to the legend and the old chronicles, this immense city would be lost somewhere in the Peruvian Amazonian forest. For fifteen years, Thierry Jamin, French searcher and explorer, investigates the Amazonian jungle to drill the mystery of this lost city. His history begins by of enigmatic "pyramids" localized on satellite pictures at the end of the year on 1975… They are fifteen years of meetings with incredible characters. Fifteen years of confrontation with the animals of the jungle, the wrecks in dugout, the false roads and the real friends. After the extraordinary discoveries realized by his team in 2006, on the site of the petroglyphs of Pusharo, Thierry Jamin discovers in 2009 about ten unknown inca sites in the valley of Lacco, on the road of Paititi. Incredible ! Some of them are of the scale of Pisac or Choquequirao… Thierry Jamin and his companions are henceforth persuaded : the secret city of Paititi is not very far any more… “Paititi 2017”… a new departure! In spite of a current events very in charge of obliging us to realize important searches on the desert of south of Peru, all the team of the Institute Inkari - Cusco remains mobilized for the organization of the campaign "Païtiti 2017". The DIRAVPOL with “Paititi 2017” As you know, our team is ready. We have just confirmed, with the DIRAVPOL-PNP, the rent of a helicopter MI-17 of the National Police Force. But it stays the big point of the licence of the Ministry of the Environment (SERNANP) to allow us to enter our zone of search during a maximum period of 16 days. Thierry Jamin, soon in the editions of the Cherche Midi (Paris)... The last searches of Thierry Jamin and his group, on the tracks of the lost city of Paititi, will soon be published in France in the course of this year of 2017 in the editions of the Cherche midi (Paris)...
2024-01-13T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8119
Q: Jensen's inequality for quasiconvex functions The definition of a quasiconvex function $f$ is this: $$\text{All $\alpha$-sublevel sets $S_\alpha$ of $f$ are convex.}$$ The modified Jensen's inequality as it applies to quasiconvex functions is this: $$\forall \theta \in [0,\,1],\,\forall x,\,y \in \operatorname{dom}(f),\, f(\theta x + (1 - \theta) y) \leq \max\{f(x),\,f(y)\}$$ Is it possible to show that these statements are equivalent? If so, how? A: Call your properties (a) and (b). To show (a) $\implies$ (b), take any $x,y$, and define $\alpha = \max\{f(x), f(y)\}$. Since $x,y$ belong to the $\alpha$-sublevel set, also $(1-t)x+ty$ belongs to the $\alpha$-sublevel set, i.e., $$ f((1-t)x+ty) \leq \alpha = \max\{f(x), f(y)\}. $$ On the converse, if (b) is true, take any $x,y$ in a $\beta$-sublevel set, so that $f(x) \leq \beta$, $f(y) \leq \beta$. Then, for every $t \in [0,1]$, $$ f((1-t)x + ty) \leq \max\{f(x),f(y)\} \leq \beta, $$ i.e., $(1-t)x+ty$ belongs to the $\beta$-sublevel set.
2024-04-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7041
Loss of CRNN expression is associated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CRNN gene expression is downregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although its clinical implications in esophageal cancer remain unclear. We performed integrated microarray analysis and identified the CRNN gene as 1 of the major downregulated genes in ESCC. CRNN downregulation was validated at the nucleic acid level in 16 ESCC cases using complementary DNA microarray and at the protein level by immunohistochemical stains in an additional 220 ESCC cases. The clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic significance of CRNN expression in ESCC were explored. Downregulated CRNN expression was noted at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative and positive CRNN expression in 171 (77.7%) and 49 (22.3%) patients with ESCC, respectively. Patients with negative CRNN protein expression had an advanced tumor invasion depth (P = .002), advanced nodal involvement (P = .014), and longer tumor length (P = .037). Patients with negative CRNN expression (median survival, 14.0 months; 5-year survival rate, 20.5%) had poorer overall survival than those with positive expression (30.0 months and 40.3%, respectively; P = .006). On multivariate analysis, negative CRNN expression, nodal involvement, and distant metastasis remained significant prognostic factors for poor overall survival (negative vs positive CRNN, hazard ratio, 1.464; P = .047). Our analysis has highlighted the clinical implications of CRNN expression in ESCC. Loss of CRNN expression correlated with advanced tumor length, greater tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival in patients with ESCC.
2023-08-19T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7951
[Study of the lympho- and hemomicrocirculatory bed of lymph nodes by scanning electron microscopy]. The spatial interrelation of the lymphatic and blood beds has been studied in the lymph node together with its stromal and lymphoid elements, using scanning electron microscopy of corrosive casts and native preparations. There is a great variety of pathways for lymph transport and blood vessels in dependence of their localization in the lymph node. Of a special interest are the pathways of lymphocytes migration across the walls in the cortical and medullary sinuses and in the postcapillary venules, as well as participation of the reticular tissue in the lymph node immune reactions.
2023-10-13T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2105
154 Conn. 638 (1967) ANDREW C. PETERSEN, INC., ET AL. v. TOWN PLAN AND ZONING COMMISSION OF THE TOWN OF BLOOMFIELD Supreme Court of Connecticut. Argued December 13, 1966. Decided March 23, 1967. KING, C. J., ALCORN, HOUSE, COTTER and RYAN, JS. *639 Michael Grossmann, for the appellants (plaintiffs). Arnold W. Aronson, with whom, on the brief, was Lawrence C. Klaczak, for the appellee (defendant). RYAN, J. On July 15, 1965, upon application of some 100 residents and property owners, the defendant, the town plan and zoning commission of the town of Bloomfield, amended the zoning regulations by upgrading the zone applicable to a certain residential area, which lies south of Terry Plains Road *640 and west of Brown Street, from an R-20 zone to an R-30 zone. An R-20 zone requires 20,000 square feet per lot, with a minimum frontage of 125 feet, a 40-foot minimum front-yard depth, 20-foot minimum side yards, and a 25-foot minimum rear yard. The change to an R-30 zone increased the requirements to 30,000 square feet per lot, with a minimum frontage of 150 feet, a minimum front-yard depth of 50 feet, side yards of a minimum of 25 feet, and a 25-foot minimum rear yard. Bloomfield Zoning Regs., p. 17 (1965). The minimum area for the first floor of a dwelling which could be constructed on each lot was increased from 1250 to 1600 square feet for a one-story house, from 800 to 1000 square feet for a one and one-half story house, and from 700 to 800 square feet for a two-story dwelling. Id., p. 18. The area to the south and west of the land in question was already zoned R-30, and the change of zone in question would make the entire area enclosed by Brown Street and Terry Plains Road an R-30 zone. The plaintiffs, owners of a major portion of the land affected, have appealed to this court from a decision of the Court of Common Pleas which upheld the action of the commission. They claim that the commission acted illegally, arbitrarily and in abuse of its discretion in granting a change of zone for the following reasons: (1) The evidence presented at the hearing was insufficient to support the decision. (2) The reasons given by the commission for granting the change were inadequate and arbitrary. (3) No change in the conditions or character of the area was shown. The other assignments of error were not pursued in the plaintiffs' brief and must be assumed to have been abandoned. Pluhowsky v. New Haven, 151 Conn. 337, 345, 197 A.2d 645. *641 The commission gave the following reasons for the adoption of the change of zone: "(1) Except for this area, the land west of Maple Avenue and Brown Street is zoned R-30 and above. (2) The policy of the Town Plan & Zoning Commission established in the Comprehensive Plan submitted in 1961 was that this area should be zoned for larger lots, and this was re-emphasized at the public hearing in 1964 prior to the adoption of the Comprehensive Plan."[1] Upon receipt of the petition for a change of zone, the commission, of its own motion, included an additional area with that which was requested by the property owners to be considered at the hearing. This was done to avoid leaving a small island of R-20 land remaining. The area thus included was duly embraced in the notice of the hearing. At the public hearing there was evidence that for several years the commission had been considering certain zone changes as a result of recommendations made by a former consultant to the commission. The master plan proposed a dividing line for residential density at Maple Avenue and its extension, Brown Street and Tunxis Avenue. Everything west of this line was to be a lower density area and would include R-30, R-40 and R-80 zones. There was evidence that the proposed change of zone would bring the area in question into conformity with adjacent properties to the north, west and south. There was testimony at the hearing that the change suggested would be beneficial to the town and would protect some of its undeveloped areas suitable for residential use. *642 Section 8-2 of the General Statutes provides, in part, as follows: "Such regulations shall be made in accordance with a comprehensive plan and shall be designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to secure safety from fire, panic, flood and other dangers; to promote health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of population and to facilitate the adequate provision for transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks and other public requirements. Such regulations shall be made with reasonable consideration as to the character of the district ... and with a view to ... encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout such municipality." The reasons assigned by the commission for its action are to be examined in the light of the requirements of the statutes. There is nothing in the record to indicate that the commission acted illegally, arbitrarily or in abuse of its discretion. The upgrading of a zone in an undeveloped residential area, such as this, is a type of regulation generally upheld. Young v. Town Planning & Zoning Commission, 151 Conn. 235, 245, 196 A.2d 427; Senior v. Zoning Commission, 146 Conn. 531, 534, 153 A.2d 415, appeal dismissed, 363 U.S. 143, 80 S. Ct. 1083, 4 L. Ed. 2d 1145; Demars v. Zoning Commission, 142 Conn. 580, 583, 115 A.2d 653. "The modification of zone boundaries and regulations by a zoning commission partakes of the nature of legislative proceedings. The circumstances and conditions concerning zone changes are peculiarly within the knowledge of the zoning commission." Metropolitan Homes, Inc. v. Town Plan & Zoning Commission, 152 Conn. 7, 10, 202 A.2d 241. The change of zone was made in accordance with the comprehensive plan. "Courts *643 do not substitute their own judgment for that of the commission so long as honest judgment has been reasonably and fairly exercised after a full hearing. Cameo Park Homes, Inc. v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 150 Conn. 672, 677, 192 A.2d 886." Young v. Town Planning & Zoning Commission, supra. The final claim of the plaintiffs is that the action of the commission was illegal because there was no change in the conditions and character of the area. We have said that ordinarily a zone classification should not be changed unless some new condition has arisen which substantially alters the character of the area. Vece v. Zoning & Planning Commission, 148 Conn. 500, 503, 504, 172 A.2d 619. "By this statement we do not intend to place the legislative body of a municipality in a straitjacket. The commission, in changing the zone, acted as a legislative body, and such a body ought to be free to amend its enactments when, for example, the purpose is to invoke or modify provisions which time and experience have demonstrated to be unwise or in need of change. Winslow v. Zoning Board, 143 Conn. 381, 390, 122 A.2d 789." Metropolitan Homes, Inc. v. Town Plan & Zoning Commission, supra, 11. The reasons for the change of zone given by the commission are valid and are fully supported by the record. The conclusion of the trial court that the plaintiffs failed to sustain their burden of showing that the action of the commission was illegal, arbitrary and in abuse of its discretion cannot be disturbed. There is no error. In this opinion the other judges concurred. NOTES [1] Technically, the plan referred to is the master plan rather than the comprehensive plan. See Mott's Realty Corporation v. Town Plan & Zoning Commission, 152 Conn. 535, 538, 209 A.2d 179.
2024-06-08T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2883
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe I wanted to do something on this but my draft takes were getting too long even for me to stand. Tyler Cowen rescues me by providing the proper foil. The core issue is that interests are still high in Spain, Portugal, Greece, etc even as the ECB base rates and consumer rates fall in France and Germany. Tyler's take Would the new helicopter drop money be kept in periphery banks and lent out to stimulate business investment? Or does the new money flee say Portugal because Portuguese banks are not safe enough, Portuguese loans are not lucrative and safe enough, and Portuguese mattresses are too cumbersome? The former scenario implies that monetary policy should be potent. The latter scenario implies that the helicopter drop will be for naught and the fiscal policy multiplier also will be low, on the upside at the very least (fiscal cuts still might cause a lot of damage on the downside). I call this the liquidity leak, rather than the liquidity trap. To stake out a simplistic but perhaps more concise position than my true one, I say this. What Tyler calls a liquidity leak, I call markets at work. The ECB provides enough stimulus to get all of the Eurozone going but it all leaks to Germany. Fine. The German market heats up. German wages and rents rise. Retired German doctors start considering the virtues of a flat in Lisbon overlooking the harbor. German consultancies hold seminars on "How to make your Mediterranean town competitive in the new German Outsourcing Model." This is the way things are supposed to work. The idea that a more competitive and efficient Germany should not command higher wages and rents is bizarre; and is only called inflation because the Eurozone, in its heart-of-hearts, doesn't actually believe its one monetary union where the richer parts are distinguished principally by the fact that they have more money.
2024-01-03T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2601
Q: Angular For Each Loop Behaviour I have a JSON File which has details about some books: JSON File (I've pasted it just to show the parameters): { "books": [{ "bookId":101,"bookTitle":"Angular JS","topic":"Angular JS", "author":"Green", "cost":375, "imgUrl":"images/AngularJS1.JPG", "issued":true }, { "bookId":102, "bookTitle":"Instant Angular JS Starter", "topic":"Angular JS", "author":"Dan Menard", "cost":150, "imgUrl":"images/AngularJS2.JPG", "issued":true }, { "bookId":103, "bookTitle":"Ng-Book:The Complete Book on Angular JS", "topic":"Angular JS", "author":"Ari Lerner", "cost":4657, "imgUrl":"images/AngularJS3.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":104, "bookTitle":"Developing BackbonJS Applications", "topic":"Backbone JS", "author":"Addy Osmani", "cost":650, "imgUrl":"images/BackboneJS1.JPG", "issued":true }, { "bookId":105, "bookTitle":"Backbone.js Patterns and Best Practices", "topic":"Backbone JS", "author":"Swarnendu De", "cost":390, "imgUrl":"images/BackboneJS2.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":106, "bookTitle":"Backbone.js Cookbook", "topic":"Backbone JS", "author":"Vadim Mirgorod", "cost":240, "imgUrl":"images/BackboneJS3.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":107, "bookTitle":"Ember.js in Action", "topic":"Ember JS", "author":"Joachim Haagen Skeie", "cost":2500, "imgUrl":"images/EmberJS1.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":108, "bookTitle":"Mastering Ember.js", "topic":"EmberJS", "author":"Mitchel Kelonye", "cost":3500, "imgUrl":"images/EmberJS2.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":109, "bookTitle":"Developing an Ember JS Edge", "topic":"EmberJS", "author":"Jamie White and Matthew Beale", "cost":2000, "imgUrl":"images/EmberJS3.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":110, "bookTitle":"Node.js in Action", "topic":"NodeJS", "author":"Mike Cantelon and Marc Harter", "cost":800, "imgUrl":"images/NodeJS1.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":111, "bookTitle":"Node.js the Right Way", "topic":"NodeJS", "author":"Jim R. Wilson", "cost":1200, "imgUrl":"images/NodeJS2.JPG", "issued":false }, { "bookId":112, "bookTitle":"Pro Node.js for Developers", "topic":"NodeJS", "author":"Colin Ihrig", "cost":2800, "imgUrl":"images/NodeJS3.JPG", "issued":false }] } I'm accessing this JSON file using $http service of Angular JS in a controller. I finally display the details in an HTML, I want to add a currency symbol using my own custom filter, below is the code. HTML Code: <table> <tr class="LoginFormDiv" ng-repeat="iterator in variable|orderBy:sort |filter:mySearch|addRupeeSymbol"> <td>{{$index+1}}</td> <td> <img src="{{iterator.imgUrl}}"/> </td> <td> <table> <tr> <td>Book Id:</td><td>{{iterator.bookId}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Book Title:</td><td>{{iterator.bookTitle}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Book Topic:</td><td>{{iterator.topic}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Book Author:</td><td>{{iterator.author}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Book Cost:</td><td>{{iterator.cost}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Issued</td><td>{{iterator.issued}}</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <button ng-disabled="iterator.issued == true" ng-click="issueBook(iterator.bookId)"> Issue </button> <button ng-disabled="iterator.issued == false" ng-click="returnBook(iterator.bookId)"> Return </button> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> The "addRupeeSymbol" is my custom filter. Custom Filter: var myFilter = angular.module('myFilter', []); myFilter.filter('addRupeeSymbol', function() { return function(input) { var costWithRupeeSymbol = []; angular.forEach(input, function(value, index) { value.cost = "Rs." + value.cost; costWithRupeeSymbol.push(value); }); return costWithRupeeSymbol; } }); When the code is executed I get the output as RsRsRsRsRsRsRsRsRsRsRs375, why is this happening I'm unable to understand how this for loop is behaving here. Please explain. A: There are two types of filters: array filter and value filter. You use array filter when work with ng-repeat for example (ng-repeat="item in someArray | myFilter"). In this case myFilter get as parameter the whole array, and your myFilter function works as expected. On the other hand value filter get as parameter only that value. So, you can change value (set format to it), but you don't have access to all array values. The point is, you should create value filter for formatting: var myFilter = angular.module('myFilter',[]); myFilter.filter('addRupeeSymbol', function(){ return function(input) { return 'Rs.' + input; } UPD What is reason that the loop is running more than 12 times? Digest cycle run every time when some value has changed. You changed array in the filter procedure value.cost = "Rs." + value.cost; And it fires digest event. If you add line console.log('filter run'); on top of the filter procedure, you'll see than this code runs 11 times before fails. filter('addRupeeSymbol', function() { return function(input) { console.log('filter run'); var costWithRupeeSymbol = []; angular.forEach(input, function(value, index) { value.cost = "Rs." + value.cost; costWithRupeeSymbol.push(value); }); return costWithRupeeSymbol; } }) And that is infinite loop. If you comment line where value.cost is changing, then message "filter run" occurred only 2 times (one for initialization and one for actual running) filter('addRupeeSymbol', function() { return function(input) { console.log('filter run'); var costWithRupeeSymbol = []; angular.forEach(input, function(value, index) { // value.cost = "Rs." + value.cost; costWithRupeeSymbol.push(value); }); return costWithRupeeSymbol; } }) I can't really think of a good example, you just have to make no changes to array in your filter. More on digest at docs.
2024-06-15T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2946
983 F.2d 1047 Wrennv.Derwinski NO. 92-6103 United States Court of Appeals,Second Circuit. Nov 05, 1992 1 Appeal From: N.D.N.Y. 2 AFFIRMED.
2024-02-03T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9328
Changes in brainstem and cortical auditory potentials during Qi-Gong meditation. "Qi Gong" (QG) is a meditation exercise known for thousands of years in China and has always been widely practiced. It has been claimed to have a variety of healing and other health benefits. To provide an understanding of the effect of QG on brain structures along the whole neural axis from the periphery to the cerebral cortex, we have monitored short-latency auditory brainstem evoked response, middle-latency response, and long-latency cortical auditory evoked potentials, before, during, and after QG. Our results showed that QG caused an enhancement of brainstem auditory evoked response with a concomitant depression of cortical responses. These observations may be related to the healing and other health benefits of QG.
2024-05-21T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7240
Q: Restrict access to parent directories in PHP I have seen from other questions that I can set open_basedir to restrict access to parent folders. However, I decided to do a bit of experimenting to find out what I could do. First test was to see if I could manually set open_basedir using the ini_set function. Thankfully, it appears that this function can set a more restrictive basedir, but it cannot be used to lessen the restriction. That's all good. However my next test was somewhat disturbing: ini_set("open_basedir","/path/to/desired/root/limited"); echo file_get_contents("/some/outsite/file.txt"); // error: basedir restriction echo `cat /some/outside/file.txt`; // outputs the file I can't seem to find any way to restrict shell access to stuff. So I guess my real question is, what can I do to ensure that parent folders are safe? Clearly, open_basedir doesn't cut it. A: open_basedir generally doesn't restrict backdoor access like that. There was a "safe_mode" in PHP which prevented such calls like system() and exec(). Full list here: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.safe-mode.functions.php But that's been deprecated as of PHP 5.3 because there are many ways around it. You could use suPHP and chroot, as suggested by another StackOverflow answer: PHP safemode alternative "A better approach is use suphp to run your application as a jailed user. This uses the security of the operating system to protect your application. You run your php code as an account that doesn't have access to a shell. You remove write privileges from everything owned by that user chmod 500 -R /. Or go a step further and run your application within a chroot." Useful links: http://www.suphp.org/Home.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot http://www.fuschlberger.net/programs/ssh-scp-sftp-chroot-jail/make_chroot_jail.sh
2024-04-20T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7880
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name='viewport' content='initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=3.0'/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <p>CrashReporter determined that the listed library was most likely responsible, partly or completely, for this crash.</p> <p>Note the use of the term "suspect". CrashReporter's detection is not perfect, and it may be that this library - and its author - is innocent. Please keep that in mind when contacting the author.</p> </body> </html>
2023-08-29T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8897
A large marijuana cultivation operation was discovered in Antioch on Monday. By Sergeant Morefield, Antioch Police Investigations Bureau On Monday, January 13, 2014 at approximately 9:08 PM, Contra Costa Firefighters (Confire) responded to a residence in the 4500 block of Hidden Glen Drive on a report of a house fire. They arrived to find an electrical box and inside wall of the home on fire, which they were able to quickly extinguish. No one was home at the residence; however, evidence of marijuana cultivation was found inside. Antioch Police Department patrol officers responded to the location with Confire and were able to confirm a large scale marijuana cultivation operation. Investigators were called in and ultimately seized approximately 960 marijuana plants from the home along with marijuana cultivation equipment. The case is still being investigated by the Antioch Police Department’s Special Operations Unit. Anyone with information regarding this case is encouraged to call Detective Koch with the Antioch Police Department at (925)779-6895. You may also text a tip to 274637 (CRIMES) using key word ANTIOCH.
2024-06-24T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/3564
Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard released the following statement upon her return: Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard Returns From Syria with Renewed Calls: End Regime Change War in Syria Now. US gov must #StopArmingTerrorists & end our policy of arming & supporting those working with Al Qaeda & ISIS. The people of Syria are crying for peace, asking the US to stop arming terrorist “rebels” who are destroying Syria. “My visit to Syria has made it abundantly clear: Our counterproductive regime change war does not serve America’s interest, and it certainly isn’t in the interest of the Syrian people. “As I visited with people from across the country, and heard heartbreaking stories of how this war has devastated their lives, I was asked, ‘Why is the United States and its allies helping al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups try to take over Syria? Syria did not attack the United States. Al-Qaeda did.’ I had no answer. “I return to Washington, DC with even greater resolve to end our illegal war to overthrow the Syrian government. I call upon Congress and the new Administration to answer the pleas of the Syrian people immediately and support the Stop Arming Terrorists Act. We must stop directly and indirectly supporting terrorists—directly by providing weapons, training and logistical support to rebel groups affiliated with al-Qaeda and ISIS; and indirectly through Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States, and Turkey, who, in turn, support these terrorist groups. We must end our war to overthrow the Syrian government and focus our attention on defeating al-Qaeda and ISIS. “From Iraq to Libya and now in Syria, the U.S. has waged wars of regime change, each resulting in unimaginable suffering, devastating loss of life, and the strengthening of groups like al-Qaeda and ISIS. “Originally, I had no intention of meeting with Assad, but when given the opportunity, I felt it was important to take it. I think we should be ready to meet with anyone if there’s a chance it can help bring about an end to this war, which is causing the Syrian people so much suffering. “The U.S. must stop supporting terrorists who are destroying Syria and her people. The U.S. and other countries fueling this war must stop immediately. We must allow the Syrian people to try to recover from this terrible war.” Tulsi Gabbard (–Novorossia Today) Background: Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (HI-02) is a twice-deployed combat veteran who has served as the United States Representative for Hawaiʻi’s 2nd congressional district since 2013. As a member of the House Armed Services and Foreign Affairs Committees, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard traveled to Lebanon and Syria as part of a delegation led and sponsored by the Arab American Community Center for Economic and Social Services (AACCESS)–Ohio. The 7-day trip was approved by the House Ethics Committee, as required by House rules, and was not taxpayer funded. The trip included visits to Aleppo, Damascus, and Beirut from January 14-22, 2017. Other members of the delegation included former Congressman and Presidential candidate Dennis Kucinich and his wife, longtime peace advocates Elie and Bassam Khawam, and Rep. Tulsi Gabbard’s husband, Abraham Williams. Earlier this year, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard introduced the Stop Arming Terrorists Act (H.R.608), legislation that would prohibit U.S. government funds from being used to support al-Qaeda, ISIS or other terrorist groups. In the same way that Congress passed the Boland Amendment to prohibit the funding and support to CIA backed-Nicaraguan Contras during the 1980’s, this bill would stop CIA or other Federal government activities in places like Syria by ensuring U.S. funds are not used to support al-Qaeda, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, ISIS, or other terrorist groups working with them. It would also prohibit the Federal government from funding assistance to countries that are directly or indirectly supporting those terrorist groups. The bill achieves this by: Making it illegal for any U.S. Federal government funds to be used to provide assistance covered in this bill to terrorists. The assistance covered includes weapons, munitions, weapons platforms, intelligence, logistics, training, and cash. Making it illegal for the U.S. government to provide assistance covered in the bill to any nation that has given or continues to give such assistance to terrorists. Requiring the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to determine the individual and groups that should be considered terrorists, for the purposes of this bill, by determining: (a) the individuals and groups that are associated with, affiliated with, adherents to or cooperating with al-Qaeda, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, or ISIS; (b) the countries that are providing assistance covered in this bill to those individuals or groups. Requiring the DNI to review and update the list of countries and groups to which assistance is prohibited every six months, in consultation with the House Foreign Affairs and Armed Services Committees, as well as the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Requiring the DNI to brief Congress on the determinations. Gabbard on Syria (Wikipedia): In 2013 Gabbard opposed the Obama administration’s proposed military strikes in Syria, arguing that intervention in Syria would go against America’s national security, international credibility, economic interest, and moral center. Gabbard was one of three members of Congress to vote against House resolution 121, a condemnation of the government of Syria and “other parties to the conflict” for war crimes and crimes against humanity, explaining that “this is a War Bill—a thinly veiled attempt to use the rationale of ‘humanitarianism’ as a justification for overthrowing the Syrian government”. She later introduced legislation to block U.S. military action against Syria. Gabbard has rejected suggestions for the creation of a no-fly zone in Syria, stating that such a move would risk confrontation with Russia. In November 2016 she met with United States president-elect Donald Trump to enlist his support to stop the United States’ “illegal war to overthrow the Syrian government”. On December 8, 2016, Gabbard introduced the Stop Arming Terrorists Act to prevent the U.S. government from sponsoring international terrorist groups through funding and the provision of armaments, intelligence, and training. The act was modeled on the Boland Amendment and was endorsed by the Progressive Democrats of America and the U.S. Peace Council. In January 2017, Gabbard made media headlines with a secret “fact finding” mission to Damascus, meeting diverse civil society groups as well as government officials. News from Novorossiya News from Novorossiya Quemado institute Syria Page How Did the Syrian Kurds Get Soviet Arms? - By Sophie Mangal - February 16, 2018 - A video showing Nour al-Din al-Zenki militants hijacking a tanker and a truck with smuggled arms and weapons ... CLICK TO READ MORE>> Quemado Institute Syria Page US supports Kurds in Syria: Turks react - By Mehmet Ersoy - January 27, 2018 - The Operation Olive Branch in northern Syria started five days ago. Five days ago the Afrin region became a possible hotbed of a full-scale . . . CLICK TO READ MORE>> News from Novorossiya The Silent War in the Donbas - Frontline Accounts of Volunteers Fighting in the Trenches - VIDEO by Vesti News - December 23, 2017 Meta Blogroll Censorship Looms Over European Union Quemado Institute editor Karl Pomeroy received a legal threat today in response to a comment he posted on the Russia Insider website about the rise of the R********d banking family. The comment did not mention race, but was of historical content. The threatener accused Karl of “spreading Nazi propaganda,” then repeated the full text of the German Criminal Code Section 130, which outlaws inciting “hatred against a national, racial, religious group or a group defined by their ethnic origins,” which Karl’s comment did not do. A similar law, it was claimed, is now in force in 11 other European countries and carries a penalty of up to five years. The wording of the law is so vague, it could be applied to any criticism of those in power. If a political analyst can accidentally “violate” this totalitarian decree, there is no freedom of speech or press in Europe.
2024-07-17T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9116
Q: Facebook like box margins do not center I'd like to think that I an intermediate when it comes to HTML and CSS but this is a huge problem I haven't been able to resolve. I am building a website for a business and I can't seem to center the facebook social media plugin "like Box" here is my html: <!doctype html> <html xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../c9c.css"> <!-- TemplateBeginEditable name="doctitle" --> <title>Cloud 9 CrossFit - Home</title> <!-- TemplateEndEditable --> <!-- TemplateBeginEditable name="head" --> <!-- TemplateEndEditable --> </head> <body> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1&appId=141894429309879"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-40292409-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <nav> <li><a href="../index.html">C9C</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/about_us.html">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/schedule.html">Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/membership.html">Membership</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/wod.html">WOD</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/media.html">Media</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/links.html">Links</a></li> <li><a href="../pages/contactus.html">Contact</a></li> </nav> <!-- TemplateBeginEditable name="EditRegion1" --> <div id="container"> <div id="img"><img src="../img/image place holder.jpg" alt="" name="imgmain" width="983" height="435" id="imgmain"></div> <div class="fb-like-box" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/Cloud9CrossFit" data-width="973" data-height="510" data-show-faces="true" data-stream="true" data-header="false"></div> <div class="quickboxes"> <div id="box1"><a href="http://www.crossfit.com" target="_blank"><img src="../img/Crossfit.png" width="960" id="img1" longdesc="http://www.navyreserve.navy.mil/Pages/default.aspx"></a></div> <div id="box2"><a href="http://www.roguefitness.com" target="_blank"><img src="../img/Rogue logo" alt="rogue fitness" width="940" id="img2" ></a></div> <div id="box3"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Cloud9CrossFit" target="_blank"><img src="../img/facebook logo.png" alt="facebook" width="73" id="img3"></a></div> </div> </div> <!-- TemplateEndEditable --> <footer>footer stuff | sitemap | etc | © 2013 Cloud 9 CrossFit</footer> </body> </html> The CSS: /* CSS Document */ body { font: Calibri; background-color: #EFEFEF; width: 1120px; height: auto; margin: auto; background-image:url(img/Name%20sideways.png); background-position:0px 20px; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-attachment:fixed; } #fb-root { display: none; } nav { margin: 20px auto; list-style: none; font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight:550; letter-spacing: -0.5px; font-size: 13px; text-shadow: 0 -1px 3px ##E9E8E9; width: 974px; height: 30px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 3px 3px #cecece; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 3px 3px #cecece; box-shadow: 0 3px 4px #8b8b8b; text-align: center; -webkit-animation: showMenu 1s; position: relative; color: white; } nav li { display: block; float: left; border-right: 1px solid #999; border-left: 1px solid #E9E8E9; width: 120px; height: 30px; border-bottom: 1px solid #D5D5D5; border-top: 1px solid ##F5F5F5; background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #999999 23%, #CFCDCF 57%, #F5F5F5 89%); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #999999 23%, #CFCDCF 57%, #F5F5F5 89%); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #999999 23%, #CFCDCF 57%, #F5F5F5 89%); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #999999 23%, #CFCDCF 57%, #F5F5F5 89%); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #999999 23%, #CFCDCF 57%, #F5F5F5 89%); background-image: -webkit-gradient( linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.23, #999999), color-stop(0.57, #CFCDCF), color-stop(0.89, #F5F5F5) ); background-color: #5f5f5f; /* Fallback */ margin:0 auto; } nav li:hover { background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #696869 23%, #8F8F8F 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #696869 23%, #8F8F8F 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #696869 23%, #8F8F8F 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #696869 23%, #8F8F8F 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #696869 23%, #8F8F8F 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -webkit-gradient( linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.23, #696869), color-stop(0.57, #8F8F8F), color-stop(0.89, #C7C7C7) ); background-color: #383838; /* Fallback */ -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px 2px #666; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px 2px #666; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px 2px #666; } nav li:active { background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #262626 23%, #525052 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #262626 23%, #525052 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #262626 23%, #525052 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #262626 23%, #525052 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #262626 23%, #525052 57%, #C7C7C7 89%); background-image: -webkit-gradient( linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.23, #262626), color-stop(0.57, #525052), color-stop(0.89, #C7C7C7) ); background-color: #383838; /* Fallback */ -moz-box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 5px 5px #31304A; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 5px 5px #31304A; box-shadow: inset 0 0 5px 5px #31304A; } nav li a { color: black; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; display: block; line-height: 30px; outline: none; } nav li:first-child { -moz-border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px; border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px; border-left: none; } nav li:first-child a img { vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -2px; } nav li:last-child { -moz-border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0; border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0; border-right: none; } /* Fade in animation (Webkit only) */ @-webkit-keyframes showMenu { from { opacity: 0; top:-20px; } to { opacity: 1; } #container { width: 980px; height:auto; margin:auto; } #img { width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } #imgmain { display: block; border-radius: 8px; opacity: 0.8; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px #999; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px #999; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px #999; } .fb-like-box { display: block; width: 980px; height: auto; text-align: center; margin: 15px auto; } .quickboxes { width: 974px; margin: 0 auto; } #box1, #box2, #box3 { width: 33%; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; margin: 15px auto; text-align: center; } #img1, #img2 { width: 60%; margin: 5px auto; } footer { height:18px; width: 974px; margin: 5px auto; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: center; border-top: thin #999 solid; border-bottom: thin #999 solid; } The problem is that while the image and link boxes are centered, the Facebook like box will not center. I don't want to absolute position because if the user changes the window size it get's distorted. I know this is a margin issue. But I'm not sure why. This is simple CSS stuff so why does it fail to work properly? I was able to fix it by adding padding-left: 70px; A: Hi a slight modification of Stefan's answer did the trick for me: div.fb-like { width: 100% !important; position: relative; text-align:center !important; } <div class="fb-like disp_fb_like" data-send="false" data-layout="box_count" data-width="90" data-show-faces="false" data-action="recommend"></div>
2023-09-13T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1275
Do you guys remember the tool from this post? Well, I got some advice as to how to get rid of the rust on it from a reddit reader (/u/TotaLibertarian) using an uncommon (and when I say that I mean totally common) substance. It is suffice to say that my curiosity was piqued. I did some investerating and research. I combed over blogs and forums. I wiki’d and googled until my eyes were crossed. Then I experimented. First I sanded all the rust….   …. Both off the knife and also on a pair of root cutters.   Knife above, cutters below.  The rust on the cutters wasn’t too bad, it just kept coming back no matter how much I oiled it.   Next, the chemical….   After making a salad (with a little oil, salt and pepper) I put the two tools into a glass container (glass is important, so you don’t have any reactions with a metal container) and soaked them in straight vinegar for 36 hours. What TotaLibertarian told me to use, which was not vinegar, has vinegar as an ingredient. But it’s not vinegar, per se, that is the desired chemical. It’s an acid that I needed. Let me start at the beginning (and you thought I had done that already) and give you an idea of what I am doing. First, go to your set of bonsai tools (not the stainless ones) and look at them. Notice the color: kind of a black color (except at the sharpened edge). We should all be aware that steel, or, more precisely, carbon steel, is generally silver in color. The problem with carbon steel is that it has a tendency to interact with oxygen molecules in the air and combine to form what is called…rust. We shall call it “red rust”, for reasons that I’ll explain in just a second. There is another kind of rust that can affect carbon steel. It can be called “black rust” because it turns the silver carbon steel, well, black….ish. Sometimes it’s darker than other times (like my soul…..). The acid combines with the steel in a similar way that oxygen does and could eat away at the steel the same way that red rust does. But you remove the corrosive chemical when you’ve achieved the desired effect and you end up with blackish steel. And the neat thing is, this coating prevents oxygen from getting to the clean steel and making red rust. Mostly. This process here has a few names: bluing (in a professional capacity, like on a gun barrel), forced patina, poor mans rust preventative, experimental, blog subject process (I made that last up just now). In industrial situations they can use, depending on how much money they want to spend, about 15 different chemicals and about the same amount of processes to achieve the bluing (how it went from being called black rust to blue I don’t know). They also use different temperatures, depending on the chemical used. Since I’m a poor man, I shall use the chemical that is sitting on top of my refrigerator: vinegar. When a poor man does this to steel, they (of the ubiquitous kind) call it: forced patina. Patina sounds better than black rust I suppose. The simplest way to force a patina is to use an old chefs trick; say you have a hundred dollar, high quality and high carbon steel paring knife. Take a potato, stab the potato, and leave the knife stabbed in the potato overnight. You’ll get a nice charcoal colored patina the next day, and the resultant red rust protection. Some chefs will cut some lemons (or onions) and not clean their knife until the next day and get the same darkening. It’s like science or something. I decided to use vinegar because, like I said, it was sitting on my fridge, and I wanted to watch what was happening. I like to watch…..   Can you see the bubbling?   I left the cutters in for the full 36 hours. The knife was only in for about 12 I think. I had other plans for it. Wearing a “size-too-small” vinyl glove, I removed the cutters and wiped off the excess rust.    You can see the dull color above. Below, the handle on the left has been wiped.   Then I washed it with dish soap and used some acetone to dry the water.   Not too bad, right? I’m not done yet. The last step is to oil the tool to fix the patina and make it all glossy.  A wet, oiled-up tool looks so much sexier, right? Here’s a comparison, an old knob cutter that’s almost at the end of its life and my newly patina-ed root cutter.     Don’t worry, I treated the old knob cutter as well later. These root cutters came out nice, right? There’s nothing like having a freshly oiled, 11 inch tool in your hand.   Makes you proud to be a man. Anyway, back to the knife. I wasn’t very happy with how light the patina came out on it, so I decided to use what TotaLibertarian originally said to use (before I got all clever and everything). He said to coat it in mustard. Yep, mustard.   That’s my son Logan filling in as hand model. Look how dirty his hands are, I’m so proud. I had to wash off the bottle after I was done with the photoshoot. I only took 15 pics to get the right lighting and angle. He was not pleased.   Go to the top of the blog, all the way to the title, read it. Tiger stripes. Oh yeah buddy! Knife, patina forced, not very sexy.  Paint brush, mustard.  Some artistic brush strokes.  And, after only about four hours, and some scrubbing (mustard dries hard).  Cool! Way cool! Now, it’s important to oil your steel after these processes. It stops the corrosion and fixes the patina. And it keeps water off. This process makes the steel resistant to rust, but if you get water on it, it will still rust. Water is the great equalizer: it wears down mountains, breaks levees, finds its way into any crack or crevice in a roof. Frozen water once covered 2/3rds of the world during the ice ages, grinding the land flat and scouring the soil away. And i,t too, has oxygen (that’s the “o” in “h2o”) and will cause the dreaded red rust we’ve been fighting the whe blog post, like some creeping virus infecting the world, causing the zombie apocalypse and ending civilization as we know it.  And, after all your hard work, don’t forget and leave a tool out in the rain.   That’s the knob cutter I had treated. And before you say, “It was the cheap vinegar you used and your incompetence that caused the rust” This is a “professional ” bluing job on a Japanese tool, left in the rain at the same time:   It’s almost like I was testing them or something. I also experimented with boiling the vinegar on some other tools and got a somewhat darker patina. There are all these little tricks, different chemicals, different temps you can use to achieve the desired look. Play around with it. I had fun fooling around with the tools, annoying my family with the vinegar and mustard smells, especially when I was boiling it, and it gave me something to do while it was raining. And just so I don’t get sued: use plenty of ventilation if you choose to boil your vinegar. Tools can be sharp, don’t cut yourself. And vinegar in a wound is not pleasant, or in your eyeball either, don’t say I didn’t warn you. And, one last bit of advice: Oil your tool before you use it, it’ll be a lot more pleasant experience.  
2023-09-04T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4382
Q: How to use Telerik ORM Reverse Mapping woth SQL Compact 4.0? I was using Telerik ORM in Reverse Mapping Mode using SQL Server Compact 3.5. I upgraded the database to SQL Compact 4.0 and the reverse mapping started giving errors. So i tried to recreate Reverse Mapping Model using Telerik ORM wizard and its says "Invalid database type". I have the latest version of Telerik ORM I have Visual Studio 2010 SP1 installed I have Visual Studio Tools for SQL Compact 4.0 SP1 Installed. I have all the necessary components installed for creating and managing SQL Compact 4.0 Telerik ORM created in a standard way works fine with SQL Comapct 4.0 but when i try to create model from SQL Compact 4.0 database using Reverse Mapping Wizard, it gives errors. Has anyone experienced this issue? Can anyone confirm that Reverse Mapping is supported with SQL Compact 4.0 or not? An expert's response is highly appreciated. Thanks Steve A: It looks like you are trying to create your data layer using the Classic API approach. You could use the new approach for generating a domain model in your application, where the problem does not arise and SQL CE 4.0 can be used.
2024-04-20T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5295
Raised in Minnesota, Joel Coen (1954) and Ethan Coen (1957) debuted with Blood Simple (1984), directed by Joel and produced by Ethan and co-written by the two, a noir film in which most of the story is not a story at all: it is a series of meaningless events that make perfect sense and imply each other. The film is also the quintessence of dark humour, as its twisted logic and inept protagonists lead to a sequence of dead bodies. It also started a trend, of establishing a film's mood through the choice of the story's location. In a sense, it is the location that determines how the characters act. Asphalt in the night. A man and a woman, Ray and Abby, are driving in the rain (the camera shows us only the back of their heads and the windshield). The woman realizes that someone is following them and tells the man to stop the car. The car behind them stops too, then turns around. Later, they make love in the room of a motel. In the morning, the phone rings and Ray picks up. The man hangs up, but Ray has recognized the voice: it's her husband. A sleazy private detective, Visser, brings the compromising pictures of their affair to the husband, Marty, the owner of a a strip-club. Marty is fuming. An attractive young woman, Deborah, is chatting with the black bartender. Marty learns from the bartender that Ray has not showed up: Ray is a bartender at Marty's saloon. Abby asks Ray to leave town. Ray goes to the saloon one last time to confronts Marty and tell him that he is quitting. Marty is furious, and refuses to pay him the last salary. Later, Marty assaults his wife in Ray's house, but she chases him away. Then Marty hires Visser to kill them. Visser is a clumsy killer, who doesn't know how many bullets are in his gun. Finally, he walks into the room where the lovers are sleeping and shoots (the bullet creates a burst of light in the dark room). Visser takes a picture of the bodies and brings it to Marty to cash his salary. Marty pays and Visser shoots him, clearly to eliminate a dangerous witness. Visser takes the money and leaves. And this could have been the end of what would be merely a very stereotyped film noir. Instead, Ray walks into Marty's office: so Ray is still alive. He finds Marty dead and panicks. Perhaps realizing that he will be the natural suspect, Ray begins mopping up the place, but he is only clumsy so he seems more intent in incriminating himself than anything else (he grabs the gun, thus leaving his fingerprints on it, and then makes a big mess of the blood on the floor while trying to wash it away). Ray manages to load the corpse in the car and drives on the usual freeway (asphalt flashing in front of him in the dark). But the corpse is not a corpse, after all: when Ray realizes that Marty is still alive, he panicks. After basically saving his life (Marty crawling out of the car is almost run over by a big truck), Ray decides to dig a hole and dump the still alive Marty into it. As Ray is throwing dirt on the body, the body pulls out a gun from a pocket. Marty pulls the trigger three times, but there are no bullets. Ray resumes the shoveling with renewed alacrity. In the morning, he is done, and drives back on the long, straight freeway. He stops at a booth and calls Abby: so Abby is also still alive. We still don't know who Visser killed, but we soon find out, as we see Visser burning a series of pictures, from the one he showed Marty (bodies covered with blood) to the one that he really took (that was the burst of light instead of the shot) and in which the bodies have no wounds: he merely took a picture of the couple while they were sleeping, and then altered the picture in his lab so it looked like the picture of two dead people. The two lovers are totally unaware of what happened. And Abby is totally unaware that her husband has been killed. Or has he? As Abby is trying to figure out why Ray is all shook up, the phone rings. Abby picks up, and then hangs up, and tells Ray that it was Marty. In the meantime, the black bartender finds a message at home: it is Marty telling him that a lot of money is missing from the safe. The black bartender drives to Ray's, thinking (as Marty meant to) that Ray has taken the money. Marty set up Ray so that Ray would look like the thief of the money that Marty actually gave Visser. In the meantime, Visser has gone back to the club and found that the body has disappeared. Abby walks in too, and finds a mess in the office (Visser spies from the closet where he's hiding). She falls asleeps and dreams of Marty. The following morning she finds Ray ready to leave. He has packed all his belongings. Abby demands an explanation for what is going on. Ray is not connecting. He mumbles that Marty was still alive when he buried him, but he never told Abby anything about that night. She suspects that Ray went to the club asking for his money, had an argument with Marty and killed him. She runs to the black bartender, but he tells her that it is impossible: Marty left the message after the robbery, so he was still alive after the money had disappeared. Ray goes back to the club and opens the safe, and finds the picture of them dead: so he understands what has been going on. Abby walks into her room and finds Ray staring at the window in the dark. She turns on the light but Ray tells her to turn it off: Ray knows that someone is out there ready to kill them. Before he has time to explain, she disobeys and turns the lights on again: a shot and Ray collapses on the floor. Abby has barely time to move before a second shot aimed at her misses her narrowly. Seconds later, she hears footsteps: it is Visser who comes to collect the bodies. Abby locks herself in another room. Visser tries to come in from the window. In the most gruesome scene of the film, Abby nails his hand to the windowsill with a steak knife. Visser shoots holes in the wall (each hole creates a flash of bright light from the lit room to the dark room) and then demolishes enough of the wall to grab the knife and free his hand. In the meantime, Abby has found a gun and is waiting for him. She shoots him through the wall (making another flashing hole) and Visser dies laughing. They are all dead except Abby. Abby will never know what this was all about. Fargo (1996) abandons satire and turns to a serious and somewhat detached fresco of society. This time Coen zooms in on the heartland, the place where people are supposed to be kinder and less greedy. And this time, in the bleakest of his films, Coen introduces an optimist subplot: a simple couple with simple goals and simple love. Changing genre again, Miller's Crossing (1990) is a gangster movie set in 1929, that borrows from Dashiell Hammett's hot-boiled thrillers and from The Godfather. During the Prohibition, Leo is a middle-aged Irish boss of the organized crime that controls politics and police in the city. Tom is his closer adviser. An Italian gangster, Johnny, visits Leo to ask him for a favor: he wants a gay bookie, Bernie, dead, because he has been messing with his boxing scams. But Bernie happens to be Verna's brother and Verna happens to be Leo's woman. So Leo forbids the murder. Johnny does not forget. Tom also happens to be Verna's secret lover. Tom also has mounting gambling debts to deal with. One of Leo's man is find killed in an alley and Leo immediately suspects Johnny. Johnny, on the other hand, tries to buy Tom's services. Tom sees through Verna, who is a selfish, calculating woman, and suspects that she is the one who killed the gangster, because he had found out about her relationship with Tom. Bernie, on the other hand, is a despicable character, who is not grateful of Verna's protection and thinks of her as a slut. After the first skirmishes of war between the two gangs, Tom tells Leo that he is mistaken: his man was not killed by Johnny, was killed by Verna. To convince him, Tom has to confess his relationship with Verna. Leo hits him and throws him down the stairs. Their partnership is over. Tom goes to work for Leo's chief enemy, Johnny, whose right-hand man is the hateful Dane. To prove he can be trusted, Johnny orders Tom to kill Bernie. Two of Johnny's men take Bernie and Tom to "Miller's Crossing", the place in the woods where gangsters kill their enemies, and then Tom walks Bernie among the trees. Bernie begs for his life, Tom lets him go and shoots in the air to pretend he killed him. Dane does not believe that Tom killed Bernie and takes him in the same woods to show him the corpse. Since the corpse does not show up, Dane tells Johnny that Tom lied. In return, Tom tells Johnny that Dane is Bernie's homosexual lover. Johnny is an old-fashioned guy who doesn't like all the double-crossing, and he is naif and good-hearted. He starts sweating when under pressure to recognize that someone is misbehaving. He would like to believe in an absolute order of things. Tom gives Bernie an appointment at his apartment. Then visits Johnny, but Dane is there, accuses him of betrayal and tries to strangle him. Johnny, sweating and trembling, hits Dane with a shovel and then shoots him in the head. Tom coldly gives Johnny the same appointment he gave Bernie. When Tom arrives, Bernie has already killed Johnny. Tom coldly talks Bernie into surrendering his gun and then kills him. At Bernie's funeral, at "Miller's Crossing", Leo tells Tom that he and Verna are getting married, and offers him his old job. Tom refuses and remains alone among the trees. The film ends in the woods: Tom loses his hat to the wind and stares at it flying away. Tom doublecrosses everybody. Tom is the architect of the wave of murders. a bloody war for control of the city between Leo and Johnny. It is never clear how Tom feels, whether he is a divine horseman or an amoral misfit, whether he is a cynical, calculating brain or merely at the mercy of events. Like in the Godfather, it is patriarch Leo at the beginning of the movie that sets the rules for the moral universe of the film. The labyrinthine plot is a sequence of loyalties, betrayals and deceptions. The difference is that here the gangsters always talk like they are dreaming. The Hudsucker Proxy (1993) is ostensibly a satirical comedy. However, in reality, it is another post-modernist essay, a wild run through the history of cinema, exhuming the nostalgic populistic tone of Frank Capra and Preston Sturges, the screwball comedy of Billy Wilder and Howard Hawks, and with occasional nods to the gags of Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton. The Coens reconstruct the atmosphere and even the visual icons of the cinema that pitted corrupt rich people against honest ordinary people, that turned a man's simple life into a society's glorious epic. The problem is that the plot... does not exist. The Coens are happy to recycle classic themes, adding little or nothing to them. A few scenes are entertaining, but the whole is very light fare. The action takes place in the 1950s. A young man is ready to commit suicide from the roof of a skyscraper as soon as the clock strikes midnight of the last day of the year. A narrating voice introduces the flashback granting the film the quality of a fairy tale. A young, enthusiastic man, who just graduated from business school and relocated to the city from a small town, stares at a list of job advertisements. In the meantime, Waring Hudsucker presides over the meeting of a company's board of directors at the top of a skyscraper. The company is making money beyong belief. Hudsucker loads puts his watch down on the huge table, steps on the table and runs straight through the window to his death. At that exact same moment, the young man enters the building on his way to apply for a vacant position. The board is still sitting. A few of the directors comment that he could have opened the window instead of breaking it and that he didn't finish his cigar. The company's vice-president (Paul Newman) realizes the problem that they are facing: the president did not write his will and does not have heirs. Legally, this means that anyone can buy enough of the company's stock to kick all of them out of business. There is only one solution: appoint a complete idiot as president and let him destroy the reputation of the company, so that they (the board) will be able to buy the company. In the meantime, the young man has been hired as a mail-boy in the frantic basement of the skyscrapers, mingling with the crowd of humble workers (in a scene reminiscent of Lang's Metropolis). The young man is the only one who does not run for cover and is picked to deliver the terrifying "blue letter". The whole building faints when they see him walk towards the vice-president's office carrying the "blue letter". In the huge, super-human vice-president office, the young man causes all sorts of disasters (after presenting a most stupid business idea) and almost causes him to fall down the skyscraper. The vice-president, hanging upside down while the young man holds him by his pants, pulls out a cigar: he found his idiot. The young man, Norville, is elected president and, sure enough, the company's stock begins sliding down. The director of a newspaper calls his journalists: he wants an article exposing Norville's ineptitude. A determined and talkative girl, Amy, takes up the job (in a scene reminiscent of Milestone's Front Page). She approaches Norville and keeps talking and talking and talking until he, exausted, hires her as his secretary. Soon, the newspaper begins running her articles that unveil the pathetic truth about Norville's total incompetence. Norville is totally unaware that his own secretary is the poisonous reporter who is writing those articles. She keeps spying on the executive team. During one of her missions, she meets the man who runs the machines of the building, Moses, an old black man who seems to know everything about everybody, and has guessed the truth: they hired Norville to make the stock crash. But she is beginning to feel guilty: she even advises him not to trust people in the big city the same way he trusted people in his hometown. She falls in love with him. The board decides to invest in Norville's idea: the "hula hoop". It sounds stupid enough that would certainly cause the final collapse of the stock. Instead, the new product is an overnight success. The media turn him into a national hero. He becomes the most desired bachelor in the country. But his heart has hardened. He decides to fire workers and even the elevator boy who gives him another great idea (the bent straw for drinking). Amy resigns as his secretary. The vice-president finds out that Amy is the famous reporter and tells Norville. The fact is so embarrassing that Norville's career is finished: the board will soon fire him. They drive him to desperation, aiming at locking him into a mental institution. On New Year's Eve, he drinks alone in a bar. The reporter finds him, but now he hates her. He, in turn, is hated by everybody. Back to the first scene of the film: the clock strikes midnight and Norville jumps to his death... except that something stops him in mid-air: Moses has stopped the gears that move the clock, and therefore Time. A singing angel descends from the sky: it's the old president. The president is upset with him because... he never delivered his "blue letter" to the vice-president! The letter convinces him to stay alive. Moses restarts the machines and Norville safely reaches the road. He marries Amy and is reinstated as president of the company. The vice-president goes crazy and is hospitalized. Norville presents his new invention, the frisbee, to the board. The Big Lebowski (1998) is an offbeat thriller and a surreal comedy that perhaps best represent Coen's desolate while humane philosophy. The narrating voice introduces The Dude (Jeff Bridges), an unemployed drifter who spent his youth smoking pot and now roams the supermarkets and bowling alleys of Los Angeles with no apparent goal in life. Assaulted by two punks who think he is a millionaire with the last name, he decides to pay a visit to the millionaire, the "Big Lebowski", and ask him to reimbourse the carpet that the punks urinated on. The millionaire is a disabled veteran with a temper and no patience for hippies, and kicks him out telling him to get a job. The Dude walks out of the room and calmly picks up a carpet from the mansion. On the way out, he also romances a sexy girl by the pool. The Dude spends most of his time at home, listening to the countless messages that people leave on his answering machine. The Big Lebowski invites him again to his mansion. A self-made man who is proud of his accomplishments and despises losers like the Dude, he has now a problem: someone has kidnapped his wife and is asking for a ransom. He wants the Dude to deliver the ransom money. The Dude lets his friend Walter, a Vietnam veteran, accompany him, and Walter screws up the delivery when he tries a marine-type action. The two spend the evening at the bowling alley with their friend Donny, trying to figure out what to tell the Big Lebowski. When they walk out, the Dude's car has been stolen and, with it, the money. The Big Lebowski's daughter from a previous marriage, Maude, a haughty liberated artist, takes the rug back, and asks the Dude to retrieve the money (that he never delivered in the first place) in return for a 10% reward. She wants the money back because it belongs to a foundation for children that she and her father manage. Maude elucidates the Dude about her stepmother, a young attractive nymphomaniac and porn star who is simply trying to steal money from her husband. So he understands that the woman kidnapped herself to pay off debts she owes to a porn producer, and that the two punks worked for the porn king. He's interested in the deal, but still disturbed that he lost the rug. He is on his way home when the Big Lebowski kidnaps him: he knows that the Dude did not deliver the money and is going to tell the kidnappers to go and get it from him, the Dude. They have cut a toe of the woman and mail it as evidence of their intentions. Plus the Big Lebowski promises to cause the Dude ten times more harm than the punks will cause to his wife. The Dude's car is found by the police, but the briefcase with the money is gone. The Dude doesn't even search it, and only days later realizes by accident that the thief has left some pages in the car, a kid's homework, which can lead to his identification. Walter finds out his address and the three friends drive to his car. The kid refuses to talk, and his father lives inside a machine in intensive care. Walter loses his patience and attacks a sport car that he believes belongs to the kid. Instead, it belongs to a neighbor, who retaliates by vandalizing the Dude's car. They return home having failed again. Next, the Dude is taken by punks to see the porn king in person. The porn king believes that the Big Lebowski's wife is simply hiding from him because she can't pay her debt. Needless to say, he also wants the money from the Dude. The Dude tells him the truth: that the money is in the hands of a teeenager. The porn king drugs him and the Dude has the vision of "Gutterballs", a sort of psychedelic version of Busby Berkley's musicals, featuring the Dude as a bowling maniac (the man running the bowling alley is Saddam Hussein) and Maude wearing a Viking costume. Back home, the Dude finds Maude naked, ready to sleep with him. He finally understands that the briefcase was always empty: the Big Lebowski didn't even try to pay. He just needed a real idiot like the Dude to pull out his scam. Walter causes another disaster when he thinks that the old man is a fake and lifts him from his wheelchair: the old man collapses on the floor, and they have to haul him back into his wheelchair. Outside, three nazipunks who also want the money are` burning the Dude's car, and this time Walter can release his military instincts and beat the three nazis. The only casualty is Donny, who has a heart attack and dies. As Donny was a surfer, Walter and the Dude take his ashes to the beach, to release them in the sea, but Walter screws up again: when he opens the box, the wind blows the ashes on their clothes. Joel Coen's depression-era comedy O Brother Where Art Thou? (2000) follows the picaresque adventures of three escaped convicts. They create a loose sequence of tragicomic scenes. More importantly, they compose a majestic fresco of sloppy life and a philosophical treatise on the vanity of human struggles. Several sketches and characters parody real stories and protagonists of the South (the Mississippi bluesman who sold his soul to the devil at a crossroads, the singing governor). The film boasts an impressive "period" reconstruction, although little in the way of a real plot. There are many references to Homer's "Odyssey", mixed with a paraphrase of Preston Sturges' Sullivan Travels. Furthermore, the Great Depression looks like some kind of Middle Ages, a pervasive human landscape of poverty, disorder and warfare, but also of myths. A long line of black prisoners, chained to each other, chant in unison while smashing stones to build a road in the middle of the endless prairie. Three white convicts escape through the fields of corn, still chained to each other. They reach the railroad and jump on a train, but one falls back down and comically drags the other ones with him. The barking dogs signal that the posse is getting close. They jump on a handcar manned by an old man who claims to have no name: he talks like an oracle, predicting that Everett Ulysses, the leader of the three, will find a fortune, except it's not the one he's looking for, after a long journey. They approach a run-down farm house. A child armed with a gun starts shooting at them, thinking they might be sent from the bank to repossess their house. They are obviously not from the bank (they are still wearing convict clothes and are still chained to each other). His ruined father offers them food, but then calls the guards to collect the bounty that he desperately needs. The guards set fire to the barn where they are barricaded but the move backfires on the police. The child (of all people) drives the car into the barn and rescues the three convicts. They send him back after the car breaks down. As they are stuck in a town that is too far from anything, they discuss their plan: Pete (John Turturro) and Delmar are dumb, and it looks like Everett took them with him only because he was chained to them. They believe that Everett is on his way to rescue the colossal loot of his robbery before a dam is built on that location, and they only have four days to make it there. (It is not clear if Everett made the story up). They hear a religious chant and walk to the river. There they find a group of white-dressed Christians who are walking into the water to baptize the new converts. Delmer enjoys being baptized, all his sins washed away. Seeing the beneficial effects on his friend, Pete rushes to the river too. Everett explains to them that it's only a superstition, and it doesn't change their status as escaped and hunted convicts. Having fixed the car, they resume their trip. On the way they pick up a black traveler, Tommy, who claims to have sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for learning how to play guitar. From his description it sounds like the Devil looks like the cold-blooded sheriff who is heading the posse. They stop at the recording studio run by a half-blind white man and record a song, with Everett as the lead voice, Tommy as the guitarist and the other two as backing vocalists. As they walk out with the payment for the song, a white politician walks in to broadcast his speech on the radio. At night they dream of what they will do with the money, while Tommy plays his guitar and sings the blues. But their dreams are interrupted by the posse, that found their car. The three abandon Tommy and run through the forest. The following morning they are walking on an endless dirt road and discussing philosophy. They flag down a car. In the back seat the driver holds a bag full of money. The bag is open and banknotes are flying out of the windows. A car is chasing him. George does not stop the car, but stands out of the window and starts shooting his machine guns. A manic murderer, he even shoots at cows (all the time without stopping the car and not even watching the road). They stop at a town where George, armed to his teeth, robs a bank and terrorizes the customers who recognize him. The three convicts watch in disbelief. At night George is melancholy. He just walks away into the woods. The following day they continue their trip. Unbeknownst to them, their song has become a hit and a record producer is looking for them. A truck carrying a chain gang passes by. They stop the car when they hear women singing. They walk to the river and find three gorgeous scantily-dressed women washing their clothes in the river and singing gentle melodies. The women approach them and start caressing them, touching their faces as if to exorcise them, sensously rubbing against their bodies, enveloping them in the dreamy landscape. They offer them drinks and seduce them. When Delmer wakes up, he sees Pete's clothes lying on the ground. Pete is nowhere to be found, but a toad emerges from his clothes. Delmer screams, believing that the sirens turned Pete into a toad. Everett, Delmer and the toad resume their journey in the bandit's car. They eat at a fancy restaurant keeping the toad in a shoebox on the table. Having eyes their money, a loquacious fat one-eyed man introduces himself as Bible salesman "Big Dan". At a table at the same restaurant politicians are arguing about the elections. The salesman takes them to a field outside where he explains his strategy to make money out of the word of God. Suddenly Dan grabs a branch from a tree and start hitting them in cold blood. He takes their money and their car, and crushes the toad. The truth is that Pete has been captured by the posse and is being flogged mercilessly to reveal where the other two are heading. The flames of the torches are reflected in the sheriff's eyeglasses while the men prepare the noose to hang him. Everett and Delmer hitch a ride from a slow truck carrying bales of hay, and pass their old chain gang that is working by the road. Among the prisoners Everett spots someone who looks exactly like Pete. They reach a town where the a political rally is being held by the opposition. The candidate's name is Homer. The townfolks listen attentively to the hymn being played by children: they are three of Everett's girls. The girls explain that their mother is about to remarry. She told them that he was hit by a train. He finds his wife Penny and his children (who are now seven because there's a new one). He is beaten up by his wife's fiance. Everett and Delmer watch a movie at the local theater. Police officers armed with guns interrupt the show to let in the whole chain gang. Everett and Delmer finally recognize Pete. (It turns out that the sirens turned them in to collect the bounty). At the headquarters of the incumbent governor his helpers are discussing how to counter Homer's campaign. Everett and Delmer free Pete, who describes how he was tortured and had to tell the sheriff about the treasure. Pete feels terrible, but Everett confesses that there never was any treasure. Everett made it up to convince them to escape with him because he had to reach his wife in time to stop the wedding. Pete is angry because he is now facing a much longer sentence for escaping than he originally had to serve. Pete and Everett fight, and roll down the hill into the woods. Eventually they hear men dancing and chanting, bearing torches in the middle of the night, all dressed in white robes. It's a Ku Klux Klan rally, and Tommy is the man they are about to lynch. The three steal some white robes and are about to free Tommy when Big Dan, who is one of the Klansmen, recognize their smell and unmasks them. The trio manages to escape with Tommy. The leader of the Klansmen turns out to be Homer, the opposition candidate, who is always accompanied by a dwarf. Everett is still planning to disrupt the wedding. His wife's fiance happens to work for Homer, so they infiltrate the crowd at a political rally, disguised as yodeling country musicians. Everett talks to Penny, but she doesn't budge. In the meantime Pappy, the incumbent, tries to bring Penny's fiance to his side. The foursome doesn't know that they have become music stars. When they intone their hit, the crowd recognizes them and goes wild. But Homer recognizes them too and tells the crowd that they "interfered with a lynch mob in the performance of its duty" (i.e., hanging a black man). But he reveals a bit too much of his radical fascist ideas, and the crowd boos him and expels him from the town, while the quartet resumes the song. Pappy dances on stage with them, using their act to his advantage. To arouse the crowd, he publicly pardons them. This almost wins back Penny, but there's still one task she demands of him: her ring, which is still in their cabin, where Everett had originally told his buddies that the treasure was. Just then they witness manic murderer George being pushed by a crowd towards the electric chair. At the cabin they are captured by the sheriff, who has been waiting for them and is not aware of the pardon. They are ordered to dig their own grave before they are hanged (ironically, Tommy too). They sing one last prayer while the nooses are being prepared. Their prayers are heard: the valley gets flooded as the dam is inaugurated, and the water carries them away. They resurface alive in the middle of the lake. A cow is trapped on top of a cabin's roof. Tommy is hanging from a floating desk and finds a ring. Everett thinks it's the one, but Penny doesn't recognize it, and demands the original one, while the children follow them singing another anthem. Everett is reluctant to go on another odyssey to find the ring, while the old oracle passes by on his railway handcar. After the noir The Man Who Wasn't There (2001) and the romantic comedy Intolerable Cruelty (2003), both of them more stereotypical of Hollywood cinema, the Coens directed the remake of The Ladykillers (2004). Emblematic of this period of artistic stagnation is No Country for Old Men (2007), a faithful but rather plain adaptation of Cormac McCarthy's 2005 novel that adds nothing to the original. Roger Deakins's cinematography is rather blunt but that is consistent with the fact that the film has no soundtrack. The narrating voiceover is a sheriff, son of a sheriff and grandson of a sheriff, who talks about his work in an increasingly violent part of the world, just north of the border with Mexico. A psycho convict breaks out from the jail where a young deputy sheriff is holding him and strangles him. Then he stops a car on the highway and kills the driver using a cattle pistol that looks like a oxygen tank. A solitary hunter who has just wounded an animal but not killed it stumbles onto a massacre: two vehicles surrounded by dead bodies. There was a shootout and the only survivor is a fatally wounded man who begs for water in Spanish. In the back of his truck Llewelyn finds several packs of drugs. He tries to guess where the last man standing might have gone; and finds him under a tree, dead too, but holding a briefcase full of money. Llewelyn does not call the police, does not help the dying man in the truck; he simply returns to his trailer home and to his wife carrying the weapons that he confiscated from the dead and dying people as well as the briefcase full of money. They go to sleep as if nothing happened, but in the middle of the night he feels remorse, fills a container with water and drives back to the scene of the massacre. It is a bad idea because he is suddenly chased by a car and a dog in the dark, has to jump into the river and swim still chased by the dog, kill the dog and finally walk home having abandoned his own car. At home Llewynn tells his wife Carla to get out right away because he knows that the gangsters will only take a few hours to find out the address of the car Meanwhile, the psycho has terrified a gentle old store owner with a sinister interrogation at the end of which he has spared the old man's life only because he has guessed right a coin toss. Later that night he meets at the scene of the massacre with someone he works for, takes Llewynn's vehicle identification number and kills two more people after asking them to hold the light for him. The sheriff who spoke at the beginning shows up at the scene of the massacre. The sheriff and his deputy realize that it must have been a drug deal gone wrong, and notice Llewynn's abandoned vehicle. The following day the psycho finds Llewynn's trailer empty. The manager of the trailer community refuses to tell him where Llewynn works and somehow the psycho spares her life. The sheriff and his deputy search the same trailer just a few minutes later. Llewynn has moved to a cheap motel room, taking with him the briefcase full of money. He hides it deep into the air-conditioning duct. Llewynn arms himself and takes a second room in the motel, at the other end of the duct, while the psycho is driving around, guided by a transponder. The psycho makes it to the motel and takes the room where the transponder makes most noise. It is the right room but he can't find the briefcase. He has to kill three people who enter his room to kill him (or Llewynn). Finally, he understands where the briefcase was but it is too late: Llewynn has rescued the briefcase from the other side of the duct. So far the action has all been taking place in the desert. A businessman whose office is located in a high-rise building of a city hires Carson to sort out the mess: missing money, multiple killings. Carson knows the psycho well, whose name is Anton, a hitman hired to find the money. Llewynn is heading for the border. He takes a room, more paranoid than ever at people following him. In the middle of the night the beeping of the transponder alerts him that someone is outside his door. Llewynn jumps out the window just in time, slightly wounded by a shot. Anton chases him in the deserted streets. Llewynn stops a truck and tells the driver he's not going to hurt him but Anton shoots him dead before Llewynn can finish the sentence. Llewynn boldly faces Anton. The two wound each other but there is no winner. A bleeding Llewynn, having thrown away the briefcase, crosses on foot the border into Mexico. The following morning he pays a group of street musicians to take him to a hospital. A limping Anton sets fire to a car so he can rob a pharmacy. Carson finds Llewynn at the hospital and tells him that Anton won't stop at anything, will kill his wife and kills him just for fun even if the money is recovered. Llewynn's only way out is to return the money to Carson and take Carson's protection against Anton. Llewynn still demurs, claiming that the the money has been spent and/or stolen. The sheriff meets with Carla and tells her that Llewynn is in trouble with gangsters who will kill him, but Carla knows nothing of her husband's whereabouts. Carson discovers where the briefcase is, beyond a fence by the bank of the river that marks the border, but can't retrieve it. He goes back to the hotel, but Anton is there waiting for him. Anton kills him just when the phone is ringing: Anton picks up the phone and hears Llewynn, calling from the hospital across the river. Anton tells him that his wife is dead unless Llewynn returns the money. Llewynn hangs up, leaves the hospital, crosses the border, rescues the briefcase and calls his wife. Meanwhile, Anton, angry that the businessman hired Carson, walks into the high-rise building, enters the businessman's office, points the gun, and shoots him without saying a word. The accounting who is standing there has time to babble that the businessman simply wanted more people looking for the briefcase. Now that she knows where Llewynn is, Carla calls the sheriff and tells him where he is, afraid that Llewynn needs help. Alas, at the same time her mother is naively giving the same information to a gentleman in a suit and tie who has been keeping an eye on them and is working for the gang. When the sheriff arrives at the meeting point, it is too late: Llewynn has been shot dead. The sheriff is tired of all the violence, and wants to retire. Anton doesn't stop: he tracks down Carla, who has just buried her mother. She doesn't know where the money is. He offers her a coin toss for her life, but she refuses the creepy game. Anton walks away, humane for the first time, gets into a car accident, walks away limping with a bone sticking out of his arm after bribing a kid not to tell the police. Time has gone by. The sheriff is retired and reminisces about his father, who was also a sheriff. Moving further into mainstream cinema, Burn After Reading (2008) was a big hit. It was however followed by the nostalgic and low-budget A Serious Man (2009) and by another literary adaptation, True Grit (2010), based on Charles Portis' novel "True Grit" (1968). The slightly boring and certainly downbeat Inside Llewyn Davis (2013) is the portrait of a homeless, couch-surfing aspiring musician who seems to be cursed from birth. But he is also a delusional character, a bland and unimaginative entertainer with a bland uninspiring voice singing obsolete folk covers. Maybe the film is worth something as a re-creation of the Greenwich Village folk scene before the Dylan explosion, Maybe there is a more interesting film in the allegorical story of the cat named Ulysses, who, unlike Llewyn, finds its way home without any help from anybody. The cat's film has a happy ending, the man's story is headed for personal apocalypse. The action takes place in 1961, the year before the boom of folksingers like Bob Dylan. A folksinger has just finished his act at a night club and gets beaten in the alley outside by a stranger. The reason for the beating is not given. Llewyn is a New York folksinger who performs in night clubs. He is staying in the nice apartment of his friend Mitch and watching his cat. When he opens the door, the cat runs out. Llewyn runs after the cat and gets locked out of the apartment. He needs a place for the cat so he enters the apartment of some friends throught the fire escape and leaves the cat there. Then he visits his agent Mel. We learn that he used to play as a duo with a musician who is dead and that he has a solo album. Llewyn has never been paid for the album, and Mel ignores his request for money. When Llewyn tells him that he is homeless, Mel gives him a little bit of money out of his own pocket. When he returns to the apartment, he finds a hostile Jean (who apparently never liked him) and a guest, Troy, a soldier who is also a folksinger. Jean is married to Llewyn's friend Jim. Jean allows Llewyin to sleep on the floor for that night and then writes on a piece of paper that she is pregnant. Later that night Jean, Jim and Llewyn attend Troy's concert. The audience is mesmerized. Llewyin whispers to Jim that he needs to borrow money because a girl is "in trouble" (pregnant), but this time Jim cannot help him. At one point Troy invites Jean and Jim on stage to sing along with him. The next morning Llewyin opens the window and the cat jumps out. This time Llewyin doesn't find the cat. He goes for a walk with Jean and we learn that they have slept together and now she is not sure whether the baby is Jim's or Llewyin's so she is going to have an abortion: Jean is the girl who is in trouble, and Llewyn was asking her husband for the money to pay for her abortion! Llewyn has been through this before with his former girlfriend. Llewyn's sister is selling her house, which was the house of their parents, but she will not get any money out of it. Llewyn calls Mitch from a public phone to tell him that the cat is ok (when in fact it's still missing) and Mitch tells him to rush to the studios for a paid recording. It is Jim who has found him the job. Jim and Llewyn accompany cowboy Al. In need of money to pay for the abortion, Llewyn asks for a cheque instead of a royalty-based contract (he obviously think that the song is garbage and has no value). He then asks Al if he can crash on his couch. He meets Jean at a cafe to talk about the abortion and luckily spots the lost cat near the cafe. Llewyn visits the gynecologist to make an appointment for Jean and pay for the abortion but the doctor does not want to be paid. It turns out that two years earlier Llewyn paid for the abortion of his girlfriend but she didn't go through with it, so the doctor owes him one. Llewyn is shocked to learn that he is the father of a two-year-old child. His former girlfriend never told him and left town. Llewyn returns the cat to Mitch. Mitch insists that he joins his dinner with his upscale friends and insists that he sings a song. When Mitch's wife intones the part that used to be sung by Llewyn's dead partner, Llewyn loses control and starts insulting everybody. As he is about to leave, Mitch's wife realizes that the cat is not ther cat: it is not even the right gender. Al tells Llewyn to move out because his girlfriend is coming and puts him in touch with someone who is going to Chicago. This is an old fat obnoxious jazz musician, Roland, who sits in the back of the car while his valet, a poet named Johnny Five, drives. Roland talks nonstop and always in an insulting tone. We learn that Llewyn's partner committed suicide jumping from a bridge. They need to stop at many gas stations because Roland always needs to go to the restrooms. They stop at a restaurant. Roland walks to the restrooms again, but this time he is taking longer than usual. Llewyn finds him unconscious lying on the floor with a string around his arm: obviously he was injecting heroin in his arm, which is what he presumably did at all previous stops. Johnny is not shocked and simply loads the old man into the car. At night they stop by the side of the road to rest, but a nasty police officer comes to disturb them and arrests Johnny. Llewyn abandons Roland and the cat, and then hitchhikes to Chicago. His hope is to impress an influential manager, but the manager (who has never received any promotional records from Llewyn's agent Mel, contrary to what Mel claimed) is not impressed at all. Llewyn hitchhikes back to New York. The driver is tired and so Llewyn takes the wheel. It is snowing outside. In the dark Llewyn almost hits an animal that crosses the street and looks like his cat. The following day, desperate for a job, he signs up again for his old job as sailor. Before leaving on a ship, he visits his father at the nursing home. The old man doesn't move and doesn't speak, and shits in his pants. Llewyn visits his sister to get his sailor's license that he needs to get on a ship, but his sister threw away all his personal effects as he told her to do. So he can't even work as a sailor. Jean found him a gig at a night club with another act. He tells her that he loves her. At the club he meets the manager, an arrogant Pappi, who boasts that he had sex with Jean, and that's why Jean and Jim get to play in his prestigious club. Llewyn is already drunk and losts control: he starts insulting for no reason a middle-age woman who is singing a traditional song. Pappi's body guard throws him out. His last resort is Mitch, and in fact Mitch welcomes him again into his house. His wife even apologizes him for upsetting him. They are having two guests who have just heard Jim's new song (the one that Llewyn despised so much that he waived any royalties from it) and predict that it will be a hit. Luckily, Mitch's cat came back by itself. Llewyn performs at Pappi's club and he sings the song that he used to sing with his late partner. The next act is... the young Bob Dylan. Llewyn has a visitor: the husband of the singer whom he offended the night before, who kicks him badly in the alley. This is the exact same scene that opened the film. Now we realize that the whole film has been one long flashback. Hail Caesar (2015) is many movies within one movie. There is a main film which is about the crazy, stressful life of a film producer. This film itself is really many films in one, because it runs the gamut from comedy to melodrama, from noir to spy thriller; a postmodern take on cinema of the 1950s. Then there are snippets of the films that he is producing, which range from a historical-religious drama to a musical, from an aquatic ballet to a western movie. It is a self-referential romp through the filmmaking industry. The main allegory is a bit too superficial, but it seems to be about how life is complicated but then some find meaning precisely in that chaos. The action takes place in 1951 in Hollywood. Eddie is devout Catholic who frequently confesses his sins to his priest, although he has very little to confess. His methods, on the other hand, are often unethical and brutal: he slaps a model who is wasting time, and then bribes the cops summoned by neighbors. Suddenly, we are transported into ancient Rome for the historical-religious epic "Hail Caesar" about the crucifixion of Jesus from the viewpoint of a Roman legionnaire. Eddie is watching while the actors and the staff are making it in the colossal set. Suddenly, we are transported to the Far West, where an acrobatic cowboy is being chased by criminals. Unbeknownst to him, two of the extras are plotting to kidnap the star of the Roman epic, Baird. They drug him and then take him to an isolated chalet by the coast. Eddie is busy presenting the epic to the religious authorities of the city, who bicker about the divine nature of Jesus. Eddie's boss calls him requesting that the cowboy star be given a protagonist role in another film. Suddenly, we are trasported into an aquatic musical. The star is an attractive acrobatic swimmer, DeeAnna. Unfortunately, she tells Eddie that she is pregnant. She has already divorced twice and has no intention of marrying the father. This would be a scandal that could wreck her career. Meanwhile, the cowboy shows up dressed like a gentleman on the set of a British director. The director quickly realizes that the cowboy is incapable of acting. The director complains with Eddie, but Eddie tells him that there is nothing they can do to remove the cowboy from the film. Eddie learns that Baird is missing and that this will cost a fortune in delays. Eddie has lunch with a businessman who wants to hire him for an aviation company. It would be a much easier job, and well paid. The businessman shows him a picture of the atomic test at the Bikini atoll. Baird wakes up in the chalet and finds a group of intellectuals discussing politics and economics. They are communists, assembled around the German philosopher Marcuse. Eddie receives a ransom note for the safe return of Baird. Eddie is also haunted by two female journalists (Thora and Thessaly) who happen to be twins and competing with each other for the most salacious gossip. One is determined to publish a story about Baird that would destroy his career. Eddie talks her into postponing the story by one day, promising an exclusive about an affair between the cowboy star and another star, an affair that he is engineering. Eddie packs the ransom money and, after confiding the ordeal to the cowboy star, delivers it, as instructed, on the set of a musical about some sailors who are about to leave for eight months (a lengthy musical intermezzo). The director of this musical is the father of DeeAnna's baby but he has no interest in ever seeing her again: he is happily married with two children. Meanwhile, Baird gets brainwashed by the communists about how the Hollywood system exploits the writers. Eddie's trusted lawyer finds a solution to DeeAnna's problem: she grants an adoption to a man who frequently poses for their legal schemes, and he will grant her the adoption of her child, so that the media will write about her generosity in adopting an orphan instead o writing about a scandalous pregnancy. The aviation agent tries again to hire Eddie, but something keeps Eddie from saying yes even if the job would clearly be simpler and better paid than the one he has in the film industry. The cowboy goes out with the Hispanic star of exotic musicals. They watch one of his (hilarious) cowboy movies and then head to a club, where they are spotted by both twins. The cowboy spots a man with the briefcase that Eddie had filled with money, follows him, reaches the beach chalet, and finds Baird comfortably sitting in a room. Baird, totally brainwashed, has decided to join the communists, but nonetheless accepts a ride back to the studio. The communists are rowing a boat towards a Soviet submarine. One of them is fleeing to Moscow. The others decide to hand him the briefcase with the money. He drops in the water when his dog jumps to him, and the others watch horrified as the briefcase drifts away. Eddie, who has spent the night trying to solve all these problems, talks briefly to his sweet wife about the job offer. When Eddie meets Baird, he slaps him in the face repeatedly, reminding him that he is there to act, not to give political speeches. Baird retreats like a child and goes back to his set, giving a moving performance in front of Jesus' cross. DeeAnna has fallen in love with the man who was paid to adopt her baby: she will marry him so the problem is solved. Now the only remaining problem is the article that Thora is ready to publish: it is rumored that Baird had sex with the British director. Eddie, however, has learned that the story originated from one of the communists and tells Thora that her own career would be ruined if she published communist propaganda. Eddie confesses to the priest again, just one day later. He mentions that he has been offered an easier job and wonders whether easy things are right.
2024-07-14T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9020
Q: Language Translation API C# I am attempting to create a natural language processing program in which I must be able to translate words and sentences as well as getting their parts of speech. I have heard that you can implement Google Translate API in your program, but have worked on it with no luck for the past 2 weeks. I have tried looking at other translation services such as this, but with my very limited background in C#, I can not make much out of the article. Can anybody provide me with a simple walk through, I would like to learn what I am doing so I can further my knowledge of C#, that I can use to be able to accomplish my goal. It does not have to be the Google API, but any help is greatly appreciated! A: Two mainstream options are the Microsoft API, this is free to a certain limit the Google API is a paid service An cheap and dirty option would be to call the Google translate directly via a HTTP request (in another words screen scrape the Google translate page) with the new ASP.NET Web API its quite easy to do HTTP requests elegantly. eg: to translate the English phrase "test this" from English to French you need the below URL. http://translate.google.com/#en/fr/test%20this Here is the asp.net web api resource.
2024-02-01T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6419
Minorities will get equal share in development schemes: KCR Hyderabad: Chief Minister K. Chandrashekhar Rao said that the minorities’ development and welfare was among the of top priority programmes being implemented by the Telangana Government. The Chief Minister asked the officials concerned to work with more dedication for the Minorities, who are like the SC and STs, living in poverty. He wanted minorities to be beneficiaries of the all the development schemes that the government has initiated. He wanted for the self-employment of the minority youth, subsidy to the units worth Rs one lakh to Rs 2.5 Lakh should be given without having any link with the banks. The CM said that minorities should have 10 percent quota in the Double Bed Room houses. He wanted necessary measures to be taken to strengthen the Minority development Corporation, Urdu Academy and the Wakf Board. “Minorities in large numbers in the State like the SCs and STs. Muslims are in majority among the other minorities. There is abject poverty among the minorities like in the SCs and STs. During the separate statehood movement on several occasions I told that once the Telangana state is formed, there would be light in the lives of minorities. After the formation of the state, the government has given top priority for the development and welfare of the minorities and we have increased the budgetary allocations. We are implementing new programmes. We should spend the funds to the minorities as we are doing for the SCs and STs. If all the communities in the Telangana state prosper there would be a comprehensive development. Even if one community lags behind it cannot be called the comprehensive development,” the Chief Minister said. The Chief Minister said minorities should be the beneficiaries in all the government programmes under implementation. For the self-employment of the minority youth, without having any link to the bank cent percent subsidy should be given to the units having worth about Rs one to Rs 2.5 Lakh and the Collectors should monitor this. He said action should be taken to ensure that minorities get 10 percent quota in the double bed room programme. He asked officials to prepare programmes for the minorities living in rural, semi Urban, Urban and Corporation areas as their needs differ from one another. He also directed filling up of Urdu teachers’ vacancies in the minority educational institutions and get a data on the vacancies. KCR said proper measures should be taken to strengthen the Minority Development Corporation, Urdu Academy and the Wakf Board. He said entrance tests and tests for the recruitment to government jobs should also be conducted in Urdu language along with English and Telugu. He also proposed setting up of an exclusive industrial estate and IT Corridor for the Muslims. It was also decided to construct Hyderabad International Islamic Cultural Convention Centre in the 10 acres area in Kokapet with international standards and should commence construction works in three weeks. The Chief Minister said Charminar and its surrounding areas should be developed like the Golden Temple in Amritsar. He said parking spaces around Charminar should be created to enable tourists to spend some time at the monument. KCR said 42 KMs stretch along the Musi River should be developed like the Sabarmati Riverfront in Gujarat. He also wanted arrangements to b e made for plying Metro and Nano Rail along the Musi riverbank. A Special Officer will be appointed to oversee the Musi River front development. Shopping complexes, parks as well as double bed room houses for the poor will also be developed. He also released Rs. 40 crore from Special Development Fund to take up several emergency works under the Hyderabad parliament constituency. Residential Schools, A Revolution: Asaduddin Owaisi Asaduddin Owaisi said that the Minority residential schools being set up at the initiative of the CM were nothing but revolutions and within next 10 years they would bring a social revolution in the society. Asaduddin spoke specially about the Minority residential educational Institutions during the review meeting. He said several Muslim families are eager to send their children to the Residential Institutions. He said the teaching; food and accommodations in the hostels are good. The CM said besides several crores of funds being utilised for the minorities, the setting up residential educational institutions have given him more satisfaction. There is no property worth other than giving good education to the future generations. The CM said he is getting requests from the MLAs for more schools and sections.
2024-07-01T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5640
[Experimental evaluation of various anchoring techniques for synthetic ligaments]. One of the weak points of augmentation or replacement of cruciate ligaments by synthetic material is the fixation of these artificial ligaments to the bone. The present investigation examines the mechanical properties of a newly developed anchoring technique (ligament fixation device = LFD) in regard to linear and maximum load, stiffness, creep, and long-term durability compared to single staples, double staples in belt buckle technique, and passing the ligament through an additional bone tunnel. The tests are carried out on cadaver knees and plastic bones under standardized conditions with the same artificial ligament in all experiments (Trevira hochfest). The LFD shows a linear load of 1866 N in cadaver knees and 1874 N in plastic bones. The stiffness is 68.3 N/mm respectively 51.9 N/mm, the elongation at 500 N load 12.7 mm respectively 10.9 mm. In the hysteresis tests with submaximum loads the ligament/LFD-unit lasts 8515 cycles in the plastic bone and 4431 cycles in the cadaver knee. These results are significantly superior to all other fixation techniques concerning linear load, stiffness and long-term durability. They permit aggressive functional treatment and immediate postoperative weight bearing of the operated knee.
2024-04-25T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4674
926 S.W.2d 490 (1996) Jack J. SCHWARTZ, Appellant, v. CUSTOM PRINTING COMPANY, et al., Respondents. No. 69430. Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, Division Three. June 28, 1996. Motion for Rehearing and/or Transfer Denied August 1, 1996. *491 Edward James Hanlon, Borgman, Hanlon, Schwartz & Wilson, Clayton, for appellant. Stephen L. Beimdiek, Lashly & Baer, St. Louis, for respondent. Motion for Rehearing and/or Transfer to Supreme Court Denied August 1, 1996. GARY M. GAERTNER, Judge. Appellant, Jack Schwartz, appeals the judgment of the Circuit Court of the County of St. Louis granting respondents', Custom Printing Company, Donald Lenauer, and Elbert Clark, motions for summary judgment. We affirm. Schwartz, an attorney and certified public accountant, served as outside legal counsel to Custom Printing Co. ("Custom") for approximately twenty years, from 1969 to 1989. Lenauer and Clark were two principal owners of Custom, a closely held commercial printing business. In 1989, Schwartz left private practice to become Custom's new President and CEO upon Clark's, Custom's then President and CEO, retirement. On May 30, 1989, Schwartz entered into an employment contract with Custom for a five-year term. As part of that contract, the parties were to enter into a stock agreement whereby Schwartz was to receive a yearly stock bonus.[1] A document titled "Common Stock Agreement" was drafted and signed by the parties on July 10, 1990. The agreement stated the stock award was to be "a bonus for services rendered by Schwartz...." For each award, Schwartz was to receive a number of shares amounting to $300,000 per year, all five awards to be made "on or before August 1, 1994." The agreement further provided 6. Cessation of employment No Awards shall occur subsequent to Schwartz's cessation of employment by Custom, regardless of the reason for cessation. *492 7. Irrevocable proxy Schwartz agrees to grant an irrevocable proxy, on behalf of himself and his heirs or assigns, in favor of Elbert E. Clark and Donald H. Lenauer... with respect to all voting rights of all Shares awarded under this Agreement. * * * * * * 10. Buy-sell agreement Whenever Schwartz's employment by Custom ceases, for any reason, the parties agree all Shares shall be sold back to Custom by Schwartz . . . . (c) At the sole option of Custom, it may make payment for such Shares in the form of five equal payments beginning one year after Schwartz ceases employment. On August 1, 1990, Custom awarded Schwartz 12,000 shares of Custom stock pursuant to the stock agreement. Schwartz continued to serve as President and CEO until July 12, 1991, when Custom terminated him. Relying on paragraph six of the agreement addressing "Cessation of employment," Custom did not award Schwartz any stock on or before August 1, 1991, as that year's bonus. Schwartz filed his original petition against Custom on August 12, 1991, followed by his First Amended Petition on November 18 of the same year. The amended petition pled four counts: Count I sought specific performance of the Common Stock Agreement requiring Custom to award Schwartz additional shares of stock to which he claimed he was entitled on August 1, 1991; Count II sought a declaratory judgment ordering Custom to make and to continue making the stock awards for each year remaining under the five-year term as contemplated by the agreement; Count III sought a mandatory injunction requiring Custom to honor Schwartz's preemptive rights in order to maintain his one percent ownership of the company; and Count IV sought damages for Custom's breach of Schwartz's employment contract. Custom filed an answer denying Schwartz's allegations and a counterclaim in two counts. Custom sought a declaratory judgment and specific performance, asking the court to order Schwartz's shares awarded on August 1, 1990, be sold back to Custom pursuant to paragraph ten of the stock agreement and to declare Schwartz not entitled to any further stock awards. Custom then filed motions for summary judgment with respect to the first three counts of Schwartz's petition and its counterclaim. The motions were argued on May 5, 1993, at which time Schwartz filed his responses. The court granted both of Custom's motions. On May 20, Schwartz filed a motion to reconsider the order granting summary judgment, along with supporting exhibits and his own affidavit attesting to various facts not previously presented to the court. Custom filed a motion to strike the affidavit and exhibits as violative of Rule 74.04(c), which the trial court sustained. The court then denied Schwartz's motion. Schwartz obtained leave to file a Second Amended Petition, which he filed on July 1, 1993. The petition realleged the first three counts of his previous petition[2] and the fourth count for breach of his employment contract. In addition, the petition asserted causes of action for failure to provide a service letter (Count V), for fraud with respect to the stock awards (Count VI), for breach of fiduciary duty by Lenauer and Clark brought in Schwartz's individual capacity (Count VII), and for breach of fiduciary duty by Lenauer and Clark brought as a shareholder's derivative action (Count VIII). The court dismissed Count VII on Custom's motion. The court granted Custom's motion for summary judgment with respect to Count VIII on May 24, 1994, after the parties filed their motions and responses and presented oral argument. Schwartz voluntarily dismissed Counts IV, V, and VI before trial. Schwartz then filed another motion to reconsider the court's order of May 5, 1993, which was denied. He now appeals the trial court's rulings with respect to Counts I, II, III, and VIII of his second amended petition and the denial of his motion to reconsider, as well as the court's ruling with respect to Custom's counterclaim. In reviewing an appeal from summary judgment, "[o]ur review is essentially de novo." ITT Commercial Finance v. Mid-Am. Marine, 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo.banc *493 1993). We examine whether the moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See id. at 380. Summary judgment is not proper where a genuine issue of material fact exists. Id. at 382. Schwartz's first point on appeal encompasses several different issues and arguments; we address each in turn. First, Schwartz contends the trial court erred in granting Custom's motion for summary judgment as to Counts I and II of his petition because (1) the plain language of paragraph six of the stock agreement only releases Custom from its obligation to make the yearly stock awards when Schwartz, of his own volition, ceases his employment with the company, or (2) the provision is ambiguous and must be construed, creating a question of fact for trial.[3] "The cardinal rule in the interpretation of a contract is to ascertain the intention of the parties and to give effect to that intention." Peterson v. Continental Boiler Works, Inc., 783 S.W.2d 896, 901 (Mo.banc 1990) (citation omitted). This intent is to be gathered from the contract itself where the contract is unambiguous. Id. The fact the parties do not agree on the proper interpretation of the contract does not render it ambiguous. Id. Here, the plain language of provision six is clear: no payment of stock is to be made after Schwartz's employment ceases, whatever the reason for the cessation, whether it be caused by Schwartz or Custom. A comprehensive reading of the stock agreement confirms this. Schwartz's shares were nontransferable and were subject to a voting proxy in favor of Lenauer and Clark, and most importantly, Schwartz was obligated to sell whatever stock he held back to Custom "[w]henever Schwartz's employment by Custom ceases,...." The contract was clearly geared to protect the business, a closely held corporation, from any outside influence by keeping all stock within the ownership and control of the principal owners. Schwartz's reading of the provision is inconsistent with the overall aim of the agreement, and would render the contract absurd, especially in light of the buy-sell provision of paragraph ten. Schwartz next contends Custom cannot rely on its own wrongful conduct in terminating him to avoid making the stock awards. The Common Stock Agreement provides, "Schwartz's right, if any, to continue to serve Custom as an officer, employee or in any other capacity is the subject of a separate and distinct agreement between the parties and shall not be enlarged or otherwise affected by this Agreement." The stock agreement explicitly stated no award would be made after Schwartz ceased working for Custom, without reference to whether such termination was voluntary, wrongful, or otherwise. Further, we have found no evidence this argument was raised below. Any facts alleging such wrongful conduct and its effects on the stock agreement were not contained in Schwartz's petition with respect to the first three counts—and the only counts— before the court on the motion for summary judgment.[4] Nor were any facts of wrongful or justified termination raised in the parties' filings on the motion. A party cannot raise an argument against a grant of summary judgment for the first time on appeal. D.E. Properties v. Food For Less, 859 S.W.2d 197, 201 (Mo.App. E.D.1993). Thus, the judgment of the trial court with respect to Counts I and II of Schwartz's petition must be affirmed. The last issue contained in Point I of Schwartz's appeal asserts the trial court erred in granting Custom's motion for summary judgment with respect to Count III of *494 Schwartz's petition. In Count III, Schwartz sought a mandatory injunction requiring Custom to allow Schwartz to exercise his preemptive rights attached to the first award of stock he had received. However, Schwartz failed to allege, either in his petition or his response to the motion for summary judgment, any facts showing the stock he held had preemptive rights attached, or showing Custom's Board of Directors could not issue stock bonuses to employees without first honoring any such preemptive rights.[5] The record does not contain any reference to what rights or limits existed as to the shares of stock owned by Schwartz under Custom's articles, nor were the articles themselves included. Furthermore, Schwartz never attempted to exert any preemptive rights when the alleged stock bonuses were made, and any claim Schwartz could have made was extinguished under the provisions of the Common Stock Agreement upon his termination.[6] Based on the record before us, we cannot say the trial court erred in granting Custom's motion for summary judgment with respect to this count. Schwartz's second point on appeal finds error with the trial court's granting Custom's motion for summary judgment with respect to Counts I and II of its counterclaim. Custom sought to enforce the buy-sell provision of the stock agreement against Schwartz and requested a declaratory judgment that no further awards were due. Schwartz contends Custom cannot enforce the buy-sell provision in the manner chosen because that option only applied if Schwartz voluntarily left his employment with Custom. As previously set forth in our discussion of paragraph six of the stock agreement, we find no merit in this argument: Provision ten unambiguously states Schwartz must sell back his shares once his employment ceases. The option chosen by Custom was the only method of payment expressly provided. Alternatively, Schwartz argues Custom cannot profit from its wrongful conduct. Again, we find the argument without merit for the reasons discussed in Point I. For his third point on appeal, Schwartz claims the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in Custom's favor on Count VIII, his shareholder's derivative action. We find Schwartz had no standing to file such action. Schwartz was ordered to sell back his shares of stock on May 5, 1993. Under the Common Stock Agreement, he lost his right to hold these shares when his employment ended. Thus, his standing as a shareholder—and the concomitant right to bring a shareholder derivative action—was abolished on July 12, 1991. See Shaffer v. Terrydale Management Corp., 648 S.W.2d 595, 609 (Mo.App. W.D.1983) (corporation entitled to enforce buy-back option in shareholders agreement as of date shareholder no longer active in business and demand was made). Additionally, a shareholder's derivative action "may not be maintained if it appears that the plaintiff does not fairly and adequately represent the interests of the shareholders or members similarly situated in enforcing the right of the corporation or association." Rule 52.09. Custom filed affidavits of all the other shareholders stating they do not agree with Schwartz's action and he does not represent their interests to demonstrate his lack of standing. See Dawson v. Dawson, 645 S.W.2d 120, 129 (Mo.App. W.D.1982). Schwartz responds the other shareholders were not similarly situated to him as their stock was held subject to a voting trust, while he held his with voting rights. Therefore, he maintains, he was excused from the "fairly and adequately represents" requirement of Rule 52.09. The evidence shows, however, Schwartz was awarded his stock subject to the execution a similar voting trust in favor of Clark and Lenauer. Thus, Schwartz failed to meet the necessary requirements for maintaining a shareholder derivative action set forth in Rule 52.09. Based on the above analysis, *495 we find Schwartz lacked standing to bring this action. For his last point on appeal, Schwartz contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to reconsider the court's order of May 5, 1993, and in granting Custom's motion to strike the attachments thereto, which included Schwartz's own affidavit and his notes regarding the Common Stock Agreement. Schwartz argues these documents created genuine issues of material fact thereby rendering the trial court's order improper.[7] Under Rule 74.04(c) as it then existed, an "adverse party prior to the day of hearing may serve opposing affidavits" to controvert a motion for summary judgment. (Emphasis ours.) Therefore, as the attachments were filed after the day of the hearing and after the trial court ruled on the motion, the documents were not timely filed, and the court properly granted Custom's motion to strike them. Because the documents were not considered by the trial court and were not made part of the record, they likewise cannot be introduced into the record on appeal.[8]Marc's Restaurant, Inc. v. CBS, Inc., 730 S.W.2d 582, 584 (Mo.App. E.D.1987). Thus, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Schwartz's motion to reconsider its order of May 5, 1993. Based on the foregoing, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. GERALD M. SMITH, P.J., and RHODES RUSSELL, J., concur. NOTES [1] This bonus was in addition to his yearly salary as set out in the employment contract: $250,000 during year one, $275,000 during year two, $300,000 during year three, $350,000 during year four, and $375,000 during year five and every year thereafter. [2] Schwartz refiled these counts in order to preserve them for appellate review. [3] Schwartz relies in large part upon a prior draft of the Common Stock Agreement to show an ambiguity existed. The parol evidence rule bars review of that document to create an ambiguity where none exists in the parties' final integrated agreement. See Jake C. Byers, Inc. v. J.B.C. Investments, 834 S.W.2d 806, 812 (Mo.App. E.D. 1992). The cases cited by Schwartz in an attempt to evade the parol evidence rule are inapposite. [4] Contrary to appellant's counsel's assertions at oral argument, none of the first three counts of Schwartz's petition incorporated any facts concerning wrongful termination, and only Counts II and III incorporated paragraph nine's bare allegation that "... Defendant breached the Employment Agreement by terminating Plaintiff's employment . . ."; nor did Custom's motion for summary judgment include Count IV. [5] Schwartz's employment contract acknowledges his participation in the stock bonus plan was subject to the direction of the Board of Directors. [6] We further note preemptive rights are not limitless. Some authorities have stated preemptive rights do not apply where the new stock is offered in exchange for property or services. See 18A Am.Jur.2d § 533 (1985). [7] In his brief and during his oral argument, counsel for Schwartz made reference to alleged facts concerning vacation and sick leave which had accrued to Schwartz and would have extended his employment past the August 1, 1991, stock award deadline. These references were to statements contained in Schwartz's affidavit which had been stricken from the record and alleged in Count IV (breach of the employment contract) of Schwartz's second amended petition which was filed after the court granted Custom's summary judgment motion. Therefore, the alleged facts were never properly before the trial court in ruling on Counts I, II, and III of the first amended petition. [8] We hereby grant Custom's motion to strike the documents from the legal file.
2023-09-19T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7698
Ottawa police officers will be allowed to consume cannabis when they're off-duty, once the drug becomes legal in Ontario. At an Ottawa Police Services Board meeting on Monday, the force adopted fit-for-duty guidelines related to cannabis use. The guidelines go beyond just using the drug, and touch on the overall physical, social and emotional state of officers. This is the first time the force has spoken publicly about what officers will be permitted to do while off-duty once the drug becomes legal in the province on Oct. 17. Ottawa Police Service Chief Charles Bordeleau says after recreational cannabis is legal, officers will be permitted to use it while off duty, and they won't have to abstain for a set number of hours before their shift. 0:30 Deputy Chief Steve Bell said the force considered banning cannabis use both on-duty and off-, but determined that since it's becoming legal, they can't stop officers from using it. "You can't show up high. You can't show up drunk. You can't show up using prescription medications that are going to impact your ability to do your job," Bell said. "It's not illegal and in that we didn't feel that we were in a good ground to say that we should prohibit our members from using it. Instead we said you've got to come to work and be ready to do your job." Officers will be able to use the substance on their own time, but can't come to work high, he said. Chief Charles Bordeleau said the service has not ordered officers and civilian staff to prohibit their use within a certain time period of being on the clock. Calgary police ban cannabis Police forces across the country, and the Canadian Armed Forces, have been working on policies for their members. Along with Ottawa police, RCMP and military members will be allowed to light up when off-duty. So far, only the Calgary Police Service has stated that its members won't be allowed to use cannabis even while off-duty. Bordeleau said there is strong precedent for the fit-for-duty standard, which applies to other legal products. "The term fit for duty has been defined and that's what most police services in Ontario will be following," he said.
2024-04-13T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5783
<?php /* +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Copyright CiviCRM LLC. All rights reserved. | | | | This work is published under the GNU AGPLv3 license with some | | permitted exceptions and without any warranty. For full license | | and copyright information, see https://civicrm.org/licensing | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ */ /** * * @package CRM * @copyright CiviCRM LLC https://civicrm.org/licensing */ /** * Page for displaying list of relationship types. */ class CRM_Admin_Page_RelationshipType extends CRM_Core_Page_Basic { public $useLivePageJS = TRUE; /** * The action links that we need to display for the browse screen. * * @var array */ public static $_links = NULL; /** * Get BAO Name. * * @return string * Classname of BAO. */ public function getBAOName() { return 'CRM_Contact_BAO_RelationshipType'; } /** * Get action Links. * * @return array * (reference) of action links */ public function &links() { if (!(self::$_links)) { self::$_links = [ CRM_Core_Action::VIEW => [ 'name' => ts('View'), 'url' => 'civicrm/admin/reltype', 'qs' => 'action=view&id=%%id%%&reset=1', 'title' => ts('View Relationship Type'), ], CRM_Core_Action::UPDATE => [ 'name' => ts('Edit'), 'url' => 'civicrm/admin/reltype', 'qs' => 'action=update&id=%%id%%&reset=1', 'title' => ts('Edit Relationship Type'), ], CRM_Core_Action::DISABLE => [ 'name' => ts('Disable'), 'ref' => 'crm-enable-disable', 'title' => ts('Disable Relationship Type'), ], CRM_Core_Action::ENABLE => [ 'name' => ts('Enable'), 'ref' => 'crm-enable-disable', 'title' => ts('Enable Relationship Type'), ], CRM_Core_Action::DELETE => [ 'name' => ts('Delete'), 'url' => 'civicrm/admin/reltype', 'qs' => 'action=delete&id=%%id%%', 'title' => ts('Delete Reletionship Type'), ], ]; } return self::$_links; } /** * Get name of edit form. * * @return string * Classname of edit form. */ public function editForm() { return 'CRM_Admin_Form_RelationshipType'; } /** * Get edit form name. * * @return string * name of this page. */ public function editName() { return 'Relationship Types'; } /** * Get user context. * * @param null $mode * * @return string * user context. */ public function userContext($mode = NULL) { return 'civicrm/admin/reltype'; } }
2024-04-16T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6775
Maternal mental health and infant dietary patterns in a statewide sample of Maryland WIC participants. The study's objective was to examine the relation between maternal mental health and infant dietary intake. A cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey was employed within a statewide sample of Maryland Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children participants. A 24-h diet recall was performed using the United States Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Analyses presented were based on 689 mother-infant pairs. Overall, 36.5% of mothers reported introducing solids to their infants early (<4 months of age), and 40% reported adding cereal to their infant's bottle. Among 0-6-month-old infants, higher infant energy intake was associated with symptoms of maternal stress [β=0.02; confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.04], depression (β=0.04; CI: 0.01, 0.06) and overall maternal psychological distress (β=0.02; CI: 0.003, 0.03). With early introduction of solids in the model, the significant associations between infant energy intake and maternal stress and maternal psychological distress became marginal (P's=0.06-0.10). The association between infant energy intake and maternal depression remained significant (β=0.03; CI: 0.01, 0.06). Among 4-6-month-old infants, intakes of breads and cereals were higher among mothers who reported more symptoms of stress (β=0.12; CI: 0.04, 0.23), depression (β=0.19; CI: 0.03, 0.34), anxiety (β=0.15; CI: 0.02, 0.27) and overall psychological distress (β=0.04; CI: 0.01, 0.07). Among 7-12-month-old infants, dietary intake was not related to mental health symptoms. Findings suggest poorer infant feeding practices and higher infant dietary intake during the first 6 months of age in the context of maternal mental health symptoms. Further research is needed to evaluate these effects on child dietary habits and growth patterns over time.
2023-10-11T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9740
Royal Stuart Society The Royal Stuart Society, founded in 1926, is the senior monarchist organisation and the foremost Jacobite body in the United Kingdom. Its full name is The Royal Stuart Society and Royalist League although it is best known simply as the "Royal Stuart Society." It acknowledges Francis, Duke of Bavaria, as head of the Royal House, while refraining from making any claim on his behalf that he does not make himself. The society organises annual events to commemorate the major anniversaries of Jacobitism and other events of Stuart and royalist interest. History After the First World War, the Jacobite movement was in disarray. The Royal Stuart Society was established by Captain Henry Stuart Wheatly-Crowe, who served as its first Governor-General, and representatives of the Royalist Association and other defunct or moribund Jacobite bodies. It considers itself a successor to, and effectively the continuation of, bodies of the Neo-Jacobite Revival, such as the Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland (founded in 1891 by Herbert Vivian, Ruaraidh Erskine and Melville Henry Massue), the Order of the White Rose and the Thames Valley Legitimist Club. Among its other founders were Lionel Erskine-Young, 29th Earl of Mar (1891–1965) and Reginald Lindesay-Bethune, 12th Earl of Lindsay (1867–1939). Objectives The objectives of the Royal Stuart Society are as follows: (1) to be open to all who have an interest in the members of the Royal House of Stuart, their descendants and supporters; (2) to promote research in and further knowledge of Stuart history; (3) to uphold rightful Monarchy and oppose republicanism; and (4) to arrange such commemorations, lectures and other activities as shall advance these objects. It describes itself on its website as being “monarchist and traditionalist”. the Governor-General was Murray, Duke of St Albans, the Chairman of the Council Julian, Lord Aylmer, and the Acting Principal Secretary Hugh MacPherson. Activities The Society organises a variety of events throughout the year. An important part of these events are the commemorations in Whitehall, Windsor and Westminster Abbey. Details of all these events, many of which are open to the public who are always made welcome, appear on the Society's website. A well-attended Service to commemorate the execution of King Charles I is held at his statue in Trafalgar Square on 30 January each year and a wreath is later laid on behalf of the Society on the King's tomb at St George's Chapel, Windsor at the beginning of Choral Evensong. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, is remembered with a Service at her tomb in Westminster Abbey on 8 February. The nativity of King James VII and II is marked by prayers and the laying of flowers at his statue outside the National Gallery on 14 October. The Society also holds an annual dinner which commemorates Restoration Day and White Rose Day. An informal party for members is usually held in November. The Society's lectures take place at the parish hall of the Jesuit church at Farm Street in London’s Mayfair. Newsletters with details of people, events and news of the Society are produced and edited by the Principal Secretary and sent to members during the year. The Society publishes the Royal Stuart Journal annually and this is available to non-members via the website. The Journal recently replaced a series of publications called Royal Stuart Papers (still available from the Society) which included papers by a number of well known historians such as Roy Porter, Richard Sharp, Murray Pittock, Eveline Cruickshanks, Lady Antonia Fraser and Ronald Hutton. References Category:Jacobitism Category:Monarchist organizations Category:1926 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:Organizations established in 1926 Category:Clubs and societies in Norfolk Category:Monarchism in the United Kingdom
2023-12-08T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9892
This morning, I received the following email from Lee Cameron, executive director of the Economic Development Corporation in Freeport, Texas, and the site of the Western Seafood eminent domain case. Mr. Cameron, writing from a government email account paid for by tax dollars, writes: You probably don't care but I am going to tell you anyway. Carla Main's book is a work of fiction. The truth did not fit her purpose so she eagerly accepted the spoon fed version given her by Wright Gore. Gore is a master manipulator and has been the antagonist from day one. Thre would have been no eminent domain proceedings in Freeport if he had not attempted to stop the development. The Gore family considers the river as their private property and their attack on Freeport is all about greed and power. It's as simple as that. Lee Cameron Well, the public can read Ms. Main's excellent book and judge for themselves whether it is family business owner Wright Gore--or ambitious bureaucrat Lee Cameron--who is really "all about greed and power." (I tried responding to Mr. Cameron's email, by the way, but he had blocked me.) The Institute for Justice has prepared an important analysis of California's Proposition 99, the eminent domain initiative sponsored by an alliance of government agencies. You can read it here. IJ concludes, Prop 99 will provide insubstantial protection against the use of eminent domain for private commercial development. Small business owners will continue to lose not only their buildings, but also their incomes. All farmers and working class renters are at risk. Homeowners may not even be protected. Californians require real, substantive reform for everyone and Prop 99 does not come close to providing it. Here's an article by University of Chicago law professor Richard A. Epstein on the awful Didden v. Port Chester case which the Supreme Court declined to hear last year. Here's the brief that Pacific Legal Foundation filed in that case. Excerpt: [O]ur Supreme Court remains on a constitutional holiday. Over and over the justices blithely assume that conscientious planners acting in good faith are entitled to ample discretion in allocating the costs and benefits of our social life. Sounds great on paper, but the sorry saga of Port Chester shows that when it comes to real estate, we have a government not of laws but of politicians. In matters that they really care about, like race and free speech, judges are quite capable of seeing through airy abstractions to harsh realities. Why can't they do the same for property rights? The City of Arnold, Missouri, has issued a press release on city letterhead attacking Homer and Julie Tourkakis for daring to defend themselves in the courts when the city decided to condemn their property. You can read that abusive press release here. Today, the city sent this press release by mail to every voter in the city. In response, I wrote the following letter to the editor of the Jefferson (MO) County Journal: Dear Editor, It is a sad day when elected officials not only wield their power to seize the property of law-abiding citizens, but also take the time to denigrate them in public with press releases written and published on the taxpayer's dime. But this is just what the City of Arnold has chosen to do in a press release which it mailed to every voter in the City (at taxpayer expense), and in a recent story in this paper. In these statements, the City has called Homer Tourkakis a liar and accused him of various wrongful acts in seeking to defend his property from the city’s use of eminent domain. Let us get the facts right. The City decided to take away Dr. Tourkakis's dentist office without his consent, and give it away to a multimillion dollar private development company to construct a shopping center. Unfortunately for every citizen of Missouri, the city succeeded, in the process changing state law so that now every town and village in Missouri, no matter how small, can use eminent domain to seize people's homes and businesses and give the land to favored private interests. That inexcusable abuse of authority alone indicates the contempt that Arnold's bureaucrats have for the rights of residents. Yet still it was not enough for them; in the meantime, they called Dr. Tourkakis "selfish" for standing up for his constitutional right of private property, and are now accusing him in letters sent to City voters of lying about how much money they "offered" him for his land—"offered," that is, along with the threat of eminent domain. But it does not matter how much the city "offered" him. As an American and a property owner, Homer Tourkakis had the right to refuse any such offers, and to insist on a fair day in court. The city now claims that for him to exercise his constitutional right to due process of law was "wasteful" and a "delay." Shame on them. City officials are employees of the public. For them to waste the people's money by attacking Dr. Tourkakis for defending himself in court—as he has a constitutional right to do—is dismal proof of their irresponsibility, lack of professionalism, and contempt for individual rights. Today, the Pacific Legal Foundation unveiled its brand new website. We hope it'll be more user-friendly and contain much more helpful information for readers, the media, and our supporters. Check it out! After the U.S. Supreme Court's infamous decision in Kelo v. New London, which allowed government to use eminent domain to seize homes and businesses and give the land to private developers, citizens of Missouri might have hoped that their state courts would understand the need for a restrained interpretation of eminent domain. Unfortunately, the state's highest court chose this week to expand that power even further than the Kelo case did, and in the process, it put every home and business owner, every farmer and church member in Missouri at risk. Now, only an amendment to the state constitution can protect Missourians from the abuse of eminent domain. Chapman University Law School will be hosting a forum on eminent domain, and on California's Propositions 98 and 99, on Monday, April 14, at 5:30 p.m. PLF's Timothy Sandefur will be among the panelists. More information on the Orange Juice Blog here. The Pacific Legal Foundation filed a motion for rehearing in the Missouri Supreme Court yesterday, asking the Court to reconsider part of its decision in City of Arnold v. Tourkakis. The petition asks the Court to clarify what procedural mechanism should be employed when the case proceeds in the trial court. Since the TIF Act (the law under which the city claims its eminent domain authority) does not specify any procedure to be followed, we've asked the Court which of the many sets of rules for eminent domain cases ought to apply. You can read the petition here.
2024-06-07T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6025
Analytics are now part of football. You can choose to ignore analytics like Jon Gruden claims he will, or you can embrace it like Howie Roseman of the Eagles. I was hesitant to embrace analytics because it was mostly centered around football player grades. But without knowing the scheme, it’s hard to grade, especially at my favorite position, offensive line. When I retired from the NFL and had more time and the willingness to read people who cover football, I found them using analytics as a tool to chart tendencies and measure efficiency. I started paying attention to the analytics, seeing how it played out on Sundays and beyond. As football evolves and we’re able to chart tendencies, we must rethink how we look at certain situations. The norm of how plays are called, the way they’ve been called for years, has to adapt with new analytics. One area of the game we need to rethink is what happens at the goal line. The general theory for years was running in your jumbo package at the 1-yard line. The jumbo package can vary at times with who plays what position, but it’s three tight ends (sometime one or two of those are offensive lineman), one fullback and one running back. The formation looks like this. There are various runs and just a few passing routes from this formation. That’s sort of the point. The offensive coaches are telling the opposing defense, “Fuck you, we can run the ball against any look, even if the defense knows it’s coming.” It’s the same message we get in the offensive line room. It sounds like an archaic way to view football, but it’s something offensive lineman take pride in. Run the ball into any look; we can get the job done. However, this is where analytics should inform the way we think about the run game. There are stats that show us running the ball from jumbo inside the 2-yard line isn’t the best way to punch in a touchdown. When we were joking about calling a game with a boatload of passes, one of my fellow linemen mentioned being in 10 personnel on the goal line and how that would drive us insane. It would. Our friend Warren Sharp, from sharpfootballstats.com, chimed in with stats from the last two seasons showing that running from jumbo personnel on the goal line isn’t as efficient as staying in 11 personnel in the same situation. Here is that info from Sharp: Goal-line TD rate Formation NFL NE Formation NFL NE 0 WRs on the field 1st down 50% 50% 2nd down 47% 64% 3rd/4th down 50% 43% All 49% 53% 1 WR on the field 1st down 48% 100% (1 play) 2nd down 54% 100% (1 play) 3rd/4th down 54% n/a All 51% 100% 2 WRs on the field 1st down 33% n/a 2nd down 50% 50% (2 plays) 3rd/4th down 61% 100% (1 play) All 51% 100% 3+ WRs on the field 1st down 42% 50% (2 plays) 2nd down 59% 100% (2 plays) 3rd/4th down 57% n/a All 51% 75% New England TD rate for 0 WR vs. 1+ WR (RB runs from the 1- and 2-yard lines) 0 WR: 53 percent 1+ WR: 78 percent NFL TD rate for running the ball on first down vs. second-fourth downs from 1+ WR formations: First down: 44 percent Second-fourth downs: 56 percent The only time it makes sense to run the ball from jumbo is on first down, with a 50 percent success rate. If you get stuffed on first or just get down there after a big play, it’s time to get into 11 personnel and get better matchups to run the ball. When you game plan for an opponent, you pare down the entire playbook into plays that work for that week. You have a few goal-line runs and one goal-line pass you love, and maybe one more. But sometimes just one pass. The general philosophy on the goal line in jumbo is well known. Run on first down, run or pass on second down, pass on third down, and then run on fourth down. You pass on third down because passing on fourth down is obvious. You set up the goal-line passes by running the ball once or twice so the play action pass mimics the run action. Lastly, you enter the game with one great goal line pass and a secondary one just in case. There aren’t many options for multiple pass plays. The jumbo personnel package is not designed for the pass. As Warren’s data shows, conventional wisdom has it backwards. It’s better to run the ball from passing formations on second-fourth downs and pass from a run formation on first. Teams that run the ball with more than one wide receiver on second, third or fourth down, score 56 percent of the time, compared to less than 50 percent for jumbo formations. Defenses expect the run. When you line up in a passing formation teams must honor the pass, otherwise the quarterback will check to a great matchup on the edge. Defenses in the red zone are vanilla so there isn’t much thinking on downs at the goal line. Lastly, you only need two yards. It hits quickly. Lineman don’t need to sustain their blocks for long. Sign up for the newsletter Rise ’n Grind Want NFL news and interesting links in your inbox every weekday morning? Rise ’n grind with us. Email (required) By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice and European users agree to the data transfer policy. Subscribe If you are going to get into jumbo and run the football, there’s only one way to do it — the Patriot way. If you want to run the ball successfully on the goal line, just copy the Patriots. They run the ball from personnel groupings and on downs where teams expect pass. They go against traditional football thoughts. Coaches get too fancy on the goal line by trying to “fool” the defense. Not the Patriots. They’re the best at running the ball at the goal line because they understand where the best matchups are and they have the best goal-line run play of all time. It’s a single play they over and over again, never overthinking it. The New England play is GL 38/39 Boss. It’s an outside zone with a fullback leading up on the edge player. It can go to the strong or weak side, depending on the defense. It’s an excellent play because it can eat up anything the defense is trying to do. Cross dog? Eaten up. Out charge? It can be handled. And so on. New England scored on versions of this same run in four straight games between Weeks 12 through 15. Here they are running it against Pittsburgh in the play’s most basic form. Fast forward to the playoffs, and you’ll see what makes the Patriots so dang tough to play. They adjust and anticipate better than anyone else. They’re aware they scored multiple times last season on the same play. In the divisional round, New England faced Tennessee and famed defensive mind Dick Lebeau, who loves himself some middle cross dog on the goal line. Something that looks like this: They are waiting for the outside zone, with the defensive line making an all out charge and the edge players where they are. So, New England runs a cutback play that’s designed to defeat the cross dog. It looks like zone to start for a second, and boom, it’s a cutback and a touchdown. This is what New England does better than anyone else in jumbo personnel, and they’re even better on second down. I will say this data doesn’t show New England, or any other team, who tried to run on first down and got stuffed, and then tried to force it again. In New England’s case, having watched most of their film, they get to first-and-goal, run a play getting themselves down into the area where jumbo personnel is appropriate. The final thing New England does well in this area of the field is tempo opponents using goal line runs with different personnel. Against Jacksonville, in the AFC Championship, the Patriots ran a goal-line outside zone from 11 personnel. Notice what happens here. Because of the formation, Jacksonville’s defense tries to line up in some semblance of a goal-line defense with their nickel personnel. No bueno for them; excellent for the Patriots. There’s no one to defend this play. Walk in touchdown. That’s a lot to consume here, but remember this — stay in 11 personnel on the goal line. If you want to get into jumbo, run outside zone with it.
2023-10-10T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/3595
localwords \ { \ http://www.ftdichip.com/Support/Documents/AppNotes/AN_324_FT900_User_Manual.pdf $10280 io-32 ccvr \ Current Counter Value Register io-32 cmr \ Counter Match Register io-32 clr \ Counter Load Register io-32 ccr \ Counter Control Register (WEN EN MASK IEN) io-32 stat \ 1 means interrupt cell+ io-32 eoi \ End of Interrupt Register - read clears interrupt drop set-current \ }{ : rtc@ ccvr @ ; previous \ }
2024-06-16T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5585
Q: When would one use ssh or http to clone? When cloning a Git repository, one has a couple of options on the url to clone the repository from. For exapmle, https and ssh. I understand one would use the ssh if the repo is hosted on a private server, but if the project is hosted on Github itself, is there a difference between cloning via http or via ssh? A: The difference is in the protocol used, as you probably guessed. Assuming you don't much care about the technical details between HTTPS and ssh, ssh has the advantage that you can use public key authentication, while you must use a username and password with HTTPS. They both get the repository onto your computer and allow you to interact with remotes in the same way. HTTPS also has the advantage that it tends to play nicer with firewalls than ssh does, though I've never run into a network that prevents me from using ssh. As @Jeeter's answer explains, Github encourages you to use HTTPS, so go with that if you're in doubt, I guess. A: I did some digging, and found that Github recommends cloning with https: Cloning with HTTPS URLs (recommended) ... In certain cases, if you'd rather use SSH, you might be able to use SSH over the HTTPS port. But for the most part, they're the same! Cloning with ssh requires keypair setup on your computer, and is used for locally-hosted repositories: SSH URLs can be used locally, or as a secure way of deploying your code to production servers. You can also use SSH agent forwarding with your deploy script to avoid managing keys on the server.
2023-08-29T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/1730
Charles le Bargy Charles Gustave Auguste le Bargy (28 August 1858 – 5 February 1936) was a French actor and early film director. He was born at La Chapelle (Seine). His talent both as a comedian and a serious actor was soon made evident, and he became a member of the Comédie-Française, his chief successes being in such plays as Le Duel, L'Enigme, Le Marquis de Priola, L'Autre Danger and Le Dedale. His wife, Simone le Bargy née Benda, an accomplished actress, made her debut at the Gymnase in 1902, and in later years had a great success in La Rafale and of her plays. In 1910 he had differences with the authorities of the Comédie-Française and ceased to be a societaire. He acted in and directed several early French films, starting with L'Assassinat du duc de Guise (1908) and La Tosca (1909). Selected filmography The Call of the Blood (1920) Madame Récamier (1928) References External links Category:1858 births Category:1936 deaths Category:French male film actors Category:French male silent film actors Category:French film directors Category:20th-century French male actors Category:Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
2023-10-20T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6628
Q: Array of textbox and labels how to get value in submit method in c# i have used to create labels and textboxes dynamically in drop down list selected index changed method and how to get those textbox values in submit method .... public partial class StudentMarklistEntry : System.Web.UI.Page { private Label[] sublabels = new Label[7]; private TextBox[] subtextbox = new TextBox[7]; protected void semDropDownList_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { int sem = int.Parse(semDropDownList.SelectedItem.Text); string dept = DeptDropDownList.SelectedItem.Text; if (sem != null) { SqlDataReader subject = Mlist.GetSubjects(d_id,sem); int i = 0; while (subject.Read()) { sublabels[i] = new Label(); subtextbox[i] = new TextBox(); sublabels[i].Text = sub; sublabels[i].ID = (subject["SUB_ID"]).ToString(); markz[i] = Convert.ToString(subject["SUB_ID"]); subtextbox[i].ID = "subtextbox"+i.ToString(); labelPlaceHolder.Controls.Add(sublabels[i]); labelPlaceHolder.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl("")); Textboxholder.Controls.Add(subtextbox[i]); Textboxholder.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl("")); i++; } subject.Close(); } protected void SaveButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { } } A: You can access the control values in two ways Looping through placeholders controls IList<string> selectedValues= new List<string>(); foreach (Control control in placeHolderText.Controls) { if (control is TextBox) { var textBox = control as TextBox; selectedValues.Add(textBox.Text); } } Using request.form var keys = Request.Form.AllKeys.Where(formKey => formKey.Contains("subtextbox")); foreach (var formKey in keys) { selectedValues.Add(Request.Form[formKey]); } UPDATE Further to your question regarding the controls' visibility on submit button click, this is the problem becuase you are creating the textboxes in the dropdownlist selectedindexchanged event. In your button click event the placeholder will be empty as the controls are not created at all. As a workaround, you can try the following approach. Create a function as below private void CreateDynamicControls() { int sem = int.Parse(semDropDownList.SelectedItem.Text); string dept = DeptDropDownList.SelectedItem.Text; if (sem != null) { SqlDataReader subject = Mlist.GetSubjects(d_id, sem); int i = 0; while (subject.Read()) { sublabels[i] = new Label(); subtextbox[i] = new TextBox(); sublabels[i].Text = sub; sublabels[i].ID = (subject["SUB_ID"]).ToString(); markz[i] = Convert.ToString(subject["SUB_ID"]); subtextbox[i].ID = "subtextbox" + i.ToString(); labelPlaceHolder.Controls.Add(sublabels[i]); labelPlaceHolder.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl("")); Textboxholder.Controls.Add(subtextbox[i]); Textboxholder.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl("")); i++; } subject.Close(); } } Call the function both in PageLoad(out side the !IsPostBack block) and semDropDownList_SelectedIndexChanged event.
2023-12-30T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/3211
Sunday, 22 March 2015 Gold: Is US Dollar Parabolic Move Over? This is what is called the parabolic move in US Dollar. It has "coincided" with the collapse in Oil and other commodities. You can appreciate the magnitude of this move and the total devastation is has caused in the commodity markets. Is it over now? Everybody is still bullish on dollar, but FED has already scaled back expectations on the rate hike. Immediately we had the dollar flash crash, which is better seen on the daily chart below. Strong dollar is not very good for the recovering US economy, actually FED is in the corner of 18 Trillion debt, All-Time-High markets and the brave idea to hike the rates. Half of the traders maybe have never even seen rising rates in their lives before. What will happen with the market on fire once the oxygen will be going out? I would say that this "removal of patient does not mean that we are impatient" will lead to the very gradual couple of hikes the most. Once the market realise it, this parabolic move will end in the crash. The higher it goes the harder it will go down. When will it happen? I guess that nobody knows, but at least we have the hesitation now, which could be enough for the margin calls on this the most crowded trade after another 5% move down. On this daily chart for the dollar we can see the flash crash and how it is rolling over now. When it crossed 100.00 the upside was discussed at 120.00 level. Now when it is facing the "dovish" FED the re-test of MA50 can happen very quickly. So far Gold was cooperating with the sliding dollar and has shown the strong reversal with 3 days up forming potentially the second Low, which we have discussed above. This maniacally depressive state of the gold market can turn on a dime like we have seen in January. Move above $1,200 will bring the attention back, but solid breakout of the formation above $1,320 is needed to put this bull back on track now. News from China will be driving this market further. Gold above $1,320 will take the survived juniors out of the misery and the best projects will find their audience again. We are protecting our assets and building the strategic partnerships to develop them further. "Nova Gold has published its new presentation for PDAC 2015. Now you can find more information about Alaska as mining jurisdiction and Donlin Gold type of Gold deposit. TNR Gold owns 100% of Shotgun Gold project in Alaska, which has very similar geology to Donlin Gold, according to Greg Johnson - one of the founders of Nova Gold. Read more." Lithium Salares. InvestorIntel. Christopher Ecclestone has written a piece with the depth of knowledge of lithium industry I h... AddThis Smart Layers Legal Disclaimer All content and opinions expressed on this blog are for informational purposes only and reflect the personal opinions of its author. They do not represent an official position of any companies the author is involved with now, has been involved in the past or will be involved in the future. The owner of this blog makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this site or found by following any link on this site. Information in new blog entries may supersede information in old entries such that content found on the site may not be complete or accurate. This site does not constitute investment, legal, tax or other advice, nor is anything on this site a recommendation or solicitation to invest in any security or other instrument, nor is this site intended to be relied upon when making investment or other decisions. The author does not own any content in third parties' articles, news releases, videos or on the links embedded on this blog; any opinions or information provided therein are subject to the disclosure, disclaimers and terms provided by those third parties and are NOT verified, approved or endorsed by the author of this blog in any way.The author is not responsible for the content of any comments that may be made on the site by third parties and will moderate all comments as he is able to do so. There is No intent of any copyright infringement in any way from the author of this blog. I am relying on the Creative Commons in my work and in case any owners of any content provided on this blog would like me NOT to use it, please indicate so in comments immediately. No Liability: No representation, warranty or undertaking, express or implied, is made by this blog, its author or any other person as to the reliability, accuracy or completeness of this site. In no event will the author or any company with which he is associated, or any of such company’s partners, directors, officers or employees be liable to any person for any direct, indirect, special or consequential losses or damages of any kind arising out of any use of this site or in reliance on it from time to time, including without limitation, any loss of profit, business interruption, loss of programs or data on your equipment or otherwise.
2023-08-04T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/3192
Q: Why is this an example of a noninformative prior? From Bayesian Data Analysis 3rd Edition [Gelman et. al], they give this as an example when introducing non-informative priors: "We return to the problem of estimating the mean θ of a normal model with known variance $σ^2$ , with a $N(μ_0 , τ_0^2 )$ prior distribution on $θ$. If the prior precision, $1/τ_0^2$, is small relative to the data precision, $n/σ^2$, then the posterior distribution is approximately as if $τ_0^2 = ∞$: $$p(θ|y) ≈ N(θ|y, σ^2 /n)$$ Putting this another way, the posterior distribution is approximately that which would result from assuming $p(θ)$ is proportional to a constant for $θ ∈ (−∞, ∞)$. Such a distribution is not strictly possible, since the integral of the assumed $p(θ)$ is infinity, which violates the assumption that probabilities sum to 1. In general, we call a prior density $p(θ)$ proper if it does not depend on data and integrates to 1. (If $p(θ)$ integrates to any positive finite value, it is called an unnormalized density and can be renormalized—multiplied by a constant—to integrate to 1.) The prior distribution is improper in this example, but the posterior distribution is proper, given at least one data point." In particular, I don't really understand the bold part. It doesn't look to me like the marginal $p(θ)$ is proportional to a constant. Is my understanding correct that the integral is infinity because if the variance of the posterior is approximately $∞$, then $θ$ is equally likely to be found anywhere, and the pdf is uniform on $(-∞, ∞)$. Also, why is the posterior distribution proper given at least one data point? I don't understand the intuition here A: I cannot really help with the "intuition" but here are some items of explanation: It doesn't look to me like the marginal $p(θ)$ is proportional to a constant. If the posterior $p(\theta|y)$ is approximately $\mathcal N(θ|y, σ^2 /n)$, it means it is approximately equal to the likelihood since $$f(y|\theta)=\frac{\exp(-n\{\theta-y\}^2/2\sigma^2)}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2/n}}=f(\theta|y)$$by symmetry of the Normal density. Thus, $p(\theta|y)\approx f(y|\theta)\propto f(y|\theta)\times c$ where $c$ is an arbitrary constant and by Bayes theorem $$p(\theta)f(y|\theta)\propto p(\theta|y) \propto f(y|\theta)\times c$$ where all the proportionality symbols are in terms of functions of $\theta$ (as $y$ is observed, hence fixed). Is my understanding correct that the integral is infinity because if the variance of the posterior is approximately $∞$, then $θ$ is equally likely to be found anywhere, and the pdf is uniform on $(−∞,∞)$. A positive function with an infinite mass, $$\int p(\theta)\,\text{d}\theta=\infty$$ cannot be interpreted as a probability density. Hence the probability of $\theta$ to be anywhere does not exist if $p(\theta)$ is improper. (It is improperly called a prior since it is not a probability density.) It is also improper to call a constant prior uniform because this is not a Uniform probability distribution. Note that (i) the integral of the function is infinity because it is constant, not because the variance is infinite (as there exist plenty of true probability distributions with an infinite variance). And (ii) the variance of the prior, not the posterior, is infinite, although it is again improper to call it a variance since it is not a true probability distribution. why is the posterior distribution proper given at least one data point? It happens that with this specific improper prior, $p(\theta)=1$, the integral $$\int f(y_1|\theta)\,\text{d}\theta=1$$ is finite. The proof is direct since $f(y_1|\theta)=f(\theta|y_1)$ in this specific case. There exist infinitely other cases that require an arbitrary number $m$ of observations for the posterior to exist. And yet infinitely other cases that never produce posterior distributions, no matter the number of observations. Note also that the very name of noninformative priors is itself debatable.
2024-02-28T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8236
11 December 2008 Flawed Assumptions about the Credit Crisis: A Critical Examination of US Policymakers New York, NY, USA December 11, 2008 US policymakers have implemented an unprecedented range of tools to fight the credit crisis. However, it appears that many of their assumptions regarding the nature of the crisis are not supported, or even flatly contradicted, by the available data. Many measures of lending have actually increased during the crisis and are even at record levels. This reports examines some key assumptions being made by leading US policymakers regarding the credit crisis. In particular, comments made by the two leading policymakers, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke, as well as the secretary of the US Treasury Department, Henry Paulson, are compared with publicly available data. In many cases, it appears that these policymakers’ assumptions regarding the credit crisis are incorrect. Far from seeing a tightening of credit, a number of measures show that credit has expanded, and Celent finds that the lending markets are in surprisingly good health. Data published (in most cases by the Federal Reserve itself) show that: Overall lending by US banks is at a record high and has increased during the credit crisis. Interbank lending is at record highs and has increased during the credit crisis. Consumer credit is at record highs and has increased during the credit crisis. Commercial paper markets are operating within their historical norms. Lending by banks to businesses is at record highs and has been growing rapidly. Municipal bond markets are operating within their historical norms. Deposits at banks have shown a substantial increase since the start of the credit crisis. "It appears that policymakers are making a variety of mistakes regarding the current financial crisis. If that is the case, the policy tools that they are employing may very well be the wrong ones," Octavio Marenzi, head of Celent and author of the report. The 30-page report contains 27 figures. A table of contents is available online. of Celent's research services can download the report electronically by clicking on the icon to the left. Non-members should contact info@celent.com for more information.
2023-08-09T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6371
Using stable isotopes to assess the bioavailability of minerals in food fortification programs. The fortification of various types of food with minerals is often undertaken without consideration of either their bioavailability or the potential nutrient-nutrient interactions resulting from their use. Stable isotopes provide a safe and accessible method of resolving these issues by providing the proper evidence in each case. They must be conducted according to strict safety and ethical guidelines and may be readily conducted in a field setting. Clinical studies in children enable researchers, policymakers, and food manufacturers to obtain the data necessary to determine the best way to fortify specific foods and beverages, in order to optimally enhance the nutritional health of growing children. We have shown the utility of this approach in studies in both developing countries and in the United States.
2024-02-04T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9314
Strengthening the link between policy formulation and implementation of Indigenous health policy directions. This study aimed to understand the problems within the Indigenous health policy process in Australia and how weaknesses in the process impact on policy implementation. Using semi-structured questions, 23 key stakeholders in the policy-making process were interviewed. Three main themes dominated; a need for increased Indigenous involvement in policy formulation at the senior Australian Government level, increased participation of Indigenous community-controlled health organisations in the policy-making process and, most importantly, ensuring that policies have the necessary resources for their implementation. The emergence of these specific themes demonstrated weaknesses in policy process from the formulation stage onward. Tackling these would, according to our informants, significantly enhance the effectiveness of the policy process and contribute to further improvement of the health of Indigenous Australians.
2023-08-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8650
A pediatrician's guide to caring for the complex neonatal intensive care unit graduate. Despite a decreasing trend in premature births, greater numbers of infants born at the limits of viability are surviving to discharge. Most of these infants have complex medical problems requiring multidisciplinary care. These infants are primarily cared for by the general pediatrician, but their needs are quite different from those of a full-term healthy newborn. The paucity of data regarding care for these infants complicates their management after hospital discharge. In this article, the authors present the most current evidence-based practices and provide a guide to the general pediatrician on caring for the complex neonatal intensive care unit graduate.
2023-08-25T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9693
Q: "Ipcalc -n ipv6_addr" command is giving error I am trying to calculate network address of Ip address by using Ipcalc command. when i am using ipcalc -n ipv4 address,then it is running fine and give the network address for the IPv4. But when i am using the same command with ipv6 address, then it is giving some errors. For example $ipcalc -n 192.168.456.52/16 output -->Network=192.168.0.0 --> this output is fine but when i am using $ipcalc -n 2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0001/64 output --> ipcalc: Bad IP address How can i solve this?????. Thanks in advance A: How can i solve this?????. You will have to read the documentation1 for your version of ipcalc for yourself to determine the solution to your problem but my guesses your version of ipcalc does not support IPv6 you need to add the -6 switch (or similar) to advise the program you are providing an IPv6 address. Gravity waves 1 You didn't provide any info about your version of ipcalc or which Distro/OS and version you are using so I can't provide RMAAS for you.
2023-11-08T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6409
Operation Gisela Operation Gisela () was the codename for a German military operation of the Second World War. Gisela was designed as an aerial intruder operation to support the German air defence system in its night battles with RAF Bomber Command during the Defence of the Reich campaign. It was the last major operation launched by the Luftwaffe Nachtjagdgeschwader (Night Fighter Wings) during the conflict. By March 1945 the Luftwaffe had lost air superiority over all fronts. Western Allied Air Forces held air supremacy over the German Reich and remaining German-occupied territory. German industrial cities were now subjected to intensive bombardment which inflicted enormous damage on the German war effort. The United States Army Air Forces attacked by day, while RAF Bomber Command operated by night. Allied armies had also reached the pre-war German territorial borders and now occupied some German towns and cities. In the West the defeat in Normandy and the Allied advance across Western Europe had significant consequences for the Luftwaffe's ability to defend Germany from British night attacks. The Kammhuber Line—German air defence system—which had extended through occupied France, Belgium and the Netherlands was now broken and much of its early warning network had been lost. Along with the battlefield reverses was the inability of the Luftwaffe to produce enough experienced night fighter crews which was exacerbated by the crippling shortage of fuel at this stage in the war which contributed to the collapse of training programs and grounded combat units. Equally serious was the threat posed by RAF de Havilland Mosquito night fighter intruders operating over Germany. To hamper British operations, a number of experienced night fighter commanders and pilots suggested restarting intruder operations over England. In 1940–41, German night fighters, lacking airborne radar sets and a means to locate them over Germany, had flown intruder sorties against British bomber bases to attack RAF bombers as they tried to land. Adolf Hitler had ordered a cessation of these activities for propaganda and practical reasons but these operations had met with reasonable success in 1941 and it was felt they may do so again. Hermann Göring, commander-in-chief of the , sanctioned the operation. The Germans waited for an opportunity to begin the intruder operation and one presented itself on the night of the 3/4 March 1945, when Bomber Command attacked targets in western Germany. The operation failed to achieve the results hoped for; the success of the attacking force were not commensurate with the losses sustained. Background Intruder history German air doctrine had seen little need for the development of an nocturnal night air defence system and the Luftwaffe concentrated on the offensive use of air power. The failure of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain in 1940 ended hopes for an early conclusion of the war. Faced with German domination of the continent, the only weapon the British could use to exert immediate military pressure on Germany was the night bombing operations of RAF Bomber Command. Bomber Command had been forced to operate at night since December 1939 and the Battle of the Heligoland Bight when debilitating losses in daylight forced the RAF to abandon these operations. These raids, though inaccurate and wholly ineffective, were causing embarrassment to the Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe and the second most powerful man in Germany, Reichsmarschall (Imperial Marshal) Hermann Göring, who had once boasted "You may call me Meyer" if enemy bombers ever flew over Germany. He ordered the creation a new force set up on 26 June 1940, to combat the night raids. Göring appointed a respected and experienced pilot, Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) Wolfgang Falck to develop a new organisation and consequently Falck founded Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (Night Fighter Wing 1 or NJG 1). Within a year four more Geschwader (Wings) were founded; Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2), NJG 3 (NJG 3), and NJG 4 (NJG 4). All of these units were in existence by April 1941. To improve the management of the expanding night fighter force, the Erste Nachtjagd Division (1st Night Fighter Division) was established on 17 July 1940, commanded by Oberst (Colonel) Josef Kammhuber. An aggressive commander, Kammhuber founded the Fernnachtjagd, or long-range night fighter intruder force. The nucleus of this force was derived from I./NJG 2 which would remain the only intruder unit. The Germans quickly developed a series of basic tactics for intercepting enemy intruders. The lack of airborne radar at this stage in the war meant finding and destroying Allied bombers at night was a difficult prospect, thus it was decided to use the Fernnachtjagd in operations over Britain. Major Kuhlmann, head of the wireless telegraphy interception service played a significant part in assisting the Luftwaffe night fighter force as did Wolfgang Martini's Luftnachrichtentruppe (Air Signal Corps). Intercepting British signal communications by monitoring the radio traffic of enemy ground stations and aircraft the Germans could determine where and at what airfields RAF night activity was occurring. With the British base identified Falck could then move against them over their own airfields. Three waves could then be deployed; one to attack the bombers as they took off, one to cover the known routes taken by the enemy over the North Sea, and the third to attack them on landing at a time when, after a long flight, enemy crews were tired and much less alert. For operational purposes, Eastern England was divided into four regions or Räume (areas). Raum A was Yorkshire, bounded by Hull, Leeds, Lancaster and Newcastle. Raum B covered the Midlands and Lincolnshire whilst Raum C encompassed East Anglia bounded by London Peterborough, Luton and The Wash. Operations began in earnest in October 1940. While sound in theory, it proved much more difficult in practice. Inexperience told and by December 1940 NGJ 2 had lost 32 aircrew killed in action and 12 aircraft lost in exchange for 18 RAF aircraft claimed shot down. Despite the claims made by German crews, evidence showed a considerable amount of over claiming, and the difficulty in substantiating claims at night and over enemy territory became evident. In 1941, the German night fighter intruders began achieving substantial successes. British ground defences, which had taken their toll on the German units in 1940, were now side-stepped by a decision to shift the area of operations to the North Sea, by the English coast. In June German night fighter units claimed 22 RAF aircraft; 18 over the sea. In July 19 British aircraft were claimed for four losses. By October 1941 British loss records listed 54 aircraft of all types destroyed and a further 44 damaged in these operations to all causes. German losses amounted to 27 destroyed and 31 damaged to all causes. While the number of losses incurred against German night fighters was not significantly large the psychological damage was substantial. A high number of crashes owed much to nervous British bomber pilots who did not feel safe over their own airfields and consequently landed too hard and fast or refused to go around a second time for fear of enemy intruders. Just as it appeared night intruder sorties were showing promise Adolf Hitler ordered a cessation of operations. For propaganda purposes, he thought that the morale of the German people would be better served by seeing British bombers destroyed and wrecked over German territory. Hitler was also reticent owing the fact there had been no noticeable reduction in British air raids and the RAF had not adopted these methods during The Blitz. This order came into effect on 12 October 1941. Kammhuber would unsuccessfully lobby to have intruder operations reinstated and his efforts to expand the intruder force beyond a single unit were thwarted by an uninterested High Command which was inundated with requests for reinforcements in other theatres. Operational situation (1945) Over the next three years the Combined Bomber Offensive had forced the Luftwaffe to invest heavily in air defence. In the campaign against the RAF, the German air defence system, named the Kammhuber Line, had become increasingly sophisticated. In 1942 the introduction of Lichtenstein radar, despite its early teething difficulties, and greater improvements in the armament and capability of German night fighters produced a force capable of inflicting heavy losses on British bomber streams. Though British losses rarely reached more than ten percent of a raid—considered a minimum target to irreparably damage British combat power—the night fighter force grew in size and potency. British losses in the Battle of the Ruhr (March–July 1943) and most notably in the Battle of Berlin (November 1943 – March 1944) reached an all-time high; 569 bombers in the latter campaign. To increase the toll on Allied bombers further, intruder operations restarted briefly in August 1943 and took place intermittently or on the initiative of single crews, since no organised Fernnachtjagd existed after October 1941. Success was still possible. On 22 April 1944 the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) 1st Bombardment Division and 3rd Bombardment Division were returning to England in darkening skies after a daylight raid over Germany. They were attacked by an element of Messerschmitt Me 410 bomber destroyers of Kampfgeschwader 51 (KG 51—Bomber Wing 51) over their bases. Over the next twenty minutes, 10 aircraft, nine of them B-24 Liberators, were shot down and 61 men killed for the loss of only two Me 410s and four airmen. The attack coincided with Operation Steinbock, a bombing and intruder offensive against Greater London and in response to the British offensive against German industrial cities, but the operation was aimed at the British capital rather than British bomber bases. In mid-1944 a series of developments impaired the German night fighter defence permanently. The most serious was the collapse of the German front around Normandy in August. The defeat led to the advance of the Allied armies across France into Belgium and the southern Netherlands. The Kammhuber Line which ran through these countries was eliminated, leaving only the northern portions, in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark intact and exposing the Ruhr. Night fighting over France and Europe was also proving increasingly costly. The RAF consistently struck on moonlit nights and bombers were accompanied by a strong number of long-range de Havilland Mosquito night fighter intruder escorts from No. 100 Group RAF. As a consequence of these developments, and just three months after the German night fighter arm's most successful campaign over Berlin, it was fast becoming an insignificant force. Although numerically stronger and with more formidable aircraft designs than ever before (including the Heinkel He 219), the British were winning the electronics war and had succeeded in jamming German radar and radio communications to the extent German countermeasures were "useless". German SN-2 radar and Naxos radar detector had been negated by new Bomber Command tactics. These tactics resulted from the capture of the sets by the British in July 1944 which allowed the RAF to develop counter-measures. The oil campaign over Romania and against the synthetic oil plants in the Ruhr—in which most oilfields had been destroyed, captured or damaged by 1945—triggered a critical fuel shortage from the autumn of 1944 onwards which denied the Luftwaffe the resources to capitalise on its numerical strength. Paradoxically, production was able to replace the relatively small losses and operational serviceability reached an all-time high since ground crews had more opportunity to work on machines. The Luftwaffe was still capable of taking a toll on Bomber Command on occasion, but unless more powerful radars and communications could be introduced in time it was doubtful British air superiority at night could be challenged. The impotence of the night fighter force as an organisation was demonstrated during the attack on Dresden when the second wave of Allied bombers was hardly opposed. Operation Clarion, launched later that month, was not adequately opposed either. German plan The removal of Kammhuber as commanding officer of night air defences in September 1943 did not prevent further appeals for the reinstatement of intruder operations. His replacement as General der Nachtjagd (General of Night Fighters), was Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General) Joseph Schmid, commanding 1. Jagdkorps (1st Fighter Corps). Schmid had long argued for a repeat of intruder operations and first pressed for their resumption in December 1943. His proposals were rejected by Göring on the grounds that intruder operations were not his business. Schmid did not receive substantive support from other field commanders, most notably Hans-Jürgen Stumpff, who objected to the operation after meeting with Schmid in January and February 1944 on the grounds that Hitler opposed such operations and newer German radar was not to fall into Allied hands. Four months later, attitudes had not changed. Generalmajor Dietrich Peltz, commanding Angriffsführer England (Bomber Leader England) and IX. Fliegerkorps showed little interest in intruder missions either, since his remaining forces were engaged in night attacks against the Allied beachheads in Normandy. In October 1944, he finally won support from Werner Streib, Inspekteur der Nachtjagd (Inspector of Night Fighters) to press for an operation again. The plan was simple; a large force of 600–700 night fighters were to be gathered and sent out in one simultaneous operation. Independently of Schmid's actions, another figure has also been credited with ensuring Gisela took place. Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer—who was to the end the war as the most successful night fighter ace on 121 aerial victories—was said to have attempted to gain support for a like-minded offensive. Schnaufer pursued RAF bombers regularly to the English coast, or least the other side of the frontline. He experienced a lack of British interference beyond German-held territory. He recalled that he could fly around as if it was peace time, since all British jamming and interference stopped immediately once he was in Allied airspace. Schnaufer submitted a proposal to his commander, Walter Grabmann, commanding 3. Jagd-Division (3rd Fighter Division), that an intruder operation be allowed to take place. Schnaufer proposed waiting until the enemy had crossed beyond the lines over the North Sea before attacking them. Grabmann was enthusiastic, and suggested the operation go further and attack the enemy bombers while they were attempting to land in eastern England. Schnaufer also became aware of Schmid's desire for an intruder operation at this time and personally urged him to approach the High Command once more. Hitler was finally convinced of the need to try every possible method to stop Bomber Command's night offensive over Germany. The operation was sanctioned by the OKL in November. Secrecy of the operation was paramount. The problem of preparing a large number of crews produced security fears which was recognised clearly. When crews of NJG 3 and NJG 2 were called to a briefing on Gisela, they were locked behind guarded doors. The crews were told that all available night fighters would participate in an all-out attack against Bomber Command over their airfields in England. The tactical deployment for the operation, they were told, was for two waves of night fighters to cross the coast in the region of Hull. To avoid enemy radar raiders were told to fly at minimum altitude and then climb to 4,500 metres as they reached the coast, generally believed to be the average operating height of British bombers. The Luftwaffe Western Front Intelligence Summary Service prepared dossiers for crews to study. It advised on the layout of British airfields and the lighting systems, such as the Drem system, along with funnel lights and angle of glide indicators. Crews were warned about RAF lighting codes on the control towers which warned RAF bomber crews of a possible intruder in the vicinity. Intelligence breach Unfortunately for the Germans security was breached within weeks. On 1 January 1945, after participating in Operation Bodenplatte to support the German Ardennes Offensive, a Ju 88 (code D5+PT) flown by Unteroffizier (Corporal) Lattoch belonging to 9./NJG 3 landed in Luxembourg in error. Lattoch had been present at the briefing on 1 December 1944 and was taken prisoner of war. He was soon handed over to the intelligence branch of the US Ninth Air Force. He divulged the details of the meeting and this information was passed to the Air Ministry. RAF Fighter Command and Bomber Command attempted to warn all of their airborne units of the potential danger and bomber units were ordered to plan alternate landing sites in the event of an attack on their airfields. All bomber and fighter groups were linked by telephone and ground control passed on all details of intruder operations to pilots including height and heading when they occurred. Station Commands organised blackouts of airfields and pilots could be ordered to switch the navigation lights off at any time. Only the Mosquito groups remained active against intruders, though the majority of these units were supporting Allied operations on the continent. The British propaganda radio station Soldatensender Calais (Soldiers' Radio Calais) was used to conspicuously broadcast to the Germans that they knew about a planned intruder operation. The station did so by playing the contemporary song I dance with Gisela tonight. The operation was suspended repeatedly until the British relaxed vigilance. The operation The British raid At midday on 3 March 1945 teletype messages from Bomber Command Headquarters at RAF High Wycombe began reaching the airfields of RAF squadrons in Eastern England. On this night a planned raid with moderate numbers of bombers was planned over western Germany. A complex plan of feint attacks and diversions to deceive German air defence system were drawn up. The main force was split into two separate groups in the Münster area; No. 4 Group RAF were ordered to destroy the synthetic oil plant at Kamen and No. 5 Group RAF would attempt to eliminate the aqueduct, safety gates, and canal boats on the Dortmund–Ems Canal at Ladbergen. Nearly 5,000 RAF airmen prepared to take part in 817 heavy bombers which were fuelled and armed in the evening. A trigger plan was prepared, which would act as a feint but, this night, Bomber Command amended the feint which was partially compromised by weather conditions. Restrictions on the flight path of the bombers was also changed. Bomber streams were permitted to fly over Ingoldmells Point to Filey; but not over coastal areas where no ground defences were stationed. The route took them downstream to southern England by Reading, and across the English Channel, as the trigger plan required. However, they were then ordered to turn back toward the North Sea. The reason behind this was the low-lying cloud which was ever-present over the continent that night. The clouds made it difficult for pilots to see and steer clear of zones heavily guarded by Allied ground defences near to the frontline. The possibility of losing aircraft to Friendly fire was too great. At 18:00 the first aircraft began to take-off. The first RAF aircraft over Germany were medium bomber variants of the de Havilland Mosquito. No. 8 Group RAF committed 89 to bomb Berlin and Würzburg. The Mosquitos marked the area with target indicators while 64 others dropped 59 tons of bombs. Six Mosquitos marked Würzburg which was then while 24 others each dropped a Blockbuster bomb in a concentrated area east of the river causing a large fire. None of the crews noticed any defence of the target. No. 5 Group RAF and No. 1 Group RAF committed 15 and 16 Avro Lancaster bombers to drop naval mines in Oslo harbour. Around 36 Mark IV and 54 Mark VI mines. One No. 1 Group Lancaster was shot down by a NJG 3 Ju 88 night fighter patrolling the Kattegat near Denmark; Major Werner Husemann achieved his 33rd air victory in this action which was confirmed through British records. No 1 Group claimed a victory against a Ju 88 in return. No. 11 Group sent 12 Handley Page Halifax bombers and four Short Stirlings which formed a Mandrel Screen to jam long-range Freya and Würzburg radar. They patrolled in orbit for 120 minutes over the North Sea. Meanwhile one Mosquito and seven Halifaxes from No. 192 Squadron RAF accompanied No. 4 Group to Kammen while monitoring enemy radio transmissions. Other diversion operations included 40 Lancasters, 19 Halifaxes and 35 Vickers Wellingtons from No. 7 Group RAF flying toward the Frisian Islands. Some aircraft withdrew owing to mechanical difficulties but 91 dropped 3,721 bundles of Window over the North Sea. Five Halifaxes, three B-24 Liberators and eight B-17 Flying Fortress also assisted with jamming operations. The USAAF committed 24 B-24s to bomb Emden in support of the main force. In the final pre-amble to the main attack No. 100 Group committed 10 Halifaxes and six Mosquitos to drop target markers over Meppen to mislead German ground controllers into believing it was the target. The bombers struck Ladbergen, and the canal burst its banks, the safety gates were overwhelmed and canal boats were stranded. The attack lasted just 25 minutes. The jamming operations were effective, but the decision to pack a large number of aircraft into relatively small airspace made it certain that German night fighters would locate some aircraft. At this time, German policy was to commit only Experten to battle as they had the skill and experience to find and shoot down Allied bombers. The first fighters were being vectored onto their targets as the bombs began to fall on Ladbergen. Four pilots claimed all eight of the Lancasters lost on the raid out of an operating force of some 203 bombers. Geschwaderkommodore of NJG 4, Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer claimed two; Hauptmann (Captain) Hermann Greiner claimed three; Hauptmann Josef Kraft claimed two, while Major Martin Drewes claimed one. No. 4 Group attacked Kamen. Mosquitos from No. 8 Group marked the target from . No 8 Group also sent 21 Lancasters to assist. They dropped 98 tons of high explosive which effectively illuminated the synthetic oil plant for the following 181 Halifaxes. Although German night fighters were seen, none attacked the bombers. A total of 690 tons of bombs hit the target area in 10 minutes. The 29 Mosquito night fighters sent by RAF Fighter Command orbited the area in the hope of intercepting any German fighters. Two German night fighters were claimed destroyed and one damaged for no losses. German sources confirm two night fighters destroyed over Germany to enemy aircraft and four damaged. Gisela: German counter-attack Wolfgang Martini's Luftnachrichtentruppe (Air Signal Corps) had already busied themselves with searching the air waves for signs of a British raid. Before the first RAF bombers had taken off, they had already determined that a raid of at least 500 aircraft would take place that night. The Luftwaffe defences were alerted. Shortly afterwards the code word Gisela was issued to fighter units. Some German units did not treat the message with the urgency required. It is likely, after several months, unit officers did not remember the significance of the name and it took time for the crews to recall that it signified the offensive air patrol they were briefed about in late 1944. Crews were given a re-fresher briefing to compensate for the three-month time-gap. They were informed there was a Wind blowing northerly at . A strong front was moving across the North Sea which meant the bombers would fly above it on the return leg. The fighters would have to fly under it, in heavy rain to keep below British radar defences. The first Ju 88s took off at 23:00 and began heading toward the Dutch coast where they dived to sea level and stayed at approximately 50 metres while they flew out to sea. Crews were forbidden to engage enemy aircraft over the North Sea in order to preserve surprise until the last possible moment. The rain and squall assisted crews in judging the location and distance of the water. However, with crews prone to human error, it was decided to use the very accurate FuG 101 radar altimeter and the Ju 88s blind-flying instruments. The strain on the crews was enormous, as a careful vigil was kept on them until the British coast was reached and the pilot began his ascent to the height of the returning bomber stream. As they did so, the Ju 88s released Düppel to obscure the radar of Mosquito fighters. The pilots were then free to begin their attacks. Just after midnight on 4 March 1945, as the bombers crossed over the English coast, a Ju 88 night fighter opened fire on a No. 214 Squadron RAF B-17, returning from a Window patrol. The bomber was damaged but evaded its attacker, landing safely at RAF Oulton. The combat was the opening salvo of Gisela. The station commander at Oulton reported an intruder over his station and soon after radar screens picked up large numbers of hostile aircraft. The headquarters of 100 Group were alerted and a scramble order given to Mosquito squadrons. A "scram" order was also issued to bomber units still airborne; it signified a warning to number crews that intruders were in the vicinity and they were to divert to airfields in western or southern England, and out of danger. The second victim of the night was a Mosquito of No. 169 Squadron RAF which was probably shot down while en route to its alternative landing site. A large number of bombers only began receiving their warning and diversion orders at 00:45 hours. Halifaxes of No. 4 Group were finally alerted at this time. It was too late to prevent the Ju 88s from sighting, and then homing in on a mass of landing lights. Crews from NJG 2 and NJG 4 were able to deliver beam and Schräge Musik attacks against the unwary crews. Pilots that were alerted in time were able to carry out a corkscrew manoeuvre, and evade the attack. Some bombers were able to land but were then subjected to strafing attacks and destroyed though the crews were presented with a greater chance to escape. At RAF Winthorpe the Ju 88s attacked bombers illuminated by the landing lights. Leutnant Arnold Döring of IV./NJG 3 engaged and destroyed two bombers between 01:05 and 01:15 using his Schräge Musik. The British crews that witnessed the action switched off their navigation lights and he did not engage another bomber successfully. Döring had been told not to return with any ammunition so he engaged any targets of opportunity. He shot up a locomotive and set a wagon on fire. During the ten-minute time-frame Döring had claimed his victories, nine bombers had been destroyed. At 01:05 60 of No. 5 Group's Lancasters were still airborne and further losses were incurred against NJG 5 machines. No. 100 Group were searching for intruders in force by 01:30, at which time the intruders had already spent 90 minutes over England. Several Ju 88s were chased out to sea and two were claimed as shot down. Three Ju 88s crashed while making ground attacks on targets of opportunity. Leo Zimmermann of NJG 5 attempted to attack an Air Transport Command B-24 using his Schräge Musik but was spotted. Evasive action by the pilot avoided an attack and the Ju 88 was seen to crash into the ground after its wing tip made contact with the runway. Eight minutes later Heinrich Conze, also of NJG 5, attempted to attack a car driven by Royal Observer Corps member Mr J P Kelway. The Ju 88 struck power lines as it attacked and crashed into the car killing Kelway and the German crew. Over Pocklington Johann Dreher and his crew attempted to attack a landing Halifax and then a taxi that had its headlights on and was travelling along a parallel road near the airfield. Dreher hit some trees as he dived to low-level and all aboard were killed. The crews had the distinction of being the last German airmen to crash on British soil during the war. The most dangerous part of the operation was over by 02:15. The intruders had spent over an hour in British airspace. Now the journey back over the sea to Germany and the Netherlands was undertaken. The British had jammed German radio beacons and switched on others with the same frequency. It was hoped the move would fool German pilots into landing in Britain in error. Experienced pilots did not fall for the ruse. Still, they had to fly over the sea by dead reckoning. A consequence of this showed that while around only five Ju 88s were lost in combat over England, eight crews were missing, three were killed in crash-landings and had died from their injuries, six crews had baled out 11 aircraft crashed or were damaged on landing. German claims Below is likely only an incomplete record of claims submitted by German crews during Gisela. It is certain that some of the crews that did not return from the operation also would have filed claims for air victories. British losses British records list the loss of 15 Handley Page Halifax and 12 Avro Lancaster four-engine bombers which made up the vast majority of casualties. Two Mosquitos were lost, one of which presumably fell in combat. Nine aircraft were listed as damaged. German losses At the time of Gisela, the Ju 88 was the only fighter available in the necessary numbers, with the required range, to reach eastern England and return. As a consequence, all German losses were Ju 88s. Below is a list of German losses during the operation. Aftermath Operation Gisela did not achieve its intended outcome. It did not deliver the mass casualties that Schmid hoped for and it did not disrupt British bombing operations. The very next night, a small-scale repeat-operation was attempted but had made no impact. The size of the German force was less than a quarter of what Schmid had originally hoped could be mustered. One source referred to Gisela as the swansong of the German night fighter force. During the course of the operation, the last German aircraft to be brought down over British soil crashed. Some historians have claimed that had German intruder operations been maintained over Britain in 1941, and thereafter, the British night flying training program, which produced the nucleus of the huge bomber force that operated in 1944–45, could have been halted or disrupted. The decision not to continue intruder operations, in their view, allowed the British to build their bomber force virtually unhindered for over four years. A consequence of an effective German intruder campaign at this time may have given the Luftwaffe night fighter defences an unassailable lead in the night war, and may have stopped, or diminished, the effectiveness of British bombing operations. This omission could be regarded as one of the major errors made by the OKL concerning the air defence of Germany. In the last eight weeks of the war the bombing intensified until British bombing operations were suspended in late April 1945. By this time, most of the German airfields were under threat from the advancing Allied ground forces and the mass surrender of the Nachtjagd was taking place. Footnotes Bibliography Aders, Gebhard (1978). History of the German Night Fighter Force, 1917–1945. Janes Publishing, London. Balss, Michael (1999). Deutsche Nachtjagd: Materialverluste in Ausbildung un Einsatz, Ergänzungen zu Personalverlusten in Ausbildung und Einsatz. VDM Heinz Nickel, Zweibrücken. . Boiten, Theo (1997). Nachtjagd: The Night Fighter versus Bomber War over the Third Reich, 1939–45. Crowood Press, London. Boiten, Theo (1999). Night War: Personal Recollections of the Conflict over Europe, 1939–1945. Crowood Press, London. Bowman, Martin (2006). 100 Group (Bomber Support): RAF Bomber Command in World War II. Pen & Sword Aviation, London. Bright, Paul (2005). Air War Over East Yorkshire in World War II. Flight Recorder, Yorkshire. Cooper, Alan (2013). Bomber over Berlin: The RAF Offensive, November 1943 – March 1944. Pen & Sword, London. Connelly, Mark (2001). Reaching for the Stars: A New History of Bomber Command of World War II. Tauris & Co. Chorley (1992). RAF Bomber Command Losses of the Second World War: 1945. Midland Publishing, London. Goodrum, Alastair (2005). No Place for Chivalry: RAF Night Fighters Defend the East of England Against the German Air Force in Two World Wars. Grub Street London. Hinchliffe, Peter (1999). Schnaufer: Ace of Diamonds. Brimscombe Port, UK: Tempus. . Hooton, E. R. (1997). Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe. Arms & Armour Press. 1997. Hooton, E. R. (1997). Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe. Arms & Armour Press. 1997. Hooton, E. R. (2010). The Luftwaffe: A Study in Air Power, 1933–1945. Classic Publications, London. Macky, Ron (2010). The Last Blitz: Operation Steinbock, the Luftwaffe's Last Blitz on Britain — January to May 1944. Red Kite. McLachlan, Ian (2010). Night of the Intruders:First-Hand Accounts Chronicling the Slaughter of Homeward Bound USAAF Mission 311. Pen & Sword Books, London. Murray, Williamson (1983). Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933–1945. Maxwell AFB: Air University Press. . National Archives (2000.) The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force, 1933–1945. Nauroth, Holger and Held, Werner (1982). The defence of the Reich: Hitler's Nightfighter Planes and Pilots. Arms and Armour. London. Nauroth, Holger and Held, Werner (2006). Die Deutsche Nachtjagd: Bildchronik der deutschen Nachtjäger bis 1945. Verlagshaus GmbH, Würzburg. Norman, Bill (2001). Broken Eagles: Luftwaffe Losses Over Yorkshire, 1939–1945. Pen & Sword Books, London. Parry, Simon (2003). Intruders over Britain: The Luftwaffe Night Fighter Offensive 1940 to 1945. Air Research Publications, England. . Ramsey, Winston (1990). The Blitz Then and Now Volume 3. After the Battle, London. Usherwood, Mike (1998). RAF Pocklington and RAF Elvington War Diaries: A Wartime Record of Heavy Bomber Operations. Compaid Graphics, Cheshire. Williams, David (2011). Night Fighters: Hunters of the Reich. Spellmount, London. Category:Conflicts in 1945 Category:1945 in the United Kingdom Category:Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving Germany Category:Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom Category:Battles of World War II involving Germany Category:World War II aerial operations and battles of the Western European Theatre Category:Military operations of World War II involving Germany Category:March 1945 events
2024-01-23T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/3586
[Indication, management and problems of cardiac transplantation]. Cardiac transplantation (HTx) remains one of the most important options for the management of end stage heart failure which is treated with optimal medical therapy. Evolving surgical techniques (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)) and mechanical device-therapie (ventricular assist devices (VAD)) and medical therapies have yielded incremental improvements in outcomes. These alternatives to HTx, however, usually only postpone the occurrence of the final end stage situation. This explains why HTx remains the last option for a substantial number of especially younger severe heart failure patients with upcoming renal failure. It is very recommendable to refer such kind of patients to university-based and specialized advanced heart failure and cardiac transplant centers, in time. This allows the introduction of optimal medical therapy, the careful medical and psychological evaluation and preparation of the considered HTx, as well as the full information procedure which has to be delivered to HTx candidates. HTx candidates should be aware about outcome numbers, medication toxicities, complications of immunosuppression, as well as the ever-present threat of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, infections and neoplasias after HTx.
2024-03-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5538
634 F.2d 1358 204 U.S.App.D.C. 3 Cockrumv.Harris No. 79-1751, 79-1752, 79-1937 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit 9/15/80 D.C.D.C., 475 F.Supp. 1222 REMANDED
2024-03-12T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5051
Inflammation Inflammation is a response of vascularized tissues to infection or injury and is affected by adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial cells of blood vessels and their infiltration into the surrounding tissues. In normal inflammation, infiltrating leukocytes release toxic mediators to kill invading organisms, phagocytize debris and dead cells, and play a role in tissue repair and the immune response. However, in pathologic inflammation, infiltrating leukocytes are over-responsive and can cause serious or fatal damage. See, e.g., Hickey, Psychoneuroimmunology II (Academic Press 1990). The integrins are a family of cell-surface glycoproteins involved in cell-adhesion, immune cell migration and activation. Alpha-4 (α4) integrin is expressed by all circulating leukocytes except neutrophils, and forms heterodimeric receptors in conjunction with either the beta1 (β1) or beta7 (β7) integrin subunits. Both alpha-4 beta-1 (α4β1) and alpha-4 beta-7 (α4β7) play a role in the migration of leukocytes across the vascular endothelium (Springer et al., Cell, 1994 76: 301-14; Butcher et al., Science, 1996, 272: 60-6) and contribute to cell activation and survival within the parenchyma (Damle et al., J. Immunol., 1993; 151: 2368-79; Koopman et al., J. Immunol., 1994, 152: 3760-7; Leussink et al., Acta Neuropathol., 2002, 103: 131-136). α4β1 is constitutively expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. α4β1 (also known as very late antigen-4, VLA-4), binds to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (Lobb et al., J. Clin. Invest., 1994, 94: 1722-8), which is expressed by the vascular endothelium at many sites of chronic inflammation (Bevilacqua et al., 1993 Annu. Rev. Immunol., 11: 767-804; Postigo et al., 1993 Res. Immunol., 144: 723-35). α4β1 has other ligands, including fibronectin and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Intercellular adhesion mediated by α4β1 and other cell surface receptors is associated with a number of inflammatory responses. At the site of an injury or other inflammatory stimulus, activated vascular endothelial cells express molecules that are adhesive for leukocytes. The mechanics of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells involves, in part, the recognition and binding of cell surface receptors on leukocytes to the corresponding cell surface molecules on endothelial cells. Once bound, the leukocytes migrate across the blood vessel wall to enter the injured site and release chemical mediators to combat infection. Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (“RA”) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function, primarily the joints. RA is estimated to affect approximately 1 percent of the world's population. In the U.S. alone, an estimated 2.1 million people suffer from the disease. This relatively high frequency suggests a complex etiology and pathogenesis. The disease process leading to RA begins in the synovium, the membrane that surrounds a joint creating a protective sac. In healthy individuals, the synovium produces synovial fluid that lubricates, nourishes and protects joint tissues. This clear fluid lubricates and nourishes the cartilage and bones inside the joint capsule. In individuals suffering from RA, the immune system, for unknown reasons, attacks the cells inside synovium. Leukocytes infiltrate from the circulation into the synovium causing continuous abnormal inflammation (i.e., synovitis). Consequently, the synovium becomes inflamed, causing warmth, redness, swelling, and pain. The collagen in the cartilage is gradually destroyed, narrowing the joint space and eventually damaging bone. The inflammation causes erosive bone damage in the affected area. During this process, the cells of the synovium grow and divide abnormally, making the normally thin synovium thick and resulting in a joint that is swollen and puffy to the touch. See, e.g., Paul, Immunology (3d ed., Raven Press, 1993). It is believed that bone damage begins during the first year or two that a person has the disease. This is one reason why early diagnosis and treatment are important in the management of RA. As the disease progresses, abnormal synovial cells begin to invade and destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint. The surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons that support and stabilize the joint become weak and unable to work normally. RA also causes more generalized bone loss that may lead to osteoporosis, making bones fragile and more prone to fracture. All of these effects cause the pain, impairment and deformities associated with RA. Although RA almost always develops in the wrists and knuckes, some patients experience the effects of the disease in places other than the joints. For instance, the knees and the ball of the foot are often affected as well. Often, many joints may be involved, and even the spine can be affected. In about 25% of people with RA, inflammation of small blood vessels can cause rheumatoid nodules, or lumps, under the skin. These are bumps under the skin that often form close to the joints. As the disease progresses, fluid may also accumulate, particularly in the ankles. Many patients with RA also develop anemia, or a decrease in the normal number of red blood cells. Other less prevalent effects include neck pain, dry eyes and dry mouth. On rare occasions, patients may also develop inflammation of the-blood vessels, the lining of the lungs, or the sac enclosing the heart. RA has several special features that differentiate it from other types of arthritis. For example, RA generally occurs in a symmetrical pattern—if one knee or hand is involved, the other one is also. The disease often affects the wrist joints and the finger joints closest to the hand. RA usually first affects the small joints of the hands and feet, but may also involve the wrists, elbows, ankles and knees. It can also affect other parts of the body besides the joints. In addition, patients with the disease may have fatigue, occasional fever, and a general sense of not feeling well (malaise). Another distinct feature of RA is the variance between individuals. For some, it lasts only a few months or a year or two and subsides without causing any noticeable damage. Other people have mild or moderate disease, with periods of worsening symptoms (flares) and periods in which they feel better (remissions). In severe cases, the disease is chronically active most of the time, lasting for many years, and leading to serious joint damage and disability. RA encompasses a number of disease subtypes, such as Felty's syndrome, seronegative RA, “classical” RA, progressive and/or relapsing RA, and RA with vasculitis. Some experts classify the disease into type 1 or type 2. Type 1, the less common form, lasts a few months at most and leaves no permanent disability. Type 2 is chronic and lasts for years, sometimes for life. RA is believed to be one of several “autoimmune” diseases (“auto” means self), so-called because a person's immune system attacks his or her own body tissues. Although much has been learned about the process leading to RA, researchers have yet to uncover all of the factors that lead to this disease. One prevalent theory is that a combination of factors trigger RA, including an abnormal autoimmune response, genetic susceptibility, environmental, biologic factors, hormonal, and reproductive factors. Nonetheless, despite intensive research, the cause of RA remains obscure. See El-Gabalawy et al., ARTHRITIS RES. 4(suppl 3):S297-S301 (2002). RA occurs across all races and ethnic groups. Although the disease often begins in middle age and occurs with increased frequency in older people, children and young adults may also develop juvenile RA. Like other forms of arthritis, RA exhibits a clear gender bias: approximatley two to three times as many women as men have the disease (Lawrence et al., Arthritis Rheum., 1998, 41:778-799). However, a genetic predisposition has been identified and, in white populations, localized to a pentapeptide in the HLA-DR1 locus of class II histocompatibility genes. Environmental factors may also play a role. Immunologic changes may be initiated by multiple factors. Prominent immunologic abnormalities that may be important in pathogenesis include immune complexes found in joint fluid cells and in vasculitis. Plasma cells produce antibodies that contribute to these complexes. Lymphocytes that infiltrate the synovial tissue are primarily T helper cells, which can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased adhesion molecules contribute to inflammatory cell emigration and retention in the synovial tissue. The onset is usually insidious, with progressive joint involvement, but may be abrupt, with simultaneous inflammation in multiple joints. Tenderness in nearly all inflamed joints and synovial thickening are common. Initial manifestations may occur in any joint. Stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes on arising in the morning or after prolonged inactivity is common. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules are not usually an early manifestation. Visceral nodules, vasculitis causing leg ulcers or mononeuritis multiplex, pleural or pericardial effusions, lymphadenopathy, Felty's syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, and episcleritis are other manifestations. As many as 75% of patients improve symptomatically with conservative treatment during the first year of disease. However, less than 10% are eventually severely disabled despite full treatment. The disease greatly affects the lives of most RA patients. Complete bed rest is occasionally indicated for a short period during the most active, painful stage of severe disease. In less severe cases, regular rest should be prescribed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may provide important symptomatic relief and may be adequate as simple therapy for mild RA, but they do not appear to alter the long-term course of disease. Salicylates, such as aspirin, may be used for treatment. Gold compounds usually are given in addition to salicylates or other NSAIDs if the latter do not sufficiently relieve pain or suppress active joint inflammation. In some patients, gold may produce clinical remission and decrease the formation of new bony erosions. Parenteral preparations include gold sodium thiomalate or gold thioglucose. Gold should be discontinued when any of the above manifestations appear. Minor toxic manifestations (e.g., mild pruritus, minor rash) may be eliminated by temporarily withholding gold therapy, then resuming it cautiously about 2 wk after symptoms have subsided. However, if toxic symptoms progress, gold should be withheld and the patient given a corticosteroid. A topical corticosteroid or oral prednisone 15 to 20 mg/day in divided doses is given for mild gold dermatitis; larger doses may be needed for hematologic complications. A gold chelating drug, dimercaprol 2.5 mg/kg IM, may be given up to four to six times/day for the first 2 days and bid for 5 to 7 days after a severe gold reaction. Hydroxychloroquine can also control symptoms of mild or moderately active RA. Toxic effects usually are mild and include dermatitis, myopathy, and generally reversible corneal opacity. However, irreversible retinal degeneration has been reported. Sulfasalazine may also be used for treatment of RA. Oral penicillamine may have a benefit similar to gold and may be used in some cases if gold fails or produces toxicity in patients with active RA. Side effects requiring discontinuation are more common than with gold and include marrow suppression, proteinuria, nephrosis, other serious toxic effects (eg, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, Goodpasture's syndrome, polymyositis, a lupuslike syndrome), rash, and a foul taste. Steroids are the most effective short-term anti-inflammatory drugs. However, their clinical benefit for RA often diminishes with time. Steroids do not predictably prevent the progression of joint destruction. Furthermore, severe rebound follows the withdrawal of corticosteroids in active disease. Contraindications to steroid use include peptic ulcer, hypertension, untreated infections, diabetes mellitus, and glaucoma. Immunosuppressive drugs are increasingly used in management of severe, active RA. However, major side effects can occur, including liver disease, pneumonitis, bone marrow suppression, and, after long-term use of azathioprine and malignancy. Whatever may be the actual cause, there is no cure for RA, and although the disease is not fatal, disease complications and symptoms may persist throughout an individual's lifetime, and may even shorten survival by a few years. Affected joints may become deformed, and the performance of even ordinary tasks may be very difficult or impossible.
2024-02-08T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6394
Q: parameter passing with sqlite.execSQL function in android i want use an insert or replace query, here i m giving the code that i have String sql="insert or replace into Stock_Table values (?,?,?,?,?,?)"; sqlite.execSQL(sql, new String[]{id,name,code,vat,itmquan,pric}); now i want to additionally insert one more field into this table but that field is not string its a byte array format, i want to add an image into this table, i given the data type for this image as BLOB in table, but i cant able to pass byte array format as a parameter into the above sqlite.execsql func, here i m giving the format that i want to insert byte []byteImage; String sql="insert or replace into Stock_Table values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"; sqlite.execSQL(sql, new String[]{id,name,code,vat,itmquan,pric,byteImage}); how can i make it possible, i cannot able to convert this byte array into string i want to insert image as BLOB format only, please help me to find any solution A: Use a variant of the insert method, which takes a ContentValues object, which allows you to use a byte array directly: byte[] byteImage; ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); cv.put("id", id); // ... cv.put("blobcolumn", byteImage); sqlite.insertWithOnConflict("Stock_Table", null, cv, SQLiteDatabase.CONFLICT_REPLACE);
2024-03-22T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5499
Palestinians in illegally besieged Gaza were demonstrating in droves today to mark 6 months since the Great March of Return was launched. So how did ‘Israel’ react? The same way it’s been reacting for that very 180-day time frame: With a massacre. IOF snipers and artillery units unleashed an unholy barrage of live ammunition on the protesters demanding an end to the barbaric Zio-siege on the Strip, wounding over 250 innocents and martyring 7, including two children–11-year old Nasser Azmi Khalil Musbeh, who was shot in the head just east of Khan Younis, and 14-year old Muhammad Nayef Yousuf al-Houm, who was shot in the chest not too far from Boureij. 25-year old Muhammad Ashraf al-Awawdeh was also killed in Boureij and Khan Younis saw another martyr in Muhammad Ali Muhammad Inshasi, just 18 years old, who bled out after being hit in the stomach. Iyad Khalil Ahmad al-Shaer was only 18 too. He was clipped in the chest in Gaza City, which also witnessed 24-year old Muhammad Bassam Muhammad Shakhsa and 32-year old Muhammad Walid Haniyeh joining the brigade of Shouhada after IOF shot each of them in the face. Continue reading With Zion Slaughtering 7 More Palestinians In Gaza Today, Including 2 Children, Let Us Declare The “One State Solution” Dead→ Muharram, the Islamic calendar’s pinnacle of heartbreak, is upon us. Its first ten days, culminating on Ashoura–when the Holy Prophet Muhammad’s (S.A.W.W.) grandson Imam Hussein (A.S.) was butchered and beheaded by the bloodthirsty, psychopathic tyrant Yazid’s (L.A.) accursed mercenary Shimr (L.A.) on the sands of Karbala in 680 A.D.–are the most excruciating of all. There are many a story to be told about what took place on Iraq’s bloodied southern battlefields 1,338 years ago. From the brave ones like Jawn Ibn Huway’s (A.S.) angelic cries of poetry amidst the fight along with Abis ibn Shabib al-Shakiri (A.S.) taking off his armor and confronting the traitors of Kufa head on… To the melancholy ones like Ali Asghar’s (A.S.) tiny body being pierced with an arrow as well as the unspeakable repression of Lady Zaynab (A.S.) in the aftermath of the slaughter. But in this current climate, one that stands out in a rather massive way is Imam Hussein (A.S.) dying thirsty. That Yazid (L.A.) allowed the Chief of the Youth of Paradise (A.S.)–who Muhammad al-Moustafa (S.A.W.W.) loved like his very own son and who said of him, “Whoever loves Hussein loves me, whoever is against Hussein is against me”–to be denied water, shows you how malevolent, despotic and rotten at the core he was. Continue reading With Muharram Upon Us, We Recall Imam Hussein’s (A.S.) Thirst And We Fight For Gaza And Yemen→ More than a bit anomalous for a wordsmith to utter this sort of sentiment but sometimes even the oldest, most mineral-rich rivers dry up… And as of this moment, I am out of words. After ‘Israel’ bombed illegally besieged Gaza on Thursday and murdered 18-month old Palestinian toddler Bayan Khamash and her 23-year old mother Inas, who was also 9 months pregnant and set to give birth any day… I’m simply… Out. There won’t be an essay filled with myriad transhistorical references to Jewish supremacist evil. There won’t be any military/geopolitical analysis about the imminent and inevitable demise of the Zionist project. There won’t be invocations of past martyrs or past crimes of the artificial Jewish “state”. There just won’t. Because it’s not necessary. Look at her image on the coffin – JUST LOOK AT HER – and ask yourself the following questions: Does an entity that prides itself on slaughtering babies like Bayan deserve “legitimacy”? Does an entity that views pregnant women like Bayan’s mother Inas as fair game for its occupation army deserve “peace”? And does such an entity that engages in such barbarity even deserve to exist? Continue reading No End To ‘Israeli’ Barbarity: 18-Month Old Bayan Khamash and Her Pregnant Mother Inas Slaughtered By IOF In Gaza→ Fuck ‘Israel’. And fuck every Zionist Jew, “Christian” Zionist and “Muslim” collaborator seeking to preserve this vile scourge putrefying the globe with every passing moment it illegitimately exists. Rest in power, peace and perfect pulchritude to Palestinian teenagers Amir al-Nimra (15) and Louay Kahil (16), who were murdered on Saturday evening when the usurping Jewish entity’s warplanes screeched over the besieged Gaza Strip and bombed Al-Katiba Square. Amir and Louay, like most kids in the area, frequent that particular place because it is where everyone goes to play games, take hikes, eat and shop a little bit. That’s what they were doing when the “chosen” missiles fired from the “chosen” F-16s exploded and stole the life from their bodies: PLAYING. The Zionist terror attack also wounded 15 other Palestinians, destroyed one ambulance and badly damaged 9 other ambulances, 3 medical transport trucks, 2 civilian transport vehicles and several administrative offices related to medical emergencies and transportation. Continue reading The Barbarity Of Zionism: ‘Israel’ Murders Two Palestinian Teenagers While They Play In Besieged Gaza→ I rhymed about this tyrant for my 2014 debut “Enemy Of The Entity” in a joint called “F*** The Pharaoh”. I took a shot at him on my July 2015 record “Son of Kufa Vol. 1: Rise Of The Anomaly” in my single “Counter-Hegemony”. Ripped the despot once more for the new album, “Felicity Of The Oppressed”, in a gem called “Pharaoh Must Go”. Done numerous Mouqawamah Music Mask of Zion Report programs on him for The Ugly Truth. None of it is enough though. This despotic devil cannot be condemned, insulted, torn apart and verbally assaulted enough. Continue reading Death To The Zionist-Serving, Saudi-Owned Sisi Regime In Cairo→ Iran and Hamas have almost mended their relationship, even though Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal has yet to visit Tehran. The two sides held long discussions in the last few days, which culminated with the Hamas delegation passing on the requests of their military wing, the al-Qassam Brigades. These included requests for supplies of Iranian weapons in preparation for any future conflicts. Hamas’ political experience with the so-called “moderate Arabs,” and those close to the Muslim Brotherhood, has shown that Iranian support for the Palestinian cause and resistance to the Israeli occupation is more consistent. According to Hamas leaders, the last Israeli attack on Gaza — the third in six years — showed that the axis of Arab moderates, with which the organization tried to establish closer relations, stood against Hamas during the war. Continue reading Hamas About To Officially Return to the Resistance Axis→
2024-02-01T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/9367
The goals of the Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases are: (1) to provide accessible monkey models to the research community in which to evaluate the safety and efficiency of gene therapy strategies as they emerge;and (2) to provide NHLBI-funded investigators with essential expertise, resources, and services to actively pursue gene transfer approaches in monkeys in their research programs. The overriding objective of this renewal is to continue to fulfill our Center mission of providing essential services to investigators to explore crucial issues in gene delivery in a relevant preclinical nonhuman primate model. The success of our outreach program, research and service accomplishments, and support from the greater research community demonstrates the importance of this Center and the need for the services we provide to advance the field of gene therapy for the treatment of human disease. We have funded investigators annually through a competitive process and provided extensive services and training. We have also explored a series of basic questions in fetal gene delivery essential to the field. Our Objectives and Specific Aims for the next funding period include Objective 1, to focus on providing expertise and specialized services to NHLBI-funded investigators for the study of gene-based approaches in monkeys for the treatment of human disease. Specific Aim 1 addresses the Center administrative structure and dissemination of information, and Specific Aim 2 highlights the expertise, services, and resources we will provide to NHLBI-funded investigators who wish to evaluate their viral and non-viral gene transfer strategies in monkeys. In Objective 2, we will evaluate the efficiency and safety of recombinant viral vector systems (lentivirus, AAV) in transferring genes into fetal monkeys for the treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases. These studies will be performed to expand our capabilities and provide more research opportunities for investigators. Specific Aim 1 focuses on correlative in vivo imaging techniques for monitoring gene expression long-term, and Specific Aim 2 focuses on methods to assess safety. The Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer is unique in the ability to address essential questions in gene delivery in fetal, infant, and juvenile nonhuman primates, and has consistently provided investigators with extensive opportunities to advance the development of promising new therapies for the treatment of human diseases.
2023-09-12T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/8141
1. Field of Invention This invention relates to electrical power adapters, and more particularly to an automatic polymer adapter for supplying electrical power to a marine vessel or vehicle load from a pair of combined lower amperage capacity sources. The power sources can be selectively and automatically electrically connected and applied to the load to increase the current capacity depending on the sensed configuration and phase alignment of the input power sources. 2. Description of the Prior Art The prior art addresses the application of land or dock electrical power sources to marine vessels. When marine craft are moored alongside a dock or seawall electrical power is usually, supplied from shore side power sources that may have circuits with lower amperage capacities than the craft requires. It is common practice to use adapters of various types to collect two lower amperage circuits into one higher amperage circuit. The most basic type of adapters have no safety provisions, such as protecting the exposed blades of an unattached plug which can cause dangerous shocks and burns, or protection against incorrect phase matching of the shore side power connections, which can result in shorts, blown fuses and/or tripped circuit breakers. Some phase-sensing units do have the capabilities to avoid the potential safe hazards and shorts, but if the phases are not aligned properly at the shore-side power supplies the units will not be enabled and will not allow power to pass through or be supplied to the craft without the requirement of additional adapters, or alternatively rewiring the shore-side power supplies. Some existing phase-sensing units may have capabilities to switch the phases manually, but not automatically through circuitry set forth in the instant inventions. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,204,243 issued to Ross is entitled “Polarity Indicating and Reversing Unit”, and discloses an adapter device which senses and indicates a reverse polarity condition for internal wiring at a power supply or load, such as an appliance, tool, mobile home, trailer or extension cord. The device is also used to connect two two-wire plus ground power supply lines each having a neutral and a hot, inlet conductor to a single three-wire plus ground load line having a common neutral and two hot outlet conductors. However, once an undesired polarity condition is detected, an operator must utilize one of two manual switches to reverse the polarity of either of the inlet lines to a common outlet line. The unit also has an automatic disconnect feature to electrically disconnect either of the inlet plugs from the unit when a power supply line is not connected to that inlet plug, but will allow operation when one plug is connected. U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,852 issued to Charles et al. is entitled “Power Adapter”, and teaches a circuit design used to connect a marine vessel or other mobile electrical load to stationary power sources including those provided on power supply pedestals in marinas. This adapter is used to connect a pair of 120 volt sources to a higher voltage load, such as a 240 volt load used on many boats. This design includes an isolation circuit to avoid electrical shock, and a pair of diode bridge networks. A sensing means within this adapter determines if the power sources are in proper relationship, such as out-of-phase 120 volt supplies for summing voltage or in phase supplies for summing current. If the predetermined proper relationship is established, an output means is driven and enabled for electrical connection to the load. However, if a proper relationship in not determined, the adapter is disabled, and no output is generated to the load. Indicator lights are used to indicate a fault condition to the user, as well as the nature of the problem. The adapter does not correct or compensate for improper phase relationships, and simply prevents operation of the unit. The user is left to correct the problems through rewiring of sources, use of additional adapters or the like. U.S. Pat. No. 5,245 219 issued to Romatzick, Jr. et al is entitled “Marine Power Y-Adapter”, and discloses a Y adapter for interfacing with a dockside power center having two conventional receptacles and having two three-pole plugs and a third four-pole plug for connecting to the load/marine vessel, the latter being phase conductors L1 and L2 along with neutral and ground conductors. This device is disabled if one dockside male plug is not inserted into a receptacle or is removed. The Y adapter also supplies voltage equal to the sum of the input voltages to the vessel when the sensor and control means is responsive to a pre-determined difference in voltage between phase conductors. If the phases or polarities sensed are not proper, or if there is an improper wiring condition at the dockside receptacles, the adapter indicates a fault condition and does not pass voltage to the output connector or marine vessel. Although the user is alerted to the incompatible conditions and lack of power to the vessel, the Y adapter does not correct or compensate for the problems or improper wiring. Re-wiring or the use of separate equipment is required. Lastly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,857 is to Charles et al., is entitled “Portable Power Adapter”, and depicts circuit designs for connecting a 240 volt load/marine vessel to a pair of 120 volt sources such as those provided in marinas. The circuitry includes isolation means for isolating the input connectors from one another during connection operation, sensing means for determining that the sources are in proper phase relationship, and summing means for providing the multiple power inputs to a driven load. The adapter disclosed protects the operator and advises as to the operability and status of the adapter and connections when predetermined conditions are satisfied If conditions are not met, indicating improper phase relationships, voltages, polarity, tripped breakers or the like the adapter indicates it's inoperative and fault detection status. In this mode, power is not supplied to the output of the adapters or to the marine vessel. Although the nature of the problem is indicated in part as with other prior art devices, this adapter and circuitry does not contain any internal components capable of automatically correcting, the problems, compensating for phase relationships or mis-wiring, aid summing the amperage in a desired fashion to remain operable and power the craft. The automatic power adapter of the instant invention has protective features to safely avoid shocks and burns, to sense the alignment of all phases, and to automatically and internally align the phases if necessary, and connect the circuits correctly without any additional switches or adapters. It is therefore an object and feature of the instant inventions to provide a power adapter which can pass through independent voltage and current input sources, automatically detecting and compensating for any necessary, phase alignments, and summing the amperage available for output to a load or marine vessel. It is further an object and feature of the instant inventions to provide an automatic power adapter which is responsive to a variety of different wiring phase, voltage, polarity or circuit breaker conditions of two input power sources, automatically, compensate and take corrective actions to maintain proper voltage and sum current capacity, and provide a single desired output without any actions required on the part of an operator or user. It is further an object and feature of the instant inventions to provide a heavy duty automatic power adapter for large load maine vessels which incorporates inherent safety features, provides status indicators eliminates the need for auxiliary equipment or adapters, and is cost effective to manufacture and is operationally efficient. Finally, it is desirable to provide and automatic power adapter having all of the objects and features mentioned above.
2024-06-29T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/2840
This invention relates to an endoscopic procedure for retrieving objects such as polyps from inside patients. This invention also relates to an associated endoscopic instrument assembly. In a conventional polyp retrieval operation, an endoscope is inserted into an internal cavity of a patient, e.g., into the colon, and is used to visually identify and locate the polyp in the internal cavity. Upon the identification of the polyp or other growth which is to be removed, a wire extending through a tube in the biopsy channel of the endoscope is slid in the distal direction so that a cauterization loop connected to the wire is ejected from the distal end of the tube and the endoscope. The loop and the endoscope are manipulated from outside of the patient to pass the loop over the polyp or growth. The wire is then withdrawn in the proximal direction to tighten the loop around a base region or neck of the polyp. Once the loop is in contact with the base region of the polyp, an electrical current is conducted through the loop via the wire. Generally, as the loop is closed about the base region of the polyp, electrical current is transmitted through the narrowed organic tissues and thereby generates therein heat sufficiently great to cut and cauterize. Once a polyp is severed by such a snare cauterization technique, it frequently becomes difficult to capture the polyp and retrieve it from the patient. Sometimes the cauterization loop is used in an effort to ensnare the polyp. Other capture techniques involve the use of forceps or the application of suction. In using forceps, the snare cauterization tube is removed from the biopsy channel of the endoscope and replaced with the forceps. In using suction, a vacuum is applied via a suction channel of the endoscope. No matter which specific technique is used, the polyp frequently escapes from the capturing instrumentality and falls away into the colon (or other cavity). Especially in cases where the polyp is large, the effort and time expended in retrieving the severed polyp may rival or even exceed the effort and time required to locate and sever the polyp. In extreme cases, the endoscope must be removed without the polyp and the patient given an enema in an attempt to flush out the polyp from the colon. Furthermore, there are numerous cases where a severed polyp is never recovered. Sometimes, the polyp is masserated during the retrieval attempt. In all such cases, the pathologist is unable to determine whether the polyp contains carcinoma in situ (localized) or infiltrative carcinoma (spread). The patient must then undergo a colon ressection, sometimes unnecessarily. In any event, the manipulations necessary to remove a severed polyp generally increase the trauma to the patient, the expense of the surgery and the hospitalization time. There is now a long-felt need to improve the snare cauterization technique to facilitate the capture and retrieval of severed polyps. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,201,740 and 5,190,542 to Nakao and Wilk disclose a cauterization loop with an attached capture pocket. Such a snare assembly represents a significant advance in the art and evidently solves all of the problems inherent in polyp retrieval. However, it appears that there is some rooom in the industry for an alternative method for snare retrieval.
2023-11-14T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/6690
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Description Screenshots Promo Images Trailer Alternate Titles "辐射2" -- Simplified Chinese spelling "異塵餘生2" -- Traditional Chinese spelling "Fallout 2: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game" -- Tag-lined title Part of the Following Groups User Reviews Critic Reviews Forums Trivia Bess Censorship The sequel to Fallout starts eighty years after its predecessor. When the First Vault Dweller was forced from his home, he walked north until he found some new friends and founded a tribe in a suitable place. But some years after his death, the tribe is dying. The Elders decide that one of the tribe members, the "Chosen One", must find the salvation, a universal tool called G.E.C.K. (short for "Garden of Eden Creation Kit"). Sadly, the hero's only clue are the ancient disks the Vault Dweller has left, and the only equipment are his clothes and PipBoy. With courage and determination the proclaimed Chosen One leaves to save his village, unaware of the consequences his actions will carry.Visually and gameplay-wise,is very similar to its predecessor. Combat and character growth are handled the same way, using the S.P.E.C.I.A.L. attribute system and relying on skills to customize the protagonist. The sequel's environments are more vast than in the first game, with more non-playable characters populating it. There are more varied dialogue options and ethical choices presented to the player during the course of the game, as well as new weapons, armor, enemies, and a few minor gameplay additions, such as a car the protagonist can drive.Gameplay-related changes mostly involve the player character's companions. Characters who join the party can now level up, equip armor, and follow specific strategies, as opposed to the almost complete lack of control over party members in the first game. Some characters are also harder to recruit, requiring specific quests to be solved or a certain Karma level. Reputation system is added, which works similarly to Karma (good and bad deeds), but only within the same town or community.The quests in the game are more numerous and typically involve more complex situations and larger scope.introduces quests and moral decisions with mature subtext: the player can choose various lifestyles for the main character, including getting married and divorced, become a slave seller, a porn star, or join the mafia.In Modoc, if you fix Bess the Brahmin's broken leg, she will follow you around the town and even fight on your side in combat. While not immediately beneficial to have a cow as an NPC, it is good for a chuckle. Try using the "Push" icon on her -- yes, even the post-apocalyptic world has cow-tipping. In the end, you can also sell her to the slaughterhouse and get 100 servings of beef jerky in return.In the game's options, you can adjust the game's violence level: US Release - 4 violence levels available - no cuts UK Release - 3 violence levels available - the most brutal setting is blocked German Release - 2 violence levels available - the two most brutal settings are missing Endgame GOG release Logo Low Intelligence Mac Release Patch Recipes References Another tie-in to the original Wasteland game -- in the New California Republic, your character can join the Rangers! This will get you a badge and a map, as well as some experience points. Note that in this game, the main goal of the Rangers is to eliminate slavery -- so if you're playing a Slaver character, you might as well forget it. Fallout 2 pokes fun at collectible trading card games - specifically Magic the Gathering , and even has a bit of fun with one of the then-developers at Interplay. In the city of Gecko, you'll meet a Ghoul named Wooz. He's He's terribly addicted to the trading card game within Fallout 2 - which is called Tragic: the Garnering. For those who know him - Wooz is a dead ringer for one of Interplay's own developers at the time. It's none other than Bill Dugan - otherwise known as "Weez." pokes fun at collectible trading card games - specifically , and even has a bit of fun with one of the then-developers at Interplay. In the city of Gecko, you'll meet a Ghoul named Wooz. He's He's terribly addicted to the trading card game within - which is called Tragic: the Garnering. For those who know him - Wooz is a dead ringer for one of Interplay's own developers at the time. It's none other than Bill Dugan - otherwise known as "Weez." In Modoc, if you take the board off the well and descend, you will notice many coin pouches, and as you pick the first one your character will say "This is MY dream, MY wish, and I'm taking it back. I'm taking them all back." which is exact reference to The Goonies movie from 1985. In the movie, a group of kids are in search of a lost pirate gold. In the process, they run through some well and were about to give up the whole hunt for gold, one of them starts gathering all the wish coins from the well. As another asks him why he is doing that, those coins are someone else's wishes, he replies in same sentence used in this game. References: Bridge of Death Secrets S.P.E.C.I.A.L. Van Buren Awards PC Gamer October 2001 - #4 on the "Top 50 Games of All Time" list Pelit 2007 (15th anniversary issue) - Best Game Ever Reviewed (Reader's Poll) Related Web Sites Contributed to by chirinea (46525) and Droog (522) The German and UK version includes further censoring. For example, there are no children in the game. The absence of children as NPCs makes at least one side quest unsolvable: a boy who has fallen into the well of his father's farm cannot be rescued from it because he simply isn't in it. All other elements of the quest function normally, however. Even the boy's dog who is supposed to lead the player to the boy continues to follow him around.After you finish the game, you can continue playing. You can even use the tanker and go back to the Enclave, only to find the countdown set on the same time you left the Enclave at!In December 2013, Fallout and Fallout Tactics were given away for free on the download distribution platform GOG . This was the last month Interplay had the distribution rights for the games before they went to Bethesda . The games were pulled from GOG on January 01, 2014. They were readded to the catalogue with Bethesda as publisher on August 26, 2015.In, Interplay's logo of "For Gamers by Gamers" was changed to "For Mutants by Mutants".Playing a character with extremely low intelligence can disable huge amounts of the game's option for the player (because the character is so dumb that he/she can't even talk properly, not to mention skills like "Science"), but there are some unforseen - and humorous - bonuses:When playing such a character, people will call you a retard and refuse to talk, as you won't understand a thing. Beginning with the Elder in Arroyo, you can find some pretty funny dialogues that way.Then in Klamath, when talking to Tor, the local idiot, dialogue options suddenly become surprisingly eloquent. This is so funny, that personally I can't find a proper way to describe it - see for yourself. :)There is at least one quest available only for stupid characters - killing officer Jack for Mira in NCR.The whole thing with getting the tanker operational is easier for stupids. When you finish the quest of stealing the Vertibird plans for Matthew from Brotherhood of Steel in San Francisco, he fixes the ship, making it ready to go! Your dumb-ass hero only has to push a big button inside the tanker, just skipping the FOB, NavComp and Fuel quests!If you're interested, search for "The Nearly Ultimate Fallout 2 Guide" by Per Jorner - it's most probably the largest and most preciseguide in existence, it contains much more fun stuff about playing retards. There's even a whole chapter simply called "Stupid".A Mac version was planed to be released simultaneously with the Windows release, but due to poor sales of the original's Mac port, this idea was eventually scrapped until 2003. So it came out five years after the original Windows release as a full price Mac game!The original release was the buggiest thing this side of Ultima IX , to the point of having completely non-working sections of the game (like boxing in New Reno) and though the eventual patch that got released solved most of the problems was not too big in size it presented a major problem: it invalidated all your saved games.Obviously this was met with lots of anger and frustration from people who had gotten nearly halfway through the game and had to start all over because they couldn't, for instance, talk to a party member no more. The commotion caused the development team to promise some sort of utility that allowed you to convert your saved games, but they eventually (as you can read in thewebsite) ended up just advising to download one of the character generating hacks that circulate the net to speed up your catching-up process.Despite the official patches to the game,still had a few bugs which more or less were an annoyance (mistakes in dialogue, typos, quests becoming unable to complete). Unfortunately, Interplay more or less ignored these bugs and concentrated on their other projects (namely Baldur's Gate ). In April 2003, almost five years after the original release of the game, Black Isle Studios released an editor, scripts, a script compiler and accompanying usage documentation. Fans have sought to make the proper fixes, and in turn, tweak the game to be more coherent, namely modifying map graphics and item properties/locations.Following the tradition of the original,'s manual comes with another couple of recipes. This time "The Big One" Pancake, and the "Carrion Kabobs".Before you talk to the robed guy, the player's character mentions that it would be a good idea to save. The robed guy stands at the south side of a bridge, keeping you from crossing it. Being it your choice whether or not to save, if you talk to this guy he'll give you some questions to answer before letting you cross the bridge. First, he'll ask you your name and the purpose of my quest. Then, the next question is which NPC survived from the original Fallout game. If you choose "Dogmeat", he'll go away and say something along the lines of "Why do I always get such stupid jobs!" However, if you choose the bottom response, which is basically asking the guy to elaborate more on the last question, his body will explode, thus allowing you to pass. You can search the body and get his robe. Although it looks like any other robe and sells for the same ordinary-robe price, it is the strongest laser-repelling armor in the game.If you answer the question wrong, however, a two-headed brahmin will appear. You cannot kill it and it will kill you in one blow. This encounter is reminiscent of a scene inIf you hold shift while on the main screen and click on the "credits", some designer quotes pop-up. Beware, these are not for kids!The underlying RP system for this game (developed by Interplay) is called SPECIAL. This is an acronym for the seven primary statistics your character has: Strength, Perception, Endurance, Charisma, Intelligence, Agility, and Luck. Black Isle studios started working on a sequel, code named. The new game was to feature vastly improved isometric rendering of the game tiles and smarter interaction with NPCs.Unfortunately, Black Isles studios was shut down supposedly after completing 90% of the game. Soon afterwards, Bethesda Softworks announced that they were creating a Fallout 3 game. Little has been revealed after that initial announcement.
2024-01-24T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/4563
Anne C. (Walaska) Riccitelli Posted Monday, June 10, 2013 9:43 am Anne C. (Walaska) Riccitelli, 71, died unexpectedly, June 7, 2013. She had been the wife for 45 years of the late Michael D. Riccitelli. Born in Providence, a daughter of the late Chester and Celeste (Remus) Walaska she resided in Warwick for most of her life. Mrs. Riccitelli was employed as the office manager at Tri-State Automotive Warehouse in Providence for 30 years. She was a communicant of St. Kevin Church in Warwick serving as a Eucharistic Minister and was active at St. Kevin School starting HSA with her husband. She was the loving mother of Michael and his wife, Diane (Tomassi) Riccitelli, Karen Lefebvre and her husband, Leo, and the late Robert Riccitelli, and also leaves Robert’s wife, Michelle (Amaral) Riccitelli. She also leaves her cherished grandchildren: Tara, Michael, Jr., Matthew, Andrew, Robert, Jr.; her brother, Senator William A. Walaska and his wife, Marsha and sister-in-law, Marilyn Walaska. She was sister of the late Henry J. Walaska. Her funeral will be held Tuesday, June 11, at 9 a.m. from the Thomas & Walter Quinn Funeral Home, 2435 Warwick Ave. with a Mass of Christian Burial at 10 a.m. in St. Kevin Church, Sandy Lane. Burial in Rhode Island Veterans’ Cemetery, Exeter. Visiting hours Monday 4-7 p.m. In lieu of flowers, contributions to St. Kevin Church, 333 Sandy Lane, Warwick, RI 02889 will be appreciated. Information and condolences, visit TheQuinnFuneralHome.com.
2024-02-05T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/5541
SIR JOHN FROISSART Chronicles of England, France, Spain and the adjoining countries from the latter part of the reign of Edward II to the coronation of Henry IV. Vol.3 page 198 EngKfh and Bretons on the fide of Montfort, allow-ed him to pafs and repafs, to parley with fir John Chandos, and the earl of Montfort, although he had .pledged his honor, as a prifoner, and therefore could not bear arms againft them. This fame Saturday, he brought many propofals, in hopes to make a peace ; of which, however, none fucceeded : he was occupied with one party or the other until noon. He neverthelefs obtained, through his good fenfe, a truce between the two armies for this day and the following night, until the morrow at fun-rife. Each army retreated to their quarters, and refreflied themfelves with what they had. During the time the truce lafted, the governor of the caftle of Auray came out of it, on Saturday night, and went peaceably to the army of the lord Charles de Biois, who gracioufly received him. The name of the governor was Henry de Hauternelle, a very expert warrior, who brought with him forty lances, good companions, well armed and well mounted, who had aided him in guarding that for-trefs. When the lord Charles faw the governor, he afked him, laughingly, the ftate of the caftle. 4 In God's name/ replied the fquire, 6 and praife be to him, we are ftili fufficiently provided with every thing for two or three months, fhould there be occafion/ ' Henry, Henry,' anfwered lord Charles, 4 to-morrow by day-break, you fliall be made free in every refpeQ:, either by a treaty of peace or by a battle.* ' 4 My lord/ replied the fquire, 4 God grant us his affiftance.' 4 By my faith, Henry/ 184 "Medievalist" is an educational project designed as a digital collection of chronicles, documents and studies related to the middle age history. All materials from this site are permitted for non commersial use unless otherwise indicated. If you reduplicate documents from here you have to indicate "Medievalist" as a source and place link to us.
2023-11-23T01:26:36.242652
https://example.com/article/7015
Matt Hunwick Ever since having his rookie campaign (27 points in 53 games) cut short by a ruptured spleen with the Bruins in 2008-09, things just have not been the same for Hunwick. The nine-year veteran has progressively seen his games played totals dwindle since leaving Boston for the ... Hunwick played in 43 games last season with the Avs, registering six assists in the process. He spent most of the time on the third defensive pair and struggled on both offense and defense. He's in the last year of his contract and will need to prove he's worthy of an extension or the Avs may choose to go down an alternative route. Hunwick needs to solidify his role on defense but also contribute offensively, something he has not been able to do as a pro. Avoid him on draft day. 2011-12 Hunwick, who re-signed a one-year deal with the Avalanche in June, had a mediocre first season in Colorado last year, recording just 10 assists in 51 games along with a minus-19 rating. The Avs are clearly intent on allowing Hunwick to prove himself, considering they gave up a prized prospect (defenseman Colby Cohen) to get him from the Bruins. Furthermore, with the departure of John-Michael Liles, there may be an opportunity for Hunwick to play a larger role on the Avs' blue line this season. In short, he could wind up being one of the team's top four blueliners, but he's really going to have to work on his play in his own zone to earn that role. 2010-11 The smooth-skating Hunwick, who ended up racking up just 14 points in 76 games, had an often trying 2009-10 season with Boston, to the point that he was a healthy scratch at times, but his mobility still gives him some long-term upside. 2009-10 Re-signing Hunwick, who scored six goals and 21 assists in 53 games last year before suffering a season-ending ruptured spleen, was a priority for the B's, who highly value his upside as a puck-moving blueliner. He'll be healthy come training camp and since he has a shot to see some power play duty this season, he will be worth keeping on the fantasy radar. 2008-09 Hunwick, along with Matt Lashoff will compete for blueline jobs in training camp. Whether they stick likely hinges on injuries to others, but Hunwick should see some NHL action this year, even if he ends up doing the Providence-Boston-Providence dance. He's already solid in the transition game, which helps his chances of seeing ice time with the big club this season. 2007-08 Hunwick, who played at the University of Michigan last year, could probably use a season in Providence (AHL) but is good at moving the puck out of the defensive zone and initiating the offense. Even if he does make the Bruins' roster this season, he won't likely be a fantasy force. 2006-07 Hunwick is small but he's tailor-made to play defense in the NHL. He's a great passer, understands his angles well and can score. This kid is someone to watch over the next couple seasons.
2024-05-15T01:26:36.242652
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