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| 2023-08-05T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3838 |
Na+/H+ exchanger 3 inhibitor diminishes hepcidin-enhanced duodenal calcium transport in hemizygous β-globin knockout thalassemic mice.
Recent investigation has shown that the liver-derived iron-regulating hormone, hepcidin, can potentiate intestinal calcium absorption in hemizygous β-globin knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice. Since the upregulation of Fe2+ and H+ cotransporter, divalent metal transporter (DMT)-1, has been shown to correlate with thalassemia-induced intestinal calcium absorption impairment, the inhibition of the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)-3 that is essential for cytoplasmic pH regulation and transepithelial sodium absorption was hypothesized to negatively affect hepcidin action. Herein, the positive effect of hepcidin on the duodenal calcium transport was evaluated using Ussing chamber technique. The results showed that BKO mice had lower absorptive surface area and duodenal calcium transport than wild-type mice. Besides, paracellular transport of zinc in BKO mice was compromised. Hepcidin administration completely restored calcium transport. Since this hepcidin action was totally abolished by inhibitors of the basolateral calcium transporters, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA1b), the enhanced calcium flux potentially occurred through the transcellular pathway rather than paracellular pathway. Interestingly, the selective NHE3 inhibitor, 100 nM tenapanor, markedly inhibited hepcidin-enhanced calcium transport. Accordingly, hepcidin is one of the promising therapeutic agents for calcium malabsorption in β-thalassemia. It mainly stimulates the transcellular calcium transport across the duodenal epithelium in an NHE3-dependent manner. | 2024-03-04T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8325 |
Hey friends-
It’s Adam Beasley. As Armando mentioned last week, he’s on vacation, and so a few of us will post updates to his blog, as events warrant. It’s a quiet week at Dolphins camp; the only players left in town are the rookies, who have one final week of workouts before they disperse for the summer.
But with training camp literally a month away, it’s never too early to start thinking about which 53 players will be on the roster when the season kicks off in Cleveland Sept. 8. Here’s my first, very rough, take. The good news for the Dolphins: This isn’t easy. There will be several good football players who don’t make the team this year, and – unless there are a string of catastrophic injuries – you won’t see the team pick through the waiver wire castoffs to the degree it did in 2012.
As a disclaimer, this is based on what we’ve seen thus far (which, in shorts and jerseys, hasn’t been much).
QBs (3):
Ryan Tannehill
Matt Moore
Pat Devlin
RBs/FBs (5):
Lamar Miller
Daniel Thomas
Mike Gillislee
Marcus Thigpen
Jorvorskie Lane
WRs (5):
Mike Wallace
Brian Hartline
Brandon Gibson
Armon Binns
Marvin McNutt
TEs (4):
Dustin Keller
Charles Clay
Michael Egnew
Dion Sims
OL (9):
Jonathan Martin
Richie Incognito
Mike Pouncey
John Jerry
Tyson Clabo
Dallas Thomas
Lance Louis
Nate Garner
Will Yeatman
DL (8):
Cameron Wake
Randy Starks
Jared Odrick
Paul Soliai
Olivier Vernon
Dion Jordan
Derrick Shelby
Kheeston Randall
LBs (6):
Philip Wheeler
Dannell Ellerbe
Koa Misi
Austin Spitler
Jason Trusnik
Jelani Jenkins
CBs (6):
Brent Grimes
Richard Marshall
Dimitri Patterson
Nolan Carroll
Jamar Taylor
Will Davis
S (4):
Reshad Jones
Chris Clemons
Jimmy Williams
Kelcie McCray
K (1):
Caleb Sturgis
P (1):
Brandon Fields
LS (1):
John Denney | 2023-12-30T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6862 |
Senate Democrats are touting a long-delayed Federal Aviation Administration reauthorization bill as the first item on their jobs agenda for 2011.
The bill, sponsored by Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Jay Rockefeller John (Jay) Davison RockefellerBottom Line World Health Day: It's time to fight preventable disease Lobbying World MORE (D-W.Va.), would invest $8.1 billion in capital improvement projects at airports around the country.
The legislation would be paid for by user fees and would not add to the deficit.
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The American Association of Airport Executives estimates the multi-year reauthorization would create or save 280,000 jobs, including 90,000 jobs in the construction and construction supplies industries.
“This is a bill we wanted to complete for years,” said Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid Harry Mason ReidGOP senators confident Trump pick to be confirmed by November Durbin: Democrats can 'slow' Supreme Court confirmation 'perhaps a matter of hours, maybe days at most' Supreme Court fight pushes Senate toward brink MORE (D-Nev.) in a conference call with reporters.
Reid discussed passing the FAA legislation throughout 2010. It is the same bill that passed the Senate 93-0 last year.
The Senate majority leader said the legislation would protect “hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs,” and called on Congress to expand the nation’s passenger and cargo transportation capacity.
Reid also blasted a proposal by the House Republican Study Committee to eliminate the Essential Air Service program, which provides subsidies to airlines that serve rural and smaller communities.
Congress has passed 17 short-term extensions since the last FAA authorization bill expired in 2007.
The bill would establish deadlines for adopting the Next Generation Air Transportation System, which would allow as many as a third more planes to land at the nation’s busiest hubs.
The U.S. is one of the last industrialized countries in the world to still used ground-based radar systems to direct air traffic.
Chip Barclay, president of the American Association of Airport Executives, joined the call.
The trade association spent $1.6 million lobbying the federal government in 2010, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, which tracks lobbying and political expenditures.
Barclay said every dollar in the airport improvement program would go toward capital construction and not to fund operations.
Democratic senators argued the expansion of regional airports would fuel local economies, such as in Ely, Nev., which is serviced by Yelland Field.
“One reason it’s not more vibrant is people have trouble getting in and out of Ely,” Reid said. | 2023-11-29T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5013 |
Educational Requirements for Mobile Applications in Nursing: Applying the User-Task-Context Matrix to Identify User Classes and Contexts of Use.
Mobile applications are increasingly being deployed in healthcare and nurses are expected to use them during their education, practice and during training of patients. In this paper we describe how an approach to modelling user needs known as the user-task-context matrix has been applied to help guide in developing requirements for new mobile applications as well as for selecting applications to be used in different aspects of nursing and patient education. The approach involves first brainstorming the different classes of users of an application and then specifying possible tasks the application can be used for. In addition, different contexts of use of the application are then specified. Application of the method is described for improving understanding of user needs in both design and procurement of healthcare apps related to nursing education. | 2024-02-13T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4537 |
The role of primary and secondary metabolites in chrysanthemum resistance toFrankliniella occidentalis.
The presence of deleterious secondary metabolites to western flower thrips (WFT) (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) in several chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) cultivars was tested. WFT performance on leaf sap mixed with artificial diet was compared to WFT performance on a control of artificial diet mixed with water. Leaf sap of six of 10 chrysanthemum cultivars tested had a significant negative effect on WFT performance and therefore contained deleterious secondary metabolites. Leaf sap of a resistant and a susceptible chrysanthemum cultivar were fractionated by gel to study the role of secondary metabolites in greater detail. None of the 20 individual fractions obtained had a negative effect on WFT performance, whereas after mixing of these fractions activity was found again. Moreover, WFT performance on the fraction mixture of the resistant cultivar was significantly lower than on the susceptible fraction mixture. The results suggest that WFT resistance in the cultivars studied was caused by several secondary metabolites that had an additional or synergistic negative effect on WFT performance. The role of a deficiency of primary metabolites in WFT resistance of chrysanthemum was also investigated. WFT performance on leaf sap with and without extra primary metabolites (artificial diet) was compared. The variance in WFT performance was significantly smaller when extra primary metabolites were added; WFT performance on leaf sap with and without extra primary metabolites was not correlated. The results suggest that resistance was partly caused by a deficiency of primary metabolites. | 2024-04-26T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9341 |
Ferguson, Mo., found a degree of civic calm this week after days and nights of angry clashes between protestors and the police.
Now the city is working to restore trust with residents after a white police officer fatally shot black teenager Michael Brown on Aug. 9. City leaders and residents say one way to do that might be to equip police with personal video cameras.
"All the cops have to have body cameras and dashboard cameras," says resident Alonzo Bond, "so everybody can be accountable."
Earlier this week, the city of Ferguson said it was "exploring" the possibility of buying dashboard cameras and body cameras for its police department. And Ferguson is not alone. Around the country, body-worn cameras have become the go-to technology for troubled police departments.
Police chiefs are just as enthusiastic about the cameras as police reformers, sharing a belief that the cameras can resolve disputes by recording what really happens.
"Everybody's got their version of a story, but when it's on tape, it's on tape," says Philadelphia Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey, president of the Police Executive Research Forum. "It is what it is."
But is it? Howard Wasserman, a law professor at Florida International University who has written about police cameras, says lawyers are starting to discover what any college film student could have told them: Recorded images are not neutral.
"How the camera is held, the angle at which the camera is held, is the camera sort of panning, is the camera held steady — all of that affects the perception of what you see," Wasserman says.
He says in court, video — even if it's fragmentary or confusing — has the potential of becoming the star of the show.
"The problem that I think we get into is the assumption that the video shows all, so we can disregard all the other evidence that's not the video," Wasserman says.
The other big concern with police videos is control. In New Orleans, where all patrol officers started wearing the cameras this spring, the department has given officers mixed signals about when to press the record button, says Susan Hutson, the city's independent police monitor.
"We saw the department was struggling with that a little bit, trying to make sure that officers knew when they can turn it off and when they can't," Hutson says.
Even when an officer willfully refuses to record, it's not a fireable offense in New Orleans. Then there's the potential for technical glitches, which has long been an issue with the dashboard cameras. They frequently malfunction, and one of Hutson's staffers says it's "suspicious" how often the cameras seem to fail to record at crucial moments — a complaint heard in other cities.
Finally, there's the matter of the 30-second buffer. When an officer presses record, the camera saves the 30 seconds of images that led up to that moment, but not the audio. The manufacturer designed the buffer to protect the privacy of police officers — and to appeal to resistant police unions — but it also means the cameras may miss crucial noises or words that trigger an incident. Wasserman thinks that's a mistake.
"I think if we're going to do this, we need to do it right," he says. "If anybody's privacy is going to be compromised, it ought to be the government officials who are wielding the power in all of these encounters."
He says that's another argument for more video recording by civilians to fill in the gaps of what "really happened" — now that that's increasingly decided by what's captured on camera.
Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.
SCOTT SIMON, HOST:
This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. The city of Ferguson, Missouri has found some calm this week. It comes after many days of clashes between protesters and police following the shooting of Michael Brown. In an attempt to try to rebuild trust, Ferguson officials said the city would explore the possibility of outfitting police with personal video cameras. NPR's Martin Kaste's been looking into the spread of these types of cameras in police departments across the country and has this report.
MARTIN KASTE, BYLINE: When you ask people in Ferguson what piece of gear they want to see the police wearing, they almost always say this.
ALONZO BOND: All the cops need to have body cameras and dashboard cameras.
KASTE: Why is that?
BOND: So everybody can be accounted.
KASTE: Alonzo Bond is not alone in thinking this. Around the country, body-worn cameras have become the go-to technology for troubled police departments - places like New Orleans. This spring, the department there started requiring all of its patrol cops to where the cameras. Lieutenant Travis St. Pierre demoed the camera for NPR in May.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
TRAVIS ST. PIERRE: When I activate this event button, which is on this controller right here - either on my chest or on my belt - it'll give me an audible tone letting me know that the camera is on.
KASTE: Police chiefs are just as enthusiastic about the cameras as police reformers. Both sides seem to share a belief that the cameras can resolve disputes by recording what really happened. Charles Ramsey's the police commissioner of Philadelphia and president of the Police Executive Research Forum.
POLICE COMMISSIONER CHARLES RAMSEY: Everybody's got their own version of a story, but when it's on tape, it's on tape. It is what it is.
KASTE: But is it? Howard Wasserman is a law professor at Florida International University, and he's written about this. He says lawyers are starting to discover what any college film student could've told them - that recorded images are not neutral.
HOWARD WASSERMAN: You know, how the camera is held - the angle at which the camera is held - you know, is the camera sort of panning? Is the camera held steady? All of that affects the perception of what you see.
KASTE: He says, in court, whatever video you do have - however fragmentary or confusing - has the potential of becoming the star of the show.
WASSERMAN: And the problem that I think we get into is the assumption that the video shows all. So we can disregard all the other evidence that's not the video.
KASTE: The other big concern with police videos is control.
SUSAN HUTSON: It's interesting.
KASTE: That's Susan Hutson. She's the independent police monitor in New Orleans. She says the department there has given its officers some mixed signals about when to press record.
HUTSON: We saw that the department was struggling with that a little bit - trying to make sure that officers knew when they can turn it off and when they can't.
KASTE: Even when an officer willfully refuses to record, it's not a fireable offense in New Orleans. And then there's the potential for technical glitches. That's long been an issue with the dash cameras. One of Hutson's staffers says it's suspicious how often those seem to malfunction. And that's a complaint you hear in some other cities, too. Finally, there's the matter of the 30 second buffer. Here's how New Orleans officer Travis St. Pierre describes the workings of the most popular model of body camera.
ST. PIERRE: The camera's always on. It's buffering the last 30 seconds of what this camera saw -will always be in a loop - just video - not audio.
KASTE: Did you catch that? It buffers video - meaning when the officer presses record, it saves the 30 seconds of images that led up to that moment. But it doesn't save the audio of those 30 seconds. The manufacturer did this to protect the privacy of police officers, but it also means the cameras may miss crucial noises or words that trigger an incident. Howard Wasserman thinks that's a mistake.
WASSERMAN: I think if we're going to do this, we need to do it right. And if anybody's privacy is going to be compromised, it would be - it ought to be the government officials who are wielding the power in all of these encounters.
KASTE: He says it's another argument for more video recording by civilians to fill in the gaps of what really happened now that that's increasingly decided by what's captured on camera. Martin Kaste, NPR News, St. Louis. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | 2024-02-16T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7369 |
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Justin Upton and Park Effects
I have a post up over on FanGraphs about Justin Upton, but it’s really more about home/road splits in general and how they should be used. Quoting the conclusion, but you should read it all to see why the conclusion exists:
Whatever you do, though, don’t just look at a player’s road stats and assume that it’s a window into his real talent level, with the difference between his home and road stats being a mirage of the park he played in. That’s simply not how home/road splits work.
A lot of people look at Justin Upton and think he won’t hit in Seattle because his road numbers suck. A lot of people look at the Mariners hitters from last year and think that they’re all actually good because their road numbers were good and their home numbers sucked, thus Safeco just screwed everyone over. Those conclusions are easy to draw. Those conclusions are not completely accurate, though, and you shouldn’t be willing to so easily use split data to come to such conclusions.
Justin Upton is better than his road numbers indicate. Jesus Montero, Kyle Seager, and Michael Saunders are probably worse than their road numbers indicate. You want to adjust for park effects, but do it correctly. Realize that Justin Upton won’t hit as well in Seattle as he does in Arizona, while at the same time realizing that Justin Upton is a good hitter who will likely be a productive offensive player no matter where he calls home.
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Comments
34 Responses to “Justin Upton and Park Effects”
Jopa on
January 4th, 2013 11:47 am
The key is in the no-trade clause. Upton is more likely to talk to players around the league (eg. Beltre) than study the sabermetrics of park factors, which as you’ve written, don’t favor Safeco.
Upton still has his one big mega deal to make in three years. A couple hundred million hang in the balance.
Seattle is a black hole for media attention. It’s a perennial last place team. They have one star whom they’ve yet to extend. Why on earth would he waive the no-trade clause? For a few million dollars?
His next contract could fall from 10/250 to 6/120.
NRFully on
January 4th, 2013 12:20 pm
I just don’t see us getting Upton. He still has that no-trade-clause with us. I don’t know, maybe it’s the pessimism M’s fan in me. I’d also be extremely surprised if we get Stanton or Eithier.
_Hutch_ on
January 4th, 2013 12:22 pm
Unless he wins a couple MVPs between now and then he’s not going to get 10/250. You’ve probably got a point about Upton wanting a say in his proposed destination, but I don’t think it’s something that an extra chunk $5-$10 million couldn’t fix – that’s often why players insist on no-trade clauses in the first place.
terryoftacoma on
January 4th, 2013 12:53 pm
I’ve stayed out of the Upton discussion for the most part because I don’t see us acquiring him. I think he’s be a great addition but I don’t see him waving his no trade clause to hit at Safeco. I don’t buy the “Yankee” argument that all it takes is throwing money at him and he’ll wave it. Not all players follow the buck so I don’t count on that happening. I’d really like to be wrong on that.
Mike Snow on
January 4th, 2013 1:40 pm
Valid points, but they won’t easily sink in for those of us who remember Jeff Cirillo.
Perhaps I have heard wrong… but, some have compared the Upton Brothers to being similar in attitude to guys like Carl Everett and Milton Bradley.
If this is the case, historically speaking, JU sounds like a M’s organization player! Good luck!
GhostofMarinersPast on
January 4th, 2013 2:48 pm
Arizona wants Seager, and I don’t think Jack wants to part with him. As for Upton, the guy is a stud. Last year he had a down year due to a nagging thumb injury and having his name publicly shopped for the second year in a row. His “terrible year” last year was better than anyone on our roster had. He hasn’t had any behavioral problems. His brother BJ did, not Justin. My opinion is that he should pull the trigger on the deal. Straight away. Then you could go sign a Marcum or Lohse.
_Hutch_ on
January 4th, 2013 3:56 pm
Dave, can you write a post on the inherent racism in baseball and how it effects people’s perception of the Upton Brothers?
Everyone keeps mentioning the no-trade clause as if that is a telling fact that Upton doesn’t want to come here. A lot of players put teams on their no-trade clause because they know that team may be interested in them and this gives the player additional bargaining power if a trade does come up. Teams like the Yankees, Dodgers and Red Sox are often put in these clauses to let the player get a few extra million dollars in a contract. Upton’s agents knew Seattle would want hitters and that Upton has always been on Seattle’s radar so they could of added it just to get more money if a trade ever occurs.
TherzAlwaysHope on
January 4th, 2013 9:41 pm
What Jopa said. The word is out. Safeco is the place where power hitter’s careers come to die. EOM.
maqman on
January 5th, 2013 1:15 am
I think you are dismissing the difference between hot desert air and cool moist ocean air has on a batted ball. Upton is over rated and would not be a good trade target for the M’s. Nor would Ethier given his cost and platoon split best value.
Typical Idiot Fan on
January 5th, 2013 8:16 am
Arizona wants Seager
Of course they do. A lot of teams want a good, young, cost controlled third baseman, including the Mariners. Trading away Seager fills one hole while creating another. It makes no sense.
But just because Arizona wants Seager doesn’t mean we have to trade Seager to get Upton. Deals are more fluid than that.
shortbus on
January 5th, 2013 11:23 am
It’s neat when our whiney conversations make Dave do more work. As one who was pushing the home/road splits line on Upton, I’m feeling very proud.
So beyond the fact that his road splits are not an accurate measure of his ability, it’s also apparent that Upton was playing hurt last year and that should be taken into account when projecting his productivity. He turned it up at the end of the year, returning to something like his career average numbers.
So how should we value Upton as a potential Mariner? Should he be viewed as a guy who will put up an average of 5 WAR every year for the next three years as he enters his peak? That would mean he has something like $35 million in value above his contract. Depends how you value prospects, but I still think Hultzen or Paxton + one of our major league relievers + one or all of Wells/Thames/Carp should be the starting point. I don’t want to give up Franklin until we see if Ackley can hit.
bongo on
January 5th, 2013 11:49 am
“I still think Hultzen or Paxton + one of our major league relievers + one or all of Wells/Thames/Carp should be the starting point.”
Hultzen + Wells + Thames + Carp + Wilhelmsen for Upton? That seems like too high a price to pay.
Please keep in mind that one of the major reasons that the Mariners are where they are is because of their inability to properly evaluate prospects within their own system.
Where would the Mariners be today if they had kept Adam Jones, Shin Soo Choo, Asdrubral Cabrera Brandon Morrow, Mike Morse, and yes, perhaps even Brian LaHair?
If past experience is any guide, there are at least two Mariners prospects who will make the All-Star team within 5 years. The question is whether the front office can be trusted to figure out who they are. Past experience says no.
If the management of the Mariners ran the Seahawks, Russell Wilson would have spent the season on the bench, and we would have gone 8-8 instead of 11-5.
vetted_coach on
January 5th, 2013 12:32 pm
A really cool post, Dave. I referenced part of your point toward the end of my comment about Upton in the preceding thread. My comment traveled to a different town, but in the same vehicle. A metaphor. He would help the Mariners. Moot point. He won’t be coming here. A hitter’s value is more dependably reflected considering his overall numbers instead of seeking hidden mirages in splits. Sure, he’d be better in Phoenix or Albuquerque than Seattle or Sacramento, but he’d be better here than the guy he replaces.
MrZDevotee on
January 5th, 2013 1:36 pm
Bongo-
There’s a problem with your logic… The Mariners DID evaluate their players correctly. They just made poor decisions what to do with them. You can’t pull off trades with guys other teams don’t want (ie, crappy players). They were traded away because if we wanted to bring in “crafty veterans” we had to give up something good in return.
The problem is, they were the ONLY good players we had, so the farm was left with no eggs after they left.
The problem was being short-sighted… Not blind.
Typical Idiot Fan on
January 5th, 2013 2:39 pm
Hultzen + Wells + Thames + Carp + Wilhelmsen for Upton? That seems like too high a price to pay.
Uh…
Hultzen – SP
Wells – OF
Thames – OF
Carp – 1B/DH/”OF”
Wilhelmsen – RP
So… to get one of the outfielders that the Diamondbacks are already overburdened with, we’re giving them two and a half outfielders back? Why would they want that?
Westside guy on
January 5th, 2013 3:04 pm
Give us your good outfielder and will give you several scrub outfielders in return!
G-Man on
January 5th, 2013 4:33 pm
Reports are that the D-backs would rather trade Jason Kubel. He wouldn’t be worth nearly as much as Upton, but he’d be worth something. Wonder if Z is interested.
But surely, AZ will have to move some OF.
GhostofMarinersPast on
January 5th, 2013 4:51 pm
If Z is interested in Kubel, then he is probably also interested in no longer being employed by the Seattle mariners. Anyone who thinks we can compete in the next few years with our current team is beyond delusional. We have potential hitters. The problem is we don’t have any thump. We need a marquee guy who can take the pressure off the kids and let them relax and play the way they know how. Stanton would be amazing. We’d have to sell the whole farm to get him. Upton would be cheaper. The m’s roster currently doesn’t make any sense either. Jack will definitely be making more moves in the coming weeks, and as someone who has watched upton for sometime now, I hope it’s JU
stevemotivateir on
January 5th, 2013 5:03 pm
Anyone who thinks we can compete in the next few years with our current team is beyond delusional.
You’d be delusional to think we’ll have the same team for the next three years.
GhostofMarinersPast on
January 5th, 2013 5:18 pm
You’re looking at a package of Seager, Hultzen, and Paxton I’d imagine.
GhostofMarinersPast on
January 5th, 2013 6:30 pm
Next years free agent class is not good. Another year may expose some of our prospects but probably won’t validate any of them. The time to trade is now. Before our pitching prospects have the opportunity to lose their value. It’s time to make a big move. There is no doubt that if we don’t act now, 3 years from now we’ll be starting over….
kinickers77 on
January 5th, 2013 6:40 pm
@Ghost
If you are right on what it would cost, that’s too much IMO. I agree that the time to act is now but we have no one for 3B if we trade Seager. Filling one hole by creating another gets you no where.
If Seager could be replaced by Franklin, I’d probably do that.
GhostofMarinersPast on
January 5th, 2013 8:00 pm
The hole created by Seager would pale in comparison to the addition of upton. Think of it this way….we -2 from 3rd, and +5 to OF. Also, after that kind of move, we could spend money on pitching depth. 3rd would be a hole. But not more glaring than the one we’ve been staring at for several years. The headliner.
themojoworkin on
January 5th, 2013 9:58 pm
Perhaps I have heard wrong… but, some have compared the Upton Brothers to being similar in attitude to guys like Carl Everett and Milton Bradley.
If this is the case, historically speaking, JU sounds like a M’s organization player! Good luck!
This is my worry as well. It raises a red flag that a team is willing to trade a young hitter such as Upton, as these are usually the rare diamonds that teams build around. I wonder if anyone can think of similar situations, and remember how they turned out.
Hunter S. Thompson on
January 5th, 2013 10:25 pm
I’d be more concerned if Arizona did not have attitude concerns about most of their players. They gave a top pitching prospect away for a decent SS prospect due to attitude problems.
And it wasn’t Everett’s and Bradley’s attitue that hurt us, it was their lack of production. If Figgins would have hit like he did with the Angels no one (besided beat writers) would have care about his attitude.
stevemotivateir on
January 6th, 2013 8:40 am
I’m just eager to see another move for an outfielder.
Mini Mogul on
January 6th, 2013 9:53 am
Can we please stop talking about Carl Everett and Milton Bradley, Everett was a cheap addition and worth a roll at the time and Bradley was basically just a swap for Carlos Silva and his terrible contract that we were stuck with….Silva was terrible also. It’s not like Jack goes out looking for attitude issues, both made perfect sense at the time. On top of that, there is NO word that Justin is anything like either of them. Those two were seriously terrible people, all that you hear about Upton is that he might have motivation issues.
If you’re a 21 year old kid who’s always been told you are amazing and you are making huge money, playing in the Bigs with cars, steak and women…it’s easy to get a cocky attitude. He’s a few years into the league, he will be fine and seriously the guy can flat out hit when he’s not injured.
Mini Mogul on
January 6th, 2013 10:15 am
Oh and just as we’ve established that there is NO WAY Arizona wants Smoak (they have a good young 1B) and there is NO WAY they want another OF back let alone 2 or 3 of them………..Can we also establish right now that the M’s will NOT be trading Seager away in an Upton deal!!!
Seager was 3.6 WAR last year at possibly the scarcest position in all of baseball (might be 2nd to catcher), making him the 8th best 3B in the game last year in his first full season (if his name was Ackley and he had a 3.6 WAR last year you’d be saying “on his way to the HOF” LOL).
You don’t make a trade that opens up a gaping hole at 3B, you just don’t….there’s no debate about it.
In fact there’s no way that Z would trade Seager for Upton straight up! For the 2 of you that don’t understand that statement: You don’t trade a 3.6 WAR 3B under team control for many more years costing the team very little $ for an OF who’s going to also be around 3.6 WAR who costs you basically 10 Mil, 14 Mil, and 14.5 Mil over the next 3 years. LOL, you’re giving them the more valuable player by a landslide given that position scarcity, money and the fact that they are going to give you a very similar WAR.
Stop with the Seager trade talk. Other than King Felix, Seager is the only other 99.9% sure untouchable the M’s have (I also think Zunino is probably almost untouchable, that’s just my opinion tho).
Anyone want to argue that?!?
_Hutch_ on
January 6th, 2013 12:44 pm
Cars, Steak and Women: The Justin Upton Story.
Westside guy on
January 6th, 2013 2:49 pm
Cars, Steak and Women: The Justin Upton Story.
I like the guy already!
Paul B on
January 8th, 2013 6:53 pm
Wedge seems able to select a bullpen from a big pile of pitchers.
He seems less able when it comes to hitters.
I have zero confidence in what will happen when he is given a pile of DH. | 2023-11-14T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2579 |
Q:
Unity Framework and Multiple Constructors Injection
I have a class as a dependency:
public class Foo {
public Foo() {
// default constructor
}
public Foo(IMyInterface my) {
}
}
When I tried to inject it into another class I got error message as
Resolution of the dependency failed ...... InvalidOperationException -
The current type, IMyInterface, is an interface and cannot be
constructed. Are you missing a type mapping?
I never registered IMyInterface with any concrete type, because I reserve this constructor for other purpose.
With my understanding Unity will try to resolve constructor with least parameters first if not clearily instructing it which one to resolve. So it will try to initialize the default constroctor.
Other than I use InjectionConstructorAttribute, is there a smart way I can tell Unity to ignore the 2nd constructor?
A:
It's the opposite - Unity will try to resolve a constructor with MOST parameters first. You can use InjectionConstructor attribute over one of your constructors to tell unity to prefer this constructor over others.
| 2024-06-06T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9737 |
Workers' Autonomy
Alfredo M. Bonanno
The reformist parties, trades unions and employers have coalesced to obstruct any growth in the level of the struggle, or any conquests that could lead to a revolutionary transformation. The proletariat have only one alternative: to build communism directly, passing over the counter-revolutionary bureaucratic structures. In this perspective we must provide analyses of autonomous workers’ nuclei and realise them in practice. | 2024-06-23T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3666 |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting information files.
Introduction {#s1}
============
The majority of maternal deaths are concentrated in limited resources countries, and within them the poorest bear the greatest burden [@pone.0113995-Ronsmans1]. This inequity has been linked to reduced access of the rural poor to professional delivery services. Underlying factors are limited health services\' availability or accessibility in rural areas and lower demand by the population [@pone.0113995-Koblinsky1], [@pone.0113995-Houweling1].
Timely access to skilled attendance at birth is essential to maternal mortality reduction [@pone.0113995-Campbell1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, in practise, this is only available in health facilities [@pone.0113995-Gabrysch1]. The type of obstetric care offered varies, ranging from the full comprehensive emergency obstetric care (c-EmOC) package, which includes caesarean sections and blood transfusions [@pone.0113995-WHO3], generally only available in hospitals, to lower, variable levels of care in first-line facilities.
To reduce mortality among the rural poor, the focus of the international public health community has been on improving coverage of institutional delivery [@pone.0113995-Kruk1], though the evidence of the effectiveness of this intervention is scarce [@pone.0113995-Montagu1]. As Millennium Development Goal 5-related strategies take effect, coverage of institutional deliveries will inevitably improve. Will all socio-economic groups equally benefit from high coverage? Limited available data appear to indicate that this may not be so. In Indonesia for example, primary health care has been strengthened by ensuring every village has a midwife. The strategy was successful in ensuring access of all socio-economic groups to skilled attendance at birth, however poorer women remained disadvantaged in accessing caesarean sections [@pone.0113995-Hatt1]. Trends of caesarean sections across different countries have shown that the poorest consistently lower access to this potentially life-saving procedure [@pone.0113995-Cavallaro1]. In Tanzania, Ferry et al [@pone.0113995-Ferry1] found inequity in access to inpatient care at health centre level, in spite of existing fee exemptions for children, pregnant women and the elderly.
This issue is central to planning of maternal services in limited resources countries beyond the basic objective of coverage. Lack of quality and equity of services represent barriers to achieving maternal mortality reduction, particularly among the poorest [@pone.0113995-Kinney1].
The question was addressed in Iringa District, a rural District in Tanzania, where high coverage of institutional delivery has been achieved. Data from this paradigmatic area can help to understand ahead of time what will happen in limited resources countries as coverage improves. The United Republic of Tanzania is no exception to the high maternal mortality ratios in sub-Saharan Africa in spite of a well developed primary health care network. A ratio of 417.5 deaths per 100 000 live births is estimated corresponding to 7990 deaths countrywide [@pone.0113995-Lozano1]. The health system is organized at District level and includes dispensaries, health centres and hospitals [@pone.0113995-Human1]. Women can obtain assistance at childbirth in all types of facilities. The former two are first-line facilities where delivery care is part of reproductive and child services, though staffing is often insufficient [@pone.0113995-Ministry1]. Delivery services are free of charge according to Tanzanian government policy [@pone.0113995-Ferry1], [@pone.0113995-Mpembeni1]. Though nationwide home deliveries remains common (52%) [@pone.0113995-National1], a district-representative household survey carried out in 2009 in Iringa District (unpublished) documented 88% of facility births among women with a recent delivery. These data were confirmed by the 2010 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey findings (institutional deliveries for the whole Iringa region 80.4%) [@pone.0113995-National1]. High coverage in the area is linked to a high facility density (3629 people per first-line facility), nearly double that of the country as a whole (6064 per facility) [@pone.0113995-Human1].
The overall aim of the study was to investigate how different socio-economic classes access delivery services in an area of high coverage of institutional deliveries in order to draw conclusions on childbirth services for the rural poor. To complete the picture, we assessed existing obstetric services in the District, in particular with regards to distribution of deliveries between first-line and secondary care facilities, as these factors are crucial for the overall objective of improving care and reducing mortality. The results of the study will provide insights to address maternal health policies in limited resources countries.
Methods {#s2}
=======
Study setting {#s2a}
-------------
Iringa District (formerly Iringa rural) is within Iringa Region, in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The population according to the 2012 census was 254,023 [@pone.0113995-National2]. It is mostly rural, with 85% relying on subsistence farming. The District includes 122 villages. Health services in 2012 were available in 73 facilities, of which 66 dispensaries, 6 health centres and one diocesan District hospital [@pone.0113995-District1]. The majority of health facilities are public, with only 27% run by private non-profit organizations.
Baseline population data {#s2b}
------------------------
Baseline information on the District population including socio-economic data was obtained from a cross-sectional household survey carried out in October 2009 (*Community survey*). Objective of the survey was to collect information on access to health services in the area, as part of a health system strengthening programme. A representative sample of the District population was obtained through two-stage cluster sampling. Thirty villages were randomly chosen in the first stage with probability proportional to size. Twenty-five households were selected in each village in the second stage through random systematic sampling. Women with a delivery in the last five years were included in analysis.
Data on women who accessed hospital delivery services {#s2c}
-----------------------------------------------------
The socio-economic profile of women accessing the only comprehensive emergency obstetric care facility was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of women discharged from the District hospital Maternity Ward between October 2011 to May 2012 (*hospital survey*). The survey was conducted as part of a development programme, on access, quality and equity of maternal services. Interviews at discharge were conducted in Swahili by female trained interviewers using a pretested structured questionnaire. For women who had died, information was collected from relatives. In the hospital survey, only women who had delivered in the hospital and lived within the District were included in analysis. Women from outside the District (who have travelled beyond their District hospital) may belong to a higher socio-economic group, therefore creating bias in the analysis.
As validation of collected data, records collected were matched with hospital Maternity registers.
Data entry and analysis {#s2d}
-----------------------
Data entry and cleaning was carried out using Epidata software (version 3.1) by a principal investigator, and analysis was carried out using STATA (version 9) software.
Baseline characteristics of the two populations {#s2e}
-----------------------------------------------
Characteristics of women from the two surveys were compared ([Dataset S1](#pone.0113995.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
Variables examined were age (at index delivery for the community survey), parity, education, sex of household head, type of delivery and socio-economic status. Proportions and 95% CI were estimated for both populations taking study design into account. After merging of data sets, bivariate and multivariable analysis were performed. Crude odds ratios for belonging to the hospital population were produced, with a 95% confidence interval.
Multivariable logistic regression including all variables significant in bivariate analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios of belonging to the hospital compared to the District population. Svyset commands were used to account for clustered design.
Socio-economic stratification {#s2f}
-----------------------------
Socio-economic status (SES) was assessed based on durable household possessions (bicycle, radio, mobile phone) and housing characteristics (non-grass roof, non-mud floor and electricity) as applied by Bernard et al [@pone.0113995-Bernard1] in rural Tanzania. Principal Component Analysis was used to define weights to each variable and to construct a household socio-economic score for the community and for the hospital population respectively [@pone.0113995-Vyas1]. Although the score from the first principal component does not give information on absolute level of wealth, it can be used for comparison across different settings, provided that calculation is based on the same variables [@pone.0113995-Vyas1].
We classified the district population into five SES groups (1--5), from poorest to richest by dividing the community household socio-economic score into quintiles. We thus applied the quintile cut-off values derived from the community sample to the hospital population socio-economic score to create five comparable SES categories across the two settings.
Availability and utilization of District obstetric services {#s2g}
-----------------------------------------------------------
Details of available services and the distribution of deliveries within them in 2012 were obtained using the routine District Health Management Information System (HMIS, MTUHA in Tanzania), through the District Medical Office.
Annual reports are compiled by each health facility on a national standardized form (F005), and sent to the District Medical Office yearly. The annual reports for 2012 for the facilities of Iringa District were examined, and data on deliveries was collected ([Dataset S2](#pone.0113995.s002){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Reported data was cross checked with data at facility level during supervision visits.
Human resources availability {#s2h}
----------------------------
Data on health facility staffing in 2012 was obtained from the Human Resources Information System, available in the District Medical Office ([Dataset S2](#pone.0113995.s002){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The information was validated and where necessary updated during health facility supervision visits.
Skilled birth attendants (SBA) are accredited health professionals with the necessary skills to manage childbirth and to identify, manage and refer complications in women and newborn [@pone.0113995-Adegoke1], [@pone.0113995-WHO1]. In Tanzania, clinicians (medical officers, assistant medical officers, clinical officers), and enrolled and registered nurses are classified as skilled birth attendants; lower cadres such as nursing assistants are not [@pone.0113995-Hanson1].
Ethical statement {#s2i}
-----------------
Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants to both community and hospital surveys provided signed informed consent.
Results {#s3}
=======
The flow chart in [Figure 1](#pone-0113995-g001){ref-type="fig"} summarizes data collection.
{#pone-0113995-g001}
District population data {#s3a}
------------------------
In the community survey, 919 households were visited: inhabitants were absent in 161, and in 8 refused the interview (response rate 81.6%). In the interviewed households, there were 463 women with a recent delivery, and their data was analysed for this study. Mean age at delivery was 28.0 years (95% CI, 27.3--28.6), and median parity was 3 (2--5). Most belonged to the Hehe or Bena tribes (81.1%, 95% CI, 74.6--87.7), only 0.2% (95% CI, 0--0.6%) were semi-nomadic Masai, and the rest belonged to other tribes (18.7%, 95% CI, 12.2--25.1).
Hospital survey {#s3b}
---------------
1072 women living within the District were interviewed. In the study period, by comparison to the Maternity Ward register, 99.0% of women admitted were interviewed. Women living outside the District were excluded from analysis. Mean age was 25.7 years (95% CI, 25.4--26.1) and median parity was 2 (range 1--4). Here too, most women were Hehe/Bena, 86.1% (95% CI, 84.0--88.2); Masai were 0.9% (0.4--1.5), the rest belonged to other tribes (12.9%) (95% CI, 10.9--15.0).
Out of 1072 childbirths, 34 were twin deliveries, with a total of 1106 newborn. 1071 were born alive, the remaining were either fresh (16) or macerated stillborn (19). 1034 newborn were discharged alive while 37 died (36 within 7 days, 1 after the first week). Early neonatal mortality was 33.6 per 1000 live births (95% CI, 30.2--37.3).
During the survey period, 6 women died, of which 5 due to direct obstetric causes (Eclampsia 3, infection 1, septic shock 1).
1043 women provided information on the reason for hospital delivery. The most frequent answer was "I chose myself" to deliver in the higher level facility (55.0%, 95% CI, 52.0--58.1). 37.7% (95% CI, 34.7--40.6) were advised on hospital delivery during antenatal care, only 5.6% (95% CI, 4.2--7.0) were referred during labour. The remaining were either advised by relatives/husband, or had attended ANC in the hospital.
Comparison of the two populations {#s3c}
---------------------------------
[Table 1](#pone-0113995-t001){ref-type="table"} compares baseline characteristics of the two populations. There were differences in frequency distribution of age, parity, education, sex of household head, type of delivery and socio-economic status.
10.1371/journal.pone.0113995.t001
###### Socio-demographic characteristics of women who delivered at District hospital compared to women from the community of provenance.
{#pone-0113995-t001-1}
Variable Community survey (N = 463) Hospital survey (N = 1072)
--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- -------------- ------- ------ --------------
**Age (years)**
≤19 *38* 8.3 (5.4--11.3) *176* 16.4 (14.2--18.7)
20--39 *395* 86.6 (83.2--90.1) *868* 81.1 (78.8--83.5)
≥40 *23* 5.0 (2.8--7.3) *26* 2.4 (1.5--3.4)
**Parity**
1 *74* 16.1 (12.0--20.1) *429* 40.1 (37.1--43.0)
2--4 *257* 55.7 (50.7--60.8) *445* 41.5 (38.6--44.5)
≥5 *130* 28.2 (22.6--33.8) *197* 18.4 (16.1--20.7)
**Education (years)**
0 *58* 12.5 (9.0--16.1) *74* 7.0 (5.5--8.6)
1--6 *35* 7.6 (4.8--10.3) *22* 2.1 (1.2--3.0)
7 *353* 76.2 (71.5--81.0) *821* 78.0 (75.5--80.5)
≥8 *17* 3.7 (1.2--6.2) *135* 12.8 (10.8--14.9)
**Sex of household head**
Male *412* 89.4 (86.0--92.8) *965* 92.6 (91.0--94.2)
Female *49* 10.6 (7.2--14.0) *77* 7.4 (5.8--9.0)
**Type of delivery**
Vaginal *420* 90.7 (87.3--94.1) *736* 68.7 (65.9--71.5)
Cesarean section *43* 9.3 (5.9--12.7) *335* 31.3 (28.5--34.1)
**SES**
Very low *91* 19.8 (14.2--25.5) *64* 6.1 (4.7--7.6)
Low *92* 20.0 (15.6--24.5) *120* 11.5 (9.6--13.4)
Medium *84* 18.3 (14.8--21.8) *180* 17.2 (14.9--19.5)
High *88* 19.2 (14.5--23.8) *252* 24.1 (21.5--26.7)
Very high *104* 22.7 (17.3--28.0) *428* 41.0 (38.0--44.0)
\*adjusted for cluster design.
Iringa District, Tanzania. 2009--2012.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals and p values, of belonging to the hospital population compared to the District population are shown in [Table 2](#pone-0113995-t002){ref-type="table"}.
10.1371/journal.pone.0113995.t002
###### Association between covariates. Study population from hospital survey compared to the study population from community survey.
{#pone-0113995-t002-2}
Variable OR crude (95% CI) p-value[\*](#nt103){ref-type="table-fn"} OR adjusted (95% CI) p-value[\*](#nt103){ref-type="table-fn"}
--------------------------- ---------- -------------- ------------------------------------------ ------------- -------------- ------------------------------------------
**Age (years)**
≤19 2.11 (1.44--3.09) 0.0004 1.15 (0.74--1.79) 0.5159
20--39 1 \- \- 1 \- \-
≥40 0.51 (0.32--0.82) 0.0061 0.63 (0.37--1.06) 0.0798
**Parity**
1 3.35 (2.51--4.47) 0.0000 3.45 (2.58--4.61) 0.0000
2--4 1 \- \- 1 \- \-
≥5 0.88 (0.67--1.15) 0.3204 1.23 (0.91--1.66) 0.1810
**Education (years)**
0 0.55 (0.39--0.76) 0.0008 0.89 (0.62--1.28) 0.5187
1--6 0.27 (0.18--0.40) 0.0000 0.35 (0.23--0.54) 0.0000
7 1 \- \- 1 \- \-
≥8 3.41 (1.71--6.81) 0.0010 1.43 (0.72--2.87) 0.2973
**Sex of household head**
Female 1 \- \- 1 \- \-
Male 1.49 (1.04--2.13) 0.0306 2.10 (1.16--3.81) 0.0163
**Type of delivery**
Vaginal 1 \- \- 1 \- \-
Cesarean section 4.45 (2.98--6.63) 0.0000 4.23 (2.88--6.21) 0.0000
**SES**
Very low 1 \- \- 1 \- \-
Low 1.85 (1.34--2.56) 0.0005 1.73 (1.22--2.45) 0.0031
Medium 3.05 (2.00--4.64) 0.0000 2.58 (1.63--4.09) 0.0002
High 4.07 (2.57--6.45) 0.0000 3.54 (2.17--5.78) 0.0000
Very high 5.85 (3.78--9.06) 0.0000 4.53 (2.86--7.17) 0.0000
\*Adjusted Wald test.
The youngest age group appeared more likely in bivariate analysis to be part of the hospital population (OR 2.11, p\<0.001). The oldest age group \[≥40) appeared less likely to be part of the hospital population (OR 0.51, p = 0.0061). These differences were however not significant in multivariable analysis.
Women with a first pregnancy were more represented in the hospital, with the difference remaining significant in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR 3.45, p\<0.001). Unexpectedly, women of high parity (≥5) were not more represented in the hospital after adjusting for other variables (OR 1.23, p\>0.05).
OR for education levels were inconsistent. Only women with incomplete primary education (1--6 years) were significantly less represented in the hospital (OR 0.35, p\<0.001), compared to women with complete primary education (7 years). For women with no formal education, adjusted OR was not significant. When education was dichotomized (complete primary or greater versus none/incomplete primary ≤6 years), the adjusted odds ratios was 2.66 (95% CI 1.09--1.99, p = 0.0125) (data not shown).
When the households were male-headed, the OR was double compared to female-headed ones (adjusted OR 2.10, p = 0.0163).
As expected, the odds of Caesarean section was significantly greater for the hospital population (OR 4.23, p\<0.001).
In adjusted analysis, OR increased progressively across SES categories, compared to the baseline of the poorest group (OR 1.73 up to 4.53), indicating women are increasingly more represented in the hospital as household poverty decreases ([Figure 2](#pone-0113995-g002){ref-type="fig"}).
{#pone-0113995-g002}
District obstetric services {#s3d}
---------------------------
7645 institutional deliveries were recorded in 2012 in Iringa District Health Management Information System. 5505 (72%) took place in 68 first-line facilities, and 2140 (28%) in the District Designated hospital. 2 dispensaries did not provide reproductive services, and no data was available for two dispensaries.
In health centres, deliveries ranged from 56--277, with a median of 158.5. In dispensaries, the number ranged from 2--203, with a median of 62.5.
The distribution of deliveries by facility caseload in Iringa District has been summarized in [Table 3](#pone-0113995-t003){ref-type="table"}.
10.1371/journal.pone.0113995.t003
###### Distribution of deliveries by facility caseload in Iringa District in 2012 (based on HMIS data).
{#pone-0113995-t003-3}
Facility delivery caseload/year Deliveries (%) N. facilities (%)
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
0--50 684 (8.9) 21 (30.9)
51--100 1840 (24.1) 25 (36.8)
101--150 1423 (18.6) 12 (17.6)
151--200 854 (11.2) 5 (7.4)
201--250 427 (5.6) 3 (4.4)
251--300 277 (3.6) 1 (1.5)
\>300 2140 (28.0)[\*](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} 1 (1.5)[\*](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"}
**Total** **7645** **68**
\*District Hospital.
Overall, approximately one third (2524/7645, 33.0%) of deliveries took place in facilities with caseload ≤100/year.
Human resources {#s3e}
---------------
68 first-line facilities had a total of 191 health workers in 2012, of which 140 were skilled birth attendants. Health workers in the hospital were 139, of which 81 were SBA. Numbers in the hospital were calculated on the whole institution, not simply on the Maternity Ward.
In health centres, health workers ranged from 5--13, median 10.5; skilled birth attendants\' range was 3--9, median 6.5. In dispensaries, total health workers were 1--7, with a median of 2; available SBA were 0--5, with a median of 1.5. There were less than two SBA in 28/68 (40%) first-line facilities, all of which were dispensaries. Thus, nearly half of the dispensaries (28/62 dispensaries, 45%) had insufficient staff to provide maternal services 24 hourly.
Discussion {#s4}
==========
Evidence from this study indicates that poorest women are accessing lower level health services for delivery, which offer worse quality of care, due to limited caseloads and poor staffing. Two major findings support this. The first is that the poorest women are disproportionately under-represented in the hospital, the only facility able to provide all functions of comprehensive emergency obstetric care. There is a gradient across socio-economic groups, with increasing odds of hospital delivery as wealth increases. The second finding emerges from analysis of available services: deliveries are remarkably dispersed over poorly staffed facilities.
The findings will be discussed separately.
Access of socio-economic groups to c-EmOC facility {#s4a}
--------------------------------------------------
Poorer women are disadvantaged in access to higher level delivery services. There are two implications to this finding. The first is that women from the lower SES groups are less likely to deliver where blood transfusions and caesarean sections are available. They are thus disadvantaged with regards to potentially life-saving procedures. The second implication is that these women, in this context, are more likely to receive childbirth care in first-line facilities.
An additional finding which has emerged is that women mostly access comprehensive emergency obstetric care by choice, bypassing the first-line facility. This may appear in contrast to the findings by Kruk et al [@pone.0113995-Kruk1]. In their study on women\'s bypassing of the nearest facility in Western Tanzania, no association with wealth was observed. The latter study was carried out in a low facility coverage context (\<40% of facility deliveries), thus very different from the described in this manuscript, and examined by-passers to any health facility (including same level facilities). Only half the by-passers (93/186) had accessed a hospital [@pone.0113995-Kruk1]. Our study, focused on by-passers to the c-EmOC facility, and suggests poorer women bypass less. Greater education, economic resources, and smaller family sizes probably contribute to wealthier women\'s preference for delivery in a higher level facility.
Distribution of deliveries and human resources for health {#s4b}
---------------------------------------------------------
Additional important information to understand where the poorest deliver is contributed by analysis of District delivery services. As noted previously, excellent coverage is associated to high facility density. Just over a quarter of institutional deliveries had taken place in the c-EmOC facility, with the rest in first-line facilities. One third of childbirths were attended in facilities with very low delivery volume (\<100 deliveries per year). In the framework of the Primary Health Care Development Programme, the Tanzanian government aims to expand health facilities, with a dispensary in every village and a health centre in every ward (an administrative area with approximately 50000 people) [@pone.0113995-Ministry2], which corresponds to approximately doubling the dispensaries (n = 5607 in 2011), and quadrupling the health centres (n = 684 in 2011) [@pone.0113995-Human1]. Development of primary care in Tanzania has been successful in shortening the distance between users and services. For example, living within 5 km of a dispensary has a documented advantage on under-five survival [@pone.0113995-ArmstrongSchellenberg1]. The consequence of the expansion of primary health care on childbirth care is that deliveries are dispersed over a large number of facilities. There is not much available evidence on the optimal number of deliveries to be assisted per year to ensure quality, though a caseload greater than 150 per year has been suggested [@pone.0113995-Hanson1].
Severe shortage of qualified staff in the District completes the picture. Human resources for health shortage in resource limited countries has been repeatedly reported, and is considered a major obstacle to achieving MDGs [@pone.0113995-Human1]. The gap for all cadres in Tanzania was estimated at 64% in 2012/13 [@pone.0113995-Human1]. Though it has reduced from 72% in 2006, it is unlikely to be filled in the short term, considering the planned expansion of facilities. Furthermore, absences from work stations are frequent, due to annual leave, sickness, travel to District offices or trainings [@pone.0113995-Manzi1], [@pone.0113995-Nyamtema1]. One survey in Tanzania found 49% of nurses absent from the work station [@pone.0113995-Manzi1]. As part of the "workload indicator of staffing needs" WHO tool [@pone.0113995-WHO2], an available working time ("the time a health worker has available to do his/her work, taking into account authorized/unauthorized leave") of 202 days per year was reported in an urban context in Tanzania [@pone.0113995-Nyamtema1]. In rural areas, absences are likely to be more frequent, due to longer travelling times, thus reducing available working time further. On the basis of days present at the work station only, to ensure full-time delivery care there is a requirement of at least two skilled birth attendants. 40% of first-line facilities (45% of dispensaries) did not have sufficient skilled birth attendants to ensure full-time delivery care.
Maternal health policy implications {#s4c}
-----------------------------------
The detailed picture provided by this study in a limited geographical area highlights a conflict between coverage and quality of delivery care in rural contexts. The study\'s findings can provide useful insights to adjust maternal health policy without compromising accessibility, and can be used to extrapolate recommendations applicable to other limited resources contexts.
We argue that delivery is inherently different from other primary health care activities, as it cannot be planned and may be associated to life-threatening complications. For effective coverage, care must be offered every day, 24-hourly, which is hindered by the shortage of qualified staff. Complications must be handled by staff with the necessary knowledge, skills and equipment. Though gaps in equipment and knowledge can be filled even at peripheral level, low caseloads hinder staff from maintaining the necessary skills.
An adjustment of policy on where childbirth care is available is a possible solution. A reduction in the number of delivery sites offers several advantages. 1. Greater quality of care. A limited number of first-line facilities could be upgraded to delivery sites, with adequate staffing to provide full time care, and a planned caseload greater than 150/year, to ensure staff maintain knowledge and skills through practise. Other first-line facilities would continue to provide other maternal care services, such as antenatal and postnatal care, but not delivery care. 2. More rational and efficient distribution of scarce human resources for health, as the latter facilities would require fewer human resources to function. 3. A likely improvement in cost-effectiveness of delivery care in limited resources countries. There are two potential disadvantages of the proposed policy change. The first is a reduction of women\'s access to delivery services, due to greater traveling distances; the second, local opposition, due a reduction of services available.
Further studies in Iringa District on health facilities\' accessibility using a geographical information system could provide valuable, more detailed information on women\'s utilization of services. This mapping could contribute, together with other local factors, to identifying potential delivery sites among existing facilities. A small scale study in a limited geographical area on the outcome of reduced numbers of delivery sites could provide useful information to policy makers.
Strengths and limitations of the study {#s4d}
--------------------------------------
To the authors\' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of inequity of access to the full package of obstetric services where excellent institutional delivery coverage has been achieved. The study\'s greatest strength stems from the comparison of the socio-economic profile of women in the c-EmOC facility with women from the population of origin, not more general regional data from a Demographic and Health survey.
In addition, data was collected from first-line health facilities and a secondary facility in the same District, allowing more detailed analysis than when lower level facility data is compared with data from the country as a whole. The study\'s high response rate is an additional strong point.
There are limitations to the study which should be considered. The first is that the two populations analysed are not time-matched. The surveys were part of two different studies, and community data was collected in 2009, while in the hospital 24 to 31 months later. The main criticism could be that availability of household assets (such as mobile phones) may have varied in the country. Though mobile phone use has increased in Tanzania, power availability in rural areas may not have increased in the same way.
A second possible criticism is on the validation of data collected for socio-economic stratification. Though both surveys used respondents\' answers to a questionnaire, in the first survey interviewers visited women\'s homes, therefore were able to confirm directly availability of some assets (such as floor and roofing materials); in the second survey, no direct observation was possible, as interviews were conducted in the hospital. Though some degree of social desirability misclassification is possible, it is unlikely to have a major impact on the findings.
The third limitation to the findings stems form the use of routine District data, which have intrinsic low accuracy and reliability. However, the data on facilities\' caseload and staffing were validated during ad-hoc supervision. The findings are consistent with those of other studies [@pone.0113995-Hanson1].
Another point is that the use of routinely collected data to map where women deliver in the District does not allow to take into account migration outside the District. HMIS in Tanzania is organized per District, and there are no records on whether women who deliver in facilities actually live in the District. It is possible that some women may have chosen to move beyond District boundaries or to private facilities for delivery, but these are likely to be wealthier women, thus the inequity observed may have in fact been greater.
A fifth point is that seasonal variations to access to the higher level facility are possible. Richer women may be disproportionately represented because they have the economic means to reach the hospital even when the roads are flooded. The major rain season in Iringa District is January to April, and hospital data was collected during both dry and rainy seasons, thus any effect should not be relevant.
Another limitation is that no variables measuring quality of maternal care was collected, such availability of equipment, supplies and knowledge. This has been examined in other studies [@pone.0113995-Hanson1], [@pone.0113995-Penfold1]. Insufficient staffing and volume of deliveries too low for staff to maintain skills are upstream challenges for first-line facilities, which make them unable to offer quality even if other requirements are fulfilled. There are no studies that have addressed the relation between caseload and quality of care in first-line facilities in limited resources countries. The definition of signal functions of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care [@pone.0113995-WHO3] confirms that skills need practise to be maintained. To qualify as able to provide a signal function, facilities must have performed it at least once in the previous 3 months.
Lastly, no distinction was made among first-line facilities. Delivery services provided by dispensaries and health centres are very similar, and they share a role in fragmentation of deliveries, though health centres have greater numbers of skilled birth attendants (median 6.5, in dispensaries 1.5) and tend to attend greater numbers of deliveries.
Further studies, in particular on the relation between quality and caseload, will help to define the picture more accurately.
Conclusion {#s5}
==========
In limited resources countries, when high coverage of facility deliveries is achieved, the poor remained disadvantaged. To tackle maternal mortality, a conflict between coverage and quality of delivery care in first-line health facilities should be addressed; the findings of the study suggest an adjustment of policy on where delivery care is available.
Supporting Information {#s6}
======================
######
**Study population dataset.**
(XLS)
######
Click here for additional data file.
######
**Health facilities dataset.**
(XLS)
######
Click here for additional data file.
The essential contribution of the interviewers for the hospital survey is acknowledged. Thanks also go to the women who agreed to answer our questions about their deliveries, so that the services available could be improved.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: MS PF. Performed the experiments: MS PF. Analyzed the data: MS PF. Wrote the paper: MS PF GA SM FK.
| 2024-06-23T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8573 |
Peter Walsh, 1950-2012
Peter Walsh (right) with the Bristol Watershed’s Mark Cosgrove (left) and Tony Jones of the Cambridge Film Trust.
Peter ‘Pete’ Walsh, the highly respected film programmer and cinema manager, who for the last 18 years worked at the Irish Film Institute in Dublin, passed away on December 7th after a short illness, at the age of 62. Professionally much admired, Pete was for some 40 years an inspirational fixture on the independent cinema scene, known for his encyclopaedic cinema knowledge and his dogged, passionate and often richly amusing and argumentative commitment (especially after a few drinks!) to a notion of cinema and cinema exhibition. Pete was also a very warm, social and dryly witty personality who loved company.
Born in Wexford in Ireland, he came to England as teenager and it was through college, studying photography in Birmingham, and then his membership of the Birmingham Film Society in the early 1970s that he became friends with likeminded movie buff Tony Jones and worked with fellow enthusiasts at the fledging, bohemian Birmingham Arts Lab. The Lab was created in a freewheeling entrepreneurial spirit, with equipment and fixtures and fittings borrowed from all over, and rapidly became the centre of the city’s arthouse cinema universe.
Pete was one its central figures, sharing projection, programming and writing duties. Based on the model of the Academy in London, the Lab was a space that championed independent, avant-garde, auteur-driven work as well as classical Hollywood cinema and welcomed whenever it could both international and local filmmakers; Pete very much supported emergent talent being fostered in the city while Dennis Hopper’s rock ’n’ roll appearance at Pete’s invitation in 1982, presenting his films and an exhibition of his photography for a week, is still remembered as a legendary, hallowed event in the annals of Birmingham cinema-going.
Shortly afterwards, the Arts Lab’s activities were merged into a new multi-arts centre, the Triangle, based on the University of Aston campus. Pete followed, continuing to produce engaging contemporary programmes mixed with authoritative retrospectives, drawing on the expertise of critics and academics to help him curate them and write the wonderfully fulsome accompanying booklets produced by the cinema. This was another hallmark of Pete’s work: his inclusiveness and long-term relationships not just with other film programmers (he also contributed to various incarnations of the Birmingham Film Festival) but with the very best people teaching, researching and writing about film in the UK, including, of course, contributors to Sight & Sound.
Perhaps Pete’s most enduring if unsung legacy was his encouragement and generosity in mentoring young people (such as myself) who turned up at his office wanting to work in cinema. Almost without exception, Pete took us on and initiated us into the magic and mystery of his own personal smallest show on earth, and all of us were proud to call him a friend forever afterwards.
After a decade of political and financial difficulties, the cinema at the Triangle was finally closed in 1993. Pete nonetheless found an exciting new job, returning to Ireland to run the cinema programme for the recently established Irish Film Institute in Dublin, where he continued to champion films, filmmakers and would-be film programmers for the best part of another two decades. His hardcore belief in cinema and its diversity was evinced in his top ten selection for the Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll earlier this year in which, after much agonising, Citizen Kane nestled alongside The Honeymoon Killers, Make Way for Tomorrow, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, Ordet, Persona, Rio Bravo, Sátántangó, Sunrise and Vertigo.
Even very near the end of his life, visited by friends and family, he passionately debated the merits of certain movies, slipped out of the hospice for some special cinema visits (Skyfall he loathed, The Master he loved!), enthusiastically planned for future seasons and remained a resolute advocate of the analogue, celluloid and the pleasures of 70mm over digital projection. Pete will be much missed by his many film friends and ever-supportive family. Plans are being made for memorial tribute events to his life and career in Dublin, Birmingham and London.
Thanks to Tony Jones, Roger Shannon and James Mulvey for information in this piece. | 2023-12-28T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5250 |
Analysis of Long-Term Temperature Variations in the Human Body.
Body temperature is a continuous physiological variable. In normal healthy adults, oral temperature is estimated to vary between 36.1°C and 37.2°C. Fever is a complex host response to many external and internal agents and is a potential contributor to many clinical conditions. Despite being one of the foremost vital signs, temperature and its analysis and variations during many pathological conditions has yet to be examined in detail using mathematical techniques. Classical fever patterns based on recordings obtained every 8-12 h have been developed. However, such patterns do not provide meaningful information in diagnosing diseases. Because fever is a host response, it is likely that there could be a unique response to specific etiologies. Continuous long-term temperature monitoring and pattern analysis using specific analytical methods developed in engineering and physics could aid in revealing unique fever responses of hosts and in different clinical conditions. Furthermore, such analysis can potentially be used as a novel diagnostic tool and to study the effect of pharmaceutical agents and other therapeutic protocols. Thus, the goal of our article is to present a comprehensive review of the recent relevant literature and analyze the current state of research regarding temperature variations in the human body. | 2023-11-18T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8164 |
Labour has reported fake election leaflets in the Batley & Spen by-election to the police in the belief that someone is attempting to smear the party's candidate in the contest to replace the late MP Jo Cox.
The leaflets, which use a crude copy of the style used by the pro-EU Stronger In campaign during the EU referendum, ostensibly appear to be in support of Batley & Spen Labour candidate Tracy Brabin.
A Labour spokesperson confirmed to BuzzFeed News that the leaflets had been pushed through doors in the town of Cleckheaton early on Monday morning. It is a criminal offence to distribute election material without an accurate imprint setting out who is responsible for its content.
Former Stronger In staff confirmed they were not responsible for the leaflets, which say: "Stronger IN have an excellent Remain candidate Tracy Brabin who is standing for Labour and who will do everything she can in parliament to try to overturn and derail the disastrous referendum election result."
Labour believes the leaflet is an attempt to smear its candidate by emphasising her pro-EU stance. Voters in the Batley & Spen local council area voted Leave in the referendum and anti-immigration parties have previously done well in the area. | 2024-03-11T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4053 |
Space Advocacy By Space Advocates Is A Failure
"If somebody was scoring this debate, giving a point for each well-supported argument, deducting a point for each weak one, and subtracting multiple points every time somebody conceded the other side's argument, then Mars One lost it hands down. Not only did Barry Finger admit that MIT's technical analysis and criticism was mostly right, but Lansdorp also admitted that their 12-year plan for landing humans to Mars by 2027 is mostly fiction. Furthermore, Lansdorp acknowledged that he pretty much twists the truth into a pretzel for potential investors when he tells them he knows how to do it and how much it will cost. He doesn't have a clue."
".. [The Martian] will soon provide a tremendous opportunity particularly to space advocates to extend that excitement to the general population and to engage broad public support for sending human missions to Mars in the near future. The space advocacy community has tried valiantly to promote that goal through other recent films, such as Interstellar and Gravity. However, while those films were certainly entertaining, neither one aligned very well with our space exploration aspirations."
Keith's note: The space advocacy community - especially the human-oriented subset thereof - seems to be unable to discern bad rocket science from science fiction. On one hand so many of their kind believe in a marketing effort (Mars One) with no real technical plan as if it were real because ... well ... because they believe in anything that has to do with their destiny in space. On the other hand when several space-themed movie blockbusters really get the public's attention the same space advocates whine when America doesn't rush to embrace their own peculiar space exploration notions and blame the movie's scripts for not being in precise tune with the niche views of the true space believers.
Given the chronic inability for the space advocacy community to gain any real traction for their "space exploration aspirations" it is quite clear that whatever they have been doing for decades is really not working. Nor is it going to start working any time soon. If all anyone in the space advocacy community can think of doing involves adoring lame PR Mars mission stunts and grabbing the coat tails of sci fi flicks in hope of sniffing the fumes of the film's success, then I fear there is very little of true substance for space advocates to actually be advocating.
But there is hope. While the human spaceflight subset of the space advocacy community continues to leap mindlessly at every shiny new space thing - with little success, the robotic subset of the space faithful are quietly flying an increasing number of small satellites - in outer space. In so doing they are slowly building a ever-broadening cadre of people - a group that often includes people from outside the band of usual suspects you'd expect to be doing space stuff. These are the sorts of people that space advocates routinely ignore. As a result of these smallsat projects an increasing diverse number of people can now say "yes, I flew something in space".
In many ways space advocates block more access to space than they facilitate due to the the stereotypes that they perpetuate and the population sectors they ignore. If space advocates want to spark a space revolution then they need to forget about all the space evangelism crap and just put actual space access into the hands of everyday citizens. Once people get interested - if they get interested, that is - they'll know what to do when they want more of it.
By the way: if NASA expects to be able to generate and then maintain the multi-decade political and financial juggernaut needed for their #JourneyToMars they ought to be paying very close attention to the limitations of space advocates and the vast untapped potential resident within everyone else.
Categories:
Tags:
Red planet rumble, The Space Review\n\n\"If somebody was scoring this debate, giving a point for each well-supported argument, deducting a point for each weak one, and subtracting multiple points every time somebody conceded the other side's argument, then Mars One lost it hands down. Not only did Barry Finger admit that MIT's technical analysis and criticism was mostly right, but Lansdorp also admitted that their 12-year plan for landing humans to Mars by 2027 is mostly fiction. Furthermore, Lansdorp acknowledged that he pretty much twists the truth into a pretzel for potential investors when he tells them he knows how to do it and how much it will cost. He doesn't have a clue.\"\n\nHarnessing The Martian, The Space Review\n\n\".. [The Martian] will soon provide a tremendous opportunity particularly to space advocates to extend that excitement to the general population and to engage broad public support for sending human missions to Mars in the near future. The space advocacy community has tried valiantly to promote that goal through other recent films, such as Interstellar and Gravity. However, while those films were certainly entertaining, neither one aligned very well with our space exploration aspirations.\"\n\nKeith's note: The space advocacy community - especially the human-oriented subset thereof - seems to be unable to discern bad rocket science from science fiction. On one hand so many of their kind believe in a marketing effort (Mars One) with no real technical plan as if it were real because ... well ... because they believe in anything that has to do with their destiny in space. On the other hand when several space-themed movie blockbusters really get the public's attention the same space advocates whine when America doesn't rush to embrace their own peculiar space exploration notions and blame the movie's scripts for not being in precise tune with the niche views of the true space believers.
This website does not have any connection whatsoever with, endorsement by, or authorization from, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration nor does any product or service being offered or made available to the public have the authorization, support, sponsorship,
or endorsement of, or the development, use, or manufacture by or on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 2023-11-03T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6869 |
It’s been a slow process getting Buffalo Mountain Camp on the road to recovery after an Aug. 5 flood basically destroyed it and many homes further into the Dry Creek community.
But if there’s one message camp director Jason Onks wants people to know, it’s that the 2013 camp season is still on.
“We know we are going to do summer camp 2013,” he said last week. “Day camp will be pretty easy. Residential camp” will be more challenging, he said. “We certainly want to do what is going to be safest. Our position right now really is making people aware of what our needs are. Our biggest need is money,” he said.
Camp 2013 is just part of a developing plan to reinvent the 63-year-old United Methodist Church camp. A five-year-old master plan also is being reinvented because the flood showed leaders that areas where new buildings were supposed to be built aren’t such a good location after all.
“We’d received enough money to begin portions of it. We had planned to build six brand new cabins along the creek between Allison Lodge and down near the pond,” Onks said. “The area where the old pool is was supposed to be the location our new dining hall multi-use facility.
“Thankfully none of that stuff had been built because it would have been totally destroyed by this.”
The delay in getting recovery projects off the ground at the camp comes from in-depth studies the Methodist conference is conducting.
“Our board, and a specific task force, has been assigned to really go deep into the assessment and planning process. We’ve spoken to architects and engineers, which we contracted with ... who have essentially taken our site plan, the master plan we had” and will revamp it.
“We determined certainly that our property is still viable but the extent to which is what we’re really trying to work to understand. We’ve been told that we can certainly rebuild in this flood zone, but we need to know of course what we’re getting into to know what might be possible,” Onks said.
The camp isn’t the only resident in Dry Creek — or other areas affected by the flood — beginning to rebuild. Now that most of the flooded homes and land have been cleaned up and leveled, work is already under way at some locations.
Bill and Wanalynn Chapman, who own WW Miniature Horse Farm, already have two of their horses back in the stables and a new roof on their house. The roof was the first step in repairing the extensive damage to their home, Bill Chapman said.
Samaritan’s Purse workers spent days at the Chapmans’ last month clearing debris, leveling the land and gutting the house down to the studs, rafters and floor joists.
Getting the horses back is another big relief for Wanalynn. Watching her with the tiny equines is like watching a kid with a new toy. They are her pride and joy. The couple’s four dogs are also back home with a temporary dog lot beside the camper where they live in at the top of the property. But Wanalynn said she’s anxious to get the rest of the herd — 21 mares, three more stallions, a donkey, four goats and four cats — back on the farm.
The Chapmans lost 11 horses — including five miniature dwarf horses called the Brat Pack — two goats and a donkey in the flood.
They hope to get started soon on putting the house back together, but all the plans are not in place for that yet. It’s the same all up and down Dry Creek, but some residents will be getting brand new homes at no charge.
“The program we’re calling New Build Washington County will focus on building new houses that were damaged beyond repair or destroyed,” said Tim Norton, advancement officer for the Appalachian Service Project.
“The plan is start with eight houses … get them off the ground, get enough volunteers to come in and do the work. We’re planning to launch this thing in two weeks or no later than the last of October,” he said.
“We have approval for 46 houses. Those are houses identified through the (Washington County) mayor’s office and president of ASP,” Norton said.
In addition to the New Build Washington County, the ASP has another program that will be working simultaneously in the flood-damaged areas. It’s the traditional Tri-Cities program that runs year-round, Norton said. That program will provide assistance to residents whose home structure survived the flood, but needs work to make it safe and habitable.
The total cost for the new building program is around $1.38 million, most of which will be funded through a grant program that will provide $20,000 per home. Norton said local fundraising efforts will provide the remaining $180,000 so that each new home’s cost is around $30,000.
“People are very generous when we have a specific thing we can point them to and say — this is what we’re going to do with your money,” Norton said.
County Mayor Dan Eldridge said the next step will be determining which residents get assistance first and letting them know.
“Our focus right now is prioritizing the needs so we can put all of these resources in the field, actually starting the rebuilding effort,” Eldridge said. “No one has been promised anything. We’re five weeks into this thing. They know help is coming … as of today it’s not been quantified and they don’t know when to expect it,” he said.
“There is a certain degree of frustration and that’s understandable. We’re working as quickly as we can. Unfortunately with very limited resources, to bring order to the process and deliver relief to their circumstances,” it takes time, he said.
Norton said there are still many opportunities for volunteers, both skilled and unskilled, to help on many projects. For more information about volunteering with ASP, call 854-8800.
Onks said Buffalo Mountain Camp also will access its volunteer database soon and those opportunities are also available. To volunteer on projects at the camp, visit the camp website at www.buffalomountaincamp.org.
Onks also said the camp will be involved in Johnson City’s October First Friday by helping get musical acts for the night. Camp representatives will be downtown that night selling T-shirts and providing information about the recovery. The Family Skate Center in Johnson City will host a fundraiser for the camp Sept. 27 called Rollin’ to Recovery. A portion of the $5 entry fee will go to the camp and there will be raffle tickets for door prizes. That is scheduled from 5 to 8:30 p.m.
ASP is also still accepting donations to assist with the recovery effort. Visit the agency’s website at www.asphome.org. | 2024-05-22T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4192 |
Q:
Using a subdomain for email address
I have recently acquired a domain which closely resembles my last name (basically there are two words in my name and the domain is only the second word). The plan was to use a subdomain in order to have email@complete.name.com instead of email@name.com, as completename.com was already taken. I know the sending part is possible, as the sending email is just a header in the email, but I have two remaining issues:
Will my sent emails get caught in spam filters, if yes, how do I resolve this issue?
Will emails sent to this email address get to me if I have email@name.com set up?
A:
The spam filters questions is a very large one and really depends on the content of the messages. What I think you are really asking it whether the connection from your mail server will be accepted by the remote SMTP server, usually referred to as an MTA. MTA are frequently configured to reject connections from MTA's whose reverse DNS lookup does not match the forward lookup. If you are sending mail from some place like Gmail this is not a problem. If you are running your own MTA you have to make sure the reverse DNS entry points to the name of your server.
You will want to at least create a DNS MX record for complete.name.com that points to your MTA and your MTA will need to be configured to recognize that mail for complete.name.com should be delivered to name.com.
| 2024-03-24T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5141 |
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
namespace Microsoft.Azure.Management.Sql.Fluent
{
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Azure.Management.Sql.Fluent.SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition;
using System.Collections.Generic;
internal abstract partial class SqlChildrenOperationsImpl<FluentModelT>
{
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously delete a child resource from Azure SQL server, identifying it by its resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The resource ID of the resource to delete.</param>
/// <return>A representation of the deferred computation of this call.</return>
async Task SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.DeleteByIdAsync(string id, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await this.DeleteByIdAsync(id, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the information about a child resource from Azure SQL server.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">The name of the child resource.</param>
/// <return>An immutable representation of the resource.</return>
FluentModelT SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.Get(string name)
{
return this.Get(name);
}
/// <summary>
/// Deletes a child resource from Azure SQL server, identifying it by its resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The resource ID of the resource to delete.</param>
void SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.DeleteById(string id)
{
this.DeleteById(id);
}
/// <summary>
/// Lists Azure SQL child resources.
/// </summary>
/// <return>The list of resources.</return>
System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyList<FluentModelT> SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.List()
{
return this.List();
}
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously gets the information about a child resource from Azure SQL server using the resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The ID of the resource.</param>
/// <return>An immutable representation of the resource.</return>
async Task<FluentModelT> SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.GetByIdAsync(string id, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return await this.GetByIdAsync(id, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously gets the information about a child resource from Azure SQL server.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">The name of the child resource.</param>
/// <return>A representation of the deferred computation of this call returning the found resource.</return>
async Task<FluentModelT> SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.GetAsync(string name, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return await this.GetAsync(name, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously delete a child resource from Azure SQL server.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">The name of the child resource.</param>
/// <return>A representation of the deferred computation of this call.</return>
async Task SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.DeleteAsync(string name, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await this.DeleteAsync(name, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Deletes a child resource from Azure SQL server.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">The name of the child resource.</param>
void SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.Delete(string name)
{
this.Delete(name);
}
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously lists Azure SQL child resources.
/// </summary>
/// <return>A representation of the deferred computation of this call.</return>
async Task<IReadOnlyList<FluentModelT>> SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.ListAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return await this.ListAsync(cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the information about a child resource from Azure SQL server using the resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The ID of the resource.</param>
/// <return>An immutable representation of the resource.</return>
FluentModelT SqlChildrenOperations.SqlChildrenActionsDefinition.ISqlChildrenActionsDefinition<FluentModelT>.GetById(string id)
{
return this.GetById(id);
}
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously delete a child resource from Azure SQL server, identifying it by its resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The resource ID of the resource to delete.</param>
/// <return>A representation of the deferred computation of this call.</return>
async Task Microsoft.Azure.Management.Sql.Fluent.ISqlChildrenOperations<FluentModelT>.DeleteByIdAsync(string id, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await this.DeleteByIdAsync(id, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Deletes a child resource from Azure SQL server, identifying it by its resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The resource ID of the resource to delete.</param>
void Microsoft.Azure.Management.Sql.Fluent.ISqlChildrenOperations<FluentModelT>.DeleteById(string id)
{
this.DeleteById(id);
}
/// <summary>
/// Asynchronously gets the information about a child resource from Azure SQL server using the resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The ID of the resource.</param>
/// <return>A representation of the deferred computation of this call.</return>
async Task<FluentModelT> Microsoft.Azure.Management.Sql.Fluent.ISqlChildrenOperations<FluentModelT>.GetByIdAsync(string id, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return await this.GetByIdAsync(id, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the information about a child resource from Azure SQL server using the resource ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The ID of the resource.</param>
/// <return>An immutable representation of the resource.</return>
FluentModelT Microsoft.Azure.Management.Sql.Fluent.ISqlChildrenOperations<FluentModelT>.GetById(string id)
{
return this.GetById(id);
}
}
} | 2024-05-08T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5242 |
Abstract:
The Pacific chorus frog, which used to be known as the Pacific treefrog,
is the most abundant kind (species) of frog in Oregon. Pacific chorus frogs are amphibians, like other frogs, toads, and salamanders. The word amphibian means “double life.” These critters are given this
name because they spend some of their life on land and some in water. Frogs also go from living in water as a tadpole to living mostly on land as an adult.
Description:
Published September 2004. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/catalog/catalog | 2023-12-23T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1548 |
Anesthesia is a leading specialty in patient safety advocacy, owing to the development of new technological solutions, applications of patient simulation, and adopting systems and techniques for a safe practice.[@ref1],[@ref2] In addition, anesthesiologists must be vigilant during their shift to provide standard patient care safely. Despite this fact, anesthesiologists often work long hours, which leads to a negative impact on their mood, cognitive function, and alertness. This does not only adversely affect patient care, but could also result in harmful consequences on a personal level.[@ref2]-[@ref8] Sleepiness and fatigue are terms frequently used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. Sleepiness is one's tendency to fall asleep, whereas fatigue is a result of mental and physical exertion and loss of sleep.[@ref9] If not treated early, profound acute fatigue may not be reversed using common compensating mechanisms and can evolve into chronic fatigue. Thus, an extreme expression of fatigue can lead to burnout. Several forms of well-being, including physical, social, emotional, environmental and occupational aspects, are essential for a healthy balanced life.^l^ In a systematic review evaluating how fatigue anesthesiologists may alter patient care, it was concluded that fatigue mitigation is vital to promote safe practice.[@ref10] To obtain an accreditation by The Joint Commission, a nonprofit organization based in the United States, which accredits and licenses health care organizations and clinical training programs, several measures must be adopted to ensure an anesthesiologist is alert and watchful before anesthetizing patients. Strict enforcement of measures to control physician fatigue by hospital administration is recommended, in order to decrease fatigue-related risk among healthcare workers.[@ref11] Recent studies have identified stress and burnout among local residents. Three of these studies suggested that Saudi residents are experiencing a higher level of stress and burnout in comparison to other residents around the globe.[@ref12]-[@ref14] We chose anesthesia residents as a target sample as they had not been evaluated in previous studies, as well as the potentially strong and direct impact of their fatigue on patient safety. Also, a closer scope into a specific specialty will help us understand the contributing factors elevating the risk. This insight can aid in implementing international standards in training safety and the well-being of trainees.
Although local residency programs in Saudi Arabia have been growing, a formal well-being and fatigue mitigation plan is yet to be established. This study will give us a scope of the measurement of fatigue risk in our residents and their sleepiness in 2014 to 2015.
Methods {#sec1-2}
=======
After obtaining local ethical approval, anesthesia residents in Saudi Arabia who were training for the Saudi Board in Anesthesia and Critical Care license were invited to participate. Participation was voluntary and anonymous, and each participant had a particular identification number in the study. The study was launched in April 2014 and data were collected up until April 2105. We included all anesthesia residents who had completed at least 6 months of the 5-year training program. In 2014-2015, the number of registered anesthesia trainees in Saudi Arabia was 168 residents. We excluded all residents training less than 6 months. This is an observational cross-sectional study. We assessed fatigue subjectively using self-reporting surveys, due to their feasibility. A self-reporting questionnaire with previously validated tools was constructed and divided into 2 parts.
The first part included demographic data (age, marital status, number of children, commute time to work, residency level, region of rotation and type of rotation). Sleepiness over the past 6 months was assessed using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Risk of fatigue was assessed using the Checklist for Individual Strength (CIS).
The ESS, an 8-question self-reporting system, was validated to evaluate sleepiness during the daytime in both patients and healthy subjects.[@ref15] Scoring of answers is between 0 and 3 (0 = Never and 3 = High chance of dozing). The scores for the 8 situations are summed and a total of 9 or more indicates excessive daytime sleepiness. The second scale we used was a checklist individual strength (CIS) questionnaire, which is a multidimensional scoring system of 20-statements assessing 4 aspects of fatigue over the past 2 weeks: fatigue experience, concentration, motivation, and physical activity. It was designed to measure several aspects contributing to chronic fatigue. Furthermore, the CIS questionnaire was validated for use in a working population, being a strong predictor of consequent permanent work disability with 90% specificity and 72% sensitivity. Scores greater than 76 suggest fatigue hazard.[@ref16]-[@ref18]
The second part of our survey was a predefined comprehensive fatigue risk assessment that was previously developed by the Australian Medical Association (AMA). This method of risk assessment enabled us to obtain a closer insight of the working pattern of anesthesia residents. Total risk score was calculated for one week based on several factors: hours worked, shift length, extended shifts, number of on-call days, night duties, number of 24-hour breaks, schedule changes, number of nights wherein individuals obtained eight hours of sleep and number of nights when participants thought they had enough sleep.[@ref19] A 7-day table diary was distributed to participants to minimize recall bias. Contact information was attached to allow postage of the survey after it had been completed. The maximum possible score in this assessment method was 20. Scoring was divided into 3 categories: low risk = 0-6, significant risk = 7-9, and high risk = 10-20.
This study was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Simple descriptive statistics were used to define the characteristics of the study variables through a form of counts and percentages for the categorical and nominal variables, whereas continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviations (SD). This study used a chi-square test to establish a relationship between categorical variables, whereas an independent t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance were used to compare 2 or more group means. These tests were carried out with the assumption of normal distribution. Lastly, a *p*-value \<0.05 was the criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis.
Results {#sec1-3}
=======
We received 121 responses, which were estimated to be within the 5% precision level (95% CI, *p*=0.05).[@ref20] Male residents represented 67% of the sample. Of the 121 respondents, 58.3% were married and 40.5% were parents, with a mean age of 29 years (SD of 3.1). Moreover, half of the sample required more than half an hour to reach their working place from their residence. More than half of the sample (78%) were in their junior year and 22% were in their senior year at the time of the study.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) results showed that nearly 70% of our participants reported being excessively sleepy during the day. Gender was the only variable that significantly affected ESS: more females reported being sleepy than males (87.5% versus 60.5%; *p*=0.01).
The CIS questionnaire demonstrated that 54% of residents were labeled as at risk of fatigue. A detailed analysis of CIS questionnaire subscales showed that the mean score for subjective fatigue was 78 ± 9.2. Also, analysis showed a weak negative correlation between fatigue and age (r = -0.225, *p*=0.02).
As for fatigue-related risk, the response rate was 64% (n=77). Based on overall risk score, 69% of our sample possessed at least 7 points, which put them at significant risk of fatigue. Within this group, 27.3% of individuals were at high risk of fatigue, scoring 10 points or more. Approximately 56% of the sample obtained more than 10 hours of break before the start of their work day and only 8.4% did not receive any 24-hour break during that week. The scoring system also evaluated their sleeping pattern through 2 questions: the number of days which they slept for 8 hours straight and the number of days when they woke up feeling that they had obtained enough sleep (**[Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}**). The working pattern among those who reported being excessively sleepy is shown in **[Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}**.
######
Sleeping patterns for all residents for a week.
######
One-week diary for residents reported to be excessively sleepy during April 2014 up to April 2015.
Lastly, a reliability analysis was also performed. Looking at the 3 scores for further analysis, the ESS interpreted a high stake consistency (0.675), whereas both the CIS fatigue measurement and AMA possessed only a moderate level of consistency.
Discussion {#sec1-4}
==========
Since the AMA diary was filled daily by participants before being sent to us, we lost subjects' follow-up. Responses went down from 121 to 77 participants. Moreover, when estimating fatigue and sleepiness in anesthesia residents using the previously mentioned scales, we found that 69.4% of the population reported being excessively sleepy, according to the ESS. Our selected sample mean of excessive daytime sleepiness (10.7 ± 4.1) was higher than the mean from a similar study[@ref21] among general Saudi health care workers (9.4 ± 3.6). Our population also had a higher score in being excessive sleepy compare with the population of the previous study (69.4% versus 39.3%). Such a difference could be rationalized based on differences between the populations studied, as the other study population included all hospital staff medical, paramedical and administrative personnel. Thus, participants in the other study had a different working pattern than that of our residents. Similar data were also observed in a local study looking at acute sleep deprivation in medical residents,[@ref22] closer inspection of participants' sleeping patterns revealed that 74.7% of the sample were sleeping for 8 hours straight only 3 nights or less per week, and some did not sleep for 8 hours straight at all. This pattern of sleep provides an individual high scores in risk of fatigue in regards to AMA. Additionally, we found a significant relationship between obtaining at least 24 hours off and previous patterns of sleep (*p*=0.04). This apparent relationship was also observed with excessive sleepiness on the ESS (*p*=0.01). According to the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia, healthcare providers are expected to work 47 hours per week. Since residents are on unique training programs, their working hours are limited to 208 hours per month; that is, 52 hours per week in a 4-week month. Variations are still allowed so as to meet the requirements of each residency program.[@ref23] In our sample, almost 12.3% of individuals exceeded 70 working hours per week. This does not contradict the 2013 standards of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), however, which allow residents to work up to 80 hours per week for overall in-hospital activities, on condition that there are 10-hour breaks between daily duties. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education standards also state that in order for a residency program to be accredited, the program must include an awareness program to identify fatigue and sleep deprivation, and provide decent sleeping facilities, proper naps and back up plans for patient care in case a resident cannot carry out assigned duty.[@ref24] While reviewing previous related studies, we have found similar results demonstrated the existence of a significant association between female gender and sleepiness, depression scores and depressive symptoms.[@ref12],[@ref14],[@ref22],[@ref25],[@ref26] Burnout, also, was evident in young females.[@ref12] However, the survey tool we used was not designed to detect reasons for increased sleepiness reporting and gender discrepancy. Further study designs to explore contributing factors for this difference would be recommended and modify them. In addition, 54% on CIS and 69% on AMA scale in our sample were labeled at high risk of fatigue. Thus, more than half of our anesthesia residents can be labeled as both sleepy and at risk of fatigue. With regards to demographic data and the work pattern diary, we could not find any significant statistical association. With the exception of the CIS scale, we found that longer years of training were associated with average level of fatigue (*p*=0.03). This finding was also supported by a weak negative correlation between fatigue and age (r=-0.225, *p*=0.02). In other words, chances of fatigue decreased as training and experience increased. This was supported with a positive correlation between age and residency level (*p*\<0.01 in 2-tailed test). This finding fits with the recommendation of ACGME to limit the working hours of first-year-post-graduate residents to fewer than those of senior residents.[@ref24]
Study limitations {#sec2-1}
-----------------
We cannot firmly label our sample to be fatigued or at risk of fatigue. This would require subjective and objective measurement with a tightly structured tool and personal interviews. Currently, there is no single most accurate method, which can confirm fatigue and stress. We therefore used 3 different tools to give an estimated scope for identifying fatigue. Another limitation we faced was a lower response rate of the third scale in comparison to the ESS and CIS scale. Since daily schedules and working hours of anesthesiologists can vary and we wanted daily recording of the diary for accurate results, we received incomplete surveys of the fatigue-related risk diary or occasionally none at all. The difference in response rate with this tool likely decreased precision by only 5-10%.[@ref20] This precision level was successfully achieved by minimizing the number of non-compliant participants by sending reminders to participants to complete the diary and forward it back to us. Lastly, we were unable to study any relationship between number of night shifts and risk of fatigue and sleepiness effectively, since at the time of the study the local anesthesia residency program had a minimum of 3 on-calls per month. Consequently, we captured one on-call per week for most of the residents during the one-week diary.
In conclusion, more than half of our sample was at risk of fatigue. Residency by itself; however, may not be directly exhausting the residents and causing their lack of sleep with the reported number of on calls and working hours. There was no significant relationship between our scales and residency training; hence, there is a knowledge gap for what makes our residents fatigue. This may be explained by local social and behavioral habits (namely, social gatherings in some areas occur only at night and can extend until after midnight), improper sleep hygiene or lack of education on coping strategies for the stressful daily life that individuals face in our medical society. It is necessary to study this theory. We believe that the best approach for alertness management and fatigue mitigation is to implement a residents' well-being program, educating them with tools to recognize stress and fatigue, and methods to manage stress and reduce fatigue. Alertness can be sustained by proper sleep hygiene, strategic consumption of caffeine, planned naps, and a balanced nutritious diet.[@ref27] Since nearly half of our sample required more than 30 minutes to reach home, we also highly recommend providing an optional sleeping facility and safe transportation option for those who are too exhausted to drive.
In conclusion, all 3 scales suggested the presence of fatigue risk among anesthesia residents. This could be multifactorial, affected by long shifts or cultural and lifestyle habits. Further studies are advised to determine correlations between other factors and residents' fatigue. After that, we recommend starting a residents' well-being program to manage stress and decrease fatigue risk among anesthesia residents, as well as increasing awareness of healthy sleeping habits and highlighting the importance of sleep hygiene. This program could ensure that residents remain physically and mentally healthy during their training while providing patient care safely. This could be the first step in establishing a comprehensive plan to mitigate fatigue in all healthcare settings.
**Disclosure.** Authors have no conflict of interests, and the work was not supported or funded by any drug company.
| 2024-06-07T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4485 |
An artist's impression of Sirius A and B
This picture is an artist's impression showing how the binary star system of Sirius A and its diminutive blue companion, Sirius B, might appear to an interstellar visitor. The large, bluish-white star Sirius A dominates the scene, while Sirius B is the small but very hot and blue white-dwarf star on the right. The two stars revolve around each other every 50 years. White dwarfs are the leftover remnants of stars similar to our Sun. The Sirius system, only 8.6 light-years from Earth, is the fifth closest stellar system known. Sirius B is faint because of its tiny size. Its diameter is only 7,500 miles (about 12 thousand kilometres), slightly smaller than the size of our Earth. The Sirius system is so close to Earth that most of the familiar constellations would have nearly the same appearance as in our own sky. In this rendition, we see in the background the three bright stars that make up the Summer Triangle: Altair, Deneb, and Vega. Altair is the white dot above Sirius A; Deneb is the dot to the upper right; and Vega lies below Sirius B. But there is one unfamiliar addition to the constellations: our own Sun is the second-magnitude star, shown as a small dot just below and to the right of Sirius A. | 2023-09-14T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7088 |
While on patrol a CCU DPS officer observed a vehicle being driven in an unsafe manner and stopped the vehicle to investigate. The driver was interviewed and asked to attempt SFSTs. The driver was not able to successfully complete the SFSTs and was taken into custody. The driver was transported to a breath testing facility but refused to provide a sample. The driver was issued a citation and transported to the Horry County Detention Center. | 2024-05-05T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9930 |
Kotegawa Yui
À propos
An uptight, high-strung girl placed in Rito's class during the second year, Yui has little to no tolerance for anything she does not consider to be "acceptable behavior", ironically despite this seems to secretly desire for Rito to do them to her (where in the OVA 5 she states "you can only do naughty things to me"). Her haughty opinions, quick temper, and habit of speaking her mind often results in her vocally reprimanding classmates. Yui quickly grows annoyed and disgusted by eccentricities and bizarre actions, particularly with regards to Rito and Lala. Unfortunately, almost every encounter with Rito usually ends up with her embarrassed, naked or groped, and although though her nature prevents her from easing her behavior, she does slowly warm up to his usual antics. After Rito saves Yui from a group of delinquents, she develops feelings for Rito, although her inexperience with boys leaves her unable to understand her feelings and continually denies her feelings to herself. And when Rito usually asks what's wrong, she says the exact opposite of what she wants to say and then hurts him in some way (a typical Tsundere). A common gag is that newer characters cannot remember Kotegawa's family name, presumably due to the fact she is generally an unwilling participant in Lala's frequent schemes. Also she really likes cats – owning cat based books, having a stuffed cat, decorating her room with cat shaped things, shaping her chocolate into a cat's face, and even having a cat-themed floaty, something Rito seems to find cute about her. According to Mio, her measurements are B88, W59, H87. | 2024-03-20T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3419 |
Written By Kristina Costa
In the last two weeks, as coronavirus has spread throughout the country, nearly 10 million Americans have filed new claims for unemployment benefits. The headline number is unprecedented in American history—the previous high-water mark for weekly claims was 695,000 in 1982—but the figure is even more staggering in context. In the last two weeks, 3.8 percent of working-age Americans in the labor force have lost their jobs. In comparison, it took nearly two years during the Great Recession for the employment rate to drop that much.
Washington has passed more than $2 trillion in emergency relief bills to help respond to the coronavirus pandemic. But with the exception of expanded unemployment insurance, one-time checks to some households, a too-limited paid family leave policy, and some targeted aid for small businesses, the vast majority of those trillions have been aimed at bailing out large corporations—with no strings attached to encourage companies to keep workers on payroll until the pandemic passes.
Now, reports indicate that the White House and congressional lawmakers want to focus the next stimulus package around infrastructure spending. That would be a serious miscalculation.
Don’t get me wrong, I love infrastructure investment. I’ve written about it a lot (a lot) over my career. The United States has needed to be doing a lot more of it for decades. But the bulk of the unemployment claims pouring in right now are from workers in the service industry—bartenders, cooks, retail employees, hairstylists, and more. This isn’t the 1930s; you can’t just pick up a shovel and help build the Hoover Dam anymore. Your unemployed neighborhood barback is not going to start hauling bricks instead of kegs.
By all means, include some infrastructure spending in at least one of the stimulus bills that will be necessary to get the economy back on its feet. But infrastructure spending is not likely to do much to help the workers who need it most right now.
What will? Here are four ideas:
1. Pay workers—including contractors—replacement wages, right now. People didn’t start losing their jobs en masse because of a structural downturn—they’re losing their jobs because of coronavirus. When the pandemic gets back under control, there are no fundamental reasons why most people couldn’t go back to work at their previous places of employment. That’s why countries like the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, and Canada are paying employers to keep their staff on payroll, and the U.K. is even providing payments to contractors and freelancers who have seen their business decline. Republicans in Congress would probably decry this approach as “paying people not to work,” but nobody is choosing not to work right now—they are following public-health directives to save lives. Employee turnover also poses significant costs to businesses in the best of times. The more the government does to keep people on payroll, the faster the country can get back to work once the crisis has passed.
2. Provide rental assistance for households and small businesses. While the recent bill passed by Congress allows homeowners affected by coronavirus to defer mortgage payments, it offered no assistance to America’s 44 million renters. On April 1, rent came due. While some property owners have cut their tenants a break, a much more comprehensive response is needed. And while small businesses can apply for loans, they’ll be charged four percent interest—a significant added burden for businesses like restaurants and bars, where rent is among the biggest expenses. (Banks are also warning that, despite the promises made by the Trump Administration, the emergency loan program for small businesses may take weeks or longer to get off the ground.) Congress should make direct payment assistance available for household and small business renters alike, rather than relying on the kindness of individual landlords.
3. Send cash to states and localities. State and local governments are burning through their budgets to respond to coronavirus. That means the jobs and services these governments provide will be at risk of being cut in the months ahead, absent an influx of funding from the federal government. Some 674,000 state and local-government jobs in education, health care, social services, and other areas were lost in the Great Recession. Many of those jobs never came back—which has now come back to bite us, as local public-health agencies and state unemployment offices don’t have nearly enough personnel to respond to the crushing demand for services.
4. Re-open the Obamacare exchanges. Earlier this week, the Trump administration announced that it would not open the Affordable Care Act exchanges for emergency enrollments, even though it has done so in the aftermath of previous natural disasters. That is the most partisan and short-sighted move imaginable in the context of a global pandemic, which will increase demand for health-care services. As a former FEMA official said, the coronavirus pandemic is like if Hurricane Katrina hit all 50 states. The administration should act like it—and make it easier for people to get the health care they need.
And after all of that, our economy will still need long-term stimulus. Even if the U.S. public health response goes perfectly and the coronavirus pandemic is contained within the next few weeks—and there’s no reason to expect that it will—the economy won’t get back on its feet without help. Last week, job postings were 15 percent lower than in the same week in 2019, according to Indeed’s Hiring Lab. Supply chains are going to be tied in knots for months as countries around the world slowly come back online.
This is where infrastructure spending should come into play—and the good news is House Speaker Nancy Pelosi seems to be moving in that direction. Infrastructure spending boosts job growth and private-sector output in the long run. Such investment should also be designed to last, with dedicated funding streams for clean energy, energy efficiency, resilient infrastructure, and school construction—projects that will benefit Americans for generations to come. Another slug of money for states should be included in long-term stimulus, too, including money earmarked for public colleges and universities, which saw their funding slashed in the last recession. And it’s never too soon to begin planning for the next pandemic by patching the biggest hole in our social safety net and at last providing universal paid sick and family leave.
The coronavirus pandemic is highlighting the inequalities in our society—and in our politics—as few crises ever have. But it’s also showing us where we need to urgently repair our social fabric. The next coronavirus response bill should address the needs American workers have now, not the ones they’ll need when the danger of the virus recedes.
Kristina Costa served in the Obama White House and was a policy advisor for Hillary Clinton on the 2016 campaign. She is currently a McCourt Scholar at Georgetown University and an advisor at Fenway Strategies. Even her indoor cat is getting cabin fever. | 2024-02-24T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8020 |
package org.salesforce.apexdoc;
public class ClassGroup {
private String strName;
private String strContentSource;
public ClassGroup(String strName, String strContent) {
this.strName = strName;
this.strContentSource = strContent;
}
public String getName() {
return strName;
}
public void setName(String strName) {
this.strName = strName;
}
public String getContentSource() {
return strContentSource;
}
public void setContentSource(String strContent) {
this.strContentSource = strContent;
}
public String getContentFilename() {
if (strContentSource != null) {
int idx1 = strContentSource.lastIndexOf("/");
int idx2 = strContentSource.lastIndexOf(".");
if (idx1 != -1 && idx2 != -1) {
return strContentSource.substring(idx1 + 1, idx2);
}
}
return null;
}
}
| 2024-06-09T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3011 |
The use of vortex flaps as a leading edge device for reducing the lift-dependent drag of highly-swept, thin wing aircraft that are prone to leading edge flow separation and vortex formation, has been extended and adapted for aircraft control, particularly at high angles of attack where conventional trailing edge surfaces lose effectiveness. Down-deflected vortex flaps capture the vortex suction on their upper surfaces to generate an aerodynamic thrust force component that results in drag reduction. Conversly, up-deflection of flaps magnifies the vortex to thereby increase wing lift accompanied by a drag force on the flaps. The present invention combines the advantageous features of up and down deflected vortex flaps to induce thrust and drag forces in order to generate directional control momemets. Similarly, the differential operation of the flaps creates unequal lift increments on the wing panels to generate lateral moments. The segmented, differentially actuated flaps of the present invention thereby improve the ability and agility of high-swept thin wing aircraft during maneuvering at high angles of attack. | 2024-06-01T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9595 |
Phase I study of pazopanib plus TH-302 in advanced solid tumors.
To define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RPTD), and assess safety and tolerability for the combination of pazopanib plus TH-302, an investigational hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), in adult patients with advanced solid tumors. This was an open-label, non-randomized, single-center, phase I trial consisting 2 stages. Stage 1 was a standard "3 + 3" dose escalation design to determine safety and the RPTD for TH-302 plus pazopanib combination. Stage 2 was an expanded cohort to better describe the tolerability and toxicity profile at the MTD. Pazopanib was orally dosed at 800 mg daily on days 1-28 for all cohorts. TH-302 was administered intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle at doses of 340 mg/m2 (cohort 1) or 480 mg/m2 (cohort 2). Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed in the first 28-day cycle. Efficacy was assessed every 2 cycles. Thirty patients were enrolled between December 2011 and September 2013. In the dose escalation stage, 7 patients were enrolled in the 340 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort and 6 patients in the 480 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort. Ten patients were evaluable for DLT. DLTs included grade 2 intolerable esophagitis (n = 1) in the 340 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort, and grade 3 vaginal inflammation (n = 1) and grade 3 neutropenia with grade 3 thrombocytopenia (n = 1, same patient) in the 480 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort. The 340 mg/m2 TH-302 cohort was determined to be MTD and RPTD. The most common treatment-related adverse events were hematologic (anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia), nausea/vomiting, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, constipation, fatigue, mucositis, anorexia, pain, and hypertension. Partial response (PR) was observed in 10% (n = 3) of patients, stable disease (SD) in 57% (n = 17), and progressive disease (PD) in 23% (n = 7). Due to toxicity, 3 patients were discontinued from study drug prior to first radiographic assessment but were included in these calculations. Disease control ≥6 months was observed in 37% of patients (n = 11). The RPTD for this novel combination is pazopanib 800 mg daily on days 1-28 plus TH-302 340 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Preliminary activity was seen in treatment-refractory cancers and supports potential value of co-targeting tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxia. | 2024-06-01T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5443 |
repair
A mouse with malfunctioning buttons can be a frustrating to deal with — and usually a short leap to percussive maintenance. Standard fixes may not always last due to inferior build quality of the components, or when the microswitch won’t close at all. But, for mice that double/triple-click, will release when dragging, or mis-click on release, this Arduino-based hack may be the good medicine you’re after.
Instructables user [themoreyouknow]’s method cancels click malfunctions by latching the mouse’s controller switch trace to ‘on’ when pressed, keeping it there until the button normally closed contact closes again completely. Due to the confined spaces, you’ll want to use the smallest Arduino you can find, some insulating tape to prevent any shorts, and care to prevent damaging the wires this process adds to the mouse when you cram it all back together.
Before you take [themoreyouknow]’s guide as dogma, the are a few caveats to this hack; they are quick to point out that this won’t work on mice that share two pins between three buttons — without doing it the extra hard way, and that this might be trickier on gaming or other high-end mice, so attempt at your own peril.
While this video is a bit old, involved repair videos never go out of style. What makes this video really special is that it breaks from the common trend of “watch me solder in silence” (or it’s close cousin, “watch me solder to loud music”). Instead, [RetroGameModz] walks you through what they’re doing, step by step in their repair of a motherboard. And boy do they have their work cut out for them: the motherboard they’re working on has definitely seen better days. Specifically, it was better before corrosion from a leaking electrolytic capacitor and the well-meaning touch of its owner.
After a quick review of the damage, all of the components are removed from the battle zone. Then the cleaning begins, taking special precautions not to rip pads up. After everything’s cleaned up, things get really interesting. [RetroGameModz] starts to make their own pads from raw copper using the old pads as templates to replace the missing ones on the motherboard. After a bit of epoxy, it’s hard to tell that the pads were handmade, they fit in so well.
This epoxy trick is also used to deal with some heavily damaged traces, cool! During this repair, [RetroGameModz] used an epoxy that is heat resistant up to 315°C for 60 seconds. If you ever find any kind of epoxy on the market that is specified to be heat resistant up to more than 315°C, [RetroGameModz] would be quite happy if you could leave some info in the comment section, as they’ve found high-temperature epoxies quite difficult to source.
This goes to show that some repairs really should be done by professionals. [RetroGameModz] surely agrees, stating that “If you are not a repair technician and your motherboard has stopped working, it would be in the best of your own interest not to attempt a repair that you really cannot handle.” Good advice. But, we can never resist trying to fix things ourselves before handing things off to the more experienced. Call it a vice, or a virtue; we’ll call it fun.
What do you think? Are there some repairs you rely on technicians for? Or do you fix everything yourself? Let us know in the comments.
The Seadoo GTI Sea Scooter is a simple conveyance, consisting of a DC motor and a big prop in a waterproof casing. By grabbing on and firing the motor, it can be used to propel oneself underwater. However, [ReSearchITEng] had problems with their unit, and did what hackers do best – cracked it open to solve the problem.
Investigation seemed to suggest there were issues with the logic of the motor controller. The original circuit had a single FET, potentially controlled through PWM. The user interfaced with the controller through a reed switch, which operates magnetically. Using reed switches is very common in these applications as it is a cheap, effective way to make a waterproof switch.
It was decided to simplify things – the original FET was replaced with a higher-rated replacement, and it was switched hard on and off directly by the original reed switch. The logic circuitry was bypassed by cutting traces on the original board. [ReSearchITEng] also goes to the trouble of highlighting potential pitfalls of the repair – if the proper care isn’t taken during the reassembly, the water seals may leak and damage the electronics inside.
Overall it’s a solid repair that could be tackled by any experienced wielder of a soldering iron, and it keeps good hardware out of the landfill. For another take on a modified DC motor controller, check out the scooter project of yours truly.
Surely a blown light bulb can’t kill a microwave oven, right? You might not expect it to, but that was indeed the root cause of a problem that [mikeselecticstuff] recently investigated; the cascade of failures is instructive to say the least.
While the microwave that made its way to [mike]’s bench wasn’t exactly engineered to fail, it surely was not designed to succeed. We won’t spoil the surprise, but suffice it to say that his hopes for a quick repair after the owner reported a bang before it died were dashed by an arc across the interior light bulb that put a pulse of mains voltage in places it didn’t belong. That the cascade of failures killed the appliance is a testament to how designing to a price point limits how thoroughly devices can be tested before production runs in the millions are stuffed into containers for trips to overseas markets.
Even though [mike] made his best effort to adhere to the Repair Manifesto, the end result was a scrapped microwave. It wasn’t a total loss given the interesting parts inside, but a disappointment nonetheless unless it forces us to keep in mind edge-case failure modes in our designs.
I’m always on the lookout for a quality addition to my lab that would respect my strict budget. Recently, I’ve found myself pushing the Hertz barrier with every other project I do and hence desperately wanted a high bandwidth scope. Unfortunately, only recently have 70 MHz to 100 MHz become really affordable, whilst a new quad channel oscilloscope in the 500 MHz to 1 GHz range still costs a fortune to acquire. My only option was to find an absolute miracle in the form of an old high bandwidth scope.
It seemed the Gods of Hand Me Down electronics were smiling upon me when I found this dumpster destined HP 54542C. It appeared to be in fairy good shape and was the Top Dog in its day. But something had to be broken right? Sure enough, the screen was clearly faulty and illegible. Want to know how I fixed it? Four letters: FPGA.
There are persistent rumors that the main ingredient in JB Weld is magic. This two-part epoxy that you would normally find on a shelf next to your basic 5-minute epoxy, Titebond, various cyanoacrylates, and Gorilla glue is somehow different. Stories of ‘some guy’ in the Yukon using JB Weld on a cracked engine block abound. These stories are of course met with skepticism.
Now, finally, we have evidence you can use JB Weld to fix an engine. [Project Farm] over on YouTube gave it the ultimate test: he took the cylinder head off a lawnmower, took a grinder to the head, and patched the hole with JB Weld. The head had good compression, and the engine actually ran for 20 minutes before the test was concluded.
If this were a test of a field repair, it would be a test of an extremely crappy field repair. [Project Farm] made no attempt to ensure the piston didn’t make contact with the blob of JB Weld, and in fact, there was some slight knocking from the piston tapping against a blob of epoxy. Still, this repair worked.
While this serves as proof of the feasibility of repairing an engine block with JB Weld, there is one ultimate test of JB Weld epoxy: build an engine out of it. For years, I’ve been casting my leftover JB Weld into a small square plastic container. In a few more years, I’ll have a block of JB Weld ‘stock’, large enough to machine the parts for a small (.049 cc) glow engine, like what you would find in ye olde tymie model planes and cars. Will it work? I have no idea, but now I can’t wait to find out.
Nothing says ‘I Love You’ like an old vending machine, and if it is a restored and working vintage Vendo V-80 cola dispenser then you have yourself a winner. [Jan Cumps] from Belgium was assigned the repair of the device in question by a friend. He started off with just a working refrigerator and no electronics. In a series of repairs, he began with replacing the mechanical coin detector’s switches with optical and magnetic sensors to detect the movement of the coin. These sensors are in turn connected to an Arduino which drives the dispensing motor. The motor itself had to be rewound as part of the repair. Since the project is on a deadline, the whole thing is finished using protoboards and through-hole parts. The final system works by dispensing one frosty bottle every time a coin is inserted.
In contrast to most vending machine repairs, this project was a simple one. Instead of using an off-the-shelf coin detector, a simple LED and photodiode pair brought the hack to life. This could easily be adapted to any machine and even be used to create a DIY vending machine on the cheap. Continue reading “Vintage Vending Machine Makes The Perfect Gift”→ | 2024-05-21T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2247 |
Typical is not a word which I often use to describe an interior, or at least not one which I plan to create. Why go for typical when you can afford to be unique?
Choosing and purchasing a home is a personal journey which already says a lot about the lifestyle you are comfortable in or that which you crave to be a part of.
For its’ size, Malta has a lot of variety on offer when it comes to architectural style. A good part of our homes are historical properties which offer a sense of grandeur and established wealth. More recently we have seen many new developments and properties in an extreme modern, futuristic style being built offering a different kind of opulence, a 21st century modern luxury. Although the exterior of a property, and in historical the structure itself, can often be dictated somewhat by the authorities, the interior should be dictated by the inhabitant and reflect their personal lifestyle.
Inspiration must come from the personalities of the owners of a home bearing in mind the existing personality of the built and that of the void spaces of the property. The interior should be a reflection of your likes and dislikes, your way of life, your comfort zone.
The above is the ideal situation, so how can you go about creating this in your home? Remember one thing, there are no rules, rather there are guidelines and the interpretation of these should be different in every case as no two people or two homes are identical (even those in North American subdivisions are intrinsically slightly different if you had to look really close J).
It is important to find a balance in a space between the elements working together to create the ultimate desired atmosphere. Many people aim for the luxurious look but remember, luxury need not mean extravagant to the point where a home becomes stifling making it impossible to feel at ease in your own home. Luxury could also be understated to a point of refinement that the homeowners and their guests can enjoy the home in every space and in every dynamic without feeling overwhelmed by the décor.
Look for authentic products, originals pieces and furniture made out of natural materials to give your home the balance and comfort which will allow you to feel at ease in your environment. Strive to use elements of real wood, even in their natural state, furniture crafted by hand giving the artisanal quality of the pride and love that went into the making of it, accessories reminiscent of age old crafts like basket weaving, hand painted ceramic and porcelain pieces, carpets made by traditional methods, cloisonné, fabrics made of cotton and linen which allow you to breath and keep your mind and soul at ease. These essentials mixed in with contemporary furniture will help you create a sense of belonging and peace in your new home.
Discover the potential your new home can offer you by creating something truly yours. Whether it is a palazzo with an overwhelmingly classic interior, abundantly found in the area of the Grand Harbour; an apartment on the 15th floor with views of Sliema Creek done up in a 5 star hotel style with all the modern luxuries you can imagine or simply a beachside casual, calm retreat across from St Paul’s Bay Islands.
Remember it is your personal oasis as you first imagined it when you walked through the door. | 2024-02-04T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4898 |
Q:
Position included Pdf in twosided document using A4 papersize and C5 layout
I want to position included Pdf in twosided document, actual size C5 but printed on A4 paper, showing cropping marks. Included Pdf has already set hmarginratio to 2:3, so I need to center him correctly. The bellow example position correctly on right side.
\documentclass[ %draft
% , demo % black boxes instead of figures
, 8pt, a4paper, twoside, openright]{extbook}
\usepackage%[showframe]
{geometry}
% Basic geometry of document
\geometry
{ headsep = \baselineskip
, textwidth = 42\baselineskip
, textheight = 60\baselineskip
, hmarginratio = 2:3
, vmarginratio = 2:3
, bindingoffset = 0cm
, onecolumn
, layout=c5paper
, layoutoffset = {2cm,2cm}
, showcrop
}
% Geometry of the cover pages
\newcommand\covergeometry{\newgeometry
{ textwidth = 42\baselineskip
, textheight = 60\baselineskip
, hmarginratio = 1:1
, vmarginratio = 2:3
, bindingoffset = 0cm
, onecolumn
, layout=c5paper
, layoutoffset = {2cm,2cm}
, showcrop
}}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-2]
\clearpage
\lipsum[1-2]
\clearpage
\lipsum[1-2]
\clearpage
\lipsum[1-2]
\clearpage
\lipsum[1-2]
\clearpage
\covergeometry
\makeatletter
\includepdf[
pages={2,1,3,4},
turn=false,
width=\Gm@layoutwidth,
height=\Gm@layoutheight,
offset={\dimexpr(\Gm@layoutwidth-\paperwidth)/2+\Gm@layouthoffset\relax}
{\dimexpr(\paperheight-\Gm@layoutheight)/2-\Gm@layoutvoffset\relax}
]{gram.pdf}
\makeatother
\restoregeometry
\clearpage
\end{document}
A:
Centering the layout offset in geometry settings
, layouthoffset=\dimexpr(\paperwidth-\csname Gm@layoutwidth\endcsname)/2\relax
, layoutvoffset = 2cm
together with adjusting the offset of included pdf helped to adjust the included pdf.
offset={\dimexpr(\paperwidth-\csname Gm@layoutwidth\endcsname)/2-\csname Gm@layouthoffset\endcsname\relax}
{\dimexpr(\paperheight-\csname Gm@layoutheight\endcsname)/2-\csname Gm@layoutvoffset\endcsname\relax}
| 2024-02-12T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5867 |
Hello. I do not know if there was a change to Chrome or a change to Plex Web App. Regardless, I can no longer fling media to my Plex clients using the Plex Web App on Chrome as expected. The issue is that it wants to search from Chromecast devices, and the only way to prevent this behavior and to force Plex Web App to act as expected is to set the Media Router flag in Chrome://flags to disabled. Only then can I see and fling media to the Plex clients on my network.
Again, not sure of the root issue. However, it looks like the web app code is testing for the browser type, and if it is Chrome, then changes up the companion functionality to look for Chromecast devices. If so, that is quite a giant assumption to make. Developers, will you please implement something so that I can fling media using Chrome without having to modify the experimental flags (or use an undesirable browser)? Perhaps a Plex setting which gives users a choice? Thanks.
Chrome version: 51.0.2704.106 (64-bit)
Mac OS X 10.11.5. All updates installed. | 2024-02-29T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2568 |
Monday, January 9, 2017
Believe & Your Shall Receive by Pastor John Harris
This week Pastor John preaches on Believe and you shall receive!
Getting to a place where you God is in total control.
Zachariah and him questioning the answered prayer.
Not allowing the enemy to affect your mind.
Tune into this weeks message and Believe who God has called you to be.
International Living Word Cathedral
Headed by Pastor John Harris and First Lady Luella Harris | 2024-05-13T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4436 |
We speak to the country's immigration minister, a former Somali refugee, and discuss the toll of US airstrikes in Iraq.
From this Episode
Headliner: Is Canada the world's refugee role model?
The issue of immigration continues to divide public opinion around the world, but the Canadian government says it is charting a different course. Canada is regarded as a role model for its acceptance and treatment of immigrants at a time when many countries are closing their borders and anti-refugee sentiment is high.
When asked, however, why the number of refugees went down from 55,000 to 40,000 in 2017 in the midst of an ongoing and massive global refugee crisis, the country's Immigration Minister, Ahmed Hussen, says: "2016 was an exceptional year because of the Syrian refugee response. We always knew that would be an exceptional year. But if you take out that year and you compare 2017 with our previous years, you will see that the numbers are higher."
With regards to US President Donald Trump's travel ban, Hussen doesn't believe a similar policy would be put forward in Canada.
"I would call it a wrong-headed policy if the opposition in Canada proposed such a measure, but I don't think they would," says Hussen.
In this week's Headliner, we speak with Ahmed Hussen, a former Somali refugee who now serves as Canada's Immigration Minister, about the country's ambitious immigration policy.
Special Discussion: Is the US covering up civilian deaths in Iraq?
The United States claims the war on ISIL is "one of the most precise air campaigns in history," saying that only one in every 157 airstrikes in Iraq results in a civilian death.
A recent New York Times investigation, however, found that civilians in Iraq are actually dying at 31 times that rate. So, why do so many of their deaths remain uncounted?
"What we found is that in about half of the total airstrikes...that resulted in civilian deaths, of those civilian death airstrikes, half of them were the result of poor or outdated intelligence, most likely. We were unable to discern an ISIS target nearby," says Azmat Khan, co-author of the New York Times Magazine investigation, The Uncounted.
"I came to the conclusion that many internally know that these numbers are vastly wrong, and have done very little to try to correct them".
John Tirman, Executive Director at MIT's Center for International Studies and author of the book, The Deaths of Others: The Fate of Civilians in America's Wars, says: "I think it's the unwillingness to confront the horror of what has occurred on the ground that creates this turning away and indifference, basically."
In thisspecial discussion, Azmat Khan and John Tirman shed light on whether the US military is lying about the real impact of its airstrikes in Iraq. | 2023-08-06T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1880 |
Industrial Filtration
Noam Urim Industrial filter medias help to make processes more efficient, save resources and protect our environment, thereby raising the quality of life.
Filter media designed to offer solutions for a variety of operational environments and temperatures: high humidity, sand, salt, dust, particles and germs. Both outdoor and indoor.
Most common applications: air Intake engines, pollution control systems, painting areas and ventilation systems.
They give more performance, last longer, save space and money.
The filter medias are developed cooperatively and tested in line with our customers’ individual specifications. | 2024-06-08T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6990 |
Dedicated to the conservation and restoration of nature, The Larch Company is a non-membership for-profit organization that represents species that cannot talk and humans not yet born. A deciduous conifer, the western larch has a contrary nature.
44. Chimney Rock (Chimney Rock Unit)
What to Expect: A steep but short hike to a rim with Cascade peak views
Distance: 5.2 miles round trip
Elevation Change: 3,100-3,300 feet
Drinking Water: No
Best Times: All year
USGS 7.5' Map: Stearns Butte
Oregon Map Starting Point: Prineville
Go south on OR 27 approximately 16 miles to Chimney Rock Campground. Park at the trailhead on the rim side of the road. The trail is constructed; it rises quickly to the rim and ends at Chimney Rock. The area is cow-free, so note the desert crust. | 2023-09-22T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1174 |
Robert Corr, DDS MS • Ryan Jack, DDS MS •
Welcome to Apex Endodontics
If you are visiting us, it is probably because your dentist told you that you need "root canal treatment". Please don't be nervous, it is our top priority to make sure you are comfortable every step of the way.
Endodontists, or "root canal specialists", work closely with your general dentist to promote your overall dental health and save your natural teeth. We will take as much time as is needed to be sure you understand your treament options, and to provide the best possible care for you.
This website has been developed to acquaint you with our office and team, and is designed to speed up your check-in process by allowing you to complete some of the paperwork before you arrive. If you are a new patient or a referring dentist, please call 719-282-6600 for your login information
Our Mission
Our Mission is simple: To provide you with the finest endodontic treatment available anywhere. Your comfort is our number one priority. We make no compromises in our commitment to quality care and to excellence in endodontic treatment.
Our office opened in the Spring of 2009 with the goal of being the most technologically advanced endodontic clinic in Colorado Springs.
Patient Testimonials
Dr.Jack Ryan, Victor, and the front ladies are just awesome!!! Your office is just so caring and understanding to the needs of your patients. You should be so proud of the work and service you give to others.
This visit was the conclusion of a root canal started a few months prior. It had been delayed due to an issue on my part where I injured the tooth by biting one of my daily meds in half. I was greeted by name by the girls at the front desk and soon taken back to begin the procedure by Dr. Corr. He is very thorough in negating any pain I might encounter and narrated each step of the procedure so I knew what was happening and when. I was so relaxed I did fall asleep a few times. When it was over, he explained what exactly he had done to my tooth and what pain I could expect for the next few days. He was very intent on making sure that if I had any problems, concerns, or pain, to call the office immediately. I'm glad my dentist, Dr. Schulz recommended Dr. Corr's office for my treatment. I will definitely return if I need specialized dental treatment. Thank you Dr. Corr and all your amazing staff!!
The service I received was spectacular. They explained everything to me. They called the day after both portions to ensure that I was responding well to the treatment received. I do not believe I have ever had a dentist call after major work to see if I was ok. Dr. Corr did a wonderful job. I would recommend everyone come to this establishment for major dental treatment. You will be treated well and provided excellent care. Blessings to Apex Endodontics.
Can't tell you how great the experience was compared to what I thought it would be, since I'd never had a root canal. Dr. Jack and his assistant led me through the op, I knew what they were going to do, they did as they said, and I was ready to go after the procedure. Can't ask for more than that. | 2024-03-23T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5663 |
--- !tapi-tbd-v3
archs: [ armv7, armv7s, arm64, arm64e ]
uuids: [ 'armv7: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', 'armv7s: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000',
'arm64: 467A6F35-E60E-3963-8760-AADA1D20D95F', 'arm64e: 068D3F6D-A81E-35F2-BAAF-1A0E253117A7' ]
platform: ios
install-name: '/usr/lib/swift/libswiftCoreNFC.dylib'
current-version: 0
exports:
- archs: [ armv7, armv7s, arm64, arm64e ]
symbols: [ '_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateMp', '_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateP03tagdE0_22didInvalidateWithErrorySo0cdE0C_s0K0_ptFTj',
'_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateP03tagdE0_22didInvalidateWithErrorySo0cdE0C_s0K0_ptFTq',
'_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateP03tagdE0_9didDetectySo0cdE0C_SayAA0C0OGtFTj',
'_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateP03tagdE0_9didDetectySo0cdE0C_SayAA0C0OGtFTq',
'_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateP03tagdE15DidBecomeActiveyySo0cdE0CFTj',
'_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateP03tagdE15DidBecomeActiveyySo0cdE0CFTq',
'_$s7CoreNFC27NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateTL', '_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagO11isAvailableSbvg',
'_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagO11isAvailableSbvpMV', '_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagO6feliCayACSo07NFCFeliE3Tag_pcACmFWC',
'_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagO6miFareyACSo05NFCMiE3Tag_pcACmFWC', '_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagO7iso7816yACSo13NFCISO7816Tag_pcACmFWC',
'_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagO8iso15693yACSo14NFCISO15693Tag_pcACmFWC',
'_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagOMa', '_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagOMn', '_$s7CoreNFC6NFCTagON',
'_$sSo14NFCNDEFPayloadC7CoreNFCE24wellKnownTypeTextPayloadSSSg_10Foundation6LocaleVSgtyF',
'_$sSo19NFCTagReaderSessionC7CoreNFCE12connectedTagAC0A0OSgvg',
'_$sSo19NFCTagReaderSessionC7CoreNFCE12connectedTagAC0A0OSgvpMV',
'_$sSo19NFCTagReaderSessionC7CoreNFCE13pollingOption8delegate5queueABSgSo010NFCPollingG0V_AC0abC8Delegate_pSo012OS_dispatch_I0CSgtcfC',
'_$sSo19NFCTagReaderSessionC7CoreNFCE7connect2to17completionHandleryAC0A0O_ys5Error_pSgctF',
'__swift_FORCE_LOAD_$_swiftCoreNFC' ]
...
| 2024-01-30T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4021 |
Introduction
============
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition, characterized by numerous associated symptoms (eg, widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dyscognition), many of which may also be shared with other disorders. A patient satisfies the diagnostic criteria for FM if the following conditions are met: widespread pain index ≥7 and symptom severity scale score ≥5, or widespread pain index 3--6 and symptom severity scale score ≥9; symptoms have been present at a similar level for at least 3 months; and the patient does not have a disorder that would otherwise explain the pain.[@b1-por-7-011] Diagnosis of FM is dependent upon patients' reporting of symptoms as there is no objective clinical finding or single widely accepted test with which to confirm diagnosis or gauge the severity of symptoms. As with many forms of chronic pain, there are multiple treatment approaches that can be considered, and the clinician often matches the appropriate treatment strategy with the needs of the individual patient. Historically, the management of FM has been heavily concentrated within the purview of rheumatologists (RHMs);[@b2-por-7-011] more recently, however, a wider range of physician specialists are being consulted by individuals with FM (eg, primary care physicians \[PCPs\], psychiatrists, and neurologists).[@b3-por-7-011] With accumulating evidence that FM is a disorder of central pain processing/modulation, FM can no longer be categorized as a musculoskeletal disease process, but rather as a pain syndrome maintained by perturbed central nervous system activity.[@b4-por-7-011],[@b5-por-7-011]
A recent prospective observational study, the Real-World Examination of Fibromyalgia: Longitudinal Evaluation of Costs and Treatments (REFLECTIONS), was designed to describe burden of illness and treatment patterns in individuals with FM within "real-world" practice settings.[@b6-por-7-011] Descriptive analyses of baseline data from the REFLECTIONS study confirmed that the burden of illness was high for patients with FM, and treatment patterns revealed the use of a wide variety of medications (both US Food and Drug Administration \[FDA\]-approved and off-label) and a broad sampling of nonpharmacologic treatments often used in combination with medications. Multivariate patient-focused analyses of the REFLECTIONS baseline data comparing the use of FDA-approved medications (eg, duloxetine, pregabalin, and milnacipran) with other medications for the treatment of FM showed physician specialty to be among the strongest determinants of which FM treatment was selected.
The primary purpose of this post hoc analysis was to describe differences between specialties, primarily those from rheumatology and primary care, in: 1) physician and physician-practice characteristics; 2) physician attitudes and beliefs regarding diagnosis and treatment of FM; and 3) physician prescribing behavior as manifested in actual treatment patterns. A secondary purpose of the study was to examine differences in the demographic and clinical profiles of patients treated by physicians from the studied specialties.
Material and methods
====================
The following is a summary of methodological considerations from the REFLECTIONS study that were deemed pertinent to the understanding of the present manuscript. A more complete description of the REFLECTIONS study methodology is provided in Robinson et al.[@b6-por-7-011] The protocol for the REFLECTIONS study was approved by Schulman's Institutional Review Board. All patients provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
Study setting
-------------
REFLECTIONS was an observational, multicenter, real-world study, in which all treatment occurred as part of routine care provided in the course of normal clinical practice. The study included 91 study investigators from 58 practice-based settings in the United States and Puerto Rico.[@b6-por-7-011] Potential investigators were identified through lists of investigators with prior experience conducting observational or clinical research; literature searches of physician authors publishing in FM; and referrals from other physicians. Physicians were invited to participate as study investigators on the basis of the average number of patients with FM they saw monthly. Physician recruitment was monitored in an attempt to ensure that the distribution of study physicians reflected the types and rates of physicians seen in actual clinical practice. A total of 54 physicians practicing rheumatology (RHMs) enrolled 1,130 patients, 25 physicians practicing primary care medicine (PCPs) enrolled 271 patients, and a heterogeneous group of 12 physicians practicing either pain or physical medicine (n=3), psychiatry (n=3), neurology (n=2), obstetrics and gynecology (n=1), osteopathy (n=1), or an unspecified specialty (n=2) (OTHERs) enrolled the remaining 299 patients. Enrollment for RHMs (20.9) and OTHERs (24.9) was approximately twice as many patients-per-physician than enrollment for PCPs (10.8). Due to the small sample size (n=12) and heterogeneity of physicians in the group of OTHERs, the results from the OTHERs may preclude meaningful interpretation.
### Inclusion/exclusion criteria
Patients were eligible for REFLECTIONS if they were at least 18 years of age, cognitively able to understand and complete computer-assisted telephone interviews in English or Spanish, and available to participate in the study for 12 months. Patients were invited to participate if, in the opinion of the enrolling physician, they: 1) met diagnostic criteria for FM; 2) were initiating a new treatment for FM; and 3) were under the care of the participating physician at the time of enrollment. New treatment for FM was defined as a prescription for any pharmacologic agent used for the treatment of FM that had not been used in the last 6 months, and thus comprised naïve FM treatment initiators, patients switching from one treatment to another, and patients augmenting an existing treatment regimen. Individuals who were investigators or site personnel directly affiliated with the study, and/or their immediate families, were excluded from the study.
Data collection
---------------
Data were collected by three separate means: a physician survey completed prior to the enrollment of any patients; a patient visit form completed jointly by the patient and physician or practice staff member during the enrollment visit (after the patient had signed the patient informed consent form); and structured interviews conducted with patients via telephone (to collect additional data regarding patient health status and care at baseline and throughout the 12 months of the study) following the enrollment visit. The physician survey provided information regarding physician demographics, practice characteristics, and physician attitudes and opinions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of FM. These attitudes and opinions were assessed by asking physicians to indicate their level of agreement with a battery of statements using a five-point scale (1= completely disagree, 2= somewhat disagree, 3= neither agree nor disagree, 4= somewhat agree, or 5= completely agree). The physician survey was specifically created to provide descriptive information for use in the REFLECTIONS study.
The patient visit form was completed jointly by the physician and the patient during the routine office visit when a new pharmacologic treatment was prescribed. Study investigators provided an assessment of each enrolled patient's medical history and treatment plan, including all ongoing, discontinued, and newly started pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for FM. Patients added their demographic information and a portion of their medical history using the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 to complete the office visit form. No further study-specific physician or on-site patient information was required.
Baseline and follow-up data were used to conduct the longitudinal portion of the primary REFLECTIONS analyses reported in Robinson et al.[@b6-por-7-011] Only baseline information, which was gathered within 14 days of study enrollment, was utilized in the analyses reported in this manuscript.
Statistical analysis
--------------------
Descriptive statistics were used to characterize current treatment patterns and other patient and physician variables. Means and standard deviations were reported for continuous variables for each of the three specialist groupings; proportions were reported for categorical variables. Pairwise comparisons between physician specialist categories were made using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and Student's *t*-tests for continuous variables. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons, as the study objectives were exploratory in nature. No formal hypothesis was tested since there were no well-substantiated priors regarding the expected direction of any potential differences between physician specialties. As such, two-sided tests of significance without adjustment for multiple comparisons were conducted. All analyses were performed using SAS^®^ Version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
Results
=======
Physicians serving as study investigators in the REFLECTIONS observational study averaged 49.5 years of age with an average of 15.6 years in practice, with no notable differences across specialties ([Table 1](#t1-por-7-011){ref-type="table"}). Patients reported a mean age of 50.4 years and were mostly female and white. Patients enrolled by PCPs were more likely to be Hispanic (42.0%) than those enrolled by RHMs (4.2%) or OTHERs (16.7%).
Diagnosis and treatment of FM
-----------------------------
### Physician attitudes and beliefs
Physicians generally expressed confidence in their ability to diagnose (mean =4.4 on a scale of 1 \[completely disagree\] to 5 \[completely agree\]) and treat FM with medications (mean =4.3). All cohorts reported agreement on the use of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria to diagnose FM (mean =4.0), and they agreed that recognizing (mean =4.3) and treating (mean =4.1) FM was their responsibility and that the psychological aspects of FM are important (mean =4.5) ([Figure 1A and B](#f1-por-7-011){ref-type="fig"}). All physician cohorts disagreed that the FM diagnosis was made in the absence of any other diagnosis (mean =2.3) and disagreed with the notion that the symptoms of FM were of a psychosomatic origin (mean =2.2). The RHMs reported significantly (*P*=0.037) higher ratings than PCPs (4.5 versus 4.1) regarding their levels of confidence in diagnosing FM. The RHMs also reported significantly stronger agreement than OTHERs that they felt limited by the availability of adequate options for treating patients with FM (3.7 versus 2.9, *P*=0.024).
Treatment
---------
### Pharmacologic treatments
Physicians reported using 182 unique medications for the treatment of FM.[@b6-por-7-011] The top five prescribed medications were duloxetine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pregabalin, opioids (excluding tramadol), and tramadol. These medications were generally the same across physician specialty ([Table 2](#t2-por-7-011){ref-type="table"}), although with some significant differences in their specific rank orderings. Pregabalin, which is one of the three FDA-approved medications for use in FM, was the most frequently prescribed medication by RHMs (28.8%) and was prescribed at a significantly higher rate than by PCPs (12.5%) or OTHERs (19.1%). The RHMs also prescribed duloxetine, another of the three FDA-approved medications for use in FM, significantly more often (27.1%) than PCPs (16.2%), though significantly less frequently than OTHERs (35.5%). The other approved FM medication at the time of the study, milnacipran, was less frequently prescribed than pregabalin or duloxetine overall, but again more frequently by RHMs (9.1%) and OTHERs (13.7%) than by PCPs (3.3%). The NSAIDs were the most frequently prescribed medication by PCPs (46.1%), at a rate approximately twice as often as RHMs (24.4%) or OTHERs (18.1%). OTHERs (32.8%) prescribed opioids significantly more often than did PCPs (19.2%) despite all physician cohorts rating the evidence in support of using opioids in FM as being modest. The highest ratings of perceived evidence in support of a medication for FM were given to duloxetine and pregabalin across all physician specialties.
### Nonpharmacologic treatments
The most common nonpharmacologic treatments for FM were rest (91.0%) and exercise (89.5%), followed by heat modalities (75.5%) and prayer, relaxation, or meditation (75.2%).[@b6-por-7-011] Patients of RHMs were significantly less likely to receive counseling (29.6%) than either patients of PCPs (37.6%) or OTHERs (46.5%) ([Table 3](#t3-por-7-011){ref-type="table"}). Patients of RHMs (18.8%) and OTHERs (23.4%) were more likely to have received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit treatment than patients of PCPs (11.4%), whereas patients of PCPs (15.1%) and OTHERs (12.4%) were more likely to have received acupuncture than patients of RHMs (6.3%). Patients of OTHERs were also more likely to have received trigger point injections than patients of PCPs or RHMs, and patients of OTHERs were more likely to have received chiropractic manipulation than patients of RHMs. Physicians strongly agreed that there was strong evidence in support of the use of patient education, with little variation across specialties. Both PCPs and OTHERs expressed more agreement than RHMs with respect to strong evidence supporting massage therapy in treating FM.
Patient FM history and medical status
-------------------------------------
Compared with patients of OTHERs, the patients of RHMs and PCPs reported having seen significantly fewer health care providers for symptoms prior to receiving a FM diagnosis, and they also reported that fewer physicians were currently involved in their FM treatment ([Table 4](#t4-por-7-011){ref-type="table"}).
Patients from the REFLECTIONS study experienced an average of six concomitant chronic medical conditions (range: 0--25 conditions) within the 3 years prior to study enrollment.[@b6-por-7-011] Patients of RHMs reported significantly lower incidences of depression, sleep disorders, anxiety, and chronic fatigue syndrome than did patients of PCPs (*P*\<0.001) ([Table 4](#t4-por-7-011){ref-type="table"}). Patients of RHMs also reported significantly lower percentages of several other chronic conditions, compared with patients of OTHERs.
Discussion
==========
In this study, we sought to identify consistencies and variations in physician and practice characteristics and attitudes toward diagnosing and treating FM using data from the REFLECTIONS study. Results from this study suggested that PCPs and RHMs shared generally similar personal and practice profile characteristics. Most investigators in the REFLECTIONS study were RHMs, followed by PCPs and OTHERs, which is consistent with the historical view that FM is a rheumatologic condition.[@b1-por-7-011],[@b7-por-7-011] There were differences in the racial composition of patients by physician specialty, but this is likely due to the disproportionate numbers of study physicians in Puerto Rico practicing as PCPs.
Both RHMs and PCPs in our study agreed on evidence supporting nonpharmacological therapies in treating FM such as patient education, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy, which is consistent with other studies that have also reported that FM treatment should involve nonpharmacologic as well as pharmacologic treatments.[@b8-por-7-011],[@b9-por-7-011]
Physicians from all cohorts reported using ACR criteria to guide their diagnosis of FM, intimating that specialists other than RHMs are also aware that FM can be positively diagnosed using 1990 ACR guidelines.[@b7-por-7-011] While both RHMs and PCPs in this study generally expressed high levels of confidence in their ability to recognize and diagnose FM, the RHMs were significantly more confident than PCPs in their ability to diagnose FM. Increasing reliance upon 2010 ACR criteria which emphasize the assessment of patient symptoms over the tender point counts that played an important role in the 1990 ACR criteria may serve to close this gap in diagnostic confidence.[@b10-por-7-011]
Other studies have also suggested that PCPs are as equipped as specialists in the management of FM.[@b11-por-7-011],[@b12-por-7-011] Contrary to these findings, however, some studies[@b13-por-7-011],[@b14-por-7-011] have reported that the diagnosis and management of FM might pose a challenge to non-RHM specialists. Among Canadian physicians, 36% of general practitioners and 25% of specialists (anesthesiologists, neurologists, physiatrists, psychiatrists, and RHMs) expressed doubts in their ability to diagnose FM.[@b14-por-7-011] In another study of physicians in Europe, Mexico, and South Korea, up to 61% of PCPs compared with 31% of RHMs found it difficult to diagnose FM.[@b13-por-7-011] Much of this seeming discrepancy likely reflects differences between the composition of the physician samples used in the referenced studies and investigators in the REFLECTIONS trial. Related to this finding was the fact that physicians across specialties in this study generally acknowledged that recognizing and treating FM was their responsibility, which suggests that at least a segment of the PCP population in the United States is caring for patients with FM themselves rather than: 1) routinely steering patients suspected of having FM to RHMs; or 2) approaching the condition as being purely musculoskeletal in nature.[@b15-por-7-011]
All cohorts disagreed that the FM diagnosis was made in the absence of other diagnoses, indicating that behavior of the physicians in this study is consistent with a proposal by Shir and Fitzcharles[@b15-por-7-011] that emphasized that FM diagnosis should be based on a positive clinical diagnosis rather than on the exclusion of all other possibilities. The physicians in this study also showed strong agreement that the psychological aspects of FM are important, but did not agree that the symptoms were of psychosomatic origin, consistent with the notion that the symptoms of FM are "real" and that pain can be present in the absence of a readily measurable clinical abnormality.[@b7-por-7-011],[@b16-por-7-011]
Even though most physicians were more confident in prescribing pharmacological therapies, physicians tended to endorse a multidisciplinary approach to managing FM with a combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities, similar to findings reported in previous studies.[@b17-por-7-011],[@b18-por-7-011] Significantly fewer patients of RHMs versus PCPs and RHMs versus OTHERs reported use of counseling and acupuncture for the treatment of FM in the year before study enrollment. There was a statistically significant difference across physician specialty where RHMs, compared with OTHERs, felt more limited by the availability of treatment options for patients with FM; RHMs less often reported support for the use of massage, compared with PCPs and OTHERs, and the use of hypnotherapy compared with OTHERs. This may be due to a lack of familiarity or comfort in implementing newer, less traditional nonpharmacologic measures into routine rheumatology practice. However, this may also reflect the smaller number of patients in the group of OTHERs and may not be clinically relevant.
The physicians accepted responsibility for the long-term management of their patients with FM and also expressed the belief that a team approach to treating FM was appropriate. Despite the existence of evidence-based treatment guidelines (American Pain Society in 2005;[@b19-por-7-011] European League Against Rheumatism in 2008[@b17-por-7-011]), physicians were generally neutral about using set guidelines for treating FM.
Differences between these categories of physicians reinforce previously existing evidence that there is no universally agreed-upon intervention or treatment strategy/mix for treating all patients with FM. The PCPs and RHMs agree on the same top five recommended pharmacological treatments, but vary somewhat in their ordering within these top five treatments. The most commonly used pharmacologic treatments across all provider specialty groups included duloxetine, NSAIDs, pregabalin, and opioids.[@b6-por-7-011] Patient symptoms related to clinical characteristics of severity of pain, depression, anxiety, disability, cognition, sleep disturbances, and fatigue were not significantly associated with treatment decisions.[@b6-por-7-011] Treatment patterns may reflect current changes in the environment with the entry of pregabalin in June 2007 and duloxetine in June 2008 (just before the start of the study).
Current guidelines indicate strong evidence to support use of tricyclic antidepressants, duloxetine, milnacipran, pregabalin, and gabapentin for the treatment of FM.[@b9-por-7-011] RHMs were considerably more likely to prescribe each of the three FDA-approved medications (duloxetine, pregabalin, and milnacipran) than were PCPs, suggesting that RHMs may be more familiar with recent guidelines and newly approved medications. Despite the apparent use of NSAIDs and opiates across specialties in this study, evidence for the efficacy of NSAIDs and opiates in patients with FM is lacking.[@b20-por-7-011] In REFLECTIONS, use of NSAIDs was relatively high, but especially for patients of PCPs versus RHMs. This difference may be the result of greater non-FM pain-related comorbidities, and greater perceived need for direct treatment of specific comorbid symptoms in patients of PCPs. It could also be a response to patient preference or request for medication which, while lacking evidence, may be perceived as helpful to the individual patient. Use of opioids was higher in OTHERs than in PCPs, perhaps reflecting a more conservative stance among PCPs who are more likely to be involved in the long-term management of FM.
Notable was the small percentage of patients reporting the use of amitriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants in comparison with the strong recommendations in favor of these medications in published guidelines and other studies.[@b21-por-7-011] Similarly, physicians did not express strong agreement about their use. Benzodiazepines were also among the more frequently used medications in our study. Benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine sedatives may have been prescribed more for their roles in sleep disturbances rather than for FM specifically.[@b22-por-7-011],[@b23-por-7-011]
Limitations
-----------
The study findings may not truly reflect a broad view of physician specialties that treat patients with FM for several reasons. The patients and physicians may not have been nationally representative even though the sample was large and included patients from 26 states and Puerto Rico. Most participating physicians were RHMs or PCPs who may have had greater interest and/or expertise in treating FM than OTHERs, including pain and physical medicine specialists, who were sparsely represented. The study was unable to tease out differences in physician treatment choices due to symptom severity. However, other, unmeasured factors may impact these differences. As indicated in the "Methods" section, the sample size for the group of OTHERs is too small and heterogeneous to draw conclusions from, but rather is included for completeness. In addition, the sample of providers is skewed towards male providers and RHMs, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Patients could be at any stage in the management cycle for FM; therefore, these findings may not be applicable to newly diagnosed patients with FM. There may be an increase in experimentwise type I error rate as no adjustments were made to account for making multiple pairwise comparisons.
Conclusion
==========
The main findings in this study were that all groups of physicians seemed confident in their diagnosis of FM and see management of FM as their responsibility. RHMs are more likely to use the currently recommended therapies, with PCPs more often prescribing more traditional therapies. All groups of physicians use a mixture of pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities. With FM being categorized as more of a pain syndrome rather than a musculoskeletal disease, and as the care of patients with FM shifts from RHMs to multiple physician specialties, examining predictors of FM treatment selection such as physician specialty may help improve FM treatment selection.
This study was funded through Eli Lilly and Company (Indianapolis, IN, USA). We thank Deborah D'Souza, PhD, from inVentiv Health Clinical, LLC, for assistance with the preparation of the manuscript. Bill H McCarberg is retired from the Chronic Pain Management Program for Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser Permanente, and the Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Escondido, CA, USA.
**Disclosure**
Stephen L Able, Rebecca L Robinson, and Madelaine Wohlreich are employees of, and minor shareholders in, Eli Lilly and Company. Kurt Kroenke is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company. Philip Mease receives research funding, consulting fees, and is an honoraria speaker for Eli Lilly and Company and Pfizer, and receives research funding from Forest Pharmaceuticals. David A Williams is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company. Yi Chen is a former employee of inVentiv Health Clinical. Bill H McCarberg is an advisor for Iroko, Pfizer, Zogenix, Collegium, Millennium, Mallinckrodt, Inspirion, Salix, Takeda, Depomed, Janssen, Kaleo, and AstraZeneca, and has the following stock holdings: Johnson and Johnson, Protein Design Labs, Biospecifics Technologies, Nektar Therapeutics, and Galena.
{#f1-por-7-011}
######
Physician and patient demographics
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physicians Total\ RHMs\ PCPs\ OTHERs\ *P*-value
N=91 n=54 n=25 n=12
-------------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- ------------- ------------------ -------------------- --------------------
Age in years
Mean (SD) 49.5 (9.8) 49.1 (9.5) 48.9 (9.8) 51.9 (11.4) -- -- --
Sex
(% male) 72.9 73.5 66.7 83.3 -- -- --
Years in practice
Mean (SD) 15.6 (9.2) 15.4 (9.7) 16.7 (9.7) 14.3 (5.6) -- -- --
**Patients** **Total**\ **RHMs**\ **PCPs**\ **OTHERs**\ **RHMs vs PCPs** **RHMs vs OTHERs** **PCPs vs OTHERs**
**N=1,700** **n=1,130** **n=271** **n=299**
Age in years
Mean (SD) 50.4 (11.9) 50.4 (12.0) 52.8 (12.2) 48.4 (10.9) 0.008 0.028 \<0.001
Age (% \>65 years)
n (%) 159 (9.4) 109 (9.6) 36 (13.3) 14 (4.7) -- 0.020 0.001
Female
n (%) 1,601 (94.6) 1,071 (95.0) 251 (93.7) 279 (93.9) -- -- --
Race, n (%) \<0.001 \<0.001 \<0.001
White 1,391 (82.9) 1,017 (91.2) 143 (53.2) 231 (78.6)
Hispanic 209 (12.5) 47 (4.2) 113 (42.0) 49 (16.7)
Other 78 (4.6) 51 (4.6) 13 (4.8) 14 (4.8)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Note:** "--" indicates not significant, *P*\>0.05.
**Abbreviations:** OTHERs, physicians practicing either pain or physical medicine, psychiatry, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathy, or an unspecified specialty; PCPs, primary care physicians; RHMs, rheumatologists; SD, standard deviation.
######
Pharmacologic treatments for FM: patients' use and physicians' perceptions of evidence
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patient use at baseline RHMs\ PCPs\ OTHERs\ *P*-value
n=1,130 n=271 n=299
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------- --------- ---------
Duloxetine 306 (27.1) 44 (16.2) 106 (35.5) 0.001 0.001 \<0.001
NSAIDs 276 (24.4) 125 (46.1) 54 (18.1) \<0.001 \<0.001 \<0.001
Pregabalin 325 (28.8) 34 (12.5) 57 (19.1) \<0.001 \<0.001 --
Opioids 262 (23.2) 52 (19.2) 98 (32.8) -- -- 0.001
Tramadol 170 (15.0) 53 (19.6) 37 (12.4) -- -- --
Benzodiazepines 176 (15.6) 38 (14.0) 45 (15.1) -- -- --
SSRIs 178 (15.8) 24 (8.9) 21 (7.0) 0.011 0.011 --
Non-BZD/sedative/hypnotics 142 (12.6) 37 (13.7) 40 (13.4) -- -- --
Cyclobenzaprine 169 (15.0) 24 (8.9) 27 (9.0) 0.027 0.027 --
Gabapentin 113 (10.0) 42 (15.5) 35 (11.7) 0.029 0.029 --
Milnacipran 103 (9.1) 9 (3.3) 41 (13.7) 0.005 0.005 \<0.001
Muscle relaxants 106 (9.4) 14 (5.2) 17 (5.7) -- -- --
Other antidepressants 87 (7.7) 30 (11.1) 15 (5.0) -- -- 0.022
Amitriptyline 63 (5.6) 16 (5.9) 13 (4.3) -- -- --
Stimulants 43 (3.8) 14 (5.2) 31 (10.4) -- -- --
Other TCAs 59 (5.2) 9 (3.3) 1 (0.3) -- -- 0.020
**Physician-reported agreement: "There is strong evidence in the literature to support pharmacological therapies in treating FM"**
**Physician-reported survey response** **RHMs**\ **PCPs**\ **OTHERs**\ ***P*-value**
**n=54** **n=25** **n=12**
**Average of 1--5 scale mean (SD)** **RHMs vs PCPs** **RHMs vs OTHERs** **PCPs vs OTHERs**
Duloxetine 4.2 (0.8) 3.4 (1.0) 4.2 (0.9) 0.003 -- --
NSAIDs 2.8 (1.1) 3.1 (1.0) 2.9 (1.1) -- -- --
Pregabalin 4.4 (0.8) 4.1 (0.9) 4.4 (0.7) -- -- --
Opioid analgesics 2.1 (1.1) 2.6 (1.0) 2.7 (1.0) -- -- --
Tramadol 3.7 (0.8) 3.3 (0.7) 3.5 (0.8) -- -- --
BZD hypnotics 2.4 (0.8) 2.5 (0.8) 2.5 (1.0) -- -- --
SSRIs 3.7 (0.8) 3.7 (0.8) 3.5 (0.9) -- -- --
Cyclobenzaprine 3.5 (0.7) 3.2 (0.9) 2.9 (0.8) -- 0.034 --
Gabapentin 3.4 (0.9) 3.6 (0.9) 3.3 (1.0) -- -- --
Amitriptyline 3.8 (0.8) 3.9 (0.7) 3.0 (1.0) -- 0.003 0.005
TCAs 3.9 (0.7) 3.8 (0.8) 2.8 (1.0) -- \<0.001 0.001
Venlafaxine 3.8 (0.9) 3.4 (0.8) 3.5 (0.7) -- -- --
Trazadone 3.5 (0.9) 3.1 (0.9) 2.7 (1.1) -- 0.023 --
Melatonin 2.3 (0.9) 2.5 (0.9) 2.5 (1.0) -- -- --
Growth hormone 2.0 (0.9) 2.0 (0.8) 2.3 (0.8) -- -- --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Notes:** (Top) Pharmacological treatment the patient has taken within the last 12 months including newly initiated and continuing therapies. (Bottom) Physician-reported agreement that there is strong evidence in the literature to support each of the following medications in the treatment of FM. Results reflect mean of answers based on a 1--5 scale; 1= completely disagree, 5= completely agree. "--" indicates not significant, *P*\>0.05.
**Abbreviations:** BZD, benzodiazepine; FM, fibromyalgia; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OTHERs, physicians practicing either pain or physical medicine, psychiatry, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathy, or an unspecified specialty; PCPs, primary care physicians; RHMs, rheumatologists; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors; TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants.
######
Nonpharmacologic treatments for FM: patients' use and physicians' perceptions of evidence
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patient reported: nonpharmacologic treatment for FM during 12 months prior to study enrollment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------- --------- -------
Rest 1,031 (91.2) 237 (87.5) 279 (93.3) -- -- --
Exercise 1,018 (90.1) 231 (85.2) 272 (91.0) -- -- --
Heat modalities 870 (77.0) 189 (69.7) 225 (75.3) 0.038 -- --
Prayer, relaxation, meditation 851 (75.3) 194 (71.6) 234 (78.3) -- -- --
Distraction 800 (70.8) 180 (66.4) 205 (68.6) -- -- --
Cold therapy 467 (41.3) 111 (41.0) 136 (45.5) -- -- --
Counseling (including CBT) 334 (29.6) 102 (37.6) 139 (46.5) 0.030 \<0.001 --
Massage, reflexology 366 (32.4) 90 (33.2) 134 (44.8) -- \<0.001 0.014
Trigger point injections 290 (25.7) 65 (24.0) 111 (37.1) -- \<0.001 0.002
Chiropractic manipulation 246 (21.8) 64 (23.6) 93 (31.1) -- 0.002 --
TENS unit 213 (18.8) 31 (11.4) 70 (23.4) 0.012 -- 0.001
Acupuncture 71 (6.3) 41 (15.1) 37 (12.4) \<0.001 0.001 --
**Physician-reported agreement: "There is strong evidence to support nonpharmacological therapies in treating FM"**
**RHMs**\ **PCPs**\ **OTHERs**\ ***P*-value**
**n=54** **n=25** **n=12**
**Average of 1--5 scale mean (SD)** **RHMs vs PCPs** **RHMs vs OTHERs** **PCPs vs OTHERs**
Patient education 4.6 (0.6) 4.3 (0.7) 4.3 (0.7) -- -- --
Cardiovascular exercise 4.2 (0.7) 4.0 (0.8) 3.6 (1.0) -- 0.036 --
CBT 3.8 (0.6) 3.7 (0.8) 3.6 (1.0) -- -- --
Biofeedback 3.3 (0.7) 3.2 (0.7) 3.3 (0.8) -- -- --
Massage 2.9 (0.9) 3.5 (0.8) 3.6 (0.9) 0.010 0.036 --
Acupuncture 2.9 (0.9) 3.0 (0.9) 2.8 (1.1) -- -- --
Hypnotherapy 2.2 (0.7) 2.7 (0.6) 2.8 (0.9) -- 0.033 --
Electrotherapy 2.4 (0.8) 2.5 (0.7) 2.3 (0.9) -- -- --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Notes:** (Top) Nonpharmacologic treatments for FM during 12 months prior to study enrollment. (Bottom) Physician-reported agreement that there is strong evidence in the literature to support each of the following interventions in the treatment of FM. Results reflect mean of answers based on a 1--5 scale; 1= completely disagree, 5= completely agree. "--" indicates not significant, *P*\>0.05.
**Abbreviations:** CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; FM, fibromyalgia; OTHERs, physicians practicing either pain or physical medicine, psychiatry, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathy, or an unspecified specialty; PCPs, primary care physicians; RHMs, rheumatologists; SD, standard deviation; TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
######
Patient clinical status at baseline
Fibromyalgia history Patients of: *P*-value
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ --------- --------- -------
Years since first FM symptoms, mean (SD) 10.0 (9.2) 9.5 (8.3) 10.5 (9.6) -- -- --
Years since first FM diagnosis, mean (SD) 5.6 (6.4) 5.3 (5.6) 5.8 (6.6) -- -- --
How many HCPs seen for symptoms before FM diagnosis, mean (SD) 3.5 (5.6) 3.1 (3.5) 4.4 (6.4) -- 0.048 0.021
How many HCPs currently involved in FM treatment, mean (SD) 1.6 (1.3) 1.5 (0.9) 1.9 (1.4) -- 0.002 0.006
**[a](#tfn8-por-7-011){ref-type="table-fn"}Chronic medical problems present during the 3 years prior to study enrollment: n (%)**
Back pain 888 (80.7) 223 (82.9) 246 (83.4) -- -- --
Irritable bowel syndrome 404 (37.9) 98 (36.7) 125 (42.8) -- -- --
Abdominal pain 380 (35.3) 100 (37.3) 124 (42.3) -- -- --
Asthma 239 (22.2) 66 (24.4) 59 (20.1) -- -- --
Rheumatoid arthritis 147 (13.9) 24 (9.0) 38 (13.1) -- -- --
Temporomandibular joint disorder 228 (21.6) 51 (19.5) 67 (23.4) -- -- --
Ulcer 89 (8.4) 27 (10.1) 31 (10.6) -- -- --
Heart disease 89 (8.3) 25 (9.3) 18 (6.2) -- -- --
Depression 628 (57.7) 209 (78.3) 220 (74.1) \<0.001 \<0.001 --
Arthritis 709 (65.0) 170 (62.7) 146 (49.2) -- \<0.001 0.003
Sleep disorders 574 (53.5) 191 (72.3) 189 (64.3) \<0.001 0.003 --
Anxiety 563 (52.0) 181 (67.5) 202 (68.2) \<0.001 \<0.001 --
Chronic fatigue syndrome 407 (38.2) 160 (60.4) 157 (53.6) \<0.001 \<0.001 --
Migraine 387 (36.0) 101 (38.0) 132 (45.1) -- 0.014 --
Hypertension 387 (35.8) 112 (41.9) 84 (29.0) -- -- 0.004
Diabetes 114 (10.6) 38 (14.2) 23 (7.9) -- -- 0.050
**Notes:** "--" indicates not significant, *P*\>0.05;
chronic medical problems reported by \>5% of patients in any cohort.
**Abbreviations:** FM, fibromyalgia; HCPs, health care providers; OTHERs, physicians practicing either pain or physical medicine, psychiatry, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathy, or an unspecified specialty; PCPs, primary care physicians; RHMs, rheumatologists; SD, standard deviation.
| 2024-03-01T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4909 |
Why Do Balloons Deflate Over Time?
Both latex and Mylar (foil) balloons will deflate over time if not chemically treated on the outside to prevent the internal gas from escaping.
Other People Are Reading
Escaping Gas
Both untreated latex and foil balloons are not airtight. They both have tiny microscopic holes within the material itself. If the gas molecules inside the balloon are smaller than the holes in the material, the gas will effuse and leave the balloon slowly.
Effusion
Effusion is the process of molecules going through holes without colliding with other molecules.
The gas molecules inside the balloons move randomly around until they come into contact with something, either another molecule, or in this case, the wall of the balloon. Because the balloon has tiny holes in it, if the molecules are smaller than the holes, instead of hitting the side of the balloon, the molecule will go through the opening.
Speed of Deflation
The rate at which balloons deflate depends on the balloon material itself as well as which gas is used to fill the balloon.
Helium Balloons
According to Balloons Are Taking Off, a balloon supply company in Scotland, foil balloons inflated with helium will float for weeks but will begin to deflate after about 3 to 5 days.
A latex balloon, also filled with helium, floats for about 17 hours and, if treated, can float for weeks.
Air Balloons
Both foil and latex balloons filled with regular air will not float, but they will stay inflated longer than balloons filled with helium. This is because the molecular structure of air is much bigger than the holes inside the balloon material. Instead of passing straight through them, the molecules will bounce off the smaller openings. | 2024-03-02T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6974 |
Who is the best overall big man in the NBA?
Orlando Magic’s Dwight Howard (R) drives on Los Angeles Lakers’ Andrew Bynum during the first half of their NBA basketball game in Los Angeles, California March 14, 2011. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (UNITED STATES – Tags: SPORT BASKETBALL)
For an explanation of my methodology, check out my point guard post from a few days ago. Marcin Gortat was the only big man in the study that was traded and since he was traded early and played much bigger minutes in Phoenix, I just ignored his Orlando numbers.
Below is a chart of 51 big men. Why 51? Because it’s my study, that’s why. Round numbers are overrated anyway.
As always, click on the chart to see a bigger version.
A few random thoughts:
— The Y-axis is set at 0.586 which is the average Efficiency Per Minute for this group of 51 bigs. The average EPM for the Top 100 bigs (sorted by Efficiency Per Game) is 0.492, so virtually all of these guys are above average in that metric.
— This chart doesn’t seem to have the number of ‘eyebrow-raisers’ that the other two charts did. Is that because the Opponent PER and Net Defense numbers are more accurate for big men since bigs play such a big role in team defense? Joakim Noah is probably the biggest exception. He’s known for his defense, but his Opponent PER (19.0) and Net Defense (4.7 more points per 100 possessions when he’s on the floor) don’t bear that out. There must be something else at play here.
— Andrew Bynum comes away from the study looking very, very good. It makes sense that the Lakers kept him when Carmelo was on the table, but the kid just can’t seem to stay healthy for any length of time. We’ll see.
— Love’s positioning makes sense. He’s a double-double beast, but only an average defender.
— There’s a group of young bigs in the bottom left quadrant — Ibaka, Hibbert, Cousins, Blatche, Jordan, Monroe, Hickson and Lopez — that should improve defensively over time.
— I was expecting to see Andrew Bogut, Emeka Okafor and Anderson Varejao in the top-left quadrant, but Chris Bosh and LaMarcus Aldridge fared better defensively than I expected. Bosh has taken heat (no pun intended) over his career for his defense, but he was average in Toronto and is not pretty good in Miami. That makes sense considering the Heat are overall one of the best defensive teams in the league. It’s amazing what good teammates and a good culture will do for a guy’s effort and performance on that end of the floor.
— The Suns’ trade for Marcin Gortat is looking very good. He should be a Top 10 center for the next five years and is solid on both ends of the court.
— Carlos Boozer, Al Jefferson, David Lee and Amare Stoudemire are about where I expected them to be. They’ve all been criticized for their defense over the years, and these numbers bear that out.
— Good to see Blake Griffin is at least medicore defensively in his rookie season. His defense should improve over time and he’ll join Pau Gasol, Dirk Nowitzki, Tim Duncan, Dwight Howard, Kevin Garnett and Andrew Bynum as the league’s elite big men.
— Speaking of Dirk, it’s surprising that he’s up there in the top right quadrant. Some might want to credit the arrival of Tyson Chandler, but Nowitzki’s defensive rating last season was 33% and it was 14% in 2008-09, so he’s seems to be consistently above average on that end of the floor. | 2023-09-30T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7400 |
Gender specific sympathetic and hemorrheological responses to mental stress in healthy young subjects.
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system may increase hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscosity (WBV), and possibly cardiovascular risk. The aim was to study gender specific differences of mental stress on sympathetic reactivity and blood rheology. Responses in blood pressure, heart rate (HR), Hct, WBV (Bohlin rotational viscosimeter), and plasma catecholamines to a mental arithmetic stress test (MST) were measured in male (n = 10, 23 +/- 3 years, BMI 23 +/- 2 kg/m2) and female (n = 10, 21 +/- 4 years, BMI 24 +/- 2 kg/m2) students. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR increased during MST in men and women, and declined to baseline levels after 15 min of recovery. In men, plasma adrenaline increased by 217% during MST (p < 0.01, ANOVA). and plasma noradrenaline increased by 68% (p < 0.05). Hct and WBV at low shear rates (0.5 and 1.1 l/s) increased as well (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). In women, the increase in plasma adrenaline averaged 118% during MST (p < 0.05) while plasma noradrenaline (-3%, p = 0.38), Hct, and WBV at all shear rates remained unchanged. Men and women differed in A adrenaline (p < 0.05), A noradrenaline (p = 0.01), delta Hct (p < 0.05), and delta WBV (p < 0.05). A Hct tended to correlate with delta SBP (r= 0.60, p = 0.07), A DBP (r = 0.57. p = 0.09). and delta HR (r = 0.50, p = 0.14), and correlated significantly with A noradrenaline (r = 0.66, p < 0.05) in men only. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender independently explained 22% of the change in Hct during mental stress. Data suggest gender specific differences in sympathetic and hemorrheological responses to mental stress in healthy young subjects. In men, sympathetic responses were related to hemorrheological responses, but not in women. It may be speculated whether such differences in stress responses may contribute to lower cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women than in men. | 2024-01-17T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3404 |
NHL and the NHL Shield are registered trademarks and NHL Mobile name and logo, NHL GameCenter and Unlimited NHL are trademarks of the National Hockey League. NHL and NHL team marks are the property of the NHL and its teams.
Sunday, 03.31.2013 / 1:25 AM
The Canadian Press
Marc-Edouard Vlasic celebrated his 26th birthday by scoring the game-tying goal with 5 minutes left in the third period. Joe Pavelski also scored for the Sharks, extending his streak to four straight games with a goal.
Antti Niemi made 27 saves as San Jose extended its longest winning streak since opening the season with seven consecutive wins. Niemi stopped Antoine Vermette in overtime and turned aside all three shootout attempts.
Boyd Gordon and Radim Vrbata scored for the Coyotes, who have lost eight of the past nine games to plummet in the Western Conference standings.
NHL and the NHL Shield are registered trademarks and NHL Mobile name and logo, NHL GameCenter and Unlimited NHL are trademarks of the National Hockey League. NHL and NHL team marks are the property of the NHL and its teams. | 2024-03-11T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2291 |
Thursday, July 31st, 2008
National Hip-Hop Political Convention Opens
Thousands are expected to attend the Convention, with some coming from as far as Colombia and South Korea yesterday for the opening b-boy battle, that featured a showdown between Las Vegas’s Knucklehead Zoo and the R16 champs, Gamblerz.
They will be discussing issues like the criminalization of youth, youth violence, the right of return on the Gulf Coast, media justice, sexism in hip-hop, economic justice, Black-Brown solidarity, global warming, liberation theology, and vote disenfranchisement. (I’m speaking today at an all-day symposium on the place of hip-hop in academia. alongside folks like Asheru, Byron Hurt, Marc Lamont Hill, and many others.)
Dozens of skills-building trainings around voter registration, lobbying, organizing, media, film making, and even krumping will be held, showing that the organizers draw no distinction between arts and social justice. Some of the best recent underground films on hip-hop–including “African Underground: Democracy in Dakar” and “Masizakhe: Let Us Build Together”–bring a distinctly global view of hip-hop to the event.
Whoever’s better? Haha. No I haven’t decided yet. That’s a good thing, I think, for progressive political journalism, tho it might be a bad thing for you if you’re looking for an answer from me right now. What about you?
um, how is it bad for ‘progressive political journalism’ to make a decision on something? obviously, a vote for clemente is not a vote for barack. can one endorse both? or is this the journo-weasel equivalent of flip-flopping? why not just vote for mccain, since the mckinney/clemente ticket occupies the nader position in this year’s election?
Mark Fischer :: Capitalist RealismK-Punk’s philosophical manifesto reads like his blog, snappy and compelling. Just replace pop music with post-post-Marxism. Pair with Josh Clover’s 1989 for the full hundred. | 2023-09-22T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8928 |
Q:
Paypal recurring payments or one off payment
Im building a form that has the option of a one off payment or recurring payments.
and I have a tick box to state the amount should be recurring or not.
But Paypal is not picking it up and I can't find the correct name to give the box at the moment it looks like this:
<input type="checkbox" name="Recurring" value="Yes" />
is there away of doing this?
A:
You may want to check the documentation of PayPal html variables on recurring following this link:
https://www.paypalobjects.com/IntegrationCenter/ic_std-variable-ref-subscribe.html
| 2023-09-18T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9866 |
/**
asset cleaner
Copyright (c) 2015 Tatsuhiko Yamamura
This software is released under the MIT License.
http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
*/
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using UnityEditor;
namespace AssetClean
{
public class ShaderReferenceCollection : IReferenceCollection
{
// shader name / shader file guid
public Dictionary<string, string> shaderFileList = new Dictionary<string, string> ();
private List<CollectionData> references = new List<CollectionData>();
public void Init(List<CollectionData> refs){
references = refs;
}
public void CollectionFiles ()
{
CollectionShaderFiles ();
CheckReference ();
}
void CollectionShaderFiles ()
{
var shaderFiles = Directory.GetFiles ("Assets", "*.shader", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
foreach (var shaderFilePath in shaderFiles) {
var code = File.ReadAllText (shaderFilePath);
var match = Regex.Match (code, "Shader \"(?<name>.*)\"");
if (match.Success) {
var shaderName = match.Groups ["name"].ToString ();
if (shaderFileList.ContainsKey (shaderName) == false) {
shaderFileList.Add (shaderName, AssetDatabase.AssetPathToGUID(shaderFilePath));
}
}
}
var cgFiles = Directory.GetFiles ("Assets", "*.cg", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
foreach (var cgFilePath in cgFiles) {
var file = Path.GetFileName (cgFilePath);
shaderFileList.Add (file, cgFilePath);
}
var cgincFiles = Directory.GetFiles ("Assets", "*.cginc", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
foreach (var cgincPath in cgincFiles) {
var file = Path.GetFileName (cgincPath);
if( shaderFileList.ContainsKey(file) == false ){
shaderFileList.Add (file, cgincPath);
}
}
}
void CheckReference ()
{
foreach (var shader in shaderFileList) {
var shaderFilePath = AssetDatabase.GUIDToAssetPath(shader.Value);
if( File.Exists(shaderFilePath) == false){
continue;
}
var guid = shader.Value;
List<string> referenceList = null;
CollectionData reference = null;
if( references.Exists(c=>c.fileGuid == guid) == false ) {
referenceList = new List<string>();
reference = new CollectionData() {
fileGuid = guid,
referenceGids = referenceList,
};
references.Add(reference);
}else{
reference = references.Find(c=>c.fileGuid == guid);
referenceList = reference.referenceGids;
}
reference.timeStamp = File.GetLastWriteTime(AssetDatabase.GUIDToAssetPath(guid));
var code = ClassReferenceCollection.StripComment( File.ReadAllText (shaderFilePath));
foreach (var checkingShaderName in shaderFileList.Keys) {
if( checkingShaderName == shader.Key ){
continue;
}
if (code.IndexOf(checkingShaderName) != -1 && shaderFileList.ContainsKey(checkingShaderName)) {
var fileGuid = shaderFileList [checkingShaderName];
if( referenceList.Contains(fileGuid) == false ){
referenceList.Add (fileGuid);
}
}
}
}
}
}
} | 2024-02-17T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8587 |
Multi Color Sculpted Glass Teardrop Award
This highly artistic and visually stimulating sculpted glass award is a perfect choice when recognizing the highest level of achievement, such as a lifetime achievement award. The gorgeous glass is embellished with multi-colored detailing, creating an eye-catching and brilliant display. The glass base is ideal for displaying custom laser engraving of the recipient's name, title of the award, and the year - lending an especially official and prestigious quality to this already resplendent piece of artwork. | 2024-04-03T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1023 |
Q:
Stanford CoreNLP version change in pom.xml causing error
I am using Stanford CoreNLP on Ubuntu 14.04 and facing the following issue when I run the following code:
Java Code:
package com.mycompany.app;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
/*import edu.stanford.nlp.ling.HasWord;
import edu.stanford.nlp.ling.TaggedWord;
import edu.stanford.nlp.parser.shiftreduce.ShiftReduceParser;
import edu.stanford.nlp.process.DocumentPreprocessor;
import edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.ExhaustivePCFGParser;
import edu.stanford.nlp.trees.Tree;*/
import edu.stanford.nlp.tagger.maxent.MaxentTagger;
public class App
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, NoClassDefFoundError
{
MaxentTagger tagger = null;
if(tagger == null)
{
tagger = new MaxentTagger("mymodel.tagger");
}
System.out.println("Let's do this!");
}
}
Command Run:
mvn clean install exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=com.mycompany.app.App
Terminal Output:
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.2:jar (default-jar) @ dt_mvn ---
[INFO] Building jar: /home/sidharth/Desktop/dt_mvn/target/dt_mvn-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.3:install (default-install) @ dt_mvn ---
[INFO] Installing /home/sidharth/Desktop/dt_mvn/target/dt_mvn-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to /home/sidharth/.m2/repository/com/mycompany/app/dt_mvn/1.0-SNAPSHOT/dt_mvn-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing /home/sidharth/Desktop/dt_mvn/pom.xml to /home/sidharth/.m2/repository/com/mycompany/app/dt_mvn/1.0-SNAPSHOT/dt_mvn-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO]
[INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:1.4.0:java (default-cli) @ dt_mvn ---
Reading POS tagger model from mymodel.tagger ... [WARNING]
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.codehaus.mojo.exec.ExecJavaMojo$1.run(ExecJavaMojo.java:293)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: edu.stanford.nlp.io.RuntimeIOException: java.io.StreamCorruptedException: invalid stream header: 00048E4D
at edu.stanford.nlp.maxent.iis.LambdaSolve.read_lambdas(LambdaSolve.java:726)
at edu.stanford.nlp.tagger.maxent.LambdaSolveTagger.<init>(LambdaSolveTagger.java:76)
at edu.stanford.nlp.tagger.maxent.MaxentTagger.readModelAndInit(MaxentTagger.java:863)
at edu.stanford.nlp.tagger.maxent.MaxentTagger.readModelAndInit(MaxentTagger.java:767)
at edu.stanford.nlp.tagger.maxent.MaxentTagger.<init>(MaxentTagger.java:298)
at edu.stanford.nlp.tagger.maxent.MaxentTagger.<init>(MaxentTagger.java:263)
at com.mycompany.app.App.main(App.java:22)
... 6 more
Caused by: java.io.StreamCorruptedException: invalid stream header: 00048E4D
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readStreamHeader(ObjectInputStream.java:806)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.<init>(ObjectInputStream.java:299)
at edu.stanford.nlp.maxent.iis.LambdaSolve.read_lambdas(LambdaSolve.java:719)
... 12 more
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.260s
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Dec 20 01:34:29 IST 2015
[INFO] Final Memory: 23M/228M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:exec-maven-plugin:1.4.0:java (default-cli) on project dt_mvn: An exception occured while executing the Java class. null: InvocationTargetException: java.io.StreamCorruptedException: invalid stream header: 00048E4D -> [Help 1]
pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
<artifactId>dt_mvn</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dt_mvn</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>edu.stanford.nlp</groupId>
<artifactId>stanford-corenlp</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
However, changing version in pom.xml from 3.5.2 to 1.3.0 works correctly. What could be the reason for this?
Thanks!
P.S.
If it's of any use, the maven project was created by the following command:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=dt_mvn -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false
A:
I suspect however you built "mymodel.tagger" is incompatible with later versions so the deserialization is failing. What version did you use to build my_model.tagger? Does your Maven project fail if you use 1.3.5 ? I can see changes in our repo in LambdaSolve.java involving serialization in the time period between 1.3.1 and 1.3.5 so I suspect that is the reason.
Also make sure you use Java 1.8 with Stanford CoreNLP 3.5.0 or later.
| 2024-04-22T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5762 |
An evaluation of the morphologic features of low-grade mucinous neoplasms of the appendix metastatic in the ovary, and comparison with primary ovarian mucinous tumors.
It may be difficult to distinguish ovarian involvement by a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) from a primary gastrointestinal-type primary borderline (proliferative) ovarian tumor (IBMT) or an ovarian mucinous tumor arising within a teratoma, particularly when the latter is associated with mucinous ascites/pseudomyxoma peritonei. We noted that LAMNs involving the ovaries show 2 distinctive histologic features, "scalloped" glands and subepthelial stromal clefts, whereas IBMTs more often are associated with reactive cellular stroma and histiocyte aggregates (mucin granulomas). The frequency of these features was investigated in 18 LAMNs (16 with pseudomyxoma peritonei), 18 primary IBMTs, and 6 teratoma-associated mucinous tumors (selected on the basis of associated pseudomyxoma peritonei). Scalloped glands and subepithelial clefts were identified in 17 and 16 LAMNs, respectively, and in 3 and 7 IBMTs, respectively. Conversely, reactive stroma and histiocyte aggregates were present in 2 and 0 LAMNs, respectively, and in 11 and 10 IBMTs, respectively. LAMNs were often bilateral (12/18 cases) and they more frequently showed mucin dissection of the ovarian stroma and tall mucin-rich (hypermucinous) epithelial cells compared with IBMTs. Our findings suggest that scalloped glands, subepithelial clefts, cellular stroma, and histiocyte aggregates may be useful additional morphologic parameters to help distinguish these tumor types. However, teratoma-associated mucinous neoplasms can show identical histologic features to those of LAMNs involving the ovary, and therefore accurate diagnosis of such cases requires careful macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the ovaries together with complete histologic assessment of the appendix. | 2023-09-07T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7124 |
The Mission is a neighborhood looking to put its rough past behind it while retaining its artistic and Latino heritage. But the delicate balancing act between old and new, between the desires of longtime residents and wealthier, whiter newcomers, is a constant challenge.
That tension has grown as new, upscale restaurants set their sights on an area of the Mission around 24th Street, looking to cater to new residents in a neighborhood where bodegas, Latino grocery stories and taquerias still line the streets.
In response, Supervisor David Campos and Mayor Ed Lee have introduced legislation that aims to temporarily halt restaurants from opening on 24th Street and the surrounding blocks.
Campos said the bill is essential to stabilizing the community’s “small, neighborhood-serving businesses.” It is also the first step in making the area a special-use district, meaning many new businesses would have to pass muster with the City Planning Commission to affirm that they are in line with the neighborhood’s character.
Which raises the question: What kinds of businesses belong in a neighborhood, and who gets to decide?
That question is fueling tension in a neighborhood beset by an influx of new residents, sparkling new buildings and steeply rising rents.
A group called Open 24th, which describes itself as “advocating for a vibrant retail corridor that meets the needs of all residents,” has come out against the legislation. It criticizes the neighborhood association that is pushing it as a “special-interest group” that aims to “represent the interests of a subset of the neighborhood’s population.”
Feeling bullied
According to one critic, that association, called Calle 24, acts like a bully that blacklists uncooperative businesses.
“I am supportive of celebrating and promoting the culture. But Calle 24 is an exclusionary special-interest group at the end of the day,” said Brooke Segaran. “They are not even attempting to represent the needs of the neighborhood as a whole as it’s represented today.”
Segaran, who moved to the neighborhood four years ago, said she and other residents “are interested in having more options available to them at night, and that includes sit-down restaurants.”
Calle 24, which was formed 17 years ago, rejects the idea that it is exclusionary. Erick Arguello, president of the group, says it is composed of a diverse cross-section of longtime residents, merchants and arts organizations seeking to preserve the neighborhood’s Latino culture.
“Twenty-fourth Street has always had a different feel to it. It had the butcher shops, the bakeries, the shoe repairs,” said Arguello, 55, who emigrated from Nicaragua as a small child to the Mission 52 years ago. “We are trying to maintain Latino businesses and smaller mom-and-pop businesses.”
But Arguello said Segaran is right on one point: He isn’t interested in bringing new, upscale restaurants or hipster breweries to the neighborhood.
And that dynamic has caused tensions. Michael Meadows, who opened a wine bar on 24th Street in 2013, says he felt “blacklisted” by the association.
That grew out of a disagreement centered on existing floor-to-ceiling murals inside the restaurant. Meadows said that to comply with disability-access laws, he had to do extensive repairs, which meant painting over the murals. Arguello thought Meadows should have done more to save the paintings, which were part of a neighborhood mural tour.
After that, Meadows said, local artists who had been planning a show in his restaurant pulled out.
“I felt stagnated,” said Meadows, who sold the restaurant this year. “When we had the opportunity to do something to help the neighborhood, it felt like they were working against us because we weren’t in line with their values.”
Opposite viewpoints
Arguello’s take, unsurprisingly, is different: “There was basically a lack of respect he had for the community and the murals.”
Such disputes have taken on heightened importance because Calle 24 could have a big say over what businesses can open if the area becomes the Calle 24 Special Use District. The idea is to make the zoning similar to that in Japantown, where new businesses must be approved as compatible “with the cultural and historic integrity, neighborhood character, development pattern, and design aesthetic” of the district, according to the planning code.
While the department would have final say on what businesses meet those requirements, Calle 24’s recommendations — as the main neighborhood organization — could have significant influence.
Campos has indicated to the Board of Supervisors that the next step — legislation creating the special-use district — would be forthcoming. First the board must pass his current proposal, which would temporarily ban the merging of storefronts to prevent restaurants from replacing small retail shops.
The fact that the mayor has thrown his support behind the legislation means it is likely to pass. And while Lee and Campos frequently disagree on housing policies, the mayor has prioritized strengthening the unique cultural aspects of the city’s commercial districts.
For now, Arguello said his association is in an uphill battle to keep Latino-run businesses alive.
In 2013, Calle 24 led a successful campaign to keep two longtime businesses along 24th Street open after they were threatened with eviction: Librería San Pedro and G.G. Tukuy Indigenous Arts and Crafts. The Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco, which owns the properties, wanted to sell them to a restaurateur who planned to merge them.
Philosophical about change
Cesar Oyagata, an Ecuadorian immigrant who owns Tukuy Indigenous Arts and Crafts — tukuy means “all” in Quechua, a South American language — was contemplative about the changes in the neighborhood.
He remembers the days when gangs ran freely and tourists rarely came by. The influx of tourists is good for business, he said, because immigrant families in the neighborhood have little interest in artisans. They want brand-name goods.
But Oyagata, who studied theology and leadership, wonders what will happen when his renegotiated lease expires in a year and a half. “At the best, it will be time to change,” he said.
Emily Green is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer: E-mail: egreen@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @emilytgreen | 2023-09-13T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5660 |
Rojiroti microfinance and child nutrition: a cluster randomised trial.
To determine whether Rojiroti microfinance, for poor Indian women, improves child nutrition. Cluster randomised trial. Tolas (village communities) in Bihar State. Women and children under 5 years. With Rojiroti microfinance, women form self-help groups and save their money to provide loans to group members. After 6 months, they receive larger external loans. Tolas were randomised to receive Rojiroti immediately or after 18 months. The primary analysis compared the mean weight for height Z score (WHZ) of children under 5 years in the intervention versus control tolas who attended for weight and height measurement 18 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes were weight for age Z score (WAZ), height for age Z score, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), wasting, underweight and stunting. We randomised 28 tolas to each arm and collected data from 2469 children (1560 mothers) at baseline and 2064 children (1326 mothers) at follow-up. WHZ was calculated for 1718 children at baseline and 1377 (674 intervention and 703 control) at follow-up. At 18 months, mean WHZ was significantly higher for intervention (-1.02) versus controls (-1.37; regression coefficient adjusted for clustering β=0.38, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.61, p=0.001). Significantly fewer children were wasted in the intervention group (122, 18%) versus control (200, 29%; OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.74, p=0.002). Mean WAZ was better in the intervention group (-2.13 vs -2.37; β=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.43, p=0.001) as was MUAC (13.6 cm vs 13.4 cm; β=0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p=0.02). In an analysis adjusting for baseline nutritional measures (259 intervention children and 300 control), only WAZ and % underweight showed significant differences in favour of the intervention. In marginalised communities in rural India, child nutrition was better in those who received Rojiroti microfinance, compared with controls. NCT01845545. | 2024-06-24T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4199 |
<vm:MinerClientsWindowViewModel xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:NTMiner.MinerStudio.Vms;assembly=AppModels">
</vm:MinerClientsWindowViewModel>
| 2024-04-09T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8901 |
5 ways men can increase life expectancy
Floss, play cards, have sex
For his book, "The Blue Zones," adventurer and author Dan Buettner spent years studying various corners of the world where life expectancy is the longest.
In his travels, Buettner met 104-year-old Giovanni Sannai of Sardinia, who started his day with wood-chopping and a glass of wine. Buettner told NPR that he challenged Sannai to arm wrestle, and the old man won.
You probably won't win arm-wrestling matches at that age. But you can add years to your life.
Here are five tips for increasing longevity:
Eat Food
Food expert and author Michael Pollan lives by a wise seven-word manifesto: Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants. What people often eat, he says, is not food but processed substances and chemicals that can lead to all kinds of diseases, from heart ailments to diabetes. Those strip years off your life.
Here's more advice from Pollan:
Don't eat anything your great grandmother wouldn't recognize as food. (Portable yogurt tube? No.) Don?t eat anything with more than five ingredients, or ingredients you can't pronounce. Don't eat anything that won't eventually rot. Enjoy meals at a table, with family, at regular meal times. Leave the table a little bit hungry.
Have Sex
In a CNN story earlier this year, the network featured yoga instructor Sadie Nardini and her husband, who made an early New Year's resolution: sex every day for the month of December.
The two made the vow to help curb their appetite for cigarettes and chocolate, and it worked, they said. But they also discovered the sex helped them sleep better, gave them more energy, and Nardini said they didn't get the winter colds they typically do.
Research generally supports the notion that more sex leads to healthier lives.
Men who have sex three times a week can decrease their risk of heart attack and stroke by 50 percent, said Drs. Michael Roizen and Mehmet Oz, who together wrote a book, "You: Being Beautiful." Men who have 150 to 350 orgasms a year can feel two to eight years younger, and regular sex can decrease general pain, the doctors said.
Respect Your Body
You have to exercise to live longer -- there is no way around this one. So turn off "The Biggest Loser" and get outside. Perhaps the best advice here is the most simple: Find exercise you enjoy and make it a high priority in your life. Get creative. Find activities you are willing to do for the long term.
Oz, a surgeon and TV health guru, offered these other tips for men (from among his top 25 greatest health tips, listed in Men's Health magazine):
Don't pamper your back -- taking to bed will make a bad back weaker; it's better to get moving.
Drink green tea as an alternative to coffee and sugary drinks. It's full of heart-boosting and cancer-stopping polyphenols.
Another tip: floss. Research shows that bacteria that lingers in the mouth ends up in the bloodstream and can increase risk of heart disease.
Cut Stress / Connect With Family
In the nine tips outlined in Buettner's "Blue Zones" book, four of them (reduce stress; belong to a community; keep family first; surround yourself with people who have similar blue zone values) fall under this heading.
Stress corrodes healthy living and leads to bad habits that shorten lives: drinking, smoking and junk food, researchers say. Look for ways to reduce stress: exercising, playing games, walking, sex, gardening -- any hobby you enjoy. Draft a to-do list and then set a realistic plan for getting it all done. Simple breathing exercises can help slow a racing mind.
Experts also recommend people talk through problems even when -- especially when -- it seems really hard to do. It's been suggested that one reason women live longer is because they form closer networks of friends and lean more often on support groups. Financial experts note that money is the most common stressor for many men and they recommend facing any cash problems head-on and putting a plan in place to solve them.
Oz offers this last tip: laughing eases stress, promotes social bonding, lowers blood pressure and it may boost the immune system.
Engage Your Brain
Researchers are learning more and more about what keeps the brain sharp over time and how it affects lifespan. Scientists say that fewer than one in 200 people reach the age of 90 with no sign of dementia, and those people are offering researchers bountiful new data on how they did it, the New York Times reported last year.
"We think, for example, that it's very important to use your brain, to keep challenging your mind, but all mental activities may not be equal," Dr. Claudia Kawas, a neurologist at the University of California, Irvine, told the Times in a May 2009 article. "We?re seeing some evidence that a social component may be crucial."
The Times article featured a group of plus-90 women who play bridge, which tests memory and keeps the brain engaged. Evidence suggests that people who spend three hours or more a day engrossed in mental activities like card games might be at reduced risk of developing dementia, the Times reported. Researchers want to know if those card players are active because they are sharp, or sharp because they are active.
But studies so far certainly suggest that it's a good idea to take your brain out for a spin every day. Do puzzles or games. Read a type of book that is unfamiliar. Learn a new skill -- a dance step or basic phrases in foreign language. Change up daily routines a bit. Or get creative -- take a stained-glass window or woodblock print art class.
Distributed by Internet Broadcasting. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | 2024-01-16T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5181 |
Q:
Should we take up our cross daily or not?
In Luke 9:23 in the HCSB Jesus is quoted saying
"If anyone wants to come with Me, he must deny himself, take up his cross daily and follow Me."
In the parallel passages in Mark 8, and Matthew 16 the word daily is omitted.
"If anyone wants to be My follower, he must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow Me." - Mark 8:34b
"If anyone wants to come with Me, he must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow Me." - Matthew 16:24b
I have a note in my Bible saying that some manuscripts omit "daily" in Luke. Since Mark was completed prior to Luke, and since the majority of the parallel passages do not include "daily", is the best reading to not include it in Luke? It doesn't really change the meaning of the passage (that is to die to follow Christ), except to potentially add emphasis where it may not have originally been there. I can see how some could put too much emphasis on the word daily, and not on the original decision to take up the death march after being drawn by God according to John 6.
A:
The adverb, "daily" in Luke 9:23 is unique, ie, it is not reported by Matthew and Mark. According to NA28:
the texts (MSS) which support its inclusion are: p75, Sinaiticus (*2b), 01, 02, 017, 019, 032, 038, 040, 044, f1, f13, 33, 700, 892, 2542, aur, f, vulgate, Syriac (c p h**), sa, bo
The texts (MSS) that have it omitted include: Sinaiticus (2a), 04, 05, 036, 037, 565, 579, 1424, majority and byzantine texts, itala, Syriac (s hmg), sa(ms)
It is the judgement of NA28 that it should be included because the evidence from early witnesses appears conclusive. As Ellicott points out,
Take up his cross daily.--The adverb is peculiar to St. Luke's report,
and at least reminds us of St. Paul's "I die daily" ( 1 Corinthians
15:31).
Any discussion about whether Luke should be corrected because Mark excludes the word "daily" on the basis that Luke borrowed from Mark is a discussion based entirely on speculation - information we do not have. Even if it were true, Luke might have found better information but we do not know. This is one of many cases where the evangelists report Jesus' words in different forms. That is, the early writers sometimes paraphrased without apology.
| 2024-04-10T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4273 |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-13-00261}
===============
The use of carbonaceous material is one of the most established practices in material science \[[@B1-materials-13-00261]\]. Nowadays, carbon fibers are used in so many commodities that they have become an unavoidable asset for the global market \[[@B2-materials-13-00261]\]. Together with carbon fibers, carbon black leads the global carbon revenue due to its use in the production of tires \[[@B3-materials-13-00261]\]. Over the years, highly costly carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene have fed the dreams of the scientific community with their astonishing conductive, optical, and mechanical properties \[[@B4-materials-13-00261],[@B5-materials-13-00261]\]. Despite the expected revolution, these materials did not develop from research and small productions. In 2009, Segal et al. \[[@B6-materials-13-00261]\] said that the world was ready for the ton-scale production of graphene, but, in 2020, single layer graphene is still sold at 230 €/cm^2^ and graphene oxide costs 140,000 €/kg \[[@B7-materials-13-00261]\]. In contrast, carbon black is sold for 1.5--0.95 €/kg \[[@B8-materials-13-00261]\]. High-tech carbon materials (i.e., carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide) have not yet fulfilled the promise of the new carbon era. While the world waits for the large scale commercialization of cheap pure carbon allotropes, new routes have been explored to make engineered carbon a profitable business. In this field, the most promising approach is probably the integration of carbon production with waste management \[[@B9-materials-13-00261],[@B10-materials-13-00261],[@B11-materials-13-00261]\]. The biomass waste stream is most abundant worldwide, and it is generally disposed through incineration. This represents both an environmental threat and an economic loss due to the transformation of a rich feedstock into heat and ashes. A more profitable approach is the thermal conversion of biomasses for the production of fuels \[[@B12-materials-13-00261],[@B13-materials-13-00261]\], chemicals \[[@B14-materials-13-00261]\], and materials \[[@B15-materials-13-00261]\]. The conversion of biomass into liquid fuels is quite challenging due to the very high oxygen content of the original feedstock compared with traditional oil-derived fuel (i.e., gasoline and diesel). Nonetheless, the production of carbonaceous material from the thermochemical conversion of both lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic biomasses is very promising for several reasons. This bioderived carbon is generally known as biochar and could be used for many applications \[[@B16-materials-13-00261]\], mainly due to its properties and well-balanced cost of around 0.8--2.4 €/kg \[[@B17-materials-13-00261],[@B18-materials-13-00261],[@B19-materials-13-00261]\]. Currently, the most common biochar application is as for soil health improvement \[[@B20-materials-13-00261],[@B21-materials-13-00261],[@B22-materials-13-00261]\] and for use as solid fuels with a heating content of around 40 kJ/mol \[[@B23-materials-13-00261]\]. These two applications are limited and do not exploit the many biochar applications that can be derived from its easy tuneability with simple process adjustment \[[@B24-materials-13-00261]\].
In this review paper, we report a comprehensive overview of the non-soil applications of biochar to prove its feasibility as a replacement for traditional carbon materials and as a solid competitor with high tech materials.
We summarize the recent literature in four main sections dedicated to (i) environmental remediation, (ii) energy storage, (iii) composite production, and (iv) other applications.
We hope that this review is an useful tool to navigate the great sea of biochar potential.
2. Biochar Production Strategies {#sec2-materials-13-00261}
================================
Biochar is produced through four main thermochemical routes: (i) torrefaction, (ii) pyrolysis, (iii) hydrothermal carbonization and (iv) gasification.
Torrefaction is a low temperature thermal treatment that is used to densify biomasses for energy purposes \[[@B25-materials-13-00261]\]. The operative temperature ranges from 200 to 350 °C with long residence and processing times and high solid product yields \[[@B26-materials-13-00261]\]. The carbon content of solid residue is around 50--60 wt.% \[[@B27-materials-13-00261]\] but can reach 72--80 wt.% by using microwave heating combined with the addition of microwave susceptors \[[@B28-materials-13-00261],[@B29-materials-13-00261],[@B30-materials-13-00261],[@B31-materials-13-00261]\]. This approach leads to the reduction of the process timescale to minutes.
Pyrolysis is a high temperature thermal treatment that breaks polymeric macromolecules, thus giving compounds that have a lower molecular weight in an oxygen free atmosphere \[[@B12-materials-13-00261],[@B32-materials-13-00261]\]. Pyrolysis is run with different heating technologies \[[@B33-materials-13-00261]\] and apparatus designs \[[@B34-materials-13-00261],[@B35-materials-13-00261],[@B36-materials-13-00261],[@B37-materials-13-00261]\] at a temperature range from 450 to 700 °C \[[@B38-materials-13-00261]\] with huge variations in product fraction yields.
Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermal depolymerization process that is used to convert wet biomass into crude-like oil, gas, and hydrochar under moderate temperature and high pressure \[[@B39-materials-13-00261]\] by using an aqueous solvent \[[@B40-materials-13-00261]\], a non-aqueous solvent \[[@B41-materials-13-00261],[@B42-materials-13-00261]\] or sub-critical/critical media \[[@B43-materials-13-00261]\]. This process can be performed with \[[@B44-materials-13-00261]\] or without a catalyst \[[@B42-materials-13-00261]\], and it is useful for the improvement of properties of products \[[@B45-materials-13-00261]\].
Gasification is the conversion of biomass into a gaseous fuel by heating in a gasification medium such as air \[[@B46-materials-13-00261]\], oxygen, or steam \[[@B47-materials-13-00261]\], generally at temperatures higher than 800 °C with or without a catalyst \[[@B48-materials-13-00261]\]. Products from gasification are a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and water vapor. Biochar that is produced from gasification processes shows a higher carbon and ash content compared to biochar from torrefaction and pyrolysis processes \[[@B49-materials-13-00261]\]. This was due to higher process temperatures that promote an advance cracking process with the simultaneous reduction of volatile organic matters and an increment of fixed carbon.
As shown in [Figure 1](#materials-13-00261-f001){ref-type="fig"}, biochar carbon amount strongly correlates with the temperature that is adopted during the thermochemical conversion of all lignocellulosic biomasses.
Hydrogen/carbon and oxygen/carbon ratio low values are characteristic of less defective carbonaceous structures and could be more appealing for electronic and electric applications, while the other samples could be more useful as additive and for adsorbitive processes \[[@B51-materials-13-00261],[@B52-materials-13-00261]\].
3. Non-Soil Biochar Applications {#sec3-materials-13-00261}
================================
3.1. Environmental Remediation Applications {#sec3dot1-materials-13-00261}
-------------------------------------------
Environmental pollution is a global menace, and its magnitude is increasing day by day due to urbanization, heavy industrialization, and the changing lifestyles of people. In view of this, providing clean air, water and environments for people is a challenging task. In particular, the overall demand of water for human activities and the amount of wastewater that is produced are continuously increasing worldwide year by year \[[@B53-materials-13-00261]\]. Wastewater management has become one of the priorities for every urban conglomerate \[[@B54-materials-13-00261]\], involving several biological and chemical treatments \[[@B55-materials-13-00261]\] for reuse in civilian and industrial applications.
Water pollution is a global problem that is threatening the entire biosphere and affecting millions of lives \[[@B56-materials-13-00261]\]. Water pollution is recognized as one of the foremost global threats for human and environmental health \[[@B57-materials-13-00261]\]. A lot of different technologies for water purification are available based on filtration \[[@B58-materials-13-00261]\], adsorption \[[@B59-materials-13-00261]\], or degradation \[[@B60-materials-13-00261]\] technologies. Specialistic literature is rich in research that claims to have a water purification efficiency of up to 99%, but this is true only under idealized conditions of pH, contaminant concentrations, and other operating parameters \[[@B61-materials-13-00261]\]. Despite these astonishing claims, under real operative conditions, efficiency may substantially decrease. Furthermore, a lot of these techniques, such as ion exchange resins \[[@B62-materials-13-00261]\], are designed to target one class of contaminant at a time, which makes them useless in the case of environmentally polluted waters, where several contaminants simultaneously occur on a regular base. Taking into account these considerations, adsorption and degradative procedures are more appealing for real applications.
Biochar represents a game-changer material that is able to remove both inorganic and organic pollutants through adsorbitive and degradative processes. Furthermore, biochar could be successfully used for air purification by removing molecules such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen disulfide.
### 3.1.1. Inorganic Pollutants Removal {#sec3dot1dot1-materials-13-00261}
Water pollution due to the presence of dissolved metal species has become a serious issue in a lot of underdeveloped \[[@B63-materials-13-00261],[@B64-materials-13-00261],[@B65-materials-13-00261],[@B66-materials-13-00261]\] and developed countries \[[@B67-materials-13-00261],[@B68-materials-13-00261]\]. The management of this issue is crucial for human health and safety.
Carbonaceous materials play a relevant role in the detoxification of watery sources, and biochar represents a very affordable solution. Huggins et al. \[[@B69-materials-13-00261]\] compared granular wood-derived biochar- and granular-activated carbon for the treatment of a wastewater stream in both batch and column systems. The authors clearly showed that biochar-based filtering material reduces the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ion concentrations (PO~4~^3−^, NH~4~^+^, As^3+^, Cd^2+^, Cr^3+^, Pb^2+^, Zn^2+^, and Cu^2+^) of wastewater treatment with more efficiency than activated carbon. Furthermore, biochar can be produced from so many feedstock sources that it guarantees a high versatility. Arán et al. \[[@B70-materials-13-00261]\] proved the relevance of feedstock by studying the copper adsorption of different feedstock-derived biochars. The authors clearly showed that the distribution of copper between the forms bound to biochar and dissolved into media depends on the starting material.
Chromium is a widely diffused element in the earth's crust that has found a lot of applications. Consequently, chromium pollution has arisen as a serious environmental issue due to its abundant emissions from refractory materials, stainless steel production, and steel alloy production \[[@B71-materials-13-00261]\]. Chromium(VI) is particularly toxic, and its removal is mandatory to avoid both environmental and human life threats. Currently, many adsorptive systems are available \[[@B72-materials-13-00261],[@B73-materials-13-00261],[@B74-materials-13-00261]\], but they are quite expensive. Biochar has been used for the removal of Cr(VI) in a very effective way. Banerjee et al. \[[@B75-materials-13-00261]\] developed a zirconium-caged steam-activated biochar for the removal of Cr(VI) by using a contaminated water flux/fixed bed approach. The authors claimed a high Cr(VI) removal efficiency of up to 94 wt.% under a moderate flux rate (4 mL/min).
Another promising approach taken by various researchers is based on redox methodology that converts Cr(VI) into Cr(III) after adsorption onto a carbonaceous structure \[[@B76-materials-13-00261]\]. In one study, this route was combined with a proposed one-pot solvothermal method that was applied to synthesize an iron-decorated magnetic biochar composite \[[@B77-materials-13-00261]\]. Biochar acted simultaneously as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) and an electron-donor for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), while iron-containing nanoparticles were involved in the immobilization of Cr(III). Iron-decorated biochar showed a remarkable ability to removal chromium of up to 84 wt.% with an easy recoverability. Similarly, Shi et al. \[[@B78-materials-13-00261]\] tailored iron nanoparticles to be supported on a mixed system that was based on silica and biochar. The authors showed how the tailoring process improved the Cr(VI) adsorption ability by up to 28 mg/g for a final removal of up to 85 wt.%. The essential role of biochar in Cr(VI) reduction in Fe--biochar systems has been proven by systematic studies \[[@B79-materials-13-00261],[@B80-materials-13-00261]\], as shown in [Figure 2](#materials-13-00261-f002){ref-type="fig"}, while in another study, the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was ascribed to the redox couple Fe(III)/Fe(II) present in the greigite mineral that was used to tailor a biochar surface \[[@B81-materials-13-00261]\].
Adsorption onto neat biochar particles was also used to purify water streams from Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Sm(III) \[[@B83-materials-13-00261],[@B84-materials-13-00261],[@B85-materials-13-00261],[@B86-materials-13-00261],[@B87-materials-13-00261],[@B88-materials-13-00261],[@B89-materials-13-00261],[@B90-materials-13-00261],[@B91-materials-13-00261],[@B92-materials-13-00261]\].
Biochar surface modification plays a very relevant role on the adsorptive performances of biochar-based materials.
One of the most established procedures to magnify functionalities on a biochar surface is partial oxidation during or after pyrolytic treatment. A low-oxygen pyrolysis atmosphere (1%--4%) was used by Zhang et al. \[[@B93-materials-13-00261]\] with a significant Pb(II) removal increment from 17.2 to 71.7 wt.%. This was confirmed by the study reported by Gao et al. \[[@B94-materials-13-00261]\], who used an oxidative post-pyrolysis procedure-based treatment with HNO~3~, H~2~O~2~ or KMnO~4~. This functionalization led to a 97.4 wt.% sorption of Pb(II) from the watery solution. Liatsou et al. \[[@B95-materials-13-00261]\] showed, through a detailed set of investigations of herbaceous biochars treated with HNO~3~, that anhydrides and carboxylic acids act as main surface groups to bind metal ions.
This assumption remains true for inorganic tailored biochar, as clearly showed by Feng et al. \[[@B96-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors described the effects of residual groups (i.e., hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl functionalities) on bromate removal when using a FeCl~3~-decorated biochar. This study clearly showed that the main removal mechanism of bromate was due to the oxidation of hydroxyl groups while an Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple served as electron shuttle to facilitate the electron transfer.
Biochar iron decoration represents a very interesting approach to produce a performing and highly recoverable adsorbent material with complex interactions between iron and carbonaceous phases \[[@B97-materials-13-00261]\]. Zhang et al. \[[@B98-materials-13-00261]\] impregnated an apple pomace biochar with a solution of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and used it with successful results in the adsorption of a watery metal mixture. A step forward is represented by the study of Zhou et al. \[[@B99-materials-13-00261]\]; the authors prepared a urea-functionalized Fe(O)-decorated biochar that guaranteed a high removal and recovery efficiency during the adsorption of Cu(II). Guo et al. \[[@B100-materials-13-00261]\] combined iron with manganese oxides, achieving the recovery performance of the iron-tailored biochars, together with the ability to adsorb both C(II) and As(V). Further biochar tailoring processes have involved the introduction of phosphate residues that create a micropores structure together with a high surface area \[[@B101-materials-13-00261]\], as well as simple and complex organic \[[@B102-materials-13-00261],[@B103-materials-13-00261]\] and inorganic \[[@B104-materials-13-00261],[@B105-materials-13-00261]\] frameworks.
Anionic species that are dissolved in water represent another great family of watery pollutants; however, in this case, biochars still represent a valuable tool \[[@B106-materials-13-00261],[@B107-materials-13-00261],[@B108-materials-13-00261],[@B109-materials-13-00261]\].
Phosphates are probably one of the principal causes of the eutrophication of surface waters \[[@B110-materials-13-00261],[@B111-materials-13-00261],[@B112-materials-13-00261],[@B113-materials-13-00261]\]. Trazzi et al. \[[@B114-materials-13-00261]\] reported the use of a Miscanthus biochar produced at 700 °C for removing phosphates and segregating them into the soil, thus improving their agronomic performances and reducing algae proliferation.
Several biochar modifications have been used to tailor phosphorous uptake, ranging from electrochemical \[[@B115-materials-13-00261]\] to inorganic deposition \[[@B116-materials-13-00261],[@B117-materials-13-00261]\] procedures. These studies led to the development of real-scale plants based on biochar adsorbents that operate in flux and not merely on the batch scale \[[@B118-materials-13-00261]\].
Nitrate represents another anion species that is strongly correlated with eutrophication \[[@B119-materials-13-00261]\]. Divband et al. \[[@B120-materials-13-00261]\] developed a biochar from the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, showing the best operative conditions after 1 h of using a solution with a pH of 4.64 and a starting nitrate concentration of up-to-a-dose-adsorbent of 2 g/L. Furthermore, species such as fluoride \[[@B121-materials-13-00261]\] and uranyl oxides \[[@B122-materials-13-00261],[@B123-materials-13-00261]\] could be efficiently removed from watery phases by using biochar.
Biochar destiny after adsorption represents another strong point for its use for water purification. As reported by several authors \[[@B124-materials-13-00261],[@B125-materials-13-00261]\], contaminated biochar could be a source of fertilizers, catalysis, metal nanoparticle synthesis through pyrolytic conversions, feed additives, and biologically active compounds.
The desalinization process represents a further relevant application of water treatments that use biochar. This procedure has been performed through simple osmotic filtration \[[@B126-materials-13-00261]\] and through capacitive processes \[[@B127-materials-13-00261]\] with \[[@B128-materials-13-00261],[@B129-materials-13-00261]\] or without \[[@B130-materials-13-00261]\] functionalization.
### 3.1.2. Organic Pollutants Removal {#sec3dot1dot2-materials-13-00261}
Watery pollution, due to the presence of organic molecules, has risen together with the anthropization. The anthropogenic effect is the main cause of the release of pollutants such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymers residues \[[@B131-materials-13-00261],[@B132-materials-13-00261]\]. During last few decades, the use of carbonaceous materials for the improvement of water purifications has been very intensively studied. Materials such as carbon dots \[[@B133-materials-13-00261]\], carbon nanotubes \[[@B134-materials-13-00261]\] and graphene \[[@B135-materials-13-00261]\] have been used for both organic pollutants detection and removal. Despite their performances, the high cost of high-tech carbon materials has slowed down their application in real-plant units.
Biochar represents a cheaper solution compared to other carbonaceous materials with very promising performances \[[@B136-materials-13-00261],[@B137-materials-13-00261]\] due to the several interactions that occur on biochar particles, as summarized in [Figure 3](#materials-13-00261-f003){ref-type="fig"}.
The great variety of interactions that occur between biochar and organic molecules ranges from very weak (e.g., hydrophobic ones) to very strong (e.g., hydrogen bond and π--π orbital interactions).
The simultaneous occurrence of these interactions is the reason for the good performance of biochar as an adsorber for several typologies of compounds \[[@B138-materials-13-00261],[@B139-materials-13-00261],[@B140-materials-13-00261],[@B141-materials-13-00261],[@B142-materials-13-00261],[@B143-materials-13-00261]\].
Firstly, biochar has been used to remove persistent small organic molecules such as aromatics. Jayawardhana et al. \[[@B145-materials-13-00261]\] used biochar that was derived from the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste to remove alkylated benzenes. They reached an efficiency of 850 and 550 μg/g for toluene and m-xylene, respectively. Similarly, Kang et al. \[[@B146-materials-13-00261]\] used a biochar-derived material for the adsorption of phenanthrene. Nitroaromatics were also removed by using rice husk biochars, as described by Lingamdinne et al. \[[@B147-materials-13-00261]\]. In this research, the authors used a rice husk that had been pyrolyzed at 700 °C to remove 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane. They showed that the adsorption process occurred through weak electrostatic interactions as well as through charge transfer between nitric functionalities and biochar surface functional groups. Mandal et al. \[[@B148-materials-13-00261]\] used various biomass wastes (tea, cucumber, and mixed hardwood) for the production of biochar at 400 and 700 °C. These carbonaceous materials were used to adsorb 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, achieving an uptake of up to 59 mg/g. Zhu et al. \[[@B149-materials-13-00261]\] deeply investigated the interaction between biochar and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. They showed that surface amination and oxidation can improve biochar adsorption properties. Furthermore, polyhalogenated hydrocarbons were removed from waste stream by using biochar that was produced from the pyrolysis of digestate with an uptake of up to 11 mg/g \[[@B150-materials-13-00261]\].
Al Ameri et al. \[[@B151-materials-13-00261]\] used a peat-derived biochar as a bio-sorbent for the sorption and removal of crude oil spills from synthetic seawater, reaching a crude oil adsorption of 32.5 g per gram of biochar sorbent. Similarly, Feng et al. used porous carbon macro spheres with a diameter of 1--2 cm that were prepared through the carbonization of the fruit of *Liquidambar formosana*. The authors claimed an oil adsorption close to 99 wt.%.
Dyes represent the other great threat to water sanification due to their persistency and toxicity \[[@B152-materials-13-00261]\]. The adsorption of dyes is affected by many parameters, such as solution pH, chemical nature and initial concentration of the dye molecules \[[@B153-materials-13-00261]\]. He et al. \[[@B154-materials-13-00261]\] reported the use of a micro-scale biochar particles/polysulfone mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane for the removal of methylene blue from water. The membrane's static and dynamic adsorption performance was investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was associated with electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. In a study by Hou et al. \[[@B155-materials-13-00261]\], hydrochars from bamboo shoot shells were used for rhodamine B adsorption. Hydrochar produced at 800 °C with a heating rate of 25 °C adsorbed up to 86 mg/g of rhodamine B---a result that was lower than the results that were achieved by using non pyrolyzed sugar cane bagasse \[[@B156-materials-13-00261]\]. Zazycki et al. \[[@B157-materials-13-00261]\] used pecan nutshell biochar as low-cost adsorbent for removing Reactive Red 141 from aqueous solutions with an uptake of up to 130 mg/g, which was comparable with results achieved by Netpradit et al. \[[@B158-materials-13-00261]\], who used metal hydroxides. Jung et al. \[[@B159-materials-13-00261]\] produced a magnetic iron-decorated biochar from the pyrolysis of marine macroalgae for the adsorption of Orange 7 from aqueous media with comparable performances to those of metal frameworks \[[@B160-materials-13-00261]\]. The iron tailoring enabled a higher adsorption performance along with an easier separation and recovery process in the post-adsorption stage when using a simple magnet. A similar approach was applied by Heo et al. \[[@B161-materials-13-00261]\], who used a CuZnFe~2~O~4~-tailored biochar composite for the simultaneous removal of bisphenol A and sulfamethoxazole.
Another rising issue in civilian water is the presence of traces of pharmaceuticals compounds due to their consumption \[[@B162-materials-13-00261],[@B163-materials-13-00261]\] and inappropriate disposal \[[@B164-materials-13-00261]\]. Kim et al. \[[@B165-materials-13-00261]\] proposed an interesting ultrafiltration-activated biochar hybrid system for the removal of ibuprofen, 17 α-ethinyl estradiol, and carbamazepine, ultimately achieving an adsorption of up to 47 wt.%. Li et al. \[[@B166-materials-13-00261]\] used biochars that were prepared from cassava dregs at different pyrolytic temperatures (350, 450, and 700 °C) for the adsorption of ciprofloxacin, and this process is correlated to the action of residual groups with adsorption ability. Jang et al. \[[@B167-materials-13-00261]\] used a sodium hydroxide-activated biochar to remove tetracycline; a comparison with a commercial activated carbon (Calgon F400) showed a comparable activity with the biochar used. Similarly, Mandal et al. \[[@B168-materials-13-00261]\] removed atrazine and imidacloprid from water by using an agricultural waste stream-derived biochar in a multi-staged batch adsorption systems. A different approach was reported by Xu and co-workers. They used Fe(0) nanoparticle-tailored biochar for the adsorption of florfenicol \[[@B169-materials-13-00261]\]. An additional sulfide modification of the iron nanoparticles led to the disruption of the antibiotic molecules.
Adsorption processes are neither the only nor the most used route to eliminate organic pollutants from watery streams. Degradative processes based on the oxidation routes play a major role in this field, mainly through catalytic-mediated peroxide oxidation, as shown in [Figure 4](#materials-13-00261-f004){ref-type="fig"}.
Fenton and Fenton-like processes are the more effective processes based on the activation of peroxides in mild conditions by using cheap metal precursors \[[@B170-materials-13-00261]\] and more stable oxidant agents such as persulfates \[[@B171-materials-13-00261]\]. Huang et al. \[[@B172-materials-13-00261]\] proved the significant role of biomass types on the formation of persistent free radicals during Fenton and Fenton-like process. This was particularly interesting because biochars have shown high catalytic potential due to their persistent free radicals that attract attention in the removal of refractory pollutants from water. The radical evolution in biochars that were derived from several biomasses (i.e., bamboo, corn stalk, and pig manure) were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance. These experiments, together with linear sweep voltammetry measurements, showed that a hydroxyl radical was the dominant reactive radical in the biochar--H~2~O~2~ systems. Based on this study, He et al. \[[@B173-materials-13-00261]\] described persulfate activation with sawdust biochar in an aqueous solution with an enhanced electron donor-transfer effect. The authors pyrolyzed sawdust at two different temperatures (300 and 700 °C), showing that the degradation efficiency of Orange 7 increased along with the pyrolytic temperature. This was due to the graphite electron donor-transfer complex formed on the surface and in the pores of the biochar that played a decisive role in the reaction.
Interestingly, Ho et al. \[[@B174-materials-13-00261]\] produced a nitrogen-doped biochar from the pyrolysis of C-phycocyanin extracted spirulina residue for catalytic persulfate activation. The authors processed the feedstock at a high temperature (900 °C) and achieved nitrogen doping directly from the protein content. The resulting material promoted a non-radical activation process that guaranteed a mild and high-efficiency strategy for disinfection in waste and drinking water. More traditional catalysts that produced a porous biochar originated from *Myriophyllum aquaticum* tailored with Fe~3~O~4~ were described by Fu et al. \[[@B175-materials-13-00261]\]. This catalyst induced the activation of peroxymonosulfate during p-hydroxybenzoic acid degradation according to the traditional Fenton process route. Similarly, several authors have claimed the effectiveness of magnetic iron-based biochars in Fenton degradative processes \[[@B176-materials-13-00261],[@B177-materials-13-00261]\]. Furthermore, Deng et al. described the use of pyrolyzed wood-waste for the fabrication of a porous carbon cathode that acts in the electro-Fenton degradative process of sulfathiazole in a pyrophosphate electrolyte alkaline environment. Bisphenol A could be also degraded by using both thermal \[[@B178-materials-13-00261]\] and ultrasound \[[@B179-materials-13-00261],[@B180-materials-13-00261]\] induced Fenton processes.
Gan et al. \[[@B181-materials-13-00261]\] induced the degradation of refractive organic pollutants, such as dimethyl phthalate, by using a metal framework based on CoFe~2~O~4~ for the activation of peroxymonosulfate.
Fenton and Fenton-like routes are not the only available oxidative procedures. Moussavi et al. \[[@B182-materials-13-00261]\] prepared a biochar from a pistachio hull that demonstrated its catalytic potential for degrading Reactive Red 198 in catalytic ozonation processes, ultimately achieving a 58 wt.% removal efficiency.
Alternatively to oxidative degradation processes, reductive processes can also be performed, even if they are less appealing than the others due to their greater complexity. Some authors have described a reductive approach for the removal of nitro alkylated benzene based on the use of Fe(0)-tailored biochars \[[@B183-materials-13-00261],[@B184-materials-13-00261]\], but the number of studies is still much lower than those on oxidative-based processes. A different and interesting approach is the hybrid system proposed by Lyu et al. \[[@B185-materials-13-00261]\] based on the use of biochar-supported nanoscale iron sulfide and Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4. The authors applied this chemo-bio route for the dechlorination of trichloroethylene. A similar approach was used by Ayyappan et al. \[[@B186-materials-13-00261]\], who used a coconut shell biochar for dye degradation in a microbial fuel cell; they claimed a removal efficiency of up to 78 wt.%.
Photodegradative procedures have also been considered for watery streams purification \[[@B187-materials-13-00261]\]. Shirvanimoghadda et al. \[[@B188-materials-13-00261]\] produced and used carbon microtubes from the pyrolysis of cotton waste at different temperatures (from 900 to 1500 °C) for the UV photodegradation of bisphenol-A. A tailored magnetic biochar-containing Fe~3~O~4~-BiOBr was used by Li et al. \[[@B189-materials-13-00261]\] for carbamazepine photodegradation under visible LED light irradiation with a degradative performance of up to 96 wt.%. Kumar et al. \[[@B190-materials-13-00261]\] described another bismuth-based magnetic biochar material that was successfully used for the UV photodegradation of paraquat, with the nitrophenol reduction achieving a degradation of up to 99 wt.%. These performances were quite comparable with more expensive materials such as tailored graphene oxide \[[@B191-materials-13-00261]\]. Furthermore, the combination with cheap photoactive species such as zinc oxides has led to the realization of a performing photoactive material \[[@B192-materials-13-00261]\].
### 3.1.3. Gaseous Pollutants Removal {#sec3dot1dot3-materials-13-00261}
Gas mixture purification is one of the most relevant industrial issues \[[@B193-materials-13-00261]\]. Actually, the most used approaches are based on selective membranes \[[@B194-materials-13-00261],[@B195-materials-13-00261]\] or in-solution absorption \[[@B196-materials-13-00261]\]. The use of a biochar-based adsorber could be an interesting application on a large scale for this bio waste-derived material. Das et al. \[[@B197-materials-13-00261]\] realized a biochar packed biofilter for gas-phase hydrogen sulfide removal; the authors claimed a very good stability for fifty days of operation. This system showed a maximum elimination capacity of 33 g/m^3^ h, along with a fast response to shock loads. A very similar approach was described by Braghiroli et al. \[[@B198-materials-13-00261]\] for the removal of SO~2~ that was generated from anthropogenic sources. Shao et al. \[[@B199-materials-13-00261]\] used activated biochar, proving the beneficial effect of CO~2~ activation in producing a material with a higher adsorption capability and a higher regenerability compared with pristine biochar.
Furthermore, the use of carbon dioxide as a biochar activation reagent could contribute to the reduction of CO~2~ atmospheric emissions, which represent one of the greatest threat for climate change \[[@B200-materials-13-00261],[@B201-materials-13-00261],[@B202-materials-13-00261]\]. Nonetheless, the use of CO~2~ for biochar activation is not the only route to mitigate emissions. The other and more appealing approach is represented by the use of biochar for the removal of CO~2~ from gaseous mixtures \[[@B203-materials-13-00261]\]. Liu et al. \[[@B204-materials-13-00261]\] described the use of spent coffee grounds as efficient CO~2~ adsorbers, reaching a gas uptake of up to 119 mg/g at 35 °C. Igalavithana et al. \[[@B205-materials-13-00261]\] recovered biochar from the gasification of food and wood waste, ultimately claiming a high CO~2~ uptake and a very good recyclability. Huang et al. \[[@B206-materials-13-00261]\] used a biochar that was produced from the microwave co-torrefaction of sewage sludge and *Leucaena* wood, ultimately reaching a CO~2~ uptake of up to 53 mg/g. Chiag et al. \[[@B207-materials-13-00261]\] explained different biochar CO~2~ adsorption abilities with the surface microstructures and residual functionalities of carbonaceous materials. The effect of nitrogen residual functionalities was used by Zhang et al. \[[@B208-materials-13-00261]\] for the realization of a nitrogen-rich rice husk biochar that was able to adsorb CO~2~ at a rate of 59 mg/g. Rice husk was also pyrolyzed under microwave irradiation \[[@B209-materials-13-00261]\] and activated with post-pyrolysis treatments \[[@B210-materials-13-00261]\], ultimately showing very promising CO~2~ uptake values. Pyrolysis post-treatments were widely used to increase the CO~2~ adsorption ability of a biochar by introducing basic sites via ammonia functionalization processes \[[@B211-materials-13-00261],[@B212-materials-13-00261]\].
3.2. Energy Storage Applications {#sec3dot2-materials-13-00261}
--------------------------------
Energy storage technology represents a great challenge of 21st century \[[@B213-materials-13-00261]\] due to its different applications. Nowadays, numerous technologies \[[@B214-materials-13-00261]\] have been developed, such as solar and fuel cells \[[@B215-materials-13-00261],[@B216-materials-13-00261]\], high performance batteries \[[@B217-materials-13-00261]\] and supercapacitors \[[@B218-materials-13-00261]\], as summarized in [Figure 5](#materials-13-00261-f005){ref-type="fig"}.
A battery is a system formed by at least two electrochemical cells with contacts to supply electrical energy according to electrochemical potential. Specialist literature has been focused on two main solid state battery systems based on lithium \[[@B220-materials-13-00261]\] and sodium \[[@B221-materials-13-00261]\] ions. A supercapacitor is an energy storage modulus that stores energy in an electrical double layer that is formed at the interface between an electrolytic solution and an electronic conductor. A fuel cell is an electrochemical system that produces electric energy through the supply of a fuel (i.e., hydrogen \[[@B222-materials-13-00261]\], carbon \[[@B223-materials-13-00261]\], and methanol \[[@B224-materials-13-00261]\]) and an oxidant agent (i.e., oxygen and hydrogen peroxide).
### 3.2.1. Biochar Used for Supercapacitor Production {#sec3dot2dot1-materials-13-00261}
The essential requirement for producing a performing supercapacitor material is an elevated surface area where the double ionic layer can be created. For this purpose, physically- and chemically-activated biochar is a very attractive material for the realization of supercapacitor electrodes \[[@B225-materials-13-00261]\]. Chemical activation introduces functional groups on the surface of an activated biochar, thus affecting the latter's electrochemical properties \[[@B226-materials-13-00261]\]. Nonetheless, Gabhi et al. \[[@B227-materials-13-00261]\] described the effect of monolithic biochars with graphite and graphite-like structures on capacitive performance. The authors showed the relationships between conductivity and activate biochar structures at 950 °C by using sugar maple, oak and hickory woods. They claimed an increase of biochar conductivity from 5 × 10^−6^ up to 343 S/m when carbon content changed from 86.8 to 93.7 wt.%. This phenomenon was attributed to the formation of graphite nanocrystals in the main structure of the biochar during the high temperature treatment.
Chemical activation is a well-established procedure to create an activated biochar with a good capacitive performance. Luo et al. \[[@B228-materials-13-00261]\] reported cellulose activation by using ammonia, and they were able reach area capacitance of 40 mF/m^2^.
Jin et al. \[[@B226-materials-13-00261]\] described the chemical activation of an ash-rich biochar by using potassium hydroxide at 900 °C, with a further modification occurring when using HNO~3~ at 150 °C. Activated biochar showed a very high specific area of up to 2000 m^2^/g with a specific capacitance of up to 260 F/g.
A low ash content feedstock was used by Qu et al. \[[@B229-materials-13-00261]\] for a direct conversion into activated biochar by using a steam and acidic--alkali treatment. Corncob-activated biochar had a surface area of up to 1210 m^2^/g, a capacitance of 314 F/g, and a remarkable stability after 10^5^ cycles in a symmetrical cell. Fast pyrolysis and alkaline chemical activation was used by Chen et al. \[[@B230-materials-13-00261]\] for the conversion of rotten food waste into an activated biochar with a capacitance of 488 F/g. Herbaceous feedstocks were diffusely studied for electrodes production and feedstock like hemp \[[@B231-materials-13-00261]\] and several flowers \[[@B232-materials-13-00261],[@B233-materials-13-00261]\] have been used for supercapacitor realization.
Surface morphology plays a relevant role in biochar-based supercapacitors \[[@B234-materials-13-00261],[@B235-materials-13-00261],[@B236-materials-13-00261]\]. As a matter of fact, macroporous biochar is characterized by an inferior performance compared to micro and mesoporous biochar, while microporous biochar has been shown to work at higher current density---up to 1.3 A/g---compared to other forms \[[@B237-materials-13-00261]\].
Activated biochar properties could be also modulated by using a plasma treatment, as described by Gupta et al. \[[@B238-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors reported a low temperature oxygen plasma treatment that was able to magnify the capacitance of a yellow pine biochar from 14 to 174 F/g as consequence of a surface area significant increment.
Furthermore, non-lignocellulosic biomasses could be converted into usefully carbonaceous materials for capacitive uses. As an example, keratin-mixed algae \[[@B239-materials-13-00261]\] was pyrolyzed for the production of heteroatom-doped activated biochar with interesting surface area and capacitive values. Pontiroli et al. \[[@B240-materials-13-00261]\] reported the production of a hierarchically-porous activated biochar from the pyrolysis of poultry litter with specific surface area of up to 3000 m^2^/g and a capacitance of 229 F/g.
### 3.2.2. Biochar Used for Batteries Production {#sec3dot2dot2-materials-13-00261}
Several authors have explored the use of biochars as anodic materials for the realization of performing batteries. Many authors have focused on the realization of lithium ion batteries due the great demand of highly technological devices based on them. Dai et al. \[[@B241-materials-13-00261]\] produced biochar from the pyrolysis of sewage sludge in order to produce hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres with a great surface area of up to 1500 m^2^/g. This biochar was employed as an anode for an Li-ion battery and showed an impressive discharge capacity of up to 1169 mAh/g. Low porousity biochars have shown far lower performances, as reported by Luna-Lama et al. \[[@B242-materials-13-00261]\], who used spent coffee grounds pyrolyzed at 800 °C and reached a specific capacity of only 360 mAh/g. This trend was confirmed by Zhang et al. \[[@B243-materials-13-00261]\], who reported values of around 600 mAh/g when using a microporous biochar. Similarly, Benitez et al. \[[@B244-materials-13-00261]\] reported the use of microporous biochar as a cathodic material for a lithium--sulfur battery with a specific capacity of 915 mAh/g and a current density of 100 mA/g. Chen et al. \[[@B245-materials-13-00261]\] showed that nitrogen doping could enhance hierarchical porous biochar activity derived from the pyrolysis of derived pomegranate residues at 700 °C of up to 550 mAh/g. Furthermore, the nitrogen-doped material was particularly stable after 500 cycles thanks to the chemical confinement of sulfur and the soluble lithium polysulfides performed by nitrogen sites. Heteroatom-doped biochar was used by Chen et al. \[[@B246-materials-13-00261]\] as a cathode with a discharge capacity of up to 1049 mAh/g. Non-lignocellulosic biomasses were used, as reported by Magnacca et al. \[[@B247-materials-13-00261]\]---the authors used chitin pyrolyzed at a moderate temperature for the realization of a low cost lithium--sulfur battery with acceptable performances. The tailoring process could further enhance biochar performance. Pan et al. \[[@B248-materials-13-00261]\] decorated a silk-derived biochar with nanocubes of ZnCo~2~O~4~ to produce a flexible performing anode material. Similarly, Li et al. \[[@B249-materials-13-00261]\] tailored a pomelo pericarp biochar with Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles, reaching a capacity of up to 635 mAh/g. Salimi et al. \[[@B250-materials-13-00261]\] combined the Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticle-tailoring process with the pyrolysis of algae to produce an electrode material with a higher initial specific discharge capacity of up to 740 mAh/g and a good cyclic stability \[[@B251-materials-13-00261]\].
Different ion-based batteries have also been developed, though in minor quantities; the only solid works about is from Saavedra Rios et al. \[[@B252-materials-13-00261]\], who used biochars from various biomasses as precursors for hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion battery applications.
### 3.2.3. Biochar Used for Fuel Cell Production {#sec3dot2dot3-materials-13-00261}
Several authors \[[@B253-materials-13-00261],[@B254-materials-13-00261],[@B255-materials-13-00261]\] have used biochar as a fuel for direct carbon fuel cells, proving the relationship between biochar properties (e.g., carbon percentage, ash content, surface area, and heating value) and its fuel performances. Xu et al. \[[@B256-materials-13-00261]\] definitively established the direct relation between the thermal degradation of biomasses and their performances in carbon fuels cell by comparing thermogravimetric analysis with empirical data. Qiu et al. \[[@B257-materials-13-00261]\] reported the development of a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell that was able to convert the chemical energy of biochar into electricity with high efficiency. The authors used biochar that had been derived from several biomasses (wheat straw, corncob, and bagasse), reaching a peak power densities of 260 mW/cm^2^ at 800 °C. A detailed study of direct carbon fuel cells was reported by Kacprzak et al. \[[@B258-materials-13-00261],[@B259-materials-13-00261],[@B260-materials-13-00261]\]. Firstly, the authors compared graphite rod and biochar from an apple tree that was pyrolyzed at 600 °C in a molten salt mixture of sodium and potassium hydroxide, and they found an optimum operative condition at 400 °C with a NaOH/KOH ratio of 1. In these operative conditions, biochar outputs were comparable with those achieved when using pure graphite. A further experiment proved the similar behavior of biochar and commercial coal with a generated power, in both cases, close to 35 mW/cm^2^.
In the same field, Ali et al. \[[@B261-materials-13-00261]\] used titanate-based anodes in a direct carbon fuel cell by using biochar from pyrolyzed walnut and almond shells as fuel. The authors claimed a generated power of up to 78 mW/cm^−2^. Elleuch et al. \[[@B262-materials-13-00261]\]---in similar conditions without the titanate-based anodes---reached a power of up to 127 mW/cm^2^.
Another appealing use of biochar is the realization of electrodes for microbial fuel cells, as reported by Huggins et al. \[[@B263-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors used wood-based biochars as microbial fuel cell electrodes to significantly reduce costs and carbon footprints, showing a generated power of 532 ± 18 mW/m^2^, with power cost of power output cost 17 \$/W. This was 90% cheaper than graphene-based fuel cell electrodes, which have a cost of up to 402 \$/W. Further improvements were achieved by using a manganese oxide-doped biochar, thus improving the power output by up to 606 mW/m^2^ \[[@B264-materials-13-00261]\]. Khudzari et al. \[[@B265-materials-13-00261]\] developed a granular biochar anode in rice plant microbial fuel cells that were focused on the production of bioelectricity; the authors showed the beneficial effect of biochar on reducing methane emissions without decreasing plant biomass yield.
Biochar was also used for the production of performing cathode electrodes. Li et al. \[[@B266-materials-13-00261]\] produced biochar from the pyrolysis of corncob (with the temperature ranging from the torrefaction range up to 750 °C) that was used as an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst in air cathode microbial fuel cells; here, the biochar produced at 650 °C showed higher power outputs of up to 459 mW/m^2^. Similarly, Yuan et al. \[[@B267-materials-13-00261]\] used a sewage sludge biochar produced at 900 °C to reach power outputs of up to 500 ± 17 mW/m^2^.
Apart from the electrodes, Chakraborty et al. \[[@B268-materials-13-00261]\] developed a novel, low-cost proton exchange membrane that used sulfonated biochar that was produced from rotten food that had been pyrolyzed at 600 °C for application in microbial fuel cells. This study proved the high performances of the membrane, with a proton conductivity of 0.07 S/cm, an ion transport number of 0.891, and an oxygen diffusion coefficient pf 6.5 × 10^−9^ m^2^/s. Comparing proton conductivity and power harvested per unit, the biochar-based membrane outperformed those based on materials such as Nafion.
3.3. Biochar-Based Composites Production and Properties {#sec3dot3-materials-13-00261}
-------------------------------------------------------
Nowadays, composite materials represent one of the largest global markets, with an expected future development of up to 131 billion dollars in 2024, as shown in [Figure 6](#materials-13-00261-f006){ref-type="fig"}.
Carbon-based composites represent one of the most relevant parts of global markets, with an annual production of about 150 kton/y in 2018 \[[@B270-materials-13-00261]\]. As shown in [Figure 7](#materials-13-00261-f007){ref-type="fig"}, around 70% of total carbon-based composites are represented by polymeric host materials, with 49.1% being thermoset and 29.5% being thermoplastic polymers. Among them, carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resins represent a greater amount due to their many applications in key high-tech sectors such as aeronautics and aerospace industries \[[@B271-materials-13-00261]\]. Carbon-containing inorganic composites are mainly represented by ceramics \[[@B272-materials-13-00261]\] and cements \[[@B273-materials-13-00261]\], but their total production is far lower than polymers. In this scenario, biochar plays a minor role, even if its use is going to be consolidated due to production flexibility and its property tuneability \[[@B274-materials-13-00261]\].
### 3.3.1. Biochar--Inorganic-Based Composites {#sec3dot3dot1-materials-13-00261}
Cement production is a one of the largest productions in the world, with more than 3 Gton/y produced in 2018 \[[@B275-materials-13-00261]\]. Along history, many additives have been developed to enhance both the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based material \[[@B276-materials-13-00261]\], ranging from polymers \[[@B277-materials-13-00261]\] to carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes \[[@B278-materials-13-00261]\], graphene \[[@B279-materials-13-00261]\] and carbon fibers \[[@B280-materials-13-00261]\]. Biochar has also been extensively studied, even if it has not yet reached the market.
Cosentino et al. \[[@B281-materials-13-00261]\] evaluated the performance of a standardized biochar set that was produced by UK Biochar Research Center \[[@B282-materials-13-00261]\], considering flexural strength and fracture energy. The authors reported inferior performances compared to those achieved by previous studies \[[@B283-materials-13-00261]\]. Nonetheless, they reported a comprehensive study about the influence of a solid set of biochar properties (e.g., carbon content, pyrolysis temperature, and particle size) on the mechanical properties of biochar-containing cement composites. A further insight into biochar-based cement composites was reported by Gupta et al. \[[@B284-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors reported an exhaustive study on the influence of biochar particle size and surface morphology on the rheology, strength and permeability of cement mortar under both moist and dry curing conditions. The authors showed the primary effect of biochar macroporosity of big sized particles (diameters ranging from 2 to 100 µm) on the rheological properties of cement mortar. Biochar particle size did not affect the hydration process, which was fast in all experiments run. Small sized particles (diameters below 2 µm) improved early strength and water tightness compared to big size macroporous biochar particles. Mo et al. \[[@B285-materials-13-00261]\] combined biochar and MgO to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage of cement materials, and similar results were achieved by Muthukrishnan et al. \[[@B286-materials-13-00261]\] by simply using low-ash pyrolyzed rice husks. Gupta et al. \[[@B287-materials-13-00261]\] explored the addition of pre-soaked biochar particles that were produced at 500 °C, and they showed a reduction of sorptivity and a depth of water penetration of up to 60%. Another interesting matrix that is able to host biochar is concrete. Concrete is more complex compared to neat cement, and it also contains inert material such as the sand of fine milled stones. The content of cement is highly variable and could partially or totally be replaced by biochar, as reported by Dixit et al. \[[@B288-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors described the use of biochar as a material for cement replacement in ultra-high performance concrete. The authors firstly described the biochar--concrete interphase interactions by using scanning electron microscopy to enlighten the deposition of cement hydrates on the surface and inside the surface pores of biochar, with dense interfacial transition zone, further suggesting the efficacy of biochar for improving hydration.
Gupta et al. \[[@B289-materials-13-00261]\] also proved that the addition of biochar that had been pyrolyzed at 550 °C improved concrete elevated temperature properties far better than fume silica, with a strength increment of up to 20%. Biochar concrete composites showed interesting properties for the sound adsorption across the range of 200--2000 Hz, as reported by several research papers \[[@B290-materials-13-00261],[@B291-materials-13-00261]\]. One of the most promising discoveries was comprised of the outputs presented by Kua et al. \[[@B292-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors described the use of biochar-immobilized bacteria mixed with poly(vinylalcohol) fibers for the production of a self-healing fiber-reinforced concrete. The authors claimed the ability of self-repairing cracks greater than 600 µm.
Cement and concrete are not the only inorganic matrixes that have been used to host biochar. Mu et al. \[[@B293-materials-13-00261]\] deeply described the use of carbon-containing clay composites as building materials. In this field, biochar has found many applications in construction science. Lee et al. \[[@B294-materials-13-00261]\] produced a hybrid material based on biochar and natural clay used as building envelope insulation with an increment to water vapor resistance due to the presence of up to 23 wt.% of biochar. The mechanical properties of biochar-based clay composites were described by Yang et al. \[[@B295-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors tested biochar that had been produced from several biomasses (e.g., rice husk, coconut shell, and bamboo) and showed an improvement in thermal performance and strength from a 10 wt.% mixture of bamboo-derived biochar and red clays.
Dahal et al. \[[@B296-materials-13-00261]\] used biochar as a filler in glass--fiber composites and showed lower damping ratio, an elevated storage moduli of up to 4 GPa, and a higher stiffness for the 10 wt.% biochar composite, as compared to the neat glass fibers.
### 3.3.2. Biochar-Containing Reinforced Plastics {#sec3dot3dot2-materials-13-00261}
Carbonaceous-reinforced thermoset plastics are widely diffuse materials that incorporate a plethora of different matrixes \[[@B297-materials-13-00261],[@B298-materials-13-00261],[@B299-materials-13-00261]\]. An epoxy matrix is the most studied and the most used matrix worldwide. Consequently, the replacement for traditional carbon fillers with biochar has stimulated great interest. Khan et al. \[[@B300-materials-13-00261]\] studied the mechanical and di-electrical properties of high-temperature annealed maple biochar-based epoxy composites by using a filler concentration ranging from 0.5 to 20 wt.%. The authors claimed a magnification of all mechanical properties when using an annealed biochar load of up to 4 wt.% and similar dielectric properties of low-loaded carbon nanotubes resin when using 20 wt.% of biochar. Bartoli et al. \[[@B301-materials-13-00261]\] established the relationship between the surface morphology of biochar particles and related composite mechanical properties by using a biochar loading of 2 wt.%. The authors achieved a 40% increment of maximum elongation when using a rhizomatous grass biochar and doubled the Young's modulus when using a wheat straw-derived biochar. The authors advanced the hypothesis that a smooth surface can induce an improved mobility inside the epoxy matrix, while a highly porous surfaces could not. This was reflected in the different behaviors that were observed when using biochar that was produced in the same pyrolytic conditions as different feedstocks.
Pyrolytic temperature plays a crucial role in the interactions between epoxy resins and biochar particles. Giorcelli et al. \[[@B302-materials-13-00261]\] used a maple tree-derived biochar that was produced at 600 and 1000 °C, and they observed a maximum elongation improvement of up to five times compared with neat resin.
High temperature-treated biochar could be a solid choice for the production of conductive epoxy composites. Giorcelli et al. \[[@B303-materials-13-00261]\] reported that more graphitized biochar showed a strong DC electrical conductivity. This affected the ability of these materials to shield the microwave radiation with a comparable performance to multiwalled carbon nanotubes \[[@B304-materials-13-00261]\], even as thin films \[[@B305-materials-13-00261]\].
Furthermore, biochar from pyrolyzed, wasted cotton fibers could be recovered in a carbon fiber shape that showed the property enhancement of an epoxy resin host matrix \[[@B306-materials-13-00261],[@B307-materials-13-00261]\].
Regarding thermoplastic-reinforced plastics, polyolefins-based biochars are the most produced. Among them, biochar-containing polyethylene was studied by Arrigo et al. \[[@B308-materials-13-00261]\] by using a coffee-derived biochar. The authors reported that the rheological and thermal behavior of biochar composites showed a slowing down of the dynamics of the polymer host matrix due to the confinement of the polymer chains on the filler porous surface. Additionally, the well-embedded biochar particles improved the thermo-oxidative stability of the produced polyethylene composites. Zhang et al. \[[@B309-materials-13-00261]\] studied the influence of temperature on poplar biochar-based high density polyethylene composites. Interestingly, the microcrystalline structure of the polymer matrix was not affected by the presence of biochar. On the other hand, the mechanical properties showed an appreciable difference between neat and biochar-loaded polymers, with the latter showing an improved flexural strength and a decreased impact strength. Li et al. \[[@B310-materials-13-00261]\] studied the behavior of highly biochar-loaded, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The authors realized a performing electromagnetic interference shielding material by using 80 wt.% of bamboo biochar that was pyrolyzed at 1100 °C and reached a conductivity of 107.6 S/m. Furthermore, Bajwa et al. \[[@B311-materials-13-00261]\] reported the utilization of biochar for the production of a high density polyethylene/poly(lactic acid)/wood flour composites with super thermal stability properties.
Poly(propylene) is the other widely studied polyolefin for the realization of biochar-based composites. Das et al. \[[@B312-materials-13-00261]\] proved the economic feasibility of the use of biochar over traditional carbon fillers. The authors showed the cost reduction of biochar-based composites with the same properties of non-biochar-based ones due to the reduction of compatibilizer amounts of up to 3 wt.%, with 18 wt. % of saving. The low cost of biochar was the key of the study of Behazin et al. \[[@B313-materials-13-00261]\], where the authors used a pyrolyzed perennial for the realization of a poly(propylene)/poly(octene-ethylene) composite with filler loadings of 10 and 20 wt.%; they showed, through rheological analysis, stronger interactions between the polymer matrix and biochar. A detailed study of poly(propylene) and biochar interaction was reported by Bhattacharyya and co-workers in several papers \[[@B314-materials-13-00261],[@B315-materials-13-00261],[@B316-materials-13-00261]\]. During this research, the authors proved the general improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of biochar-based poly(propylene) composites together with a significant effect in flame retardancy. Furthermore, Das et al. \[[@B317-materials-13-00261]\] produced biochar-based wood polymer composites while manufacturing a biocomposite with appreciable properties. Similarly, Poulose et al. \[[@B318-materials-13-00261]\] combined date palm biochar with a poly(propylene) matrix and revealed that the biochar had negligible effect on the storage modulus up to a 15 wt.% loading. Other widely used polyolefin matrix used for the realization of piezo sensors are poly(vinyl alcohol) \[[@B319-materials-13-00261],[@B320-materials-13-00261]\] and poly(acrylonitrile) \[[@B321-materials-13-00261]\].
Furthermore, polyesters were impregnated with biochar in a study by Ogunsona et al. \[[@B322-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors filled nylon 6 with biochar produced from the pyrolysis of *Miscanthus* at 500 and 900 °C, and they showed the beneficial effect of the high temperature-produced biochar and the detrimental effect of the other. Sheng et al. \[[@B323-materials-13-00261]\] modified bamboo biochars with silyl groups for the production of poly(lactic acid) composites, showing an enhancement of maximum elongation of up to 93% compared to a neat polymer.
Recently, biochar has been used for the production of biopolymer (i.e., starch \[[@B324-materials-13-00261]\] and gluten \[[@B325-materials-13-00261]\]) composites, thus fulfilling the vision of total bio and sustainable production.
3.4. Other Uses of Biochar {#sec3dot4-materials-13-00261}
--------------------------
Biochar has found plenty of applications in all the field that are traditionally occupied by carbonaceous materials such as solid fuel \[[@B326-materials-13-00261],[@B327-materials-13-00261]\]. The catalysis has seen the risen of biochar in the last few years \[[@B328-materials-13-00261]\], with application in many processes. Lee et al. \[[@B329-materials-13-00261]\] developed porous catalysts from pine and maize biochar that were produced at torrefaction temperatures ranging from 300 to 380 °C for biodiesel synthesis through a pseudo-catalytic transesterification. Li et al. \[[@B330-materials-13-00261]\] produced biochar from hydrolyze-mixed textile waste in the temperature range of 400--700 °C, and they used it as catalyst for succinic acid production in a fibrous bed bioreactor with a yield of 8 wt.%. The amount of surface acidic groups represent a key properties for biochar catalytic activity \[[@B331-materials-13-00261]\]. Kastner et al. \[[@B332-materials-13-00261]\] used a solid acid biochar as heterogenous catalyst for the esterification of fatty acids. Biochar produced at 500 °C was tailored with sulfonic groups to reach conversion values close to 99%. Zhong et al. \[[@B333-materials-13-00261]\] further tailored sulfonic-decorated biohchar with alkyl groups, and they produced a highly active catalyst for biofuel production and for transesterification reactions \[[@B334-materials-13-00261]\].
Vidal et al. \[[@B335-materials-13-00261]\] developed an amino-siloxy-oxidized biochar that was able to promote the conversion of epoxy compounds and CO~2~ into glycerol carbonate.
Areeprasert et al. \[[@B336-materials-13-00261]\] introduced iron particles onto a biochar surface to perform catalytic reforming processes of waste electronic and electric equipment, reaching a liquid yield of up to 68 wt.%.
Furthermore, biochar could be efficiently used in redox-mediated reactions \[[@B337-materials-13-00261]\]. Cao et al. \[[@B338-materials-13-00261]\] proposed a very promising route to convert iron-enriched plant residue by using an electro-active biochar-based catalyst. The authors pyrolyzed a metal hyperaccumulator water plant and produced a biochar that contained 28 mg/g of iron. They tested the biochar that was produced in the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygenated water by using cyclic voltammetry, and they found a reduction current of up to 1.82 mA/cm^2^.
Biochar could also be used for the production of electrochemical measurement devices \[[@B339-materials-13-00261],[@B340-materials-13-00261]\]. Ziegler et al. \[[@B341-materials-13-00261]\] use mixed softwoods that were pyrolyzed at 700 °C with a drop-casting technique for the preparation of a room temperature-relative humidity sensor. The authors clearly showed the onset of the response, with a relative humidity of 5% varying the impedance of two orders of magnitude when humidity reached 100%. Similarly, Jagdale et al. \[[@B342-materials-13-00261]\] used spent coffee grounds to realize a relative humidity sensor with a starting response at 20% humidity. Further studies showed the use of biochar-based materials for the detection of ions (i.e., lead \[[@B343-materials-13-00261]\], copper \[[@B344-materials-13-00261]\], and zinc \[[@B345-materials-13-00261]\]) at concentrations of nmol/L and for organic materials in mmol/L concentrations \[[@B346-materials-13-00261],[@B347-materials-13-00261]\]. Several authors have described the use of biochar-derived materials for biosensing. Kalinke et al. \[[@B348-materials-13-00261]\] pyrolyzed nitric acid-treated castor oil cake at 400 °C and tailored it with Ni(OH)~2~/NiOOH for the realization of non-enzymatic glucose electrode. Alternatively, Martins et al. \[[@B349-materials-13-00261]\] developed an immunoassay for hantavirus detection that was based on a biochar platform with a range of work from 5 ng/mL to 1.0 µg/mL.
Biochar has also been used in biological procedures. Huang et al. \[[@B350-materials-13-00261]\] pyrolyzed rosin waste and tailored it with silver nanoparticles for anti-bacterial use. The use of biochar as additive in bioprocesses was reported by Bock et al. \[[@B351-materials-13-00261]\]. The authors used biochars to stabilize digestors because they control ammonia formation. Duan et al. \[[@B352-materials-13-00261]\] use biochar to improve short chain fatty acid algae anaerobic fermentation, and they doubled the amount of biomass production after four days.
4. Conclusions {#sec4-materials-13-00261}
==============
In this review, we have presented an updated overview of non-soil applications of biochar with a focus on more useful and unusual ones. We reported many studies on the adsorbitive capacity of ions and organic molecules, together with their biochar electrochemical properties. These properties are particularly relevant in the future perspective of clean energy production and storage. We also described, in detail, the possibility of using biochars as sound replacements for traditional fillers in both inorganic and organic composites materials. This evidence has shown the feasibility of the biochars used in a lot of sectors as solid alternatives to traditional and next-generation materials. The polyhedral nature of biochar represents a very strong advantage for spread the biochar use across material science field.
We hope that this summary of recent literature can lead to the foundation of new research which will exploit the great potential of biochar and biochar based materials.
Conceptualization, M.B. and A.T.; writing---original draft preparation, M.B.; writing---review and editing, M.G., P.J., M.R., A.T.; visualization, M.B.; supervision, A.T.; project administration, A.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
This research received no external funding.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
![Van Krevelen diagram of corn stalk and corn stalk components during the thermochemical conversion process as reported by Gaojin et al. \[[@B50-materials-13-00261]\].](materials-13-00261-g001){#materials-13-00261-f001}
![Mechanism of heavy metal adsorption onto neat biochar surface, as illustrated by Li et al. \[[@B82-materials-13-00261]\].](materials-13-00261-g002){#materials-13-00261-f002}
![Schematic interactions occurring between organic molecules and biochar particles, as reported by Dai et al. \[[@B144-materials-13-00261]\].](materials-13-00261-g003){#materials-13-00261-f003}
{#materials-13-00261-f004}
######
Schematic representation of (**a**) battery (Daniell cell), (**b**) a supercapacitor, and (**c**) a hydrogen fuel cell as reported by Winter et al. \[[@B219-materials-13-00261]\].
![Composite material global market revenue, with a prediction for 2024 as reported by Grand Vie Research Center \[[@B269-materials-13-00261]\].](materials-13-00261-g006){#materials-13-00261-f006}
![World carbon-based composite production in 2018, according to Sauer et al. \[[@B270-materials-13-00261]\].](materials-13-00261-g007){#materials-13-00261-f007}
| 2024-02-13T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6061 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
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package org.apache.ambari.server.api;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.ambari.server.security.authentication.jwt.JwtAuthenticationProperties;
import org.apache.ambari.server.security.authentication.jwt.JwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
import org.eclipse.jetty.http.MimeTypes;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ErrorHandler;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.name.Named;
/**
* Custom error handler for Jetty to return response as JSON instead of stub http page
*/
public class AmbariErrorHandler extends ErrorHandler {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AmbariErrorHandler.class);
private final Gson gson;
private JwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider jwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider;
@Inject
public AmbariErrorHandler(@Named("prettyGson") Gson prettyGson, JwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider jwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider) {
this.gson = prettyGson;
this.jwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider = jwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider;
}
@Override
public void handle(String target, Request baseRequest, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
HttpChannel connection = HttpConnection.getCurrentConnection().getHttpChannel();
connection.getRequest().setHandled(true);
response.setContentType(MimeTypes.Type.TEXT_PLAIN.asString());
Map<String, Object> errorMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
int code = connection.getResponse().getStatus();
errorMap.put("status", code);
String message = connection.getResponse().getReason();
if (message == null) {
message = HttpStatus.getMessage(code);
}
errorMap.put("message", message);
if ((code == HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN) || (code == HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED)) {
//if SSO is configured we should provide info about it in case of access error
JwtAuthenticationProperties jwtProperties = jwtAuthenticationPropertiesProvider.get();
if ((jwtProperties != null) && jwtProperties.isEnabledForAmbari()) {
String providerUrl = jwtProperties.getAuthenticationProviderUrl();
String originalUrl = jwtProperties.getOriginalUrlQueryParam();
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(providerUrl)) {
LOG.warn("The SSO provider URL is not available, forwarding to the SSO provider is not possible");
} else if (StringUtils.isEmpty(originalUrl)) {
LOG.warn("The original URL parameter name is not available, forwarding to the SSO provider is not possible");
} else {
errorMap.put("jwtProviderUrl", String.format("%s?%s=", providerUrl, originalUrl));
}
}
}
gson.toJson(errorMap, response.getWriter());
}
}
| 2024-04-05T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9551 |
Fall 2003/Spring 2004 - Editor's Welcome
Welcome to the Fall 2003/Spring 2004 issues of Computers and Composition Online, a celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the print version of Computers and Composition: An International Journal. Both the print and electronic version of the journal have undergone a number of changes over the years, but what is constant is the emphasis on making the journal a working space for new and established voices to theorize and apply the role of new and emerging media and digital tools upon the teaching of writing, in ways that lead to innovative pedagogy and complex theory-building about the shifting paradigms of literacy. Our Fall 2003 and Spring 2004 issues are no different. Theory into Practice features Anthony Ellerston and Margaret Graham's "In the Cyberhood: Using Global Technologies for Local Purposes," examines implications of materials changes in Internet technologies available to educators and the powerful role applications such as Macromedia Flash can play in the first-year writing program.
Our current issue includes Michael Cripp's "#FFFFFF, #000000, & #808080: Hypertext Theory and WebDev in the Composition Classroom," an exploration of what it means to teach students to compose in hypermedia environments, and Kara Poe Alexander's innovative video "Literacy Practices and Literacy Events of a 21st Century American Child," a case study of the range of texts, contexts, and technologies that impact early literacy acquisition. Complementing these pieces is Ellen Cushman's multimedia composition "Toward a Rhetoric of New Media: Composing (me)dia," a theoretically and technologically rich blend of cultural, postmodern, and multimedia rhetorics.
In the Virtual Classroom section, our Fall 2003 section features Michael Kapper's "Mixing Media: Textual, Oral, and Visual Literacies (and then some) in Teaching PowerPoint," a discussion of the multiple literacies that emerge when teaching multimodal presentation software, and Lauren Yena and Zachary Waggoner question the role of online collaboration in fostering productive disagreement, using student feedback and online intereactions from two online writing courses in "One Size Fits All?: Student Perspectives on Face-to-Face and Online Writing Pedagogies." Similarly, in our Spring 2004 features, Lennie Irvin's "Reflection in the Electronic Writing Classroom," addresses the potential of electronic pedagogies and more public audiences to foster such student self-reflection. Finally for Spring 2004, Laurie Taylor and Brendan Riley's timely "Open Source and Academia" explores the potential of shared standards and common use to provide new spaces for collaborative knowledge making pedagogies.
The value of such contributions is not only in their ability to foster further awareness of the need for more research and experimentation in electronic writing environments, but also in their ability to do so in a web-based format, adding to the growing body of digital scholarship in our field. An important contribution to this conversation in our 2003 Professional Development section includes our Bowling Green colleague Jude Edminster and her innovative work on electronic theses and dissertations, including her white paper "Resistance to ETDs in Academe: Diffusion of Innovation," as well as a link to her own electronic dissertation, an audio interview, and a range of resources about the history and best practices of ETD theory and application. And Christine Tulley's 2004 Advanced Web Writing Class review of James Gee's recent book on video games and literacy suggests, technology plays an significant role in the professional development of undergraduate writers as they learn to collaborate virtually and reflect on the process in a chat session.
In addition to ou 2003/2004 Reviews section with Steve Krause's review of Todd Oppenheimer's The Flickering Mind: The False Promise of Technology in the Classroom, Joe Wilferth's review of the recent award winner Teaching Writing with Computers: An Introduction and Paul Cesarini's review of the OpenCD, Print to Screen features a series of position statements about the role Computers and Composition has played in the professional lives of some of its current and former editors, including Cindy Selfe and Gail Hawisher, Kate Kiefer, and 20th anniversary guest editors Danielle DeVoss and Heidi McKee. Finally, a special Print to Screen feature for 2004 includes Barclay Barrios's "Grading the writing program web site: Assessing some assessments," a companion piece to his print article in the double anniversary issue of Computers and Composition.
Ultimately, what makes these issues reflective of the communal nature of the computers and composition community is the ability to welcome and support new and existing voices in the field and to work together to produce new perspectives in new formats about the continuing impact of technology on the teaching of writing. Some new additions to the journal include our blog, which we hope you will contribute to, and we hope you will also consider sending us your work and your calls for papers as we continue to establish our virtual presence here in Bowling Green. | 2023-12-17T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6187 |
---
author:
- 'S. Salmon[^1]'
- 'J. Montalbán'
- 'A. Miglio'
- 'M-A. Dupret'
- 'T. Morel'
- 'A. Noels'
title: 'Can an underestimation of opacity explain B-type pulsators in the SMC?'
---
Introduction
============
The Small Magellanic Cloud is a dwarf galaxy satellite of our galaxy, that presents very low metallicity: $Z\approx0.001-0.004$ (Buchler 2008). Recent theoretical study (Miglio et al. 2007a) employing the updated solar chemical mixture AGS05 (Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval 2005) find that at Z= 0.005, no excitation of $\beta$ Cep modes and a few excited SPB modes in B stars are expected. Therefore SPBs are expected to be rare while $\beta$ Cep are thought to be absent in the SMC. However, recent detections of B-type pulsator candidates in the SMC (e.g. Karoff et al. 2008; Diago et al. 2008; Sarro et al. 2009) are now challenging our understanding of the main-sequence B-type pulsators.
In a previous work (Salmon et al. 2009), we tried to explain the existence of these B-type pulsators in the SMC by considering a chemical mixture representative of the SMC B stars. From a synthesis of the literature, we derived it and employed it to compute new theoretical models. Our results indicated that the minimal values of Z to obtain excitation respectively of SPB and $\beta$ Cep are both over the mean Z value of SMC B stars, even when the maximal error box value is taken into account. We foresee another possibility to reconcile observation and theory. The mechanism of excitation in $\beta$ Cep remained for long unknown: Simon (1982) suggested that a revision of opacity values for heavy elements by a factor 2 or 3 could explain excitation in $\beta$ Cep stars that was unexplained at that time. Several years later, new computations of opacity by OPAL group (Rogers & Iglesias 1992) led to an increase by a factor 3 of the opacity due to iron-group elements, hence resolving B-type pulsators problem. More recently, an underestimation of current stellar opacity values has already been invoked to solve other remaining problems such as the excitation of low and high frequencies in galactic $\beta$ Cep pulsators, the discrepancy between the solar model with the updated solar mixture and helioseismic data and the modeling of the slowly-rotating $\delta$-Scuti 44 tau (for a review, see Montalbán & Miglio 2008). These studies raise the following question: is stellar opacity still underestimated nowadays? In this work we estimate by which factor the opacity should be increased to excite pulsations in SMC B stars. We proceed by modifying the opacity values used in the theoretical computations.
We briefly recall our previous results in Section 1. In Section 2, we explain the way we proceed to modify the opacity in our models. We then present the results of our non-adiabatical computations in Section 3 and the consequence of an increase of the opacity on the excitation of B-type pulsators.
Effect of the chemical mixture
==============================
Motivated by the apparent inconsistency between observation and theory for B-type pulsators in the SMC, we analyzed the effect of considering a chemical mixture representative of SMC B stars (Salmon et al. 2009). After a careful and critical review of the literature of SMC age-metallicity relation on the one hand and of chemical abundances determination of young objects (B stars and cool supergiants) on the other hand, we determined two main features for young SMC objects:\
{height=".25\textheight"} {height=".25\textheight"}
- one expects \[Fe/H\]=-0.5$\pm$0.2 with respect to AGS05 solar chemical mixture for the youngest stars of the SMC (Carrera et al. 2008 and ref. therein) due to their age and localization: the SMC B stars benefit from the largest chemical enrichment among all the stars of the galaxy.
- the chemical mixture representative of the SMC B stars (see Salmon et al. 2009), implying Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$=0.0024$\pm$0.0006 with \[Fe/H\]=-0.7$\pm$0.2. The iron content we derived is in agreement with the one based on age-metallicity relations previously quoted.
We thus computed models with the stellar evolutionary code CLES (Code Liégeois d’Evolution Stellaire; Scufflaire et al. 2008), using OP opacities determined for the SMC B stars chemical mixture. The non-adiabatical analysis was performed with the MAD code (Dupret 2001).
For models with masses ranging from 2.5 to 16 M$_{\odot}$, we did not obtain excited modes for Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$. Moreover, we did the same analysis on models of 4 and 12 M$_{\odot}$, respectively representative of SPB and $\beta$ Cep stars, for different values of Z. The results led to the conclusion that Z should be greater than 0.004 (corresponding to \[Fe/H\]$\sim$-0.45) to obtain excited SPB-type modes and greater than or equal to 0.007 (\[Fe/H\]$\sim$-0.2) to obtain excited $\beta$ Cep-type modes.
Parametric increase of the opacity
==================================
As we cannot explain the existence of $\beta$ Cep pulsators (SPB being marginally compatible) in the SMC employing Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$ and a representative chemical mixture in our models, the following question follows: is the stellar opacity underestimated? Recent studies explored the effect of increasing opacity by enhancing the iron abundance in stellar models (see Ausseloos et al. 2004; Pamyatnykh, Handler & Dziembowski 2004; Miglio et al. 2007b). In the same idea we proceed to an *ad hoc* and local change in the opacity used in our models, in order to estimate which enhancement of the opacity could lead to excitation of SPB- and $\beta$ Cep-type modes at Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$. Our way of proceeding allows us to emphasize directly the consequences of a modification in the employed fundamental physics.
Iron is the element mainly contributing ($\approx 67 \%$) to the peak of opacity in the layers with $T\approx 200,000$ K, responsible for excitation in B stars. Thus we decided to consider an increase of the opacity which would be due to an underestimation of the iron contribution. We proceed by modifying the opacity (OP one, calculated for the SMC B stars mixture) as follows: $$\kappa'(T)=\kappa(T) \times \left\{1+A\ \exp \left[ -\left(\frac{T-T_{\textrm{{\tiny Fe}}}}{2\sigma_{\textrm{{\tiny Fe}}}}\right)^2\right]\right\}$$ where $\kappa$ is the Rosseland mean opacity and $T_{Fe}\ \textrm{and}\ \sigma_{Fe}$ are respectively equal to $5.30$ and $0.5$. These values have been chosen to match accurately the contribution of iron to the opacity in the area of $T\approx200,000 K$. The factor of increase, $A$, has been set to different values, namely 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50 and 1. The modified opacities are represented in Fig. \[fig1\] (left panel). The modified iron peak opacity value is equivalent to a case between $Z$=0.004 and $Z$=0.005 for unchanged opacities, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (right panel). However the modified profile has a different slope in the iron bump area than in the case of unchanged profiles, this slope impacting on the damping of modes. The excitation depends not only on the value of opacity near $\log T$=5.3 but also on its change with $T$.
{height=".25\textheight"}{height=".25\textheight"}
Stability analysis for models with modified opacity
===================================================
We calculate models of 4 and 12 M$_{\odot}$, using the opacities which we modified for the different factors of increase $A$ and $Z$=0.0024, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005 and $0.01$. In Fig. \[fig3\], we present in a HR diagram the main sequence evolutionary tracks of models for masses between 2.5 and 16 M$_{\odot}$, adopting unchanged opacity. On the same figure are represented the 4 and 12 M$_{\odot}$ models at Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$ computed with the different increased opacities. For both masses, the position of main sequence tracks in the HR diagram is not considerably affected.
![Evolutionary tracks for non-modified and modified opacity models in the HR diagram. Indicative instability strips of SPB and $\beta$ Cep-type pulsations are obtained from models computed with $Z$=0.01 and $\kappa \times 1$.[]{data-label="fig3"}](fig3){height=".32\textheight"}
Results of the non-adiabatic calculations are shown for the 4 and 12 $M_{\odot}$ models at Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$ in the left and right panels of Fig. \[fig2\] respectively. It appears that SPB modes are excited for an opacity multiplied by 2 ($A$=1), while no $\beta$ Cep modes are excited for the factors of increase $A$ we used. In Fig. 4 (left panel), one remarks that excited g modes are found at the end of the evolution on the main sequence for the SPB model in which the iron peak is increased by a factor 2. Excited frequencies of the $4M_{\odot}$ model at Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$ and for an increase $A$=1 are compared to the observational frequencies of the detected SMC SPBs in Fig. 4 (right panel).
---------- ----------------- --------- ------------------ ---------
M=4 M$_{\odot}$ M=12 M$_{\odot}$
g modes p modes g modes p modes
Z=0.0024 1 / / /
Z=0.003 0.50 / / /
Z=0.004 0.10 / / /
Z=0.005 0 / 1 1
Z=0.01 0 / 0 0
---------- ----------------- --------- ------------------ ---------
: Value of the increasing factor $A$ necessary to obtain excitation of p or g modes is reported for the different combinations of model parameters ($Z$ and $M$).[]{data-label="table1"}
{height=".3\textheight"} {height=".275\textheight"}
Finally, we report in Table \[table1\] the minimal factor of increase $A$ that excites p or g mode in the 4 or 12 M$_{\odot}$ models for the metallicities we considered. We find excited g modes in the case $Z$=0.0024, $M$=4 M$_{\odot}$ and $A$=1. When considering $Z$=0.003 (upper limit within the 1-$\sigma$ error box of the Z of the SMC B stars), g modes are excited in the 4 M$_{\odot}$ model for $A$=0.50. A slight increase (10%) of the opacity at $Z$=0.004 excites g modes in the 4 $M_{\odot}$ model. Excited p modes are only found in the $\beta$ Cep model (12 M$_{\odot}$), appearing at $Z$=0.005 for a factor 2 ($A$=1) of increase in the opacity. For the same conditions, excited high-order g modes are also obtained.
Under the gaussian profile assumption that we have made to modify the opacity profile, one remarks that increasing the opacity in the iron peak does not change the intrinsic nature of modes excited in our models: SPB and $\beta$ Cep representative models remain of the same nature. In the 12 M$_{\odot}$ model at $Z$=0.005 and $A$=1 as excited low order p modes appear, so do high order g modes. From an observational point of view, considering opacities as underestimated by more than 50%, SPB modes should be detected in SMC B stars with Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$=0.0024 (\[Fe/H\]=-0.7) while $\beta$ Cep modes should be observed in the stars with $Z$=0.005 (\[Fe/H\]=-0.35), i.e. a metallicity within 5-$\sigma$ error box on Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$.
Conclusion
==========
We have investigated the effect on the excitation of modes in SMC B stars of an underestimation of stellar opacity values in the peak due to iron. We proceed by multiplying the opacity used in our model computations by a gaussian profile centered on the temperature where contribution of iron to opacity is maximum, i.e. $\log T$=5.3. The results indicate that at the metallicity of the SMC B stars, Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$=0.0024, SPB modes could be excited for an augmentation greater than 50% of the opacity. No $\beta$ Cep modes are excited at Z$_{\textrm{{\tiny SMC}}}$ for an increase from 5% to 100% of the opacity. Nevertheless, $\beta$ Cep modes are found excited for an increase greater than 50% but at $Z$=0.005, that is 5-$\sigma_{{\tiny Z}}$ ($\sigma_{{\tiny Z}}$=0.0006) away from the metallicity we derived for SMC B stars. These values of increase must be taken with care since they are obtained for opacity modified according to an *ad hoc* defined mathematical function that determines the slope of the opacity profile. The impact of the choice of mathematical function and its consequence on the pulsation driving efficiency will be refined in the future. The stellar depth where stands the opacity peak also plays a role both on the damping of modes and on the excited frequencies spectrum in B stars. Other elements of the iron-group (Ni, Cr and Mn), contribute to that bump in the opacity at slightly different temperatures affecting position of the opacity peak. If we suppose an underestimation of the iron opacity, it would be reasonable to consider the same for the other iron-group elements opacity. Thus we will take them into account in the next step of our theoretical modeling of SMC B stars.
Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A.J.: 1995, ASPC 335, 25 Ausseloos, M., Scuflaire, R., Thoul, A., Aerts, C.: 2004, MNRAS 355, 352 Badnell, N.R., Bautista, M.A., Butler, K., et al.: 2005, MNRAS 360, 458 Diago, P.D., Guttiérrez-Soto, J., Fabregat, J., Martayan, C.: 2008, A&A 480, 179 Dupret, M.-A.: 2001, A&A 366, 166 Rogers, F.J., Iglesias, C.A.: 1992, ApJS, 79, 507 Karoff, C., Arentoft, T., Glowienka, L., et al.: 2008, MNRAS 386, 1085 Miglio, A., Montalbán, J., Dupret, M.-A.: 2007a, CoAst 151, 48 Miglio, A., Bourge, P.-O., Montalbán, J., Dupret, M.-A.: 2007b, CoAst, 150, 2009 Montalbán, J., Miglio, A.: 2008, CoAst, 157, 160 Pamyatnykh, A. A.; Handler, G.; Dziembowski, W. A.: 2004, MNRAS 350, 1022 Salmon, S., Montalbán, J., Miglio, A., Dupret, M.-A., Morel, T., Noels, A.: 2009, AIPC 1170 Sarro, L.M., Debosscher, J., López, M., Aerts, C.: 2009, A&A 494, 739 Scuflaire,R.,Théado, S., Montalbán, J., et al.: 2008, Ap&SS 316,84 Simon, N.R.: 1982, ApJ, 260, L87
[^1]: Corresponding author:
| 2023-12-02T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1091 |
Q:
CUDA, Copying to shared memory increases number of registers used dramatically
I am having an issue with kernel launch failure because too many resources are requested. I understand the error and that I can reduce my block size to avoid it but I am trying to get around that.
I am working with a Nvidia Tesla K40c GPU.
I am using pycuda to solve a system of PDEs. So, my goal is to do some local computation with each thread and then write into a shared memory array. I am fairly new to GPU computing but what I do know of the problem at hand is written below.
This issue has to do with the commented out line of code in the snip below. I know that shared memory is ideal for inter-thread communication in a block and my shared memory works correctly until I try to write into it from a local variable which I am assuming is stored in registers. I am assuming this because I read that arrays less than a particular size, 16 floats if I remember correctly, MAY be stored in registers. Mine are of size 4. This is the goal anyways to avoid storing in global.
__device__
void step(float *shared_state, int idx)
{
float dfdxy[NVC]={0};
get_dfdx(dfdxy,shared_state,idx);
get_dfdy(dfdxy,shared_state,idx);
__syncthreads();
//shared_state[idx+0*SGIDS] += dfdxy[0];
}
Here is the trace. As I mentioned, I am familiar with the error.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./src/sweep/sweep.py", line 325, in <module>
sweep(arr0,targs,order,block_size,euler.step,0)
File "./src/sweep/sweep.py", line 109, in sweep
gpu_speed(arr, source_mod, cpu_fcn, block_size,ops,num_tries=20)
File "./src/sweep/sweep.py", line 175, in gpu_speed
gpu_fcn(arr_gpu,grid=grid_size, block=block_size,shared=shared_size)
File "/home/walkanth/.conda/envs/pysweep/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pycuda/driver.py", line 402, in function_call
func._launch_kernel(grid, block, arg_buf, shared, None)
pycuda._driver.LaunchError: cuLaunchKernel failed: too many resources requested for launch
The issue is specifically this, when I run the code with the line commented. It says that I am using 32 registers. This is good, everything works because I am below the limit of 63.
However, when I uncomment the line, the number of registers used jumps up to 70 and I suspect this is why the kernel launch fails.
So, a couple questions.
First, can anyone explain why this is happening? I have been searching for sometime and have fallen short.
Second, if there is not a way around this. Does anyone know of some tips to reduce my register usage aside from decreasing the block_size?
I have seen some older threads on nvidia dev talk about this but they seem to be pretty dated.
Edit:
So thanks to Michael on this post, I found out that the GPU I have actually has 255 registers per thread. So, the registers are not the problem. However, that makes me unsure of where the issue is coming from though.
I thought it also beneficial to include that I am not using any specific compiler options. I tried -ptxas at one point but it did not change much.
I don't want to reduce the blocksize block size because the number of calculations that I can make prior to needing outside information is dependent on the blocksize's minimum dimension (x or y). The larger the blocksize, the more calculations possible.
Edit:
So, to my understanding, I am still exceeding the total number of registers per SM which is cause for the issue. I need to reduce the registers used or the block size.
A:
The compiler is going to try to optimize the number of register instructions automatically; if you've written code that ultimately isn't storing information anywhere outside of a thread, then those instructions simply shouldn't be generated. That's probably why you're seeing a large change in the number of registers when you uncomment the line that writes to shared memory.
However, according to https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus, the K40c is compute capability 3.5, and according to https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html#compute-capabilities, devices that are compute capability 3.5 can have up to 255 registers per thread, not 63. Thus, if you still only use 70 registers per thread then this probably isn't the issue. This is confirmed if you no longer get the error by reducing the block size; a reduction in block size reduces the number of threads in the block but shouldn't alter how many registers are used per thread, so it shouldn't fix your problem if you were actually running out of registers per thread.
Without further knowledge of your compiler options, the rest of your kernel, and how you're launching it, we can't easily ascertain what the resource problem is. There are also limits on the number of registers per block and the number of registers per multiprocessor; if reducing the block size fixes the problem then it's probable that you're exceeding these thresholds... and need to reduce the block size. It's unclear why you don't want to reduce your block size, but it seems like you're just running up against a hardware limitation.
| 2024-07-21T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9140 |
continued The grant, federal money awarded through the state, was approved.
Thanks to the grant, the water project has no impact on the town budget or water rates. The Forge Hollow, Elk Inn Road and Stone Street area residents pay $280 a year for water, the same as other Moriah residents.
The extended water service will help the town as a whole, Scozzafava explained. The new water customers will pay a portion of the costs to operate the water filtration plant, which will lower that expense for others. The water service will also make that area available for construction, which would add to the town tax base.
“There’s a lot of vacant land in that area,” Scozzafava said. “With water available the area can be developed. I hope we’ll see some new homes built there.” | 2023-08-13T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2129 |
At the end of Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto's social media video touting the free trade breakthrough between the U.S. and Mexico, he held up three fingers saying what Mexico really wants is a deal "between Mexico, the U.S. and Canada, in which we all win."
That gesture echoed his comments Monday via speakerphone with U.S. President Donald Trump.
Trump clearly wanted to use the moment to isolate Canada. But Pena Nieto didn't; in fact, he kept insisting that it's time to bring Canada into the deal.
Was Mexico's leader living up to his commitment not to make a deal without Canada? Or was he trying to salve his guilty conscience, knowing he's already thrown Canada under the bus?
Perhaps it was a bit of both.
In the early days, the question seemed to be whether Canada would throw Mexico under the bus and make a bilateral deal with the U.S.
In February 2017, Mexico's Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray and its Secretary of Economy Ildefonso Guajardo visited Toronto and received reassurances Canada wanted to work with Mexico.
"NAFTA is a three-country agreement," Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland said. "Were there to be any new negotiations, those would be three-way negotiations."
Former prime minister Brian Mulroney chimed in on CBC News Network's Power & Politics: "Throwing friends and neighbours and allies under the bus is a position for a weak leader," he told then host Rosemary Barton. "This is not the Canadian tradition."
Ambiguous message
But the message was not always consistent. Trudeau often referred to Canada's desire for a three-way "win-win-win" deal, while also stressing his job was to protect Canada's interests. (Subtext: not Mexico's.)
The Mexicans picked up on the ambiguity. Mexico's former deputy foreign minister Andres Rozental wrote in the Globe and Mail that "Mexicans are also perplexed by some of the recent calls in Canada for 'dumping' Mexico from NAFTA and negotiating a bilateral deal with Washington. This is both short-sighted and a mistake."
Trudeau continued to walk that line.
What I don't think anybody expected was that right after having discussed the rules of origin for the cars, all of a sudden, we started negotiating bilaterally with the United States on everything else. - Mexico's former deputy foreign minister Andres Rozental
Former Mexican president Vicente Fox said Trudeau's messaging left the Mexican side unsure how much it could count on Canada.
Speaking to CBC Radio's The Current, he said Trudeau often spoke in favour of three-way deal, but "that was one day.
"The other day he had to defend Canadian interests. And that's OK. It's business, it's trading and you have to look for a good deal, you have to negotiate, you have to concede and look to get good things back from the other."
"At the very beginning Prime Minister [Justin] Trudeau said he would protect Canadian interests even if Mexico was not there. And at the end of the picture, it happened the opposite."
U.S. President Donald Trump agreed to a trade pact with Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto on Monday. (Evan Vucci/Associated Press)
In the early days of the Trump administration it was widely assumed Mexico would be the real target of the U.S.
"They're principally focused on countries that have large trade deficits with them," said Canada's ambassador to the U.S. David MacNaughton. "They haven't said anything specific about real problems they have with us."
Roles reversed
Trump's presidential campaign focused on Mexico and China as the trade villains stealing American jobs. Trump barely referred to Canada during the campaign, except to say "I love Canada" when asked whether he wanted a wall on the northern border.
Few foresaw how Canada's dairy industry would become Trump's poster child proving that NAFTA is "the worst deal ever," as the president likes to call it.
Nothing he said prepared his supporters for concluding a new free trade deal with Mexico, while leaving Canada on the sidelines — nothing has, really, been "concluded" with Mexico just yet, and Trump's base seems barely to have noticed the turnaround.
It is no secret to anyone involved in the talks that the Mexicans were keener to get something signed than the Canadians, not least because Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, a leftist, is set to become Mexico's next president.
Too good to refuse
Having worked up his base over Canada's dairy tariffs, Trump may have concluded it made sense to reach a deal with Mexico and use that as a hammer to hit Canada — so he offered Mexico a deal it couldn't refuse.
While current Mexican officials continue to express their hope that Canada will rejoin, Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray was blunt about his country's calculations.
Minister of Foreign Affairs Chrystia Freeland attends a trilateral meeting with Mexico's Secretary of Economy Ildefonso Guajardo Villarreal, left, and Ambassador Robert E. Lighthizer, United States Trade Representative, during NAFTA talks. (Sean Kilpatrick/Canadian Press)
"There are things that we don't control, particularly the political relationship between Canada and the U.S., and we definitely don't want to expose Mexico to the uncertainty of not having a deal. Not having a trade agreement with the U.S., that's a substantial risk to the Mexican economy. Literally millions of jobs in Mexico depend on access to the U.S. market."
Mexican regrets
Rozental, Mexico's former deputy foreign minister, told CBC Radio's As It Happens he regretted his country's rush to conclude a deal without Canada.
"I believe that the Canadian government has put a brave face on what in effect is, from my point of view, a very unfortunate situation."
"We decided that Mexico and the United States would negotiate, bilaterally, rules of origin for the automotive sector and Canada felt that it wasn't necessary for it to be at the table because it would benefit from whatever agreement was reached between the two of us.
"What I don't think anybody expected was that right after having discussed the rules of origin for the cars, all of a sudden, we started negotiating bilaterally with the United States on everything else, on all the pending issues — sunset clauses, dispute settlements, intellectual property, governmental procurement etc., without the presence of Canada."
Rozental says all three countries carry some of the blame for the situation but that it's Mexico's attitude that pains him.
"I think that we, in Mexico, should have insisted on having Canada with us, because even when NAFTA was first negotiated, the Canada-Mexico partnership helped both of us a great deal in discussing with the United States proposals which we considered to be then and now unacceptable."
Fox told CBC he hopes Canada and Mexico can continue to work together.
"Usually, we get together when we're going to meet the elephant in the room between us. It's been useful for the two of us to defend ourselves together." | 2023-12-02T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8646 |
h4 { font-size: 12pt }
| 2024-04-01T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3691 |
Q:
How to insert integers and strings in linked list? and how to search integers only from that list?
How to insert integers and strings in linked list? and how to search integers only from that list in java
A:
Well its not good to have different type of objects in one collection. Though you can do it as -
List<Object> l = new LinkedList<Object>();
List<Integer> r = new LinkedList<Integer>();
l.add(new Integer(1));
l.add(new Integer(2));
l.add(new Integer(3));
l.add("a");
l.add("b");
System.out.println(l);
for(Object o: l) {
if (o instanceof Integer) {
r.add((Integer) o);
}
}
System.out.println(r);
| 2023-10-31T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9245 |
Guevara, Ernesto Che
Cuba and the "Kennedy Plan." Aignment of forces at Punta del Este. "We are here to propose competition, gentlemen!" Secret documents made public. A struggle in every committee. Summary, conclusions, prospects.
click to zoom
The Fair Play for Cuba Committee, New York. 1962, [7p.], wraps slightly browned on the edges else very good condition, 7x8.5 inches. Che's analysis of the "Alliance for Progress" Reprinted from World Marxist Review, February, 1962, vol. 5, no. 2 | 2024-03-31T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7030 |
#pragma once
#include "envoy/network/address.h"
namespace Envoy {
namespace Network {
struct ProxyProtocolData {
const Network::Address::InstanceConstSharedPtr src_addr_;
const Network::Address::InstanceConstSharedPtr dst_addr_;
};
} // namespace Network
} // namespace Envoy | 2024-03-31T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3244 |
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.
Inherited bone marrow failure (IBMF) syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare hematological disorders characterized by the impairment of hematopoiesis, which harbor specific clinical presentations and pathogenic mechanisms. Some of these syndromes may progress through clonal evolution, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Most prominent are failures of DNA repair such as Fanconi Anemia and much rarer failure of ribosomal apparatus, e.g., Diamond Blackfan Anemia or of telomere elongation such as dyskeratosis congenita. In these congenital disorders, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often a consideration. However, HSCT will not correct the underlying disease and possible co-existing extra-medullary (multi)-organ defects, but will improve BMF. Indications as well as transplantation characteristics are most of the time controversial in this setting because of the rarity of reported cases. The present paper proposes a short overview of current practices. | 2024-03-07T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2677 |
After he allegedly attacked an off-duty police officer Tuesday night, New Orleans police arrested a man who they said had a pistol stolen from the Memphis, Tenn., Police Department. Police said 26-year-old Jacoby Jackson first hit an off-duty officer with his vehicle, then tried to attack him near the crossover of Elysian Fields Avenue and Interstate 610.
According to NOPD reports, Officer Garrett Santiago was hit by a vehicle around 9:54 p.m. When Santiago ran to prevent the driver, Jackson, from leaving his car, Jackson pointed a pistol at him, police said.
After Santiago disarmed him, Jackson allegedly said, "I don't want no trouble." Santiago then stated, "I am a police officer," after which Jackson got out of the car and began attacking him, according to police.
Jackson allegedly told two women in the car to "throw the gun in the ditch" and "get the dope." Santiago continued fighting with Jackson until two passersby came to the officer's assistance, police said.
Police said they recovered the pistol from a sewer and Santiago identified it as Jackson's weapon. It was later discovered that the gun had been stolen from the Memphis Police Department.
Jackson was arrested Wednesday morning and booked with aggregated assault with a firearm, battery of a police officer, illegal possession of stolen things and several traffic charges. | 2023-10-19T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3125 |
Q:
Builder 2010 localization problems
I cannot localize a Builder C++ 2010 application. Even following the directions in the help file. Here is what I do:
create a VCL Forms application.
add the german language.
add the german translation of the form caption using the translator.
set my active language preference to german (project->language->set active...).
build and run and I still get the english form caption. There is no xxx.deu file created.
What am I doing wrong?
A:
Steps look simple and correct in general, but there are two possible missed steps
create a VCL Forms application.
add the german language.
add the german translation of the form caption using the translator.
Save Translation in Translation Editor.
set my active language preference to german (project->language->set active...).
build and run and I still get the english form caption. There is no xxx.deu file created.
Build All projects, not parent only. Both of project - main and localized must built without errors.
| 2023-10-24T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6293 |
ngapp.controller('promptModalController', function($scope) {
$scope.yes = function() {
$scope.promptPromise.resolve(true);
$scope.$emit('closeModal');
};
$scope.no = function() {
$scope.promptPromise.resolve(false);
$scope.$emit('closeModal');
};
});
| 2024-06-07T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8019 |
Norm Boyd (center, at-large Site Futures Committee member) discusses the southern portion of the site with DOE Federal Project Director Don Metzler and Jason Johnson, Site Futures Committee member representing Utah Forestry, Fire and State Lands, during the May 15 public meeting. Photo by Floyd Dean
Local citizens have begun mapping a future use for the former Atlas uranium mill property three miles north of Moab, and their vision looks green.
Fifteen people attended a workshop Wednesday, May 15, at the Grand Center. Some suggested the 484-acre parcel be used for such things as a botanical garden, solar panel site, public camping area, habitat for birds and wildlife, and even keeping it an open space for walking and biking.
The session marked the start of the public input process leading to a new life for the land, which is now managed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as contamination remediation continues. The cleanup is projected to be finished in 2025.
The workshop was sponsored by the Site Futures Committee, an arm of Grand County’s Moab Tailings Project Steering Committee. Grand County remediation project liaison Lee Shenton said the Site Futures group hopes to give an initial report to the Grand County Council by the end of the year, outlining citizens’ hopes for the property.
Not everyone who attended last week’s workshop proposed strictly green uses. One person suggested a transit hub for rail and bus passengers as well as railroad freight distribution. Another proposed a high-end resort with a golf course.
During an interview, Joe Kingsley, who attended the workshop, said he supports the resort idea. He estimates the undeveloped land is worth approximately $2 million, with access to Colorado River water increasing that value to $2.3 million.
He said he would like Grand County to sell the land to a developer for the price of the property and 10 percent of future profits.
“We need jobs,” Kingsley said. “We need revenue.”
A transit hub could be developed along with the resort, he said, with buses taking visitors to Arches National Park, which currently suffers from lack of parking during popular seasons.
In a document provided to The Times-Independent, Kingsley suggested the city of Moab and Grand County form a public/private partnership to develop the land.
“Carefully plan the development to be an iconic, world class facility, which would have a high-end resort, and convention meeting capabilities with strict light pollution control …,” he wrote. “The cleared 480 acres, with water rights, has a current estimated value for development purposes of at least 16 million dollars.”
However, there’s no assurance that Grand County will receive ownership of the land once it’s clean of radiation. Federal agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the National Park Service has first right of refusal, Site Futures Committee chairman Russ Von Koch noted during his presentation last week.
The site has significant potential for the county’s economy, he said.
“It’s a great property,” Von Koch said. “It’s the gateway to Moab and it’s on the Colorado River. We want to keep it as an economic engine for Grand County.”
Rock Smith of the BLM said there are some constraints to future development of the former mill site. There is no municipal water or sewer on site, there are wetlands along the Colorado River, and part of the property lies in two flood plains, he said.
Smith estimated that about 100 acres of the amount of land is without such constraints.
According to a handout from the Site Futures Committee, a variety of uses have been found on the Colorado Plateau where mill sites and tailings remediation work has been completed. Former DOE sites in Utah and Colorado include a U.S. Army reserve facility, a nonprofit city and county sponsored business incubator, storm water collection ponds, a riverfront trail, a solar voltaic lease site, wastewater treatment plants, and park and recreational uses.
Additional public comment will be taken until May 31, when the Site Futures Committee will begin studying the input and narrowing down possible choices.
Comments on future uses may be submitted to lshenton@grandcountyutah.net or on the website www.moabtailings.org/sfc.htm. Verbal comments may be made by calling Shenton at 435-259-1795 and written comments may be submitted to the Site Future Committee, c/o UMTRA Liaison, Grand County Courthouse, 125 E. Center St., Moab, UT 84532.
We're glad to give readers a forum to express their points of view on issues important to this community. That forum is the “Letters to the Editor.” Letters to the editor may be submitted directly to The Times-Independent through this link and will be published in the print edition of the newspaper. All letters must be the original work of the letter writer – form letters will not be accepted. All letters must include the actual first and last name of the letter writer, the writer’s address, city and state and telephone number. Anonymous letters will not be accepted.
Letters may not exceed 400 words in length, must be regarding issues of general interest to the community, and may not include personal attacks, offensive language, ethnic or racial slurs, or attacks on personal or religious beliefs. Letters should focus on a single issue. Letters that proselytize or focus on theological debates will not be published. During political campaigns, The Times-Independent will not publish letters supporting or opposing any local candidate. Thank you letters are generally not accepted for publication unless the letter has a public purpose. Thank you letters dealing with private matters that compliment or complain about a business or individual will not be published. Nor will letters listing the names of individuals and/or businesses that supported a cause or event. Thank you letters about good Samaritan acts will be considered at the discretion of the newspaper. | 2023-12-25T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6512 |
Integrated photocatalytic-biological reactor for accelerated phenol mineralization.
An integrated photocatalytic-biological reactor (IPBR) was developed for accelerated phenol degradation and mineralization. In the IPBR, photodegradation and biodegradation occurred simultaneously, but in two separated zones: a piece of mat-glass plate coated with TiO(2) film and illuminated by UV light was connected by internal circulation to a honeycomb ceramic that was the biofilm carrier for biodegradation. This arrangement was designed to give intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation. Phenol degradation was investigated by following three protocols: photocatlysis with TiO(2) film under ultraviolet light, but no biofilm (photodegradation); biofilm biodegradation with no UV light (biodegradation); and simultaneous photodegradation and biodegradation (intimately coupled photobiodegradation). Photodegradation alone could partly degrade phenol, but was not able to achieve significant mineralization, even with an HRT of 10 h. Biodegradation alone could completely degrade phenol, but it did not mineralize the COD by more than 74%. Photobiodegradation allowed continuous rapid degradation of phenol, but it also led to more complete mineralization of phenol (up to 92%) than the other protocols. The results demonstrate that intimate coupling was achieved by protecting the biofilm from UV and free-radical inhibition. With phenol as the target compound, the main advantage of intimate coupling in the IPBR was increased mineralization, presumably because photocatalysis made soluble microbial products more rapidly biodegradable. | 2023-11-21T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1743 |
Q:
Did Dobby know about Horcruxes during/before Chamber of Secrets?
“Albus Dumbledore is the greatest headmaster Hogwarts has ever had. Dobby knows it, sir.
Dobby has heard Dumbledore’s powers rival those of He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named at the
height of his strength. But, sir” — Dobby’s voice dropped to an urgent whisper — “there are
powers Dumbledore doesn’t... powers no decent wizard...” (Chamber of Secrets, Chapter 2 "Dobby’s Warning")
This sounds to me like Dobby is referring to the Horcruxes (what other powers would Dumbledore not have, that no decent wizard touches?)
Is there any canon/JKR support to confirm or reject this guess?
A:
There are any number of numerous dark magic "powers" i.e. spells, potions, etc. that Dumbledore would not touch other than the Horcruxes.
From the Sorcerer's Stone:
"You flatter me," said Dumbledore calmly. "Voldemort had powers I will
never have."
"Only because you're too -- well -- noble to use them."
That being said, Dobby was probably aware of as much as his master was aware, which Dumbledore explains in The Half Blood Prince:(emphasis mine)
Of course, Lucius did not know what the diary really
was. I understand that Voldemort had told him the diary would cause the
Chamber of Secrets to reopen because it was cleverly enchanted. Had Lucius
known he held a portion of his masters soul in his hands, he would
undoubtedly have treated it with more reverence — but instead he went
ahead and carried out the old plan for his own ends.
I think essentially that this was all of the information that Dobby had to go on, which was enough for him to warn Harry that he was in danger, since the Chamber of Secrets would be reopened. Certainly opening the Chamber and setting the monster within on muggle borns qualifies as a "power" that "no decent wizard" would use.
A:
I don't think Dobby was referring to Horcruxes. Dumbledore himself tells Harry that he didn't clue in on Horcruxes as the issue until the end of Chamber of Secrets. This part I addressed in your question Why Didn't Dumbledore Seek Out the Horcruxes Earlier a while ago, so I won't rewrite all that here. The important thing is Dumbledore didn't begin to suspect Horcruxes until after the diary was destroyed at the end of Harry's second year. Quick quote:
Dumbledore paused for a moment, marshalling his thoughts, and then said, ‘Four years ago, I received what I considered certain proof that Voldemort had split his soul.’
‘Where?’ asked Harry. ‘How?’
‘You handed it to me, Harry,’ said Dumbledore. ‘The diary, Riddle’s diary, the one giving instructions on how to reopen the Chamber of Secrets.’
Half-Blood Prince - page 467 - Bloomsbury - Chapter 23, Horcruxes
In that same chapter Dumbledore explains that Voldemort told Lucius that the diary would reopen the Chamber of Secrets, but he did not go so far as to tell Lucius that the diary was a Horcrux. This is supported in Goblet of Fire, when Voldemort says, "I, who have gone
further than anybody along the path that leads to immortality." and Dumbledore reminds Harry, "That was what you told me he said. 'Further than anybody.' And I thought I knew what that meant, though the Death Eaters did not."
If Dumbledore did not know of the existence of the Horcrux(es) until the end of Harry's second year -- and did not have absolute confirmation of this until Half-Blood Prince after viewing Slughorn's memory of his conversation about Horcruxes with Tom Riddle -- I can't imagine that Dobby knew about them. Especially as Lucius did not know of their existence.
There is no canon or JKR evidence that I know of that confirms or denies outright the idea that Dobby knew that Voldemort had created Horcruxes. It seems more logical that he just knew about the Chamber of Secrets, likely from overhearing information he shouldn't have at Malfoy Manor. After all, he did have awfully big ears!
| 2024-04-08T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6869 |
package com.android.router;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
/**
* Instrumentation test, which will execute on an Android device.
*
* @see <a href="http://d.android.com/tools/testing">Testing documentation</a>
*/
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
@Test
public void useAppContext() throws Exception {
// Context of the app under test.
Context appContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();
assertEquals("com.android.router.test", appContext.getPackageName());
}
}
| 2024-06-08T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2984 |
Q:
iPhone4 iOS5 NSFetchedResultsController how to set the delegate properly in a subclass?
I have a parent class that handles all the UITableview persistent data management and UITableView row managemetn. I've copied most of the code from a new XCode4 project with persistent data for a UITableview. Now I'm trying to delete a tablerow in a child class, and none of the delegate methods get called when a row is deleted, causing my tableview to be left in an inconsistent state.
Am I assigning the delegate correctly? Who's the delegate of the NSFetechedResultsController in this case? Do I need to explicitly make my child class a NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate?
Here's how I retrieve the NSFetchedResultsController, note how it assigns self as the delegate.
- (NSFetchedResultsController *)fetchedResultsController
{
if (__fetchedResultsController != nil)
{
return __fetchedResultsController;
}
/*
Set up the fetched results controller.
*/
// Create the fetch request for the entity.
NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init];
// Edit the entity name as appropriate.
NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:entityName inManagedObjectContext:self.managedObjectContext];
[fetchRequest setEntity:entity];
// Set the batch size to a suitable number.
[fetchRequest setFetchBatchSize:fetchBatchSize];
// Edit the sort key as appropriate.
// NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"startMinute" ascending:YES];
NSArray *sortDescriptors;
if(sortDescriptor2!=nil)
{
sortDescriptors= [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor,sortDescriptor2, nil];
}else
{
sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor, nil];
}
[fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors];
if(filterPredicate != nil)
{
[fetchRequest setPredicate:filterPredicate];
}
// Edit the section name key path and cache name if appropriate.
// nil for section name key path means "no sections".
NSFetchedResultsController *aFetchedResultsController = [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest managedObjectContext:self.managedObjectContext sectionNameKeyPath:nil cacheName:@"Root"];
aFetchedResultsController.delegate = self;
self.fetchedResultsController = aFetchedResultsController;
NSError *error = nil;
if (![self.fetchedResultsController performFetch:&error])
{
/*
Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development. If it is not possible to recover from the error, display an alert panel that instructs the user to quit the application by pressing the Home button.
*/
NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
// abort();
}
return __fetchedResultsController;
}
When it's time to delete table rows, none of the delegate methods get invoked, even thought the table row is really deleted. To debug the issue, I added the following 2 assertions. The second assertion fails.
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
id delegate = self.fetchedResultsController.delegate;
NSAssert(delegate!=nil,@"Tableview is not delegate of fetched results controller!");
//this assertion fails
NSAssert([((UITableViewController*)self) isEqual:delegate],@"Tableview is not delegate of fetched results controller!");
if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete)
{
// Delete the managed object for the given index path
NSManagedObjectContext *context = [self.fetchedResultsController managedObjectContext];
[context deleteObject:[self.fetchedResultsController objectAtIndexPath:indexPath]];
// Save the context.
NSError *error = nil;
if (![context save:&error])
{
/*
Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development. If it is not possible to recover from the error, display an alert panel that instructs the user to quit the application by pressing the Home button.
*/
NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
// abort();
}
}
}
Thank you !
A:
The code setting up the NSFetchedResultsController looks correct. It's delegate set to self means it's delegate is the object you are creating it in. This looks like the same object that is the delegate for the tableView. It also looks like you correctly deleting the object and saving the context.
What you don't show and is likely the cause of the crash is your handling of the NSFetchedResultsController delegate methods. At a minimum, you need to add the following:
- (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
{
[self.tableView reloadData];
}
This will force the table to reload whenever the fetchedResultsController updates itself when it detects changes in its managedObjectContext.
If this is not your issue then you need to post some more code showing how you have your classes configured and how you are handling the fetchedResultsController delegate methods.
EDIT: fixed incorrect signature om controllerDidChangeContent:
| 2023-09-12T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4396 |
Hippocampal-dependent memory in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task: The role of spatial cues and CA1 activity.
The plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT) has been used to investigate interactions between aversive memory and an anxiety-like response in rodents. Suitable performance in this task depends on the activity of the basolateral amygdala, similar to other aversive-based memory tasks. However, the role of spatial cues and hippocampal-dependent learning in the performance of PMDAT remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of proximal and distal cues in the retrieval of this task. Animals tested under misplaced proximal cues had diminished performance, and animals tested under both misplaced proximal cues and absent distal cues could not discriminate the aversive arm. We also assessed the role of the dorsal hippocampus (CA1) in this aversive memory task. Temporary bilateral inactivation of dorsal CA1 was conducted with muscimol (0.05 μg, 0.1 μg, and 0.2 μg) prior to the training session. While the acquisition of the task was not altered, muscimol impaired the performance in the test session and reduced the anxiety-like response in the training session. We also performed a spreading analysis of a fluorophore-conjugated muscimol to confirm selective inhibition of CA1. In conclusion, both distal and proximal cues are required to retrieve the task, with the latter being more relevant to spatial orientation. Dorsal CA1 activity is also required for aversive memory formation in this task, and interfered with the anxiety-like response as well. Importantly, both effects were detected by different parameters in the same paradigm, endorsing the previous findings of independent assessment of aversive memory and anxiety-like behavior in the PMDAT. Taken together, these findings suggest that the PMDAT probably requires an integration of multiple systems for memory formation, resembling an episodic-like memory rather than a pure conditioning behavior. Furthermore, the concomitant and independent assessment of emotionality and memory in rodents is relevant to elucidate how these memory systems interact during aversive memory formation. Thus, the PMDAT can be useful for studying hippocampal-dependent memory when it involves emotional content. | 2023-08-18T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7160 |
Now, before I start, I would like to say that I honestly don't know if it has always done this or if it should do this. This morning, I went to warm it up. I put the heat all the way up and put the control dial on defrost as per normal. When i was driving to work, I switched the control knob to the floor vents only setting and noticed that air was still coming out the defrost vents.
So when I stopped at work, I did some testing. Here is what i found:
control knob on defrost setting-> air comes out defrost vents only
control knob on defrost/ floor mix setting-> air comes out defrost and floor vents onlycontrol knob on floor vents only-> air comes out defrost and floor vents only
control knob on dash/ floor mix setting-> air comes out dash and floor vents only
control knob on dash vents only-> air comes out dash vents only
So everything seems to be working just fine except the the floor vents only setting. Anyone have any ideas on this?
Now, before I start, I would like to say that I honestly don't know if it has always done this or if it should do this. This morning, I went to warm it up. I put the heat all the way up and put the control dial on defrost as per normal. When i was driving to work, I switched the control knob to the floor vents only setting and noticed that air was still coming out the defrost vents.
So when I stopped at work, I did some testing. Here is what i found:
control knob on defrost setting-> air comes out defrost vents only
control knob on defrost/ floor mix setting-> air comes out defrost and floor vents onlycontrol knob on floor vents only-> air comes out defrost and floor vents only
control knob on dash/ floor mix setting-> air comes out dash and floor vents only
control knob on dash vents only-> air comes out dash vents only
So everything seems to be working just fine except the the floor vents only setting. Anyone have any ideas on this?
I have this issue too, I have to turn off my air wait 3 seconds turn the dial to feet and then turn air back on...I'm not a genius in the HVAC of a vehicle but I think the air is just stronger than the selector-switch-motor-thingy and yeah... haha | 2024-03-07T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3127 |
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA
MAD DOG MARKETING NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
GROUP, INC., FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
Appellant,
CASE NO. 1D14-1091
v.
DEPARTMENT OF
FINANCIAL SERVICES,
DIVISION OF WORKERS'
COMPENSATION,
Appellee.
_____________________________/
Opinion filed October 13, 2014.
An appeal from an Order of the Department of Financial Services.
Bennett M. Miller, Law Offices of Bennett M. Miller, P.A., Tallahassee, for
Appellant.
Trevor S. Suter, Assistant General Counsel, Department of Financial Services,
Tallahassee, for Appellee.
PER CURIAM.
Mad Dog Marketing Group, Inc., appeals a final order of the Department of
Financial Services imposing penalties for failure to secure workers’ compensation
coverage for its employees. We affirm without comment Issues I, II, and III, but
reverse Issue IV. The department erred as a matter of law by fining appellant
$2,000.00 for continuing to operate its business in violation of the stop-work order,
because the department had not charged appellant with such violation as required
by Florida Rule of Administrative Procedure 28-106.2015(1). See, e.g., Gonzalez
v. Dep’t of Health, 120 So. 3d 234 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013); Trevisani v. Dep’t of
Health, 908 So. 2d 1108 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005); Cottrill v. Dep’t of Ins., 685 So. 2d
1371 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, and REMANDED.
PADOVANO, THOMAS, and CLARK, JJ., CONCUR.
2
| 2023-09-23T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3680 |
Full shade perennials in autumn reds/oranges?
Full shade perennials in autumn reds/oranges?
Sun Jul 03, 2016 7:27 pm
I'd like to make my front yard really pop in the autumn. I have planted an apple tree and some blueberry bushes (that will turn red in fall). I have a Virginia creeper going up my large spruce tree that will turn bright red.
Id like to plant some other perennials under the spruce. I'm not too picky about what goes there but would love to continue with autumn colours - perhaps leaves that change in the fall or are bright all year. I'm zone 3 so many brilliant coloured plants don't do well here. There will also be some dryness under the tree but I can try to water regularly.
Re: Full shade perennials in autumn reds/oranges?
Mon Jul 04, 2016 5:02 am
Wow... you don't ask for much! Perennials that can make it through a zone 3 winter are few enough. Perennials that can tolerate dry shade under a tree are few. Perennials that can handle all of that? And then you want them to be brilliantly colored, knowing that shade perennials tend towards silver, white not colors?? It's a challenge!
Heucheras are grown for their beautiful foliage colors and variegation. Many are fall colors. This image is a mix of heuchera and the heucherella Lindsay mentioned:
heucherella is a hybrid of heuchera and tiarella (foam flower) which is another hardy shade perennial grown for foliage colors. Tiarella var. Crow Feather:
hosta is the classic shade plant and there are golden hostas that might fit your color scheme:
heartleaf begonia is a very tough hardy shade perennial. It is green leaved in spring and summer with pink flower spikes in spring. In fall and winter the foliage turns all different shades of red/ bronze/ purple and it keeps the leaves all through the winter:
You could fill out your shade garden with some annuals like coleus (another foliage plant):
and impatiens which will pump out flowers all through the growing season | 2024-04-13T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9958 |
;; Tests from wabt: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/tree/master/test/interp
;; Distributed under the terms of the wabt license: https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/blob/master/LICENSE
;; Modified for compatibility with WAVM's interpretation of the proposed spec.
(module
;; i8x16 neg
(func (export "i8x16_neg_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00000002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i8x16.neg)
;; i16x8 neg
(func (export "i16x8_neg_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x0000ffff 0x00007fff 0x00000003 0x00000004
i16x8.neg)
;; i32x4 neg
(func (export "i32x4_neg_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00000002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i32x4.neg)
;; i64x2 neg
(func (export "i64x2_neg_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00000002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i64x2.neg)
;; v128 not
(func (export "v128_not_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00ff0001 0x00550002 0x00000003 0x00000004
v128.not)
;; i8x16 any_true
(func (export "i8x16_any_true_0") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00ff0001 0x00550002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i8x16.any_true)
(func (export "i8x16_any_true_1") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
i8x16.any_true)
;; i16x8 any_true
(func (export "i16x8_any_true_0") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
i16x8.any_true)
(func (export "i16x8_any_true_1") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00ff0001 0x00550002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i16x8.any_true)
;; i32x4 any_true
(func (export "i32x4_any_true_0") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00ff0001 0x00550002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i32x4.any_true)
(func (export "i32x4_any_true_1") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
i32x4.any_true)
;; i8x16 all_true
(func (export "i8x16_all_true_0") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x01020304 0x01050706 0x10020403 0x20103004
i8x16.all_true)
(func (export "i8x16_all_true_1") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00000200 0x00030000 0x00000000
i8x16.all_true)
;; i16x8 all_true
(func (export "i16x8_all_true_0") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00040004 0x00030003 0x00020002 0x00010001
i16x8.all_true)
(func (export "i16x8_all_true_1") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00ff0001 0x00550002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i16x8.all_true)
;; i32x4 all_true
(func (export "i32x4_all_true_0") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x00ff0001 0x00550002 0x00000003 0x00000004
i32x4.all_true)
(func (export "i32x4_all_true_1") (result i32)
v128.const i32x4 0x01010101 0x000000ff 0x000ff000 0x00000000
i32x4.all_true)
;; f32x4 neg
;; For Floating num:
;; +0.0 = 0x00000000, -0.0 = 0x80000000
;; 0xffc00000 is a NaN, 0x7fc00000 is a NaN.
;; 1234.5 = 0x449a5000, 1.0 = 0x3f800000
;; -1234.5 = 0xc49a5000, -1.0 = 0xbf800000
;; test is: [-0.0, NaN, 1234.5, -1.0]
;; expect is: [ 0.0, NaN, -1234.5, 1.0]
(func (export "f32x4_neg_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x80000000 0xffc00000 0x449a5000 0xbf800000
f32x4.neg)
;; f64x2 neg
;; For Double num:
;; +0.0 = 0x0000000000000000, -0.0 = 0x8000000000000000
;; 0xfff8000000000000 is a NaN, 0x7ff8000000000000 is a NaN.
;; 1234.5 = 0x40934a0000000000, 1.0 = 0x3ff0000000000000
;; -1234.5 = 0xc0934a0000000000, -1.0 = 0xbff0000000000000
;; tests are: [ 0.0, NaN], [-1234.5, 1.0]
;; expects are: [-0.0, NaN], [ 1234.5, -1.0]
(func (export "f64x2_neg_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0xfff80000
f64x2.neg)
(func (export "f64x2_neg_1") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0xc0934a00 0x00000000 0x3ff00000
f64x2.neg)
;; f32x4 abs
;; For Floating num:
;; +0.0 = 0x00000000, -0.0 = 0x80000000
;; 0xffc00000 is a NaN, 0x7fc00000 is a NaN.
;; 1234.5 = 0x449a5000, 1.0 = 0x3f800000
;; -1234.5 = 0xc49a5000, -1.0 = 0xbf800000
;; test is: [-0.0, NaN, 1234.5, -1.0]
;; expect is: [ 0.0, NaN, 1234.5, 1.0]
(func (export "f32x4_abs_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x80000000 0xffc00000 0x449a5000 0xbf800000
f32x4.abs)
;; f64x2 abs
;; For Double num:
;; +0.0 = 0x0000000000000000, -0.0 = 0x8000000000000000
;; 0xfff8000000000000 is a NaN, 0x7ff8000000000000 is a NaN.
;; 1234.5 = 0x40934a0000000000, 1.0 = 0x3ff0000000000000
;; -1234.5 = 0xc0934a0000000000, -1.0 = 0xbff0000000000000
;; tests are: [-0.0, NaN], [-1234.5, 1.0]
;; expects are: [ 0.0, NaN], [ 1234.5, 1.0]
(func (export "f64x2_abs_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x80000000 0x00000000 0xfff80000
f64x2.abs)
(func (export "f64x2_abs_1") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0xc0934a00 0x00000000 0x3ff00000
f64x2.abs)
;; f32x4 sqrt
;; For Floating num:
;; 0xffc00000 is a NaN, 0x7fc00000 is a NaN.
;; -1.0 = 0xbf800000, 4.0 = 0x40800000, 2.0 = 0x40000000
;; 9.0 = 0x41100000, 3.0 = 0x40400000
;; test is: [-1.0, NaN, 4.0, 9.0]
;; expect is: [ NaN, NaN, 2.0, 3.0]
(func (export "f32x4_sqrt_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0xbf800000 0xffc00000 0x40800000 0x41100000
f32x4.sqrt)
;; f64x2 sqrt
;; For Double num:
;; 0xfff8000000000000 is a NaN, 0x7ff8000000000000 is a NaN.
;; -1.0 = 0xbff0000000000000, 4.0 = 0x4010000000000000
;; 2.0 = 0x4000000000000000, 9.0 = 0x4022000000000000
;; 3.0 = 0x4008000000000000
;; tests are: [-1.0, NaN], [ 4.0, 9.0]
;; expects are: [ NaN, NaN], [ 2.0, 3.0]
(func (export "f64x2_sqrt_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0xbff00000 0x00000000 0xfff80000
f64x2.sqrt)
(func (export "f64x2_sqrt_1") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x40100000 0x00000000 0x40220000
f64x2.sqrt)
;; f32x4 convert_i32x4_s
;; For Floating num:
;; 1.0 = 0x3f800000 -1.0 = 0xbf800000 3.0 = 0x40400000
;; test is: [ 1, -1, 0, 3]
;; expect is: [ 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 3.0]
(func (export "f32x4_convert_i32x4_s_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0xffffffff 0x00000000 0x00000003
f32x4.convert_i32x4_s)
;; f32x4 convert_i32x4_u
;; For Floating num:
;; 1.0 = 0x3f800000 0.0 = 0x00000000 3.0 = 0x40400000
;; 2.0 = 0x40000000
;; test is: [ 1, 2, 0, 3]
;; expect is: [ 1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 3.0]
(func (export "f32x4_convert_i32x4_u_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00000002 0x00000000 0x00000003
f32x4.convert_i32x4_u)
;; i32x4 trunc_sat_f32x4_s
;; For Floating num:
;; 0xffc00000 is a NaN.
;; 1.5 = 0x3fc00000 -4.5 = 0xc0900000 1234.8 = 0x449a599a
;; 1234 = 0x000004d2
;; test is: [ 1.5, -4.5, NaN, 1234.8]
;; expect is: [ 1, -4, 0, 1234]
(func (export "i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4_s_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x3fc00000 0xc0900000 0xffc00000 0x449a599a
i32x4.trunc_sat_f32x4_s)
;; i32x4 trunc_sat_f32x4_u
;; For Floating num:
;; 0xffc00000 is a NaN.
;; 1.5 = 0x3fc00000 4.5 = 0x40900000 1234.8 = 0x449a599a
;; 1234 = 0x000004d2
;; test is: [ 1.5, 4.5, NaN, 1234.8]
;; expect is: [ 1, 4, 0, 1234]
(func (export "i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4_u_0") (result v128)
v128.const i32x4 0x3fc00000 0x40900000 0xffc00000 0x449a599a
i32x4.trunc_sat_f32x4_u)
)
(assert_return (invoke "i8x16_neg_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x000000ff 0x000000fe 0x000000fd 0x000000fc))
(assert_return (invoke "i16x8_neg_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00008001 0x0000fffd 0x0000fffc))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_neg_0") (v128.const i32x4 0xffffffff 0xfffffffe 0xfffffffd 0xfffffffc))
(assert_return (invoke "i64x2_neg_0") (v128.const i32x4 0xffffffff 0xfffffffd 0xfffffffd 0xfffffffb))
(assert_return (invoke "v128_not_0") (v128.const i32x4 0xff00fffe 0xffaafffd 0xfffffffc 0xfffffffb))
(assert_return (invoke "i8x16_any_true_0") (i32.const 1))
(assert_return (invoke "i8x16_any_true_1") (i32.const 0))
(assert_return (invoke "i16x8_any_true_0") (i32.const 0))
(assert_return (invoke "i16x8_any_true_1") (i32.const 1))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_any_true_0") (i32.const 1))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_any_true_1") (i32.const 0))
(assert_return (invoke "i8x16_all_true_0") (i32.const 1))
(assert_return (invoke "i8x16_all_true_1") (i32.const 0))
(assert_return (invoke "i16x8_all_true_0") (i32.const 1))
(assert_return (invoke "i16x8_all_true_1") (i32.const 0))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_all_true_0") (i32.const 1))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_all_true_1") (i32.const 0))
(assert_return (invoke "f32x4_neg_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x7fc00000 0xc49a5000 0x3f800000))
(assert_return (invoke "f64x2_neg_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x80000000 0x00000000 0x7ff80000))
(assert_return (invoke "f64x2_neg_1") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x40934a00 0x00000000 0xbff00000))
(assert_return (invoke "f32x4_abs_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x7fc00000 0x449a5000 0x3f800000))
(assert_return (invoke "f64x2_abs_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x7ff80000))
(assert_return (invoke "f64x2_abs_1") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x40934a00 0x00000000 0x3ff00000))
(assert_return (invoke "f32x4_sqrt_0") (v128.const f32x4 nan:canonical nan:canonical 2.0 3.0))
(assert_return (invoke "f64x2_sqrt_0") (v128.const f64x2 nan:canonical nan:canonical))
(assert_return (invoke "f64x2_sqrt_1") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x00000000 0x40080000))
(assert_return (invoke "f32x4_convert_i32x4_s_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x3f800000 0xbf800000 0x00000000 0x40400000))
(assert_return (invoke "f32x4_convert_i32x4_u_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x3f800000 0x40000000 0x00000000 0x40400000))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4_s_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0xfffffffc 0x00000000 0x000004d2))
(assert_return (invoke "i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4_u_0") (v128.const i32x4 0x00000001 0x00000004 0x00000000 0x000004d2)) | 2024-06-11T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7433 |
Everett site has better use than a casino
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The Mystic River and a pair of rail lines are all that separate Assembly Square in Somerville from the wasteland in Everett that casino magnate Steve Wynn wants to transform into a resort casino. The two properties are so close that a decent golfer could tee off on one and hit the other. They share a common industrial heritage. Until work crews began clearing Assembly Square for construction, the land on the Somerville side of the Mystic looked just as forlorn as it does now in Everett.
Assembly Square and the old riverfront Monsanto plant in Everett are, in many ways, two sides of the same coin. Now, however, they’re on sharply divergent development paths. One builds a new economy, and the other builds an elaborate structure for siphoning cash into the hands of one wealthy corporation. Somerville is creating a new neighborhood, while Everett’s mayor is parading Steve Wynn through City Hall. Everett’s is a considerably less ambitious and less constructive endeavor, and it’s one the city doesn’t have to settle for. Somerville could have had what Everett now has (a less than certain shot at one of three state casino licenses), and turned that offer down. That alone should give Everett pause — especially because the city could easily replicate what is happening at Assembly Square.
Steel beams are now rising — forming space for new shops, and for hundreds of apartments. The four new city blocks currently under construction will eventually mushroom into a mixed-use neighborhood with 2,100 new residences and well over 2 million square feet of office and retail space, all sitting on a new Orange Line subway stop. And there’s more coming, as the decision by the furniture retailer IKEA to sell its 12 acres in Assembly Square opens the door for a significant expansion of the new neighborhood Federal Realty Investment Trust is currently building.
Assembly Square is booming now, but its success was far from a foregone conclusion. The site was once a forgotten, isolated corner of Somerville, left behind by industry and cut off from the rest of the city by Interstate 93. It was the site of an old auto plant and a failed mall, and not much else. It didn’t look like much, but Assembly Square’s neighbors had vision. They saw the immense potential in a large parcel of open land sitting on the river and on a subway line, and they fought for development that would live up to the site’s unique location.
The 37-acre former Monsanto site Wynn toured last week isn’t quite Assembly Square’s twin — it’s on a commuter rail line, not the subway, and it faces a more intensive environmental cleanup — but it’s a close relative. Both have transit links. Both sit on the water. Both are sizeable open parcels sitting close to Boston. The fundamentals are baked into the real estate. They’re just waiting for the vision to catch up.
Those fundamentals are why Somerville Mayor Joe Curtatone told a Globe reporter last week that he’d repeatedly rebuffed developers looking to build in Assembly Square what Wynn wants to build across the river. “Over my dead body would a casino come to Assembly Square or any part of Somerville,” Curtatone said.
Somerville activists pushed for a mix of offices, retail, and new homes laid out in city blocks — because this mix will allow Assembly Square to become a building block in a broader economic development strategy. The neighborhood’s builders are hoping to capture development overflow from red-hot Cambridge. The Orange Line links the neighborhood to Boston, and to the Station Landing development near Wellington station in Medford. The new residences, new office space, and new restaurants are additive. They grow the economy organically.
Assembly Square and the old riverfront Monsanto plant in Everett are, in many ways, two sides of the same coin.
The Everett casino, on the other hand, would be an end unto itself. And worse, it would squander the location that’s enabling Assembly Square’s transformation. Casinos, like IKEA furniture stores, come in pre-cut boxes. These boxes are designed to maximize profit wherever they’re plunked down. They are indifferent, if not hostile, to their surroundings. They can go anywhere, which means they’re awful fits for waterfront, transit-adjacent real estate, of which there’s a limited supply. A site like Assembly Square, or like the Monsanto site, needs to live up to its full potential. There are too few of them to waste.
Paul McMorrow is an associate editor at Commonwealth Magazine. His column appears regularly in the Globe. | 2024-01-03T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3226 |
Tag Archives: Overland Adventures
Oh my. My son returned home from a two week backpacking trip in the Blue Ridge mountains with some harrowing tales to tell, along with a smelly piece of freshly-killed-rattlesnake skin. A more anxious mother might have banned him from … Continue reading → | 2024-07-24T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4549 |
Marina Pisano: A helpful new ADHD guide for parents
With so many children on Ritalin and other drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, some critics have warned that ADHD is being way overdiagnosed, that kids are being medicated as a way to manage overactive and unruly behavior at home or school.
But in a study published in September, researchers at the Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center said the opposite is happening. They found that almost 9 percent of American children have ADHD, but only 32 percent of the 9 percent are getting the treatment they need. Girls are more likely to be undiagnosed, and kids without health insurance are less likely to be diagnosed and treated. What’s more, youngsters from poor families, who have the highestr rates of ADHD, are least likely to get consistent treatment with medication.
It’s no surprise that some parents are confused, especially if they have children who are inattentive, overly restless and impulsive. Only a physician can make the diagnosis, but for parents who are dealing with an ADHD child or want to learn more about the disorder, there is a new online medication guide from the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Psychiatric Association that provides information on symptoms, treatment options, medication side effects and co-occuring disorders to watch for. The guide is available in English and Spanish and includes fact sheets and a long list of additional resources for further information.
Physicians say ADHD is not something to dismiss. Untreated, it can lead to failure at school, discipline problems, injury and depression. What’s more, it’s not always outgrown. It’s estimated that 50 percent of children who have ADHD will have symptoms as adults, where they can impact relationships and jobs. | 2024-01-29T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2420 |
With such a large pool of undecided voters, small shifts in support can make big impact on the campaign trail this fall
Abacus Data has found about 20 per cent of Canadians polled definitely want to see the Liberals return to government
Just weeks ahead of the federal election, 49 per cent of voters polled say they want to see a new party in power
OTTAWA (NEWS 1130) – As we wait for the prime minister to pull the trigger on an official election call, it appears voters are split about whether or not it is time for the Trudeau Liberals to get the political boot.
On Oct. 21, Canadians will have a choice to make, and David Coletto with Abacus Data says according to his polling numbers, 49 per cent of voters will be casting a ballot for a change of government.
“You’ve got half of the country already saying I’m probably not going to vote Liberal, I’m definitely not wanting them back in power, and that’s a sizable number of Canadians,” he explains.
However, one-in-five respondents say they do want the Grits re-elected, while one-third say they just aren’t sure or are not paying attention.
While these numbers may seem bad, Coletto says in our multi-party, first-past-the-post-system, the Liberals are still quite competitive. Part of that is because we’re not seeing voters rally behind a single alternative option.
“When it comes to Andrew Scheer and the Conservatives, not enough people feel comfortable with them quite yet,” he explains. “So the campaign will matter.”
Coletto notes the number of people who want to see the Liberals out is still less than the two-thirds who wanted the Conservatives out in the 2015 vote.
“But given that they’ve only been in power for four years and Stephen Harper was in power for almost 10, it does suggest they’ve got a lot of turbulence, I think,” Coletto says.
With such a large pool of undecided voters, small shifts in support can make a big impact on the campaign trail.
Recent polls from Abacus Data show the Greens and the NDP are trailing far behind the Liberals and Conservatives in the polls.
Coletto has said the key battlegrounds for the two front-runners will be vote-rich Ontario and Quebec, and that all parties will need different strategies in order to claim victory. | 2024-05-07T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7278 |
Bullockornis, nicknamed the ‘demon duck of doom’, was a huge flightless bird, now extinct, that lived in Australia. Larger specimens may have stood about 2.5 metres tall, and weighed up to 500 kilograms. Features of its skull, including a large beak, suggest that it may have been carnivorous, although here it is eating fruit. | 2024-01-04T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1051 |
Boat Steering and Controls
We strive to be the most comprehensive boat controls and steering distributor on the web. We carry a huge collection of high quality boat controls and boat steering parts. We have a lot, so, ...read more allow yourself some time to browse so you can see everything we offer at great prices for saving you money.
Engineered with excellence and built to last, our boat controls and boat steering products are sure to keep your boating without costing a fortune. For starters, we have a massive selection of excellent boat steering systems such as boat steering wheels to keep your destination on target.
When you browse our category, you will find top brands such as Seastar, Uflex, Troll Master and SeaSense boat steering controls. The boat steering systems are always ready to ship with affordable pricing. If you are looking for rotary steering, pinon steering, auxiliary steering or hydraulic boat steering systems? We offer those parts, too, at a great price!
As time goes by, our boat control systems can begin to fail causing us problems. It is important to stay on top of your marine parts and health to ensure you don't have any issues while out on the water. We offer precision made marine remote engine controls, control cables, and control accessories to ensure your vessel is running at top performance. We carry brands from Seastar solutions, Uflex, T-H Marine and Seadog Line which are sure to keep your boat cruising strong.
Trim and Performance Enhancers
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Engine Instrumentation and gauges
Not only is it important to stay on-top of your boat steering and controls, it is equally important to keep on-top the health of your boat. We have a large variety of the best marine engine instrumentation and gauges that enable you to keep a running watch on the health of your working parts. We stock gauges and instrumentation like digital gauges, speedometers, fuel gauges, voltmeters, hour meters, tachometers and oil pressure gauges.
Jack Plates and Motor Mounts.
Our list doesn't stop here. We maintain a lot of marine jack plates and motor mounts in stock at all times. We have stationary outboard brackets and adjustable outboard motor mounts. We also carry outboard jack plates and mounting brackets, outboard motor support plates, and transom wedges at an affordable price with fast shipping. Our top selling parts made by Springfield, Panther, Seasense and T-H Marine.
Rigging Hardware
Lastly, on our list of boat steering and controls, we stock marine rigging hardware to keep everything in its place. If you are looking for marine cable ties, cable boots, cable outlets and tubes and, engine locks by Perko, Sierra and many, many more from top quality manufacturers.
Be sure to take a look at what we offer and you will quickly see we offer great pricing along with exceptional service. If you have a question or concern. Don't hesitate to contact us so we can help you keep your boat healthy and strong.
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Infographic: Measuring Boat Control Cables
Learn how to measure boat control cables on an outboard or inboard/stern drive boat. Step by step instruction with supportive imagery.
...read more
Steps for Measuring Boat Steering Cables for my Outboard Boat
Is it time to replace your boat steering cables? Well, we have the easiest way to measure them accurately. If you have an outboard motor on your boat these are the steps you will want to take. Be sure to view our infographic to assist you in getting your boat to feel like new.
Directions
Step One
Measure from the center line of the boat steering wheel to the gunwale.
Step Two
Measure from dash board to the transom.
Step Three
Measure from gunwale to the center line of the cable connection at engine.
Step Four
Add 6 inches to the total of steps 1, 2 and 3.
Steps for Measuring Boat Steering Cables on an Inboard or Stern Drive Boat | 2024-05-23T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8259 |
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| 2024-06-06T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/9787 |
Problems associated with the use of drugs administered by intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
There has been an increase in the use of drugs administered by intermittent positive pressure ventilation over recent years. There are a number of problems association with this type of therapy including variable and inadequate absorption of drugs and the possibility of nosocomial infections. A number of precautionary measures are suggested to minimize these problems. | 2023-10-15T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/8681 |
A new gameplay trailer released for Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare during Sony’s E3 2016 press briefing showcases how players will be able to breach and assault massive enemy spaceships.
The game’s protagonist Reyes and his group of soldiers, designated SCAR, have been ordered to located and infiltrate an enemy SetDef destroyer vessel. An exchange of pleasantries between the crew of the enemy ship and our assaulters turns bloody, as Reyes and his soldiers proceed to kill the crew. Elsewhere, the footage also showcases some grapple hooking action and zero-gravity combat.
Activision is releasing two Call of Duty games this year; first being Infinite Warfare and second being Modern Warfare Remastered. Unfortunately, the publisher has remained steadfast on its previous announcement that the only way of playing the remastered version of Call of Duty 4 is by purchasing associated editions of Infinite Warfare.
At E3 2016, Activision made another announcement that pre-ordering the associated Infinite Warfare edition will allow you to play Modern Warfare Remastered earlier than the rest. It’s likely that Activision will release Modern Warfare Remastered as a standalone game in the future.
Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare is slated for a release on November 4 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and PC. | 2024-01-20T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1879 |
- 187. Is 7 a factor of h?
True
Let d be (28/(-6))/((-4)/6). Let o = d + 7. Is 11 a factor of o?
False
Suppose -n = -2*n - 5*x + 87, 0 = 3*n - 5*x - 361. Is 24 a factor of n?
False
Let f = 7 - -37. Is 10 a factor of f?
False
Let z(l) = -l**3 + 6*l**2 - 4*l. Let m be z(5). Let r(i) = 2*i**2 - 3*i + 1. Is r(m) a multiple of 12?
True
Let c(t) = t - 2. Let r be c(5). Let x = -10 + r. Let l = x + 32. Is l a multiple of 13?
False
Let h = 16 + -6. Is h a multiple of 6?
False
Let b(q) = -4*q + 54. Does 13 divide b(-19)?
True
Suppose 0 = 2*f - 69 - 11. Is f a multiple of 17?
False
Is (-33)/(1 - (-4)/(-3)) a multiple of 19?
False
Suppose -5*o + 3 = -37. Suppose -3*c = 2*c - 20. Suppose f + 21 = b - o, 0 = f + c. Is 14 a factor of b?
False
Suppose -100 = -7*u + 19. Is 17 a factor of u?
True
Suppose 5 + 15 = -b. Let x = b + 36. Does 5 divide x?
False
Suppose 5*j - 14 = 16. Let n = 16 - j. Is n a multiple of 5?
True
Suppose 2*r + p = 330 - 31, -3*p + 456 = 3*r. Suppose 63 = 3*c - r. Does 14 divide c?
True
Does 12 divide (105/(-12))/(1/(-4))?
False
Does 3 divide 50/(-15)*12/(-8)?
False
Is 26 a factor of (-165)/(-3) - (3 + 0)?
True
Suppose -2*i - 5*b + 94 = -0*i, 0 = -i + 3*b + 25. Let r = -15 + i. Is r a multiple of 12?
False
Let k(p) = -p**2 - 7*p. Suppose 36 = -5*y + 2*a, a + 2*a - 21 = 2*y. Let z be k(y). Suppose -5*g + z*g - 13 = 0. Is g a multiple of 5?
False
Let b = -2 + 4. Suppose -60 = -b*f + f. Is 30 a factor of f?
True
Let k be (-4*(-2)/4)/1. Suppose -3*j = -2*f + 166, 3*j + 81 = f + k*j. Suppose 4*t - 43 = f. Is t a multiple of 16?
False
Suppose 2*k - u + 39 = 0, 0 = -3*k + 4*k + 3*u + 37. Let m = -16 - k. Is m a multiple of 6?
True
Let o(n) = -3*n**3 + n + 1. Let d be o(-1). Suppose 0 = -d*z + 6*z. Suppose z = w - 1 - 20. Is w a multiple of 21?
True
Let m(q) = q**2 - 6*q - 9. Does 10 divide m(-6)?
False
Suppose -p - 2 = -27. Let c(k) = -k - 1. Let d be c(-5). Is 160/p + d/(-10) a multiple of 3?
True
Suppose -a + 26 = -84. Is a a multiple of 40?
False
Suppose 0 = 2*o + o + 99. Suppose v - 4 = 0, h + 4*v - 20 = -0*h. Is 11 a factor of (o/h)/(3/(-8))?
True
Let m = 0 + 1. Let o be (m - 2)*(5 - 5). Suppose o = 3*g + g - 68. Is 17 a factor of g?
True
Let t = -53 + 22. Let d = t + 67. Is 17 a factor of d?
False
Let z(p) = p + 16. Does 19 divide z(3)?
True
Suppose -4 = -4*s + 4*t, -3*s - 4*t + 36 = s. Suppose 5*o = 5*k - 4*k - 20, -4*o - 100 = -s*k. Is k a multiple of 9?
False
Let h(s) = -7*s**2 - 5*s + 9. Let c be h(-8). Does 6 divide -2*(c/(-6))/(-7)?
False
Suppose 0*b - 4*b + 5*r + 7 = 0, -b = -5*r + 2. Suppose 0 = b*c + 8 - 29. Is 7 a factor of c?
True
Suppose -12 = -5*n + 18. Suppose -n*x + 95 = -x. Does 19 divide x?
True
Let y(g) = 3*g**3 - 3*g**2 - 6*g. Let s(v) = 4*v**3 - 3*v**2 - 7*v. Let x(o) = 5*s(o) - 6*y(o). Is x(3) a multiple of 28?
True
Let t(c) = -3*c + 1. Let k(f) = -2*f. Let j(z) = 9*k(z) - 4*t(z). Let d be 2 - 10 - (1 - 1). Does 15 divide j(d)?
False
Let s(l) = l**2 + 6*l + 6. Let h be s(-4). Is 6 a factor of h/8 - 438/(-24)?
True
Let t = -4 - -6. Let j be (t - 3)*-2*1. Suppose -j*o + 23 = -3. Is 10 a factor of o?
False
Let n(q) = 9*q**3 + q**2 - 2. Let s be n(2). Suppose 5*c = 2*d - 102, -3*d + 115 = -4*c - 24. Let x = s - d. Is x a multiple of 17?
False
Suppose 5*z = 3*z - 26. Let d be z/((-3)/3) - 2. Is 6 a factor of d + 4/((-12)/9)?
False
Let f(p) = p**3 - 4*p**2 + 5*p - 5. Let n be f(4). Let i = 11 + n. Is 11 a factor of i?
False
Let j(z) = -z**3 + 6*z**2 - 5*z - 5. Let q be j(5). Let b = 8 + q. Suppose -u + 0*u + 13 = b*p, -4*p + 3*u + 39 = 0. Is p a multiple of 3?
True
Let n(y) = -y**2 + 5*y - 5. Let z(x) = x**2 + 5*x - 2. Let u be z(-6). Let w be n(u). Let g = w - -6. Is 2 a factor of g?
False
Let w(s) = 10*s**2 + 5*s - 19. Does 14 divide w(3)?
False
Let b be -5*(0 + -1) - 1. Suppose 0 = c - 4*m - 52, 2*c + c + b*m = 76. Is (27/4)/(6/c) a multiple of 18?
True
Let u = 86 + -60. Is 11 a factor of u?
False
Let f = 46 + -26. Does 13 divide f?
False
Suppose -f - 4*f = -65. Does 4 divide f?
False
Let d = -3 + 5. Suppose -3*f + 32 = -d*f. Does 14 divide f?
False
Suppose -2*f = -0*f - 142. Let i = 103 - f. Is i a multiple of 8?
True
Let i(a) = 3*a - 34. Let k(c) = c - 11. Let u(s) = 4*i(s) - 14*k(s). Let p(o) = -o + 1. Let l(m) = -3*p(m) + u(m). Is 9 a factor of l(0)?
False
Let a(h) = h**3 - h**2 + h + 20. Let y be 0/(3*1/3). Is a(y) a multiple of 10?
True
Let k be (-4 + 12)*(-2)/(-4). Suppose 5*n = k*n + 10. Is 10 a factor of n?
True
Let r(f) = 7*f**2 - f + 4 - f**3 + 2*f + 3. Let y = -9 + 15. Does 13 divide r(y)?
False
Let j(k) = -k**3 + 3*k**2 - 2. Let t be j(2). Suppose i + 58 = t*i - u, -2*i - 5*u = -130. Is 20 a factor of i?
True
Suppose -181 + 1441 = 12*v. Is v a multiple of 15?
True
Let z(g) = -g**3 - 5*g**2 - 8 - 4*g - g**3 + 3*g**3. Let w be z(6). Does 11 divide (3 + -14)*(2 - w)?
True
Let p(k) = 4*k**2 + 15*k - 2. Let u(d) = 5*d**2 + 16*d - 1. Let f(a) = 6*p(a) - 5*u(a). Is 14 a factor of f(6)?
False
Suppose j + j - 4*y = 126, -2*y = j - 71. Is 20 a factor of j?
False
Suppose -9*x = -2748 + 381. Is 43 a factor of x?
False
Suppose -o - 3 - 3 = -4*c, c = -5*o + 12. Suppose o*a + 0*a - 3*u = 4, 0 = -4*a - 3*u + 26. Is 2 a factor of a?
False
Let u(h) = 2*h + 9. Suppose 4 + 56 = 4*s. Is u(s) a multiple of 14?
False
Let n be 33/(-11) + (0 - -9). Suppose 0 = -u + 2*z + n, -5*u - 2*z + 30 = -24. Is 3 a factor of u?
False
Suppose 0 = -3*y + 2*r + 767, 0*r - 2*r = 3*y - 763. Suppose -4*k + y = -33. Is 18 a factor of k?
True
Let j be (10/2)/(-1 + 2). Suppose d + 11 = j*d - k, 3*d + 5*k = -9. Suppose -110 = -3*n - d*n. Is n a multiple of 10?
False
Let w(s) = 3 + 3*s**2 - 4*s**2 + 1. Let l be w(0). Does 11 divide -11*((-6)/(-3) - l)?
True
Suppose 3*r + 200 = 8*r. Suppose -4*j + 3*j - 22 = 0. Let i = j + r. Is 10 a factor of i?
False
Suppose 3*f = 4*f - 17. Is 10 a factor of f?
False
Suppose 0 = -2*k - 0*k. Suppose 5*h = f + 3, k = 5*f - 3*h - 9 - 64. Is 9 a factor of f?
False
Let f(d) = -d**2 - 17*d + 4. Is f(-15) a multiple of 17?
True
Let n(u) = u**3 - 3*u**2 + 1. Let y be n(1). Does 20 divide y/(-2) + (-553)/(-14)?
True
Let y be (-10)/(-4)*12/10. Suppose 2*w = 5*m - 147, -m + 11 = y*w - 15. Is m a multiple of 10?
False
Let h(w) = -w**3 + 11*w**2 - 9*w - 14. Let q be h(10). Is 7 a factor of (42/2)/(5 + q)?
True
Let a = 100 + -83. Is 8 a factor of a?
False
Suppose 0 = 3*v - 16 - 2. Let i(m) = -8*m**2 + 7*m + 1. Let t(w) = -w**2 + w. Let o(l) = v*t(l) - i(l). Is 6 a factor of o(-3)?
False
Let j = 4 + -4. Suppose 0*q - q = -4*a + 18, 5*q + 10 = j. Is 14 a factor of -36*(a/(-3))/2?
False
Let h = 15 + -7. Let b(j) = 2*j**2 - 12*j + 11. Is 15 a factor of b(h)?
False
Suppose 29*f - 37*f + 784 = 0. Is 5 a factor of f?
False
Suppose 9*p - 28 = 7*p. Is p a multiple of 5?
False
Suppose 9*j - 10*j = -38. Does 19 divide j?
True
Let h(u) = -u**2 + 14*u + 1. Let z(f) = -3*f - 1. Let s be z(-4). Is h(s) a multiple of 17?
True
Let u = -4 - -4. Suppose 0 = 5*m - 2*f - 152, 132 = 4*m + f - u*f. Suppose -7*a + c = -3*a - 50, m = 3*a + 2*c. Is 9 a factor of a?
False
Suppose -4*w + 9 = 3*i, 3*i + 5*w - 9 = -0*w. Is 4 a factor of (i - (2 + 2)) + 16?
False
Let k(d) = -2*d - 6. Let x be k(-4). Suppose 0*o + x*o - 60 = 0. Suppose -3*h + o = 2*h. Does 6 divide h?
True
Let q be 10/15 - 620/(-6). Suppose 5*z + 23 = p - 28, -4*p - 5*z + q = 0. Is 10 a factor of p?
False
Suppose g + 2*g = 18. Let k = 5 - g. Does 19 divide (-3 - -2)*k + 18?
True
Suppose 3*m - 4*m = -106. Suppose -4*k + m = -2*p, 0 = k + p + 4*p + 1. Does 8 divide k?
True
Let r be 958/5 - 12/(-30). Is r/18*63/12 a multiple of 14?
True
Let j(d) be the third derivative of -d**4/4 - d**3/6 + 2*d**2. Let p be j(-1). Let q = p - 2. Does 2 divide q?
False
Suppose 4*r - r = 9. Let n = 23 + -10. Suppose r*s - 65 = n. Does 9 divide s?
False
Let j(o) = -23*o + 2. Let q be j(-6). Suppose -3*d - q = -8*d. Suppose d = g + s, -3*s - 10 + 62 = 2*g. Is g a multiple of 16?
True
Suppose i + 2*i = 0. Suppose u - 18 = 3*h - h, -3*u + 3*h + 51 = i. Does 7 divide u?
False
Let y = -1 + -3. Is (y*3)/(4/(-14)) a multiple of 14?
True
Let n be 1/(((-3)/12)/1). Let d(x) = x**2 - 2*x - 2. Does 11 divide d(n)?
True
Let x(k) = 6*k**3 + 7*k**2 + 3*k + 2. Let d(z) = -7*z**3 - 8*z**2 - 4*z - 3. Let j(c) = 4*d(c) + 5*x(c). Is 12 | 2023-11-19T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7291 |
Advances in treatment for neurotrophic keratopathy.
To review the clinical characteristics and possible new mode of treatments for the corneal epithelial disorders associated with neurotrophic keratopathy. The successful clinical applications of eyedrops containing substance P and insulin-like growth factor-1, or peptides derived therefrom, were reported for the treatment of humans with neurotrophic keratopathy. Neurotrophic keratopathy, a degenerative disease of the cornea, is caused by an impairment of function of the trigeminal nerve and an insufficient supply of neural factors. The combination of substance P, a sensory neurotransmitter, and insulin-like growth factor-1 induced a synergistic stimulatory effect on corneal epithelial migration as well as on corneal wound closure in vivo. We discuss the roles of growth factors and substance P, a sensory neurotransmitter released from the trigeminal nerve, in corneal epithelial wound healing as well as the clinical application of these molecules to the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy. | 2024-02-08T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/6248 |
azimuth
azimuth (ăzˈəməth) [key], in astronomy, one coordinate in the altazimuth coordinate system. It is the angular distance of a body measured westward along the celestial horizon from the observer's south point. | 2023-09-01T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4533 |
Arnold Schwarzenneger and Maria Shriver were married in 1986. Who says Leo (a Fire Sign) and Scorpio (a Water Sign) don't mix. They make wonderful steam together! Arnold and Maria have four children, two girls, 12 and 14, and two boys 6 and 10. This dynamic twosome reveals powerful Starmatch Scores.
The amazing Starmatch System calculates both your Astrological Compatibility (Starmatch®) and your Personal Profile Compatibility (Lifematch®). Your Ratings with each Member are weighted on a Scale from 1 to 10 (-1.0 being the lowest Score and 11.0 being the highest). A Starmatch or Lifematch Rating of 5.0 is regarded as Average, a Rating of 7.0 is considered Medium-High, and 9.0 or greater is a Very High Rating.
Read all about the Astrological Compatibility for Arnold Schwarzenneger and Maria Shriver for the Report Category you have chosen below.
BUSINESS REPORT FOR ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER AND MARIA SHRIVER
BUSINESS HARMONY INDEX = 8.0
You have 10 positive and 6 minor positive aspects. There are 3 difficult and 7 minor negative aspects.
Saturn conjunctions between business associates could be good if they are involved in science, economics, or business activity requiring detailed work. However this conjunction would be more likely to promote serious or somber moods rather than light hearted ones.
It will be fun and pleasant to do business operations together. Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver will get along well together in an easy, light-hearted fashion. If there are other tensions in the relationship, this aspect will serve as a buffer for them.
This aspect forms a natural polarity of the creative and receptive principles. Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver will be very good friends, and will have a powerful creative dynamic between them. This partnership will be lively!
Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver will have a tendency to create wonderful but impractical schemes. They would each support one another's fantasies and probably have a great time, but nothing much would come of it.
Maria Shriver and Arnold Schwarzenegger will jump with this aspect. Maria Shriver will have the energy to put into action any great ideas that Arnold Schwarzenegger comes up with. The partners may get a lot of good work done together that singly would not happen.
Maria Shriver will have an appreciation for Arnold Schwarzenegger's skills and abilities. If Arnold Schwarzenegger can take the lead, Maria Shriver will naturally follow. There will be mutual appreciation. Between the sexes this aspect can create some sexual attraction.
Maria Shriver would make a good manager for Arnold Schwarzenegger. Arnold Schwarzenegger's skills and abilities could be put good use by Maria Shriver. Maria Shriver's calmness and discipline will be a good influence for Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Arnold Schwarzenegger will harmonize with Maria Shriver's personality. The partners will enjoy being together in social situations.
AREAS OF POTENTIAL FRICTION
Squares are like weeds in a garden. A few are okay and may even be attractive, but if left unattended, they can grow tall and choke out the flowers and edible vegetables. By recognizing them early, you can limit their growth.
Two people in business might have some conflicts over leadership, or it could be that you would just have different religious interests, in which case it probably wouldn't matter as far as business activities are concerned.
Maria Shriver will not be able to work well with Arnold Schwarzenegger, who may be too restrictive, or critical. Arnold Schwarzenegger may always be finding fault or putting a damper on Maria Shriver's easy going, light hearted manner. This is definitely not good for business associations.
There will likely be some disagreements with this square. Arnold Schwarzenegger will believe that Maria Shriver is too erratic or fidgety to ever get any good work done. Even if nothing overt occurs, there may be a vague feeling of irritation between Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver.
This is not a good combination for realistic planning in business affairs. The partners may tend to gloss over details and be unwilling to do the actual work involved. There may be differences in preferred social activities, in politics, and general outlooks.
Arnold Schwarzenegger will not find Maria Shriver receptive to what Arnold Schwarzenegger feels deeply are wonderful ideas and inspirations. Arnold Schwarzenegger may berate Maria Shriver or try to take charge of him or her. This is not a good combination for business partners as there can often be disagreement over financial matters.
Arnold Schwarzenegger will be focused on work and Maria Shriver will seem changeable or uninterested in working. The timing will be off. Maria Shriver won't help or support Arnold Schwarzenegger's hard working, restrictive, somber, moods. This square will be difficult for business associates; Arnold Schwarzenegger may stifle Maria Shriver, or be constantly critical. The two of you probably won't be able to do any serious work together without some amount of emotional tension.
Business partners with this square may argue, if not audibly, internally. They are apt to have different goals or ideas of what they want. They will be pulling in different directions. This will be okay if they are willing to let one another go their own way, or if their personal aims are not directly related to their business interests.
Arnold Schwarzenegger will not be able to work well with Maria Shriver, who may be too restrictive, or critical. Maria Shriver may always be finding fault or putting a damper on Arnold Schwarzenegger's easy going, light hearted manner. This is definitely not good for business associations.
STARMATCH INTERNATIONAL provides compelling and remarkably accurate Astrology Dating and Relating Features and Advice, Horoscopes and Relationship Answers for its Members throughout the World in more than 180 countries.
Astrology, Astrology Dating and Compatibility Horoscopes have been combined by the World's top professionals to deliver a World-Class environment for Starmatch International Members. | 2023-09-04T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/1051 |
Acute ethanol poisonings during the New Year's Eve party "95/'96 in Kraków.
Distilled spirits are the major source of ethanol consumption in Poland. Such concentrated alcohol is drunk quickly, especially in teenager groups who consider consumption of 250 or 500 ml of vodka during one hour or one hour and half as quite normal. For two years the New Years Eve party has been celebrated in the Main Market Square in Kraków. In 1995 unfavourable weather conditions had been observed for at least 14 days before the New Year's Eve night. During that night only 15 people-participants of the party were admitted to the Department of Toxicology. The aim of this study is to present the cases of poisoned people with ethanol during the last night of the year 1995. All the patients were young (10 poisoned patients were below 17 years of age), considerably low body temperature, and relatively low coma grade. 80% of the patients were admitted between 0:00 and 5:00 a.m. after 200 minutes since the moment they started to drink alcohol. Blood ethanol concentration ranged from 1.2 to 4.23 g/L and serum osmolality from 338 to 440 mOsm/kg H2O. Both ethanol concentration and serum osmolality progressively rose reaching the highest values in the group of patient with III coma degree (p < 0.001). All the cases of acute ethanol poisoning presented in the study had a good outcome, as patient were admitted at the Clinic in relatively short time after symptoms of poisoning have occurred. | 2024-07-24T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/2440 |
"With honey bees the toxic dose (LD50) of the venom is estimated to be 8.6 stings per pound of body weight."
I hate yellow jackets. They fly too fast to swat out of the air, they're aggressive, they'll follow you at least 100', and if you try to pick them up by pinching their wings together you'll likely get stung because they are very flexible at the waist.
But, here's a trick.
I was at an outside table in a restaurant, and for some reason there were yellow jackets attracted to the table surface.
You simply cover them with a paper napkin and they become helpless.
Their stinger always points down, so with the tip of one finger you can crunch them or kill them, your choice.
If you crunch them, they spend the rest of the day repairing circuitry, fixing vexing software errors, trying to get new parts, etc., so they are pretty well occupied with internal matters. Or they just croak
Yellow jackets are supposedly the only bees that are attracted to food.
The day that my two little guys got stung last year, I called a pest control company to come out and spray. Just to make sure they knew what kind of pest they were looking for, I caught one and put it in a ziploc baggie. Then I hung it on the fridge with a magnet so it wouldn't get lost.
A few hours later, the older boy (11) walked up to it and picked it up. It stung his finger through the bag. That made the 3rd bee sting for him that day.
For a long term wipeout, you may need to bate them. Borax, tuna and apple juice fermenting outside near their nest with a few drops of dish detergent. You can google this mixture under home made wasp traps.
Put it in a jug with an inverted pop (soda) bottle top.... as in a funnel shaped . They fly in for the scent and die, in volume, kamikaze style. They follow the rotting tuna and the juice baking in the sun, but you won`t smell it. That is why they are dive bombing outdoor garbage cans at playgrounds and BBQs.
If you opt for torch tag, remember you are outnumbered. I would spray bomb into the opening at night when they are dormant. Most wasp spray has a long tragectory for a guy with nerves of steel or chainmail underwear
Heck, We had an ongoing war with them when we lived in Oklahoma. If you try anything with the nest, you durn better make sure you get them all or they will chase you into the next county!
We moved. Okay, that wasn't the only reason we moved but I am glad to get away from them.
In my area they build a tunnel a foot or so long that leads to an underground chamber the size of a volleyball, so most the gasoline just burns in the tunnel and doesn't really affect their "homeland."
In my area they build a tunnel a foot or so long that leads to an underground chamber the size of a volleyball, so most the gasoline just burns in the tunnel and doesn't really affect their "homeland."
I think they need to take a course in anger management.
Yeah, but with gasoline burning for 15 minutes I've yet to see any survive. They need to beathe too
In my area they build a tunnel a foot or so long that leads to an underground chamber the size of a volleyball, so most the gasoline just burns in the tunnel and doesn't really affect their "homeland."
I'm surprised you don't have a flame thrower.
Best cure for a wasp sting, put mud on it. It is readily available and the mud acts as a drawing salve to remove the toxin and stinger. | 2024-04-17T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5319 |
Five instruments from the Rosetta Spacecraft reveal the eruption of jets of dust on 67P/Chruyumov-Gerasimenko.
The impressive jets of dust that comets emit into space during their journey around the Sun are not driven solely by the sublimation of frozen water. In some cases further processes augment the outbreaks. Possible scenarios include the release of pressurized gas stored below the surface or the conversion of one kind of frozen water into an energetically more favourable one. These are the findings of a study headed by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research who examined a dust jet from Rosetta’s comet 67P/Chruyumov-Gerasimenko that occurred last year.
When the Sun rose over the Imhotep region of Rosetta’s comet on July 3, 2016, everything was just right: As the surface warmed and began to emit dust into space, Rosetta’s trajectory led the probe right through the cloud. At the same time, the view of the scientific camera system OSIRIS coincidentally focused precisely on the surface region of the comet from which the fountain originated. A total of five instruments on board the probe were able to document the outburst in the following hours.
“This was an amazing stroke of luck. It is impossible to plan something like this”, says Jessica Agarwal of the MPS, head of the study. After all, outbursts of dust usually appear without any prior warning. Therefore, most events like this one witnessed by Rosetta during its more than two-year stay at the comet, could only be recorded by a single instrument from afar. In the rare cases in which Rosetta serendipitously flew through the dust jet, images of the crucial spot on the comet’s surface are missing. “From the extensive measurement data of July 3, 2016, we were able to reconstruct the progress and the characteristics of the outburst as detailed as never before,” says Agarwal.
The two in-situ instruments GIADA (Grain Impact Analyzer and Dust Accumulator) and COSIMA (Cometary Secondary Ion Mass Analyzer) captured individual dust particles from the jet and were able to determine velocities, sizes and average densities of the particles. “This is the first time that COSIMA has been able to help characterize a specific dust jet”, explains Sihane Merouane from MPS, member of the COSIMA team. Because the instrument often collects particles for several weeks, it is difficult to assign them to one particular event. The COSIMA data suggest that the particles from the jet break more easily than the otherwise captured cometary material. “They must either be very fast or relatively loosely built,” says MPS researcher Martin Hilchenbach, Principal Investigator of the COSIMA team.
In addition, the spectrograph Alice was able to track the increase in brightness due to the dust outburst and detected tiny ice particles in the cloud. Even one of the star sensors from Rosetta, which serve to determine the spacecraft’s position in space, contributed a piece to the puzzle: Shortly after the outburst began, the star tracker recorded an increase in the radiation intensity from the cometary coma and recorded how this developed over the next hours.
“The unique aspect about the event of 3 July, 2016 are the high-resolution images of the surface,” says MPS-scientist Holger Sierks, OSIRIS Principal Investigator. The researchers made out a circular area of about ten meters in diameter within a depression as the starting point of the jet. As the analysis of the OSIRIS data show, this area contains frozen water at the surface.
In general, scientists assume that frozen gases on a comet’s surface, such as water, are responsible for dust production. Under the influence of the Sun, these substances pass directly into the gaseous state; the gas streaming into space entrains dust particles with it and thus produces the visible jets. Often these occur shortly after sunrise.
However, the current study shows that this process alone cannot explain the event of July 3, 2016. With a dust production of approximately 18 kilograms per second, the jet is a lot “dustier” than conventional models predict. “An additional energetic process must be at play – energy must have been released from beneath the surface to support the plume”, says Agarwal.
It is conceivable, for example, that under the surface of the comet there are cavities filled with compressed gas. Upon sunrise, the radiation begins to warm the overlying surface, cracks develop and the gas escapes. According to another theory, deposits of amorphous ice beneath the surface play a decisive role. In this type of frozen water, the individual molecules are not aligned in a lattice-like structure, as is customary in the case of crystalline ice, but arranged in a far more disorderly fashion. Since the crystalline state is energetically more favorable, energy is released during the transition from amorphous to crystalline ice. Energy input through sunlight can start this transformation. Exactly which process took place on 3 July of last year is still unclear. | 2024-07-20T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/5976 |
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace Tests\FrontendApiBundle\Functional\Article;
use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
use Shopsys\FrameworkBundle\Model\Article\Article;
use Tests\FrontendApiBundle\Test\GraphQlTestCase;
class GetArticleTest extends GraphQlTestCase
{
/**
* @var \Shopsys\FrameworkBundle\Model\Article\ArticleFacade
* @inject
*/
private $articleFacade;
public function testGetArticle(): void
{
foreach ($this->getArticleDataProvider() as $dataSet) {
[$uuid, $expectedArticleData] = $dataSet;
$graphQlType = 'article';
$response = $this->getResponseContentForQuery($this->getArticleQuery($uuid));
$this->assertResponseContainsArrayOfDataForGraphQlType($response, $graphQlType);
$responseData = $this->getResponseDataForGraphQlType($response, $graphQlType);
$this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $responseData);
$this->assertSame($expectedArticleData['name'], $responseData['name']);
$this->assertArrayHasKey('placement', $responseData);
$this->assertSame($expectedArticleData['placement'], $responseData['placement']);
}
}
public function testGetArticleReturnsError(): void
{
$article = $this->getArticleOnDifferentDomain();
$expectedErrorMessage = 'Article with UUID \'' . $article->getUuid() . '\' not found.';
$response = $this->getResponseContentForQuery($this->getArticleQuery($article->getUuid()));
$this->assertResponseContainsArrayOfErrors($response);
$errors = $this->getErrorsFromResponse($response);
$this->assertArrayHasKey(0, $errors);
$this->assertArrayHasKey('message', $errors[0]);
$this->assertSame($expectedErrorMessage, $errors[0]['message']);
}
public function testGetSpecialArticle(): void
{
foreach ($this->getSpecialArticleDataProvider() as $dataSet) {
[$graphQlType, $expectedData] = $dataSet;
$response = $this->getResponseContentForQuery($this->getSpecialArticleQuery($graphQlType));
$this->assertResponseContainsArrayOfDataForGraphQlType($response, $graphQlType);
$responseData = $this->getResponseDataForGraphQlType($response, $graphQlType);
$this->assertArrayHasKey('uuid', $responseData);
$this->assertTrue(Uuid::isValid($responseData['uuid']));
$this->assertKeysAreSameAsExpected(
[
'name',
'placement',
'text',
'seoH1',
'seoTitle',
'seoMetaDescription',
],
$responseData,
$expectedData
);
}
}
/**
* @param array $keys
* @param array $actual
* @param array $expected
*/
private function assertKeysAreSameAsExpected(array $keys, array $actual, array $expected): void
{
foreach ($keys as $key) {
$this->assertArrayHasKey($key, $actual);
$this->assertSame($expected[$key], $actual[$key]);
}
}
/**
* @return array
*/
private function getArticleDataProvider(): array
{
$data = [];
$articleIds = [1, 2, 3];
foreach ($articleIds as $articleId) {
$article = $this->articleFacade->getById($articleId);
$data[] = [
$article->getUuid(),
[
'name' => $article->getName(),
'placement' => $article->getPlacement(),
],
];
}
return $data;
}
/**
* @return array
*/
private function getSpecialArticleDataProvider(): array
{
$firstDomainLocale = $this->getLocaleForFirstDomain();
return [
[
'termsAndConditionsArticle',
[
'name' => t('Terms and conditions', [], 'dataFixtures', $firstDomainLocale),
'placement' => Article::PLACEMENT_FOOTER,
'text' => t(
'Morbi posuere mauris dolor, quis accumsan dolor ullamcorper eget. Phasellus at elementum magna, et pretium neque. Praesent tristique lorem mi, eget varius quam aliquam eget. Vivamus ultrices interdum nisi, sed placerat lectus fermentum non. Phasellus ac quam vitae nisi aliquam vestibulum. Sed rhoncus tortor a arcu sagittis placerat. Nulla lectus nunc, ultrices ac faucibus sed, accumsan nec diam. Nam auctor neque quis tincidunt tempus. Nunc eget risus tristique, lobortis metus vitae, pellentesque leo. Vivamus placerat turpis ac dolor vehicula tincidunt. Sed venenatis, ante id ultrices convallis, lacus elit porttitor dolor, non porta risus ipsum ac justo. Integer id pretium quam, id placerat nulla.',
[],
'dataFixtures',
$firstDomainLocale
),
'seoH1' => null,
'seoTitle' => null,
'seoMetaDescription' => null,
],
],
[
'privacyPolicyArticle',
[
'name' => t('Privacy policy', [], 'dataFixtures', $firstDomainLocale),
'placement' => Article::PLACEMENT_NONE,
'text' => t(
'Morbi posuere mauris dolor, quis accumsan dolor ullamcorper eget. Phasellus at elementum magna, et pretium neque. Praesent tristique lorem mi, eget varius quam aliquam eget. Vivamus ultrices interdum nisi, sed placerat lectus fermentum non. Phasellus ac quam vitae nisi aliquam vestibulum. Sed rhoncus tortor a arcu sagittis placerat. Nulla lectus nunc, ultrices ac faucibus sed, accumsan nec diam. Nam auctor neque quis tincidunt tempus. Nunc eget risus tristique, lobortis metus vitae, pellentesque leo. Vivamus placerat turpis ac dolor vehicula tincidunt. Sed venenatis, ante id ultrices convallis, lacus elit porttitor dolor, non porta risus ipsum ac justo. Integer id pretium quam, id placerat nulla.',
[],
'dataFixtures',
$firstDomainLocale
),
'seoH1' => null,
'seoTitle' => null,
'seoMetaDescription' => null,
],
],
[
'cookiesArticle',
[
'name' => t('Information about cookies', [], 'dataFixtures', $firstDomainLocale),
'placement' => Article::PLACEMENT_NONE,
'text' => t(
'Morbi posuere mauris dolor, quis accumsan dolor ullamcorper eget. Phasellus at elementum magna, et pretium neque. Praesent tristique lorem mi, eget varius quam aliquam eget. Vivamus ultrices interdum nisi, sed placerat lectus fermentum non. Phasellus ac quam vitae nisi aliquam vestibulum. Sed rhoncus tortor a arcu sagittis placerat. Nulla lectus nunc, ultrices ac faucibus sed, accumsan nec diam. Nam auctor neque quis tincidunt tempus. Nunc eget risus tristique, lobortis metus vitae, pellentesque leo. Vivamus placerat turpis ac dolor vehicula tincidunt. Sed venenatis, ante id ultrices convallis, lacus elit porttitor dolor, non porta risus ipsum ac justo. Integer id pretium quam, id placerat nulla.',
[],
'dataFixtures',
$firstDomainLocale
),
'seoH1' => null,
'seoTitle' => null,
'seoMetaDescription' => null,
],
],
];
}
/**
* @param string $uuid
* @return string
*/
private function getArticleQuery(string $uuid): string
{
return '
{
article (uuid:"' . $uuid . '") {
name
placement
}
}
';
}
/**
* @param string $specialArticle
* @return string
*/
private function getSpecialArticleQuery(string $specialArticle): string
{
return '
{
' . $specialArticle . ' {
uuid
name
placement
text
seoH1
seoTitle
seoMetaDescription
}
}
';
}
/**
* @return \Shopsys\FrameworkBundle\Model\Article\Article
*/
private function getArticleOnDifferentDomain(): Article
{
return $this->articleFacade->getById(6);
}
}
| 2023-10-21T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3356 |
Q:
What is the classification difference between these Russian Hazmat suits?
While watching the latest season of Stranger Things, I noticed during episode 3.05 or 3.06 that some of Russian scientist working on their 'plasma blaster' (energy source to open the gate) are running around with two different colored hazmat suits; one burgundy, and one is pewter-grey.
(Thank You, Joachim for the Screencap!)
Seemingly these are classifications of some sort, but what exactly do the different colors represent?
A:
I haven't seen season 3 (yet), but I did capture two moments in S03E05 (towards the end) and E06 (at the very beginning):
In this second shot, it becomes more obvious that the white hazmat suits are actually grey (the two guys in the center are wearing the suits with the masks taken off):
I think the different colours could simply indicate levels of protection:
source
Here, grey and burgundy are at the extremes on both sides, which doesn't make sense in the scene of Stranger Things, as people clad in both colours are working in the exact same environment, their suits being visually completely similar.
The only remarkable difference - apart from the colour - is that the burgundies are the only ones interacting directly with the plasma gun.
I believe therefore, that the colours must be either indicators of levels of proficiency or specialisations.
| 2023-08-26T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/7413 |
The use of psychotropic medication in patients referred to a psycho-oncology service.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of psychotropic medication in patients referred to a psycho-oncology service. While depressive disorders and psychological difficulties are being increasingly recognised in oncology patients, the use of psychotropic medication has not been frequently studied, nor has it been studied in patients who are subsequently referred for psychiatric assessment. The use of psychotropic medication in all patients referred to a psycho-oncology service over a 6-month period was examined prospectively. Details recorded included class of psychotropic medication used and by whom it was prescribed. Demographic details and clinical diagnoses were also recorded. Sixty-three patients were referred over the initial 6 months of the service and the majority had advanced or metastatic disease (62%). Clinically, 44.5% had some form of major psychiatric disorder, and 40% had an adjustment disorder. Over half (55.5%) were already on psychotropic medication at referral; mainly minor tranquillisers (51%) and antidepressants (24%); 22% were on more than one drug. Of those medications prescribed pre-referral, 46% had been prescribed by the oncology team and 31% were from the GP. Following psychiatric review, further medication was prescribed in 30% of the subjects, leaving a total of 79% on some form of psychotropic drug. While the overall psychotropic prescribing and the use of minor tranquillisers appears to be similar to those found in earlier studies, the high rate of use of antidepressants suggests psychological distress is being increasingly recognised, and pharmacotherapy is a commonly used strategy in this group. | 2024-03-06T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4995 |
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That's only because the WBC protests the funerals of soldiers, while the KKK is "pro-troops". The KKK is still very bigoted, and does NOT support equality for gay people or anyone who isn't White European.
I would have had no interest in the scandal at all if it wasn't for Carlos Danger. This is a man who really took his game to the next level. His dick pic sexting slut game. You gotta admire a person who has found their calling.
The problem here is all these folks are nothing more than self-serving attention whores. They will happily say things like this when they need to get their names in the headlines in order to make themselves money.
And why doesn't the GOP have an answer to Obamacare? Because it's their fucking plan from the 90's. They're only against it because Obama was the one to push it through. If it was one of their own, they'd be having a bukkake party right now on it.
From a purely strategic standpoint it makes sense. Republicans are going to have to do at least a moderate swing back to center due to the backlash from senate stagnation being put on them. Newt's just trying to get in front of the pivot.
The next couple of election cycles, when the tea partiers are up for re-election, should prove pretty interesting.
Problem is that most of the tea-partiers are in Gerrymandered districts. Throw in the fact that, in all honesty, they're actually doing EXACTLY what they were elected to do (stop Obama at all costs), and I think their re-election bids aren't as troubled as you'd think as someone who didn't vote for them in the first place.
As Someone who lives part time I'm one of those districts, you are exactly right. Every week at church and in town there are positions for the state to withdraw from obamacare etc. Those officials will be reelected.
The real issue is A) Gerrymandering and B) Our Political Primary process.
Gerrymandering ensures that a Republican will take that seat, and the political primary process is so closed that all you really need to do to win that seat is not to appeal to the general populous, but to appeal very well to the sort of people that vote in Republican primaries, which tend to be the very 'conservative' hyper-partisan 'base.' The house isn't being rescued from the Tea Party until the entire system is reworked or the entire movement breathes its last. The fact that all they accomplish while in office is passing bills that will never become law and blocking any bill that might is irrelevant if all the voters back home care about is that the other side doesn't get THEIR way either.
political primary process is so closed that all you really need to do to win that seat is not to appeal to the general populous, but to appeal very well to the sort of people that vote in Republican primaries
That's the people's own fault though. At most all you have to do is register republican or democrat to vote in the primaries which is very easy to do, and for many states you don't have to even do that.
It's not like registering republican or democrat is signing your life away or anything. It just puts your address on a few mailing lists. Just don't give them a spam email address or no email address at all and you'll be able to vote in the primaries, which is honestly as important as the election itself.
No, that isn't good enough to fix gerrymandering, which manipulates the legislators and districts artificially to serve the party. It's possible, thanks to gerrymandering, for a state with their population split evenly down party lines to wind up with a predominately republican or democrat legislature.
Florida is a great example of it. Every presidential election has been pretty close for the state, yet the legislature is predominately republican.
I don't disagree, but those districts don't perform in a vacuum. I'm pretty new to the strategy side of politics, so this might all be off completely, but it seems like for all the good they do in their district they also polarize other volatile districts. The fact that they are up for re-election is just fodder for the larger campaign.
Like I said, I'm new to this, but I'd wager this marijuana legalization is a push towards a running platform for the democratic party during the next couple of cycles, while the republican party will continue to experiment with slightly more liberal, and more 'hit or miss', policy platforms.
They don't care about those districts. The power is in the house. The house only has to convince the district, the district believes that working with Obama is supporting terrorist and raping small puppies. Queue the race to be the craziest. This is the trap they are in. To get on the ballot you have to show you super republican and sound crazy, sound crazy and you only can win a district but nothing national or state wide, like Pres, or senate.
Gingrich is sleazy as shit, but most of the time, the guy keeps it real and says it like it is. Sometimes his opinions are idiotic, but the guy has more balls and more realistic goals than all his party combined.
I would flip your comment around. He is occasionally very frank and honest. Most of the time he is just an egotistical ass with the same perspective as the rest of the GOP. He is constantly trying to figure out how he can take the same tired GOP ideas and make them seem innovative. Once in awhile he sort of breaks rank, but he always quickly returns. Like here, he's not saying that Obamacare is good -- only that they need to make up some alternative in order to sound positive (even though it would be fake).
But even then, as stupid as having a base on the moon may sound, thats the kind of talk we should be discussing to drive the world into the next era of science. More than likely, the guy wouldn't do shit in office but his moon remarks really aren't as crazy as some make it seem.
It's just that the political spectrum has shifted so far to the right, nobody notices what's actually happening here.
This is a HUGE problem in the US.
And US citizens don't seem to understand this.
The positions that are called "biased leftist" or "straight-out socialism" in the US would be called "far right" and "social darwinist" in other countries.
The left in the US is further to the right of the political spectrum than the most rightist parties in Germany (like the German republicans who are currently in power or even the fucking neonazis).
Americans also seem to be indoctrinated into a mindset that says that a "reasonable and balanced" mindset is one that considers both left and right positions and settles somewhere in the middle. It isn't.
The US population seems to have fallen completely for an increase of the Overton Window. They don't seem to understand the ridiculous amount of propaganda they are subjected to.
It's not just a US problem we're getting the same thing in Australia to as lightly lesser degree, but it's happening. A lot of it has to do with Murdoch using his ~70% media ownership to pretty blatant push his own agenda.
Yep. Ironically, it's the "bubble" fostered by right-wing radio and Fox News (Murdoch-owned, obviously) that is rallying all of the American batshit citizens into voting for these neofascist Congressmen.
To be fair, they did come up with something. It was the ACA. Then the Kenyan usurper had the audacity to support the Republican plan, so the GOP had to resort to their fall-back healthcare plan, "Just fucking die already."
But... But... Grover Norquist told me that the plan was ONLY supported by the Heritage Foundation and Bob Dole (who isn't a real Republican anyway), and no TRUE Scotsman would ever support such a thing!
If you want to encourage real competition, end the Certificate-of-Need laws. It's a scam. It's such a transparent scam that it is exactly counter to all supply and demand logic taught in every first semester econ program.
The idea that hospitals will be cheaper if they can keep all the beds full is sheer folly. That's like saying hotel rooms would be cheaper if there was only one hotel in town.
The purpose of regulation is to stop wrong-doing, so anyone opposed to it on principle looks suspicious.
If half as much effort was put into shaming those who did wrong (so that less regulation would be NEEDED) as trying to end regulation, the R position on it might be considered merely misguided instead of openly working to help corporations commit fraud or endanger lives for the chance to save a few bucks here or there.
As it is, so many Republicans won't even shake their heads in the direction of the Texas fertilizer plant. No matter how egregious the offense, the willfully-negligent business is always in the right!
I bet Hillary doesn't touch healthcare with ten foot pole if she's elected. Not after the crap she went through in the 90s and then the crap Obama has gone through with the ACA. In fact, the fact it passed is a minor miracle considering the push back we've seen every time presidents have tried to reform our healthcare system.
He's a purely self-serving attention whore who will say anything if it will get him attention, and thus money. He knows exactly what he's doing, and that simply makes his usual vile bullshit all that much more repugnant.
I've been asking this of my more conservative friends/family members for a while now. If you are intent on getting rid of the ACA, what are you going to replace it with? You can't just poof us back in time to before the law was passed. Unfortunately I don't get any answers other than Obama is a Facist Muslim and that I must really love serving my black master. Sad thing is, I'm a fairly right leaning independent, but I might as well be a flaming liberal in my state.
Let's just be clear on what "interstate competition" actually means. Currently, each state gets to regulate insurance in that state. If you live in a state with a government that vaguely serves its citizens (as opposed to being a tool of wealthy/corporate interests), then they set minimum standards for what qualifies as "health insurance" and keeps some watch on the practices of insurance companies that operate in that state.
What Republicans propose (under the Orwellian title of "interstate competition") is to allow a company operating in one state to offer insurance to customers in other states, but operating under the laws of the company's home state. In other words, insurance companies pick a state and buy it's legislature. Their pet lawmakers then write that state's laws to be whatever they want. They create a very, very low lowest denominator to operate under nationally. The market for health insurance would rush very quickly down hill, and no matter where you live in the US, you would be stuck having to buy insurance under that state's non-regulation.
You know how credit card policies and interest rates are out of control? Yeah, that's because credit card companies operate under this kind of "home state's laws" system.
Pretty fucking ironic that when a state wants to do some crazy racist stuff, then Republicans love to cheer on "states' rights", but when insurance companies want to get around the laws of responsible states, they are quick to want a federal law that would override the ability of a state to protect its citizens from being screwed over.
More like the all-credit-card-companies-are-from-South-Dakota model. Once the Supreme Court ruled that credit card rates could be governed by the issuer's state rather than the holder's state, Citibank moved its headquarters from New York to South Dakota, which has no usury laws.
You can bet your life that at least one of the 50 states has health insurance laws so unconscionable that every single insurer will have "relocated" there in a matter of months. That, or they'll let the other 49 states compete to be even worse, to entice the insurance companies there instead.
I didn't fully understand what was meant by single payer. After researching it a bit I found out that it is entirely possible for a single payer system and private insurance to coexist, so you could possibly get the best of both worlds.
So, in this system, would it be the mandate that insurance companies have to offer at least X services for at most Y money? Because I see this fostering actual competative services, afflac gives X plus an extra annual checkup, blue cross gives X but for Y minus 10 percent.
It would mean that insurance would no longer be necessary. A basic standard of healthcare would be paid for by the government (the single payer). If you wanted services above that you could have insurance to pay for it, or pay for it yourself.
I just know that in some of the socialized medicine countries, everyone is covered exactly the same. However, if you feel that you want more choice, or extra-special doctors, you can pay for it yourself (or get your "private insurance") and be on your merry way.
You want that non-emergency surgery sooner than 3 months, you can if you can pay up. Or wait and get it covered for nothing (beyond your taxes). Either way, you still get it, just not as soon as you'd "like it".
In this case, it would bring expanded coverage as well as a level of competition. Really, it's introducing free market principles on top of the somewhat socialized healthcare base. Basically, you basic single payer plan would cover the necessities. If you want, you can purchase a private plan as an add on/alternate insurance that would cover more or perhaps allow for more freedom in treatment options.
I'm not sure how good of an example that is. The nuances of health insurance are not one of my strong points.
We got such a system here in Germany. Essentially, your standard public health insurance pays for everything that is necessary to get you healthy again. There are a few co-pays, but they're not that dramatic, and capped at 2% of your yearly income, or 1% for the chronically ill.
What private insurance brings to the table is things like single or two bed rooms in a hospital (standard insurance pays for a bed in a 4 to 6 bed room), better dental options (standard health care doesn't pay for dental implants or certain advanced filler materials) and other amenities.
Sadly, some doctors are screening for the type of insurance you got, and while illegal, it still happens frequently that the schedule mysteriously opens up for people with private insurance, while people with public insurance get pushed back and have to wait a few weeks or months for treatment of non-life threatening conditions.
How quick you get that service, the environment you receive that service in, all of that stuff is on the table in the private vs public med experience. Hong Kong has a public health care, but they also have private hospitals. If you have a baby at the public hospital, the husband can't be in the room for the delivery, you're in a section of a room with 6 other beds and certain visitor hours, etc. A C-section followed by 4 days in the hospital costs you about $100 USD (and the government probably $1000 on top of that). The same procedure at a private hospital allows more freedoms, more comfort and privacy for the mother, etc. but costs about $10-12K which is often covered by private insurance. But the private hospitals don't have ICU facilities for babies, so if there's something seriously wrong, your baby is going to have to go to the public hospital anyways. Despite that, most people with means end up having their kid in the private hospital. The two systems can co-exist and it's not rocket science.
You can certainly make conservative-friendly arguments for it if you care to, though.
For example, not being dependent on an employer for your health insurance removes a disincentive for entrepreneurship. American conservatives love the rhetoric of the little guy who took a risk and made it rich through smarts and hard work.
Oh sure. But in order to make those arguments, you first have to explain to your voters how this universal health care system isn't communism, like that universal health care system over there, and how you're not really helping people who can't afford health care by taxing the rich, you're helping businesses increase their earnings...
...or, IOW, you basically have to explain away everything you (as a Republican politician) have been saying for the last thirty, forty years. I'm not saying you couldn't do it...but I am saying it'll have to be a really desperate Republican to get on that bandwagon and risk all the backlash.
I'm 35 and healthy but I know that at some point in my life I won't be. We need universal health care. If a Republican runs on that I'm voting for them because if something happens the bills will go through the roof.
I'm 30. I pay $500-800/month for prescriptions for my mother because she is destitute and would die without them. As you can imagine, I'm for not only single payer, but a non-profit drug company owned by the single payer organization to churn out cheap generics (when able) when permitted by law.
Agreed. Its like the interstate system... I personally have never traveled through Missouri on an interstate.. but I do not have a problem with some of my tax dollars going to support it...Cause.. ya know... its a society...we are supposed to work together...
That seems to be more or less the way that old people tend to be. My grandfather used to tell me to watch FOX, because they were the only ones which got things right. My dad used to be pretty skeptical, but leans further and further to the conservative end as time goes on.
I think it's because they've grown used to the status quo. They've paid taxes, lived, raised kids, and had jobs under the status quo for so long that they don't want to change it out of fear of breaking it. That's effectively what the "conservative" party stands for. No matter how broken the system is, it still works and we're still the most influential, powerful, and rich nation on the planet (no sarcasm, we really are).
The ACA didn't address the real underlying problem: we have absolutely no idea what medical care costs. There needs to be some sort of market based standardization so that we don't end up with $20 niacin tablets and procedures that cost tens of thousands more in one state than in another. And someone please explain to me why insurance companies can't compete interstate? That's the exact opposite of free market capitalism.
You know how credit card companies "compete interstate"? They all get done out of Delaware, because Delaware is the absolute friendliest state to them. Letting health insurance compete across state lines will mean that health insurance companies will pull up stakes in 49 states and go to the 1 state where legislators pass the fewest regulations.
I watched a Republican Representative talk today, and his main complaint was that the plan is too complicated and convoluted. He was on and on about sending bills to different agencies (state and federal) and to insurance companies. It's a "Rube Goldberg system". The whole thing needed to be boiled down to one place to send the bill.
When asked, he thought that was the worst thing he could mention about Obamacare.
Some one I know recently asked Sen. Ted Cruz's office if he accepted the government run health care offered to the senators and representatives. She pointed out that he had private health care before taking office and wanted to know if he discontinued that insurance in order to take the government issued insurance for the capitol hill employees. When his staffer said yes she said "Then why is he currently on TV saying that government run health care isn't a good system and that government should stay out of people's health care?". The staffer hung up on her.
My answer: Take the 2 trillion dollars spent on afganistan and Iraq and give all americans free healthcare for life
Its unbelieveable that the richest country in the world with one of the best gdp per capita and the highest tax earnings of any country can't afford to provide quality healthcare to its own citizens.
Why on earth do americans even pay taxes? Health care should be on the top of the list of things that taxes are used to pay for, not to pay for another country to be bombed.
Seriously if you really cared about 'protecting' the american people you would focus on healthcare, that would save millions of lives and result in increased productivity in the workforce and actually would net MORE tax revenue
The real issue is that they rather prefer the ACA to be supported by a Republican president, rather than a Democratic president. They're simply opposed to the bill because it came from the wrong political party.
Well last I heard Obama was the ultimate Communist Fascist, and his reviews like other almost scientific theorems criticising Obamacare, usually were condensed to the two-word kernel "BECAUSE SOCIULISM".
Yeah, here in Europe universal health care isn't that rare, so we were kind of surprised so much oppression was raised against it. I bet Newt smells that the Repubs aren't going to put the genie back in the bottle, so he might as well reap some of the rewards he utterly doesn't deserve.
I saw him in person when he was campaigning in SC. There was a lot of Newt in that very well tailored suit. Money can help minimize the visual impact, but he was huge. Also, Calista never let him out of sight.
FUCK YOU CONGRESS WE NEED UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE. this has all been a giant waste of time and effort and we Still are beholden to greedy fucked insurance companies that are for profit in an industry that SHOULD NOT BE FOR-PROFIT.
Sorry my caps lock went crazy. I've just spent the last ten years watching my sister in law lose both parents to cancer - her dad went fast and her mom is going slowly. And the shit has ruined them - and they are/were insured.
What I have heard Newt Gingrich said back in 1993, but I cannot find a direct quote source, is that he said that the Democrats passed Social Security and as a result held power for 50 years. If they pass Universal Health Care they will secure power for another 50.
This is why the Republicans are fighting it. They know that it will work, that people will benefit from it, and they will vote for those who gave it to them.
That's rich considering the Newt said the exact opposite thing when running for president. The fact of the matter is that Gingrich is a huge shill, pretty much invented modern day money-politics, and made 50 million dollars forwarding the agendas of healthcare corporations through his Center for Healthcare Transformation. He ran this center after resigning as speaker, and marketed himself as a 'consultant' with political influence. He was basically a very powerful lobbyist with a thorough knowledge of all lobbying loopholes (he even had headquarters on K St, which is the Wall St of lobbying). He helped get a massive 25 billion dollar subsidy for electronic health records into the 2009 stimulus. Electronic health records are a good thing, but whether or not they were mature enough to be implemented is debatable. The stimulus pretty much forced health providers to buy them, at a greatly inflated cost. Many parties stood to benefit from these subsidies, namely the EHR vendors, and they paid Newt a lot of money to make their dreams come true.
Anyway, EHRs got sorted, Newt made bank - and then promptly filed for bankruptcy before running for president, even though his Center for Healthcare Transformation was extraordinarily lucrative.
Inconveniently, the healthcare proposals made by Newt were at odds with the beliefs of the crazy GOP base he had to appeal to. Newt's presidential bid failed and now I guess he is back in the HC game. Newt is right, the GOP doesn't have a good, cohesive alternative to Obamacare. But I am positive that Newt supports a mandate now because insurance companies profit from increasing their customer base. Whatever republicans say, Obamacare takes the most fucked up HC payment system in the world and makes it a little bit better for consumers (us),insurance companies and providers.
We should have universal HC, or as some have proposed, free market HC. None of this third-party-payment system. Certain elements make huge profits off of this and pay crooks like Newt Gingrich to maintain the status quo or something more profitable (Obamacare). We, the people see the pinch. Hope you're all insured!
Tort reform has been tried in several states (e.g., Texas), but hasn't made a dent in healthcare costs. I don't mind conservatives making that argument, but it's always in their first three healthcare proposals when it should be thirtieth. The big savings just aren't there.
Notice his biggest complaint is the effect the anti health care dirge is having on voters, not the effect unaffordable health care is having on the less well insured. Typical self serving hogwash from a pious philanderer who divorced his first wife while she was on her deathbed so he could marry his harlot. He also helped impeach Clinton while he was breaking his marriage vows with his church going mistress Calista, the woman with the cement hairdo. | 2024-02-15T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/4164 |
The role of nitrogen and phosphorus in regulating Phormidium sp. (cyanobacteria) growth and anatoxin production.
Benthic proliferations of the cyanobacteria Phormidium can cover many kilometres of riverbed. Phormidium can produce neurotoxic anatoxins and ingestion of benthic mats has resulted in numerous animal poisonings in the last decade. Despite this, there is a poor understanding of the environmental factors regulating growth and anatoxin production. In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of two Phormidium strains (anatoxin-producing and non-anatoxin-producing) were examined in batch monocultures. Cell concentrations were significantly reduced under reduced nitrogen (ca. <0.100 mM) and phosphorus conditions (ca. <0.003 mM). Cell concentrations and maximum growth rates were higher for the non-anatoxin-producing strain in all treatments, suggesting there may be an energetic cost to toxin production. Cellular anatoxin concentrations were lowest (169 fg cell(-1)) under the high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus treatment. This supports the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis that suggests actively dividing and expanding cells are less likely to produce secondary-metabolites. Anatoxin quota was highest (>407 fg cell(-1)) in the reduced phosphorus treatments, possibly suggesting that it is produced as a stress response to growth limiting conditions. In all treatments there was a 4-5-fold increase in anatoxin quota in the lag growth phase, possibly indicating it may provide a physiological benefit during initial substrate colonization. | 2023-12-15T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3915 |
Biochemistry and the Machinery of Life
Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of chemistry. Biochemists have to understand both the living world and the chemical world. Even if you don’t want to become a biochemist, you'll still have to understand atoms and molecules as a biologist. You'll also have to know about organic chemistry; a much bigger area of chemistry.
The key thing to remember is that biochemistry is the chemistry of the living world. Plants, animals, and single-celled organisms all use the same basic chemical compounds to live their lives. Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms. It's about the smallest parts of those organisms, the molecules. It's also about the cycles that create those biological compounds.
Repeating Biochemical Cycles
You can probably guess that biochemical cycles repeat over and over. Those cycles allow living creatures to survive on Earth. It could be the constant process of photosynthesis that creates sugars in plants or building complex proteins in the cells of your body. Also, cycles rely on enzymes and other proteins to move the atoms and molecules. Understanding the helper molecules is as important as learning about the cycles themselves.
Every cycle has a place, and each one is just a small piece that helps an organism survive. In each cycle, molecules are used as reactants and then transformed into products. Life is one big network of activity where each piece relies on all of the others. A compound, such as an herbicide, may only break one part of one cycle in a plant. However, because everything needs to work together, the whole plant eventually dies. Environmental chemists look at the way chemical compounds affect living things and the world around you.
Start with the Basics
We may have been talking about cycles to this point. However, we think it's important that you understand the different types of molecules you will find in biochemistry. We aren't going to go into the citric acid cycle and its ten steps. We won't even look at the eleven steps involved in the breakdown of glucose. At your level of understanding, it's enough to know the difference between a steroid, an amino acid, and a carbohydrate. There will be plenty of time for you to memorize the pathways and the movement of molecules during each step of a cycle. | 2024-02-20T01:26:57.367551 | https://example.com/article/3827 |
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