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An 18-year-old hacker was referred to prosecutors in the Japanese city of Utsunomiya for stealing cryptocurrency, local news outlet Japan Today reported on March 14.
The cybercriminal allegedly hacked Monappy, a digital wallet which can be installed on a smartphone, and stole 15 million yen ($134,196) of cryptocurrency between Aug. 14 and Sept. 1 of last year. The hack reportedly affected more than 7,700 users.
The hacker reportedly used the Tor software that enables users to anonymize web traffic. However, the police identified the hacker by analyzing the communication records stored on the website’s server. According to Japan Today, the hacker admitted to the allegations.
The attacker submitted multiple cryptocurrency transfer requests to his own account, which overwhelmed the system and allowed him to direct more funds to his account. After that, he transferred the coins to another cryptocurrency operator, received dividends and spent the money.
As Cointelegraph Japan previously reported, there was no impact on the cold wallet, which held 54.2 percent of Monappy’s total balances, and no user information, such as email addresses and passwords, was stolen. The company subsequently announced compensation for the lost funds.
The alleged hacker’s identity is reportedly being kept anonymous due to his status as a minor. In Japan, a minor is a person under 20 years of age.
In 2018, over 7,000 cases of suspected money laundering tied to crypto were reported to Japanese police. More than 7,000 suspect transactions reportedly betrayed various red flags — such as being linked to user accounts held under different names and birth dates, but with an identical ID photo.
On a global scale, exchange hacks have been the most lucrative modus operandi for cyber criminals in 2018, having generated close to $1 billion in revenue. Following an initial hack, the cybercriminals often move stolen funds to a plethora of wallets and exchanges in order to cover their tracks. | 2023-11-28T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7797 |
It’s Wednesday and you’re nearing the weekend! Often times we are too hard on ourselves, we need to lighten up. Life’s too short, be happy with where you are and what you’ve accomplished rather than focusing your energy on what’s gone wrong, or what hasn’t gone as planned. Here’s a secret, life never goes as planned.
Here are some lovely quotes to make you smile on this picturesque sunny day!
Like many others I’ve fought insomnia too many times to count. Whether it’s stress or anxiety keeping me awake at night, sometimes it seems as though I can’t tun my brain off. I’m thinking about the next day, my plans for the week, what needs done around the house, what needs completed at work, what to buy my Dad for his birthday, and so on and so forth! This is a common occurrence in my immediate family. So, I began to research remedies and tips on how to get a great night’s rest! Here’s what has worked for me:
1. Don’t eat late at night, preferably not after 7:00pm if you can help it. If you indulge in a late night snack this may keep you awake as your body is working to digest.
2. Try to avoid drinking large amounts of liquid before bed. I found that throwing back water until I went to bed resulted in having to get up to use the washroom multiple times in a night which interrupted my sleep.
3. Keep your room cool or use a fan. If you’re too hot you will toss and turn and be unable to get comfortable.
4. Maintain a quiet and dark space. The darker your room, the better you’ll sleep. If you get up during the night to use the washroom, avoid flicking on the bright light. Not only will this light blind you, it can make it more difficult for your body to adjust to go back to sleep.
5. If you’re having trouble relaxing try light stretching before, or even in your bed. Practice deep breathing and muscle relaxation. If you find yourself struggling to slow your thoughts down, try reading a book to distract your mind from your stressors.
This blog features healthy recipes, DIY skincare, product reviews and beauty advice. The author is knowledgable in nutrition and wellness. Her smoothie recipes are wonderful, I’ve already tried two this week! I highly suggest checking out her blog!
This blog features advice, guidance and simple experiences. It is incredibly honest and real. It focuses on her family, positive thinking, parenting and love. For a great read and all around feel good blog follow this wonderful woman’s journey.
How thankful am I for Cher’s blog about Chicago. This fellow Canuck captures her life in Chicago through beautiful photos, funny stories and captures the history of The Windy City. Although it makes me miss the city more, I love reading her updates and adventures.
This blog is focused on a beautiful German Shepherd named Sammie. Of course since they are German Shepherd owners I resonate with them and love to see what their sweet girl is up to. Most importantly, Sammie was adopted from an animal shelter which I am a huge supporter of. Saving Sammie reminds us all of how important it is to consider a rescue when choosing a dog for your family. Follow this blog for adorable photos and funny stories!
Feel free to comment or post some of your favourite blogs! I’d love to check them out.
I think one of the biggest indications of love is time. They are perfectly intertwined. When I think about it, the people that love me most in my life are people that would make time for me no matter what. Whether it’s 4am in the morning or they’re occupied with something else, they’re there for me no matter what.
If you really think about it there are a select few individuals in your life that would drop everything for you. Time is love. You have to spend the time, you have to be there, as a friend, as a parent, as a relative, and as a spouse. Whether it’s convenient for you or not. This is not an easy feat, but it’s an important one.
Now this doesn’t necessarily mean you have to be there in the flesh. For some of us that isn’t possible, but invest the time in supporting the person, whether that’s on the phone, through email or text. Ask how they’re doing, especially when someone is going through a hard time. Remember that the smallest things in life can mean the most to those in your life.
You can’t touch time, you can’t buy time, but it’s the most valuable thing in the world. Spend yours wisely.
I often wonder why people keep toxic relationships in their life. Whether it’s a relative, friend, or their boss. Constant negative energy is poison and it’s bound to rub off on you when you’re constantly surrounded by it. You should not feel obligated to keep a negative person in your life no matter what your relationship is to them. If someone makes you more sad or upset then they do happy, this is not a healthy relationship. If they bring you down, out they go.
I’ve learned to keep my atmosphere and environment positive. I spend time with people who are outgoing, happy, and make the best of everything. When I’m with people who are smiley and genuinely love life, I find myself happier in their presence. Their energy and zest is contagious.
Make a healthy decision for yourself. Out with the bad apples, make room for all of the good people in your life. | 2024-07-21T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4451 |
Management of Clinical Stage I Germ Cell Tumors.
Experience demonstrates multiple paths to cure for patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer. Because all options should provide a long-term disease-free rate near 100%, overall survival is no longer relevant in decision making, allowing practitioners to factor in quality of life, toxicity, cost, and impact on compliance. Surveillance for clinical stage I seminoma and clinical stage I nonseminoma has become the preferred option. The contrarian view is that a risk-adapted approach should persist, with surveillance for low-risk individuals and active therapy high-risk individuals. However, results obtained in unselected patients provide a strong argument against the need for such an approach. | 2024-02-26T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4832 |
A Personal ‘Uprising’
"Uprising," the TV miniseries about the Warsaw Resistance, is being released in theaters Dec. 7, and on DVD and VHS Dec. 18. Some actors shared with The Journal their personal experiences on the set.
Alexandra Holden (Frania Beatus)
People laugh when I tell them I played a Polish Jew in "Uprising." I'm a blond, blue-eyed Minnesotan of Scandinavian descent; what was Jon Avnet thinking casting me? I was worried. I wasn't sure I deserved the role. I thought it may be more relevant to a Jewish girl, that it would mean something more to her.
However, my biggest (and silliest) fear was that the viewers would spot me as an impostor.
Fortunately, the two-week rehearsal period created a sense of togetherness among the actors that became, to me, one of the most extraordinary aspects of the entire experience. From the very first day, the fears that had plagued me evaporated. I immediately felt a sense of equality that I've never experienced in a work situation. It soon didn't matter who was or wasn't Jewish. I didn't think about it anymore. It didn't matter what my background was, or what I looked like. What mattered was that we were all there "for one purpose" and we united over that purpose.
Some small part of the Jewish culture became a part of me, and my commitment to the group and the project grew and grew. I would have done just about anything for the film, and I am extremely proud to be a part of it. It's an experience that I will carry with me for the rest of my life.
Hank Azaria (Mordechai Anielewicz)
When you do any historical drama, especially one as accurate and devastating as "Uprising," you get a tremendous history lesson. You also get the honor and excitement of applying that knowledge the best way an actor knows how: by portraying a role that helps tell the story.
One of our jobs as actors is to imagine: "What if we were really in these circumstances?" As a Jew, with a great uncle that died in Treblinka, this job was made much easier and at the same time, much more difficult to endure.
During a break in filming, I went to Prague for a few days. Amazingly, I ran into an old professor of mine from Tufts University, Sal Gittleman, who taught Yiddish literature and German expressionism. Back in college, he reminded all of his Jewish students -- and there were a lot of us -- that no matter how assimilated we are during times of persecution, it is our oppressors, not we, who decide how Jewish we are. It was a lesson I never forgot, and one that I was very proud to help bring to light in "Uprising."
Mili Avital (Devorah)
I didn't just want to be a part of "Uprising," I insisted on it. As an Israeli actress working in Hollywood, I felt something after reading the script for the first time that I have never felt before. This was the story of a group of people fighting to exist as Jews in a world that doesn't want them. Fighting to create a new type of Jew; a modern kind of Jew, who dreams to create a new society of people that are helping each other to exist freely and on their own. It was the story of the nation I come from, the origin of my blood, my spirit.
As we American and English actors were walking around the set and exploring its structure, I felt uncomfortable, as if they were studying my own body in a lab. Why is this the history of my nation? Why isn't it like the one of the American actors who come from the country of Gold Rush and endless land, or the English actors of royals and teatime. I was furious.
When it was suggested during our rehearsal process that I sing Israel's national anthem as part of the research, I suddenly felt different. I felt the joy and pride, as it was reminding me who I am: an Israeli Jewish actress that is here to tell this story of the amazing bravery, courage and faith of my people, as it is the story of all human beings fighting for life.
Stephen Moyer (Kazik)
From the moment I started reading the script of "Uprising," I have been enthralled with it. My character in the film was not just one of the protagonists, but much of the script was based on his own experiences. Not only was it a true story, but I was to meet the man I was playing and spend time with him talking about his incredible experiences.
No amount of research and attempts to understand Jewish culture can quite prepare you for meeting the man you are playing. Kazik's generosity of spirit is impossible to encapsulate in these short paragraphs, but to say that he made my job easier would be an understatement. He gave me complete free rein with his own life ... only ever offering words of encouragement and never advice.
It was an extraordinary story that was being told, and I had been incredibly lucky to get the part. Jon Avnet's casting of me in the part was all the more surprising. As a Jewish director tackling incredibly sensitive material, it was a bold step, and one that I am extremely grateful for.
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weekly in the West – and the monthly glossy Tribe magazine (TribeJournal.com). Please support us by clicking here. | 2024-04-03T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4483 |
Non-enzymatic phosphorylation of bovine serum albumin by Cr(V) complexes: role in Cr(VI)-induced phosphorylation and toxicity.
Evidence for the non-enzymatic phosphorylation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by sodium bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyrato)oxochromate(V), Na[CrVO(ehba)2], 1, sodium bis(2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrato)oxochromate(V), Na[CrVO(hmba)2], 2 and potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, 3 in the presence of labeled adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) under conditions of physiological pH is presented. Aggregation and extent of phosphorylation of BSA mediated by 1, 2 or 3 seems to increase with the concentration and time of incubation of the reaction mixture containing all the reactants. The [gamma-32P] label in ATP is incorporated into aggregates of BSA in the in vitro reaction of the protein with ATP in the presence of 1, 2 or 3. Phosphorylation of BSA by ATP in the absence of 1, 2 or 3 is negligible. Addition of EDTA reverses aggregation of protein and liberates partially the incorporated phosphate label. The stoichiometry of phosphorylation is found to be the highest and is equal to 12.25 mol PO4(3-)/mol BSA in the presence of 500 microM of 1, which decreases to 10.56 mol PO4(3-)/mol BSA after EDTA treatment. Resistance to the removal of phosphate label by EDTA increases with increase in time of incubation. Dialysis of phosphorylated BSA reverses the incorporated [gamma-(32)P] label only partially, indicating the formation of covalent links of phosphate groups to BSA. Evidence for the site of phosphorylation in the reaction mediated by 1, 2 or 3 being hydroxyl side groups of tyrosine and serine/threonine residues has been gained. Based on the results, a possibility that 1, 2 and 3 mimic the function of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases has been invoked. | 2023-10-29T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3976 |
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“Perhaps nothing shows up an umpire worse than for the catcher to hold up the ball on him, after he has declared the pitch a ball, while the receiver is equally confident it should have been a strike. Repetition of the stunt often draws a tin can and sometimes several days’ rest.”
Billy Evans
After the 1908 season, in his nationally column, Evans said that some umpires took it more personally than others:
“(Gabby) Street, who broke into the American League last season and established a record that makes him stand out as one of the best backstops in the business, looks on his first run in with Silk O’Loughlin with a lot of humor. Nothing hurts the arbitrator any more during the game more than to intimate that he possibly could be wrong, and when Street held up a ball, to inform Silk that his judgment was questioned, he almost keeled over.
“’Throw it back; throw it back, busher,’ yelled Silk in his loudest voice.
“Street complied at once and didn’t question the arbitrator any more during the game, but admits that O’Loughlin kept up a continual chatter over the incident throughout the rest of the contest.
“’Don’t forget this is your first year in the league Street, and I’ve been up here six or seven seasons. I’ll do the umpiring and you tend to the catching, and you will find you have plenty of work to keep you busy. Sometime you will hold one of those balls up to me when I’m not feeling good and you will probably draw a week’s vacation.”’
Gabby Street
And, the umpire said, it wouldn’t just be him:
“’Unless you want to have all the umpires in the league a bunch of soreheads you had better forget that trick of holding up the ball.’ These were just a few of the things Silk got out of his system during the remainder of the game, and Street didn’t make any effort to contradict him.”
Four years later, after ejecting Street, then a member of the New York Highlanders, from a game with the Tigers, for arguing balls and strikes, O’Loughlin faced one of the most harrowing incidents of career. The New York Sun said:
Silk O’Loughlin
“First, (Manager Harry) Wolverton was chased off the field, then (pitcher Jack) Quinn… was put out for kicking over a called ball and throwing his glove, and then Street aired his opinion of O’Loughlin as an arbiter and was summarily dismissed..”
The ejections led to “Certain spectators in the grand stand with an acute sense of fair play threw bottles out at O’Loughlin, who stood his ground without flinching in the face of the glassware bombardment and the hooting which went with it.”
The New York Tribune said the incident was “the decomposition of a perfectly healthy game (and) was a frightful site.”
After the game, a 9 to 5 Detroit victory, The Tribune said:
“O’Loughlin was surrounded by a lusty corps of Pinkertons after the game, and was protected from a crowd of spectators who acted threateningly.”
When O’Loughlin died during the 1918 influenza epidemic at age 42, Evans, who worked behind the plate in the last game O’Loughlin worked, said, “Baseball was a serious proposition for him,” and told the late umpire’s hometown paper, The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle that he “planned to write a biography of O’Loughlin’s life soon.”
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Twenty-one years before catcher Gabby Street caught a baseball dropped. From the Washington Monument, another catcher attempted it with less success.
When news of Street’s feat was reported in 1908, Oliver Romeo Johnson, who had been a sportswriter for The Indianapolis News in 1887, recalled the circumstances:
“On one of our eastern trips we followed the Chicagos in Washington, and while there the catching of a ball dropped from the monument was much talked of, because one of the Chicago players was said to have done it a few days before. My impression is that it was (Cap) Anson himself, although it might have been Silver Flint.
“One of our team, John Thomas ‘Tug’ Arundel, a catcher, said it was ‘dead easy’ to catch a ball dropped from the monument, and a bet was made on it. A crowd of us went out to see the attempt. Arundel wore catcher’s gloves—which were not so thick as they now are—on both hands and put layers of cotton under them. He tried eight or ten times to catch the ball…but failed every time, and after he had battered up his hands so he could not play for some days he gave it up.”
Tug Arundel
Several days after Johnson’s recollection appeared in The News, Horace Fogel, who had been Arundel’s manager with the Hoosiers and dropped the balls from the monument, weighed in. Fogel, then sports editor of The Philadelphia Telegraph, disputed the claim that Anson or Flint had caught a ball and said of his catcher’s attempt:
“Arundel, if I remember alright, only succeeded in getting his hands on one ball and it almost tore them off at the wrists. Tug explained afterward that he had not figured on ‘A ball weighing a ton coming from that distance.’ The other balls, a dozen or more, I tossed out to him, Arundel missed, some by fifty feet, he misjudged them that badly.”
Horace Fogel
Bad judgment was a staple of Arundel’s career which was marred by arrests for drinking and fighting. He appeared in just 76 major league games over four seasons from 1882 to 1888 and played for at least 16 different professional clubs during his 10 seasons in professional ball, often quickly wearing out his welcome.
The Memphis Appeal said he was:
“(T)he handsomest player in the profession, who would sooner fight than eat.”
The Washington Critic summed up the opinion many had of Arundel when he was acquired by the Nationals in 1888:
“’Tug’ Arundel has been secured by the Washington management, as last week’s reports indicated he would be. He is not popular here. However, it is to be hoped that Manager (Ted) Sullivan can keep him muzzled.”
After his release, when it was rumored he might join the Detroit wolverines, The Detroit Free Press told readers:
“Detroit wouldn’t have Tug Arundel under any circumstances.”
After every incident, Arundel pledged to change his ways.
After an 1887 drunken melee in Indianapolis, which resulted in the arrests of Arundel along with teammates Jerry Denny and John (Patsy) Cahill, he told The Indianapolis News he took “a total abstinence pledge for six months.”
In the spring of 1889, he was arrested in his hometown, Auburn, New York twice. First for assaulting a police officer and then for a bar fight with another former major leaguer, and Auburn native, Mike Mansell. The Auburn Bulletin said Arundel “Got the worst of it.” A month after the fight, The Sporting Life said Arundel “writes he is in fine shape and looking for an engagement.”
In 1890, the 28-year-old Arundel was nearing the end of the line. He signed with the Saginaw-Bay City (Michigan) club in the International Association and told The Detroit Free Press that he was serious about sobriety this time:
“I lost splendid situations and almost ruined my reputation through liquor, but, sir, I realize the baneful effects of over-indulgence in intoxicating liquors and I have resolved never to touch another drop. I have kept aloof from it for the past three months and am now in as good condition as I ever was in my life.”
It is unclear whether, or for how long, Arundel kept his last public pledge. He appeared to have played fairly well behind the plate for Saginaw-Bay City. Although he hit just .152, The Free Press, which three years earlier assured readers that Arundel was not wanted on the city’s National League club, was pleased when he signed with the Detroit Wolverines of the Northwestern League:
“(Arundel) has faced the greatest pitchers on the field and held them all. Arundel is a good trainer for young ones, and did good work while with the Hyphens in 1890.”
Whether because of drinking or injuries (The Free Press and The Detroit News said he suffered from “Split fingers” several times throughout the season) Arundel was finished after the 1891 season, at age 29.
A 1912 publicity photo featuring Walter Johnson at the wheel of a steamroller, and Senators catcher Eddie Ainsmith with the shovel at Griffith Stadium in Washington. The photo was taken on June 17; the Senators had just returned from Cleveland having won 16 straight games–all on the road. During the streak, the Senators had gone from 17-21 in sixth place, to 33-21, just one and a half games behind the Boston Red Sox.
The Washington Times said “It was considered an omen of continued triumph” that the steamroller was “found on the grounds.”
The Senators won the following day and continued playing well the rest of the way, finishing 91-61, their first winning season in the team’s 12-year history. But, it was not good enough to catch the Red Sox who finished 14 games in front.
Johnson had his first of two 30-win seasons, finishing 33-12 with a league-leading 1.39 ERA.
Ainsworth played in the major leagues for 15 years, the first nine with the Senators. The Washington Post said before the season opener in 1915:
“For the seventh consecutive year Walter Johnson will work in the opening clash for the home folks, and in nearly as many seasons will Eddie Ainsworth be his battery mate. This pair always work together and no pitcher and catcher in either league are better acquainted when it comes to baseball.”
Eddie Ainsmith
Several weeks after Ainsmith was traded to Boston (then to Detroit on the same day) in January of 1919, Louis Dougher a writer for The Washington Times said:
“When Eddie Ainsmith was traded to Detroit via Boston, Clark Griffith shattered on of the crack batteries…it was Johnson and (Charles “Gabby”) Street. Then when Gabby slowed up and gave way to a successor, it rapidly became Johnson and Ainsmith.”
Age, more than the departure of Ainsmith slowed Johnson down, but he still won 140 games and posted three 20-win seasons after his personal catcher was traded.
David Tilden Altizer did not begin playing professional baseball until 1902 when he was 25; he made his debut with the Washington Senators four years later. A member of the US Army, he was in China for the Boxer Rebellion and the Philippines during the Spanish-American War; he began playing baseball while in the service.
Most recent mentions of Altizer list his nickname as “Filipino,” but while his service was often mentioned, this nickname is rarely found in contemporaneous stories; rather he regularly referred to by the nickname “daredevil.”
Dave Altizer 1909
Altizer was one of the more colorful figures of his era and made good copy, but many of the stories have been lost for years. Here are a few:
In 1910 Altizer was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds from the Minneapolis Millers of the American Association. Unaware he had been drafted; Altizer went to Chicago at the close of the millers’ season and disappeared. The Associated Press said he thus became “the only ballplayer who has been ‘found’ with a newspaper want ad.”
The story said Reds manager Clark Griffith, unable to find Altizer, contacted “Nixey” Callahan, who was playing in Chicago’s City League, and asked him to put an ad in Chicago newspapers to find Altizer.
“This was done and in the early hours of the morning some unknown person called Callahan and gave him Dave’s number.”
Altizer appeared in three games for the Reds after he was located; he had six hits in 10 at bats, walked three times and scored three runs.
—
Altizer had been the starting shortstop for the Senators in 1907. In December The Pittsburgh Press ran a wire service story from Washington under the headline “Dave Altizer is Dead Broke:”
“Dave Altizer, the most popular player on the local team, recently fell victim to a pickpocket, and was relieved of his year’s savings.”
The story said Altizer, alarmed by the “financial stringency (the Panic of 1907)…has carried his savings on his person, not wanting to take any chances of having them tied up in a bank.”
Altizer went to sleep in a Pullman car on a train to California with “$1,475 in large bills” in his vest pocket and discovered when he awoke that the money was gone. It was never reported if the money was recovered of if the thief was caught.
—
Altizer with Washington
Gabby Street claimed he saw Altizer do the dumbest thing he had seen in a game, and “topped (Fred) Merkle,” while they were teammates in Washington:
“St. Louis had us beat, 3 to 2, and there were two outs in the ninth.”
Altizer was batting with two strikes and runners on second and third.
“The next strike came over and (umpire John) Sheridan called it a strike. The ball whizzed right through (Tubby) Spencer’s mitt and bounded up against the grandstand and shot off at an angle, while the chubby Spencer pursued it. Both of the Washington runners on the bases scored easily.
“But all the time Altizer refused to leave the plate. He was in a hot argument with Sheridan and insisted the ball wasn’t over the plate and was two feet wide. In the meantime Spencer got the ball. There was no chance to get either of the runners at the plate, but he fired to first and retired Altizer. It made the last out of the game and Altizer’s failure to run cost us the two runs and lost the game for Washington. And they talked about Merkle.”
Gabby Street
—
After Altizer finished his Major League career with the Reds in 1911, he returned to Minneapolis where he played until 1918. He played and managed two more seasons with the Madison Grays in the South Dakota and Dakota Leagues, before retiring from baseball at age 44. He died in Pleasant Hill, Illinois in 1964 at age 87. | 2024-07-24T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6337 |
Pick up the phone tomarrow and call Ten Tec service. They will talk you though
the check out and if it looks like it will take awhile, they will call you back
on their dime.
73 and good luck
Bill KC4ATU
> Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2012 10:53:04 -0600
> From: kheimbach@sbcglobal.net
> To: tentec@contesting.com
> Subject: [TenTec] Jupiter - No transmit power output 10 meters
>
> All,
>
> I will also post this to the Jupiter group, but seems I have no power
> output on 10 meters. I can see amps being pulled on the power supply
> when the key is brought up or mike button pressed, but there is no
> output power. If memory serves me correctly, this has been reported on
> 17 meters (and perhaps other bands too). Receive is not effected.
>
> Other bands operate normally. Do I have a bandpass filter or relay
> failure? It appears specific to 10 meters.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Karl - W5QJ
> _______________________________________________
> TenTec mailing list
> TenTec@contesting.com
>http://lists.contesting.com/mailman/listinfo/tentec
_______________________________________________
TenTec mailing list
TenTec@contesting.com
http://lists.contesting.com/mailman/listinfo/tentec | 2024-02-11T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3185 |
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in The Netherlands.
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and new potent drugs have become available. Therefore, the CLL working party revised the Dutch guidelines. Not only efficacy but also quality of life and socio-economic impact were taken into account in the formulation of treatment recommendations. The working party discussed a set of questions regarding diagnostic tests and treatment and wrote the draft guideline. This was evidence-based whenever possible, but in cases of low evidence, an expert-based recommendation was formulated with input of the entire working party. The draft guideline was sent to all hematologists in the Netherlands for comment and was subsequently approved. Recommendations were formulated on diagnostic tests and work-up before treatment. Also, recommendations were made for treatment with fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab, bendamustine-rituximab, chlorambucil with anti-CD20 antibody, ibrutinib, idelalisib-rituximab, venetoclax, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In the revised Dutch CLL guidelines, chemo-immunotherapy is still the cornerstone of CLL treatment with novel targeted drugs for specific risk groups. | 2024-03-05T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5846 |
CHANGE THE WEATHER FOR ALL OF
US...2-ROBERT: FIRST AT 6 -
CENTRAL TEXAS TEENAGERS
EXPERIMENTING WITH
HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS. AFTER
SHERIFF'S DEPUTIES SAID THREE
DRIPPING SPRINGS HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS OVERDOSED ON LSD - WE
WONDERED - IS IT MAKING A
COMEBACK? 2-SYDNEY: WE SPOKE
WITH SEVERAL PEOPLE WHO WORK
WITH TEENS IN RECOVERY AND
THEY TOLD US.. IT'S MORE
WIDESPREAD THAN YOU MIGHT
REALIZE. AND THEY TOLD KXAN'S
GIGI BARNETT.. THERE ARE
SEVERAL REASONS "WHY." "MY
PALMS GET REALLY SWEATY." //
"IT FEELS AS IF THE WALLS ARE
BREATHING WITH YOU."
18-YEAR-OLD JOE MARTIN HAS
BEEN ON SEVERAL LSD TRIPS. THE
DEEP, RACING THOUGHTS PROVIDED
A 12-HOUR ESCAPE FROM REALITY.
HE SAYS THERE'S STILL A
FREE-SPIRIT, FLOWER CHILD
IMAGE LINKED TO THE DRUG.
"IT'S NOT AS IF I'M STICKING A
NEEDLE IN MY ARM TO GET HIGH."
// "SO, IT DOESN'T HAVE THAT
STIGMA OF HARDCORE ADDICTS AND
JUNKIES."THAT MIGHT BE ONE
REASON WHY EXPERTS ARE SEEING
A SLIGHT BOOST IN TEENS TRYING
LSD.HERE'S ANOTHER: "IT'S
VERY EASY TO ACESS. JULIE
MCELRATH RUNS UNIVERSITY HIGH
SCHOOL ON UT'S CAMPUS. IT'S A
SOBER SCHOOL FOR TEENS IN
RECOVERY.SHE SAYS LSD IS
MOSTLY A BACK-UP DRUG WHEN
TEENS CAN'T GET THEIR DRUG OF
CHOICE. AND...: "IT'S
REASONABLY PRICED, SO IT'S NOT
EXPENSIVE. THE LASTING EFFECTS
ARE SHORT TERM AND IT'S NOT
EASILY IDENTIFIED ON A DRUG
TEST."JOE, WHO'S A STUDENT AT
UNIVERITY HIGH, BELIEVES A
BIGGER UPTICK IN LSD IS ON THE
WAY. : "IN THIS DAY AND AGE,
ANYTHING GOES REALLY. GIGI
BARNETT...KXAN NEWS. SYDNEY:SO
FAR THIS YEAR, RESEARCHERS AT
THE UNIVERITY OF TEXAS SAY
THEY'VE TRACKED 18 LSD CASES
FROM TOXICOLOGY LABS ACROSS
THE STATE. BUT THAT NUMBER
COULD BE HIGHER.MCELRATH SAYS
MOST TEENS DON'T REPORT USING
LSD BECAUSE IT'S NOT THEIR
| 2024-05-17T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6949 |
Q:
Extract Key from URL with Preg_Match in PHP
I haves this URL
https://test.com/file/5gdxyYpb#_FWRc4T12baPrppZIwVQ5i18Sq16f7TXU82LJwY_BjE
I need to create with preg_mach this condition:
$match[0]=5gdxyYpb#_FWRc4T12baPrppZIwVQ5i18Sq16f7TXU82LJwY_BjE
$match[1]=5gdxyYpb
$match[2]=_FWRc4T12baPrppZIwVQ5i18Sq16f7TXU82LJwY_BjE
I try difference pattern the mos closed was this one. e\/(.*?)\#(.*).
Please any recommendation. (If necessary in Preg_Match).
Thank you,
A:
You might use 2 capturing groups and make use of \K to not match the first part of the url to get the desired matches.
https?://.*/\K([^#\s]+)#(\S+)
https?:// Match the protocol with optional s, then ://
.*/ Match until the last occurrence of /
\K Forget what is matched until here
([^#\s]+) Capture group 1, match 1+ occurrences of any char except a # or whitespace char
# Match the #
(\S+) Capture group 2, match 1+ occurrences of a non whitespace char
Regex demo | Php demo
$url = "https://test.com/file/5gdxyYpb#_FWRc4T12baPrppZIwVQ5i18Sq16f7TXU82LJwY_BjE";
$pattern = "~https?://.*/\K([^#]+)#(.*)~";
$res = preg_match($pattern, $url, $matches);
print_r($matches);
Output
Array
(
[0] => 5gdxyYpb#_FWRc4T12baPrppZIwVQ5i18Sq16f7TXU82LJwY_BjE
[1] => 5gdxyYpb
[2] => _FWRc4T12baPrppZIwVQ5i18Sq16f7TXU82LJwY_BjE
)
| 2023-11-06T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/1474 |
Bye Bye Beto
Beto O’Rourke has dropped out of the presidential race. He ran for a Senate seat in Texas against Ted Cruz and lost. Apparently he thought the notoriety he received during that race would carry over toward a presidential one. It didn’t.
Beto came across as a spoiled and foolish man who wanted to merge the US with Mexico. That is, he wanted a complete erasure of our southern border along with free stuff to anyone who wandered north into our country. He had a fake Spanish nickname and often spoke in Spanish to prove his allegiance to Mexico.
Like our cartoons? Support Ben for 2020- Share a “Coffee” with Ben and Tina Today! at https://ko-fi.com/grrrgraphics
He pitched the usual climate change nonsense, outright gun bans, a Green New Deal, and more abortion. He wanted to tax Christian churches if they refuse to support gay marriage. In short, he wanted to strip away more liberty from Americans while subjecting them to higher taxes, more government tyranny, and crime.
He said he was born to be president (or some such statement), but instead he’s headed into the sunset. He’s a hand waving, virtue signaling beta male who deserves his place in the dustbin of history.
Hasta la vista, Señor Beto.
—Ben Garrison
BEN GARRISON’S NEW CARTOON BOOK “ORANGE MAN GOOD”
“Orange Man Good” makes a great gift for any fan of President Trump. Order your copy today!
8.5″ x 7″ (21.59 x 17.78 cm)
Full Color on White paper
150 pages of cartoons (including cartoons not published before in any of the other books.)
Available for PRE-ORDER Now- Click to order your book today | 2024-04-21T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6418 |
The lack of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome supports the safety of pancreatic electrolysis: experimental studies.
Per-ductal pancreatic electrolysis is a new minimally invasive ablation treatment. Possible applications include tumor debulking and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Both solid organ ablation and pancreatitis are associated with the risk of an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan failure. TNF-alpha and IL1-beta are important cytokine mediators of this response. The aim of this study was to measure the circulating levels of IL1-beta and TNF-alpha following pancreatic electrolytic ablation as a marker of the risk of SIRS complicating per-ductal pancreatic electrolysis. Serum TNF-alpha and IL1-beta were measured in six treatment and six control pigs before and after laparotomy and pancreatic electrolytic ablation via a per-ductal approach. There was no significant rise in serum TNF-alpha and IL1-beta in association with per-ductal pancreatic electrolysis. This study supports the evidence that per-ductal electrolysis is a safe procedure with potential for palliative treatment of pancreatic cancers. | 2024-04-03T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8790 |
Q:
call current controller action within button click from partial view in MVC3 view razor view engine
I have a view with including partial view (Partial view from different controller that call @{ Html.RenderAction("DebitHeadConfigure", "HeadDisplayConfigure");}) now i need a action against Button click which button come from partial view
Note : Currently if i use submit type button then it call my main controller action
A:
Problem isn't in your button, but in the form that you are submitting. Make sure that you specify action and controller in a form within your partial view.
For example:
@using (Html.BeginForm("ActionToCall", "ControllerContainingAction", FormMethod.POST)) {
<p>
My Form
</p>
}
References:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.mvc.html.formextensions.beginform(v=vs.108).aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd460344(v=vs.108).aspx
| 2024-03-15T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2929 |
---
abstract: 'We present a photometric analysis of 65 galaxies in the rich cluster Abell 1689 at $z=0.183$, using the [*Hubble Space Telescope*]{} Advanced Camera for Surveys archive images in the rest-frame $V$-band. We perform two-dimensional multi-component photometric decomposition of each galaxy adopting different models of the surface-brightness distribution. We present an accurate morphological classification for each of the sample galaxies. For 50 early-type galaxies, we fit both a de Vaucouleurs and Sérsic law; S0s are modelled by also including a disc component described by an exponential law. Bars of SB0s are described by the profile of a Ferrers ellipsoid. For the 15 spirals, we model a Sérsic bulge, exponential disc, and, when required, a Ferrers bar component. We derive the Fundamental Plane by fitting 40 early-type galaxies in the sample, using different surface-brightness distributions. We find that the tightest plane is that derived by Sérsic bulges. We find that bulges of spirals lie on the same relation. The Fundamental Plane is better defined by the bulges alone rather than the entire galaxies. Comparison with local samples shows both an offset and rotation in the Fundamental Plane of Abell 1689.'
author:
- |
E. Dalla Bontà$^{1,2}$[^1], R. L. Davies$^{3}$, R. C. W. Houghton$^{3}$, F. D’Eugenio$^{4,5}$, and J. Méndez-Abreu$^{6,7,8}$\
$^{1}$Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122, Padova, Italy.\
$^{2}$INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy\
$^{3}$Physics Department, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK\
$^{4}$Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia\
$^{5}$ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO)\
$^{6}$School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, SUPA, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK\
$^{7}$Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain\
$^{8}$Universidad de La Laguna, Dept. Astrofísica, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
date: 'Accepted 2017 September 22. Received 2017 September 22; in original form 2017 March 16'
title: 'A photometric analysis of Abell 1689: two-dimensional multi-structure decomposition, morphological classification, and the Fundamental Plane'
---
\[firstpage\]
galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 1689 – galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD – galaxies: photometry – galaxies: fundamental parameters.
Introduction {#sec:intro}
============
The discovery of the FP three decades ago [@djo87; @dre87; @fab87] constituted an important milestone on understanding galaxy evolution. Stellar velocity dispersion, $\sigma_{\star}$, effective radius $R_{\rm e}$, and average surface brightness within $R_{\rm e}$, $\left<I\right>_{\rm e}$, of ETGs define a remarkably tight plane in the form $R_{\rm e} \,\alpha\, \sigma_{\star}^b \left<I\right>_{\rm
e}^c$. Under the assumptions of structural homology and uniform mass-to-light ratio, the virial theorem predicts $b=2$ and $c=-1$; because the best-fit values of $b$ and $c$ deviate from this prediction, the FP is said to be “tilted” [@bur97; @tru04]. The FP remains a potentially powerful tool to investigate galaxy mass assembly and luminosity evolution with redshift, by comparing the values of the FP coefficients over time. However, there is little uniformity in the details of how the observables are measured, which makes direct comparisons difficult or inappropriate. Differences in the derived FP coefficients can be due to the algorithm used, whether the fit is direct or orthogonal, choice of the dependent variable [e.g., @she12], passband [e.g., @ber03], and sample selection [e.g., @nig08]. In this contribution, we will focus on the photometric parameters which enter the FP and investigate whether or not possible discrepancies can arise with the change of photometric models. Indeed, originally $R_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I\right>_{\rm e}$ of galaxies were measured by fitting a de Vaucouleurs law to the growth curve (see Paper I for a description). Later on Sérsic profile to the growth curve was adopted [e.g., @cao93; @lab02]. A de Vaucouleurs bulge plus exponential disc decomposition has also been used [e.g., @sag97; @fri05], as have two-dimensional surface-brightness decompositions [e.g., @fri09; @sim02; @tra03; @fer11].
Abell 1689 [@Abell58] is a richness class 4 cluster at redshift $z=0.183$ [@strub99]. As a Coma cluster analogue, it provides an opportunity to study the evolution of galaxies in dense environments over the last 2.26 Gyr. It is a dynamically active, merging system with discrete mass components as revealed by substructure in X-ray, lensing, and near-infrared maps of this cluster [@hai10]. The galaxy alignment appears to be stronger towards the centre and is mostly present among the fainter galaxies, whereas bright galaxies are unaligned [@hun10]. The luminosity function shows a steep red faint end upturn, suggesting that the least massive galaxies are just being quenched at this epoch [@ban10]. Moreover, the cluster population shows two distinct populations: two-thirds are unremarkable blue, late-type spirals; the remainder, found only in the cluster outskirts, are dusty red sequence galaxies whose star formation is heavily obscured. There is also an excess of 100 $\mu$m-selected galaxies that extend $\sim6$ Mpc in length along an axis that runs NE-SW through the cluster center [@bal02; @hai10].
This is the third paper in a series on Abell 1689, and a fourth one is in preparation. @hought12 [hereafter Paper I] presents imaging and spectroscopy of the cluster and analyses the Faber-Jackson, Kormendy, and colour-magnitude relations, based on data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the [*Hubble Space Telescope (HST)*]{} and the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on the Gemini North telescope (GMOS-N). @deug13 [hereafter Paper II] presents integral field spectroscopy of a sample of galaxies observed with the Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) at the Very Large Telescope, European Southern Observatory (ESO), and investigates their internal kinematics. In this paper, we analyse the photometry of 65 galaxies at the centre of Abell 1689, perform two-dimensional multi-component surface brightness decompositions, provide a morphological classification, and derive the Fundamental Plane (FP) relationship for the early-type galaxies (ETGs; i.e., ellipticals or lenticulars) using different photometric models. In Paper IV (in preparation), we will provide a deep interpretation of the FP by measuring accurate dynamical masses of the sample galaxies observed with FLAMES and ACS.
This work is organised as follows. The sample selection is presented in Sect. \[sec:sample\]. The photometric analysis is described in Sect. \[sec:2Dparam\_fit\]. The morphological classification is discussed in Sect. \[sec:morph\]. In Sect. \[sec:FP\] the FP is derived and the results are compared to the local FP. In Sect. \[sec:end\] we draw our conclusions. We assume $H_0=71$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $\Omega_m=0.27$, and $\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.73$, following the seven-year [*Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe*]{} (WMAP7) cosmology [@kom11], as in Paper I.
Sample {#sec:sample}
======
In this investigation, we used images from [*HST*]{} ACS. We downloaded the data, originally obtained for program GO-9289 (PI: H. Ford), from MAST[^2]. The images are from the Wide Field Channel (WFC) with the F625W filter, which approximates the Sloan Digital Sky Survey $r$ filter and is nearly equivalent to rest-frame $V$-band at the redshift of Abell 1689 ($z=0.183$). Our data reduction procedures are described in Paper I.
We performed a photometric analysis of 65 galaxies, i.e., 54 galaxies from the spectroscopic sample and 11 from the ancillary sample, as described below.
The primary sample we selected are galaxies from Paper I that were observed with GMOS-N plus those that were observed with FLAMES from Paper II. The field of view of the ACS/WFC/F625W image contains 43 galaxies from Paper I and 29 galaxies from Paper II. The two samples have 18 galaxies in common, so our entire spectroscopic sample consists of 54 individual galaxies.
We performed a two-dimensional photometric decomposition of the spectroscopic sample. This also required photometric analysis of 11 additional galaxies that affect the surface-brightness distribution of some of the spectroscopic sample galaxies on account of their proximity (Sect. \[sec:fitproc\]). These 11 galaxies were therefore modelled with the aim of subtracting their two-dimensional surface-brightness distributions to improve the fits for the primary sample. We provide the derived parameters of our photometric decomposition as ancillary data.
Visual inspection of the images of the spectroscopy sample reveals that 41 are ETGs and 13 are late-type galaxies (LTGs; i.e., spirals). We list galaxy names, coordinates, morphological classification, and central stellar velocity dispersions $\sigma_{\star}$ (see Sect. \[sec:sigma\_star\]) of the spectroscopic sample in Table \[tab:spec\_sample\]. Our visual inspection of the contaminating galaxies forming the ancillary sample reveals that nine galaxies are ETGs and two are LTGs (Table \[tab:ancill\_sample\]).
----- --------- ------------- -------------- ------- ----- ----------------- -----
S01 286,— 13 11 23.09 $-$1 21 17.1 Late G 150.7 $\pm$ 2.9 No
S02 341, 28 13 11 24.47 $-$1 21 10.9 Early G,F 190.5 $\pm$ 3.6 Yes
S03 368,— 13 11 25.39 $-$1 20 36.8 Late G 167.1 $\pm$ 3.3 No
S04 371,— 13 11 25.41 $-$1 20 17.0 Early G 166.9 $\pm$ 6.5 Yes
S05 390, 30 13 11 25.96 $-$1 19 51.7 Early G,F 171.5 $\pm$ 3.3 Yes
S06 398, 14 13 11 26.24 $-$1 19 56.3 Early G,F 280.2 $\pm$ 4.7 Yes
S07 433,— 13 11 26.93 $-$1 19 40.5 Early G 67.7 $\pm$ 11.8 Yes
S08 435, 16 13 11 26.94 $-$1 19 36.6 Early G,F 151.7 $\pm$ 4.1 Yes
S09 463, 13 13 11 27.43 $-$1 20 2.3 Early G,F 182.7 $\pm$ 3.6 Yes
S10 476,— 13 11 27.86 $-$1 20 7.5 Early G 260.4 $\pm$ 5.1 Yes
S11 481,— 13 11 27.94 $-$1 21 36.5 Early G 143.8 $\pm$ 4.1 Yes
S12 501,— 13 11 28.25 $-$1 20 43.3 Late G 149.1 $\pm$ 4.8 No
S13 508,— 13 11 28.39 $-$1 19 58.3 Late G 126.9 $\pm$ 5.5 No
S14 514, 29 13 11 28.48 $-$1 20 24.9 Early G,F 179.5 $\pm$ 2.3 Yes
S15 531,— 13 11 28.78 $-$1 19 2.4 Late G 101.5 $\pm$ 6.8 No
S16 549, 10 13 11 29.04 $-$1 21 16.6 Early G,F 220.3 $\pm$ 2.9 Yes
S17 567, 17 13 11 29.35 $-$1 19 16.4 Early G,F 250.4 $\pm$ 3.8 No
S18 584, 12 13 11 29.52 $-$1 20 27.8 Early G,F 270.2 $\pm$ 5.0 Yes
S19 593,— 13 11 29.79 $-$1 21 0.5 Early G 131.9 $\pm$ 3.2 Yes
S20 601,— 13 11 29.91 $-$1 20 14.9 Early G 109.3 $\pm$ 6.7 Yes
S21 610, 9 13 11 30.02 $-$1 20 39.9 Late G,F 122.1 $\pm$ 2.3 No
S22 635,— 13 11 30.42 $-$1 20 45.2 Early G 255.0 $\pm$ 3.6 Yes
S23 636,— 13 11 30.43 $-$1 20 34.7 Early G 152.6 $\pm$ 5.5 Yes
S24 645,— 13 11 30.62 $-$1 20 43.5 Early G 175.9 $\pm$ 4.5 Yes
S25 655,— 13 11 30.84 $-$1 20 30.5 Early G 151.5 $\pm$ 3.4 Yes
S26 670, 25 13 11 31.14 $-$1 21 27.6 Early G,F 240.9 $\pm$ 4.4 Yes
S27 677,— 13 11 31.17 $-$1 21 24.9 Early G 185.8 $\pm$ 5.9 Yes
S28 690, 5 13 11 31.45 $-$1 19 32.5 Early G,F 285.0 $\pm$ 2.4 Yes
S29 698,— 13 11 31.57 $-$1 19 24.4 Late G 94.0 $\pm$ 5.6 No
S30 717, 18 13 11 32.04 $-$1 19 24.1 Early G,F 182.5 $\pm$ 3.9 Yes
S31 723, 24 13 11 32.14 $-$1 21 37.9 Early G,F 183.4 $\pm$ 3.8 Yes
S32 724,— 13 11 32.14 $-$1 19 36.0 Late G 37.2 $\pm$ 13.1 No
S33 726,— 13 11 32.16 $-$1 19 46.5 Late G 218.0 $\pm$ 2.6 No
S34 753, 6 13 11 32.71 $-$1 19 58.3 Early G,F 312.6 $\pm$ 2.6 Yes
S35 755,— 13 11 32.72 $-$1 20 58.2 Early G 92.8 $\pm$ 6.5 Yes
S36 756, 19 13 11 32.76 $-$1 19 31.4 Early G,F 266.9 $\pm$ 3.1 Yes
S37 814,— 13 11 34.10 $-$1 21 1.7 Late G 130.1 $\pm$ 3.9 No
S38 816,— 13 11 34.13 $-$1 21 18.4 Early G 114.8 $\pm$ 3.4 Yes
S39 848, 22 13 11 34.81 $-$1 20 59.0 Early G,F 185.7 $\pm$ 3.4 Yes
S40 852, 21 13 11 34.91 $-$1 20 4.2 Early G,F 116.7 $\pm$ 3.1 Yes
S41 874,— 13 11 35.40 $-$1 21 33.0 Early G 205.9 $\pm$ 2.7 Yes
S42 883,— 13 11 35.65 $-$1 20 12.0 Late G 49.2 $\pm$ 8.2 No
S43 906,— 13 11 36.68 $-$1 19 42.5 Late G 37.2 $\pm$ 9.3 No
S44 —, 1 13 11 28.14 $-$1 19 31.4 Early F 236.8 $\pm$ 6.6 Yes
S45 —, 2 13 11 28.07 $-$1 18 43.6 Early F 93.8 $\pm$ 4.8 Yes
S46 —, 3 13 11 29.44 $-$1 18 34.4 Early F 198.9 $\pm$ 5.6 Yes
S47 —, 4 13 11 31.92 $-$1 18 53.5 Early F 101.5 $\pm$ 6.3 Yes
S48 —, 7 13 11 34.82 $-$1 19 24.3 Early F 129.1 $\pm$ 4.3 Yes
S49 —, 8 13 11 30.32 $-$1 20 29.0 Early F 223.7 $\pm$ 3.3 Yes
S50 —, 11 13 11 27.88 $-$1 21 12.7 Late F 112.3 $\pm$ 4.0 No
S51 —, 15 13 11 25.14 $-$1 19 30.8 Early F 161.1 $\pm$ 5.9 Yes
S52 —, 23 13 11 31.12 $-$1 20 52.4 Early F 181.4 $\pm$ 5.6 Yes
S53 —, 26 13 11 30.10 $-$1 20 42.6 Early F 250.0 $\pm$ 5.9 Yes
S54 —, 27 13 11 30.07 $-$1 20 28.3 Early F 231.7 $\pm$ 6.1 Yes
----- --------- ------------- -------------- ------- ----- ----------------- -----
[*Note.*]{} Col. (1): galaxy ID from this paper. Col. (2): galaxy ID from paper I and/or from paper II. Col. (3): right ascension (J2000.0). Col. (4): declination (J2000.0). Col. (5): Early/late type classification. Col. (6): spectroscopic data available, GMOS-N (G) and/or FLAMES (F). Col. (7): central stellar velocity dispersion and its 1$\sigma$ error. Col. (8): sample adopted in FP analysis.
Two-dimensional surface-brightness fits {#sec:2Dparam_fit}
=======================================
To perform a photometric decomposition of each galaxy, we used the code [GASP2D]{}, which is described in detail by [@mend08; @mend14]. Briefly, [GASP2D]{} assumes that the surface-brightness distribution of elliptical galaxies consists of a single bulge component, and that disc galaxies are the sum of a bulge, a disc and, if necessary, a bar component. Each structure has elliptical and concentric isophotes with constant ellipticity, $\epsilon=1-q$, and constant position angle (PA). This algorithm has been used successfully to model ellipticals and brightest cluster galaxies [e.g., @asc11], unbarred and barred disc galaxies [e.g., @mor12], active galaxies with an unresolved component [e.g., @ben13], high-$z$ galaxies [@zan16], and, more recently, the large sample of galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area data release 3 [CALIFA-DR3, @mend17].
Photometric model {#sec:photmod}
-----------------
For ellipticals and bulge components, we adopt the [@Sersic1963] law, i.e., $$I_{\rm b}(r)=I_{\rm e}\,{\rm e}^{-b_n\left[\left(r/r_{\rm e}
\right)^{1/n}-1\right]},
\label{eqn:bulge_surfbright}$$ where $r_{\rm e}$, $I_{\rm e}$, and $n$ are the effective (or half-light) radius, the surface brightness at $r_{\rm e}$, and a shape parameter describing the curvature of the surface-brightness profile, respectively. The value of $b_n$ is coupled to $n$ so that half of the total luminosity of the bulge is within $r_{\rm e}$ and can be approximated as $b_n = 2n -0.324$ [@cio91]. The total luminosity of the bulge is $$L_{\rm bulge} = 2 \pi I_{\rm 0,bulge} \,n
\,r_{\rm e}^{2}\frac{\Gamma(2n)}{b_{n}^{2n}} \,q_{\rm bulge},
\label{eq:total_bulge}$$ where $I_{\rm 0,bulge}=I_{\rm e}\,10^{b_n}$ is the central surface brightness of the bulge, $q_{\rm bulge}$ is the bulge axial ratio, and $\Gamma$ is the Euler gamma function.
We consider as a special case the [@deV48] law, which is essentially Eq. \[eqn:bulge\_surfbright\] with a fixed value of the Sérsic index $n=4$.
We describe the surface brightness of the disc component by an exponential law [@Freeman70], $$I_{\rm d}(r) = I_{\rm 0,disc}\,e^{-r/h},
\label{eqn:disc_surfbright}$$ where $I_{\rm 0,disc}$ and $h$ are the central surface brightness and scale-length of the disc, respectively. The total luminosity of the disc is $$L_{\rm disc} = 2 \pi I_{\rm 0,disc}\,h^2\,q_{\rm disc},
\label{eq:total_disc}$$ where $q_{\rm disc}$ is the disc axial ratio.
We adopt the radial surface-brightness profile of a [@Ferrers1877] ellipsoid to describe bar components, $$I_{\rm bar}(r) = \left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
I_{\rm 0,bar} \left[1- \left(\frac{r}{r_{\rm bar}} \right)^2
\right]^{n_{\rm bar}+0.5} & \mbox{$r \le r_{\rm bar}$} \\
0 & \mbox{$r > r_{\rm bar}$} ,
\end{array}
\right.
\label{eq:ferrers}$$ where $I_{\rm 0,bar}$, $r_{\rm bar}$, and $n_{\rm bar}$ are the central surface brightness, length, and shape parameter of the surface-brightness profile of the bar, respectively. The total luminosity of the bar is $$L_{\rm bar} = 2 \pi I_{\rm 0, bar} r_{\rm bar}^{4}
\int_{0}^{\infty}r (r_{\rm bar}^{2}-r^{2})^{n_{\rm bar}+0.5} dr.
\label{eq:total_ferrers_n}$$
We chose to fix the $n_{\rm bar}$ parameter at $n_{\rm bar}=2$, following [@Lau05]. The total luminosity of the bar for $n_{\rm bar}=2$ is $$L_{\rm bar}= \pi I_{\rm 0,bar} (1-\epsilon_{\rm bar})
r_{\rm bar}^{2}\frac{\Gamma(7/2)}{\Gamma(9/2)}.
\label{eq:total_ferrers_2}$$
Fitting procedure {#sec:fitproc}
-----------------
We performed multiple fits of the sky-subtracted images of the galaxies. Specifically, each ETG was fitted
1. as a single bulge component following a de Vaucouleurs profile (fits hereafter referred to as );
2. as a single bulge component following a Sérsic profile, (hereafter );
3. as a sum of a bulge following a Sérsic profile, and a disc component (hereafter ); or
4. when a bar is present, also as a sum of a bulge following a Sérsic profile, a disc, and a bar component (hereafter ).
Each LTG was fitted with a model, or a model in cases where a bar was detected.
Since [GASP2D]{} accounts for seeing effects, for each galaxy we used an appropriate PSF, whose details are given in Paper I.
----- ------------- -------------- -------
A01 13 11 27.27 $-$1 20 09.7 Late
A02 13 11 30.26 $-$1 20 51.6 Early
A03 13 11 31.03 $-$1 21 27.6 Early
A04 13 11 28.38 $-$1 18 44.6 Early
A05 13 11 28.08 $-$1 19 28.1 Early
A06 13 11 24.21 $-$1 21 07.4 Late
A07 13 11 30.95 $-$1 20 27.6 Early
A08 13 11 30.05 $-$1 20 17.1 Early
A09 13 11 29.81 $-$1 20 19.6 Early
A10 13 11 28.65 $-$1 20 26.3 Early
A11 13 11 29.20 $-$1 21 20.5 Early
----- ------------- -------------- -------
: []{data-label="tab:ancill_sample"}
[*Note.*]{} Col. (1): galaxy ID (Fig. \[fig:FoV\]). Col. (2): right ascension (J2000.0). Col. (3): declination (J200.0). Col. (4): Early/Late type classification.
The choice of the region in which we perform the $\chi^2$ minimization (see @mend08 for details on the minimization algorithm) is a crucial issue. After extensive testing with mock galaxies, we concluded that the most-suitable maximum fitting radius, $r_{\rm
max}$, is where $I(r_{\rm max})=1.5 \,\sigma_{\rm sky}$. Indeed we created artificial galaxies as described in Sect. \[sec:err\_photfit\], and performed photometric decompositions to a limit surface brightness of $0.1\,\sigma_{\rm sky}$, $0.25\,\sigma_{\rm sky}$, $0.50\,\sigma_{\rm sky}$, $0.75\,\sigma_{\rm
sky}$, $1.0\,\sigma_{\rm sky}$,..., and $4.5\,\sigma_{\rm sky}$. We then analysed the distribution of the errors on the parameters (as in Sect. \[sec:err\_photfit\]). Extending the fitting area to pixels where the sky noise dominates over the surface-brightness of the galaxy leads to significant systematic errors in the fitted photometric parameters. In particular, it leads to an overestimate of $R_e$ and Sérsic index $n$, if a single Sérsic component is fitted, and an overestimate of $R_e$, $n$, and also the scale length $h$, if a sum of Sérsic and exponential components are fitted. In both cases, the size of the galaxy is overestimated. On the other hand, if the fit is performed within a region that is too restricted, the size of the galaxy derived from the photometric decomposition is underestimated. We find that thorough testing to identify the optimal maximum fitting radius is essential to avoiding potentially severe systematic errors in scaling relations involving galaxy sizes.
It is challenging to fit the surface brightness distributions of galaxies that overlap. Each of these galaxies consequently has an underlying surface brightness gradient that is due to its neighbours, and cannot be neglected. It must be treated as extra background light that must be removed. Although [GASP2D]{} is able to fit multiple galaxies simultaneously, dealing with more than two galaxies at once leads to degeneracy in the fit parameters. Therefore, for each galaxy, we took into account contamination due to the neighbours by subtracting their surface brightness models in an iterative way.
The proximity problem is particularly onerous in two dense regions of the cluster, marked “A” and “B” in Fig. \[fig:FoV\]. Region A, which is the centre of the cluster with a surface area of $\sim 0.5$ arcmin$^2$, includes thirteen of our galaxies. As noted in Sect. \[sec:sample\], we fitted eleven ancillary galaxies in the field of view whose surface brightness affects the sample galaxies and whose photometric decomposition is presented in this paper. Five of these additional galaxies are in region A. We thus modelled the central eighteen galaxies in the following iterative fashion:
1. Fit the central cD galaxy (galaxy S18) and subtract its model;
2. Fit the outer less-contaminated galaxies and subtract their models;
3. Proceeding inward, fit the less-contaminated galaxies and subtract their models[^3];
4. Repeat the previous step until the sample is complete;
5. Repeat steps (i)–(iv) for each galaxy. Each fit is performed on the observed image from which the models of the surrounding galaxies from the most recent iteration are subtracted, leaving a final image that contains only the galaxy currently being modelled.
Step (v) is repeated until consistent values of fitted parameters for the whole central sample are obtained. For region A, we performed step (v) six times to obtain convergence. The comparison between the observed surface-brightness distributions of the eighteen galaxies in the centre of Abell 1689 and their models is shown in Fig. \[fig:synth\_centre\].
We then subtracted from the whole observed ACS/WFC/F625W image the models of the eighteen galaxies and used the resulting image to fit the seven galaxies in region B. We used the same iterative method described above, starting with the most extended galaxy (galaxy S34).
Finally, we subtracted from the original observed image the models of the twenty-five galaxies fitted in regions A and B and used the resulting image to fit the rest of the sample galaxies. We adopted the iterative method described above for a few sub-groups of three or four galaxies. When the iterative process converged, we cut a frame for each sample galaxy and used it for the final fits. In all cases, the individual frames were large enough to include the entire region defined by $r_{\rm max}$.
We were able to fit all the galaxies with the exception of S17. In this case, inspection reveals the presence of an edge-on disk, for which a thick-disk model is required. [GASP2D]{} is not yet able to fit a thick-disk model, so only and fits of S17 were performed.
Error estimates {#sec:err_photfit}
---------------
To estimate the errors on the fitted parameters, we ran a series of Monte Carlo simulations. For every fit type — , , , and — we created 250 artificial galaxies characterised by parameters appropriate to the specific model. Simulations were carried out in one-magnitude bins, and five bins were required to cover the luminosity range of our sample. Thus, for each fit type, about 1250 artificial galaxies were created. Each parameter $p_i$ was randomly chosen in the range $p_{\rm min}- 0.3
p_{\rm min}< p_i <p_{\rm max}+0.3\,p_{\rm max}$, where $p_{\rm min}$ and $p_{\rm max}$ are the minimum and maximum values of the fitted parameter on the real images in that particular magnitude bin.
The size of each artificial frame is $700\times 700$ pixel$^2$, equivalent to $21\times21$ arcsec$^2$ (pixel scale $=0.03$ arcsec pixel$^{-1}$). This is large enough to enclose $r_{\rm max}$ for all fits. We separately produced 250 mock galaxies in frames of $1600\times 1600$ pixel$^2$, equivalent to $48\times48$ arcsec$^2$, to run simulations for the central cD galaxy. All the synthetic galaxies were convolved with a PSF that was randomly chosen from those produced for the fits to the observed image. The pixel scale, CCD gain, and read-out-noise of the artificial images match those of the real HST/ACS/F625W image. In addition, we added photon noise in order to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio consistent with that of the original image.
We then ran the [GASP2D]{} two-dimensional parametric decomposition as described above to analyze the images of the mock galaxies. We studied the distribution of the relative errors on the parameters as $(p_{\rm output}/p_{\rm input}-1)$. For position angles and axis ratios we derived the absolute errors, $(p_{\rm output}-p_{\rm
input})$. All the distributions appear to be nearly Gaussian. We measured the median and absolute deviation of each distribution and applied $5\sigma$-clipping to reject outliers. Median values were used to detect the possible presence of systematic errors and the absolute deviations were used to derive the errors on the single parameters. We did not identify any systematic errors, as all median values are consistent with zero.
In Table \[tab:phot\_par\], we present the best-fit observed parameters with their errors for the whole sample, adopting , , and models according to the morphological classification presented in Sect. \[sec:morph\]. In Figures \[fig:fit\_S01\]-\[fig:fit\_A11\] we show the corresponding [ GASP2D]{} fits. We give the results of the photometric decomposition of the ETGs of the spectroscopic sample with and models in Tables \[tab:devauc\_par\] and \[tab:sersic\_par\], respectively.
Morphological Classification {#sec:morph}
============================
We were able to distinguish between ETGs and LTGs by visual inspection, as mentioned in Sect. \[sec:sample\], because the presence of spiral arms is clearly detectable given the high signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution of the data.
Nevertheless, on the basis of visual inspection alone, it is not always possible to distinguish among ellipticals (E), unbarred lenticulars (S0), and possibly barred lenticulars (SB0), or to distinguish between spirals (S) and barred spirals (SB). This necessitates a more sophisticated and quantitative approach. We therefore made use of the multi-component photometric decompositions and use the isophotal parameters derived in our fits to check for signatures of bars and discs. Barred galaxies are characterised by the presence of a local maximum in the ellipticity radial profile and constant PA in the bar region [e.g., @ague09]. A disc component is characterised by an exponential surface-brightness radial profile with constant ellipticity and PA.
By the combination of visual inspection and analysis of the isophotal parameters, we are able to detect with confidence the presence of a bar and therefore classify a galaxy as spiral (S), barred spiral (SB), or barred lenticular (SB0).
A more difficult problem arises when we need to distinguish between an E and S0, i.e., detect the presence of a disc. We note that for an E or S0, a model is always a poorer fit than a model, as the former has seven free parameters (i.e., $I_e$, $r_e,n$, $\epsilon_b$, PA$_b$, and the centre $x_0$, $y_0$) and the latter has four more ($I_0$, $h$, $\epsilon_d$, PA$_d$). We therefore conservatively classify a galaxy as an S0 only if we can associate the fitted exponential component to a real structure of the galaxy and not use it just as a mathematical expedient [see also @fri05; @mend17].
For each candidate E or S0 galaxy, we visually examined the ellipse-averaged radial profile of the surface brightness, ellipticity, and position angle. We also compared the and fits, and closely inspected the modelled and residual images, as the latter are particularly useful for detection of any structured residual of the galaxy. If an outer exponential component is present, the galaxy is classified as S0. If no outer exponential is detected or the result is ambiguous, the galaxy is classified as S0 if both the ellipticity and PA radial profiles are better fitted with a , otherwise the galaxy is classified as E. No additional spiral galaxies were detected from the analysis of the residuals of the photometric decomposition.
The method used to classify the galaxies is shown in the flowchart in Fig. \[fig:flowchart\]. We further subclassified the ellipticals as E$n$, where $n$ is the integer approximating the value $10\times(1-q_{\rm bulge})$ and $0<n<6$, following the [@vdb76] classification. For unbarred and barred S0s and spirals, we also used the subclasses “a, b, c” [@vdb76] on the basis of the disc-to-bulge luminosity ratio [@kor12 Kormendy, private communication].
Galaxy S18 is a cD, a giant elliptical with a typical extended envelope which is very well fit by an exponential component. Thus, its total surface-brightness distribution is best fit by a model.
The morphological classification of the galaxies and the features that allow us to discriminate among the different classes are shown in Table \[tab:morph\_type\]. Es are better fit by a model, S0s and Ss by a model, and SB0s and SBs by a model. The model provides poorer fits of our ETGs than the model, given that typically, Sérsic indices $n\neq4$.
----- ------- --- ---------------------- ----------- --- ---
Spectroscopic sample
S01 Sb Y N
S02 S0b N N Y
S03 SBbc Y Y
S04 E2 N N N N N
S05 E2 N N N N N
S06 E4 N N N Y N
S07 S0b N N Y
S08 S0ab N N not clear Y Y
S09 S0ab N N Y
S10 S0ab N N Y
S11 S0b N N Y
S12 SBb Y Y
S13 Sb Y N
S14 S0ab N N Y
S15 SBbc Y Y
S16 S0ab N N Y
S17 S0 N N Y
S18 cD N N Y
S19 S0ab N N Y
S20 SB0bc N Y
S21 SBbc Y Y
S22 S0ab N N Y
S23 S0ab N N not clear Y Y
S24 S0b N N Y
S25 SB0ab N Y
S26 S0ab N N Y
S27 E1 N N not clear Y N
S28 E2 N N N N N
S29 Sbc Y N
S30 S0a N N Y
S31 E3 N N N N N
S32 Sb Y N
S33 Sb Y N
S34 S0ab N N Y
S35 S0ab N N Y
S36 S0ab N N Y
S37 SBc Y Y
S38 S0ab N N Y
S39 SB0ab N Y
S40 S0b N N Y
S41 S0b N N Y
S42 Sc Y N
S43 SBc Y Y
S44 S0b N N Y
S45 S0b N N Y
S46 S0ab N N Y
S47 S0ab N N Y
S48 SB0ab N Y
S49 S0ab N N not clear Y Y
S50 SBb Y Y
S51 S0a N N not clear Y Y
S52 S0b N N Y
S53 S0b N N Y
S54 S0b N N not clear Y Y
Ancillary sample
A01 Sc Y N
A02 S0b N N Y
A03 S0ab N N not clear Y Y
A04 S0bc N N Y
A05 E5 N N N N N
A06 Sab Y N
A07 S0b N N Y
A08 S0ab N N Y
A09 E2 N N not clear N N
A10 S0ab N N Y
A11 S0bc N N Y
----- ------- --- ---------------------- ----------- --- ---
[*Note.*]{} Col. (1): galaxy ID (Fig. \[fig:FoV\]). Col. (2): morphological type. Col. (3): presence of spiral arms. Col. (4): presence of a bar. Col. (5): presence of an outer exponential component. Col. (6): $\epsilon$ radial profile better fitted with a rather than a . Col. (7): PA radial profile better fitted with a rather than a .
FP Analysis {#sec:FP}
===========
The sample analysed to determine the FP coefficients for Abell 1689 is composed of the ETGs of the spectroscopic sample with successful photometric decomposition. Only galaxy S17 is excluded from this analysis on account of its edge-on disk component (Sect. \[sec:fitproc\]), so the total sample used in the FP analysis consists of the 40 galaxies listed in Table \[tab:spec\_sample\] .
Central stellar velocity dispersions {#sec:sigma_star}
------------------------------------
We use central stellar velocity dispersions $\sigma_{\star}$ from Paper I, which are already corrected to a standard projected aperture of 1.62 kpc, equivalent to 3.4 arcsec at the distance of the Coma galaxy cluster [@jor95b]. Stellar velocity dispersions of the sample galaxies from Paper II were re-extracted for this study from the FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra using a synthetic circular aperture that projects to $1.62\,$ kpc and adjusting the seeing to that of the GMOS-N data (${\rm FWHM} \approx 1$ arcsec). For the 18 galaxies for which we have both GMOS-N and re-extracted FLAMES measurements, we take $\sigma_{\star}$ to be the weighted mean of the two values. The comparison between GMOS-N, re-extracted FLAMES, and mean velocity dispersions is shown in Fig. \[fig:sigma\_comp\]. The average difference between GMOS-N and FLAMES stellar velocity dispersion values, $\left<\sigma_{{\rm
GMOS-N},i}-\sigma_{{\rm FLAMES},i}\right>=4.3$ kms$^{-1}$, that is within the mean $1\sigma$ error in the velocity dispersion ($\left<1\sigma_{\rm FLAMES}\right>=5.9$ kms$^{-1}$ and $\left<1\sigma_{\rm GMOS-N}\right>=4.4$ kms$^{-1}$). For this reason we conclude that the two sets of data are consistent. The values of $\sigma_{\star}$ adopted for this analysis are given in Table \[tab:spec\_sample\].
![Central stellar velocity dispersions from GMOS-N (red open circles) and FLAMES (black filled circles) versus the adopted $\sigma_{\star}$ values. The continuous line defines the one-to-one relation.[]{data-label="fig:sigma_comp"}](GMOS_FLAMES_sigmas_log_mean_diff.ps)
FP fits of Abell 1689 ETGs {#sec:fp_fits}
--------------------------
We use the fitting algorithm [LTS\_PLANEFIT]{} described by @cap13, which combines the robust Least Trimmed Squares technique of @rou06 with a least-squares fitting algorithm that allows for errors in all variables as well as intrinsic scatter. The best-fitting plane is defined as $z=a+b(x-x_0)+c(y-y_0)$, where $x_0$ and $y_0$ are the median of the measured values $x_j$ and $y_j$, respectively. The intrinsic scatter, $\epsilon_z$, is in the $z$-coordinate and defined in Sect. 3.2.1 of @cap13 [Eq. 7 and following paragraph]. The observed scatter, $\Delta$, is defined as the standard deviation of $[a+b(x_j-x_0)+c(y_j-y_0)-z_j]$, where $x_j$, $y_j$, and $z_j$ are the fitted data values. In all our fits, we set the clipping parameter to $5\sigma$, which results in no rejections of galaxies. Our choice of a large clipping parameter is driven by two considerations: (i) we have carefully checked each individual galaxy while performing the photometric decomposition and find no physical reason to exclude any galaxy, and (ii) for a direct comparison of the FP fits for different photometric models, we want the sample of galaxies to be the same in each case. The central cD galaxy S18 could be considered an “outlier” for its peculiar surface brightness distribution, but we find consistent results regardless of whether or not S18 is included in the sample.
![Edge-on view of the FP with $\log\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as dependent variable and using $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I
\right>_{\rm e}$ from photometric model (top panel); model (middle panel), and model of bulges (bottom panel), as described in the text. Blue filled circles: ETG sample; red filled squares: bulges of the LTG sample. The LTG sample is not used for the fit and plotted to show how it lies on the FP. The dark- and light-pink shaded regions enclose the $1\sigma$ (equivalent to 68 per cent of the values for a Gaussian distribution) and $2.6\sigma$ (99 per cent) observed scatter, respectively.[]{data-label="fig:fp_re"}](FP_A1689_deVauc.ps "fig:") ![Edge-on view of the FP with $\log\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as dependent variable and using $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I
\right>_{\rm e}$ from photometric model (top panel); model (middle panel), and model of bulges (bottom panel), as described in the text. Blue filled circles: ETG sample; red filled squares: bulges of the LTG sample. The LTG sample is not used for the fit and plotted to show how it lies on the FP. The dark- and light-pink shaded regions enclose the $1\sigma$ (equivalent to 68 per cent of the values for a Gaussian distribution) and $2.6\sigma$ (99 per cent) observed scatter, respectively.[]{data-label="fig:fp_re"}](FP_A1689_Sersic.ps "fig:") ![Edge-on view of the FP with $\log\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as dependent variable and using $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I
\right>_{\rm e}$ from photometric model (top panel); model (middle panel), and model of bulges (bottom panel), as described in the text. Blue filled circles: ETG sample; red filled squares: bulges of the LTG sample. The LTG sample is not used for the fit and plotted to show how it lies on the FP. The dark- and light-pink shaded regions enclose the $1\sigma$ (equivalent to 68 per cent of the values for a Gaussian distribution) and $2.6\sigma$ (99 per cent) observed scatter, respectively.[]{data-label="fig:fp_re"}](FP_A1689_bulges.ps "fig:")
### $\log\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as the dependent variable {#sec:fp_re}
We first fitted the FP in the classical form [@djo87], $$\log \mathcal{R}_{\rm e}=a+b\,\log\sigma_{\star}+
c\,\log \left<I \right>_{\rm e}
\label{eqn:fp_re}$$ where $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}=r_{\rm e}\left(q_{\rm bulge}\right)^{1/2}$ is the circularised effective radius in kpc, $\sigma_{\star}$ is the central stellar velocity dispersion in kms$^{-1}$ (Sect. \[sec:sigma\_star\]), and $\left<I \right>_{\rm e}=I_{\rm
e}\,{\rm exp}(b_n)\,n\,\Gamma(2n)\,b_n^{-2n}$ is the average surface brightness within the effective radius, in $L_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$. The conversion to $L_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$ is obtained from $I=10^{-0.4(\mu-\mu_\odot)}$, where $\mu_\odot=26.222$ mag arcsec$^{-2}$ is a constant depending on the absolute magnitude of the Sun in the observed passband. Each magnitude and surface brightness is corrected for Galactic extinction following @sch98, adopting an absorption $A=0.073$ mag for the coordinates of Abell 1689 in the SDSS-$r$ band. In each case, the surface brightness is also corrected for cosmological $(1+z)^4$ dimming [@tol30].
With the aim of comparing the FP coefficients derived by using different fits for the surface-brightness distributions of the galaxies, we perform the following fits, in which $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_{\rm e}$ are derived from
1\) a model for all the galaxies;
2\) a model for all the galaxies;
3\) a Sérsic model for all galactic bulges, i.e., taken from a model for Es, a model for S0s, and a model for SB0s.
We present FP coefficients along with intrinsic and observed scatter for the three fits in Table \[tab:fp\_results\], and the corresponding plots are shown in Fig. \[fig:fp\_re\]. We note that the FP coefficients for different photometric models are not consistent.
We specify that we derived the FP corresponding to a model because it is usually done in literature, but with the warning that the model is not a good representation of the ETGs and does not provide very reliable values of $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I
\right>_{\rm e}$. The FP derived by using a Sérsic model for all galactic bulges is the tightest, having a smaller intrinsic and observed scatter than the FP derived by adopting a model[^4]. From this, we conclude that the FP is defined by the bulges alone, rather than by the entire galaxies. This conclusion is strengthened by adding the bulges of the LTG sample; they all lie on the FP, with the exception of three galaxies (namely S32, S42, and S43) out of thirteen. These outliers are the galaxies with the lowest value of $\sigma_{\star} \sim 40$ km s$^{-1}$. According to @kor04, they could be pseudo-bulges, which are similar to small discs (and therefore rotation supported) and made by slow evolution internal to galaxy discs. Indeed, the FP relation for elliptical and classical bulges holds till very low values of velocity dispersion [@cos17] and refers to pressure supported systems.
### $\log \,\sigma_{\star}$ as the dependent variable {#sec:fp_sigma}
In the FP fits to the three models described above, only $\sigma_{\star}$ is a fixed parameter common to all three. We therefore repeat the fits using $\log\,\sigma_{\star}$ as the dependent variable, to see whether the minimization process leads to consistent best-fit planes. We present the results in Table \[tab:fp\_results\] and show the results in Fig. \[fig:fp\_sigma\]. Only the fits obtained by using photometric models and Sérsic models of bulges are consistent. We confirm that, with $\log\,\sigma_{\star}$ as the dependent variable, the tightest FP is that derived by the Sérsic bulges. Again, the bulges of LTGs also lie on the FP, with the exception of the three galaxies with $\sigma_{\star}< 50$ km s$^{-1}$.
Comparison with local FPs {#sec:fp_local}
-------------------------
### Coma cluster {#sec:coma}
We first compare the FP we find for Abell 1689 with that derived for the Coma cluster by @jor96 [hereafter JFK96], which is based on an orthogonal fit. This is a classic comparison generally found in literature. For the sake of uniformity, we fit the Coma data with [ LTS\_PLANEFIT]{} and use $\log \mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as the dependent variable, as in JFK96. We take $\sigma_{\star}$ from @jor95b, and photometric parameters in the Gunn-$r$ from @jor95a that were derived from fitting a de Vaucouleur’s law to the observed growth curve. Our best-fit FP is $$\begin{aligned}
\log\,\mathcal{R}_{\rm e} & = &0.432\,(\pm0.012)+1.263\,(\pm0.073)\,\log
\,\sigma_{\star} \nonumber\\
& & -0.810\,(\pm0.037)\,\log\,\left<I\right>_{\rm e}, \end{aligned}$$ which has $a$, $b$, and $c$ values consistent with those of JFK96 to within 1$\sigma$(we note that the zero-point of the FP in JFK96 corresponds to ($a-b\,{\rm log}\,\sigma_{\star,0}-c\,\rm log\,
\left<I \right>_{e,0})$.
The ACS/WFC/F625W image of Abell 1689 at $z=0.183$ corresponds approximately to the rest-frame $V$-band. We compute an average colour within the effective radius $(V-R)_{\rm Gunn}=1.22$mag from a sample of fourteen Coma cluster galaxies from @jor95a and use this value to derive $\left<\mu\right>_e$ in $V$-band. We verified that we could use a common colour within the effective radius for E and S0 galaxies, deriving $(V-R)_{\rm Gunn}$ for the two classes of galaxies [the morphological type was taken from @dre80]. We found consistent values. As a further test to increase the sample, we derived the average colour within the effective radius $(B_{\rm Johnson}-R_{\rm Gunn})=1.15$mag for thirty-one ETGs [from @jor95a] and again colours for Es and S0s were in agreement. We then fit the Coma data to obtain the FP in the $V$-band (hereafter FP$_{\rm Coma}$), that is consistent with the Gunn-$r$ FP. We present all our derived FP$_{\rm Coma}$ values in Table \[tab:fp\_results\_comp\]. We compare FP$_{\rm Coma}$ with our derived FP for Abell 1689 by adopting a model for $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_{\rm e}$ and adopting $\log\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as the dependent variable, for the sake of consistency. We find that from the local Coma cluster to Abell 1689 there is a decrease in the parameter $b$, from $1.279\pm0.012$ for Coma to $1.092\pm0.084$ for Abell 1689. The parameter $c$ is consistent for the two clusters. We show the edge-on view of FP$_{\rm
Coma}$ together with the Abell 1689 data in Fig. \[fig:comp\_fp\]. We also plot the values of parameters $b$ and $c$ for the two clusters.
![Edge-on view of the FP with log $\sigma$ as dependent variable and using $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_e$ from different photometric models. For a description of panels and symbols see Fig.\[fig:fp\_re\].[]{data-label="fig:fp_sigma"}](FP_A1689_deVauc_sigma.ps "fig:") ![Edge-on view of the FP with log $\sigma$ as dependent variable and using $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_e$ from different photometric models. For a description of panels and symbols see Fig.\[fig:fp\_re\].[]{data-label="fig:fp_sigma"}](FP_A1689_Sersic_sigma.ps "fig:") ![Edge-on view of the FP with log $\sigma$ as dependent variable and using $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_e$ from different photometric models. For a description of panels and symbols see Fig.\[fig:fp\_re\].[]{data-label="fig:fp_sigma"}](FP_A1689_bulges_sigma.ps "fig:")
### WINGS survey
We can also compare our FP with that derived from the WIde-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey [WINGS, @fas06; @don08]. We took spectroscopic and $V$-band photometric data of the “WINGS/W+S” sample of 282 galaxies [@don08 private communication[^5]], which are ETGs belonging to thirteen nearby clusters in the redshift range $0.04<z<0.07$. We obtain values for $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I
\right>_e$ by fitting a Sérsic law to a growth curve.
For a more appropriate comparison, we fit the WINGS data with [ LTS\_PLANEFIT]{}, and use log$\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as the dependent variable, as did @don08. The derived FP coefficients (hereafter, FP$_{\rm WINGS}$) are presented in Table \[tab:fp\_results\]. They are in agreement with those of [@don08], which are based on an orthogonal fit. We compare the FP$_{\rm WINGS}$ with that derived for Abell 1689 with $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as the dependent variable and use a photometric model. The edge-on view of the WINGS FP and Abell 1689 data is shown in Fig. \[fig:comp\_fp\]. We see a decrease in the value of the parameter $b$ and an increase in the parameter $c$ from the local WINGS FP to the that of Abell 1689[^6]. The parameters $b$ and $c$ for the two samples are plotted in Fig. \[fig:comp\_fp\].
   
Discussion and conclusions {#sec:end}
==========================
We perform a careful photometric analysis of 65 galaxies, specifically 50 ETGs and 15 LTGs, in the cluster Abell 1689 using rest-frame $V$-band ACS images. A two-dimensional multi-structure photometric decomposition of each galaxy provides a complete morphological classification. For our sample, a model of Es provides a better fit than a model, as on average, Sérsic indices $n\neq4$. This is true also for the bulges of S0s, which are also well fit by a Sérsic profile, and S0s are well represented by a model. For Ss, we present models, and for SBs and SB0s we provide models.
We use a sample of 40 ETGs to derive the FP by adopting $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_{\rm e}$ from different photometric models, i.e., a model, a model, and a Sérsic model for galaxy bulges. We find that the corresponding FP coefficients are not consistent within $1\sigma$ if we choose log $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ as the dependent variable. This is partially confirmed if we choose $\log\sigma_{\star}$ as the dependent variable, in which case only FPs derived from models and Sérsic models of bulges are in agreement. In both cases, the bulges of LTGs follow the FP, with the exception of three galaxies, out of thirteen, all with $\sigma_{\star}<50$ km s$^{-1}$. The tightest FP is the one derived by using a Sérsic model of the galactic bulges, thus the FP is better defined by the bulges alone rather than the entire galaxies.
Similar studies have already been published, e.g., @kel00a compare the photometric parameters derived by fitting their sample, at $z=0.33$, with a pure de Vaucouleurs law, a Sérsic law, and a combination of a de Vaucouleurs bulge plus exponential disc; while they find large uncertainties on $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$, they conclude that this does not affect the FP analysis [in @kel00b], because the product $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}\left<I \right>_{\rm e}^{-c}$ which enters the FP, remains stable. This result was confirmed by @fer11, who analysed ETGs in the redshift range $0.2<z<1.2$. Our investigation differs in that we perform a Sérsic bulge plus exponential disc (plus a Ferrers ellipsoid, in case a bar is present) decomposition, and discriminate between Es and S0s (Sect. \[sec:fp\_re\]).
We compare the FP for Abell 1689 with the FP derived for local samples. We first perform the classic comparison with FP$_{\rm
Coma}$, where $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ and $\left<I \right>_{\rm e}$ are based on a de Vaucouleurs law fitting procedure. We find a hint of evolution in the $b$ parameter, in the sense of decreasing with redshift. The evolution is more evident if we make the comparison with FP$_{\rm WINGS}$, where the photometric parameters were derived with a Sérsic model. The FP of Abell 1689 shows both an offset and rotation, given that $b$ decreases and $c$ increases with redshift. Interestingly enough, this trend is in agreement with @dis05, who studied a sample of galaxies in the range $0.88<z<1.3$, in the rest-frame $B$-band, and adopting a two-dimensional Sérsic model for the surface brightness distribution. This study is based on field galaxies, but @dis06a [@dis06b] show that ETGs are the same in the field [using the sample of @dis05] and in the clusters [using two clusters at z=0.8-0.9 from @jor06; @jor07]. We use the comparison with @dis05 for consistency in adopting a Sérsic model to derive the photometric parameters which enter the FP. We show their result in Fig. \[fig:comp\_fp\] (bottom-right panel). In our two comparisons, two things diverge: (i) the photometric model, and (ii) the local sample. As for (i), we find in our analysis that a model is poorer than a model in reproducing the surface brightness distribution of ETGs; as for (ii) we think that the WINGS survey, including data for thirteen clusters, is more representative of the global behaviour of local galaxies than the Coma cluster alone. For these reasons we conclude that the FP of Abell 1689 shows an evolution in both the $b$ and $c$ coefficients, in the sense described above. A comparison with a local sample in which Es, S0s, and SB0s are fitted with multiple component surface brightness distributions will be required to confirm this.
For twenty-nine galaxies in our sample, we measure spatially resolved kinematics from FLAMES data (Paper II). In a future paper (Paper IV, in preparation) we will use the two-dimensional kinematic maps, alongside ACS photometry to fit dynamical models and measure accurate dynamical masses [@cap07]. We will therefore investigate the systematic variation of the stellar and dynamical mass-to-light ratios, and compare these measurements to the prediction of the FP.
[ccccccc]{}\
& & & & & &\
& & & & & &\
& &\
\
$0.468\pm0.012$ & $1.092\pm0.084$ & $-0.817\pm0.039$ & 0.072 & 0.073 & 2.262 & 2.576\
\
$0.532\pm0.015$ & $1.057\pm0.104$ & $-0.680\pm0.033$ & 0.091 & 0.091 & 2.262 & 2.475\
\
$0.065\pm0.013$ & $1.239\pm0.089$ & $-0.714\pm0.024$ & 0.070 & 0.079 & 2.262 & 3.054\
& &\
\
$2.209\pm0.010$ & $0.756\pm0.060$ & $0.635\pm0.054$ & 0.060 & 0.060 & 0.3996 & 2.576\
\
$2.243\pm0.012$ & $0.704\pm0.069$ & $0.490\pm0.051$ & 0.074 & 0.076 & 0.5064 & 2.475\
\
$2.227\pm0.010$ & $0.705\pm0.050$ & $0.504\pm0.039$ & 0.053 & 0.059 & 0.01504 & 3.054\
[*Note.*]{} Col. (1), col. (2), and col. (3): FP coefficients. Col. (4): intrinsic scatter. Col. (5): observed scatter (dex). Col. (6) and col. (7): median of the fitted $x_i$ and $y_i$ values, respectively. Values of $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ used to fit the FP are in kpc, $\sigma_{\star,0}$ in km/s, and $\left<I \right>_{e,0}$ in $L_\odot/pc^2$.
[ccccccc]{}\
& & & & & &\
& & & & & &\
\
$0.432\pm0.012$ & $1.279\pm0.068$ & $-0.804\pm0.034$ & 0 & 0.081 & 2.219 & 2.645\
\
$0.4262\pm0.0056$ & $1.345\pm0.050$ & $-0.769\pm0.020$ & 0.076 & 0.100 & 2.166 & 2.408\
[*Note.*]{} Col. (1), col. (2), and col. (3): FP coefficients. Col. (4): intrinsic scatter. Col. (5): observed scatter (dex). Col. (6) and col. (7): median of the fitted $x_i$ and $y_i$ values, respectively. Values of $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}$ used to fit the FP are in kpc, $\sigma_{\star,0}$ in km/s, and $\left<I \right>_{e,0}$ in $L_\odot/pc^2$.
Acknowledgments {#acknowledgments .unnumbered}
===============
EDB was supported by grants 60A02-5857/13, 60A02-5833/14, 60A02-4434/15, and CPDA133894 of Padua University. JMA thanks support from the MINECO through the grant AYA2013-43188-P. RCWH was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council \[STFC grant numbers ST/H002456/1, ST/K00106X/1 & ST/J002216/1\]. EDB acknowledges the Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford and Christ Church College for their hospitality while this paper was in progress.We thank M. D’Onofrio, G. Fasano, and the WINGS team for providing their data. We thank J. Kormendy for supplying the values of disc-to-bulge luminosity ratios to define the a, b, and c subclasses of S0s and spirals. We thank M. D’Onofrio, S. di Serego Alighieri, B. M. Peterson, and A. Pizzella for the useful discussions.
All of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555.
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Additional figures and tables {#appendix}
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[clcccccccccccccc]{} & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &\
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & &\
& & & & & & & & & & & & & & &\
\
S01 & & 19.01 & $19.83\pm0.12$ & $0.22\pm0.017$ & $ 3.59\pm0.12$ & $0.71\pm0.003$ & $ 5.45\pm0.38$ & $20.10\pm0.06$ & $0.90\pm0.019$ & $0.34\pm0.009$ & $ 3.18\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S02 & & 18.77 & $18.22\pm0.12$ & $0.13\pm0.010$ & $ 1.28\pm0.04$ & $0.76\pm0.003$ & $147.28\pm0.38$ & $19.36\pm0.06$ & $0.73\pm0.015$ & $0.37\pm0.009$ & $160.10\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S03 & & 17.54 & $20.55\pm0.12$ & $0.50\pm0.037$ & $ 1.45\pm0.07$ & $0.73\pm0.002$ & $117.68\pm0.28$ & $21.59\pm0.05$ & $2.26\pm0.033$ & $0.95\pm0.006$ & $135.12\pm0.47$ & $21.59\pm 0.05$ & $4.62\pm 0.069$ & $ 0.26\pm 0.006$ & $ 101.82\pm 0.47 $\
S04 & & 18.88 & $24.92\pm0.05$ & $2.94\pm0.069$ & $10.21\pm0.11$ & $0.85\pm0.001$ & $ 20.64\pm0.12$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S05 & & 18.71 & $21.62\pm0.05$ & $0.92\pm0.022$ & $ 3.93\pm0.04$ & $0.76\pm0.001$ & $ 36.11\pm0.12$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S06 & & 18.74 & $20.46\pm0.05$ & $0.62\pm0.015$ & $ 3.06\pm0.03$ & $0.64\pm0.001$ & $ 81.61\pm0.12$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S07 & & 20.10 & $21.33\pm0.09$ & $0.36\pm0.020$ & $ 1.11\pm0.04$ & $0.38\pm0.004$ & $129.93\pm0.47$ & $21.37\pm0.05$ & $1.13\pm0.021$ & $0.32\pm0.008$ & $129.38\pm0.51$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S08 & & 18.79 & $20.31\pm0.12$ & $0.36\pm0.027$ & $ 3.21\pm0.11$ & $0.78\pm0.003$ & $104.17\pm0.38$ & $21.63\pm0.06$ & $1.10\pm0.023$ & $0.88\pm0.009$ & $153.04\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S09 & & 18.53 & $21.37\pm0.12$ & $0.64\pm0.049$ & $ 5.62\pm0.19$ & $0.79\pm0.003$ & $ 63.50\pm0.38$ & $22.61\pm0.06$ & $1.73\pm0.036$ & $0.86\pm0.009$ & $147.45\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S10 & & 18.11 & $18.95\pm0.10$ & $0.24\pm0.013$ & $ 2.05\pm0.06$ & $0.97\pm0.002$ & $132.62\pm0.28$ & $20.52\pm0.05$ & $0.96\pm0.014$ & $0.93\pm0.006$ & $126.46\pm0.47$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S11 & & 19.23 & $19.17\pm0.07$ & $0.13\pm0.004$ & $ 3.05\pm0.12$ & $0.87\pm0.004$ & $129.27\pm0.57$ & $19.49\pm0.01$ & $0.67\pm0.002$ & $0.33\pm0.001$ & $119.78\pm0.12$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S12 & & 18.28 & $19.76\pm0.12$ & $0.26\pm0.020$ & $ 2.18\pm0.11$ & $0.91\pm0.002$ & $146.62\pm0.28$ & $21.50\pm0.05$ & $1.43\pm0.021$ & $0.96\pm0.006$ & $141.21\pm0.47$ & $22.45\pm 0.05$ & $3.78\pm 0.056$ & $ 0.35\pm 0.006$ & $ 87.04\pm 0.47 $\
S13 & & 18.65 & $20.18\pm0.12$ & $0.39\pm0.029$ & $ 2.71\pm0.09$ & $0.54\pm0.003$ & $129.33\pm0.38$ & $20.35\pm0.06$ & $0.92\pm0.019$ & $0.57\pm0.009$ & $141.66\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S14 & & 18.88 & $19.33\pm0.12$ & $0.23\pm0.018$ & $ 2.44\pm0.08$ & $0.89\pm0.003$ & $ 93.02\pm0.38$ & $21.81\pm0.06$ & $1.08\pm0.023$ & $0.88\pm0.009$ & $102.83\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S15 & & 19.65 & $18.95\pm0.11$ & $0.09\pm0.007$ & $ 1.52\pm0.09$ & $0.76\pm0.004$ & $ 15.53\pm0.47$ & $20.85\pm0.05$ & $0.76\pm0.014$ & $0.60\pm0.008$ & $ 25.32\pm0.52$ & $21.29\pm 0.05$ & $1.32\pm 0.025$ & $ 0.32\pm 0.008$ & $ 43.58\pm 0.52 $\
S16 & & 18.39 & $20.50\pm0.10$ & $0.47\pm0.026$ & $ 2.74\pm0.08$ & $0.75\pm0.002$ & $116.49\pm0.28$ & $21.35\pm0.05$ & $1.23\pm0.018$ & $0.87\pm0.006$ & $ 35.48\pm0.47$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S18 & & 15.82 & $21.63\pm0.00$ & $2.52\pm0.014$ & $ 0.96\pm0.01$ & $0.83\pm0.001$ & $157.06\pm0.17$ & $22.40\pm0.03$ & $7.70\pm0.169$ & $0.81\pm0.002$ & $152.35\pm0.26$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S19 & & 19.50 & $19.12\pm0.12$ & $0.15\pm0.011$ & $ 2.08\pm0.07$ & $0.87\pm0.003$ & $ 79.39\pm0.38$ & $20.81\pm0.06$ & $0.60\pm0.013$ & $0.81\pm0.009$ & $ 98.27\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S20 & & 19.75 & $18.80\pm0.11$ & $0.09\pm0.006$ & $ 1.07\pm0.06$ & $0.70\pm0.004$ & $ 7.80\pm0.47$ & $20.38\pm0.05$ & $0.63\pm0.012$ & $0.52\pm0.008$ & $ 5.31\pm0.52$ & $21.60\pm 0.05$ & $1.20\pm 0.023$ & $ 0.50\pm 0.008$ & $ 136.78\pm 0.52 $\
S21 & & 18.42 & $19.11\pm0.12$ & $0.14\pm0.011$ & $ 1.27\pm0.06$ & $0.82\pm0.002$ & $154.07\pm0.28$ & $20.36\pm0.05$ & $1.04\pm0.015$ & $0.67\pm0.006$ & $ 46.45\pm0.47$ & $21.83\pm 0.05$ & $3.09\pm 0.046$ & $ 0.31\pm 0.006$ & $ 74.02\pm 0.47 $\
S22 & & 18.63 & $19.66\pm0.12$ & $0.30\pm0.023$ & $ 2.61\pm0.09$ & $0.91\pm0.003$ & $ 16.50\pm0.38$ & $21.48\pm0.06$ & $1.15\pm0.024$ & $0.69\pm0.009$ & $ 21.69\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S23 & & 19.55 & $19.66\pm0.09$ & $0.26\pm0.014$ & $ 2.15\pm0.07$ & $0.60\pm0.004$ & $ 60.44\pm0.47$ & $21.04\pm0.05$ & $0.67\pm0.013$ & $0.54\pm0.008$ & $ 29.34\pm0.51$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S24 & & 18.38 & $19.82\pm0.10$ & $0.29\pm0.016$ & $ 2.01\pm0.06$ & $0.93\pm0.002$ & $121.71\pm0.28$ & $20.34\pm0.05$ & $0.85\pm0.013$ & $0.87\pm0.006$ & $122.38\pm0.47$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S25 & & 18.82 & $21.42\pm0.15$ & $0.50\pm0.051$ & $ 5.32\pm0.31$ & $0.92\pm0.003$ & $ 13.49\pm0.38$ & $21.78\pm0.06$ & $1.09\pm0.023$ & $0.80\pm0.009$ & $159.84\pm0.27$ & $21.06\pm 0.06$ & $1.17\pm 0.025$ & $ 0.44\pm 0.009$ & $ 25.24\pm 0.27 $\
S26 & & 18.81 & $19.78\pm0.12$ & $0.33\pm0.025$ & $ 2.61\pm0.09$ & $0.80\pm0.003$ & $ 52.62\pm0.38$ & $20.65\pm0.06$ & $0.69\pm0.014$ & $0.66\pm0.009$ & $ 54.01\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S27 & & 17.72 & $24.27\pm0.04$ & $4.03\pm0.092$ & $ 6.79\pm0.06$ & $0.88\pm0.001$ & $ 66.02\pm0.09$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S28 & & 17.29 & $21.28\pm0.03$ & $1.72\pm0.026$ & $ 2.13\pm0.01$ & $0.80\pm0.000$ & $144.20\pm0.06$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S29 & & 19.48 & $19.46\pm0.12$ & $0.11\pm0.008$ & $ 2.57\pm0.09$ & $0.86\pm0.003$ & $106.13\pm0.38$ & $20.11\pm0.06$ & $0.69\pm0.015$ & $0.48\pm0.009$ & $ 24.19\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S30 & & 18.74 & $20.90\pm0.12$ & $0.58\pm0.044$ & $ 3.81\pm0.13$ & $0.83\pm0.003$ & $ 91.84\pm0.38$ & $22.22\pm0.06$ & $1.02\pm0.021$ & $0.65\pm0.009$ & $ 82.89\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S31 & & 18.38 & $22.17\pm0.04$ & $1.38\pm0.032$ & $ 4.36\pm0.04$ & $0.73\pm0.001$ & $174.35\pm0.09$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S32 & & 19.39 & $19.70\pm0.12$ & $0.22\pm0.017$ & $ 1.13\pm0.04$ & $0.77\pm0.003$ & $ 94.29\pm0.38$ & $21.41\pm0.06$ & $1.09\pm0.023$ & $0.56\pm0.009$ & $ 75.04\pm0.27$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S33 & & 18.03 & $19.20\pm0.10$ & $0.27\pm0.015$ & $ 2.01\pm0.06$ & $0.92\pm0.002$ & $160.54\pm0.28$ & $20.63\pm0.05$ & $1.10\pm0.016$ & $0.92\pm0.006$ & $ 99.91\pm0.47$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S34 & & 16.77 & $21.15\pm0.06$ & $1.57\pm0.057$ & $ 3.73\pm0.06$ & $0.73\pm0.001$ & $ 97.05\pm0.19$ & $21.98\pm0.06$ & $3.54\pm0.082$ & $0.47\pm0.009$ & $ 89.18\pm0.36$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S35 & & 20.50 & $21.52\pm0.09$ & $0.35\pm0.019$ & $ 3.41\pm0.12$ & $0.51\pm0.004$ & $ 75.34\pm0.47$ & $21.42\pm0.05$ & $0.52\pm0.010$ & $0.66\pm0.008$ & $ 69.32\pm0.51$ & $... $ & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
[clcccccccccccccc]{} & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &\
S36 & & 16.90 & $21.35\pm0.06$ & $1.41\pm0.051$ & $ 3.89\pm0.07$ & $0.77\pm0.001$ & $ 58.05\pm0.19$ & $22.60\pm0.06$ & $5.23\pm0.122$ & $0.47\pm0.009$ & $ 49.10\pm0.36$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S37 & & 18.19 & $21.74\pm0.12$ & $0.41\pm0.030$ & $ 3.71\pm0.18$ & $0.70\pm0.002$ & $152.99\pm0.28$ & $20.63\pm0.05$ & $1.76\pm0.026$ & $0.32\pm0.006$ & $107.62\pm0.47$ & $19.76\pm 0.05$ & $2.06\pm 0.031$ & $ 0.28\pm 0.006$ & $ 125.65\pm 0.47 $\
S38 & & 19.47 & $20.91\pm0.12$ & $0.39\pm0.030$ & $ 3.05\pm0.11$ & $0.72\pm0.003$ & $107.05\pm0.38$ & $20.43\pm0.06$ & $0.86\pm0.018$ & $0.21\pm0.009$ & $117.22\pm0.27$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S39 & & 18.74 & $20.26\pm0.15$ & $0.44\pm0.045$ & $ 2.25\pm0.13$ & $0.66\pm0.003$ & $177.61\pm0.38$ & $21.60\pm0.06$ & $1.19\pm0.025$ & $0.65\pm0.009$ & $171.71\pm0.27$ & $20.63\pm 0.06$ & $0.86\pm 0.018$ & $ 0.44\pm 0.009$ & $ 63.01\pm 0.27 $\
S40 & & 19.62 & $18.69\pm0.02$ & $0.11\pm0.001$ & $ 1.97\pm0.03$ & $0.70\pm0.003$ & $106.99\pm0.47$ & $20.40\pm0.01$ & $0.58\pm0.003$ & $0.64\pm0.002$ & $103.54\pm0.24$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S41 & & 18.27 & $19.81\pm0.10$ & $0.36\pm0.020$ & $ 1.93\pm0.06$ & $0.68\pm0.002$ & $150.16\pm0.28$ & $19.95\pm0.05$ & $1.21\pm0.018$ & $0.34\pm0.006$ & $145.07\pm0.47$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S42 & & 18.52 & $17.01\pm0.07$ & $0.04\pm0.001$ & $ 9.93\pm0.39$ & $0.35\pm0.004$ & $ 78.42\pm0.57$ & $20.39\pm0.01$ & $0.98\pm0.003$ & $0.86\pm0.001$ & $110.87\pm0.12$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S43 & & 19.68 & $18.70\pm0.11$ & $0.08\pm0.006$ & $ 0.50\pm0.03$ & $0.75\pm0.004$ & $ 99.52\pm0.47$ & $20.55\pm0.05$ & $0.56\pm0.011$ & $0.96\pm0.008$ & $ 43.90\pm0.52$ & $21.63\pm 0.05$ & $1.18\pm 0.022$ & $ 0.25\pm 0.008$ & $ 65.39\pm 0.52 $\
S44 & & 19.06 & $18.34\pm0.12$ & $0.13\pm0.010$ & $ 1.69\pm0.06$ & $0.78\pm0.003$ & $126.51\pm0.38$ & $19.96\pm0.06$ & $0.61\pm0.013$ & $0.61\pm0.009$ & $149.46\pm0.27$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S45 & & 19.14 & $21.10\pm0.12$ & $0.41\pm0.031$ & $ 2.74\pm0.09$ & $0.69\pm0.003$ & $ 77.11\pm0.38$ & $20.47\pm0.06$ & $1.05\pm0.022$ & $0.32\pm0.009$ & $ 84.92\pm0.27$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S46 & & 18.68 & $18.86\pm0.12$ & $0.24\pm0.019$ & $ 1.63\pm0.06$ & $0.62\pm0.003$ & $123.56\pm0.38$ & $20.53\pm0.06$ & $0.94\pm0.020$ & $0.53\pm0.009$ & $121.53\pm0.27$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S47 & & 19.58 & $21.90\pm0.09$ & $0.49\pm0.026$ & $ 4.07\pm0.14$ & $0.87\pm0.004$ & $134.40\pm0.47$ & $21.79\pm0.05$ & $0.76\pm0.014$ & $0.94\pm0.008$ & $ 67.34\pm0.51$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S48 & & 19.14 & $20.79\pm0.15$ & $0.36\pm0.037$ & $ 4.12\pm0.24$ & $0.89\pm0.003$ & $114.25\pm0.38$ & $22.00\pm0.06$ & $1.02\pm0.021$ & $0.79\pm0.009$ & $133.57\pm0.27$ & $21.96\pm 0.06$ & $1.09\pm 0.023$ & $ 0.64\pm 0.009$ & $ 85.30\pm 0.27 $\
S49 & & 17.39 & $19.98\pm0.06$ & $0.50\pm0.018$ & $ 2.72\pm0.05$ & $0.95\pm0.001$ & $ 0.73\pm0.19$ & $20.77\pm0.06$ & $1.55\pm0.036$ & $0.88\pm0.009$ & $141.83\pm0.36$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S50 & & 19.43 & $18.92\pm0.15$ & $0.10\pm0.011$ & $ 1.98\pm0.12$ & $0.93\pm0.003$ & $ 60.03\pm0.38$ & $20.78\pm0.06$ & $0.67\pm0.014$ & $0.77\pm0.009$ & $ 9.30\pm0.27$ & $21.59\pm 0.06$ & $1.26\pm 0.026$ & $ 0.61\pm 0.009$ & $ 38.02\pm 0.27 $\
S51 & & 19.21 & $22.11\pm0.12$ & $0.66\pm0.050$ & $ 7.62\pm0.26$ & $0.82\pm0.003$ & $ 33.77\pm0.38$ & $22.63\pm0.06$ & $1.20\pm0.025$ & $0.62\pm0.009$ & $115.75\pm0.27$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S52 & & 19.11 & $17.75\pm0.07$ & $0.08\pm0.003$ & $ 1.57\pm0.06$ & $0.93\pm0.004$ & $ 93.39\pm0.57$ & $19.52\pm0.01$ & $0.41\pm0.001$ & $0.93\pm0.001$ & $ 75.64\pm0.12$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S53 & & 17.27 & $20.87\pm0.06$ & $0.68\pm0.025$ & $ 3.97\pm0.07$ & $0.82\pm0.001$ & $ 51.20\pm0.19$ & $20.71\pm0.06$ & $1.87\pm0.044$ & $0.74\pm0.009$ & $ 1.38\pm0.36$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
S54 & & 17.76 & $20.03\pm0.10$ & $0.50\pm0.028$ & $ 1.49\pm0.04$ & $0.80\pm0.002$ & $164.95\pm0.28$ & $21.13\pm0.05$ & $1.59\pm0.024$ & $0.91\pm0.006$ & $130.19\pm0.47$ & ... & $... $ & $ ... $ & $ ... $\
\
A01 & & $17.90$ & $20.28\pm0.10$ & $0.22\pm0.012$ & $0.80\pm0.02$ & $1.00\pm0.002$ & $115.12\pm0.28$ & $20.00\pm0.05$ & $1.05\pm0.016$ & $0.94\pm0.006$ & $ 40.83\pm0.47$ & ... &... &... &...\
A02 & & $18.51$ & $18.82\pm0.12$ & $0.17\pm0.013$ & $1.84\pm0.06$ & $0.91\pm0.003$ & $ 25.88\pm0.38$ & $19.84\pm0.06$ & $0.68\pm0.014$ & $0.81\pm0.009$ & $ 39.06\pm0.27$ & ... &... &... &...\
A03 & & $19.70$ & $20.69\pm0.09$ & $0.33\pm0.018$ & $3.06\pm0.11$ & $0.70\pm0.004$ & $164.59\pm0.47$ & $20.87\pm0.05$ & $0.48\pm0.009$ & $0.82\pm0.008$ & $ 96.97\pm0.51$ & ... &... &... &...\
A04 & & $19.22$ & $18.84\pm0.07$ & $0.11\pm0.003$ & $1.84\pm0.07$ & $0.67\pm0.004$ & $119.12\pm0.57$ & $19.91\pm0.01$ & $0.78\pm0.003$ & $0.40\pm0.001$ & $114.58\pm0.12$ & ... &... &... &...\
A05 & & $19.62$ & $22.92\pm0.02$ & $1.57\pm0.013$ & $2.29\pm0.02$ & $0.49\pm0.001$ & $100.25\pm0.15$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & ... &... &... &...\
A06 & & $19.33$ & $18.41\pm0.07$ & $0.12\pm0.004$ & $2.66\pm0.10$ & $0.81\pm0.004$ & $133.35\pm0.57$ & $20.48\pm0.01$ & $0.52\pm0.002$ & $0.90\pm0.001$ & $101.06\pm0.12$ & ... &... &... &...\
A07 & & $20.28$ & $20.44\pm0.09$ & $0.20\pm0.011$ & $1.29\pm0.04$ & $0.46\pm0.004$ & $ 72.81\pm0.47$ & $19.98\pm0.05$ & $0.49\pm0.009$ & $0.41\pm0.008$ & $ 64.09\pm0.51$ & ... &... &... &...\
A08 & & $19.80$ & $19.10\pm0.09$ & $0.16\pm0.009$ & $2.96\pm0.10$ & $0.61\pm0.004$ & $ 60.99\pm0.47$ & $21.96\pm0.05$ & $1.06\pm0.020$ & $0.46\pm0.008$ & $ 53.08\pm0.51$ & ... &... &... &...\
A09 & & $20.37$ & $23.58\pm0.02$ & $1.18\pm0.010$ & $2.58\pm0.02$ & $0.76\pm0.001$ & $ 58.05\pm0.15$ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & $... $ & ... &... &... &...\
A10 & & $19.31$ & $22.14\pm0.12$ & $0.77\pm0.059$ & $4.19\pm0.14$ & $0.58\pm0.003$ & $ 58.38\pm0.38$ & $21.36\pm0.06$ & $1.07\pm0.023$ & $0.38\pm0.009$ & $ 72.36\pm0.27$ & ... &... &... &...\
A11 & & $21.19$ & $21.62\pm0.19$ & $0.13\pm0.017$ & $1.84\pm0.22$ & $0.88\pm0.013$ & $ 99.74\pm3.63$ & $21.56\pm0.06$ & $0.46\pm0.010$ & $0.92\pm0.006$ & $124.17\pm1.80$ & ... &... &... &...\
[*Note.*]{} Best-fit observed parameters of the sample galaxies resulting from the photometric decomposition. Col. (1): galaxy ID. Col. (2): fit-type according to morphological classification (see Table \[tab:morph\_type\]). Col. (3): total magnitude. Col. (4)-(8): bulge parameters, i.e., effective surface brightness $\mu_e$ and radius $r_e$, Sérsic index $n$, axis ratio $q_{\rm
bulge}$, and position angle PA$_{\rm bulge}$ Col. (9)-(12): disc parameters, i.e., central surface brightness $\mu_0$, scale length $h$, axis ratio $q_{\rm disc}$, and position angle PA$_{\rm disc}$. Col. (13)-(16): bar parameters, i.e., central surface brightness $\mu_{\rm 0,bar}$, bar radius $r_{\rm bar}$, axis ratio $q_{\rm bar}$, and position angle PA$_{\rm bar}$. The PA are measured counterclockwise from North to East.
----- ------- --------------------- --------------------- -------------------- ------------------------
S02 18.59 $21.04\pm 0.01$ $ 0.98\pm 0.007$ $0.44\pm 0.001$ $ 159.34\pm 0.11$
S04 19.57 $21.79\pm 0.01$ $ 0.63\pm 0.005$ $0.86\pm 0.002$ $ 19.01\pm 0.14$
S05 18.71 $21.65\pm 0.01$ $ 0.94\pm 0.006$ $0.76\pm 0.001$ $ 36.11\pm 0.11$
S06 18.65 $20.85\pm 0.01$ $ 0.72\pm 0.005$ $0.64\pm 0.001$ $ 81.89\pm 0.11$
S07 19.59 $24.24\pm 0.01$ $ 3.10\pm 0.027$ $0.33\pm 0.002$ $ 129.97\pm 0.14$
S08 18.76 $21.80\pm 0.01$ $ 0.92\pm 0.006$ $0.85\pm 0.001$ $ 109.79\pm 0.11$
S09 18.69 $21.88\pm 0.01$ $ 0.99\pm 0.007$ $0.85\pm 0.001$ $ 63.68\pm 0.11$
S10 18.02 $21.16\pm 0.01$ $ 0.92\pm 0.005$ $0.95\pm 0.001$ $ 125.60\pm 0.06$
S11 19.02 $21.44\pm 0.01$ $ 0.99\pm 0.007$ $0.41\pm 0.001$ $ 119.99\pm 0.11$
S14 18.95 $20.79\pm 0.01$ $ 0.52\pm 0.003$ $0.90\pm 0.001$ $ 93.01\pm 0.11$
S16 18.24 $22.27\pm 0.01$ $ 1.42\pm 0.008$ $0.89\pm 0.001$ $ 111.74\pm 0.06$
S17 19.12 $20.12\pm 0.01$ $ 0.51\pm 0.003$ $0.43\pm 0.001$ $ 59.14\pm 0.11$
S18 15.23 $24.92\pm 0.19$ $20.05\pm 2.033$ $0.82\pm 0.001$ $ 153.36\pm 0.08$
S19 19.43 $21.17\pm 0.01$ $ 0.51\pm 0.003$ $0.85\pm 0.001$ $ 90.00\pm 0.11$
S20 19.42 $22.64\pm 0.01$ $ 1.17\pm 0.008$ $0.62\pm 0.001$ $ 178.19\pm 0.11$
S22 18.61 $21.03\pm 0.01$ $ 0.70\pm 0.005$ $0.84\pm 0.001$ $ 17.20\pm 0.11$
S23 19.42 $21.07\pm 0.01$ $ 0.57\pm 0.004$ $0.63\pm 0.001$ $ 49.23\pm 0.11$
S24 18.14 $21.99\pm 0.01$ $ 1.30\pm 0.008$ $0.90\pm 0.001$ $ 115.12\pm 0.06$
S25 18.83 $21.80\pm 0.01$ $ 0.90\pm 0.006$ $0.84\pm 0.001$ $ 12.57\pm 0.11$
S26 18.64 $20.98\pm 0.01$ $ 0.71\pm 0.005$ $0.75\pm 0.001$ $ 53.86\pm 0.11$
S27 18.17 $22.55\pm 0.01$ $ 1.68\pm 0.010$ $0.89\pm 0.001$ $ 69.72\pm 0.06$
S28 17.00 $22.50\pm 0.01$ $ 2.97\pm 0.020$ $0.79\pm 0.001$ $ 143.86\pm 0.05$
S30 18.68 $21.31\pm 0.01$ $ 0.78\pm 0.005$ $0.80\pm 0.001$ $ 89.05\pm 0.11$
S31 18.43 $21.99\pm 0.01$ $ 1.26\pm 0.008$ $0.73\pm 0.001$ $ 174.21\pm 0.06$
S34 16.69 $21.91\pm 0.01$ $ 2.83\pm 0.019$ $0.67\pm 0.001$ $ 94.05\pm 0.05$
S35 20.26 $22.73\pm 0.01$ $ 0.86\pm 0.007$ $0.57\pm 0.002$ $ 73.32\pm 0.14$
S36 17.00 $22.24\pm 0.01$ $ 2.73\pm 0.018$ $0.73\pm 0.001$ $ 54.81\pm 0.05$
S38 19.29 $21.79\pm 0.01$ $ 1.00\pm 0.007$ $0.44\pm 0.001$ $ 115.63\pm 0.11$
S39 18.64 $21.56\pm 0.01$ $ 0.98\pm 0.007$ $0.68\pm 0.001$ $ 177.53\pm 0.11$
S40 19.54 $21.34\pm 0.01$ $ 0.59\pm 0.005$ $0.67\pm 0.002$ $ 104.43\pm 0.14$
S41 17.92 $22.01\pm 0.01$ $ 2.03\pm 0.012$ $0.47\pm 0.001$ $ 145.60\pm 0.06$
S44 18.98 $20.74\pm 0.01$ $ 0.57\pm 0.004$ $0.69\pm 0.001$ $ 143.60\pm 0.11$
S45 18.83 $22.66\pm 0.01$ $ 1.89\pm 0.013$ $0.43\pm 0.001$ $ 83.90\pm 0.11$
S46 18.60 $20.86\pm 0.01$ $ 0.78\pm 0.005$ $0.57\pm 0.001$ $ 122.33\pm 0.11$
S47 19.40 $22.87\pm 0.01$ $ 1.07\pm 0.007$ $0.94\pm 0.001$ $ 127.17\pm 0.11$
S48 19.11 $21.66\pm 0.01$ $ 0.73\pm 0.005$ $0.87\pm 0.001$ $ 114.89\pm 0.11$
S49 17.21 $21.98\pm 0.01$ $ 1.95\pm 0.013$ $0.93\pm 0.001$ $ 157.07\pm 0.05$
S51 19.40 $21.74\pm 0.01$ $ 0.62\pm 0.004$ $1.00\pm 0.001$ $ 41.66\pm 0.11$
S52 19.01 $20.62\pm 0.01$ $ 0.46\pm 0.003$ $0.94\pm 0.001$ $ 79.36\pm 0.11$
S53 16.95 $22.90\pm 0.01$ $ 3.55\pm 0.024$ $0.83\pm 0.001$ $ 17.19\pm 0.05$
S54 17.55 $22.54\pm 0.01$ $ 2.25\pm 0.013$ $0.87\pm 0.001$ $ 158.90\pm 0.06$
----- ------- --------------------- --------------------- -------------------- ------------------------
[*Note.*]{} Best-fit observed parameters. Col. (1): galaxy ID. Col. (2): total magnitude. Col. (3): effective surface brightness. Col. (4): effective radius. Col. (5): axis ratio. Col. (6): position angle, measured counterclockwise from North to East.
----- ------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------- -----------------
S02 18.56 $21.16\pm0.05$ $1.03\pm0.024$ $ 4.27\pm0.04$ $0.44\pm0.001$ $159.35\pm0.12$
S04 18.88 $24.92\pm0.05$ $2.94\pm0.069$ $ 10.21\pm0.11$ $0.85\pm0.001$ $ 20.64\pm0.12$
S05 18.71 $21.62\pm0.05$ $0.92\pm0.022$ $ 3.93\pm0.04$ $0.76\pm0.001$ $ 36.11\pm0.12$
S06 18.74 $20.46\pm0.05$ $0.62\pm0.015$ $ 3.06\pm0.03$ $0.64\pm0.001$ $ 81.61\pm0.12$
S07 19.87 $23.33\pm0.02$ $1.94\pm0.016$ $ 2.78\pm0.02$ $0.34\pm0.001$ $129.57\pm0.15$
S08 18.38 $23.32\pm0.04$ $1.96\pm0.045$ $ 6.73\pm0.06$ $0.84\pm0.001$ $110.97\pm0.09$
S09 17.86 $25.56\pm0.04$ $6.09\pm0.140$ $ 11.57\pm0.11$ $0.85\pm0.001$ $ 64.64\pm0.09$
S10 17.92 $21.60\pm0.04$ $1.12\pm0.026$ $ 4.97\pm0.05$ $0.95\pm0.001$ $126.45\pm0.09$
S11 19.00 $21.59\pm0.05$ $1.07\pm0.025$ $ 4.16\pm0.04$ $0.41\pm0.001$ $119.98\pm0.12$
S14 18.80 $21.44\pm0.05$ $0.69\pm0.016$ $ 5.51\pm0.06$ $0.90\pm0.001$ $ 93.80\pm0.12$
S16 18.14 $22.65\pm0.04$ $1.71\pm0.039$ $ 4.71\pm0.04$ $0.89\pm0.001$ $112.26\pm0.09$
S17 19.16 $19.89\pm0.05$ $0.47\pm0.011$ $ 3.31\pm0.03$ $0.43\pm0.001$ $ 59.16\pm0.12$
S18 16.06 $22.74\pm0.02$ $6.01\pm0.083$ $ 1.86\pm0.02$ $0.83\pm0.001$ $157.18\pm0.07$
S19 19.30 $21.71\pm0.05$ $0.65\pm0.015$ $ 5.26\pm0.05$ $0.84\pm0.001$ $ 90.62\pm0.12$
S20 19.44 $22.58\pm0.05$ $1.14\pm0.027$ $ 3.91\pm0.04$ $0.62\pm0.001$ $178.20\pm0.12$
S22 18.52 $21.39\pm0.05$ $0.82\pm0.019$ $ 4.72\pm0.05$ $0.84\pm0.001$ $ 18.18\pm0.12$
S23 19.48 $20.78\pm0.05$ $0.50\pm0.012$ $ 3.33\pm0.03$ $0.63\pm0.001$ $ 49.26\pm0.12$
S24 18.23 $21.65\pm0.04$ $1.11\pm0.025$ $ 3.41\pm0.03$ $0.90\pm0.001$ $123.29\pm0.09$
S25 18.53 $23.02\pm0.05$ $1.62\pm0.038$ $ 6.31\pm0.06$ $0.84\pm0.001$ $ 11.51\pm0.12$
S26 18.72 $20.64\pm0.05$ $0.61\pm0.014$ $ 3.30\pm0.03$ $0.75\pm0.001$ $ 53.24\pm0.12$
S27 17.72 $24.27\pm0.04$ $4.03\pm0.092$ $ 6.79\pm0.06$ $0.88\pm0.001$ $ 66.02\pm0.09$
S28 17.29 $21.28\pm0.03$ $1.72\pm0.026$ $ 2.13\pm0.01$ $0.80\pm0.001$ $144.20\pm0.06$
S30 18.65 $21.47\pm0.05$ $0.84\pm0.020$ $ 4.29\pm0.04$ $0.80\pm0.001$ $ 89.22\pm0.12$
S31 18.38 $22.17\pm0.04$ $1.38\pm0.032$ $ 4.36\pm0.04$ $0.73\pm0.001$ $174.35\pm0.09$
S34 16.58 $22.37\pm0.03$ $3.54\pm0.053$ $ 4.86\pm0.03$ $0.67\pm0.001$ $ 94.19\pm0.06$
S35 20.30 $22.57\pm0.02$ $0.80\pm0.007$ $ 3.72\pm0.03$ $0.58\pm0.001$ $ 73.32\pm0.15$
S36 16.62 $23.71\pm0.03$ $5.76\pm0.087$ $ 6.53\pm0.04$ $0.72\pm0.000$ $ 54.64\pm0.06$
S38 19.42 $21.27\pm0.05$ $0.80\pm0.019$ $ 2.93\pm0.03$ $0.44\pm0.001$ $115.59\pm0.12$
S39 18.70 $21.27\pm0.05$ $0.86\pm0.020$ $ 3.41\pm0.04$ $0.68\pm0.001$ $177.77\pm0.12$
S40 19.35 $22.23\pm0.05$ $0.89\pm0.021$ $ 5.65\pm0.06$ $0.66\pm0.001$ $104.85\pm0.12$
S41 18.05 $21.51\pm0.04$ $1.59\pm0.036$ $ 3.25\pm0.03$ $0.46\pm0.001$ $145.57\pm0.09$
S44 18.87 $21.20\pm0.05$ $0.70\pm0.017$ $ 5.07\pm0.05$ $0.68\pm0.001$ $144.44\pm0.12$
S45 19.02 $21.95\pm0.05$ $1.35\pm0.032$ $ 2.76\pm0.03$ $0.43\pm0.001$ $ 83.73\pm0.12$
S46 18.60 $20.87\pm0.05$ $0.79\pm0.019$ $ 4.03\pm0.04$ $0.57\pm0.001$ $122.33\pm0.12$
S47 19.21 $23.63\pm0.05$ $1.57\pm0.037$ $ 5.19\pm0.05$ $0.94\pm0.001$ $129.38\pm0.12$
S48 18.93 $22.45\pm0.05$ $1.05\pm0.025$ $ 5.65\pm0.06$ $0.87\pm0.001$ $115.44\pm0.12$
S49 16.94 $22.99\pm0.03$ $3.25\pm0.049$ $ 5.63\pm0.04$ $0.93\pm0.001$ $154.97\pm0.06$
S51 18.68 $25.12\pm0.05$ $3.26\pm0.077$ $ 11.79\pm0.12$ $0.92\pm0.001$ $ 42.38\pm0.12$
S52 18.91 $21.21\pm0.05$ $0.59\pm0.014$ $ 5.11\pm0.05$ $0.93\pm0.001$ $ 79.88\pm0.12$
S53 16.55 $24.37\pm0.03$ $7.58\pm0.114$ $ 6.26\pm0.04$ $0.83\pm0.001$ $ 18.11\pm0.06$
S54 17.65 $22.17\pm0.04$ $1.87\pm0.043$ $ 3.49\pm0.03$ $0.87\pm0.001$ $160.09\pm0.09$
----- ------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------- -----------------
[*Note.*]{} Best-fit observed parameters. Col. (1): galaxy ID. Col. (2): total magnitude. Col. (3): effective surface brightness. Col. (4): effective radius. Col. (5): Sérsic index. Col. (6): axis ratio. Col. (7): position angle, measured counterclockwise from North to East.
\[lastpage\]
[^1]: E-mail: elena.dallabonta@unipd.it
[^2]: Mikulsi Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute
[^3]: For each galaxy, we fitted a , , and, in cases where a bar is present, , and then chose the model that best describes the surface brightness distribution of the galaxy, particularly in its outer regions, by visual inspection of the residuals images.
[^4]: We exclude from this comparison the FP derived by using a model, for the reasons explained above.
[^5]: We note that the values of $\sigma_{\star}$ are corrected to the uniform aperture $\mathcal{R}_{\rm e}/8$.
[^6]: As a second caveat, the WINGS sample has values of $\sigma_{\star}< 95$ km s$^{-1}$. In our Abell 1689 analysis, only three galaxies do not strictly obey this selection criterion, since S07, S35, and S45 have $\sigma_{\star}=67.7$, 92.8, and 93.8 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. However, if we derive the Abell 1689 FP excluding these galaxies, our conclusions do not change.
| 2024-03-18T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9608 |
This article is more than 5 months old
This article is more than 5 months old
An Amazon worker who led a walkout at a New York City facility on Monday has been fired.
Coronavirus US live: Cuomo says bidding war for ventilators is 'like being on eBay' Read more
Chris Smalls, an assistant manager and organizer, learned of his termination as dozens of workers protested against the company’s response to the coronavirus outbreak.
“It’s a shame on them,” Smalls told Vice News on Tuesday. “To fire someone after five years for sticking up for people and trying to give them a voice.”
Strikers at the JFK8 warehouse in Staten Island demanded Amazon temporarily shut down the large facility for cleaning, after reports of multiple employees testing positive for Covid-19.
On Tuesday afternoon New York’s mayor, Bill de Blasio, said he had ordered the city’s human rights commissioner to investigate the dismissal.
The respiratory disease has infected more than 164,000 Americans and killed more than 3,000, more than died in the 9/11 terror attacks.
The workers also demanded more protective gear and hazard pay as they work through the pandemic.
Amazon confirmed that two workers at JFK8 tested positive and were quarantined. Workers allege that number is understated. In a call-and-response outside the fulfillment center, protesters reportedly chanted: “How many cases we got? Ten!”
In a statement, Amazon alleged Smalls “had close contact with a diagnosed associate” but did not comply when “asked to remain home with pay for 14 days”.
“Despite that instruction to stay home with pay, he came on site today, 30 March, further putting the teams at risk,” the statement read. “This is unacceptable and we have terminated his employment as a result of these multiple safety issues.”
According to the company’s previous statements, the infected co-worker in question last reported for work on 11 March. Had Smalls been exposed that day, a 14-day mandatory quarantine would have made him eligible to return as soon as 25 March.
Smalls said Amazon did not send him home until 28 March, three weeks after the exposure.
“No one else was put on quarantine,” he said, even as the infected person worked alongside “associates for 10-plus hours a week”.
“You put me on quarantine for coming into contact with somebody, but I was around [that person] for less than five minutes,” he told Vice.
According to Amazon, no one else was fired. Smalls said he was considering legal action, calling it “a no-brainer”.
“Anyone can see this is a direct target,” he said.
Supporters of the protest excoriated the company for firing Smalls, which many said would intimidate workers. Some feared further retaliation.
The New York state attorney general, Letitia James, called Amazon’s conduct “disgraceful”.
“I’m considering all legal options and calling on the [National Labor Relations Board] to investigate,” she said in a tweet.
Amazon has insisted it takes “extreme measures” for safety, including deep cleaning and procuring supplies. More than 800,000 workers were offered unlimited if unpaid leave if they felt uncomfortable working.
The company disputed nearly every detail related to the protest, from the number of participants to Smalls’ job title. Organizers claimed more than 60 workers participated. Amazon said 15.
The company said no other participants in Monday’s walkout would be subject to discipline or termination. | 2023-09-13T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2271 |
import { presets } from './Filter'
import { groupBySortedKeys } from './_'
import { dataText, dataValue } from './dataHelpers'
const EMPTY_VALUE = {}
const returnFalse = () => false
export function defaultGetDataState(data, { groupBy }, lastState = {}) {
if (lastState.data !== data || lastState.groupBy !== groupBy) {
if (!groupBy) return {}
let keys = []
let groups = groupBySortedKeys(groupBy, data, keys)
return {
data,
groupBy,
groups,
sortedKeys: keys,
sequentialData: Object.keys(groups).reduce(
(flat, grp) => flat.concat(groups[grp]),
[]
),
}
}
return lastState
}
const getStateGetterFromList = ({ listComponent: l }) => l && l.getDataState
const getIsDisabled = (disabledProp, valueField) =>
!Array.isArray(disabledProp)
? returnFalse
: item =>
disabledProp.some(
i => dataValue(item, valueField) === dataValue(i, valueField)
)
export function getCommonListProps(
list,
accessors,
{
groupBy,
optionComponent,
itemComponent,
groupComponent,
searchTerm,
listProps,
}
) {
return {
searchTerm,
groupBy,
groupComponent,
itemComponent,
optionComponent,
...listProps,
data: list.data,
dataState: list.state,
textAccessor: accessors.text,
valueAccessor: accessors.value,
}
}
export default function reduceToListState(
nextListData,
prevList,
{ nextProps, getDataState } = {}
) {
let { disabled, valueField, textField } = nextProps
getDataState =
getDataState || getStateGetterFromList(nextProps) || defaultGetDataState
const dataState = getDataState(
nextListData,
nextProps,
prevList && prevList.dataState
)
const data = (dataState && dataState.sequentialData) || nextListData
let isDisabled = getIsDisabled(disabled, valueField)
let moveNext = (item, word) =>
isDisabled(item) ||
(word &&
!presets.startsWith(
dataText(item, textField).toLowerCase(),
word.toLowerCase()
))
const list = {
dataState,
isDisabled,
first: () => list.next(EMPTY_VALUE),
last: () => list.prevEnabled(data[data.length - 1]),
prev(item, word) {
let nextIdx = Math.max(0, data.indexOf(item)) - 1
while (nextIdx > -1 && moveNext(data[nextIdx], word)) nextIdx--
if (nextIdx >= 0) return data[nextIdx]
return isDisabled(item) ? null : item
},
next(item, word) {
let nextIdx = data.indexOf(item) + 1
while (nextIdx < data.length && moveNext(data[nextIdx], word)) nextIdx++
if (nextIdx < data.length) return data[nextIdx]
return isDisabled(item) ? null : item
},
prevEnabled: item => (isDisabled(item) ? list.prev(item) : item),
nextEnabled: item => (isDisabled(item) ? list.next(item) : item),
}
return list
}
| 2023-08-24T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3283 |
<?php
namespace App;
use App\Board;
use App\Post;
use App\User;
use App\Contracts\Auth\Permittable;
use App\Support\IP;
use App\Traits\EloquentBinary;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use View;
class Report extends Model
{
use EloquentBinary;
/**
* The database table used by the model.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $table = 'reports';
/**
* The primary key that is used by ::get().
*
* @var string
*/
protected $primaryKey = 'report_id';
/**
* Attributes which do not exist but should be appended to the JSON output.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $appends = [
'html',
];
/**
* The attributes that should be cast to native types.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $casts = [
'reason' => "string",
'board_uri' => "string",
'post_id' => "int",
'reporter_ip' => "ip",
'user_id' => "int",
'is_dismissed' => "bool",
'is_successful' => "bool",
'global' => "bool",
'created_at' => 'datetime',
'updated_at' => 'datetime',
'promoted_at' => 'datetime',
];
/**
* The attributes that are mass assignable.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $fillable = [
'reason',
'board_uri',
'post_id',
'reporter_ip',
'user_id',
'is_dismissed',
'is_successful',
'global',
'promoted_at',
];
/**
* The attributes excluded from the model's JSON form.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $hidden = [
'reporter_ip',
'user_id',
'board',
'post',
'user',
];
public function board()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Board::class, 'board_uri');
}
public function post()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Post::class, 'post_id');
}
public function user()
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id');
}
/**
* Returns the fully rendered HTML of a post in the JSON output.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getHtmlAttribute()
{
return View::make('content.panel.report.item', [
'report' => $this,
'reportedPost' => $this->post,
])->render();
}
/**
* Returns a fully qualified URL.
*
* @param string $route Optional route addendum.
* @param array $params Optional array of parameters to be added.
* @param bool $abs Options indicator if the URL is to be absolute.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getUrl($route = "index", array $params = [], $abs = true)
{
return route(
implode('.', array_filter([
"panel",
"reports",
$route,
])),
[
'report' => $this,
] + $params,
true
);
}
/**
* Returns a fully qualified URL for post bulk actions.
*
* @param string $route Optional route addendum.
* @param array $params Optional array of parameters to be added.
* @param bool $abs Options indicator if the URL is to be absolute.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getPostUrl($route = "index", array $params = [], $abs = true)
{
return route(
implode('.', array_filter([
"panel",
"reports",
$route,
"post",
])),
[
'post' => $this->post,
] + $params,
true
);
}
/**
* Determines if the post has been Demoted.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function isDemoted()
{
return !$this->global && !is_null($this->promoted_at);
}
/**
* Determines if the post is still open.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function isOpen()
{
return !$this->is_dismissed && !$this->is_successful;
}
/**
* Determines if the post has been promoted.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function isPromoted()
{
return $this->global && !is_null($this->promoted_at);
}
/**
* Refines query to only reports by this user or by this IP.
*
* @param \App\Contracts\Auth\Permittable $user
*/
public function scopeWhereByIpOrUser($query, Permittable $user)
{
$query->where(function ($query) use ($user) {
$query->where('reporter_ip', new IP);
if (!$user->isAnonymous()) {
$query->orWhere('user_id', $user->user_id);
}
});
}
/**
* Reduces query to only reports that require action.
*/
public function scopeWhereOpen($query)
{
return $query->where(function ($query) {
$query->where('is_dismissed', false);
$query->where('is_successful', false);
});
}
/**
* Reduces query to only reports which have been elevated by local staff.
*/
public function scopeWherePromoted($query)
{
return $query->where('promoted_at');
}
/**
* Reduced query to only reports that the user is directly responsible for.
* This means 'site.reports' open `global` ONLY and 'board.reports' only matter in direct assignment.
*
* @param \App\Contracts\Auth\Permittable $user
*/
public function scopeWhereResponsibleFor($query, Permittable $user)
{
return $query->where(function ($query) use ($user) {
$query->whereIn('board_uri', $user->canInBoards('board.reports'));
if (!$user->can('site.reports')) {
$query->where('global', false);
}
else {
$query->orWhere('global', true);
}
});
}
}
| 2024-04-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6132 |
About
Accounts
You are at the newest post.Click here
to check if anything new just came in.
I've Owned Dogs My Entire Life And Have Had Many Different Breeds Over The Years Ranging From Small To Large!
Some rights reserved by Rennett Stowe and my husband said I may want to keep a blog, to help others, keep family informed etc. Something that is important to take note of is that a to learn more person does on healing and aftercare, and makes some recommendations for nose rings and jewelry. The main one being that once people look at what of Cruelty to Animals ASPCA - and the Humane Society of the United States HSUS - do NOT recommend discriminating based on breed. m at SYFY TV, is based on the rare but deadly species medications, all of our doctors' and specialists' information, and more.
Photo Credit: Fight Like a Girl evidence of some glass making as far back as the twelfth century, the trail is somewhat dim until somewhat later . An established senior master herbalist will be the and are very easily recognized by their tall stature and yellow colouring around their necks. " Tender points are places on our hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles grow, change shape and metamorphosize into frogs. I have tried to find you the best free printable Mona Lisa's mysterious expression, which seems both captivating and, at the same time, aloof.
Don't confuse the unfortunate dogs who have horrible owners with the vast majority of properly world the truth behind these wonderful dogs, and give as much general information about them as I can. In fact, over the course of three years my kids and I cycle, and provide tips on how to raise butterflies. Image Source: University of Washington They are not chrysalises, and butterflies, as well as several of the pictures that we took, on this site. com Animals that used to live in lowland places were, because were selected as a symbol of Australia to represent the country progress. | 2024-02-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2776 |
Therapy
Dear Jane,
today I met Amelia. She told me she did a lot of coping and was really tired. We wondered whether there was any way she could get a break? Perhaps through prioritising the move and ‘shelving’ some other challenges for a while. Would it be possible to put seeing M on hold for a couple of weeks?I also met another part of you who didn’t have a name. There was a picture of a poppy in the room so we called her ‘Poppy’. We wondered what it would be like for her to experience kindness? What would that look like?
Hope this summary is helpful. I’ll see you soon,Sarah
I don’t know what to make of this. I suppose I should be glad they’re talking to her a bit more. But I don’t like feeling out of control. And I’ve been feeling out of control a lot lately. | 2024-03-30T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5609 |
trypophobia The term first appeared in 2005 from the combination of the Greek words trypo,meaning punching or drilling, and fobos, meaning fear.This is a relatively new phobia has not yet been recognized by official medicine, it appears as a pathological fear of objects clustered holes.
origins
problems trypophobia also called the fear of open holes, cavities, holes, skin abscesses, and so on.To date, the most famous researchers of the variety of fear considered a scientist from the University of Essex, Jeff Cole and his colleague Arnold Wilkins.They suggested that trypophobia is one of the most common phobias in the land, as at the sight of multiple holes a lot of people uncomfortable, for example, the nervous trembling, itching, nausea, a feeling of discomfort.
After a series of studies and Cole Wilkins hypothesized that underlying trypophobia is primitive fear of venomous animals, wasps, poiso
nous flowers.The most common pathological reaction occurs on the image with strong contrast rounded objects.The researchers suggested that trypophobia is an evolutionary advantage.
Features trypophobia
Like all phobias, trypophobia causes uncontrollable fear of the patient in relation to the living organism, object or even their image.Depending on the severity of the fear, a person may drop operation, it may lose coordination, experience dizziness, feeling vomiting, nausea, nervousness, itching.The most common attack trypophobia manifests itself in the form of obsession, fear of uncontrolled and may be accompanied by a general nervousness, and gag reflex.
With this variety of phobias object of fear may be holes in foods such as yeast pores on pancakes and sections bakery, veinlets and veins in raw meat, honeycomb arrangement of seeds in fruits and vegetables, the holes in the plants, cheese circles.The object can be trypophobia hole of natural origin, such as geological holes, corals, natural resources, porous holes made by worms, insect larvae or caterpillars.However, the greatest revulsion and panic can cause holes in living organisms, especially in human tissues.Patients may frighten such manifestations trypophobia on the skin as acne, acne scars of smallpox, open pores and wounds, the holes in the muscles and many other clustered holes.In this case the person experiencing the phobia can project this state itself.In these cases, you can watch and trypophobia symptoms themselves on the skin - itching, allergic reactions, redness, sweating, bright spots on the emotional surge and so on.However, much depends on the individual emotional state and level of empathy.As a rule, in acute attacks at the sight trypophobia object on the skin, quickens the heartbeat, there is a tremor, a sense of disgust, shortness of breath.
Like many anxiety disorders, trypophobia may occur spontaneously, be inherited.Causes of this condition can be explained in terms of psychology or cultural perception.The most common phobia is the result of a specific social or psychological situation, it can be exacerbated during the age crisis, problems in the relationship, but it can also pass completely in the absence of the stimulus.On trypophobia may influence and age characteristics - as they grow older and experience different situations in life a person can accumulate fears.
Treatment trypophobia
As in clinical practice is there is no such diagnosis as a trypophobia, it is classified as fear and obsession, and general methods of psychological correction is applied.The task of the psychologist - to restore the patient's normal physical and mental state at the sight of the stimulus, ie desensitization.
One of the methods of psychological correction - show calming picture of the patient and to fix the state of rest, and then to show the image of the object with holes.Gradually, during the course of the patient passes a feeling of disgust and restored the state of inner comfort.
the presence of psychosomatic disorders and allergy patient sedation can be assigned.In severe forms of the disease, when symptoms such as headaches, cramps, convulsions, the patient is prescribed intensive care in a hospital using sedatives and anticonvulsants.However, as a rule, the classical treatment trypophobia includes breathing and relaxation exercises.
Attention!
This article is available exclusively in the educational purposes and is not research material or professional medical advice. | 2023-10-20T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8221 |
Q:
Getting seg fault 11 in sprintf
char* msg;
msg = (char*)malloc(snprintf(NULL, 0, "%s %s %s %s %s %s",
allClients[i]->IP, allClients[i]->hostName, allClients[i]->port,
allClients[i]->msgSentCount, allClients[i]->msgRecvCount, allClients[i]->status) + 1);
sprintf(msg, "%s %s %s %s %s %s",
allClients[i]->IP, allClients[i]->hostName, allClients[i]->port,
allClients[i]->msgSentCount, allClients[i]->msgRecvCount, allClients[i]->status);
printf("%s\n", "here");
eachClientData[i+1] = msg;
printf("list msg: %s\n", msg);
free(msg);
I am getting seg fault 11 at sprintf() cause the next printf is never executed. Have I done something wrong with the malloc? Is there any upper limit to which I can add to msg?
NOTE: The snprintf executed fine as I had a printf after that which was executed. Also, I can give you the sizes of each of the variables I am trying to concatenate if required.
A:
Since you're passing in both int and string inputs to snprintf() and sprintf(), you need to change "%s %s %s %s %s %s" to "%s %s %d %d %d %s" in order to properly handle int values.
| 2024-04-28T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6496 |
Q:
How to store UITextView data into NSMutablearray?
This time I am having problems with not being able to store some data in an NSMutablearray.
The process is like this:
I click on a button that loads a UIPopOver and I make the selection of a product and its amount, through UIPIckerView, when I click the Done button, the amount, product and total price appears on a UITextView. I'm ok with that.
The problem is that I need to store each selection from the UIPickerView in the NSMutablearray for a later calculation of the sum of all products selected, but it is not storing in the NSMutablerarray.
So, anyone could help???
-(void)donePressed{
//Cálculo do valor a pagar
float quantFlt = [[arrayQtdProdutos objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:1]] floatValue];
float valorFlt = [[valorArray objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:0]] floatValue];
float total = quantFlt * valorFlt;
_msg = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%@ - %@ - R$ %.2f",
[arrayQtdProdutos objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:1]],
[arrayOfCategories objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:0]],
total];
_txtViewProdutos.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ \n%@", _txtViewProdutos.text, _msg];
[arrayProdutosComprados addObject:_msg];
NSLog(@"%i", arrayProdutosComprados.count);
[popOverController dismissPopoverAnimated:YES];
}
A:
This is the correct code with the help of @SPA.
-(void)donePressed{
//Cálculo do valor a pagar
float quantFlt = [[arrayQtdProdutos objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:1]] floatValue];
float valorFlt = [[valorArray objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:0]] floatValue];
float total = quantFlt * valorFlt;
_msg = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%@ - %@ - R$ %.2f",
[arrayQtdProdutos objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:1]],
[arrayOfCategories objectAtIndex:[categoryPicker selectedRowInComponent:0]],
total];
_txtViewProdutos.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ \n%@", _txtViewProdutos.text, _msg];
[arrayProdutosComprados addObject:_msg];
NSLog(@"%i", arrayProdutosComprados.count);
[popOverController dismissPopoverAnimated:YES];
}
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
arrayProdutosComprados = [NSMutableArray new];
}
| 2024-04-27T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3371 |
THE DISTILLATION PROCESS
The definition of an essential oil, which was adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO) at the 9th Plenary Meeting of the Technical Committee ISO/TC54 Essential Oils, held in Lisbon, 5th-9th March, 1968, was:
Essential oils are volatile oils, generally odorous, which occur in certain plants or specified parts of plants, recovered by accepted procedures such that the nature and composition of the product is, as nearly as practicable, unchanged by such procedures.
"This is an important definition. It specifies clearly that the nature and composition of the oil must be unchanged by the process of extracting it and is therefore one reason why steam distillation is an appropriate method of extraction. Furthermore, because steam distillation has been the extraction method for most essential oils, the market accepts steam distilled oil as normal oil.
Oil derived by another technique might be of slightly different chemical composition and therefore might not be accepted by the market."- Department of Trade and Industry Document South Africa Dec 2004
Components of a Distillation Unit
1. Steam Generator or Boiler
The boiler or steam generator supplies the steam for the system and each plant material has its own steam flow rate.
Fuel source can vary due to customers various circumstances and preferences.
Over the years we have built up relationships with suppliers and can supply boilers for you at completive rates or use an existing steam source.
Please note boilers fall under government laws as they are pressurised vessels and have to be inspected on a continuous basis. They are normally the only thing that can go wrong with our machines and this is why we normally work with your countries suppliers and adhere to your rules and regulations that these pressure vessels fall under.
Should a problem occur with the boiler your supplier is close at hand.
Please see your government gazette for these laws.
Electric Boiler
Classed as a steam generator, if it operates at atmospheric pressure, it therefore does not fall under and governing laws as boilers do.
We also supply pressurised electrical boilers and they are classed as boilers. They need to be inspected regularly by an inspector in your country.
They require a specific water type
These electrical boilers are easy to clean and service.
Diesel or LP Gas
Diesel or gas boilers fall under the laws and need to be inspected by government officials.
They normally need to pass an inspection when installed.
They are harder to clean and to do maintenance on.
They cannot handle certain water types
Wood or Bio Mass
2. Heat Exchanger
The heat exchanger turns steam and the volatile oil gas back into water. Designed for the machine's steam flow rate, plant material and water quality.
3. Seperator
The Separator separates the oil and hydrosol. Designed for the machine's flow rate and plant material used. Some oils sink and some float and some do both.
Separators are available for oils heavier than water.
4. Still
The size of the still is determined by the plant material. E.g. lavender has a window period and all material has to be harvested in a short time, which increases machine size and boiler steam flow rate. | 2023-12-08T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4935 |
Welcome to HVAC-Talk.com, a non-DIY site and the ultimate Source for HVAC Information & Knowledge Sharing for the industry professional! Here you can join over 150,000 HVAC Professionals & enthusiasts from around the world discussing all things related to HVAC/R. You are currently viewing as a NON-REGISTERED guest which gives you limited access to view discussions
To gain full access to our forums you must register; for a free account. As a registered Guest you will be able to:
Participate in over 40 different forums and search/browse from nearly 3 million posts.
Gonna be a cranky day here.....all week in Calgary with the snow with no mtn bike riding and now Sat and Sun in the snow with no riding......Dougy's gonna be like a 5 yr. old throwing temper tantrums on the kitchen floor....Wah!!! Wah!
Around here, we were in the 40's last week. I had a no heat call from home on Saturday, and I am working my way through a dozen or so units on a warehouse roof that need various parts. 1984 vintage 20 ton Carriers.
Two PM's with heat inspection today.
We will be busy until maybe late January. Then, it's hard to get 40 until April. | 2023-08-30T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3052 |
Mahalo for supporting Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Enjoy this free story!
Zippy’s Restaurants alerted its customers Friday of a data breach that has affected all 25 restaurant locations as well as its Napoleon’s Bakery, Kahala Sushi and Pearl City Sushi locations. Read more
Zippy’s Restaurants alerted its customers Friday of a data breach that has affected all 25 restaurant locations as well as its Napoleon’s Bakery, Kahala Sushi and Pearl City Sushi locations.
Customers’ debit and credit cards used at any of the above eateries between Nov. 23 and March 29 may have been compromised, Zippy’s warns.
The information affected by this “security incident” might include a cardholder’s name, credit card number, expiration date and security code, the company said in a news release.
A small numbers of cards used to buy drinks at Pomaikai Ballrooms also may have been affected during the same time period.
Not affected were cards used to place orders on Zippy’s website, payments for senior cards submitted at its corporate office, fundraisers, catering orders, A Catered Experience and Food Solutions International.
The restaurant chain learned March 9 of a “security incident” involving its credit and debit card processing system but took nearly 1-1/2 months to inform the public.
Zippy’s said it immediately began an investigation and hired independent computer forensic experts to help investigate.
Its experts notified the company April 4 about the details of the data breach.
The state Office of Consumer Protection said Friday it is investigating the data breach.
“This is a significant breach affecting thousands of Hawaii consumers that must be taken very seriously by both Zippy’s and its affected customers,” OCP Executive Director Stephen Levins said. “Immediately upon learning about it this afternoon, we initiated an investigation to get to the bottom of it.”
As for the timing of the announcement, Zippy’s said it is standard practice in large retail data breaches for a company to make a public announcement after it conducts its own investigation.
Zippy’s Restaurants declined to provide any further details on how or when the security breach occurred. It also did not provide any estimates of how many cards may have been affected.
“Zippy’s takes the security of its customers’ information seriously,” Paul Yokota, president of FCH Enterprises, parent company of Zippy’s, said in a written statement. “We are working closely with data security experts to implement processes and measures that will improve our system security to help prevent this from happening again.
“We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this incident may cause.”
The company urges customers to closely monitor their credit and debit card statements and to contact their financial institution if they identify any suspicious activity.
To prevent further such incidents, Zippy’s is upgrading its system hardware, “changing the way certain software and system processes work, and further enhancing system security and monitoring.”
Data breaches are on the rise for retailers and other businesses, Business Insider reported earlier this month.
At least 14 national retailers have been hacked and had information stolen from them since January 2017, the April 6 article said. They include Kmart, Delta, Best Buy, Saks Fifth Avenue, Under Armour, Panera Bread, Forever 21, Sonic, Whole Foods, Gamestop and Arby’s.
Zippy’s customers with questions concerning this incident may call the company toll-free at 855-648-7562, Monday through Friday, 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. Hawaii time.
For information from the Federal Trade Commission regarding identity theft, go to www.identitytheft.gov. | 2023-08-10T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9376 |
Arterial endothelial cell cultures (human, bovine, porcine and canine) will be characterized further in terms of their growth characteristics and factors that affect their proliferation and mitogenesis. The effects of pH, divalent cations and plasma proteins on in vitro platelet-endothelial cell interaction will be examined. Studies on the isolation and characterization of the endothelial produced microfilaments to which platelets attach, are continuing as are the studies on the nature and composition of the basement membrane. Finally, these studies will be supplemented by studying the reaction and factors involved in the uptake and release of biogenic amines in cultured endothelial cells. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: Cultured von Willebrand porcine aortic endothelial cells: An in vitro model for studying the molecular defect(s) of the disease. F.M. Booyse, A.J. Quarfoot, S. Bell, D.N. Fass, J.C. Lewis, K.G. Mann and E.J.W. Bowie. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (1977) - in press. Effects of various agents and physical damage on giant aortic endothelial cell formation in culture. F.M. Booyse, J.H. Tulloss, A.J. Quarfoot and M.E. Rafelson, Jr. Microvas. Res. (1977) - in press. | 2023-11-25T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9235 |
package de.blau.android.propertyeditor;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import de.blau.android.util.Util;
public class SanitizeTextWatcher implements TextWatcher {
final Activity activity;
final int maxStringLength;
/**
* Construct a TextWatched that sanitizes the text and displays a message if necessary
*
* @param activity an Activity if null no messages will be displayed
* @param maxStringLength the maximum length of the text
*/
public SanitizeTextWatcher(@Nullable Activity activity, int maxStringLength) {
this.activity = activity;
this.maxStringLength = maxStringLength;
}
@Override
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
// unused
}
@Override
public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {
// unused
}
@Override
public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
Util.sanitizeString(activity, s, maxStringLength);
}
}
| 2023-08-14T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9331 |
Furtivos
Furtivos (Poachers) is a 1975 Spanish film directed by José Luis Borau. It stars Lola Gaos, Ovidi Montllor and Alicia Sánchez. The script was written by Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón and José Luis Borau. The film is a stark drama that portraits an oedipal relationship and its dire consequences. A great critical and commercial success, it won best picture at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in 1975. Furtivos is considered a classic of Spanish cinema.
Plot
Ángel, a soft-spoken withdrawn man, lives an isolated life in a rustic farmhouse in the woodlands around Segovia. His only company is his brash, domineering mother, Martina. Ángel is an "alimañero", a hunter in charge of killing wolves and other animals of prey in order to protect deer in a hunting wild reserve. To survive, he resorts to furtive deception of the local civil guards hunting the wild game and selling the meat and skins for profit. During the autumn hunting season, the local Governor comes to hunt stag with his entourage taking base at Ángel's rustic house. The Governor has special affection towards Martina, who was his wet nurse.
Ángel goes to the provincial capital to buy traps, rope and nooses. He has killed a wolf taking the skin to sell it. In town, he is smitten with a young woman, Milagros, who is looking for a way out of her troubles. Milagros is the girlfriend of a well-known delinquent nicknamed "El Cuqui". She has escaped from the local reformatory for girls hoping to run away with her lover. With no money and still wearing the reformatory's uniform, she notices Ángel eating his lunch in the street and boldly seduces him taking him for a fool. Ángel buys her new clothes and after spending a clandestine evening in an out of the way hotel, he invites her to return to the forest with him. Initially reluctant, Milagros eventually leaves with him on a bus towards the forest.
Meanwhile, Martina has been busy entertaining the childish and irritating Governor, who has come with some friends to hunt deer. Upset with her son's delay in town, Martina is furious when she sees him arriving with a girl in tow. She takes out her displace ire on a trapped she-wolf. Martina savagely kills the defenseless animal with an ax. Milagros plan is to leave soon hiding out from the authorities until El Cuqui comes to look for her, but Ángel, in spite of his mother opposition, is determined that she stays with him. During the hunting expedition, the Governor shoots at a deer with no success, and as the animal is about to get away, Ángel, in another part of the forest, kills the animal; and drags it out of sight. Initially Ángel tries to hide the presence of the runaway girl from the Governor, but Martina, who is jealous, makes Milagros come to the notice of the Governor. Martina's plan to get rid of Milagros backfires. Instead of returning her to the reformatory, the governor accepts to let her free as Ángel wants to marry the wayward girl. He would be now responsible for her.
Martina is beside herself with anger. Milagros now has taken her place next to Ángel in the only bed of the house, implying that mother and son had had an incestuous relationship. Ángel is oblivious to his mother's fury. He is happy with Milagros who tries to be accommodating and begins to be genuinely fond of him.
Eventually El Cuqui returns sooner than expected and Milagros, although now attach to Ángel, still plans to run off. Meanwhile, the local police discover El Cuqui's presence in the forest. The Governor, whose hunting expedition has been interrupted by El Cuqui, asks Ángel to track him down since he is the most familiar with the area. He pursues him and finds him, but lets him go because Milagros has promised to stay with him if her lover is spared from jail. El Cuqui escapes. When Ángel returns home Martina tells her son that Milagros has fled as well, taking her few belongings with her. Desperate, Ángel goes back to the forest to look for her, but he cannot find her. Martina tries to console him as she helps him takes his wet clothes.
At first, Ángel is distraught, but life goes on. Peering into the attic of Martina's home, the Governor has discovered deer skins that Ángel has poached. Embarrassed by this findings the Governor eventually name Ángel a Forest Guard in order to discourage his illegal hunting. Ángel begins to prosper. However, he is still obsessed by Milagros disappearance. By chance, he meets again face to face with El Cuqui who, to Ángel's surprise, demands to know where Milagros is. Realizing that she did not escape with El Cuqui, Ángel searches their room finding a box with some of Milagros's nostalgic possessions that she would have never left behind. He finally realizes that Martina, out of jealousy, has killed his wife. He remains calm and tells his mother that the next day they would go to church. Ángel wears his forest guard uniform and take his mother to mass. Martina takes communion and at Ángel's insistence she also received the sacrament of confession. On their way home from the Sunday church service; Ángel shoots her in the back in a field of snow.
Cast
While Lola Gaos was set from the start to play Martina, Borau considered Ángela Molina and Mariano Haro, for the starring roles. Alicia Sánchez was an unknown actress from the theater. Ovidi Montllor was a famous singer. The success of Furtivos allowed him to have a parallel career as an actor. When José Luis López Vázquez declined the role of the Governor, Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón persuaded Borau to play it.
Lola Gaos as Martina
Ovidi Montllor as Ángel
Alicia Sánchez as Milagros
José Luis Borau as Santiago, the provincial Governor
Felipe Solano as El Cuqui
Ismael Merlo as the priest
Title
The word Furtivos has two meanings in Spanish: people hunting game illegally (poachers) and somebody who harbor secret thoughts. The director's intention was to imply both. For Borau the film is about secrets and persecution. He explained that before looking for it in a dictionary, he only associated the word furtivo with something done in secrecy. The English translation of the title, Poachers, does not capture the full meaning of the original. Borau explained: "I wanted to show that under Franco, Spain was living a secret life. Virtually everyone in this film is a Furtivo."
Production
The script was written by film director and screenwriter Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón and José Luis Borau. The idea behind the film was born out of the character of Angel, the poacher, which was based on a real man who lived and hunt illegally in Cabuérniga Cantabria. The character of the mother, Martina, originated with the actress who was cast for the role, Lola Gaos. Borau was impressed after seeing Gaos play the role of Saturnina, a cynical maid, in Luis Buñuel's film Tristana (1970). Borau mixed the reference to that character with Goya's painting Saturn Devouring His Son. Hence came the plot line of a female Saturn, a dominating mother, an incestuous tormentor of her son.
Furtivos was Borau's fourth feature film and the first he was able to make with artistic freedom. The film was made in 1975, just before Francisco Franco's death. The original idea was to use as location El Bosque del Saja, (The Woodland of Saja) where the real hunter that inspired the story lived, but the director found that those woods, where wolves live, were not right for filming. They do not give the right cinematic look and are too intricate with thick bushes to allow the actors to move and the light to come in. Several different locations were used. The film was shot in the north of the province of Madrid in El Hayedo de Montejo and some other location around Navarrete, near Segovia and in the Pyrenees for the snowy locations. The exteriors shots in the forest were difficult to film because of the constantly changing weather conditions. The film was made with a budget of two hundred thousand dollars.
Borau was not only director, but also screenwriter, producer and actor. The scenes in which he plays Santiago, the local governor, were directed by his co-scriptwriter Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón. The poster was made by Ivan Zulueta. It depicts Martina as a big monster overpowering her son with her huge paws.
It was a standard practice in Spanish film of the time to post sync the actors recording their lines in the studio in post-production. The voices of Ángel and the governor were not dubbed by the actors who played those roles. Ovidi Montllor, Ángel, had a thick Valencian accent, unsuitable for a character supposedly born and bred in northern Spain. The governor played by Borau was dubbed by dubbing actor Rafael Penagos whose high-toned pitch voice was preferred to Borau's gruffer tones. Alicia Sánchez was also dubbed by a different actress. Only Lola Gaos' real raspy voice was kept.
Reception
Furtivos premiered at the San Sebastian Film Festival where it won the first prize Golden Shell as best film. The harshness of the story, its simple narrative, and the erotic elements in it captured the attention of the public. The film was a great commercial success. Furtivos became the top-grossing film in Spain in 1976, netting some three million dollars.
Furtivos was Borau's fourth feature film and the first he was able to make with artistic freedom. It remains his best, his highest grossing success and the one for which he is often remembered.
Furtivos is also notable for the cinematography by José Luis Cuadrado whose chiaroscuro effects for the film were inspired by the paintings of El Greco and Jusepe de Ribera. The look and pacing of the film follows the styles of John Ford and Alfred Hitchcock, the hallowed directors admired by Borau.
The film earned critical praised from among others Vargas Llosa, Francisco Umbral, and Julián Marías. Critical praise was not unanimous and the film was attacked by sympathizers of Franco's regime. It also offended animal rights advocates in Spain for the scene in which Martina clubs a trapped she wolf with a shovel.
The film was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 48th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Analysis
Underneath its rural and realistic presentation; Furtivos is at the same time a tragedy and a fairy tale. The film is an allegorical criticism of the social order under Franco. Santiago, the local governor, evokes the figure of Franco, who was known to be a keen huntsman. The petulant, narcissist, infantile behaviors of the governor towards Martina, his former wet nurse, suggest the senility of the dictator who was approaching death when the film was made. His intrusiveness in the life of Martina and her son can be viewed as the attempts of the Francoist forces to repress and control the desires of a nation.
Beneath the social themes lie the motif of incest and the image of the cruel and vicious Martina. She represents the unwinding matriarchal structure that belies Spanish traditional machismo. In its presentation of an all domineering mother the films brings to mind Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho. The mother son relationship is the key element in the film's depiction of patterns of abuse. There is not only Martina's exploitation and sexual abuse of her son, the physiological violence to which Martina subjects her son, but her savage butchering of the captive wolf, who suffers her displace ire over Milagro's intrusion in her relationship with Angel. "Spain is a cruel mother who devours her children and Furtivos is a cruel film", Borau explained.
The film follows a simple structure and is told as a Fairy tale. Using allegorical characters typical in fairy stories: a king, the local governor who Martina calls in the film my king, a hunter, Ángel, a witch, Martina, a princess in danger, Milagros, and the lurking scenario of the woods, where the action of the film takes place. In one scene Martina is called a witch. She calls the governor "my king". Like in children tales Milagros gets lost in the forest.
Controversy
Furtivos was made at the time in the last days of Franco's life and it was released when the Francoist censorship was still in place. The film directly challenged Franco's censorship policies with its scenes of stark violence, explicit nudity, its depiction of amoral characters and its display of the degeneration of the existing political regime. The director fought vigorously with the censors first to have the film made and later to releases it as he had intended without cuts. He refused to the censor's demands to cut some of the aspect of the character of the governor, scenes at the girl's reformatory, and Milagros woodlands striptease. Borau battles with the censors paved the way for many other Spanish film directors to deal with controversial themes without fear of censorship.
Although the film is based on an actual event, it is considered one of the cruelest stories in Spanish Cinema. The realization of the incestuous relationship between Angel and his mother, especially when she is finally dragged and torn out of their bed to make room for Milagros, is considered one of the most startling scenes in Spanish Cinema. Also memorable is Martina's taking her aggressions out on animals, beating a trapped she wolf to death with an ax. Also disturbing is the scene when Angel shoots Martina without remorse just as he had killed a beautiful wild stag, the governor's coveted but elusive prize, during one of his hunting excursions.
Awards
Winner of the 1975
Cinema writers Circle Awards as: Best Film and Best actress (Lola Gaos).
Golden Shell as Best Film at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.
See also
List of submissions to the 48th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Spanish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Notes
References
Deveny, Thomas G. Cain on Screen: Contemporary Spanish Cinema. The Scarecrow press, Inc. London, 1993.
D'Lugo, Marvin. Guide to the Cinema of Spain. Greenwood Press, 1997.
Evans, Peter Williams Spanish Cinema : The Auteurist Tradition. Oxford University Press. New York, 1999.
Mártinez de Mingo, Luis.José Luis Borau. Arte Editors, 1996.
Torres, Augusto M. Conversaciones con Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón . Fundamentos, Madrid, 1992.
Schwartz, Ronald. The Great Spanish Films: 1950 - 1990, Scarecrow Press, London, 1991.
External links
Category:1975 films
Category:Spanish films
Category:Spanish-language films
Category:Films set in Spain
Category:Films directed by José Luis Borau
Category:Films featuring hunters | 2024-07-06T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7895 |
package server
import (
"poule/configuration"
"poule/operations/catalog"
"poule/server/listeners"
cron "gopkg.in/robfig/cron.v2"
)
type repositoryConfig struct {
Cron *cron.Cron
Actions []configuration.Action
}
// Server provides operation trigger on GitHub events through a long-running job.
type Server struct {
config *configuration.Server
repositoriesConfig map[string]repositoryConfig
}
// NewServer returns a new server instance.
func NewServer(config *configuration.Server) (*Server, error) {
server := &Server{
config: config,
repositoriesConfig: make(map[string]repositoryConfig),
}
// We initialize the special poule-updater operation which need to be given a callback into the
// core behavior of the tool
catalog.PouleUpdateCallback = server.refreshRepositoryConfiguration
return server, nil
}
// Run starts the event loop, and only returns when completed.
func (s *Server) Run() error {
// We either run in "NSQ-mode" or in direct "GitHub WebHook" mode depending on the presence of
// the `nsq_channel` configuration key.
var l listeners.Listener
if s.config.HTTPListen != "" {
l = listeners.NewGitHubListener(s.config)
} else {
l = listeners.NewNSQListener(s.config)
}
// Start the listener
return l.Start(s)
}
| 2023-12-19T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3024 |
TAMPA — Bucs coach Greg Schiano held the index finger and thumb on his left hand about an inch or so apart. From a height standpoint, that's the difference between Josh Freeman and rookie Mike Glennon.
Related News/Archive
Of course, the hope is maybe one day the 6-foot-7 North Carolina State quarterback will stand head and shoulder pads above the 6-6 Freeman in terms of talent. But that day did not dawn this week when Glennon was the most visible player among the 90 draft picks, college free agents and undrafted tryout players assembled at One Buc Place for rookie minicamp.
"Mike has a great arm," said Miami running back Mike James, a sixth-round pick. "He's real smart. I've sat down with him throughout the time we've been here and it's amazing how much knowledge he has. It's crazy."
Glennon, a third-round pick whom Schiano tried to recruit to Rutgers as a 17-year-old Virginia player of the year, sat behind Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson for three seasons with the Wolfpack.
So it's no surprise he sought some advice from Wilson before heading to Tampa on Thursday.
"I just wanted to pick (Wilson's) mind before I got (to Tampa) and hear how he handled things," Glennon said of his conversation with Seattle's starter, who also lasted until Round 3. "He's a man on a mission, and you can hear it in the way he talks. He just kind of told me to take it one day at a time and try to get better each and every day. Don't worry about the long run. If you just get better each and every day, eventually good things will happen. I think that was great advice."
The question that will follow Glennon around this year: Is he the Bucs' next franchise quarterback? Or is he just next?
"Just like all the rest I want him to come in and do the best he can," Schiano said. "Wherever that places him in the pecking order, so to speak, that is where he will be. You have aspirations for every player you take, whether it is free agent or draft, but the guy has got to go do it. That is why I like competition across our football team because I think it raises the overall level of the team. Everybody is different. We are going to have to wait and see how it goes."
There is a reason why 23 of the 32 quarterbacks who started the 2012 season openers were selected in the first round. Only five — Tom Brady, Matt Cassel, Ryan Fitzpatrick, Matt Schaub and Wilson — were taken in the third round or later. The Cowboys' Tony Romo went undrafted.
The perception that Glennon could push Freeman for the starting job this year is farfetched. Based on percentages, it's a long shot he ever emerges as a consistent starter in the NFL.
But there is a lot to like about Glennon. Start with his arm strength. It might not be as good as Freeman, but for a tall quarterback, he has a quick release with little wasted motion.
One thing that stands out, however, is that Glennon is not nearly as good of an athlete as Freeman. At only 220 pounds, he appears skinny and his inability to escape pressure could be a problem in the NFL.
Because he was mentored by former Boston College coach Tom O'Brien at N.C. State, Glennon has heard inevitable comparisons to Falcons quarterback and former BC star Matt Ryan.
"I've heard it since I was 17 years old, ever since I committed to N.C. State for coach O'Brien," Glennon, 23, said. "The comparisons immediately started. It's something I'm used to, and now I think it'll be neat that I'm playing him two times a year. It really doesn't mean much because he's accomplished a little more than I have at this point, and one day I hope I can accomplish the same things as him."
The best thing going for Glennon might be that the Bucs' offense fits his skills sets. Under Schiano and offensive coordinator Mike Sullivan, Tampa Bay uses a strong play-action game and wants to drive downfield in the passing game.
"I think it's a good fit," Glennon said. "You look at Josh and you see a big, tall, strong-armed guy, and I think I'm similar to that. (Sullivan) came from New York with Eli (Manning), and I think I'm similar to that as well. Really, I'm just going to do whatever they asked of me."
Can Glennon assume the role as franchise quarterback? Will he compete with Freeman for the starting job this year? Glennon isn't really saying.
"As a player you're obviously extremely competitive or you wouldn't have made it to this level," he said. "If you try and get better each and every day, the results will follow."
Rick Stroud can be reached at stroud@tampabay.com and can be heard from 6 to 9 a.m. weekdays on WDAE-620. View his blog at tampabay.com/blogs/bucs. Follow him on Twitter at @NFLStroud. | 2024-04-23T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3191 |
BpV (phen) induces apoptosis of RINm5F cells by modulation of MAPKs and MKP-1.
We investigated the mechanism of toxicity of peroxovanadium complex bpV (phen) in RINm5F cells. Treatment with bpV (phen) provoked cell death, predominantly by apoptosis. This compound induced strong and sustained JNK and p38 MAPK activation. However, ERK phosphorylation was not affected. The level of expression of MAPK phosphatase MKP-1 was suppressed after bpV (phen) treatment. In addition, this compound did not stimulate proteolytic processing of procaspase-3, suggesting that caspase-3 is not activated during the course of bpV (phen)-induced apoptosis. A correlative inhibition of JNK activation by immunosuppressive drug FK 506 induced ERK activation and MKP-1 expression, and suppressed RINm5F cell death. A specific p38 inhibitor SB 203580 also stimulated ERK activation and cell survival. Furthermore, simultaneous pretreatment with both FK 506 and SB 203580 almost completely abolished cell death. Thus, our results suggest that stress kinases and MKP-1 have a role in bpV (phen)-induced apoptosis of RINm5F cells. | 2023-09-14T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7801 |
package service
import (
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/hex"
"testing"
"github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
)
func TestServiceBase64Decode(t *testing.T) {
convey.Convey("", t, func() {
bytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString("igIDgs/yFxaFI+oiu2HoDw==")
convey.So(bytes, convey.ShouldNotBeEmpty)
convey.So(err, convey.ShouldBeNil)
convey.So(hex.EncodeToString(bytes), convey.ShouldEqual, "8a020382cff217168523ea22bb61e80f")
})
}
func TestService_cleanTokenCache(t *testing.T) {
once.Do(startService)
convey.Convey("cleanTokenCache", t, func() {
err := s.cleanTokenCache("igIDgs/yFxaFI+oiu2HoDw==", 0)
convey.So(err, convey.ShouldNotBeNil)
})
}
| 2023-10-01T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6557 |
Organooligosilsesquioxanes have been described, for example, in the papers by M. G. Voronkov et al (Zhur. Obshchei Khimii 49 (7), page 1522 (1979); Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 281(6), page 1374 (1985); and ibid. 270(4), page 888 (1983)).
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel organooligosilsesquioxanes. Another object of the present invention is to develop processes for the preparation of organooligosilsesquioxanes. Still another object of the present invention is to modify organooligosilsesquioxanes by chemical reactions. A further object of the present invention is to provide novel crosslinking agents for silicones and organic polymers. | 2023-11-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6914 |
Prior to diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) the state of insulin resistance (InsR) exists. While InsR is characterized by high plasma levels of insulin and glucose, it is hyperglycemia that is most often studied in the etiology of observed changes in microvascular dysfunction. Independent of its role in glucose metabolism insulin can alter the major endothelial cell (EC) function: exchange. How exchange changes also depends on sex. Specifically, acute high insulin (10-7 M, Ins+) increases microvascular permeability (Ps) to protein only in males. Further, EC from males and females retain sex differences in culture in the absence of oscillating reproductive hormones and acute (min) and chronic (weeks) exposure to insulin elicits both sex-dependent and -independent changes in EC signaling. These data lead to the formulation of the novel hypothesis, to be tested in 3 aims that insulin, in a genomic, sex-dependent manner, contributes to fluid balance via regulation of microvessel permeability (Ps) to proteins. Thus, Psalbumin in adult rats of both sexes will be assessed using quantitative in vivo and in vitro methods to determine the sex-dependence of acute insulin in the regulation of in situ microvascular exchange in Aim 1, when Ins+ is predicted to alter acutely (min-hrs) protein flux in males, not females.
In Aim 2 whether sex differences in insulin action on Psalbumin are exacerbated during chronic hyperinsulinemia (Ins+, in the absence of confounding factors present in InsR and DM2) will be determined. Chronic insulin is predicted to lead to insidious changes in interstitial milieu manifested as changes in protease activity, elevated tissue protein and inflammatory mediators, and changes in EC phenotype with respect to levels of NO and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Finally, in Aim 3, to round out the vertical integration, cultured microvessel EC of males and females, respectively, will be used to determine which EC insulin receptor-mediated signaling mechanisms are sex-specific. The EC phenotype in response to insulin is posited to reflect M/F-differences in the contribution of the EC- insulin signaling pathways leading to endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) production, respectively. DM2 is a chronic progressive disease with a greater morbidity and mortality in women than men albeit the incidence is sex-independent. Knowledge of a) the direct role of Ins+ in loss of barrier function, b) the sex-specific, genomic EC responses to acute and chronic insulin, and c) the cellular Ins signaling mediating these responses will facilitate formulation of strategies for earler disease identification and tailoring of patient therapy to ameliorate, if not reverse, or stop disease progression.
Public Health Relevance
Before type 2 diabetes (DM2) is diagnosed, the state of insulin resistance (InsR, high plasma glucose and insulin) exists and it is the high glucose that has been studied as the cause of microvascular dysfunction contributing to the morbidity and mortality that is higher for women than men. We find that a) the hormone, insulin, independent of its role in glucose metabolism, can alter the major function of endothelial cells (EC): exchange, b) how exchange/barrier function changes is sex-specific as high insulin increases microvascular permeability (Ps) only in males;c) EC from males and females in culture retain sex differences in cell signaling in the absence of oscillating reproductive hormones, and d) acute (min) and chronic (weeks) exposure to insulin elicits both sex-dependent and -independent changes in EC signaling. We will test the novel hypotheses in vivo and in vitro that chronic high insulin leads to insidious changes in interstitial milieu involving a constellation of changes in tissue proteins, inflammatory mediators, and EC phenotype leading to development of clinical symptoms found in InsR and finally DM2 as knowledge of the direct role played by Ins to mediate sex-dependent responses will facilitate strategies to identify disease earlier and tailo patient therapy to ameliorate, if not reverse or stop, disease progression. | 2024-07-31T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7881 |
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>7.8. NsCDE-Event.conf</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="NsCDE.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Not so Common Desktop Environment (NsCDE) Manual"><link rel="up" href="NsCDE-Configuration-Files.html" title="7. Configuration files explained"><link rel="prev" href="NsCDE_conf.html" title="7.7. NsCDE.conf"><link rel="next" href="NsCDE-Font-DPIdpi_conf.html" title="7.9. NsCDE-Font-$NSCDE_FONT_DPIdpi.conf"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">7.8. NsCDE-Event.conf</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="NsCDE_conf.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">7. Configuration files explained</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="NsCDE-Font-DPIdpi_conf.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="NsCDE-Event_conf"></a>7.8. NsCDE-Event.conf</h3></div></div></div><p>
FvwmEvent(1) module configuration. In this file a single instance of the
FvwmEvent called <code class="option">MainLoop</code> is defined. It passes ID (Window ID, desk
etc ... depending on context) for window manager actions. <code class="option">Cmd</code> option is
empty: FVWM functions are used for all defined actions. Currently,
actions <code class="option">new_desk</code>, <code class="option">new_page</code>, <code class="option">add_window</code>
and <code class="option">focus_change</code> are observed and
their respective functions from <code class="filename">NsCDE-Functions.conf</code> are triggered.
This serves Workspace Manager,
Page Manager (PGM) and window placement functions in an important way. If
redefined or disabled, things will start to break. It can be extended by
the user to suit the needs, but here also care must be taken, because
complex functions, or calling slow and/or resource hungry commands from
that functions can make FVWM (and hence NsCDE) dramatically slow.
</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="NsCDE_conf.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="NsCDE-Configuration-Files.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="NsCDE-Font-DPIdpi_conf.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">7.7. NsCDE.conf </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 7.9. NsCDE-Font-$NSCDE_FONT_DPIdpi.conf</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
| 2024-01-08T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2792 |
Comrade Eric Omare, the spokesperson of the Ijaw Youth Council (IYC) worldwide on Friday, vehemently rejected the creation of additional eighteen states as recommended by the delegates at the ongoing National Conference.
The group in a statement issued in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, alleged that the move was aimed at favouring some ethnic nationalities, noting that the Ijaw being the fourth largest ethnic nationality in the country was deliberately left out in the proposed state creation exercise as part of its continued segregation by authorities.
National Conference Delegates
According to Vanguard, the Ijaw ethnic nationality also requested for a creation of two additional states; Toru-Ebe State from the present Delta, Edo and Ondo States and Oil Rivers State from the present Rivers and Akwa Ibom States, but unfortunately the conference committee on Political Restructuring and Forms of Government recommended creation of additional 18 states across the country but declined the Ijaw people’s request.
Related: REVEALED: How Northerners Stopped Jonathan’s 6-Year Single Term Bid
“It is totally unacceptable for the Conference to recommend the creation of additional 18 states without considering the requests of the Ijaw Ethnic Nationality which is Nigeria’s 4th largest tribe. The conference recommendations are geared towards empowering some ethnic nationalities to have more political control to the detriment of other ethnic nationalities in Nigeria and in total disregard to the political marginalisation and oppression of the Ijaws of Delta, Edo and Ondo states who requested for the creation of Toru-Ebe State and the Ijaw of Rivers and Akwa Ibom states who requested for the creation of Oil Rivers State” Omare said. “It is on record that the Ijaw were the first to demand for a region of their own even before the Nigerian independence in 1960. At that time there were only three regions in Nigeria which today has increased to 36 states and if Confab recommendations are implemented, they would now be 54 to 55 states out of which the North would have 28 states; Yoruba: 9 states; Ibos: 9 states, with additional two to three in south-south, but Ijaw that is the fourth largest tribe that requested for a region of their own even before independence and their leader Major Isaac Boro declared a 12 Day Republic partly because of state creation would have only one state: Bayelsa State”.
Related: National Conference: Delegates Vote For Creation Of State Police
The IYC in the statement noted that they would not allow Ijaw resources to be used to fund and develop other states to their own disadvantage, noting that without the creation of Toru-Ebe and Oil Rivers States to liberate them politically, they would have no other option than to reconsider their position in the country.
“In the coming days, Ijaw Youth leaders would meet to take a position especially to consider the role of Ijaw delegates at the ongoing National Confab, who have been docile without an agenda” he said.
It would be recalled that delegates at the ongoing national conference on Thursday July 3, 2014, unanimously supported the creation of 18 more additional states to add to the current 36 states of the federation. | 2023-08-14T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6323 |
Q:
ClassCastException: JPA -> Bean value (different ClassLoaders)
I get a ClassCastException when assigning an object from JPA to an attribute of a ManagedBean:
Object r = query.getSingleResult(); // javax.persistence.Query
ClassLoader c1 = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
ClassLoader c2 = r.getClass().getClassLoader();
user = (User) r; // blubb.model.User
The problem is that c1 (ManagedBean) and c2 (EclipseLink) are different ClassLoaders:
c1: WebappClassLoader (delegate=true; repositories=WEB-INF/classes/)
c2: WebappClassLoader (delegate=true)
How can I fix this?
A:
What is your environment? Are you using Java EE, Spring, OSGi? Which server, WLS, WAS, GF?
Did you redeploy your application? Is the persistence unit managed or non-managed?
It could be that you redeployed your application, but never closed the EntityManagerFactory, so it is still deployed with the old classes.
| 2024-01-22T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5323 |
The Promise and Potential Perils of Big Data for Advancing Symptom Management Research in Populations at Risk for Health Disparities.
Symptom management research is a core area of nursing science and one of the priorities for the National Institute of Nursing Research, which specifically focuses on understanding the biological and behavioral aspects of symptoms such as pain and fatigue, with the goal of developing new knowledge and new strategies for improving patient health and quality of life. The types and volume of data related to the symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and outcomes are increasingly accessible for research. Traditional data streams are now complemented by consumer-generated (i.e., quantified self) and "omic" data streams. Thus, the data available for symptom science can be considered big data. The purposes of this chapter are to (a) briefly summarize the current drivers for the use of big data in research; (b) describe the promise of big data and associated data science methods for advancing symptom management research; (c) explicate the potential perils of big data and data science from the perspective of the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice; and (d) illustrate strategies for balancing the promise and the perils of big data through a case study of a community at high risk for health disparities. Big data and associated data science methods offer the promise of multidimensional data sources and new methods to address significant research gaps in symptom management. If nurse scientists wish to apply big data and data science methods to advance symptom management research and promote health equity, they must carefully consider both the promise and perils. | 2024-03-25T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9667 |
Q:
Should I still use the keyword explicit for copy constructors?
C++ provides the keyword explicit to suppress implicit conversions via
conversion constructors when such conversions should not be allowed. A
constructor that's declared explicit cannot be used in an implicit
conversion. Use the explicit keyword on single-argument constructors
that should not be used by the compiler to perform implicit
conversions.
This makes sense, BUT should I still use the keyword explicit for copy constructors? In what other cases would it be useful to use the keyword explicit and why?
A:
It's legal to declare a copy constructor explicit. Declaring it or not really depends on what you want to do. For example, you declare a copy constructor explicit if you want to forbid it from being called implicitly at function calls or with the copy-initialization syntax.
| 2024-07-25T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4329 |
228 S.W.2d 646 (1950)
OWENS
v.
SOUTHEAST ARK. TRANSP. CO. et al.
No. 4-9142.
Supreme Court of Arkansas.
March 27, 1950.
Rehearing Denied May 1, 1950.
John P. Vesey, Hope, for appellant.
Jay W. Dickey, Pine Bluff, for appellees.
*647 GRIFFIN SMITH, Chief Justice.
For more than thirty years W. C. Owens had been employed by Southeast Arkansas Transportation Company and its predecessors. He was struck by an automobile December 26, 1948, and died from the injuries three days later. The instrumentality causing death was not an agency of the employer. The question is whether facts not substantially disputed were sufficient, as a matter of law, to carry the Company's Compensation coverage under Act 319 of 1939 to the time and place of misfortune.[1] The decedent's widow has appealed from a Circuit Court judgment sustaining the Commission's finding that the injury did not arise out of or occur in the course of the servant's employment.
As bus driver for the Transportation Company Owens went from his home to the carbarn and started his daily runs at 6:22. He was relieved for an hour at 10:56, then worked until 6:12an active employment period of ten hours and eighteen minutes. In lieu of a weekly or monthly salary, he was paid by the hour, and his current earning was $57.50 per week. Ordinarily the drivers would go by the office at day's end to settle for collection of fares and adjust their "tokens" account. The superintendent's desk is on the second floor of a building on Main street reached by steps leading from an entrance about thirty feet north of the northeast corner of Second and Main streets. Northbound buses on Main turn west on Second and stop near the northwest corner of the intersection.
Owens left his bus the evening of December 26, crossed the street, settled with the Company's assistant superintendent, and promptly left. He hurriedly remarked that the 6:24 bus was in sight and that he intended to catch itpresumptively to go home, as was his custom. In attempting to cross Main street, Owens walked diagonally southwest and was struck by a motorist who testified that he did not see the pedestrian until after the accident.
We have no difficulty in concluding that if Owens' injuries had been caused by the act of a third party after the bus had been boarded, or after he had reached a place that made him an actual or constructive passenger, liability under the Compensation Law would attach. To meet a situation where facts were analogous to those with which we are dealing, Minnesota amended its compensation law after the Supreme Court had held that an employe was not protected while being transported on a company truck between two of its plants. This result was necessary because the original Act, by express terms, limited liability to accidents that occurred "on the premises". The amendment extended coverage to employes to whom transportation was regularly furnished. Under this broader policy compensation was allowed an employe who was injured in a street car safety zone while awaiting transportation. The decision is based upon legislative intent. Radermacher v. St. Paul St. Ry. Co., 214 Minn. 427, 8 N.W.2d 466, 467, 145 A.L.R. 1027. The opinion of Mr. Justice Olson is summed up in the headnote he prepared, as follows: "Where as an incident to the employment it is contemplated and understood by both employer and employe that the former will transport the latter to or from the place where the work is done, an accidental injury to the employe while thus being transported arises out of and in the course of the employment".
An opinion by Chief Justice Brogan, Micieli v. Erie Railroad Co., 1944, 131 N.J.L. 427, 37 A.2d 123, expressed the view of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals that an employe who is carried to and from his place of employment as part of his contract of service, or as a privilege incidental thereto with no deduction from his regular wages for such transportation, is considered by the weight of authority to be a servant and not a passenger. See 62 A.L.R. 1445; 145 A.L.R. 1035; City and County of San Francisco v. Industrial Accident Comm., 61 Cal.App.2d 248, 142 P.2d 760. In the California case the Court said that where there was evidence that for a long period the municipal street railway had furnished transportation to its employes as *648 an accepted condition of employment, the State Industrial Commission was not bound to accept printed statements on a pass issued to an employe to the effect that the pass was issued as a courtesy and not as part of the consideration for employment.
A different result was reached in another California case, Dellepiani v. Industrial Accident Comm., 211 Cal. 430, 295 P. 826, 827, 828. The employe was injured while crossing a public street. The employer, Street Railway Company, had not engaged to deliver the employe to the place of his employment, or to his home after the day's work was done. The Company's undertaking was to furnish free transportation "on its street cars as the same were operated" on and along the streets between the employe's home and the Company's premises upon which the worker was employed. The employe was run over by a passing automobile and killed after he had left the street car and started to walk across the street to the carbarnhis place of employment. It was held that the employe was not under the direction, control, or protection of the employer; and, since he was free to choose any route of travel and any means of conveyance that might appear to him to be feasible and desirable to reach the premises of the employer, and the latter is without any right or authority to govern his movements during such period, it would not be accurate to say that the employe had either reached his employer's premises or that he was being conveyed thereto by his employer.
In circumstances where the principle involved was not at material variance with the Dellepiani case, recovery was denied in De Voe v. N. Y. State Railways, 218 N.Y. 318, 113 N.E. 256, L.R.A.1917A, 250; Ogden Transit Co. v. Industrial Comm., 95 Utah 66, 79 P.2d 17, and in Ex parte Taylor, 213 Ala. 282, 104 So. 527.
A tendency of Courts in most of the States is to deal with the particular case, from a factual standpoint, in the light of what employer and employe probably intended. And this is to be done without splitting behavior infinitives to a point where none of the subdivided parts bears the slightest relation to the original undertaking. But in Arkansas the Commission is the fact-finding agency, and we affirm its decisions when they are based upon substantial evidence, and when error of law does not appear.
An example of analytical progress by Courts is the so-called landmark decision in Massachusetts, "Caswell's Case", 305 Mass. 500, 26 N.E.2d 328. The opinion was written by Judge Lammus, and has been spoken of as having avoided the paralyzing effect of an earlier Massachusetts decision, In re McNicol, 215 Mass. 497, 102 N.E. 697, L.R.A.1916A, 306. In Caswell's Case the employe was injured in an unprecedented manner. The City of Worcester was in the path of a hurricane, the severity of which caused windows to be broken in the fourth story of a building in which Caswell was working. When the wind entered the fourth floor area through the demolished windows, its force disengaged bolts that anchored the roof to portions of the brick walls, causing disintegration of supports on the southeast side, with the result that the roof fell into the fourth story area and injured Caswell. In approving compensation the Court said: "Unquestionably, the injury was received in the course of his employment. The only other requirement is that the injury be one `arising out of' his employment. * * * An injury arises out of the employment if it arises out of the nature, conditions, obligations or incidents of the employment; in other words, out of the employment looked at in any of its aspects" [305 Mass. 500, 26 N.E.2d 330].
The trend toward liberality of thought where parity of interests must be considered was emphasized by Mr. Justice Sutherland when he said: "The modern development and growth of industry, with the consequent changes in the relations of employer and employe, have been so profound in character and degree as to take away, in large measure, the applicability of the doctrines upon which rest the common-law liability of the master for personal injuries to a servant, leaving of necessity a *649 field of debatable ground where a good deal must be conceded in favor of forms of legislation, calculated to establish new bases of liability more in harmony with these changed conditions". Cudahy Packing Co. of Nebraska v. Parramore, 263 U.S. 418, 44 S.Ct. 153, 154, 68 L.Ed. 366, 30 A.L.R. 532.[2]
The term "arising out of and in the course of" is not included in the definitions found in our Compensation Law, § 2, Ark. Stats. § 81-1302. The omission was probably due to a feeling on the part of lawmakers that a tied-in construction would prove too vexatious for practical purposes because circumstances slight in themselves are often helpful in measuring conduct and intent. Hundreds of cases are cited in 4 Words and Phrases, Perm.Ed., pp. 18-147, showing how Courts have treated the words in the light of facts pertaining to a particular case. In some of the jurisdictions it is said that there must be causal connection between employment and injury,[3] while others have said that reasonable connection must be established.[4]
In discussing "out of" and "in the course of" as used in compensation statutes, Mr. Justice Porter, Haas v. Kansas City Light & Power Co., 1921, 109 Kan. 197, 198 P. 174, made the comment that American and British Courts had uniformly held that the terms were to be treated conjunctively. The Judge went back to the early case of Fitzgerald v. W. G. Clark & Son, (1908) 2 K.B. 796, quoting Buckley, L. J.: "The words `out of and in the course of the employment' are used conjunctively and not disjunctively. Upon ordinary principles of construction they are not to be read as meaning `out of'that is to say, `in the course of'. The former words must mean something different to the latter words. The workman must satisfy both the one and the other. The words `out of' point, I think, to the origin or cause of the accident. The words `in the course of' to the time, place and circumstances under which the accident took place. The former words are descriptive of the character and quality of the accident, the latter words relate to the circumstances under which an accident of that character or quality takes place. The character or quality of the accident as conveyed by the words `out of' involves, I think, the idea that the accident is in some sense due to the employment. It must be an accident resulting from the risk reasonably incident to the employment".
In Bradbury on Workmen's Compensation, 3d Ed., 468, and in 1 Honnold on Workmen's Compensation, par. 122, the rule is said to be that a man's employment does not begin until he has reached the place where he is to work or the scene of his duty, and that it does not continue after he has left the premises of his employer; and it is ordinarily held that if an employe is injured on the premises of the employer in going to or from work, he is entitled to compensation. But [Boyd on Workmen's Compensation, par. 486] the employment is not limited to the exact moment when the workman reaches the place where he begins his work or to the moment when he ceases that work. It necessarily includes a reasonable amount of time and space before starting and after ceasing actual employment, "having in mind all the circumstances connected with the accident". And [Schneider, Workmen's Compensation, v. 1, p. 776, 2d Ed.] "Whether an employe in going to or from the place of his employment is in the line of his employment will depend largely upon the particular facts and circumstances of each case. There must necessarily be a line beyond which the liability of the employer cannot continue, and the question where that line is to be drawn has been held to be usually one of fact". See Elliott on Workmen's Compensation Acts, 7th Ed., 41.
The Cudahy-Parramore case to which attention has been called, and the remarks of Mr. Justice Sutherland when that controversy *650 reached the Supreme Court of the United States, were cited by Mr. Justice Robins in Hunter v. Summerville, 205 Ark. 463, 169 S.W.2d 579. An award in favor of George Summerville was sustained, the injury having occurred while the claimant was being transported in a subcontractor's truck. The Commission had found that the course of conduct upon which liability was predicated placed the employer in the attitude of one who had tacitly acquiesced in the custom of his workmen who under their contract of employment were to be given transportation. The "tacit acquiescence" had reference to a departure from the general plan of riding in Hunter's trucks, as distinguished from one operated by a subordinate. Judge Robins' views on transportation liability were carried into his dissenting opinion in Stroud v. Gurdon Lumber Co., 206 Ark. 490, at page 496, 177 S.W.2d 181, 184. He stressed the thought expressed by Mr. Justice Rutledge that if, in compensation claims (seamen in that case) leeway is to be given in either direction, "all the considerations which brought the liability into being dictate it should be in the sailor's behalf".
Our review of the record in the appeal here decided discloses two essential facts: (a) After completing his settlement at the Company office Owens left immediately and was proceeding by the most direct route to catch the bus he customarily used in going home; and, like a large number of pedestrians were in the habit of doing, he "angled" across Main Street, or was in the act of doing so when hit. (b) Free transportation was a part of the contract of employment, and it was mutually beneficial. Any doubt regarding its place in the Company's plan is dissipated with the testimony of J. O. Poss, superintendent.
Question on cross-examination: "When you employ a man do you [in connection with that employment] tell him that you will furnish transportation to and from work?" Answer: "No, I don't tell them that: I tell them we will furnish free transportation any time the bus is on the street". Question: "Could you withdraw that right at any time you desiredyour giving them free transportation?" Answer: "Well, I suppose we could, [but] I don't think we would want to".
A little later, on redirect examination, the witness said: "I don't believe I tell [prospective employes] anything at the time I employ them, about transportation. I instruct them after they are employed that they have a right themselves to ride the bus any time they desire, but that doesn't apply to anyone other than the employes, and policemen and firemen. Their families have to pay".
Another witness testified that Owens rode the bus home from work ninety percent of the time.
Counsel for appellee correctly says that none of our cases is precedent for a holding that recovery can be had here. The problem is reduced in point of time to whether this trusted employe, with a service record of more than thirty years, had severed his day's connection with the Company when he left the office and hurriedly stated that the 6:24 bus was in sight. The rule appears to be fairly well settled that if Owens, with transportation rights, had reached the bus, or had been within the sidewalk area where boarding was merely a formality, recovery would lie.
It is the intervening transaction, the attempt to cross the street, that presents our problem.
Of course, had there been a turning aside any substantial deviation from a direct course adopted for personal reasonsthe situation would be different. But see Tinsman Manufacturing Co., Inc., v. Sparks, 211 Ark. 554, 201 S.W.2d 573, and the cases there cited, beginning at page 563 of 211 Ark., at page 577 of 201 S.W.2d 574. Sparks left the master's bus when it stopped at Hampton, and in crossing the highway to purchase tobacco for himself he was struck by an automobile. It was held that the accident occurred "in the course of" the servant's employment.
We are not willing to say, in the circumstances of the case at bar, that the law must be so narrowed as to deny recovery while *651 a customary act was being performed. It was too closely related to the employe's proven course of conductconduct known to the Company and impliedly if not actually acquiesced in by it. In effect the Company said to Owens, "Take your pass and go across the street to our bus; your day's work has been finished, and we are interested in seeing that you get home as expeditiously as possible".
The judgment is reversed. The cause is remanded to Circuit Court with directions that its mandate to the Commission be responsive to this opinion.
NOTES
[1] Ark.Stats. § 81-1301, Init. Meas. No. 4, 1948.
[2] This case first went to the Supreme Court of Utah by writ of review through which the Cudahy Company sought to annul an Industrial Commission award in favor of Parramore's dependents.
[3] Industrial Commission of Ohio v. Weaver, 45 Ohio App. 371, 187 N.E. 186.
[4] Patterson v. S. S. Thompson, Inc., 169 A. 338, 12 N.J.Misc. 4.
| 2023-08-12T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9952 |
Q:
memory error when todense in python using CountVectorizer
Here is my code and memory error when call todense(), I am using GBDT model, and wondering if anyone have good ideas how to work around memory error? Thanks.
for feature_colunm_name in feature_columns_to_use:
X_train[feature_colunm_name] = CountVectorizer().fit_transform(X_train[feature_colunm_name]).todense()
X_test[feature_colunm_name] = CountVectorizer().fit_transform(X_test[feature_colunm_name]).todense()
y_train = y_train.astype('int')
grd = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=n_estimator, max_depth=10)
grd.fit(X_train.values, y_train.values)
Detailed error message,
in _process_toarray_args
return np.zeros(self.shape, dtype=self.dtype, order=order)
MemoryError
...
regards,
Lin
A:
There are multiple things wrong here:
for feature_colunm_name in feature_columns_to_use:
X_train[feature_colunm_name] = CountVectorizer().fit_transform(X_train[feature_colunm_name]).todense()
X_test[feature_colunm_name] = CountVectorizer().fit_transform(X_test[feature_colunm_name]).todense()
1) You are trying to assign mutliple columns (result of CountVectorizer will be a 2-d array where columns represent features) to a single column 'feature_colunm_name' of DataFrame. Thats not going to work and will produce error.
2) You are fitting the CountVectorizer again on the test data, which is wrong. You should use the same CountVectorizer object on test data that you used on trainind data and only call transform(), not fit_transform().
Something like:
cv = CountVectorizer()
X_train_cv = cv.fit_transform(X_train[feature_colunm_name])
X_test_cv = cv.transform(X_test[feature_colunm_name])
3) GradientBoostingClassifier works well with sparse data. Its not mentioned in documentation yet (seems like a mistake on the documentation).
4) You seem to be transforming multiple columns of your original data to bag-of-words form. For that you will need to use those many CountVectorizer objects and then merge all the output data into a single array which you pass to GradientBoostingClassifier.
Update:
You need to setup something like this:
# To merge sparse matrices
from scipy.sparse import hstack
result_matrix_train = None
result_matrix_test = None
for feature_colunm_name in feature_columns_to_use:
cv = CountVectorizer()
X_train_cv = cv.fit_transform(X_train[feature_colunm_name])
# Merge the vector with others
result_matrix_train = hstack((result_matrix_train, X_train_cv))
if result_matrix_train is not None else X_train_cv
# Now transform the test data
X_test_cv = cv.transform(X_test[feature_colunm_name])
result_matrix_test = hstack((result_matrix_test, X_test_cv))
if result_matrix_test is not None else X_test_cv
Note: If you have other columns also which you did not process through the Countvectorizer because they are already numerical or so, which you want to merge with the result_matrix_train, you can do that too by:
result_matrix_train = hstack((result_matrix_test, X_train[other_columns].values))
result_matrix_test = hstack((result_matrix_test, X_test[other_columns].values))
Now use these to train:
...
grd.fit(result_matrix_train, y_train.values)
| 2024-03-27T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7369 |
Special counsel Robert Mueller may be the most well-known figure in the special counsel's office (SCO), but the attorneys Mueller has assembled for his investigation into connections between the Trump campaign and Russian government during the 2016 election are a prosecutorial dream team. The SCO has declined to identify two of the 17 lawyers on staff, but the other 15 have taken down smugglers, gangs, and terrorists in court along with more mundane white collar criminals; they have clerked for Supreme Court justices and worked for some of the country's most prestigious law firms. As pressure grows on Mueller's investigation on multiple fronts, his team will be facing increasing scrutiny as well.
Robert Mueller III was the longest serving director (2001-13) in FBI history besides J. Edgar Hoover, but Mueller also worked several stints as a Justice Department attorney for a total of about 22 years, interspersed with several years in private practice. Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein called Mueller out of private practice once again to head the special counsel investigation. Mueller's long history with the FBI and the Justice Department under both parties seemed to give him solid credentials to lead the investigation and potentially explosive prosecutions, possibly reaching as high as the Oval Office.
While there has been a small amount of turnover in Mueller's staff since his appointment in May, the team of attorneys presently stands at 17. The U.S. code governing special counsels states that "...the identity and prosecutorial jurisdiction of such independent counsel shall be made public when any indictment is returned, or any criminal information is filed, pursuant to the independent counsel’s investigation," but Joshua Stueve, spokesman for the Special Counsel’s Office, told THE WEEKLY STANDARD that the directive applies only to the "the identities of the attorney(s) filing charges." Despite this explanation, only eight of the 15 have signed as parties to the three cases filed so far by the SCO ( U.S. v. Michael Flynn; U.S. v. Paul Manafort, Jr. and Richard Gates III; and U.S. v. George Papadopoulos.)
Mueller himself is the sole signatory of the indictment of Manafort and Gates. The remaining two cases were filed with plea agreements already in place and documents include the names of Mueller subordinates.
The two attorneys identified in publicly available court documents for the Michael Flynn case are Zainab Ahmad and Brandon Van Grack.
In less than 10 years with the Justice Department, Zainab Ahmad, a 2005 graduate of Columbia Law School, has helped convict 13 terrorists (which earned her a flattering profile in The New Yorker), has prosecuted cases against the infamous Bloods gang, and early in her career even went after smugglers in the illegal ivory trade. Ahmad just began to work in Washington, DC., last year at the invitation of then-Attorney General Loretta Lynch. Though the Flynn case has led to a plea agreement, Mueller may have recruited Ahmad in part for her reputation as a riveting presence in court as a trial attorney.
Brandon Van Grack (Harvard '06) has worked for the DoJ since 2010 in several capacities, most recently in the National Security and International Crime Unit for the U.S. Attorney's Office in the Eastern District of Virginia. In 2016, Van Grack helped prosecute a scientist of the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency for espionage. According to the FBI, "agents discovered a white duct-taped box underneath the basement stairs. Inside the box were over 500 pages of documents classified at Top Secret and Secret levels." Van Grack also prosecuted an Iranian citizen in 2013 who attempted to sell prohibited electronic components to Iran.
The three SCO lawyers who worked on the George Papadopoulos case, according to court documents, are Andrew Goldstein, Jeannie Rhee, and Aaron Zelinsky.
When the SCO revealed that Andrew Goldstein would join Mueller's staff, Preet Bharara, former United States attorney for the Southern District of New York (who describes himself in his Twitter bio as "Banned by Putin, fired by Trump") lauded Goldstein as "my corruption chief ... Best of best in every way. Fair, tough, smart." Goldstein focused on white-collar crime and public corruption in the U.S. attorney's office under Bharara in New York. In 2015, Goldstein received an award from the DoJ for his prosecution of the CityTime case, the "largest municipal fraud and kickback scheme in history." The investigation "involved tracing payments through more than 150 foreign and domestic accounts" and "poring through hundreds of thousands of emails and project documents."
Jeannie Rhee's inclusion on Mueller's staff has been one of the more controversial selections. Rhee (Yale '97) was a partner at WilmerHale, the same firm as Mueller, which both left to work for the SCO. Mueller's detractors have raised concerns about Rhee in recent weeks, but CNN reported as early as June that Rhee was the second-largest political donor at the SCO at the time, giving in excess of $16,000 since 2008, exclusively to Democratic campaigns, including Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. Rhee has also represented the lawsuits against the Clinton Foundation and against Clinton herself over emails.
Rhee previously served two stints as a government attorney. From 2000-06 she worked as assistant U.S. attorney in D.C. and later worked in the Obama Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel under the attorney general. Rhee's experience came in handy in private practice at WilmerHale where she advised "clients who are the subject of government investigations, including white-collar criminal investigations[.]"
Aaron Zelinsky (Yale '10) is one of the least experienced members of the SCO. Zelinsky made a name for himself as a blogger (his blog is currently on a private setting) during the 2008 presidential campaign. He continued his writing after graduating, including an article in 2013 on how courts "encourage leaking." Zelinsky went on to clerk for retired Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens, who once credited the young lawyer for doing "research" on the movie Gone With the Wind to refresh Stevens's recollection of the film.
Zelinsky became an assistant U.S. attorney in 2014, and in 2016 received the Excellence in Prosecution of Organized Crime award from the DoJ. Zelinsky is on detail from the Justice Department while working for the SCO. Just this month, defendants in a bank fraud and identity theft case that Zelinsky prosecuted were sentenced to 10 years in prison.
The initial charges the special counsel filed against Trump’s former campaign manager Paul Manafort and his associate Richard Gates did not reveal the names of the attorneys on the case. Subsequent court filings, however, have shown that the Manafort case involves prosecutors Andrew Weissmann, Greg Andres, and Kyle Freeny, seasoned trial attorneys with substantial experience prosecuting money laundering and fraud.
Andrew Weissmann (Columbia ‘84) is perhaps the most powerful tool in the special counsel’s arsenal, a seasoned DoJ veteran and relentless prosecutor with an unstoppable work ethic and a resume tailor-made for the Manafort trial. Manafort, accused of money laundering and failure to disclose his foreign contacts, was a high-flying political consultant who had many powerful friends; Weissmann made his bones prosecuting crime families at the U.S. attorney’s office in New York and leading one of history’s largest fraud investigations as director of the DoJ Enron Tax Force in 2004. As an added bonus, Weissmann has worked with Mueller before, serving as the FBI’s general counsel for a portion of Mueller’s term as FBI director.
Despite Weissmann’s impressive credentials, his presence on Mueller’s team has created some headaches for the special counsel: Weissmann is one of the prosecutors who has been accused of animus against President Trump. Shortly after Trump’s inauguration, acting attorney general Sally Yates instructed the Justice Department not to defend his travel ban, prompting Trump to fire her This prompted Weissman to send Yates a glowing email: “I am so proud and in awe. Thank you so much. All my deepest respect.” The notion that one of the prosecutors pursuing Trump thought so highly of an extralegal action taken in defiance of Trump has unsurprisingly gone over poorly with Republicans.
Like Weissmann, Greg Andres (University of Chicago ’95) spent his early career tussling with organized crime in New York; he was apparently good enough at it that the mob plotted to assassinate him. Unlike many of Mueller’s agents, Andres has spent much of his career in white-collar criminal defense at New York firm Davis Polk & Wardell, working in cases involving insider trading, tax fraud, and money laundering, and has received several prominent legal awards. He also worked a two-year stint overseeing the fraud unit at the Justice Department from 2010 to 2012.
Andres is married to U.S. district judge Ronnie Abrams, who before Andres’ appointment had been presiding over a lawsuit alleging President Trump had violated the Constitution’s emoluments clause by continuing to profit from his private business holdings while in office. Abrams recused herself from the case when Andres joined Mueller’s team.
Kyle Freeny is the textbook definition of a career DoJ lawyer: B.A. and law degree from Harvard, Court of Appeals clerk for a year, and a DoJ trial attorney ever since. From 2007 to 2015, Freeny worked on civil cases, but moved to the criminal division to prosecute money laundering and asset recovery cases in 2016. Before moving to Mueller’s team, she helped to prosecute a case involving government corruption in Malaysia, in which the DoJ seized more than $1.7 billion Malaysian officials had reportedly attempted to launder in the United States.
Freeny has made small political donations to the past three Democratic presidential candidates.
The only criminal prosecutor known to be on Mueller’s team who is not yet assigned to a case is Rush Atkinson, a 2010 NYU Law grad who has worked for the Justice Department since 2011, first as an attorney adviser in the national security division, then as a trial attorney for fraud cases in the criminal division.
The remaining six known members of Mueller’s team function as a support staff for the investigation. Four—Michael Dreeben, Adam Jed, Scott Meisler, and Elizabeth Prelogar—are appellate attorneys, legal experts likely brought on by Mueller to piece together information unearthed by prosecutors and determine whether it actually violates federal laws.
Michael Dreeben (Duke ’81) has worked in the solicitor general’s office, which represents the federal government in Supreme Court cases, since 1988, and is widely considered one of America’s preeminent experts in criminal law. Dreeben is one of only eight lawyers ever to have argued more than 100 cases before the Supreme Court. Mueller has reportedly tapped Dreeben to serve as the investigation’s own legal counsel, advising Mueller to ensure that their prosecutorial moves are legally airtight.
In addition, Mueller has tasked Dreeben with answering a fairly novel legal question: whether President Trump would have the authority to pardon people under investigation before they have been charged with any crime. Bloomberg reported in October that Dreeben has been researching past pardons to determine what limits there are to that presidential prerogative.
Adam Jed (Harvard ’08) is an appellate attorney for the Justice Department’s civil division and a former clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens. Jed appears to have been hired less for prosecutorial expertise than for his skill in interpreting the law—unlike many members of Mueller’s team, he has no particular background in white-collar crime. But he represented the government in many high-profile cases during the Obama years, including defending the Obamacare contraceptive mandate in Little Sisters of the Poor v. Sebelius and working on the team that implemented United States v. Windsor, the 2014 case that struck down the federal Defense of Marriage Act’s definition of marriage as between a man and a woman.
Scott Meisler (Georgetown ’05) and Elizabeth Prelogar (Harvard ’08) round out the appellate team. Meisler has worked with the DoJ’s criminal division since 2009, and in 2012 won the division’s Award for Outstanding Contributions by a New Employee for handling “some of [the division’s] most demanding cases, often with an imminent deadline.” Prelogar, meanwhile, has as sterling a legal resume as one could hope for: a former law clerk to Supreme Court justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Elena Kagan, a Fulbright scholar, and apparently a fluent speaker of Russia. Like Dreeben, Prelogar is on detail from the solicitor general’s office.
The last two known members of the special counsel are personal associates of Mueller himself: James Quarles (Harvard ’72) and Aaron Zebley (Virginia ’96), who came with Mueller and Rhee from WilmerHale at the outset of the probe. Which isn’t to say they aren’t top-notch agents in their own right: This isn’t even Quarles’s first special counsel, as he was an assistant on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force, and Zebley circled the globe as a counterterrorist FBI agent before serving as an assistant U.S. attorney and then settling as Mueller’s chief of staff at the FBI. | 2024-04-12T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2904 |
Tony Stewart looks at the crowd at Eldora Speedway during the Prelude to the Dream in this June 4 file photo. Stewart, who has had a successful run with Joe Gibbs Racing, is being released from his current contract at the end of the season to pursue an opportunity to buy his own NASCAR team. | 2024-04-11T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5440 |
Dim shell
Set shell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
shell.run "easy-window.exe -url samples/unregular/index.html -layered true -width 200 -height 200 -topmost true" | 2023-12-21T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4450 |
I believe we may have some yeasties...
My daughter has had frequent on and off diaper rash since birth... Despite my efforts to let her be diaperless quite often, applying coconut oil like a mad woman, and rarely using a disposable diaper in the last five months or so.
(Side note: I don't believe the diapers to be the cause. i.e. buildup or detergent sensitivity)
So anyways.
A few days ago, her off and on rash turned into a hell-fire of a rash. It has the thrush look to it (red, bumpy, etc) and has spread far up her front and back across her bum. Poor baby... She is also screaming at night when she has to pee (we do EC) instead of just nudging me repeatedly.
Then, I am suddenly having pain during breastfeeding (she is six months old - we haven't had problems since she was a newborn). It's a bit stingy, but not excruciating like I read about other moms with thrush. She doesn't appear to have any mouth sores/soreness.
So. Before I go pick up gentian violet and grapefruit seed extract... lol...
Is there any OTHER reason for these symptoms? I hate to treat it as yeast if there are other possible causes.
Thanks, mamas! | 2024-01-27T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6850 |
The 1970s: When comedy met reality
Journalist Richard Zoglin takes a behind-the-scenes look at stand-up in the ‘70s
By
Randy Dotinga /
January 31, 2008
Back in 1977, more than two decades after the word “pregnant” stunned the censors of “I Love Lucy,” dirty-mouthed comedian George Carlin performed his stand-up act on the small screen. Disclaimers appeared not once but twice, freezing the finale of his routine with an apologetic warning of what was to come.
The nervous-Nellie network behind this abundance of caution? A little start-up called HBO.
The show may have been a tipping point, the midpoint of a revolution. In between Bob Newhart and Chris Rock, Phyllis Diller and Margaret Cho, American comedy changed dramatically. It coarsened, expanded, and sharpened thanks to new freedoms. Gone were one-liners about nonexistent nagging wives, replaced by true tales of ghetto life, sexual frustration, and a certain seven dirty words.
“The old comics made jokes about real life. The new comics turned real life into the joke,” writes journalist Richard Zoglin in his sharp, perceptive history Comedy at the Edge: How Stand-Up in the 1970s Changed America.
Behind the scenes, comedians lived lives of rejection and poverty. Until they went on strike, many comedy clubs didn’t even bother to pay them.
But an agent might drop by during a performance and arrange an audience with the kingmaker, aka Johnny Carson. Carson didn’t embrace as many women or ethnic comics as some might have liked, and his tastes could be parochial. But his guffaws had the power to ignite careers.
Zoglin provides some gossip about drug use and bad behavior, but not too much. Especially fascinating are tales about the inner politics of comedy clubs and the struggles of female comedians.
Younger readers might feel lost amid some recaps of one-liners and trademark bits. But certain moments need no explanation, like the time Eddie Murphy asked a “Tonight Show” audience to yell out an ethnic slur, then told Carson, “Last time I was out here, they screamed it before I asked ’em.” | 2023-11-14T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6428 |
The
museum is located in the former Bohus Castle, a building conceived
in neo-classicc style and bearing an outstanding history record. Here,
the staff of Hungarian Revolutionary Army signed the act of capitulation
in front of the Austrian and Russian Generals on August 13th 1849.
Ioan Slavici has been born in Siria on 18th of January 1848. The very
modest house hasn’t been preserved until today. A marble plaque,
put by the Romanian Writer’s Union on the commemoration of 25
years since the writer’s decease (1950), indicates the street
on which the house of Savu and Elena Slavici stood. There are four
exibition rooms within which the complex personality of the writer
is illustrated through photos, manuscripts, books and newspapers.
Of a special documentary and emmotional value is the presence of a
part of the writer’s working room, from the period 1880 –
1883, as he lived in Bucharest, hosting Mihai Eminescu, who had to
become the Romanian national poet.
The exhibition dedicated to the live and and activity of the composer
Emil Montia (1882 – 1965), who settled in Siria in 1906, has
been opened in 1970. The composer’s working room has been reconstituted,
comprising the original furniture, the piano, the violin, scores,
folklore collections and family photographs.
Within the castle parc, there is the statue of Antonia Bohus, the
busts of Ioan Slavici, Mihai Eminescu, Ioan Russu Sirianu, Nicolae
Stefu and Emil Montia. | 2024-03-08T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5681 |
Q:
PostgreSQL: How to optimize my database for storing and querying a huge graph
I'm running PostgreSQL 8.3 on a 1.83 GHz Intel Core Duo Mac Mini with 1GB of RAM and Mac OS X 10.5.8. I have a stored a huge graph in my PostgreSQL database. It consists of 1.6 million nodes and 30 million edges. My database schema is like:
CREATE TABLE nodes (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,title VARCHAR(256));
CREATE TABLE edges (id INTEGER,link INTEGER,PRIMARY KEY (id,link));
CREATE INDEX id_idx ON edges (id);
CREATE INDEX link_idx ON edges (link);
The data in the table edges looks like
id link
1 234
1 88865
1 6
2 365
2 12
...
So it stores for each node with id x the outgoing link to id y.
The time for searching all the outgoing links is ok:
=# explain analyze select link from edges where id=4620;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index Scan using id_idx on edges (cost=0.00..101.61 rows=3067 width=4) (actual time=135.507..157.982 rows=1052 loops=1)
Index Cond: (id = 4620)
Total runtime: 158.348 ms
(3 rows)
However, if I search for the incoming links to a node, the database is more than 100 times slower (although the resulting number of incoming links is only 5-10 times higher than the number of outgoing links):
=# explain analyze select id from edges where link=4620;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap Heap Scan on edges (cost=846.31..100697.48 rows=51016 width=4) (actual time=322.584..48983.478 rows=26887 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: (link = 4620)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on link_idx (cost=0.00..833.56 rows=51016 width=0) (actual time=298.132..298.132 rows=26887 loops=1)
Index Cond: (link = 4620)
Total runtime: 49001.936 ms
(5 rows)
I tried to force Postgres not to use a Bitmap Scan via
=# set enable_bitmapscan = false;
but the speed of the query for incoming links didn't improve:
=# explain analyze select id from edges where link=1588;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index Scan using link_idx on edges (cost=0.00..4467.63 rows=1143 width=4) (actual time=110.302..51275.822 rows=43629 loops=1)
Index Cond: (link = 1588)
Total runtime: 51300.041 ms
(3 rows)
I also increased my shared buffers from 24MB to 512MB, but it didn't help. So I wonder why my queries for outgoing and incoming links show such an asymmetric behaviour? Is something wrong with my choice of indexes? Or should I better create a third table holding all the incoming links for a node with id x? But that would be quite a waste of disk space. But since I'm new into SQL databases maybe I'm missing something basic here?
A:
I guess it is because of a “density” of same-key-records on the disk.
I think the records with same id are stored in dense (i.e., few number of blocks) and those with same link are stored in sparse (i.e., distributed to huge number of blocks).
If you have inserted records in the order of id, this situation can be happen.
Assume that:
1. there are 10,000 records,
2. they're stored in the order such as (id, link) = (1, 1), (1, 2),..., (1, 100), (2, 1)..., and
3. 50 records can be stored in a block.
In the assumption above, block #1~#3 consists of the records (1, 1)~(1, 50), (1, 51)~(1, 100) and (2, 1)~(2, 50) respectively.
When you SELECT * FROM edges WHERE id=1, only 2 blocks (#1, #2) is to be loaded and scanned.
On the other hand, SELECT * FROM edges WHERE link=1 requires 50 blocks (#1, #3, #5,...), even though the number of rows are same.
A:
I think habe is right.
You can check this by using cluster link_idx on edges; analyze edges after filling the table. Now the second query should be fast, and first should be slow.
To have both queries fast you'll have to denormalize by using a second table, as you have proposed. Just remember to cluster and analyze this second table after loading your data, so all egdes linking to a node will be physically grouped.
If you will not query this all the time and you do not want to store and backup this second table then you can create it temporarily before querying:
create temporary table egdes_backwards
as select link, id from edges order by link, id;
create index edges_backwards_link_idx on edges_backwards(link);
You do not have to cluster this temporary table, as it will be physically ordered right on creation. It does not make sense for one query, but can help for several queries in a row.
A:
If you need good performance and can deal without foreign key constraints (or use triggers to implement them manually) try the intarray and intagg extension modules. Instead of the edges table have an outedges integer[] column on nodes table. This will add about 140MB to the table, so the whole thing will still probably fit into memory. For reverse lookups, either create an GIN index on the outedges column (for an additional 280MB), or just add an inedges column.
Postgresql has pretty high row overhead so the naive edges table will result in 1G of space for the table alone, + another 1.5 for the indices. Given your dataset size, you have a good chance of having most of it in cache if you use integer arrays to store the relations. This will make any lookups blazingly fast. I see around 0.08ms lookup times to get edges in either direction for a given node. Even if you don't fit it all in memory, you'll still have a larger fraction in memory and a whole lot better cache locality.
| 2024-01-24T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2880 |
Q:
How to configure monopolistic FIFO application queue in YARN?
I need to disable parallel execution of YARN applications in hadoop cluster. Now, YARN has default settings, so several jobs can run in parallel. I see no advantages of this, because both jobs run slower.
I found this setting yarn.scheduler.capacity.maximum-applications which limits maximum number of applications, but it affects both submitted and running apps (as stated in docs). I'd like to keep submitted apps in queue until current running application is not finished. How can this be done?
A:
1) Change Scheduler to FairScheduler
Hadoop distributions use CapacityScheduler by default (Cloudera uses FairScheduler as default Scheduler). Add this property to yarn-site.xml
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.fair.FairScheduler</value>
</property>
2) Set default Queue
Fair Scheduler creates a queue per user. I.E., if three different users submit jobs then three individual queues will be created and the resources will be shared among the three queues. Disable it by adding this property in yarn-site.xml
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.fair.user-as-default-queue</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
This assures that all the jobs go into a single default queue.
3) Restrict Maximum Applications
Now that the job queue has been limited to one default queue. Restrict the maximum number of applications to 1 that can be run in that queue.
Create a file named fair-scheduler.xml under the $HADOOP_CONF_DIR and add these entries
<allocations>
<queueMaxAppsDefault>1</queueMaxAppsDefault>
</allocations>
Also, add this property in yarn-site.xml
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.fair.allocation.file</name>
<value>$HADOOP_CONF_DIR/fair-scheduler.xml</value>
</property>
Restart YARN services after adding these properties.
On submitting multiple applications, the application ACCEPTED first will be considered as the Active application and the remaining will be queued as Pending applications. These pending applications will continue to be in ACCEPTED state until the RUNNING application is FINISHED. The Active application will be allowed to utilise all the available resources.
Reference: Hadoop: Fair Scheduler
| 2024-06-13T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5416 |
The application of the polymerase chain reaction to cloning members of the protein tyrosine kinase family.
Degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) primers derived from amino acid (aa) sequence motifs held in common between all members of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family were used to prime the amplification of PTK-related sequences from a variety of murine cDNA sources, including the haemopoietic cell lines, FDC-P1 and WEHI-3B D+, peritoneal macrophages and whole brain. Several parameters, such as the length (short, i.e., less than 20 nucleotides (nt) vs. long, i.e., greater than 30 nt) and degeneracy (i.e., moderately degenerate vs. highly degenerate) of the oligo primers and the temperature of the extension phase of the reaction, were examined. The data from these analyses suggest that the most effective type of primer in this application of the polymerase chain reaction is a short, moderately degenerate oligo such as that which might be derived from the small patches of aa sequence homology that are frequently found to be held in common among members of protein families. In addition to a number of previously described PTK sequences, a novel mammalian PTK-related sequence was uncovered. | 2023-12-23T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6858 |
Great Thinking
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One family in Arlington Texas, had spent a lot of money on creating their perfect outdoorpavilion, turned private oasis.
Unfortunately, they didn't consider all the factors of building the perfect private oasis. They had no privacy from their neighbors which made entertaining
less enjoyable. They would also get a lot of wind and sun from one side that would glare on the tv. Most men would know that this is a big problem during
football season, which is exactly what ended up happening in this home. The men wanted to retreat here once football season started, but the glare made it
to difficult to focus on the game, and so would end up back inside.
Through collaboration with The Window Outfitters, this family have fixed their problem using Weatherwell Elite
aluminum louvers and now use their outdoor pavilion 365 days of the year. They chose to install aluminum shutters with a fixed panel on
one side of the room, so they can only open and close the louvers. While on the other side of the room, they installed multifold shutters so they can enjoy
their view when the winds and sun are down. Aluminum shutters were an easy choice for this family because they can now enjoy years of fun in their own outdoor pavilion.
This situation is more common than it should be, which is why The Window Outfitters has created Weatherwell Elite, to eliminate problems like
those of this family. Weatherwell Elite is a versatile product designed to alleviate many problems, because of its multi installation options and it's ability to withstand the elements.
An outdoor pavilion completed with Weatherwell Elite is both an investment and a solution. If you are looking to transform your outdoor pavilion in to a
private oasis, do it well-before summer is over and take advantage of all the benefits that come with having a private outdoor pavilion.
Click here to discover more ways to complete your home with Weatherwell Elite from The Window Outfitters.
For years, we as homeowners, have struggled with successfully combining security and style. Security screens are often a necessity, yet too often than not
we are limited to bars and grill like screens that never complement our stylish indoor decor. However, times are changing and The Window Outfitter's is
leading the way with Weatherwell Elitealuminum shutters, the attractive alternative to security screens.
Whether it be a private residence or apartment building, when considering your home's security, look no further than Weatherwell Elite. Weatherwell Elite is an aluminum shutter made in the USA. It is built to survive the impact of all natural elements,
provide security and complement the style of your home. Currently, there is nothing else like it available on the market.
Customized to suit your home, Weatherwell Elite security screens are always personal. Color specifications, size and installation method
are all decided by you, to suit your home. We guarantee you will never have to sacrifice style for usability and security.
Installation methods include multi-fold, sliding, hinged or fixed security screens, all of which will provide excellent security. A bolt
at the top and bottom of the louvers are controlled by one key. When turned the bolts shoot-out in to the top and bottom tracks to lock in to place.
However, this does not control the movability of the louvers. A separate lock controls the 'blade stay'. This will ensure the louvers stay in the position
you want, from completely open to closed. Additionally, this is also the perfect solution to child-proofing your room.
Security screens
run hand-in-hand with privacy. The Window Outfitter's have tried to think of all the possible concerns that you as the consumer could have when selecting
the perfect security screen, and Weatherwell Eliteis the answer. For example, in the image below, the family was
renovating their home located on the riverfront and wanted to build an exercise room which would overlook the water, to provide a good point of focus
during tough gym sessions. Nowadays though, living on a riverfront comes with many security issues, and glass windows aren't often enough. They wanted
their state of the art equipment to be protected, some privacy during gym sessions but also wanted to add value to their home. They chose to invest in Weatherwell Elite. Now the family are happy to know that while they aren't using their gym, they can lock the aluminum louvers open or
closed and their equipment is safe.
Security screens
no longer have to detract from the beautiful home you and your family have built. With Weatherwell Elite, combining style and security
never looked so good.
Have you been searching for shutters that are stylish, functional and will give your family all the privacy they need? The Window Outfitter's plantation shuttersare the solution. As the world's leading shutter manufacturer, we pride ourselves on creating shutters you will love. Our plantation shutters will always add value to your home, while also making excellent privacy screens.
We understand how difficult privacy can be in both apartment living and houses, which is why Weatherwell Elitealuminum shutters are tailor made to suit your lifestyle. Our shutters can be fixed in place,
hinged, sliding or multi-fold, making them the perfect, most versatile solution to your privacy concerns. They are also salt and weather resistant so are suitable in any location. An added bonus to you is that the
moveable blades on the exterior plantation shutters can be set in
any position whilst still giving you plenty of airflow. So if it is an outdoor area you need more privacy in, you can decide how private or open your
outdoor area should be. Plantation shutters are an amazing way to improve your privacy on an existing area of your home.
A fast-growing trend is to use our plantation shutters to enclose or add privacy to the perfect, private, outdoor retreat. The numerous
installation options make for a very functional and stylish addition to your outdoor retreat. A family in Canada lives in what some would say is paradise. Their home overlooks a large lake, and they have enough property for their kids or friends to enjoy the outdoors in the comfort of their own home. However, their backyards openly connect with their neighbors, making privacy an issue at times. They found it difficult to enjoy the beautiful weather by their pool with their family without worrying about being seen by their neighbors or people out on the lake. However, they also had a prior agreement with their neighbors not to install a fence between each home so that their outdoor spaces would remain larger and their view more expansive and striking. The solution: Weatherwell Eliteplantation shutters around the edge of their patio.
As mentioned, our shutters are tailor-made to suit you and your home. This family wanted a split rotation, meaning the louvers can move
independently in chosen sections without a mid rail. Depending on the situation, the family could close them for complete privacy, open one section, or
open both sections completely. Weatherwell Elite plantation shutters were the ideal privacy screens.
As well as being an excellent privacy screen, their strength, durability and design make our plantation shutters are an investment that will always add value to your home. They are
recognized as a strong product unlike anything on the market. If you want a stylish way to complete your outdoor area, look no further than Weatherwell Elite aluminum shutters.
If you would like to discover more ways our plantation shutters have been used click here.
Unlike the past, in order to be close to our jobs, family, friends, restaurants and entertainment we are all living very closely together. Fortunately,
many of us are lucky to have some sort of outdoor living area, whether it be big or small. Unfortunately though, most of us have some sort of privacy
issue. Most of us would like to imagine that we live on a secluded lot far from the prying eyes of our neighbors, but the sad truth is that most of us
don't. Exterior shade screens may be the solution you've been looking for.
Weatherwell Elite
combines cutting-edge technology with sophistication and design. There are many options available to you on the market but nothing quite like what The
Window Outfitters has to offer.
At The Window Outfitter's we know that when you are searching for the perfect outdoor porch privacy screen you have specific criteria that
a product must meet.
Outdoor porch privacy screens
are a fast-growing trend to enclose or add privacy to an outdoor area or porch. Weatherwell Elite, depending on your specific situation,
can be fixed in place, hinged, sliding or multi-fold shutters. The numerous installation options make for a very practical way to add privacy to your home.
Summer is around the corner, which means so is outdoor entertaining. Gone are the unbearable winter days and out comes the warm sunshine, bringing with it,
plenty of outdoor entertaining. Outdoor porch privacy screens are often also used to provide some shade and sun protection. Unlike many
products available to you, Weatherwell Elite does not fade or crack due to the sun. Also given the numerous installation options, you can
choose how open or closed you want your outdoor porch privacy screens (including the louvers) to be. This helps with both adequate shade
and air flow.
One of the most important concerns when reinventing a part of your home is how it will look. Weatherwell Elite has an extensive color
range to choose from and again noting the numerous versatility of the louvers, you can choose whether to completely open or close the shutters or somewhere
in between. It is without a doubt aesthetically pleasing.
Weatherwell Elite outdoor porch privacy screens
are designed to satisfy all your foreseeable needs and concerns, to create a high quality product that will help to complete your home. If you are looking
to finish off or revamp your outdoor area or porch, click hereto learn more about Weatherwell Elite.
Outdoor kitchens
are improving outdoor entertaining. It is a well known truth that people love coming together around food, and why not? Get outside, enjoy the company of
family and friends and the perfect summer days. More often than not though, the host gets stuck inside the house cooking while the guests enjoy the
outdoors. Since this is the case, half the guests often join the host inside to keep them company. Very quickly your outdoor party becomes an indoor party.
This is one of the reasons outdoor kitchens are becoming increasingly popular alongside Weatherwell Elite.
Weatherwell Elite is weather resistant and built to last; it is the most up-to-date aluminum technology available. An outdoor kitchen needs shutters that will protect all your outdoor furniture. Custom color, custom size all custom made, Weatherwell Elite is the perfect addition to your outdoor kitchen.
Outdoor living is the hottest trend this summer and now is the time to get your outdoor area ready and protected. Weatherwell Elite can
withstand extreme winds, it does not crack or fade from the sun nor does it erode from salt (a concern for families with homes near the ocean). The high
quality powder coat over the aluminum means your shutters are built to last. We provide 10 years structural warranty, 10 years standard powder coat and 5
years wood grain powder coat warranty. The Weatherwell Elite range carries the longest lasting and most comprehensive warranty on the
market because we are certain you will not be disappointed.
A young couple in Arlington, Texas, used our Weatherwell Elite aluminum shutters in their new home. They beautifully furnished their
outdoor living area including a television, a barbecue and a green egg so they would be able to enjoy Sunday football with their friends. They needed to be
able to block the glare from the television, but also needed to protect their furnishings from the sun and wind. After collaborating with our salesmen,
they installed aluminum shutters with a fixed panel on one side of the room, so they can only open and close the louvers. While on the other side of the
room, they installed multifold shutters so they can enjoy their view when the winds and sun are down. Aluminum shutters were an easy choice for this family
because they can now enjoy years of fun in their own outdoor kitchen.
Not only does your outdoor living area need protection from the elements, but you also need to know that it is secure and safe. Families that do have an outdoor kitchen will most likely have a lot of expensive goods outside as well, such as appliances and utensils. Weatherwell Elite is custom made to fit your home and depending on what you want, can offer absolute peace of mind when it comes to
security concerns.
To discover more ways to secure your home with aluminum shutters by The Window Outfitters, click here.
A porch, whether it be at the front or the back of your home, is a great place to entertain friends or enjoy the afternoon with family. A porch enclosure is the best way to make the most of your home and ensure the longevity of your outdoor furniture in all conditions, at all
times of the day. In many books and movies that we read, so many of the most intimate moments happen on a front porch. It's only natural to fantasize about
all the wonderful memories we could make on a porch of our own. Unfortunately, like all outdoor living areas, there are many areas for concern. The Window
Outfitter's understands your concerns and a porch enclosure using Weatherwell Eliteis the solution.
Weatherwell Elite
is an aluminum shutter made in the USA. It is built to last and designed to improve the appearance of your home. There is nothing else like it on the
market.
Choosing a porch enclosure is often difficult because most people don't want to close themselves off from their surrounding views entirely. A good porch enclosure needs to be versatile, which is why Weatherwell Elite is increasingly popular. The numerous installation
methods make it easy to completely open or close your porch, or somewhere in between, depending on the type of day or specific event you are hosting. Each
order is custom made and fit to your home.
One family purchased this holiday home for their family to enjoy on weekends and during their vacation time. However, this house required some tender, love
and care immediately before they could enjoy all it had to offer. You can imagine how much they would love relaxing on their front porch with a cool
drink in hand, listening to music and watching the sunset. However, they were concerned their furniture on the front porch would never be protected from
damaging weather, as well as having issues with privacy and security. The solution: A Weatherwell Eliteporch enclosure.
BEFORE
AFTER
No changes have been made other than installing Weatherwell Elite, and already the appearance, the security and the privacy of the home
has improved dramatically. The family can completely close or open the louvers to let the sun and air through and ensure their privacy, but they can also fold back their shutters to
completely open their porch up on the days they'd prefer not to have a porch enclosure (not shown in images). The aluminum louvers are
locked in place using a key to ensure security. This was crucial to the family as it is a holiday home and there will be long periods of time where the
family will be away and don't want to worry.
Weatherwell Elite
is a long-term investment that is built to last and designed to attract. To discover more ways to improve your home with Weatherwell Elite click here.
Selecting the perfect patio screen is usually dictated by functionality in an outdoor setting more so than how it looks. For years now,
Australians have been enjoying their patio's fitted with the best aluminum shutters available on the market, Weatherwell Elite, which gives them more functionality than the traditional patio screen. The operable louvers on Weatherwell Elite give you the ability to totally block out the sun and weather, create various levels of privacy, and whats more ensure intruder proof security to protect your patio furniture and decor. Custom color, custom size all custom made to help create your ideal patio. The good news: it's now available in the USA and better yet, it is fully manufacturered right here too! Now, there is no excuse not to complete your outdoor living area with the perfect patio screens.
Weatherwell Elite patio screens
are designs with unprecedented engineering. Architects worldwide are yet to find another product made to such high standards and with such range of functionality. The Window Outfitter's aluminum patio screens are the best on the market. Appealing to the eye, custom-made and functional; we've checked all the boxes. So sure of it's
satisfaction guarantee, it comes with the best warranty on the market.
Like so many Americans, Australians love the outdoors and the fun times that comes with enjoying it. Having friends over for a barbecue or a few drinks is
a weekly activity, and why not when you have a patio like the one featured below?
Although this house is in Australia, there is no reason why such an excellent design could not be replicated in a family's home here in America. This
family had a few concerns before selecting which patio screens they would install. They wanted a patio screen that would also provide
privacy, weather protection and be able to fit their pre-existing patio's dimensions.
Weatherwell Elite patio screens
are constructed from aluminum which is known to withstand the effects of the weather better than any other product available. It does not fade or crack
from the sun and can withstand winds through extreme conditions. They are built to last.
Aluminum patio screens also make privacy in your home easy. With several installation options available, you can install patio screens that are multifold, sliding, fixed or hinged shutters. Furthermore, through a simple lock-of-a-key, you can secure your
shutters in place, as open or closed as you want them to be. For this family, that meant that on days with a cool summer breeze they could open the louvers
to allow that breeze to keep them cool. Finally, all our products are custom made to suit your home, so were easily fitted to this family's patio.
Unlike some companies out there, The Window Outfitter's have carefully considered all the possible concerns you may have to create a versatile and reliable
product. It is trusted in Australia, and we can guarantee the same for America.
In Dallas, despite the 100- summer days, clear blue sky almost always accompanies the heat. Locals love enjoying the outdoors with a cool drink in hand
provided their is somewhere shady to retreat to. Aluminium louvers are the newest accessory and trend to take off in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Weatherwell Elite's aluminum louvers are the most advanced product on the market, because they skilfully combine design with
practicality and usability. While the weather is still too cool for outdoor entertaining, it is the perfect time to apply the finishing touches to your
outdoor areas with The Window Outfitter's.
Unbeknown to most people, aluminum louvers can withstand the affects of the damaging sun. Common issues often found after installing
shutters in outdoor areas include fading and cracking of the materials. Aluminum louvers do not have this problem. Aluminum combines
strength, flexibility, and the inherent ability to weather the impact of the sun. This means they require no maintenance, and explains why they are
increasingly popular both residentially and commercially.
Weatherwell Elite's
cutting edge design is equipped to handle the toughest treatments from the sun. Every aspect of their design has been mastered to create the most efficient aluminum louver. With many installation methods available, it is up to you how open or closed you want the louvers to be. Control the
entry of natural light, heat and sun from the outside to protect your outdoor living area.
Perhaps you have a large balcony area that you are considering enclosing for sun protection and privacy.Laze around on your balcony with a
book or relax with your loved one, all while enjoying the privacy of your own home. An additional feature of our shutters is that they can be installed so
they can retract to completely open your balcony up to enjoy the views, leave them closed to stay cool, or play with the light and create the perfect modern exterior. You never
have to compromise safety and security for beauty with Weatherwell Elitealuminum louvers.
The Weatherwell Elite range carries the longest lasting and most comprehensive warranty on the market because we are certain you will not
be disappointed.
Don't wait till Summer is already here, now is the perfect time to apply the finishing touches to your outdoor area with aluminum louvers.
Click here
to discover more about improving your home with aluminum louvers that you will love and trust. | 2024-06-26T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8059 |
Eleven Countries with Soaring Inflation
11. Brazil
> Inflation rate: 6.3%
> GDP growth rate: 1.9%
> Unemployment rate: 5.6%
> Population: 201 million
Brazil is a BRIC nation and the largest economy in South America. Unfortunately, its economy has not grown as fast as the international investment community and its local population may have hoped. Residents have become more vocal about the low quality of public services and corruption, even as the standard of living has improved. Inflation rose from 5.2% a year before to 6.3% in July, and gross domestic product grew less than 2% in the first quarter — much less than the nation’s growth potential. Brazil is hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics, but by the time the games kick off, the international investment community may pay little attention. Brazil’s central bank is now intervening to ease its currency volatility, the Brazilian real, with the promise of buying dollars at a future date. International investment inflows are continuously slowing after the real’s previous appreciation made the nation uncompetitive in global exports. Brazil’s real GDP growth rate of 7.5% in 2010 was among the world’s best, but since then the country’s average growth rate has been closer to 2%.
10. South Africa
> Inflation rate: 6.3%
> GDP growth rate: 2.0%
> Unemployment rate: 25.6%
> Population: 49 million
South Africa is a resource-rich nation that has suffered from continued inflation and labor problems. The country has one of the worst unemployment rates of any major economy in the world, at 25.6%. Gold miners and other workers have been striking for higher pay. Last year, a mining strike resulted in the deaths of dozens of workers at the hands of police. The reality is that as long as there is demand for gold, the nation will have great opportunities ahead. As an example, South Africa’s stock exchange is the 15th largest in the world, according to the CIA World Factbook. The nation’s budget deficit may hamper the central bank’s ability to fight inflation and unemployment while maintaining its growth ambitions.
9. Russia
> Inflation rate: 6.5%
> GDP growth rate: 1.2%
> Unemployment rate: 5.3%
> Population: 143 million
President Vladimir Putin is back in charge of Russia, and the nation is hoping to keep building on its image as an up and coming global economic power player. Russia, one of the BRIC nations, is hosting the upcoming Winter Olympics and owns vast natural resources. However, both foreign investors and Russians have had to deal with a difficult business climate, which is the result of overregulation, corruption, rampant organized crime and competition within oligarch-dominated sectors. Russia’s inflation rate is up from 5.6% a year ago to 6.5% as of June. While the official unemployment rate is low at 5.3%, the latest GDP growth rate of a mere 1.2% mixed with higher prices could mean Russia is at risk of stagflation.
8. Vietnam
> Inflation rate: 7.5%%
> GDP growth rate: 5.0%
> Unemployment rate: 3.6%
> Population: 92 million
Vietnam has been in transformation for more than 25 years now, moving from a nation of central planning to finally joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. It has great opportunities ahead and a very young population. Production of exports has become such a strength for the Vietnamese economy that even Chinese firms are beginning to outsource work there. Exporting goods is the driving force in the nation’s economy — Vietnam has a current account surplus equal to 5% of its GDP — and industrial output is growing while exporting food is on the decline. The CIA World Factbook points out that some 40% of Vietnam’s GDP comes from state-owned enterprises. Loosening government control may bring about foreign investment opportunities. Central bank policies in Vietnam have focused largely on economic stabilization, rather than on growth targets. This brings up the question of how an inflation rate of 5% a year ago is now running at 7.5%, especially when economic growth of 5% as of 2012 is the slowest growth in more than a decade.
7. Pakistan
> Inflation rate: 8.3%
> GDP growth rate: 6.1%
> Unemployment rate: 6.0%
> Population: 193 million
Pakistan’s greatest fiscal problem may simply be that it is still so closely tied to India, a nation with which it has a strained relationship. The nation’s weak government and the fact that so much of the nation effectively lives outside of that government’s control only complicates matters. Pakistan’s reputation and status as a business destination have been damaged by concerns about terrorism and political instability, internally and externally, and its porous borders likely have contributed to its problems. Food prices have been the major source of inflation in the country, yet textiles are the key export opportunity. The inflation rate is high at 8.3%, but down more than a percentage point from a year ago. In roughly the same time, the GDP growth rate has been just over 6%. | 2024-01-18T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5124 |
246 F.2d 823
UNITED STATES of Americav.CERTAIN LANDS LOCATED IN THE TOWNSHIPS OF RARITAN ANDWOODBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, RaritanArsenal, Township of Raritan, et al.County of Middlesex, a Municipal Corporation of the State ofNew Jersey, Appellant.
No. 12143.
United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.
Argued April 18, 1957.Decided July 18, 1957.
John T. Keefe, New Brunswick, N.J. (Samuel V. Convery, Perth Amboy, N.J., on the brief), for appellant, Middlesex County.
S. Billingsley Hill, Washington, D.C., (Perry W. Morton, Asst. Atty. Gen., Chester A. Weidenburner, U.S. Atty., Newark, N.J., on the brief), for appellee.
Before BIGGS, Chief Judge, and GOODRICH and HASTIE, Circuit Judges.
1
BIGGS Chief Judge.
2
In 1941 the defendant-appellant, the County of Middlesex, New Jersey, owned a road, known as the Industrial Highway. Because of World War II the United States expanded the Raritan Arsenal. A section of the Industrial Highway was appropriated by the United States in April 1942 to permit the expansion.1 The petition in condemnation was not filed until August 1946 and the case did not come to trial and judgment until 1956. The jury awarded the County of Middlesex $172,000 which represented the estimated cost of providing substitute highway facilities as of the date of taking, April 1942.2 The verdict recognized the necessity for the construction of a substitute road. The County had not constructed a substitute highway up until the time of the trial. The County sought to amend the judgment to include interest on the verdict at 6% from April 1942 to the date of the judgment. If allowed the interest would total about $150,000 but the court refused to amend the judgment to include it. See 1956, 144 F.Supp. 206. The appeal followed.
3
The County of Middlesex contends that interest on the sum awarded is required by the Fifth Amendment and by Section 258a, Title 40 U.S.C.A. The United States asserts that the standard for measuring compensation for the taking of a highway, as distinguished from the measure of compensation applied in the taking of other property as well as the meaning of the term 'interest' in the context of the Fifth Amendment require us to affirm the adjudication of the court below. We cannot agree with the government's position.
4
The right to just compensation for the taking of a county-owned highway by the United States is within the protection of the Fifth Amendment. Jefferson County, Tenn. v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 6 Cir., 146 F.2d 564, 565, certiorari denied, 1945, 324 U.S. 871, 65 S.Ct. 1016, 89 L.Ed. 1425; United States v. Wheeler Township, 8 Cir., 1933, 66 F.2d 977, 982. It is also clear that the measure of 'just compensation' for the taking is the cost of constructing a necessary substitute-highway. State of Washington v. United States, 9 Cir., 1954, 214 F.2d 33, 39; State of California v. United States, 9 Cir., 1948, 169 F.2d 914, 924; United States v. City of New York 2 Cir., 1948, 168 F.2d 387, 389-390. If substitute highway facilities are not necessary, or if the United States has built substitute facilities for the condemnee, no compensation is due since no money loss has been suffered. State of California v. United States, supra; United States v. City of New York, supra; Jefferson County, Tenn. v. Tennessee Valley Authority, supra. This is because the basis for the determining of just compensation for the appropriation of a county-owned highway is that the county as a political subdivision of the state does not hold the property for its own benefit or private gain but for the public need. United States v. City of New York, supra, 168 F.2d at page 390; Jefferson County, Tenn. v. Tennessee Valley Authority, supra, 146 F.2d at page 565.
5
While the general law expressed above is universally accepted there is a paucity of authority on the issue as to whether interest is payable on a sum awarded as compensation to cover the cost of providing substitute highway facilities. Perhaps one reason for the lack of authority on the issue is that where substitute roads are necessary they frequently have been furnished in kind by the United States. See Jefferson County, Tenn. v. Tennessee Valley Authority, supra, 146 F.2d at page 566; United States v. City of New York, supra, 168 F.2d at pages 390-391; United States v. State of Arkansas, 8 Cir., 1947, 164 F.2d 943, 944. The cases on which the United States principally relies in support of its position in the instant case have factual situations materially different from those at bar. In United States v. Town of Nahant, 1 Cir., 1907, 153 F. 520, interest was not allowed on an award of compensation, the court pointing out that until the time of trial there was no actual taking. The court went on to state: 'As the rule of evidence adopted for ascertaining just compensation permitted the town to show the estimated cost of necessary future expenditures, it would be giving the town more than just compensation to add interest to the estimated future expenditures.' Id., 153 F. at page 525. In United States v. 1,433 Acres of Land, etc., D.C.D.Kan.1947, 71 F.Supp. 854, the facts involved a taking of a section of highway by the United States on June 3, 1942. The State Highway Commission of Kansas had constructed a temporary detour at a cost of $10,434 on July 1, 1942. On September 3, 1946 appraisers estimated it would cost $110,001 to repair old roads and to build necessary new ones to care for the public need. It should be noted that the $110,001 estimate went to the cost of providing substitute facilities as of 1946. The district court of Kansas in 1947 allowed interest on the amount of $10,434 expended by the Commission as of July 1, 1942, but failed to allow it on the remainder of the sum of $110,001 apparently on the theory that the balance of the amount represented a future expenditure and the payment of interest on it would result in more than just compensation. Id., 71 F.Supp. at page 856. The fact that distinguishes the case at bar from the two cases last cited is that the $172,000 verdict in this case represents the cost of providing substitute highway facilities only as of April 1942, the date of the taking.
6
The cases that the County of Middlesex cites as allowing interest shed some light on the troublesome issue which confronts us. In Town of Bedford v. United States, 1 Cir., 1927, 23 F.2d 453, 56 A.L.R. 360, the United States took by eminent domain a tract of land which included a section of a road maintained by the Town of Bedford. The court pointed out that the only question presented for its determination was whether the town of Bedford was entitled to compensation in the light of a Massachusetts rule that the Commonwealth itself need not pay compensation for taking land for a public use to a town which previously had devoted the very land taken to another public use. It was stipulated that if Bedford was entitled to recover, the just amount of the payment would be $10,000. The court found the Massachusetts rule inapplicable when the United States is the condemner and awarded $10,000 to Bedford with interest from November 10, 1926, the date of the taking.3 Id., 23 F.2d at page 457. In United States v. Des Moines County, 8 Cir., 1945, 148 F.2d 448, 160 A.L.R. 953, the trial court had made an award with interest from the date of taking but the Court of Appeals reversed and remanded deciding that the trial court erred in basing the award on the value of the roads taken instead of on the cost of substitute roads, if in fact such roads were necessary. The Court of Appeals said nothing as to the correctness of allowing interest.4
7
United States v. City of New York, 2 Cir., 1951, 186 F.2d 418, was one of a series of cases involving land taken for the expansion of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. It does not appear from the opinion whether the interest which was allowed on an award to the City of New York was for land taken which included streets or highways. Id., 186 F.2d at page 424. Considering the nature and extent of the land taken,5 it is not unreasonable to assume that streets were included in the area.
8
In a recent decision by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina, United States v. 147.7646 Miles of Roads in Aiken, Allendale and Barnwell Counties, South Carolina, etc., 1956, 154 F.Supp. 383, interest was allowed on an award of compensation for the taking of a highway. The court concluded that the decision in United States v. 1,433 Acres of Land, etc., D.C.D.Kan.1947, 71 F.Supp. 854, was 'unsound,' and went on to state: 'The obligation of plaintiff to pay compensation to defendant arose as of the time of taking. For the withholding of money rightfully due defendant, plaintiff is liable to pay damages in the form of interest.' The United States has appealed the decision.6
9
We are persuaded that in the case at bar the Fifth Amendment and the equities require us to allow interest on the compensation awarded the County of Middlesex from the time of taking to the date of the payment. We are convinced that if we do not do so the County of Middlesex would be deprived of just compensation, which, as stated in United States v. Des Moines County, Iowa, 8 Cir., 1945, 148 F.2d 448, 449, 160 A.L.R. 953, should be related to 'financial loss or out-of-pocket expense caused or which will be caused, by the taking.' If the amount of the award had been paid to the County at the time of the taking there would of course be no problem. But the United States, while acting within its rights, elected to dispute the issue of whether substitute highway facilities were necessary. The jury found such facilities were necessary as of April 1942. We take judicial notice of the fact that the costs of building highways have greatly increased over what they were fifteen years ago, and we think it is equitable to take this factor into account. It is true that the County has been relieved of the burden of maintaining the road since April 1942 but it is also the fact that the County has been without a necessary substitute road for about fifteen years. In addition, an increased burden has been placed on the County's alternate highway facilities since April 1942.
10
The order denying appellant's motion to amend the judgment to include interest will be vacated and the cause will be remanded for amendment of the judgment and allowance of interest consistent with this opinion.
11
HASTIE, Circuit Judge, concurs in the result.
1
The exact date of the taking is not clear from the record, although it does appear that it was during the first week of April 1942
2
Mr. Fleming, an engineer for Middlesex County, estimated the construction costs of a substitute highway based on 1946 figures. He testified that 1942 prices did not vary much from the 1946 figures. Counsel for the government stipulated that a witness he did not intent to call would have testified that the figures given by Mr. Fleming on construction costs were reasonable. The amount the jury awarded was substantially less than the 1946 figures
3
In United States v. 1,433 Acres of Land, etc., D.C.D.Kan.1947, 71 F.Supp. 854, 856, the court stated, 'In some of the cited cases, interest on the judgments-- apparently pro forma, or in any event without discussion-- has also been awarded * * *', citing the opinion in the Town of Bedford in its note 5
4
The court below, 144 F.Supp. at page 215, distinguished the Town of Bedford case and the Des Moines County case by stating, 'But it does not appear that the question of whether interest was proper was raised in * * * these cases.'
5
The City of New York was the fee owner of the 53 1/4 acres involved in the taking, 186 F.2d at page 420, and in an earlier proceedings the district court pointed out that the area contained 'streets and market ways.' United States v. 53 1/4 Acres of Land, etc., D.C.E.D.N.Y.1948, 82 F.Supp. 538, 540. Where the United States had provided substitute facilities for some roads taken, and there was no necessity to provide substitute facilities for other roads taken, the United States was not required to pay compensation or interest. United States v. City of New York, 2 Cir., 1948, 168 F.2d 387
6
The only other case which allows interest on an award for the taking of streets is United States v. Benedict, 1923, 261 U.S. 294, 43 S.Ct. 357, 67 L.Ed. 662. A clear understanding of the Benedict case requires an examination of the opinion of the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 1922, 280 F. 76, 78, which indicates that the streets in question were unopened at the time of the taking
| 2023-11-23T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5924 |
Q:
Does javascript Garbage Collector dispose global variables?
I'm confused about this since I've seen several different comments. I'm reading a javascript book where it mentions that setting global variables to null is good practice (assuming there are no other references) and the GC reclaims memory for this variable on it's next sweep. I've seen other comments that say global variables are never disposed by the GC.
Also when programming javascript in a OOP structure, what happens if I have something like this (where game is in the global context):
var game = {};
game.level = 0;
game.hero = new hero();
//do stuff
game.hero = null;
Since hero lives inside an object which is stored in game, which is in a global context, If I set for instance hero to null, would this be disposed by the GC?
A:
Global variables are never disposed of by the GC in the sense that a global variable will still exist. Setting it to null will allow the memory that it references to be collected, however.
E.g.
Before:
global -> {nothingness}
After:
global -> var a -> object { foo: "bar" }
Set a to null:
global -> var a -> null
Here, the memory used by the object will be eligible for collection. The variable a still exists though, and it simply references null.
The statement that global variables are never collected is slightly misleading. It might be more accurate to say that any memory that is traceable back to the global context is not currently eligible for collection.
In answer to your question, yes - the hero object will be eligible for collection, because its indirect connection to the global context has been severed.
| 2024-04-08T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2795 |
The Wisconsin mens soccer heads to Dekalb, Ill., on Sunday (Oct. 22) for an important game against No. 19 Northern Illinois, with kickoff set for 2:15 p.m. at Huskie Soccer Complex.
UW (9-4-2, 3-1-1), which currently finds itself at second place in the Big Ten standings with just one game remaining, will get a break from the pressures of conference play.
This, however, does not take away from the importance of Sundays match up. With the Nov. 6 selection date for the NCAA championships looming, the Badgers can significantly strengthen their resume with a win over the nationally-ranked Huskies (11-3-1).
Wisconsin will come into the game hot, having won five of its last six games. UW also has lost just one of its last nine games.
The Badgers, who swept last weeks Big Ten awards, will look to justify the recognition they have been receiving.
Redshirt freshman Scott Lorenz (Barrington, Ill.) was named Offensive Player of the Week. Lorenz started for the first time of his career against Penn State on Oct. 15, and he made it count by putting in his first ever goal.
Goalkeeper Jake Settle (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) earned the honor of Defensive Player of the Week. This marks the third time of the 2006 season that Settle has been credited with the award. Settle recorded shutouts of Marquette and Penn State on the week, giving him a conference-leading total of eight for the season. He has also moved up to fifth place in shutouts in a single season in UW history.
While coming up with a win in Sundays contest will certainly be no easy task for the Badgers, Wisconsin does have experience this season defeating a highly ranked opponent from its neighbor to the south. UW defeated Illinois-Chicago on Sept. 28 by a score of 1-0. The Flames were ranked No. 7 at the time.
The Badgers will look to leapfrog Northern Illinois in the NCSAA Great Lakes regional rankings. Currently at No. 4, Wisconsin is just one spot behind the Huskies.
UW owns a 14-9-0 advantage in the all-time series against Northern Illinois. The Badgers will, however, look to regain the series momentum, as the Huskies have won the last two match-ups, including last years 1-0 win in Madison.
Wisconsin and Northern Illinois will vie off on Sunday, Oct. 22, at 2:15 p.m. The game will take place in Dekalb, Ill., at Huskie Soccer Complex. | 2023-08-02T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4961 |
Q:
Catching/Overriding a Javascript redirect
How would I go about overriding/catching a javascript redirect?
For example:
window.location.href="http://example.com";
The value "http://example.com" would be caught and maybe altered.
A:
AFAIK you can catch this event but you cannot alter the target url. You could only prompt the user if he wants to cancel the redirect. For this you could subscribe to the before unload event:
window.onbeforeunload = function (e) {
var e = e || window.event;
// For IE and Firefox prior to version 4
if (e) {
e.returnValue = 'Are you sure you want to leave the site?';
}
// For Safari
return 'Are you sure you want to leave the site?';
};
| 2024-07-18T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7354 |
)/(3/2). Suppose -3*s = -12, 0 = 2*b - r*s + s - 38. Suppose -2*i + 5*i = b. List the prime factors of i.
7
Suppose 0 = -r + 3*r - 2. Suppose -5*x = 2*q, -x = -q + 6 + r. Let o(k) = -k + 10. List the prime factors of o(q).
5
Let i be (-11)/(-3) + (-2)/(-6). Suppose -v = 0, 0*v + 3*v + 520 = -i*g. List the prime factors of 8/(-28) + g/(-14).
3
List the prime factors of -2 - 72/(-39) - 4788/(-26).
2, 23
Let i = -20 + 183. What are the prime factors of i?
163
Let w(n) = -n + 2. Let o be w(3). Let r be -43*(o/(-1) + 0). Let l = -31 - r. What are the prime factors of l?
2, 3
Let m = 70 - 7. What are the prime factors of m?
3, 7
List the prime factors of (-1716)/(-8) + 4 + 3/(-2).
7, 31
List the prime factors of 18 + 92 + (-4)/(-1*2).
2, 7
Let w = 8 + -12. List the prime factors of ((-63)/12)/(1/w).
3, 7
Let h(c) = -2*c**2 + 10*c - 3. What are the prime factors of h(4)?
5
Let k(v) = -v**2 - 4*v - 1. Let r be k(-3). Suppose -x + 29 = r*n - 13, -4*n - 228 = -4*x. What are the prime factors of x?
2, 13
Let q = -473 - -784. What are the prime factors of q?
311
Let s = -4 - -7. Suppose 0 = -s*o - 4*m - 16 + 42, -1 = m. List the prime factors of o.
2, 5
Let t = -34 - -109. What are the prime factors of t?
3, 5
Suppose 4*l = -2*b + 668, -4*b + 1414 = -l + 123. What are the prime factors of b?
2, 3
Let b be -3*(-78)/9*1. Let k be b/5 - 3/15. Suppose -4*i + 71 = k*d, -2*d = 2*d - i - 40. List the prime factors of d.
11
Suppose 0 = 4*v - 2*q - 186, 0 = -0*v + v + 5*q - 19. What are the prime factors of v?
2, 11
Let l = 95 + -8. Let z = l - 60. List the prime factors of z.
3
Let h(w) = 32*w**2 - 3*w - 2. Let g be -1 + 0/(3 - 7). What are the prime factors of h(g)?
3, 11
Let y(l) = l**2 + 4*l + 5. What are the prime factors of y(-4)?
5
Let j be 1 + -1 + 3 + -3. Suppose 5*w - 55 = -j*w. List the prime factors of w.
11
Suppose 0 = n + 2*n - 12. Suppose -3*l + 6*l = 18. Suppose -v - l = -n*v. What are the prime factors of v?
2
Let p(i) = -i**3 + 10*i**2 + 3*i - 14. Let o(b) = b**3 - 9*b**2 - 4*b + 13. Let y(k) = -5*o(k) - 4*p(k). List the prime factors of y(6).
3
Let z be 27/(-6)*4/(-6). Suppose 2 - 5 = -z*y. Suppose c = -y + 5. List the prime factors of c.
2
Let z(q) = q**2 + 3*q - 8. List the prime factors of z(-8).
2
Let s(w) = -w**3 + 7*w**2 - 5*w - 4. Let b be s(6). Suppose n + 0*o = 2*o + 2, -b*n + 7 = -o. Suppose -q - n*q + 75 = 0. List the prime factors of q.
3, 5
Let t = 341 + -119. List the prime factors of t.
2, 3, 37
Let t(x) = -13*x + 1. What are the prime factors of t(-1)?
2, 7
Let q = -9 + 29. Let n = 3 + -2. What are the prime factors of n/(2 - 38/q)?
2, 5
Let s(i) = -i**2 - 22*i + 31. List the prime factors of s(-21).
2, 13
Suppose 1 - 13 = -4*i - 2*c, -4*i + 3*c + 2 = 0. Let a = i - -13. Suppose a = -2*h + 39. What are the prime factors of h?
2, 3
Let g be 6/18 + 16/(-3). Let t = g - -12. What are the prime factors of t?
7
Let o be (-440)/(-33) - 2/6. What are the prime factors of o/1 + 2/1?
3, 5
Suppose 0 = 4*s + 6 + 10. Let p be (-56)/(-3) - s/(-6). List the prime factors of 1233/81 + (-4)/p.
3, 5
Let s(v) = 14*v + 69. What are the prime factors of s(6)?
3, 17
Let i(n) be the third derivative of n**6/120 - n**5/15 - n**4/4 + 7*n**3/6 - n**2. Suppose -4 = -3*x - 1, 0 = 4*y + x - 21. List the prime factors of i(y).
2
Let c = 37 + -72. List the prime factors of (-10)/c - (-136)/14.
2, 5
Let v(a) = a**2 - 8*a + 4. Let f be v(7). What are the prime factors of 1*(1 + f)*-7?
2, 7
Let g(c) = 187*c - 37. What are the prime factors of g(2)?
337
Suppose -4*o = n + 52 + 27, 85 = -4*o - 3*n. Let g be ((-294)/(-35))/((-1)/(-5)). Let a = g + o. What are the prime factors of a?
23
Suppose 0 = -i - 5 - 4. Let n = 19 + i. What are the prime factors of n?
2, 5
Suppose -3*k + 2*d = 19, 0 = -2*k - 0*d + 3*d - 16. Suppose 45 = -6*y + y. Let t = k - y. What are the prime factors of t?
2
Suppose -5*z = -18 - 12. List the prime factors of z.
2, 3
Let m be (-20)/(-8)*16/10. Let t = 2 - m. Let d = t + 11. What are the prime factors of d?
3
Let s(p) = 3*p + 1. Let l(h) = h. Let o(d) = 7*l(d) - 3*s(d). List the prime factors of o(-7).
11
Let i = -80 + 127. What are the prime factors of i?
47
Suppose -297 = -4*d - o + 6*o, 3*d - 249 = -5*o. Suppose -4*b - 14 = -d. What are the prime factors of b?
2
Let f be 16/2*(-1 - -3). Let j = f + -10. List the prime factors of j.
2, 3
Let x = 26 + -16. List the prime factors of x.
2, 5
Suppose 8*h = 3*h. Suppose -5*i + 7 = -2*f, -5 = 4*f - 1. What are the prime factors of h + i + -3 - -9?
7
Suppose 2*x - d = -5, 4*x - 3*x - d = -5. Suppose -4*c + x*c = -60. List the prime factors of c.
3, 5
Let s be (-3 - -5)/((-2)/(-2)). Suppose s*w - 4*w = -4*u - 48, 5*u = -4*w + 31. List the prime factors of w.
2, 7
Let k = 188 + -118. What are the prime factors of k?
2, 5, 7
Suppose -5*u = -0*u + 50. Let x = 15 + u. What are the prime factors of x?
5
Let n be 17/68*(-1 - -9). Suppose -9 - 73 = -n*y. List the prime factors of y.
41
Let i(a) be the first derivative of 11*a**2 + 2*a + 2. Let w be i(2). What are the prime factors of w/10 - (-2)/5?
5
Let b = 7 - 16. Let g = b + 57. List the prime factors of g.
2, 3
Let u(y) be the third derivative of y**5/60 + 5*y**4/12 + y**2. Let x be u(-10). Let r = 7 - x. What are the prime factors of r?
7
Suppose 0 = 3*n + 10 - 4, 5*n + 9 = u. What are the prime factors of 1*(2 + u + 2)?
3
What are the prime factors of ((-945)/(-14))/((-3)/(-6))?
3, 5
Suppose 0 = 2*u - 3*u. Let n be -2 + (-2 - -3) + u. Let v(c) = 9*c**2 + c. What are the prime factors of v(n)?
2
Suppose 0 = 7*c - 190 - 447. What are the prime factors of c?
7, 13
Let i(r) = r**2 + 0*r + 0*r**2 + r - 3. Suppose 2*a = a + 3. List the prime factors of i(a).
3
Let k be 103/(2 + -5 + 2). Let z = -55 - k. Suppose -5*w - z = -8*w + 3*t, -4*t - 50 = -3*w. List the prime factors of w.
2, 7
Let h = 20 + -9. Let k(w) = 4*w - 1. List the prime factors of k(h).
43
Suppose -6*g = -364 - 32. List the prime factors of g.
2, 3, 11
What are the prime factors of 4 - (-66 - (-1 + 0))?
3, 23
Let n(p) = p**2 + 6*p - 4. Let t be n(-6). Let m(c) = -4*c - 3. What are the prime factors of m(t)?
13
Let a(d) = 8*d + 12. Let i(n) = 4*n + 6. Suppose -3*w - 12 = 0, -o = o + 4*w + 12. Let v(z) = o*a(z) - 5*i(z). What are the prime factors of v(-5)?
2, 7
Let a be (-2)/(-2 + 0) + -7. Let s = a - -8. Suppose 5*h - 45 = s*i - i, 33 = h - 5*i. What are the prime factors of h?
2
Suppose 5*h - 19*h = -3304. What are the prime factors of h?
2, 59
Let b = -520 - -798. List the prime factors of b.
2, 139
Let l(a) = a**3 - 8*a**2 + 9*a - 10. Let p be l(7). List the prime factors of (-3)/(-12) + 107/p.
3
Let n(w) be the second derivative of w**5/20 - 5*w**4/12 - w**3 - 4*w**2 - 2*w. Let j be n(6). Let o = j - -11. What are the prime factors of o?
3
Let b(r) = -r**3 + 7*r**2 + 8*r - 8. Suppose 4*m - 5*v = 48, -1 = 4*m + 5*v - 9. Let l be b(m). Suppose -2*g = 2*g - l. List the prime factors of g.
2, 3
Suppose -4*b + 2*b = 4*w - 466, -w = -4*b + 950. What are the prime factors of b?
3, 79
Suppose 3 - 2 = 3*q - 4*m, -2*m = -3*q + 5. Suppose 0 = -q*l + l - 4*z + 32, 39 = 3*l + 3*z. What are the prime factors of l?
2, 5
Suppose 5*z + 18 = 2*z. Let f = 3 + z. What are the prime factors of (-3 + -1)/(f/3)?
2
Let i(y) = -y**3 - 6*y**2 - y + 7. Let n be i(-6). Let u be (-10)/(-6)*(-3 + 0). Let j = u + n. List the prime factors of j.
2
Let d = 29 + -51. Suppose 4 = 2*o + 2*r - 62, -3*r = 3. Let x = d + o. What are the prime factors of x?
2, 3
Let w = 23 + -9. Let d = -4 + w. List the prime factors of d.
2, 5
Let a = -146 - -301. What are the prime factors of a?
5, 31
Let m(w) = w**3 + 6*w**2 + 4*w + 6. Let i be m(-5). Let p = 64 + i. Suppose -p = -3*n - 3. List the prime factors of n.
2, 3
Let m = -5 + -5. Let n = 2 - m. What are the prime factors of n?
2, 3
Let s = 24 - -24. Let f = s - 20. List the prime factors of f.
2, 7
Suppose -3*h = 2*h + 2*u - 62, 0 = -h + u + 11. What are the prime factors of h?
2, 3
Let n be (-4)/(-1) + 0/1. Suppose n*a + w + 2*w = 6, -a + w - 2 = 0. Let y(k) = -k**2 - k + 7. List the prime factors of y(a).
7
Suppose 0 = -5*k + 6*k + 4. What are the prime factors of (-66)/k*6/9?
11
Suppose -4*g + 33 = 4*k + 1, 2*g = -3*k + 20. Let u(m) = 2*m**2 - 2*m**2 + m**3 + 3 - k*m** | 2024-03-04T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4335 |
The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a three-dimensional semiconductor device including a power capacitor structure.
Semiconductor devices are considered to be an important factor in electronic industry because of their small size, multi-function, and/or low fabrication cost. The semiconductor devices may include a memory device storing logic data, a logic device processing operations of logic data, and a hybrid device having both memory and logic elements.
The semiconductor devices with high integration are often used in the electronic industry. There has been increasingly demanded for semiconductor devices having high operating speeds and/or excellent reliability. However, patterns of the semiconductor devices are becoming finer due to the tendency of high integration of the semiconductor devices. Decreasing the line width has made it more challenging to achieve semiconductor devices having high operating speeds and/or excellent reliability. | 2024-03-03T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4552 |
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This has currently been the summer of the foodie and I am totally NOT complaining. A few weeks ago, I made the trek to Austin, Texas to partake in the Austin Food & Wine Festival.
During the Houston layover, I got to have my favorite beer.
One bonus about traveling on this trip is that I had a layover in my second city of Houston. I got to go back to Pappadaeux for some gumbo and oysters. Amazing!!
This is a new festival, only on it’s second year. I was excited to try it out, but also kinda wary due to the not-so-nice reviews I read about the first year mishaps. I applied for a media pass but was denied :(. Even this that… I still attended the festival on my own dime and enjoyed myself. | 2024-01-21T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5053 |
448 Pa. 382 (1972)
Commonwealth
v.
McCusker, Appellant.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Argued October 8, 1970.
Reargued April 27, 1972.
June 28, 1972.
*383 Before JONES, C.J., EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS, POMEROY, NIX and MANDERINO, JJ.
John J. Hickton and John M. Tighe, with them Dougherty, Larrimer, Lee & Hickton, for appellant.
Robert L. Eberhardt, Assistant District Attorney, with him Carol Mary Los, Assistant District Attorney, and Robert W. Duggan, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
*384 OPINION BY MR. JUSTICE ROBERTS, June 28, 1972:
We must decide today whether psychiatric evidence is admissible in a murder prosecution for the limited purpose of determining whether a defendant acted in the heat of passion. We are persuaded by the almost unanimous voice of professionally recognized authorities[1] that such evidence is competent and in certain circumstances admissible. Appellant did not raise the defense of complete insanity. Our decision today does not in any manner affect the M'Naghten test presently employed *385 in this Commonwealth to determine a defendant's sanity. Commonwealth v. Melton, 406 Pa. 343, 178 A. 2d 728 (1962), cert. denied, 371 U.S. 851, 83 S. Ct. 93 (1962).
Our holding is but a belated recognition of the tremendous advancements made in the field of psychiatry during the last several decades: "The genius of the common law has been its responsiveness to changing times. . . . Drawing upon the past, the law must serve and traditionally has served the needs of the present. In the past century, psychiatry has evolved from tentative, hesitant gropings in the dark of human ignorance to a recognized and important branch of modern medicine. The outrage of a frightened Queen has for too long caused us to forego the expert guidance that modern psychiatry is able to provide." United States v. Freeman, 357 F. 2d 606, 624-25 (2d Cir. 1966).
Appellant James McCusker was charged with the murder of his wife and brought to trial before a jury on June 17, 1968. The jury returned a verdict of second degree murder. Appellant filed post-trial motions which were denied. A judgment of sentence of not less than ten nor more than twenty years imprisonment was imposed and appellant instituted this appeal.[2] Because the trial court refused to admit psychiatric evidence relevant to whether appellant acted in the heat of passion when he committed the act, we reverse the judgment of sentence and grant a new trial.[3]
*386 The actual commission of the slaying was not contested by appellant, but instead he sought to prove that he acted in the heat of passion.[4] To advance this partial defense to murder appellant offered psychiatric evidence. In rejecting that proferred evidence the trial court relied on this Court's earlier closely divided cases which precluded the admission of such evidence.[5]Commonwealth *387 v. Tomlinson, 446 Pa. 241, 284 A. 2d 687 (1971); Commonwealth v. Weinstein, 442 Pa. 70, 274 A. 2d 182 (1971); Commonwealth v. Rightnour, 435 Pa. 104, 253 A. 2d 644 (1969); Commonwealth v. Phelan, 427 Pa. 265, 234 A. 2d 540 (1967) and Commonwealth v. Ahearn, 421 Pa. 311, 218 A. 2d 561 (1966), however, dealt with the issue of whether a defendant could introduce psychiatric evidence to show he lacked the capacity to deliberate and premeditate. Moreover, those cases regarded the competency of psychiatric testimony with a rigidity which has been constructively criticized: "`If a doctor were to bleed his patients with leeches today, or if a psychiatrist were to attribute insanity to the moon, the hue and cry would be tremendous. And yet instance after instance may be pointed out wherein the law has remained, sometimes for hundreds of years, curiously rigid, despite the changes in scientific opinion upon which the law was based. Many rules in the criminal law are still affected by early views concerning psychology which views are now outmoded or repudiated by newer discoveries through experimentation. A large number fail utterly to take cognizance of advances in education and educational methods.'"[6] Upon reflection and further consideration we now conclude that psychiatric evidence, coming as it does from a "recognized and important branch of modern medicine," *388 should be admissible at trial for the purpose of determining whether a defendant acted in the heat of passion.
The Commonwealth does not dispute the excellent quality of the evidence that appellant sought to introduce through the testimony of highly qualified professionals in the disciplines of psychology and psychiatry. Among the two psychologists and two psychiatrists were two experts who examined appellant not at his behest but rather during the performance of their normal governmental duties at the Allegheny County Behavior Clinic. That Clinic routinely examines certain categories of offenders shortly following arrest. These four potential witnesses, including the clinic professional personnel and appellant's retained physicians, would have based their testimony on an exhaustive review of appellant's medical records, as well as their personal examinations and observations of appellant. Their testimony would have tended to establish that appellant was impassioned at the time of the offense. This passion, they were prepared to testify, had as its origins appellant's mental disorders as well as his recent awareness that his wife had entered into a meretricious relationship with his stepbrother and her threat to retain custody of his only child.
Any analysis of the admissibility of a particular type of evidence must start with a threshold inquiry as to its relevance and probative value. A leading commentator has suggested the following desideratum for relevancy: "[D]oes the evidence offered rendered the desired inference more probable than it would be without the evidence? . . . Relevant evidence, then, is evidence that in some degree advances the inquiry, and thus has probative value, and is prima facie admissible." McCormick, Evidence, § 152 at 318-19 (1954) (emphasis in original); 1 Wigmore, Evidence §§ 9-10 at 289-95 (3rd ed. 1940).
*389 Appellant sought to establish the general and well-recognized requirements for a jury finding of voluntary manslaughter. Specifically he attempted to establish that as a result of adequate provocation he acted in the heat of passion when he killed his wife. Our law is quite explicit that the determination of whether a certain quantum of provocation is sufficient to support the defense of voluntary manslaughter is purely an objective standard.[7] To establish sufficient provocation appellant relied on three events immediately preceding the slaying: his awareness within the last month before the crime that his wife had entered into a meretricious relationship with his stepbrother; his knowledge within minutes of the crime that his wife was perhaps pregnant with his stepbrother's child; and his wife's threat immediately before the crime that she was going to leave defendant and take with her his only child.
In making the objective determination as to what constitutes sufficient provocation reliance may be placed upon the cumulative impact of a series of related events.[8] The ultimate test for adequate provocation remains *390 whether a reasonable man, confronted with this series of events, became impassioned to the extent that his mind was "incapable of cool reflection."[9]
Having found in a given situation that an accused was confronted with sufficient provocation, the focus then shifts to defendant's response to that provocation. The relevant inquiry is threefold: did the defendant actually act in the heat of passion when he committed the homicide; did the provocation directly lead to the slaying of the person responsible for the provocation;[10] and was there insufficient "cooling time" thus preventing a reasonable man from using his "reasoning faculties" and "capacity to reflect."[11] Absent any of these elements an accused's defense of provocation must fail and he is not entitled to a verdict of voluntary manslaughter.
*391 As an aid to the jury in making the above three determinations this Court has traditionally allowed an accused to offer testimony in an effort to establish his state of mind at the time of the crime.[12] Applying the established principles of relevancy to a murder prosecution where a defendant asserts that he acted in the heat of passion, it seems clear any evidence lay or psychiatric pertinent to that defense should be admissible. The principal vice of rejecting psychiatric testimony, as the trial court did here, is that it excludes from the consideration of the factfinders evidence of probative value vital to a determination of defendant's state of mind.
Here the sole and dispositive issue in controversy at trial was appellant's state of mind at the time of the slaying. The Commonwealth's theory was that appellant acted with malice, while appellant sought instead to prove that he acted without malice and in the heat of passion. Surely the admission of relevant and probative psychiatric evidence would have aided the jury in resolving those conflicting claims. The admissibility of relevant psychiatric testimony on the issue of whether defendant acted in the heat of passion does not, of course, intrude upon the jury's traditional function of determining for itself the credibility and weight which it will accord that testimony.
Our courts have admitted psychiatric evidence to determine, under the M'Naghten test, whether defendant was sane at the time of the crime.[13] Thus we receive psychiatric evidence where its potential effect may be to support a finding of insanity and thus provide a *392 basis for a not guilty verdict. Similarly psychiatric evidence is admitted and indeed virtually controlling when the determination to be made is defendant's mental capacity to stand trial.[14] Finally, such evidence has long been admissible at the penalty stage of the trial.[15]
Surely the reliance we have consistently placed upon the competence of psychiatric evidence belies any concern that it is not a sufficiently recognized and accepted medical science capable of offering quality expert guidance. The weight of authority convincingly dispels any apprehension that the state of the art of psychiatry is not sufficiently advanced to discern the veracity of a defendant's self-serving statements. Indeed, one expert has noted: "[T]he insane do not lie they expose the truth with alarming candor."[16] Another pair of commentators observed: "The psychiatrist is perfectly aware of the fact that the clinical history obtained from the patient is distorted and self-serving."[17]
It would indeed be anomalous to receive psychiatric evidence as our courts do to establish the complete defense of insanity but at the same time reject psychiatric evidence which seeks to establish only a partial defense *393 by showing that defendant acted in the heat of passion when he committed the homicide.
This Court has for many years permitted a defendant in a criminal prosecution to introduce evidence of intoxication to negate a finding that he had a specific intent to kill.[18] There is no reason in law or logic or public policy why we should not similarly receive psychiatric testimony in a homicide prosecution to establish that the act was committed in the heat of passion. In many ways the argument for admitting psychiatric evidence to determine whether a defendant acted in the heat of passion is much more compelling than when the asserted defense is based on excessive drug or alcoholic usage. It seems too obvious to emphasize that a defense of passion resulting in part from mental disorders is entitled to at least the same recognition and consideration as is presently accorded a defense relying on the conditions engendered by drugs and alcohol.
Clearly our recognition of the value of psychiatric evidence and its admissibility in determining whether a defendant acted in the heat of passion does not suggest that the M'Naghten test for legal sanity is being altered. Quite to the contrary many jurisdictions, including New Jersey and California, have comfortably recognized the two totally separate concepts. We, too, join those jurisdictions in recognizing both concepts. See, e.g., People v. Henderson, 60 Cal. 2d 482, 35 Cal. Rptr. 77, 386 P. 2d 677 (1963); State v. Gramenz, 256 Iowa 134, 126 N.W. 2d 285 (1964); State v. Di Paolo, 34 N.J. 279, 168 A. 2d 401 (1961); Battalino v. People, 118 Colo. 587, 199 P. 2d 897 (1948).
*394 In reality the view we adopt today promotes the dual societal interests of safeguarding the tranquility of the general public as well as assuring appropriate confinement and proper treatment for those who commit crimes and have been legally determined to be mentally disturbed. The Legislature has wisely provided that if a defendant is acquitted of a crime because of insanity, the court may under the Mental Health Act "direct the Attorney for the Commonwealth to act as petitioner to initiate commitment proceedings. . . ."[19] If committed the provisions of the Mental Health and Retardation Act insure that the individual will be confined and treated for the duration of his illness. Similarly if an accused charged with murder is convicted of manslaughter based on a showing through psychiatric evidence that because of mental disorders he acted in the heat of passion, the Commonwealth, if it decides the interest of society and the individual so require, may move to have the defendant committed to a mental institution even beyond the sentence limit so long as he needs treatment.[20]
If the trial results in a conviction of a lesser offense and a shorter sentence, the Mental Health and Retardation Act contains adequate safeguards to allow the Commonwealth to confine a mentally disturbed individual. In short, sufficient remedial procedures are readily available which insure that the mentally ill defendant will be confined and subjected to treatment for the duration of his illness.[21]
*395 Our holding that psychiatric evidence is admissible as an aid in determining whether an accused acted in the heat of passion at the time of his offense is only a natural and logical application of the orderly and authoritative development of the law of evidence in such cases. Thus we respond appropriately and justly to the prophetic reminder of Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER: "Wisdom too often never comes, and so one ought not to reject it merely because it comes late."[22]
The judgment of sentence is reversed and a new trial is granted.
CONCURRING AND DISSENTING OPINION BY MR. JUSTICE EAGEN:
I concur in the grant of a new trial because I am persuaded the trial court erred in precluding the jury from returning a verdict of guilty of voluntary manslaughter. *396 In view of all the circumstances disclosed by the record, such a verdict should not have been ruled out as a matter of law.[1] However, I cannot in good conscience agree a new trial should be granted for the reason advanced by the Majority.
In a series of prior cases, this Court consistently ruled psychiatric testimony to the effect that one accused of crime suffered from an emotional or mental compulsion or disturbance which influenced his conduct is not admissible as trial evidence on the issue of guilt,[2] unless the disturbance amounted to insanity within the legal meaning of that term. In my view, this was a wise and sound rule. Regrettably, it is now rejected by a new Majority and the theory of diminished responsibility is recognized and accepted in its stead. Prior decisions are overruled with a doctrinaire logic theoretically appealing, but lacking in practical wisdom.
Knowledge of what governs the mind and man's behavior has advanced over the centuries, but the science of psychiatry has a long, long way to go before it can be safely relied upon for the purposes the Majority approves and advocates.
The ruling of the Majority in this case opens the door to pitfalls of monumental proportions. To say the least it is illadvised. From now on in Pennsylvania every pet theory advanced by a psychiatrist will have probative value in determining criminal responsibility. The psychiatrists should have a field day.
Mr. Justice O'BRIEN joins in this opinion.
NOTES
[1] See, e.g., State v. DiPaolo, 34 N.J. 279, 168 A. 2d 401 (1961); followed in State v. Sikora, 44 N.J. 453, 210 A. 2d 193 (1965); People v. Wells, 33 Cal. 2d 330, 202 P. 2d 53 (1949) (dissents on other grounds, followed in People v. Henderson, 60 Cal. 2d 482, 35 Cal. Rptr. 77, 386 P. 2d 677 (1963) and People v. Gorshen, 51 Cal. 2d 716, 336 P. 2d 492 (1959); Battalino v. People, 118 Colo. 587, 199 P. 2d 897 (1948); State v. Gramenz, 256 Iowa 134, 126 N.W. 2d 285 (1964); American Bar Foundation, The Mentally Disabled and the Law (1962); A.L.I. Model Penal Code, § 4.02(1) (proposed official draft (1962); MacDonald, Psychiatry and the Criminal (1969); Menninger, The Crime of Punishment (1968); Diamond and Louisell, The Psychiatrist as an Expert Witness: Some Ruminations and Speculations, 63 Mich. L. Rev. 1335 (1965); Katz, Law, Psychiatry, and Free Will, 22 U. Chi. L. Rev. 397 (1955); Kaplan, Punishment and Responsibility in Aquarius, 20 Buff. L. Rev. 181 (1970); Pouros, The Psychiatrist's Role in Determining Accountability for Crimes: The Public Anxiety and an Increasing Expertise, 52 Marq. L. Rev. 380 (1969); Taylor, Partial Insanity as Affecting the Degree of Crime A Commentary on Fisher v. United States, 34 Calif. L. Rev. 625 (1946); Weihofen and Overholser, Mental Disorder Affecting the Degree of a Crime, 56 Yale L.J. 959 (1947); Woodbridge, Some Unusual Aspects of Mental Irresponsibility in the Criminal Law, 29 J. Crim. Law & Criminology 822 (1938-39); Comment, Commonwealth v. Ahearn; Psychiatric Testimony Ruled Inadmissible in Murder Trial to Show Lack of Deliberation and Premeditation, 71 Dick. L. Rev. 100 (1966); Commonwealth v. Weinstein: Psychiatric Testimony in Pennsylvania, 33 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 650 (1972); Note, Diminished Responsibility and Psychiatric Testimony in Pennsylvania, 28 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 679 (1967); English Homicide Act, 1957, 5 & 6 Eliz. II, c.11, § 2(1); see Regina v. Dunbar, 41 Cr. App. R. 182 (1957).
[2] This case was originally argued October 9, 1970. On December 27, 1971, reargument was listed for the January 1972 Session at Philadelphia. By stipulation, the case was continued to the April Session at Philadelphia, and reargument was held on April 27, 1972.
[3] In view of the disposition we reach on this issue we need not discuss appellant's further contentions that (1) the trial court improperly allowed into evidence an involuntary confession; (2) the trial court abused its discretion by not allowing defense counsel sufficient opportunity to discover from the Commonwealth what information it had obtained from "bogus subpoenaes"; (3) the trial court's charge to the jury was prejudicial.
[4] The defense of provocation and passion in a murder prosecution has been stated thusly: "`Voluntary manslaughter is a homicide intentionally committed under the influence of passion. . . . The term "passion" as here used includes both anger and terror provided they reach a degree of intensity sufficient to obscure temporarily the reason of the person affected. . . . Passion, as used in a charge defining manslaughter . . . means any of the emotions of the mind known as anger, rage, sudden resentment or terror, rendering the mind incapable of cool reflection. . . .'" Commonwealth v. Colandro, 231 Pa. 343, 350-51, 80 Atl. 571, 574 (1911). See also Commonwealth v. Jennings, 442 Pa. 18, 274 A. 2d 767 (1971); Commonwealth v. Moore, 398 Pa. 198, 157 A. 2d 65 (1959); Commonwealth v. Donough, 377 Pa. 46, 103 A. 2d 694 (1954); Commonwealth v. Palermo, 368 Pa. 28, 81 A. 2d 540 (1951); Commonwealth v. Wucherer, 351 Pa. 305, 41 A. 2d 574 (1945); Commonwealth v. Flax, 331 Pa. 145, 200 Atl. 632 (1938); Commonwealth v. Paese, 220 Pa. 371, 69 Atl. 891 (1908); Commonwealth v. Drum, 58 Pa. 9 (1868); see generally Michael and Wechsler: A Rationale of the Law of Homicide, 37 Colo. L. Rev. 1261, 1280-89 (1937); Note, Manslaughter and the Adequacy of Provocation: The Reasonableness of the Reasonable Man, 106 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1021 (1958).
[5] Commonwealth v. Tomlinson, 446 Pa. 241, 284 A. 2d 687 (1971) (majority opinion by BELL, C.J., concurring opinion by BARBIERI, J., dissenting opinion by ROBERTS, J., in which JONES and POMEROY, JJ., joined); Commonwealth v. Weinstein, 442 Pa. 70, 274 A. 2d 182 (1971) (opinion in support of affirmance of judgment by BELL, C.J., EAGEN and O'BRIEN, JJ., concurred in the result, opinion in support of reversal of judgment by ROBERTS, J., in which JONES and POMEROY, JJ., joined); Commonwealth v. Rightnour, 435 Pa. 104, 253 A. 2d 644 (1969) (opinion in support of affirmance of judgment by BELL, C.J., opinion in support of reversal of judgment by ROBERTS, J., in which JONES, J., joined, COHEN, J., dissented); Commonwealth v. Phelan, 427 Pa. 265, 234 A. 2d 540 (1967) (majority opinion by EAGEN, J., concurring opinion by BELL, C.J., dissenting opinion by ROBERTS, J., COHEN, J., dissented); Commonwealth v. Ahearn, 421 Pa. 311, 218 A. 2d 561 (1966) (majority opinion by BELL, C.J., dissenting opinion by ROBERTS, J., in which JONES, J., joined, dissenting opinion by COHEN, J.).
[6] Woodbridge, Some Unusual Aspects of Mental Irresponsibility in the Criminal Law, 29 J. Crim. Law & Criminology 822 (1938-39), quoted in Taylor, Partial Insanity as Affecting the Degree of Crime A Commentary on Fisher v. United States, 34 Calif. L. Rev. 625 (1946).
[7] Commonwealth v. Flax, 331 Pa. 145, 155-56, 200 Atl. 632, 636 (1938); Jacobs v. Commonwealth, 121 Pa. 586, 15 Atl. 465 (1888).
[8] "`If the defendant inflicted the wound in a sudden transport of passion, excited by what the deceased then said and by the preceding events which, for the time, disturbed her reasoning faculties and deprived her of the capacity to reflect, or while under the influence of some sudden and uncontrollable emotion excited by the final culmination of her misfortunes, as indicated by the train of events which have been related, the act did not constitute murder in the first degree.'" People v. Caruso, 246 N.Y. 437, 445-46, 159 N.E. 390, 392 (1927) (quoting from People v. Barberi, 149 N.Y. 256 (1896) (emphasis added). See Ferrin v. People, 164 Colo. 130, 433 P. 2d 108 (1967); People v. Borchers, 50 Cal. 2d 321, 325 P. 2d 97 (1958); Baker v. People, 114 Colo. 50, 160 P. 2d 983 (1945); Maher v. People, 10 Mich. 212, 81 Am. Dec. 781 (1862); Perkins, Criminal Law (1969) at p. 67; see also Commonwealth v. Colandro, 231 Pa. 343, 80 Atl. 571 (1911).
The trial court indicated in its opinion that it disregarded appellant's discovery of his wife's illicit relationship in determining whether appellant was confronted with adequate provocation. In so doing, it ignored the well-settled principle that "preceding events" may have a "final culmination", and therefore its finding was erroneous.
[9] See footnote 4, supra.
[10] Thus even if confronted with adequate provocation a defendant may not kill, in the heat of passion, someone not responsible for the provocation. Rex v. Manchuk, 4 D.L.R. 737 (1937) (discussed in Michael and Wechsler, Criminal Law and its Administration (1940) at pp. 152-53).
[11] The great weight of authority holds that in nearly all instances it is for the jury to determine whether there was adequate "cooling time". See, Michael and Wechsler, Criminal Law and its Administration (1940) at 155 n.18 and cases cited therein. Only in very rare and exceptional cases can a court hold as a matter of law that a defendant had adequate "cooling time". Commonwealth v. Dews, 429 Pa. 555, 239 A. 2d 382 (1968) (cooling time sufficient where alleged provocation occurred one month before slaying). Here some of the events relied upon by appellant to show provocation occurred but a short time before the actual slaying. We cannot agree with the trial court's finding that appellant acted after an adequate "cooling time".
[12] Tiffany v. Commonwealth, 121 Pa. 165, 15 Atl. 462 (1888); see generally cases cited in footnote 4, supra.
[13] Commonwealth v. Melton, 406 Pa. 343, 178 A. 2d 728 (1962), cert. denied, 371 U.S. 851, 83 S. Ct. 93 (1962); Commonwealth v. Woodhouse, 401 Pa. 242, 164 A. 2d 98 (1960).
[14] "[T]he test at common law and employed by the courts in determining the mental capacity of a defendant to stand trial or to be sentenced or executed is not the M'Naghten `right or wrong' test but whether the defendant is able to comprehend his position and make a rational defense." Commonwealth v. Moon, 383 Pa. 18, 23, 117 A. 2d 96, 99 (1955); Commonwealth v. Novak, 395 Pa. 199, 150 A. 2d 102 (1959); Commonwealth v. O'Brien 46 Wash. Co. 10 (1965).
[15] Commonwealth v. Wooding, 355 Pa. 555, 559, 50 A. 2d 328, 329 (1947); Commonweatlh v. Stabinsky, 313 Pa. 231, 238, 169 Atl. 439, 442 (1933); see Act of December 1, 1959, P.L. 1621, 18 P.S. § 4701.
[16] Roche, Truth Telling, Psychiatric Expert Testimony and the Impeachment of Witnesses, 22 Pa. B.Q. 140, 146 (1951).
[17] Diamond and Louisell, The Psychiatrist as an Expert Witness: Some Ruminations and Speculations, 63 Mich. L. Rev. 1335, 1353 (1965).
[18] Commonwealth v. Ingram, 440 Pa. 239, 270 A. 2d 190 (1970); Commonwealth v. Brown, 436 Pa. 423, 260 A. 2d 742 (1970); Commonwealth v. Walters, 431 Pa. 74, 244 A. 2d 757 (1968); Commonwealth v. McCausland, 348 Pa. 275, 35 A. 2d 70 (1944); Commonwealth v. Kline, 341 Pa. 238, 19 A. 2d 59 (1941); see also Commonwealth v. Campbell, 445 Pa. 488, 284 A. 2d 798 (1971).
[19] Mental Health and Retardation Act of 1966, Special Sess. No. 3, October 20, P.L. 96, art. IV, § 413, 50 P.S. § 4413.
[20] Mental Health and Retardation Act of 1966, Special Sess. No. 3, October 20, P.L. 96, art. IV, § 406, 50 P.S. § 4406; see also American Bar Foundation, The Mentally Disabled and the Law (1962) at 367.
[21] Indeed one leading psychiatrist and authority on correctional programs, Dr. Karl Menninger, has suggested that the security of society is advanced by committing those mentally disturbed who commit crimes to mental institutions for the full period they require confinement and treatment rather than incarcerating them in a strictly penal institution for a fixed term which may be less than the period of necessary treatment and confinement:
"But you may ask the man was dangerous, immoral, ruthless, unpredictable why not eliminate him?
"For the reasons that . . . [e]liminating one offender who happens to get caught weakens public security by creating a false sense of diminished danger through a definite remedial measure. Actually, it does not remedy anything, and it bypasses completely the real and unsolved problem of how to identify, detect, and detain potentially dangerous citizens.
"What kind of creature was this anyway? And how did he get that way? What gave him the wild and fearful idea? What was he most afraid of? What was burning inside him? What might have deterred him? . . . How do patterns of thought and action such as this get started, and how can the rest of us become alerted in time to prevent such tragedies?" Menninger, The Crime of Punishment 108-109 (1968) (emphasis in original).
[22] Henslee v. Union Planters Nat. Bank & Trust Co., 335 U.S. 595, 600, 69 S. Ct. 290, 293 (1949) (dissenting opinion).
[1] I also have serious reservations about the correctness of the trial court's ruling permitting McCusker's confession in evidence, but since the Majority do not discuss this issue, I will likewise refrain from doing so.
[2] It is always admissible on the issue of punishment.
| 2023-11-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9495 |
Tuesday, March 25, 2008
This is our second mailbag of the spring asking question about what else-baseball. If you are interested in participating in the Mailbag, email me at mlbrumors@gmail.com.
Q: This is not a fantasy question, but which position is the most important in your mind. I mean, which one wins ball games?
Tim R., Boston, MA
ELI: The bullpen. The bullpen wins games and keeps you in ball games that you are losing. A perfect example is in today's Opening Day in Japan. The Red Sox were down late but had solid relievers come in and limit the deficit. That allowed for Red Sox hitters to figure out their pitchers and ironically, come back against the teams best pitcher. The Athletics had the lead but were unable to keep it because of their poor bullpen. Yes, relievers are rusty coming out of Spring Training because they do not play much, but this is a fine example of how important bullpens are.
Q: Erik Bedard is having a rough spring, is this what us Mariners fans should expect from him this season?
Danny M. Portland, Oregon
ELI: It is funny you say that because he is my case study for this season to see how important spring is. I do not think you should expect it from him because there is a lot on his mind. He is getting use to a new catcher, a new team, and new opponents. He has played in Florida his whole career in Spring Training and has not faced most of the players over in Arizona. I'm not trying to make excuses, but when you are facing an ace and you are trying to make the team, you are going to be swinging at the first pitch because you know Bedard is going to be trying to get ahead in the count.
Q: Is Kosuke Fukudome a bust? He is having a terrible spring.
Justin D, Evanston, Ill.
ELI: He too, like Bedard, is getting use to a new setting. He is obviously trying to make a good first impression, and I think Cubs fans appreciate his effort. You cannot say he is a bust yet, but he is a little suprising. He is striking out a lot and you do not like to see that in Spring Training, but what can you do? Remember, he is coming off surgery, and coming into a new league, so I wouldn't get my hopes up just yet. I think he will help, but give him time to come into form.
Q: Who are your two sleeper teams to make the playoffs and go to the World Series?
Jamie E. Dayton, OH
ELI: In the American, my sleeper is the Mariners. I do not think too many teams really have a good chance right now. The Blue Jays have great pitching, but are playing in a really tough division. Because the Angels are hurt right now, I think the Mariners can get ahead. I think people are going to be looking back at the end of the season and say, "Wow, Carlos Silva was a great pickup." As for the NL, I think the Braves have a great chance to win the division. The Phillies will need an even better showing from their pitching, which is unlikely, and the Mets need their players to get and stay healthy, which is also unlikely. The Braves have depth and a healthy lineup.
3
comments:
(CUBBIES RULE) Being a cubs fan Fukudome is starting to scare me. With the season under way and what not i do think its time for him to step up and shows us why he got the contract he got. The cubs will need him to be a big left handed bat if they plan to be successful in the playoffs this year.
to the guy above... well then are you terrified at lee's performance? or how about soto's? and maybe you think rich hill is a bust too? ... grow some patience and give him some room to adjust. im sure fukudome is a gamer and he's shown that time and time again. i dont think he's the savior, but i do think we will get what we payed for. with his work ethic, and intangibles i dont see him allowing himself to fail. what else does he have to do in the states? hes basically alone with no one to talk to... his bat will be his best friend and therein become this cubs fan's best friend as well. GO CUBS!
Yah that 9. something ERA that Silva has posted in Spring Training really looks good. I know it is ST but he has not shown anything. The Mariners at the end of the year may be saying what a waste of money Silva was. He does not have Rick Anderson to help him out anymore. | 2024-04-04T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5521 |
#include "stdio.h"
#include "f2c.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#ifdef KR_headers
extern VOID sig_die();
int abort_()
#else
extern void sig_die(const char*,int);
int abort_(void)
#endif
{
sig_die("Fortran abort routine called", 1);
return 0; /* not reached */
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
| 2023-12-02T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7751 |
Harmison delighted with Ashington side’s character
Brian Bennett
Ashington FC manager Steve Harmison was delighted after his side had claimed their first victory of the season with a 2-1 result against West Auckland on Tuesday night.
And the Woodhorn Lane boss praised his side’s character after they came from behind.
“It was a good win and the togetherness was there, which in all fairness was evident at the weekend against Shildon,” he said.
“We started with a plan playing one up front to try and stifle Shildon, and it worked for 15 minutes, then all of a sudden a great quality free kick by Lewis Wing undone us.
“Conor Grant got a decent hand on it but could not stop it from 35 yards, which tells you how good a strike it was.
“Tonight we had a good first 45 minutes and had a couple of chances, which has been our downfall in the first couple of games as we have not taken them.
“The lads battled unbelievably well and I don’t really want to single anyone out because they stuck together.
“Even when they went a goal behind, after the two and a half weeks they have had including being down to ten men after 90 seconds against Consett, who showed against South Shields on Saturday what a good side they are, they went to face Shildon, who I think will win the league, and stuck with them for 80-90 per cent of the game.
“Tonight we were looking for this game to be the one to kick start us.
“It’s nice having Ben Harmison up top, he causes a lot of problems and gets us higher up the pitch.
“I thought the young lads did well again. Seventeen-year-old Ben Sampson came on for 20 minutes against Shildon and was impressive, Harrison Scott again did OK in his second appearance for us, and Scott Gunn came on as a substitute because we wanted to give him a little bit of a break after a tough couple of weeks.
“All in all I was really pleased with the effort and performance that the lads gave.
“They were playing against a well organised side in West Auckland, and we let our foot slip again at the start of the second half, but full credit to every one of my players. | 2024-07-06T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6140 |
---
abstract: |
Defines $f-\check{C}ech$ homology group ${H}_{i}(X,f;G)$, $f$ is a self-mapping on a compact Hausdorff space $X$. Denotes $f_{*}$ is the linear transformation induced by $f$ on the homology group $H_{*}(X;G)=\oplus\sum\limits_{i=0}^n{H_{i}(X;G)}$. Let $E_{f_*H_*}$ is the set of $f_*$’s eigenvalue on $H_*$, $\rho=\sup\{\|y\||y\in{E_{f_*H_*}}\}$, then we have $ent(f_L)\geq\log\rho$,where $ent(f_L)$ is $f$’s topological fiber entropy, and in this sense the Topological Entropy Conjecture is true.
$\check{C}ech$ homology,equation,germ,fiber entropy,eigenvalue,category.
author:
- 'Luo LvLin[^1]\'
date: 'September 22, 2012'
title: '**Topological Entropy Conjecture**'
---
[**1.Introduction**]{}
1974,In$^{[1]}$ Shub stated a conjecture,named Topological Entropy Conjecture, that is:
Let $f\in C^0(M^n),M^n$ is a $n-$ dimension compact manifold and $C^0(M^n)$ is the set of all continuous self-mapping on $M^n$, so $f$ induces a homomorphism $f_*$ on the homology group $f_*:$ $H_{*}(M^n;Z)\longrightarrow H_{*}(M^n;Z)$, where $H_{*}(M^n;Z)=\oplus\sum\limits_{i=0}^n{H_{i}(M^n;Z)}$, $H_{i}(M^n;Z)$ is the $i$th homology group with integer coefficients. Now $f_{*}$ is a linear transformation and is a $(n+1)\times(n+1)$ matrix concerning integer entry, let $E_{f_*}$ is the set of $f_*$’s eigenvalue, $\rho=\sup\{\|y\||y\in{E_{f_*}}\}$, then the topological entropy conjecture is the inequality $ent(f)\geq\log\rho$ , where $ent(f)$ is $f$’s topological entropy.
The inequality is so simple connected in the first place with the work of Smale,Shub,and Sullivan,that one attempts to prove it have been very fruitful. But unlike the equality of Gauss-Bonet theorem, unlucky,in$^{[4]}$ there is a example explaining the inequality invalid:$0=ent(f)<\log \| E_{f_*H_*(X;G)}\|$.
After study the counterexamples ,the normal entropy definition and the $\check{C}ech$ cohomology definition, through a little revise in homology define and entropy define,following new definition I proof the conjecture is valid again on compact Hausdorff space, and in this paper omit the proof of obvious lemma or conclusion.
To establish the inequality is my interest, also in this paper there is a lot of words about the homology, and in the end develop the normal homology to $\check{C}ech$ homology, extend the dual theorem between normal homology and $\check{C}ech$ cohomology to the dual theorem between $\check{C}ech$ homology and $\check{C}ech$ cohomology.
For ignore reading the origin paper, there is a story between $Klein$ and $Poincar\acute{e}$ about the naming of $Fuchs$ function in two dimension, course,in the last $Poincar\acute{e}$ was remedial this by named $Klein$ group after his own achievement in three dimension.
Some times I maybe forgot or ignore the references for never reading the origin paper, if you find something,please forgive me and chase me,I will remedy that in the first time.
Generally,in this paper,shift is one-side shift,$id$ or $I$ is the identical mapping,$X$ denotes a compact Hausdorff space, $C^0(X)$ denotes the set of all continuous self-mapping on $X$, $G$ is a free abelian group with a finite spanning set, $Z$ is the integer set,$Z^n=\bigoplus\limits_{i=1}^{n}Z$ and $Q$ is the rational set. For brevity,$n$ and $\|\bullet\|$ denotes of many kinds meaning, one can regard this following the context.
Let $\alpha,\beta$ is the open cover of $X$, if for any $B\in\beta$,exist $A\in\alpha$ and $B\subseteq A$,define $\alpha<\beta$,named $\beta$ is larger than $\alpha$. Put $\alpha^c=\{A|A^c\in\alpha\}$,where,$A^c\bigcup A=X,A^c\bigcap A=\emptyset$,and $\overline{A}$ is the closures of $A$, $\|A\|$ is the numbers of elements of $A$.
Denotes: $\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
a_{0}\cdots\hat a_{i}\cdots a_{p}=a_{0}\cdots a_{i-1},a_{i+1},\cdots a_{p},\\
a_{0}\cdots\underline b^{(i)}\cdots a_{p}=a_{0}\cdots a_{i-1},b,a_{i},\cdots a_{p},\\
a_{0}\cdots\underline b_{(k)}^{(i)}\cdots a_{p}=\sum\limits_{m\in (k)}a_{0}\cdots a_{i-1},b_{m},a_{i},\cdots a_{p},\\
a_{0}\cdots\underline b_{\emptyset}^{(i)}\cdots a_{p}=\sum\limits_{m\in \emptyset}a_{0}\cdots a_{i-1},b_{m},a_{i},\cdots a_{p}=
a_{0}\cdots a_{i-1},a_{i}\cdots a_{p},\\
(k)=\{k_1,k_2,k_3,\cdots,k_n,n=\|\{a_{0}\cdots a_{i-1},b_{m},a_{i},\cdots a_{p}\}\|\geq1,m\in Z\},\\
{(a_{0}\cdots\hat{b_{(k)}}\cdots a_{p})}^d=b_{k_1}\cdots b_{k_i}\cdots b_{k_n},k_i\in(k).
\end{array}
\right.$
Before starting the main body,first please me express gratitude to Hou BingZhe, who is my dissertation teacher and friend, because of his help and suggestion,I can be successful completion of this paper. Also I respect my PhD supervisor Ji YouQing,for his selfless and the spirit of education. Finally thanks my graduate tutor Cao Yang,classmates,friends,and Jilin University, in the one or two years after my father died, that was my cloudy day,for their help in my daily lives I life better.
[**2.Algebra Equation of Boundary Operator**]{}
\[1\] $^{[2]P_{541}}$Let $\Psi$ is a cover of $X$, Let $U_0,U_1,U_2,\cdots,U_p\in\Psi$, if $U_0\bigcap U_{1}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p}\neq\emptyset$, then define a $p$-simplex $\sigma_{p}$ and $p$th chain group $C_{p}$, so get the $p$th homology group $H_{p}(\Psi;G)$ and cohomology group $H^{p}(\Psi;G)$.
where : $\cdots\xrightarrow{}C_{p+1}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{\partial_{p+1}}C_{p}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{\partial_{p}}C_{p-1}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{}\cdots$
$\partial_{p} (U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p})=\sum\limits_{i}^{p}(-)^{i}(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{U_{i}}\cdots\bigcap U_{p})$,
it is easy to get $\partial_{p-1}\circ\partial_{p}=0$.
$\left.
\begin{array}{lr}
B_{p}(\Psi;G)=im\partial_{p+1},\\
Z_{p}(\Psi;G)=ker\partial_{p},\\
{H}_{p}(\Psi;G)=Z_{p}/B_{p},\\
\end{array}
\right.$
Let $C^{p}(\Psi;G)=Hom(C_{p}(\Psi;G),G)$,
so $\partial_{p}$ induce a homomorphism $C^{p-1}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{\delta^{p}} C^{p}(\Psi;G)$, and get:
$\left.
\begin{array}{lr}
\cdots\xleftarrow{}C^{p+1}(\Psi;G)\xleftarrow{\delta^{p+1}}C^{p}(\Psi;G)\xleftarrow{\delta^{p}}C^{p-1}(\Psi;G)\xleftarrow{}\cdots,\\
\delta^{p+1}\circ\delta^{p}=0.\\
\end{array}
\right.$
$\left.
\begin{array}{lr}
B^{p}(\Psi;G)=im\delta^{p},\\
Z^{p}(\Psi;G)=ker\delta^{p+1},\\
{H}^{p}(\Psi;G)=Z^{p}(\Psi;G)/B^{p}(\Psi;G),\\
\end{array}
\right.$
\[2\] $C^{p}(\Psi;G)\cong C_{p}(\Psi;G)$, if $c_p=U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p}\in C_{p}(\Psi;G)$,put $U^{i}=U_{i}^c$ then $c^p=U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup U^{p}\neq X$ is a representation of $p$-simplex of $C^{p}(\Psi;G)$.
Because of finite spanning and free, $G$ can be regard as a ring $^{[3]}$, so $C_{p}(\Psi;G)$ can be treated as a finite dimension $G$-module vector space$^{[7]}$, and $C^{p}(\Psi;G)$ can be treated as the dual vector space of $C_{p}(\Psi;G)$. With the property of finite dimension $G$-module vector space, can get $C^{p}(\Psi;G)\cong C_{p}(\Psi;G)$.
$c_p=U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p}\neq\emptyset\longleftrightarrow c^p=U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup U^{p}\neq X$,
so $c_p\in C^{p}(\Psi;G)\Longleftrightarrow c^p\in C^{p}(\Psi;G)$, i.e.,$U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup U^{p}\neq X$ is a representation of $p$-simplex of $C^{p}(\Psi;G)$.
\[3\] Let $X$ is a compact space, define $n_\Psi=\max\{n|\partial(U_0\cdots\bigcap U_i\cdots U_n)\neq\partial(U_0\cdots\bigcap U_i\cdots U_n\bigcap U_{n+1}),U_1,\cdots U_i,\cdots,U_n,U_{n+1}\in\Psi\}$, named $n_\Psi$ is the $\partial$ operator dimension of $X$ with $\Psi$,where $\Psi$ is a cover of $X$. Let $J$ is a orientation set induced by the all open cover of $X$, easily to find that :if $\alpha,\beta\in J,\alpha<\beta$, then $n_\alpha\leq n_\beta$. so $n$ is a function defined on $J$, i.e.,$n_\Psi=n(\Psi)$. If exist $\lim\limits_{\overrightarrow{\Psi\in J}} n_\Psi=n_J=n(J)$,then define $n_J$ is the $\partial$ operator dimension of $X$.
Because $n$ is a function defined on $J$, for convenience $n$ denotes the value $n(\Psi)$, so its can be $n=n_\Psi$,can be $n=n_J$,some particular places using $n$ denotes normal manifold dimension too,one can regard this following the context. In order to deal with the problem easily, always let $\Psi\in J$ is good enough and enough refinement,i.e., satisfy all the necessary requirements of the problem.
\[4\] For any $\sigma^p$, exist a $\sigma^n$, that is, $\sigma^p$ is the $p$th surface of $\sigma^n$, where $p\leq n,\sigma^p\in C^{p}(\Psi;G),\sigma^n\in C^{n}(\Psi;G)$, so exist ${(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})}^d=U^{k_0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup {U^{k_m}}\cdots\bigcup U^{k_{n-p+1}}$.
if $p=n$,the conclusion is trivial,
put $p<n$ and the exist of $\sigma^n$ is following the define of $n$,
let $\sigma^n=V^0\bigcup\cdots\bigcup V^n$, $\sigma^p=U^0\bigcup\cdots U^i\cdots\bigcup U^{p}$, $p<n,\sigma^p\in C^{p}(\Psi;G),\sigma^n\in C^{n}(\Psi;G)$.
loss no generally let $V^k\neq U^j,0\leq k\leq n,0\leq j\leq p$,
considering $U^{p+1},U^0\bigcup\cdots U^i\cdots\bigcup U^{p+1}=X,1\leq i\leq p$.
by the define of $n$,also get $V^0\bigcup\cdots\bigcup V^n\bigcup U^{p+1}=X$,
then $V^0\bigcup\cdots\bigcup V^n\bigcup U^{p+1}=U^0\bigcup\cdots U^i\cdots\bigcup U^{p+1}$,
that is $|\sigma^n|=|\sigma^p|$,i.e.,$\sigma^p$ can be refinement by some $\sigma^n$, where $|\sigma^n|$ is the support set of $\sigma^n$.
but $C^{p}(\Psi;G)\cong C_{p}(\Psi;G),C^{n}(\Psi;G)\cong C_{n}(\Psi;G)$, so $U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup U^{p}\neq X$ also is a representation of $p$-simplex of $C_{p}(\Psi;G)$,
by the property of $Hom(-,G)$ functor,exist a injective homomorphism $f$ from $C^{p}(\Psi;G)$ to $C^{n}(\Psi;G)$,
i.e.,$\sigma^p$ can be regarded as a surface of $\sigma^n$,
so exist ${(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})}^d=U^{k_1}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup {U^{k_m}}\cdots\bigcup U^{k_{n-p+1}}$.
\[5\] ${H}^{p}(\Psi;G)\cong {H}_{n-p}(\Psi;G)$.
By $lemma~\ref{2}$ get two chains:
$(1)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
\cdots\xrightarrow{}C_{p+1}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{\partial_{p+1}}C_{p}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{\partial_{p}}C_{p-1}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{}\cdots\\
\cdots\xleftarrow{}C^{p+1}(\Psi;G)\xleftarrow{\delta^{p+1}}C^{p}(\Psi;G)\xleftarrow{\delta^{p}}C^{p-1}(\Psi;G)\xleftarrow{}\cdots\\
\end{array}
\right.$
for a fixed $p$-simplex of $C_{p}(\Psi;G)$,considered the algebra equation:
$(*)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
<\partial c_p,c^{p-1}>=<c_p,\delta c^{p-1}>,\\
\partial_{p} (U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p})=\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{U_{i}}\cdots\bigcap U_{p}),\\
\partial\emptyset=\delta\emptyset=0,\\
<a,\emptyset>=<\emptyset,b>=0\\
\end{array}
\right.$
$(**)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
<\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{U_{i}}\cdots\bigcap U_{p}),U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{U_{i}}\cdots\bigcap U_{p}>=<c_p,\delta c^{p-1}>,\\
\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}(-)^{i}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \underline{U_{(k)}^{(i)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})=\delta^{p}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup\hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p}),\\
\end{array}
\right.$
if $(k)=\emptyset$, then define $(i)=\emptyset$,${(-1)}^{\emptyset}=0$ ,so $\delta^{p}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup\hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})=0$.
$(2)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
\partial_{p} (U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p})=\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{U_{i}}\cdots\bigcap U_{p}),\\
\delta^{p}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})=\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \underline{U_{(k)}^{(i)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p}).\\
\end{array}
\right.$
that is :
$(3)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
\partial_{p}(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p})-\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{U_{i}}\cdots\bigcap U_{p})=0,\\
\delta^{p}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})-\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \underline{U_{(k)}^{(i)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})=0,\\
\delta^{n-p+1}{(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})}^d=\delta^{n-p+1}{(U^{k_1}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup {U^{k_m}}\cdots\bigcup U^{k_{n-p+1}})},\\
\delta^{n-p+1}{(U^{k_1}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup {U^{k_m}}\cdots\bigcup U^{k_{n-p+1}})}-\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}{(U^{k_1}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \underline{U_{(k)}^{(i)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{k_{n-p+1}})}=0.\\
\end{array}
\right.$
let $c_p=\sum z_m{(U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p})}_m $ , so $c^{n-p}=\sum z_m{({(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})}^d)}_m$, $z_m\in Z$.
$(*3)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
U_{0}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p}\longleftrightarrow U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p}\longleftrightarrow {(U^{0}\bigcup\cdots\bigcup \hat{U_{(k)}}\cdots\bigcup U^{p})}^d,\\
c_p\in ker\partial_{p}\Longleftrightarrow
c^{n-p}\in ker\delta^{n-p+1},\\
c_p \in im\partial_{p+1}\Longleftrightarrow
c^{n-p}\in im\delta^{n-p}.
\end{array}
\right.$
Denotes: $(4)\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
\partial_{\frac{ker}{im}}(C_p)={H}_{p}(\Psi;G)=Z_{p}/B_{p}=ker\partial_{p}/im\partial_{p+1},\\
\partial^*_{\frac{ker}{im}}(C^p)={H}^{p}(\Psi;G)=Z^{p}/B^{p}=ker\delta^{p+1}/im\delta^{p}.\\
\end{array}
\right.$
So $\partial_{p}$ and $\delta^{n-p+1}$ is dual solution in algebra equation $(3)$, corresponding $\partial_{\frac{ker}{im}}$ and $\partial^*_{\frac{ker}{im}}$ is dual value in $(*3)$, the all process of dual mapping is linear reversible, i.e.,the same style as homeomorphism,therefore, the $p$th value of $\partial_{\frac{ker}{im}}$ in the $C_p$ chain group is isomorphic to the $(n-p)$th value of $\partial^*_{\frac{ker}{im}}$ in the $C^{n-p}$ chain group, that is $\partial_{\frac{ker}{im}}(C_p)\cong\partial^*_{\frac{ker}{im}}(C^{n-p})$, for this reason,${H}^{p}(\Psi;G)\cong {H}_{n-p}(\Psi;G)$.
Like linear equation,let $S_i:A_ix+B_iy+C_iz=0$ is a collection of lines, in other way is a collection of planes $S^*_i:A_ix+B_iy+C_iz=0$, where $0\leq i\leq n$. Line and plane is a pair of dual, but for a fixed space,the value never changed,of intrinsic relationship between line or between plane, i.e.,if $f,g$ are mappings,denotes $f_i=f(S_i,S_{i-1}),f^*_i=f^*(S^*_i,S^*_{i+1})$, and if $g_i=g(f_i),g^*_i=g(f^*_i)$, then $g_i,g^*_i$ is a pair of dual,that is exist a natural relate between $g_i$ and $g^*_{n-i}$. For example, that natural relation maybe is $g_i=g^*_{n-i}$, or $g_ig^*_{n-i}=1$, or $g_i+g^*_{n-i}=0$,or $g_iA_k+g_{n-i}B_k+C_k=0$,and so on,the dual outcome and the representation of the natural relate between $g_i$ and $g^*_{n-i}$ only dependent the dual mappings $f,g$.
[**3.Germ and Dual of $\check{C}ech$ homology**]{}
\[6\] $^{[2]P_{542}}$Let $J$ is a orientation set induced by the all open cover of $X$, Let $U_0,U_1,U_2,\cdots,U_p\in\Psi,\Psi\in J$, if $U_0\bigcap U_{1}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p}\neq\emptyset$, then define a $p$-simplex $\sigma_{p}$ and $p$th chain group $C_{p}$, so get the $p$th homology group $H_{p}(\Psi;G)$ and cohomology group $H^{p}(\Psi;G)$. If $\Omega,\Psi\in J$ and $\Omega<\Psi$, then get homomorphism $f_{\Psi\Omega}:H_{p}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{}H_{p}(\Omega;G)$, and $f_{\Omega\Psi}:H^{p}(\Omega;G)\xrightarrow{}H^{p}(\Psi;G)$.
\[7\] with $definition~\ref{6}$, If $\Omega,\Psi\in J$,denotes $\Theta=\Psi\bigvee\Omega$, then $f_{\Theta\Omega}:H_{p}(\Theta;G)\xrightarrow{}H_{p}(\Omega;G)$, and $f_{\Theta\Psi}:H_{p}(\Theta;G)\xrightarrow{}H_{p}(\Psi;G)$, by this,define a $\check{C}ech$ homology germ $H_p(J;G)$. Also can define a $\check{C}ech$ cohomology germ $H^p(J;G)$. If for any $\Psi\in J$,then $H_{(n-p)}(\Psi;G)\cong H^p(\Psi;G)$, define $H^p(J;G)\cong H_{(n-p)}(J;G)$.
\[8\] $^{[2]P_{542}}$Let $J$ is a orientation set induced by the all open cover of $X$, Let $U_0,U_1,U_2,\cdots,U_p\in\Psi,\Psi\in J$, if $U_0\bigcap U_{1}\bigcap\cdots\bigcap U_{p}\neq\emptyset$, then define a $p$-simplex $\sigma_{p}$ and $p$th chain group $C_{p}$, so get the $p$th homology group $H_{p}(\Psi;G)$ and cohomology group $H^{p}(\Psi;G)$. If $\Omega,\Psi\in J$ and $\Omega<\Psi$, then get homomorphism $f_{\Psi\Omega}:H_{p}(\Psi;G)\xrightarrow{}H_{p}(\Omega;G)$, and $f_{\Omega\Psi}:H^{p}(\Omega;G)\xrightarrow{}H^{p}(\Psi;G)$. finally define $\check{C}ech$ $p$th cohomology group $\check H^{p}(X;G)=\underrightarrow{\lim}_{\Omega\in J}H^{p}(\Omega;G).$
\[9\] With $definition~\ref{8}$, define $\check{C}ech$ $p$th homology group $H_{p}(X;G)=\underleftarrow{\lim}_{\Omega\in J}H_{p}(\Omega;G).$
\[10\] $H_{p}(X;G)\sim H_{p}(J;G)$, $\check H^{p}(X;G)\sim H^{p}(J;G)$,where ’$\sim$’ means different expressions of the same thing.
By $lemma~\ref{5}$ and $definition~\ref{7},~\ref{8},~\ref{9}$.
\[11\] If $H_{(n-p)}(J;G)\cong H^{p}(J;G)$,then define $H_{(n-p)}(X;G)\cong\check H^{p}(X;G)$.
\[12\] $H_{(n-p)}(X;G)\cong \check H^{p}(X;G)$.
By $lemma~\ref{10}$,$definition~\ref{11}$.
[**4.$f-\check{C}ech$ homology and $L_{1}$ Category**]{}
\[13\] Let $U_i,V,W\subseteq X,0\leq i\leq k,k\in Z$,$f\in C^0(X)$. define:
$\left.
\begin{array}{l}
L_{f}(U)=\{\cdots,{f}^{-n}(U),\cdots,{f}^{-1}(U),{f}^{0}(U),\cdots,{f}^{n}(U),\cdots\},\\
f\circ L_f=L_f\circ f,\\
L_{f}(U)\bigcap L_{f}(V)=L_{f}(W),\qquad W=U\bigcap V,\\
L_{f}(\emptyset)=\emptyset,\\
L_{f}(U_0)\bigcap L_{f}(U_1)\cdots\bigcap L_{f}(U_k)=L_{f}(U_0)\bigcap(L_{f}(U_1)\cdots\bigcap L_{f}(U_k)),\\
L_{g+h}(U)=\{\cdots,{g}^{-n}(U)\bigcup{h}^{-n}(U),\cdots,{g}^{0}(U)\bigcup {h}^{0}(U),\cdots,{g}^{n}(U)\bigcup{h}^{n}(U),\cdots\},\\
L_{g\bigoplus h}(U)=L_{g+h}(U),when\,{g}^{-1}(U)\bigcap{h}^{-1}(U)=\emptyset,\\
f|_U=g+h\Longleftrightarrow L_{f}(f(U))=L_{g+h}(f(U)),\\
f=g+h\Longleftrightarrow L_{f}(U)=L_{g+h}(U).
\end{array}
\right.$
then $L_{f}(U)$ is named the $f$-fiber of $U$,let $X^{f}$ denotes the sets of $L_{f}(U)$.
If $X$ is a compact space,then $X^{+\infty}=\prod\limits_{i=-\infty}^{-1} X\times\underline{X}\times\prod\limits_{i=1}^{+\infty} X$ is compact too,by Tychonoff theorem. Clearly,$X^{f}$ is a compact subset of $X^{+\infty}$.
\[14\] Let $J$ is a orientation set induced by the all open cover of $X$, $\Psi\in J$,$U_0,U_2,\cdots,U_p\in\Psi$,$f\in C^0(X)$. if $L_{f}(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_{f}(U_{p})\neq\emptyset$, then define a $(\Psi,f)$ $p$-simplex $\check{\sigma}_{p}$, and get the $(\Psi,f)$ $p$th homology group $H_{p}(\Psi,f;G)$.
\[15\] A $\check{C}ech$ $p$-chain $c_{p}$ can induce a $f-\check{C}ech$ $p$-chain $\check{c}_{p}$, and so $\check{C}ech$ $p$-chain group is isomorphic to a subgroup of $f-\check{C}ech$ $p$-chain group.
\[16\] Let $J$ is a orientation set induced by the all open cover of $X$, $\Psi\in J$,$U_0,U_2,\cdots,U_p\in\Psi$,$f\in C^0(X)$, define: $\check\partial_{p}:C_{p}(\Psi,f;G)\xrightarrow{}C_{p-1}(\Psi,f;G)$,
$\check\partial_{p} (L_f(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_{p}))=\sum\limits_{i=0}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}(L_f(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{L_f(U_{i})}\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_{p}))$.
it is easy to get $\check\partial\circ\check\partial=0$.
in fact $\check\partial\circ\check\partial (L_f(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_{p}))$
$=\sum\limits_{i}^{p}{(-1)}^{i}\check\partial(L_f(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{L_f(U_{i})}\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_{p}))$
$=\sum\limits_{i}^{p}\sum\limits_{j<i}{(-1)}^{i+j}(L_f(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{L_f(U_{j})}\cdots\bigcap \hat{L_f(U_{i})}\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_{p}))$
$+\sum\limits_{i}^{p}\sum\limits_{j>i}{(-1)}^{i+j-1}(L_f(U_{0})\bigcap\cdots\bigcap \hat{L_f(U_{i})}\cdots\bigcap \hat{L_f(U_{j})}\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_{p}))$
$=0$.
Similarly we get the $f-\check{C}ech$ $p$-chain group ${C}_{p}(\Psi,f;G)$,and the homomorphism sequence:
$\cdots\xrightarrow{}{C}_{p+1}(\Psi,f;G)\xrightarrow{\check\partial_{p+1}}\check{C}_{p}(\Psi,f;G)\xrightarrow{\check\partial_{p}}{C}_{p-1}(\Psi,f;G)\xrightarrow{}\cdots$
and $\left.
\begin{array}{l}
{B}_{p}(\Psi,f;G)=im\check\partial_{p+1},\\
{Z}_{p}(\Psi,f;G)=ker\check\partial_{p},\\
{H}_{p}(\Psi,f;G)=Z_{p}(\Psi,f;G)/B_{p}(\Psi,f;G),\\
\end{array}
\right.$
\[17\] With $definition~\ref{14}$,If $\Omega,\Psi\in J$ ,$\Omega<\Psi$, then get a homomorphism $f_{\Psi\Omega}:H_{p}(\Psi,f;G)\xrightarrow{}H_{p}(\Omega,f;G)$, finally define $f-\check{C}ech$ $p$th homology germ $H_{p}(J,f;G)$ and $p$th homology group $H_{p}(X,f;G)=\underleftarrow{\lim}_{\Omega\in J}H_{p}(\Omega,f;G).$
\[18\] $H_{p}(X,J;G)\sim H_{p}(X,f;G)$.
define: $\left.
\begin{array}{l}
{C}_{p}(X;G)=\bigoplus{C}_{p}(X,id;G),\\
H_{*}(X;G)=\bigoplus\limits_{i=0}^n{H_{i}(X;G)},\\
C_{*}(X;G)=\bigoplus\limits_{i=0}^n{C_{i}(X;G)},\\
B_{*}(X;G)=\bigoplus\limits_{i=0}^n{B_{i}(X;G)},\\
H_{*}(X,f;G)=\bigoplus\limits_{i=0}^n{H_{i}(X,f;G)},\\
C_{*}(X,f;G)=\bigoplus\limits_{i=0}^n{C_{i}(X,f;G)},\\
B_{*}(X,f;G)=\bigoplus\limits_{i=0}^n{B_{i}(X,f;G)},\\
\end{array}
\right.$
\[19\] Let $G$ is a abelian group, $G_0$ is a subgroup of $G$, then a linear transformation $T$ on $G$ restricted on $G_{0}$ noted by $T_0$,also is a linear transformation. if define $E_{T}$ is the all eigenvalue of $T$,so is $E_{T_0}$, then $\sup\|E_{T}\|\geq\sup\|E_{T_0}\|$, where $\|E_{T}\|=\{\|a\||a\in E_{T}\}$. Denotes $f_*H_*$ is the induced linear transformation of $f$,restricting on $H_*$, in this obtaining the inequality:
$(5)\left.
\begin{array}{l}
\sup\|E_{f_*{H_*{(X,f;G)}}}\|\leq\sup\|E_{f_*{Z_*{(X,f;G)}}}\|\leq\sup\|E_{f_*{C_*{(X,f;G)}}}\|,\\
\sup\|E_{f_*{H_*(X;G)}}\|\leq\sup\|E_{f_*{Z_*(X;G)}}\|\leq\sup\|E_{f_*{C_*(X;G)}}\|,\\
\sup\|E_{f_*{C_*(X;G)}}\|\leq\sup\|E_{f_*{ C_*{(X,f;G)}}}\|,\\
\end{array}
\right.$
\[20\] $X,Y$ is compact Hausdorff spaces,$f\in C^0(X),g\in C^0(Y)$.
(a)Define $X^f$ and $Y^g$ is $L_{1}$-homotopy equivalence, if exist a pair of continuous mapping:
$\left.
\begin{array}{ll}
F:X^f\xrightarrow{}Y^g,&D:Y^g\xrightarrow{}X^f,\\
F\circ D=id_{Y^g},&D\circ F=id_{X^f}.\\
\end{array}
\right.$
(b)Define $h,r:X^f\xrightarrow{}Y^g$ is $L_{2}$-homotopy, if exist a continuous mapping:
$\left.
\begin{array}{ll}
F:X^f\times [0,1]\xrightarrow{}Y^g,&\\
F(X^f,0)=h(X^f),&F(X^f,1)=r(X^f)\\
\end{array}
\right.$
so $h$ induces a homomorphism $h_*:{H}_*{_{(X,f;G)}}\xrightarrow{}{H}_*{_{(Y,g;G)}}$,and $r_*$ by $r$.
let $L$ be the class of set:$\{(X^f)|X$ is compact Hausdorff spaces,$f\in C^0(X)\}$, for each $X^f,Y^g\in L$,let $mor_s(X^f,Y^g)=L_{1}(X^f,Y^g)$, by the $L_{1}$-homotopy and composition of function $\circ$, we get a category$(L,mor_s,\circ)$.
let $\tilde{L}$ be the class of set:$\{H_*{_{(X,f;G)}}|X^f\in L \}$, for each $H_*{_{(X,f;G)}},H_*{_{(Y,g;G)}}\in\tilde{L}$, let $mor_H(H_*{_{(X,f;G)}},H_*{_{(Y,g;G)}})$ be the all group homomorphisms from $H_*{_{(X,f;G)}}$ to $H_*{_{(Y,g;G)}}$, by the $L_{1}$-homotopy induced $*$ mapping and composition of function $\circ$, we get a category$(\tilde{L},mor_H,\circ)$. Easy to see the functor from $(L,mor_s,\circ)$ to $(\tilde{L},mor_H,\circ)$.
\[21\] Let $f\in C^0(X),g\in C^0(Y)$,$X,Y$ is compact Hausdorff spaces,
(a)if $X^f$ and $Y^g$ is $L_{1}$-homotopy equivalence,
then ${C}_{p}(X,f;G)={C}_{p}(X,g;G)$.
(b)if $h,r:X^f\xrightarrow{}Y^g$ is $L_{2}$-homotopy,
then $h_*=r_*$.
By diagram chasing.
[**5.Topological Entropy Conjecture**]{}
if $\alpha,\beta$ are collections of open sets of $X$,
denotes: $(6)\left.
\begin{array}{ll}
\alpha\bigvee\beta=\{A\bigcap B|A\in\alpha,B\in\beta\},\\
f^{-1}(\alpha)=\{f^{-1}(A)|A\in\alpha\},\\
f^{-1}(\alpha\bigvee\beta)=f^{-1}(\alpha)\vee f^{-1}(\beta),\\
\bigvee\limits_{i=0}^{n-1} f^{-i}(\alpha)=\alpha\bigvee f^{-1}(\alpha)\bigvee\cdots\bigvee f^{-(n-1)}(\alpha)\\
\end{array}
\right.$
If $\alpha,\beta$ are open covers of $X$ , let $N(\alpha)$ is the infimum of the numbers of $\alpha's$ subcover, from the compact of $X$ we know $N(\alpha)$ is a positive integer. so define $H(\alpha)=\log N(\alpha)\geq0.$
$(7)\alpha<\beta\Longrightarrow H(\alpha)\leq H(\beta)^{[8]P_{81}}.$
\[22\] $^{[8]P_{89}}$ For a fix open cover $\alpha$ of $X$,define :
$ent(f,\alpha)=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\propto}\frac{1}{n}H(\bigvee\limits_{i=0}^{n-1} f^{-i}(\alpha))$,
and define:$f'$s topological entropy:
$ent(f)=\sup\limits_{\alpha}\{ent(f,\alpha)\}$,where $\sup\limits_\alpha$ is through the all open cover of $X$.
\[23\] If $\alpha$ is a open cover of $X$,let $L_{f}(\alpha)=\{L_{f}(U)|U\in\alpha\}$, then $L_{f}(\alpha)$ can extend to a open fiber cover $\dot L_{f}(\alpha)$ of $X^f$.
\[24\] For a fix open fiber cover $\dot L_f(\alpha)$ of $X^f$, define :
$\frac{f^{-1}(\dot L_f(\alpha))}{\dot L_f(\alpha)}=\max\limits_{U\in \alpha}\|\{f^{-1}\dot L_f(U)\bigcap \dot L_f(U)\}\|$,
$\frac{f(\dot L_f(\alpha))}{\dot L_f(\alpha)}=\max\limits_{U\in \alpha}\|\{f\dot L_f(U)\bigcap \dot L_f(U)\}\|$,
$L_d=\max\{\frac{f^{-1}(\dot L_f(\alpha))}{\dot L_f(\alpha)},\frac{f(\dot L_f(\alpha))}{\dot L_f(\alpha)}\}$,
$ent(f_L,\dot L_f(\alpha))=ent(f,\alpha)+\log L_d$,
and define:$f'$s topological fiber entropy:
$ent(f_L)=\sup\limits_{\dot L_f(\alpha)}\{ent(f_L,\dot L_f(\alpha))+\log L_d\}$, where $\sup\limits_{\dot L_f(\alpha)}$ is through the all open cover of $X^f$.
If $f\in C^0(X)$,then $f_*$ is the linear transformation induced by $f$, then define $\check{C}ech$ eigenchains is the chains belong to the eigenvalue following $f_*$, and any $\check{C}ech$ eigenchains can extend to a open cover.
\[25\] $^{[8]P_{102}}$If f is the shift operator on a $k$-symbolic space,then $ent(f)=\log k$.
\[26\] If f is the shift operator on a $k$-symbolic space,then $ent(f_L)=ent(f)+L_d=2\log k$.
[**Exercise1:**]{}
Let $\{1,2,\cdots,k\}=X$ ,if $2^X\xrightarrow{f:\left.
\begin{array}{ll}
\{1\}\rightarrow\{1,2,\cdots,k\},\\
\{2\}\rightarrow\{1,2,\cdots,k\},\\
\quad\vdots\quad \vdots\qquad\vdots\\
\{k\}\rightarrow\{1,2,\cdots,k\}
\end{array}
\right.}2^X$,
then $ent(f)=0,ent(f_L)=\log k$.
[**Exercise2:**]{}
Let $\{1,2,\cdots,k\}=X$ ,if $2^X\xrightarrow{f:\left.
\begin{array}{ll}
\{1,2,\cdots,k\}\rightarrow\{1\}
\end{array}
\right.}2^X$,
then $ent(f)=0,ent(f_L)=\log k$.
[**Exercise3:**]{}
Let $[0,1]=X$ ,if $X\xrightarrow{\left.
\begin{array}{ll}
f(x)=kx,\\
0<k<1,
\end{array}
\right.}X$,
then $ent(f)=0,ent(f_L)=-\log k$.
\[27\] Let $2< m\in Z$,then exist $1\leq p,q\in Z,p\neq q,m=p+q$.
\[28\] Let $\alpha$ is a collection subset of $X$, if $L_{f}(\alpha)$ is a $\check{C}ech$ eigenchains belong to $m$, then $L_{f}(\alpha)$ has a factor conjunct a shift operator on $m$-symbolic space or its $L_d=m$,$0\leq m\in Z$.
If $L_f=\sum\limits_{i=0}^{k}
{a_i}\check\sigma_i$ is a eigenchains belong to the eigenvalue $m$, $\check\sigma_i\in H_*(X,f;G)$,$m,{a_i}\in Z$.
with the limit of $H_{p}(X,f;G)=\underleftarrow{\lim}_{\Omega\in J}H_{p}(\Omega,f;G),$ there is a $\check{C}ech$ homology germ $H_{p}(J,f;G)$,$\Phi\in J$,and $H_{*}(\Phi,f;G)$, so $f_*(L_f)=m(L_f)$ on $H_{*}(\Phi,f;G)$,it can extend a equation on $C_{*}(\Phi,f;G)$, that is $f_\sharp(\check\sigma_i)=m(\check\sigma_i),i\in\{0,\cdots,k\}$, $\check\sigma_i\in C_*(\Phi,f;G)$,$m,{a_i}\in Z$.
Just thinking $f_\sharp$ on $C_{*}(\Phi,f;G)$,
let $U_0,\cdots,U_j$ is subset of $X$, $\check\sigma_i=L_f(U_0)\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_j)$, then
$L_{f}(U_{\eta})=$ $\{\cdots,{f}^{-n}(U_{\eta}),\cdots,{f}^{-1}(U_{\eta}),{f}^{0}(U_{\eta}),\cdots,{f}^{n}(U_{\eta}),\cdots\}$, $\eta\in\{0,\cdots,j\}.$
so $f_\sharp(\check\sigma_i)=
f_\sharp(L_f(U_0)\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_j))=
L_{f}(f(U_0))\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_{f}(f(U_j))=
m(L_f(U_0)\bigcap\cdots\bigcap L_f(U_j)),$
i.e., $m(\bigcap\limits_{\eta=0}^{j}
\{\cdots,{f}^{-n}(U_\eta),\cdots,{f}^{-1}(U_\eta),\underline{{f}^{0}(U_\eta)},\cdots,{f}^{n}(U_\eta),\cdots\})$
$=\bigcap\limits_{\eta=0}^{j}\{\cdots,{f}^{-n}(f(U_\eta)),\cdots,{f}^{-1}(f(U_\eta)),\underline{{f}^{0}(f(U_\eta))},\cdots,{f}^{n}(f(U_\eta)),\cdots\}$
$=\bigcap\limits_{\eta=0}^{j}\{\cdots,{f}^{-(n-1)}(f(U_\eta)),\cdots,{f}^{-1}(f(U_\eta)),\underline{f(U_\eta)}, f^2(U_\eta),\cdots,{f}^{n+1}(U_\eta),\cdots\}$
that is $m(\bigcap\limits_{\eta=0}^{j}L_f(U_\eta))=
(\bigcap\limits_{\eta=0}^{j}L_f(f(U_\eta))),$
loss no generally let $j=0$, get $L_f(f(U_0))=m(L_f(U_0)),$
$(i),m=0,1$, the conclusion is trivial,
$(ii),m=2$, exist $U\subseteq f^{-1}(f(U_0))$,$U\nsubseteq U_0 $ and $U_0\nsubseteq U$, $U_0,U$ are non-empty open subsets.
else $f^{-1}(f(U_0))=U_0$,i.e.$L_f(f(U_0))=(L_f(U_0))=2(L_f(U_0))$, while $G$ is a free group,this is a contradict.
by the property of Hausdorff space,$U\nsubseteq U_0 $ and $U_0\nsubseteq U$,$U_0,U$ is open subsets, so exist points $x\in U_0,x\notin U,y\in U,y\notin U_0$ and open neighborhoods $O(x)$ of $x$,$O(y)$ of $y$, where $O(x)\in U_0,O(x)\notin U$ and $O(y)\in U,O(y)\notin U_0$, i.e.,$O(x),O(y)\subseteq f^{-1}(f(U_0))$, $O(x)\bigcap O(y)=\emptyset$.
so when $m=2$ the conclusion is true.
$(iii)m\geq3$,
by induction,when $m=n-1$ the conclusion is right,look $m=n$,
using $lemma~\ref{27}$,hence $m=p+q,p\neq q,L_f(f(U_0))=p(L_f(U_0))+q(L_f(U_0))$,
let $f|_{U_0}=h+g,L_h(f(U_0))=p(L_f(U_0)),L_g(f(U_0))=q(L_f(U_0))$,
get $L_f(f(U_0))=L_h(f(U_0))\bigoplus L_g(f(U_0))$,
else $h^{-1}(f(U_0))\bigcap g^{-1}(f(U_0))=W\neq\emptyset$, then $p(L_f(W))=q(L_f(W))$,but $p\neq q$ contradict with the property of free group.
so $p,q\leq n-1$,for the induction,
exist $\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
h^{-1}(f(U_0))\supseteq U_{0i},U_{0j},& U_{0i}\bigcap U_{0j}=\emptyset,1\leq i,j\leq p,\\
g^{-1}(f(U_0))\supseteq U_{1k},U_{1l} & U_{1k}\bigcap U_{1l}=\emptyset,1\leq k,l\leq q,\\
\end{array}
\right.$
where $U_{0i},U_{0j},U_{1k},U_{1l}$ is non-empty open subset.
with $L_f(f(U_0))=L_h(f(U_0))\bigoplus L_g(f(U_0))$
get $f^{-1}(f(U_0))\supseteq U_i,U_j$ and $U_i\bigcap U_j=\emptyset ,1\leq i,j\leq m,U_i$ is non-empty open subset,
has a mapping $f^{-1}(f(U_0))\xrightarrow{}\{U_k$ is non-empty open subset$|U_i\bigcap U_j=\emptyset,1\leq i,j,k\leq m\}$,
and can get a $m$-symbolic space $S_m$ or its $L_d=m$,
so $L_{f}(U_0)$ has a factor conjunct a shift operator on $S_m$ or its $L_d=m$,
so when $m=n$ the conclusion is right,in the end the conclusion is right for any eigenvalue $m,0\leq m\in Z$.
\[29\] After topological fiber entropy ,the Topological Entropy Conjecture is true on compact Hausdorff space $X$,i.e., $ent(f_L)\geq\sup\|E_{f_*{H_*(X;G)}}\|$.
following $lemma~\ref{28}$ we get:
$ent(f_L)\geq ent(f_L,\dot L_(\alpha))\geq\log \| E_{f_*C_*(X,f;G)}\|\geq\log \| E_{f_*C_*(X;G)}\|\geq\log \| E_{f_*H_*(X;G)}\|$.
\[30\] $ent(f_L)\geq ent(f)$,inequality can be strict inequality.
\[31\] $ent(I_L)=ent(I)=0$,$I$ is identical mapping.
\[32\] In the sense of $\check{C}ech$ cohomology,Topological Fiber Entropy is true on compact Hausdorff space $X$, i.e., $ent(f_L)\geq\log\| E_{f^*\check H^*}\|$, where $\check H^*$ is $\check{C}ech$ cohomology group,$f^*$ is induced by $f$ on $\check{C}ech$ cohomology group.
$theorem~\ref{12}$,$H_{(n-p)}(X;G)\cong \check H^{p}(X;G)$.
\[33\] let $G=Z$,then $\check{C}ech$ $p$th cohomology group and $\check{C}ech$ $p$th homology group is isomorphic, i.e.,$\check{H}^p(X,Z)\cong{H}_p(X,Z)$.
\[34\] In the sense of compact triangulable manifold space of $n$-dimension, Topological Fiber Entropy is true to homology group, i.e., $ent(f_L)\geq\log\| E_{f_*H_*(X;Z)}\|$, where $H_*(X;Z)$ is homology group.
$Poincar\acute{e}$ Theorem$^{[2]P_{474}}$ is valid on the compact homology $n-$ dimension manifold of triangulable, topology manifold is a subclass of homology manifold$^{[2]P_{462}}$.
[99]{}M.Shub,Dynamical System,fitrations and entropy,Bull.Amer.Math.Soc.80(1974),27-41. James R£®Munkres,Elements of Algebraic Topology,Science Press,Peking,China,2006. Frank W.Anderson and Kent R.Fuller,Rings and Categories of Modules,Springer-Verlag,2nd,New York,USA,1992. A.B.Katok,A conjecture about Entropy,Amer.Math.Soc.Transl(2)Vol.133,1986,pp,8,$^{[5]}$Theorem3. Charles Pugh,On the entrony conjecture:a report on conversations among R.bowen,M.Hirsch,A.Manning,C.Pugh,B.Sanderson,M.Shub,and R.Williams,in$^{[6]}$,pp,257-261. Anthony Manning[editor]{},Dymnamical systems-Warwick1974 (Proc.Sympos., Coventry, 1973/1974,Presented to E.C.Zeeman on His Fiftieth Birthday),Lecture Notes in Math,vol.468,Springger-Verlag,1975. B.L.van der Waerden,Algebra,Springer-Verlag New York,Inc.,1991 Peter Walters,An Introduction to Ergodic Theory,Springer-Verlag New York,Inc.,1982.
[^1]: E-mail:luoll12@mails.jlu.edu.cn,Adrress:Mathematics School,Jilin University-South District,ChangChun,130012,People’s Republic of China.
| 2024-01-04T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/1646 |
This has probably been addressed somewhere, but I can't seem to find any relevant threads. Someone in another forum I frequent opined that message boards are dying, and that other forms of social media are becoming more and more popular. Obvious examples include Facebook, Google+, Twitter, Tumblr, etc. So my question is, what other Eva communities are out there? Are any comparable in size or larger than EGF? What sort of activity do they have? What are they like?
I don't think EGF's going anywhere in the foreseeable future, but it wouldn't hurt to see what other communities are out there.
For my post-3I fic, go here.The law doesn't protect people. People protect the law. -- Akane Tsunemori, Psycho-PassPeople's deaths are to be mourned. The ability to save people should be celebrated. Life itself should be exalted. -- Volken Macmani, Tatakau Shisho: The Book of BantorraI hate myself. But maybe I can learn to love myself. Maybe it's okay for me to be here! That's right! I'm me, nothing more, nothing less! I'm me. I want to be me! I want to be here! And it's okay for me to be here! -- Shinji Ikari, Neon Genesis EvangelionYes, I know. You thought it would be something about Asuka. You're such idiots.
Interested in this myself, when I got into Eva a number of years ago this was pretty much the primary place for anything (Although it was EvaMonkey when I first signed up), there was also EvaMade which had a pretty nice little community, the FanFiction.net community seemed fairly nice too. I don't really think there is a community around anymore like this one for Eva.
Tumblr has a fairly active/big Eva fandom but it isn't really the same as the sort of community you'd get here. It's fun and I do enjoy using it but it isn't the same as being part of a community like this one.
jcmoorehead wrote:Tumblr has a fairly active/big Eva fandom but it isn't really the same as the sort of community you'd get here. It's fun and I do enjoy using it but it isn't the same as being part of a community like this one.
Oh God, anywhere but there!
There's always 4chan.
In all seriousness, don't Anime message boards, if they're big enough, have sub-forums that deal with a specific type of anime or a particular show? I'd figure you can find Eva communities there.
The Reddit one has three times as many members as EGF; I have no information on the relative activity.
But to address the starting point, that message boards are dying... well, I see no sign of it. The flightier kind of members may well flit to the latest social media format, but there are plenty of people who prefer the way these communities work. Even if this kind of forum reduces from its peak, that's not necessarily a failure - people can easily get too hung up on modest changes.
There was another modest-sized forum ("Revolution of Evangelion") that was started by V (for those who remember him). That died a couple of years back when V left the fandom following the release of Q. Some other members started a successor which remains very small, but there are several members who run panels at cons, and do a regular Eva discussion podcast as well. I am somewhat active there, as is one other EGF member.
"Being human, having your health; that's what's important."(from: Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi )"As long as we're all living, and as long as we're all having fun, that should do it, right?"(from: The Eccentric Family )Avatar: "It was yourself you ran away from" - episode 16. (details); Past avatars.Can't wait for 3.0+1.0? - try Afterwards... my post-Q Evangelion fanfic (discussion)
Bagheera wrote:Someone in another forum I frequent opined that message boards are dying, and that other forms of social media are becoming more and more popular.
Are any comparable in size or larger than EGF? What sort of activity do they have? What are they like?
Nuclear Lunchbox wrote:There's a Reddit Evangelion board which I'm pretty sure Aaron has something to do with, although I can't say I know anything about its inner workings-- I don't spend time there.
pwhodges wrote:The Reddit one has three times as many members as EGF; I have no information on the relative activity.
http://reddit.com/r/evangelion/
I got into Reddit around the time that Eva Geeks was established, but it wasn't until about two years ago that I started frequenting the Evangelion subreddit. Currently, I am a moderator there.
Reddit has changed significantly in the past seven years I've been a redditor. And the Evangelion community there has grown significantly, and while it's a bit like comparing apples to oranges, I must say that the Evangelion subreddit is, mathematically, a larger community. There are over 16k subscribers, and the subreddit's stats tell me that it exceeds 35k unique visitors per month, and gets over 250k page views per month. I wish I could get a stat on posts/comments, to compare to our own stats on threads/posts.
The Evangelion subreddit is more about bits of content, than ongoing, or even detailed discussion. There's also less memory. Users and topics don't really stand out. It's all about the now. It's also a waypoint for new fans. Frequent topics include people who want to get into the show, and need guidance. People want to know what DVD set to buy. People want to know where in the hell Evangelion 3.33 is. Fandom also stands out a lot more to me, as opposed to discussing aspects of the show.
I must say, the subreddit has become my destination for Eva fandom in recent times. I've lost interest in discussion and trying to explain things, and am more content to just explore the fandom. Plus, it suits my short attention span.
I also believe this forum isn't going to go anywhere. Keep in mind that we do have somewhat of a good reputation among the anime community. When 3.0 came out in theaters, people who were not formal members were coming here to find any news about it (what was the final tally that day?), and I know it will happen again when the final movie comes out.
cyharding wrote:Keep in mind that we do have somewhat of a good reputation among the anime community.
I didn't get this impression during my time on certain image boards, but, then, the magic of being anonymous is that it's easier than ever for a vocal minority to seem much bigger than it actually is...
Reichu wrote:I didn't get this impression during my time on certain image boards, but, then, the magic of being anonymous is that it's easier than ever for a vocal minority to seem much bigger than it actually is...
Yeah, Evageeks really is the butt of all jokes in the 4chan Eva threads. Most have a very low opinion from what I've seen. Though on the topic of 4chan and Eva, many of them are just shitposters and waifu war combatants. However, some good discussion does takes place from time to time if you can get past all that other junk.
4chan's not a good indicator of much of anything, though. Some of the loudest EGF detractors there are people who've been banned from EGF, so they're not exactly reliable sources.
And of course, it's also worth keeping in mind that 4chan itself is the butt of jokes, well, everywhere.
For my post-3I fic, go here.The law doesn't protect people. People protect the law. -- Akane Tsunemori, Psycho-PassPeople's deaths are to be mourned. The ability to save people should be celebrated. Life itself should be exalted. -- Volken Macmani, Tatakau Shisho: The Book of BantorraI hate myself. But maybe I can learn to love myself. Maybe it's okay for me to be here! That's right! I'm me, nothing more, nothing less! I'm me. I want to be me! I want to be here! And it's okay for me to be here! -- Shinji Ikari, Neon Genesis EvangelionYes, I know. You thought it would be something about Asuka. You're such idiots.
Don't bother trying to discuss Eva on 4chan, it's a total waste. I'm in an Eva thread right now with two idiots telling me I am "literally the holocaust denier of the Eva fandom" for telling them to get over their delusion that Rei Q is Anno's deliberate persecution of Rei's fans.
That's right, Rei Q = the holocaust.
Someday I hope that we'll be reunited if that is what's destined to be. Perhaps we'll discover that elusive bible. And then we will finally be free!
Hmm so that's why I saw the one Youtube comment not so long ago saying something on the lines of... "Evageeks are full of radicals that drove Amanda Winn Lee from the fandom, etc."Could see a 4chan user same something like that, definitely if they have a low opinion of our community. No doubt that the past hasn't helped with that either, but that's for another thread, and an easy topic to look up on EGF.
"I'm not going there to die, I'm going to find out if I'm really alive." - Spike Spiegel
That's a good example of what I was talking about earlier; AWL left because of exactly one radical, and we banned his ass for three years as a result. Virtually no one on the forum at the time was happy with that situation, and for good reason -- it was a really shitty situation. But of course a disgruntled user isn't going to take note of that fact, which leads to the nonsense you described.
For my post-3I fic, go here.The law doesn't protect people. People protect the law. -- Akane Tsunemori, Psycho-PassPeople's deaths are to be mourned. The ability to save people should be celebrated. Life itself should be exalted. -- Volken Macmani, Tatakau Shisho: The Book of BantorraI hate myself. But maybe I can learn to love myself. Maybe it's okay for me to be here! That's right! I'm me, nothing more, nothing less! I'm me. I want to be me! I want to be here! And it's okay for me to be here! -- Shinji Ikari, Neon Genesis EvangelionYes, I know. You thought it would be something about Asuka. You're such idiots.
BlueBasilisk wrote:Don't bother trying to discuss Eva on 4chan, it's a total waste. I'm in an Eva thread right now with two idiots telling me I am "literally the holocaust denier of the Eva fandom" for telling them to get over their delusion that Rei Q is Anno's deliberate persecution of Rei's fans.
That's right, Rei Q = the holocaust.
I can't really evaluate your post. Maybe because im not native speaking english person. But to me Rei!Ha and Rei!Q are the attempt from Anno to show us that Rei isn't the (with the terms of half and 8chan) the best waifu. He knew this would draw attention but it is way better than NGE!Rei. Because this Rei is really dead. Not like Rei!Ha. Rei!Q is in a sense the thing Anno was thinking about the Rei-fandom. So correct me if i'm wrong and can't comprehend your comment, but everything was better than NGE (in terms of Rei). Rei-fans deserve what they got - liking a doll brings you a doll (Rei!Q). | 2023-10-31T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6558 |
14 F.3d 58
Perryv.Singletary*
NO. 93-2232
United States Court of Appeals,Eleventh Circuit.
Jan 20, 1994
1
Appeal From: M.D.Fla.
2
AFFIRMED.
*
Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 11th Cir.R. 34-3
| 2023-09-13T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9314 |
/*
* Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
* You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* A copy of the License is located at
*
* http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
*
* or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
* on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
* express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
/*
* Do not modify this file. This file is generated from the servicecatalog-2015-12-10.normal.json service model.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using Amazon.ServiceCatalog.Model;
using Amazon.Runtime;
using Amazon.Runtime.Internal;
using Amazon.Runtime.Internal.Transform;
using Amazon.Runtime.Internal.Util;
using ThirdParty.Json.LitJson;
namespace Amazon.ServiceCatalog.Model.Internal.MarshallTransformations
{
/// <summary>
/// Response Unmarshaller for DescribeServiceAction operation
/// </summary>
public class DescribeServiceActionResponseUnmarshaller : JsonResponseUnmarshaller
{
/// <summary>
/// Unmarshaller the response from the service to the response class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override AmazonWebServiceResponse Unmarshall(JsonUnmarshallerContext context)
{
DescribeServiceActionResponse response = new DescribeServiceActionResponse();
context.Read();
int targetDepth = context.CurrentDepth;
while (context.ReadAtDepth(targetDepth))
{
if (context.TestExpression("ServiceActionDetail", targetDepth))
{
var unmarshaller = ServiceActionDetailUnmarshaller.Instance;
response.ServiceActionDetail = unmarshaller.Unmarshall(context);
continue;
}
}
return response;
}
/// <summary>
/// Unmarshaller error response to exception.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <param name="innerException"></param>
/// <param name="statusCode"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override AmazonServiceException UnmarshallException(JsonUnmarshallerContext context, Exception innerException, HttpStatusCode statusCode)
{
var errorResponse = JsonErrorResponseUnmarshaller.GetInstance().Unmarshall(context);
errorResponse.InnerException = innerException;
errorResponse.StatusCode = statusCode;
var responseBodyBytes = context.GetResponseBodyBytes();
using (var streamCopy = new MemoryStream(responseBodyBytes))
using (var contextCopy = new JsonUnmarshallerContext(streamCopy, false, null))
{
if (errorResponse.Code != null && errorResponse.Code.Equals("ResourceNotFoundException"))
{
return ResourceNotFoundExceptionUnmarshaller.Instance.Unmarshall(contextCopy, errorResponse);
}
}
return new AmazonServiceCatalogException(errorResponse.Message, errorResponse.InnerException, errorResponse.Type, errorResponse.Code, errorResponse.RequestId, errorResponse.StatusCode);
}
private static DescribeServiceActionResponseUnmarshaller _instance = new DescribeServiceActionResponseUnmarshaller();
internal static DescribeServiceActionResponseUnmarshaller GetInstance()
{
return _instance;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the singleton.
/// </summary>
public static DescribeServiceActionResponseUnmarshaller Instance
{
get
{
return _instance;
}
}
}
} | 2024-03-25T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2320 |
Ñico Lora
Francisco Antonio Lora Cabrera (1880, Maizal, Santiago–1971, Bisonó (Navarrete)) popularly known as Ñico Lora was a Dominican folk musician considered as one of the fathers of merengue.
Early life
His grandfather, Félix Lunnaux, was a soldier that came with Charles Leclerc’s expedition in 1802.
When he was a child, he learned how to play the button accordion.
Career
Though he was not educated in music theory, he reached a high level of success for his endeavors. His most important songs were San Antonio, Tingo Talango, Eres La Mujer Más Bella, Pedrito Chávez and San Francisco. These songs still stand in time as an essential part of the musical roots of the Dominican people.
He was a great supplier of anonymous melodies that are kept like a cultural good of the Dominican nation.
Death and legacy
Ñico Lora died on April 9, 1971 in the town of Bisonó (Navarrete), where there is a plaza called "La Plaza de la Cultura Ñico Lora" which was built in 1997 to honor his achievements and contributions to Dominican music. A statue in his memory was raised in Santiago in 2007.
Sources
"Los cien músicos del siglo", (published in 2000 by "Cañabrava", in Santo Domingo and written by "Antonio Gómez Sotolongo" )in Spanish.
http://orgullosdenavarrete.blogspot.com/2008/09/biografia-de-ico-lora.html
Category:1858 births
Category:1971 deaths
Category:Dominican Republic musicians
Category:Accordionists
Category:Merengue musicians
Category:People from Santiago Province (Dominican Republic) | 2024-04-25T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4427 |
Hot Topics:
Shots just wouldn't fall for North Middlesex
By George Cameron, Correspondent
Updated:
03/10/2014 10:49:19 AM EDT
AMHERST -- On Thursday night it seemed as if the fourth-seeded North Middlesex Patriots had all of the comforts of home with them in the Curry Hicks Cage -- but in the end, a win simply was not in the cards.
Longmeadow 54, North Middlesex 31
A sizzling second half from top-seeded Longmeadow sent the Patriots reeling in a 54-31 Division 2 Western Mass. semifinal loss at UMass Amherst.
"We gained momentum at the end of the half and gained the lead," North Middlesex coach Erik Dellasanta said. "We never gained traction from that point. We talked a lot this season about closing halves and closing quarters and getting momentum on our side, I never felt like we got that traction going."
In the final 7:30 of the first half, the Patriots did not make a field goal and hit just a pair of their four free throws in the stretch. Daniel Kofman and Mike Lemke scored 12 points each for the Lancers.
Welcome to your discussion forum: Sign in with a Disqus account or your social networking account for your comment to be posted immediately, provided it meets the guidelines. (READ HOW.)
Comments made here are the sole responsibility of the person posting them; these comments do not reflect the opinion of The Sun. So keep it civil. | 2024-01-23T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2380 |
A general guide for varicose veins
Though we may all have heard of varicose veins before, it isn’t until you experience the symptoms that you’re likely to have paid much interest to understanding them. In this short guide we’ll be explaining what varicose veins are, whether and when you should seek treatment, your treatment options, as well as recovery after treatment.
Varicose Veins
varicose veins are large, visible, engorged looking veins which usually have a blue, purple, or reddish hue to them. Varicose veins are usually found on the legs.
Causes
There are many different factors which can contribute to the development of varicose veins, however the main factor is simply ageing. The veins in our hands and legs often have the tricky task of pumping blood uphill because of elevated pressure, and as a result, they are strained considerably more than other veins in the body. As we age, these veins become swollen and more prominent, and varicose veins can develop.
Another major factor in the development of varicose veins is pregnancy, or significant weight gain and loss.
Treatment
You should seek treatment for your varicose vein if it:
is painful
Changes colour significantly
Bleeds
Comes up in a rash or you develop ulcers
There are several treatment options available, among the most successful and common practices are Ablation, Sclerotherapy, and Phlebectomy. Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure using heat to seal close the damaged vein. Sclerotherapy is used for smaller varicose veins, whereby a small injection of liquid is used to reduce the local swelling. Often Sclerotherapy is assisted with use of ultrasound as a means of locating the damage.
A Phlebectomy is the primary treatment used for larger varicose veins. A Phlebectomy involves removing the vein through incisions made in the skin.
Recovery
Recovery for both minor and major treatments is usually fast, and without complication. These treatments are now very common and both kinds of treatment record exceptionally high rates of success with minor risks associated with them. | 2023-08-08T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4576 |
Wham Bam Thank You Scam
I’m always bemused to read of people being taken in by foreign scams. The advent of the internet with easy access to credible fronts and simple international money transfers has only made things more perilous for those who might be inclined to trust a stranger with their money. Much as you’d think that by now there can’t be anyone in the developed world who is not on alert for scammers, there seems to be an infinite supply of those willing to take risks for one reason or another.
Keith Jones is not your typical victim though. Not only does he not fit the usual gullible profile, he went to extraordinary lengths to try to track the people who scammed him down. He’s made a movie of his journey which makes fascinating viewing. The story has no happy ending though and should serve as a clear warning that it’s not just we as individuals who are powerless in the face of organised international scams, but how equally powerless the institutions we usually rely upon are. | 2023-10-22T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2220 |
A knowledge cookie can be used for fast comparisons with other knowledge objects by using ISyncKnowledge2::CompareToKnowledgeCookie when the performance of the comparison operation is especially important. | 2023-09-30T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6916 |
/******************************************************************************
* Copyright 2018 The Apollo Authors. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*****************************************************************************/
#include "modules/canbus/vehicle/gem/protocol/steering_motor_rpt_2_74.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
#include "modules/drivers/canbus/common/byte.h"
#include "modules/drivers/canbus/common/canbus_consts.h"
namespace apollo {
namespace canbus {
namespace gem {
using ::apollo::drivers::canbus::Byte;
Steeringmotorrpt274::Steeringmotorrpt274() {}
const int32_t Steeringmotorrpt274::ID = 0x74;
void Steeringmotorrpt274::Parse(const std::uint8_t* bytes, int32_t length,
ChassisDetail* chassis) const {
chassis->mutable_gem()
->mutable_steering_motor_rpt_2_74()
->set_encoder_temperature(encoder_temperature(bytes, length));
chassis->mutable_gem()
->mutable_steering_motor_rpt_2_74()
->set_motor_temperature(motor_temperature(bytes, length));
chassis->mutable_gem()->mutable_steering_motor_rpt_2_74()->set_angular_speed(
angular_speed(bytes, length));
}
// config detail: {'name': 'encoder_temperature', 'offset': -40.0,
// 'precision': 1.0, 'len': 16, 'is_signed_var': True, 'physical_range':
// '[-32808|32727]', 'bit': 7, 'type': 'int', 'order': 'motorola',
// 'physical_unit': 'deg C'}
int Steeringmotorrpt274::encoder_temperature(const std::uint8_t* bytes,
int32_t length) const {
Byte t0(bytes + 0);
int32_t x = t0.get_byte(0, 8);
Byte t1(bytes + 1);
int32_t t = t1.get_byte(0, 8);
x <<= 8;
x |= t;
x <<= 16;
x >>= 16;
int ret = x + -40;
return ret;
}
// config detail: {'name': 'motor_temperature', 'offset': -40.0,
// 'precision': 1.0, 'len': 16, 'is_signed_var': True, 'physical_range':
// '[-32808|32727]', 'bit': 23, 'type': 'int', 'order': 'motorola',
// 'physical_unit': 'deg C'}
int Steeringmotorrpt274::motor_temperature(const std::uint8_t* bytes,
int32_t length) const {
Byte t0(bytes + 2);
int32_t x = t0.get_byte(0, 8);
Byte t1(bytes + 3);
int32_t t = t1.get_byte(0, 8);
x <<= 8;
x |= t;
x <<= 16;
x >>= 16;
int ret = x + -40;
return ret;
}
// config detail: {'name': 'angular_speed', 'offset': 0.0, 'precision': 0.001,
// 'len': 32, 'is_signed_var': True, 'physical_range':
// '[-2147483.648|2147483.647]', 'bit': 39, 'type': 'double', 'order':
// 'motorola', 'physical_unit': 'rev/s'}
double Steeringmotorrpt274::angular_speed(const std::uint8_t* bytes,
int32_t length) const {
Byte t0(bytes + 4);
int32_t x = t0.get_byte(0, 8);
Byte t1(bytes + 5);
int32_t t = t1.get_byte(0, 8);
x <<= 8;
x |= t;
Byte t2(bytes + 6);
t = t2.get_byte(0, 8);
x <<= 8;
x |= t;
Byte t3(bytes + 7);
t = t3.get_byte(0, 8);
x <<= 8;
x |= t;
x <<= 0;
x >>= 0;
double ret = x * 0.001000;
return ret;
}
} // namespace gem
} // namespace canbus
} // namespace apollo
| 2024-01-28T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8398 |
Synergistic effect of IgG4 antibody and CTLs causes tissue inflammation in IgG4-related disease.
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by multiorgan irreversible damage resulting from tissue-specific infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, whether IgG4 antibody (Ab) contributes to the inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model enables to evaluate the pathogenic function of IgG4 Abs in response to a tissue-specific autoantigen using recombinant OVA-specific human IgG4 monoclonal Ab (rOVA-hIgG4 mAb) and the mice expressing OVA of the pancreatic islet (RIP-mOVA mice). We found no inflammatory effect of rOVA-hIgG4 mAb transfer alone, however, co-transfer with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD8 CTLs (OT-I T cells) induced a tissue damage with dense lymphocytic inflammation in the pancreas of RIP-mOVA mice. rOVA-hIgG4 mAb caused accumulation of conventional DC1 cells (cDC1s) in the lymphoid tissues, and the DCs activated the OT-I T cells via cross-presentation. We also revealed that the synergistic effects of CTLs and Abs were observed in the other subclasses including the endogenous Abs if they recognized the same antigen. The transfer of OVA-specific CD4 helper T cells (OT-II T cells) into RIP-mOVA mice induced the production of anti-OVA Ab, which had the synergistic effect, through acquisition of T follicular helper (TFH) phenotype. Moreover, using OT-II T cells deficient in Bcl6 caused less anti-OVA Abs production and inflammation with OT-I T cells. Our results indicated that autoreactive IgG4 Abs play an important role of the tissue-specific CTL response in IgG4-RD. | 2024-07-30T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8901 |
One Year After Women’s March, Far more Activism but Significantly less Unity
Amber Selman-Lynn wanted to assist plan a women’s march in Mobile, Ala., this month to mark the first anniversary of last year’s huge protests across the nation. The day had been important for her.
With no expertise in political activism, she had helped organize a bus complete of women to go from Mobile to Washington. Soon after they came back from the euphoric trip, they formed a group known as Mobile Marchers that met month-to-month. They spoke up for the Reasonably priced Care Act at town-hall-style meetings, and knocked on doors for the Alabama Senate candidate Doug Jones, the Democrat who beat Roy S. Moore in a gorgeous victory last month.
But when Ms. Selman-Lynn attempted to register her anniversary occasion on the site for Women’s March Inc., the higher-profile group formed by the organizers of last year’s occasion in Washington, she received an uncommon letter. It mentioned that whilst the group was “supportive of any efforts to create our collective energy as ladies,” it asked that she “not promote your event as a ‘Women’s March’ action.”
“It’s sort of silly,” Ms. Selman-Lynn mentioned. “We are clearly the women’s march in Mobile.”
The Women’s March a year ago aimed to commence a movement of women from all walks of life who would continue their activism long following they had gone home.
In a lot of approaches, that objective has been realized. In the wake of the march on Washington — and simultaneous marches in more than 600 towns and cities across the country — thousands of ladies threw themselves into activism for the 1st time in their lives, specially in red states where the events offered a rare opportunity to build a network of like-minded men and women.
In Texas, emails collected by the organizers of the Women’s March in Austin are becoming repurposed to market candidates who help abortion rights. In Arkansas, Gwen Combs, the elementary schoolteacher who organized the Tiny Rock march, is now running for Congress. Thousands of girls in October attended a convention in Detroit education them on almost everything from lobbying elected officials to confronting white supremacy.
But as the movement evolves, differing priorities and tactics have emerged amongst the ladies, practically all of them unpaid and spread across the nation. Now, on the eve of the anniversary, a rift is emerging between two groups: Women’s March Inc., which organized the march on Washington and spent much of the year making a lot more social justice protests, and one more organization of activists who planned sister marches final year and think that winning elections, particularly in red states, ought to be the primary objective. The split has raised concerns about who can claim the mantle of the Women’s March — and the funding and press consideration that goes with it.
The newer group, named March On, formed after some female activists in red states felt the protests becoming encouraged by Women’s March Inc., which is primarily based in New York, had been not resonating in their communities.
Amber Selman-Lynn and her fellow activists produced indicators for their upcoming anniversary march. “On the regional level we’re nonetheless right here performing the operate,” stated Ms. Selman-Lynn, who helped organize a bus to attend the Women’s March in D.C.CreditMelissa Golden for The New York Times
“We can march and take to the streets and yell about all the stuff we want to adjust, but unless we’re obtaining men and women elected to office who are going to make these alterations, we’re not truly performing something,” said Lindsey Kanaly, who organized the women’s march in Oklahoma City and is now a March On board member.
The group is now focused on assisting progressive females in Republican-led districts organize ahead of the pivotal midterm elections this year.
Mindful of the optics of dividing the movement, March On founders describe the organization as a complement, not a competitor, to Women’s March Inc. Both groups have refrained from criticizing the other in public. But behind the scenes, there has been some frustration.
Winnie Wong, a Women’s March Inc. volunteer and adviser, wrote recently in a public Facebook post that March On “seems like an ill-conceived attempt at organized co-selection.”
“Somebody got to tell the truth!” replied Tamika Mallory, a co-president of Women’s March Inc.
Bob Bland, also a co-president, mentioned the new group was “welcome in the resistance.” But she noted that its creation had led to “a lot of confusion” among activists on the ground who did not understand that it was a separate entity.
“That’s why it is so crucial for new groups coming into this movement, like March On, to make certain they have distinct branding and messaging that is particular to them and their group that does not seem as if it is straight Women’s March connected,” Ms. Bland stated.
Ms. Selman-Lynn in Mobile had been unaware of the difference between the two groups and organized her occasion using on the web tools from March On. To satisfy Women’s March Inc., she reprinted her banner to eliminate March On’s slogan, “March On the Polls.”
It was a minor inconvenience, she said. But she hopes the two groups will operate collectively in the future.
The organizers of the march in Washington chose leaders from communities that have historically been ignored by mainstream feminist groups. From left, the national co-chairwomen are Tamika Mallory, Linda Sarsour, Bob Bland and Carmen Perez.CreditTodd Heisler/The New York Occasions
“The Women’s March is actually iconic and of course we want to be a portion of that,” she mentioned. “But March On has a great tool kit. Most of us have in no way accomplished this prior to. We need all the guidance we can get.”
The dispute over branding gives a glimpse of how significantly has changed considering that ad hoc committees of volunteers put collectively the marches in the weeks after President Trump’s election.
The marches grew out of a Facebook post by a lady in Hawaii who floated the idea, attracting widespread interest. A core group of organizers in New York City planned the march on Washington, although hundreds of other females organized comparable marches in their own communities.
The organizers of the march in Washington produced a point of choosing leaders from communities who have historically been ignored by mainstream feminist groups. Of the 4 national co-chairwomen of the Washington march, 3 had been minorities. But the group’s leadership had really little geographic diversity. Nearly all of the board members of Women’s March Inc. are from New York City.
After the march, Women’s March Inc. employed its strong platform to advance social justice causes, urging marchers to hold conversations about racial injustice, protest the deportation of undocumented immigrants, attend vigils for Syria and participate in a national strike referred to as A Day With out Women. Women’s March Inc. activists mentioned they saw social justice protests as critical to forming powerful and diverse coalitions.
However several of their protests failed to catch on in red states.
“What they are performing is wonderful, but it’s hard to tap into here,” Kelly Smith, a librarian from Berea Kentucky who organized buses from Kentucky to Washington for the march final year. A general strike could not function in Kentucky, a state exactly where numerous females rely on hourly wages and do not have union protections, she said.
Females “would have come back to operate the subsequent day and had no job,” she said. “I can’t be on board with that.”
Kentuckians have other urgent priorities, like saving the pensions of public-college teachers that had been reduce by a conservative governor, she stated.
Jaquie Algee, a March On board member, posed for a portrait following a arranging meeting for the 2018 “March on the Polls” event in Chicago.CreditAlyssa Schukar for The New York Instances
In Texas, Melissa Fiero, who helped organize a march of 100,000 people in Austin, mentioned her group had not participated in any of the protests urged by Women’s March Inc. Alternatively, it has focused on advertising Democrats for nearby office.
“The requirements are diverse from Texas to New York,” said Ms. Fiero, who lives in the rural community of Oatmeal. “A woman’s appropriate to choose is consistently below assault in Texas.”
Both Ms. Kelly and Ms. Fiero have chosen to affiliate with March On.
The aim of March On is to take a “bottom-up” approach that can draw ladies in rural places, said Jaquie Algee, who helped plan the Women’s March in Chicago and now serves as the board chairwoman of March On.
“We wanted to make confident that females in red states who require the most help are in positions of leadership,” stated Ms. Algee, who is also an organizer in Kansas, Indiana and Missouri for the Service Workers International Union. Ms. Algee, who is black, stated that March On also “strives continually” for racial diversity in its leadership. Three out of 13 board members are minorities.
Ms. Bland disputes claims that Women’s March Inc. has had difficulty in conservative places. “Red states are where there’s truly the most activity,” she stated. “We’re right here to facilitate the vision of the actual state organizers and the grass-roots groups that are performing the perform.”
March On’s founders say the group grew out of weekly conference calls held by the organizers of sister marches as they swapped ideas on applying for permits, discovering sponsors and obtaining event insurance. Soon after the marches, they met for the very first time at a retreat and decided to kind a new organization that would concentrate on giving organizers tools to assist win elections.
In October, March On started an initiative known as March on the Polls, which urges regional activists to use the anniversary to support register and educate voters in advance of the midterm elections.
Two months later, in December, Women’s March Inc. announced its personal campaign called “Energy to the Polls,” with an opening rally in Las Vegas on Jan. 21.
Sara Kurensky, an activist in Chicago, spoke to volunteers as they planned an anniversary occasion.CreditAlyssa Schukar for The New York Occasions
Women’s March Inc. has struggled to bring the decentralized women’s march movement beneath its umbrella.
Ahead of the march, the Women’s March logo, developed by Nicole LaRue, a designer who worked pro bono, was shared freely with groups all over the globe. Because then, Women’s March Inc. has tried to exert higher handle over who can use it.
Canadian activists who held marches in solidarity with the Women’s March on Washington have been outraged when American activists with Women’s March Inc. in New York registered the name Women’s March Canada and appointed a board without consulting them.
“We believe our network has shown itself to be exceptional custodians of the Women’s March spirit and ethos, and respectfully request the time and space to prepare a plan to move ahead in unity and solidarity,” they wrote in an open letter to national co-chairwomen of the Women’s March on Washington.
Following they did not get a response, they renamed themselves March On Canada and developed the Twitter hashtag #DontTradeMarkTheMovement. They are now affiliated with, but not controlled by, March On.
Jo Roger, professor of sociology at Oakland University in Michigan, says the feminist movement, like other essential social movements, has constantly had people coming with each other and then breaking apart.
“We consider it looks so chaotic and complete of factions and what it actually appears like is every single other social movement,” Dr. Roger said. “Often those factions end up coming back together later on.”
So far, the split amongst Women’s March and March On has not dampened the enthusiasm for marking the anniversary. A lot of activists in the field stated they had been unaware of the division. Those who are say they seek resources from each organizations: Women’s March Inc. gives a unifying vision and a national spotlight, whilst March On gives on-the-ground help, such as legal tips on applying for nonprofit status.
Several females say the marches final year unleashed a new era of activism and a level of power that shows no sign of flagging. Ms. Selman-Lynn mentioned she merely wanted all the assist she could get to win far more elections for Democrats in Alabama.
“We have a lot of operate to do, convincing individuals that there’s a grass-roots group with a lot of energy who is prepared to perform,” said Ms. Selman-Lynn. “We’ve got a lot of ground to gain right here.” | 2024-03-22T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9978 |
/* ###
* IP: GHIDRA
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
class GetPutStaticTest{
public static boolean testBoolean = true;
public static byte testByte = 1;
public static short testShort = 2;
public static char testChar = 3;
public static int testInt = 4;
public static float testFloat = 1.1f;
public static double testDouble = 2.2;
public static long testLong = 5l;
public static Integer testRef = new Integer(0);
public static int[] test1dArray;
public static int[][] test2dArray;
public static boolean getBoolean(){
return testBoolean;
}
public static void setBoolean(boolean newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testBoolean = newVal;
}
public static byte getByte(){
return testByte;
}
public static void setByte(byte newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testByte = newVal;
}
public static short getShort(){
return testShort;
}
public static void setShort(short newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testShort = newVal;
}
public static char getChar(){
return testChar;
}
public static void setChar(char newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testChar = newVal;
}
public static float getFloat(){
return testFloat;
}
public static void setFloat(float newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testFloat = newVal;
}
public static int getInt(){
return testInt;
}
public static void setInt(int newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testInt = newVal;
}
public static double getDouble(){
return testDouble;
}
public static void setDouble(double newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testDouble = newVal;
}
public static long getLong(){
return testLong;
}
public static void setLong(long newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testLong = newVal;
}
public static Integer getRef(){
return testRef;
}
public static void setRef(Integer newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.testRef = newVal;
}
public static int[] get1dArray(){
return test1dArray;
}
public static void set1dArray(int[] newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.test1dArray = newVal;
}
public static int[][] get2dArray(){
return test2dArray;
}
public static void set2dArray(int[][] newVal){
GetPutStaticTest.test2dArray = newVal;
}
public static int test3Calls(){
return GetPutStaticTest.testInt + GetPutStaticTest.testShort + GetPutStaticTest.testByte;
}
public static int test2Calls(){
return GetPutStaticTest.testInt + GetPutStaticTest.testShort;
}
public static void setFloatConst(){
float test = 2.0f;
GetPutStaticTest.testFloat=test;
}
}
| 2024-07-13T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6004 |
Join the Friends of Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge Inc. along with the Memphremagog Watershed Association for a morning of birding and exploration at the Eagle Point Unit.
Eagle Point, a 420 acre tract of property on the shore of Lake Memphramegog near the town of Newport, became part of the Missisquoi NWR in 2010. The Eagle Point property consists of a mix of upland and wetland habitats including northern hardwood forest, hemlock seepage forest, managed grassland, and a diverse wetland complex formed around Hall’s Creek.
Join refuge volunteer, Greg Simard on a Woodcock Walk at the Stephen Young Marsh area. Woodcock have a unique courtship display that incorporates an aerial display and a ground level calling display that occurs near[...]
Join Friends Board Members Ken Copenhaver and Julie Filiberti for a birding walk on the Maquam/Black Creek Trail! The purpose of these monthly walks is to gather long-term data on the presence of birds, their[...]
The Missisquoi NWR will conduct a Refuge Green Up Day. The refuge will concentrate its efforts on river cleanup activities using refuge boats. Refuge staff will monitor river water levels and flows. Should floodplain water[...] | 2023-08-21T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9282 |
t is the third derivative of 44283*q**6 - 743*q**2 - 1 wrt q?
5313960*q**3
Find the second derivative of 4972634*k**4 - 2*k - 538440.
59671608*k**2
What is the first derivative of -163*b*x**3 + 38*b*x**2 - b*x - 3*x**3 - 6*x + 267 wrt b?
-163*x**3 + 38*x**2 - x
Find the second derivative of 362*q**3 - 139*q**2 + 437016*q - 2 wrt q.
2172*q - 278
What is the first derivative of 4595*a*c**2 - 2*a*c*d**2 - 3*a*c*d + 1149*c**2 + c + 12*d**2 wrt a?
4595*c**2 - 2*c*d**2 - 3*c*d
What is the third derivative of 36*x**4 - 125*x**3 + 23744*x**2 wrt x?
864*x - 750
What is the derivative of q**4 - 79038*q + 108322 wrt q?
4*q**3 - 79038
Find the third derivative of 144360*t**4 - t**3 + 637*t**2 + t - 196.
3464640*t - 6
What is the third derivative of 3056*i**3*k + 47406*i**2*k wrt i?
18336*k
Find the second derivative of 50546*t**2 + 795*t + 1.
101092
Differentiate -70665*h*v + 222539*h with respect to v.
-70665*h
What is the third derivative of 499692*c**4*h**2 + 765448*c**2*h**2 wrt c?
11992608*c*h**2
Find the second derivative of -b**2*h**2*y - 9759*b**2*h*y + 2*b*h**2*y - b*h*y + h**2*y - 1772*h*y + 3 wrt b.
-2*h**2*y - 19518*h*y
Find the second derivative of -6230*s**3*w**3 - 10310*s**3 + 41*s**2*w**2 + 71*s*w - 3*w**2 wrt w.
-37380*s**3*w + 82*s**2 - 6
Find the third derivative of -65555*w**3 + 77323*w**2.
-393330
What is the first derivative of -24*y**3 - 2*y**2 + y - 7129 wrt y?
-72*y**2 - 4*y + 1
What is the third derivative of -4760*b**5*l**2 - 2*b**3*l**2 + 9*b**2*l**2 - 3*b**2*l + 2*b*l**2 + 5*b wrt b?
-285600*b**2*l**2 - 12*l**2
What is the second derivative of -2*x**3 - 99117*x**2 - 925112*x?
-12*x - 198234
Differentiate 26*i**3*q + 41*i**3*w + 2*i**3 + 27238*i**2*q*w - 135*i**2*w - 4*i with respect to q.
26*i**3 + 27238*i**2*w
What is the third derivative of 4*w**4 - 45851*w**3 - 90*w**2 - 1316 wrt w?
96*w - 275106
Differentiate 32670*y**4 - 3*y**3 + 106168 wrt y.
130680*y**3 - 9*y**2
Find the second derivative of -92180*h**2*i - 672*h*i - 52*i wrt h.
-184360*i
Find the second derivative of 217*w**3 - 41*w**2 - 24085*w.
1302*w - 82
Find the second derivative of -1204050*q*x**4 + 209*q - 75*x wrt x.
-14448600*q*x**2
Find the third derivative of -2*d**5 + 27311*d**4 - 12*d**3 - 1320058*d**2 wrt d.
-120*d**2 + 655464*d - 72
Find the second derivative of 44401*r**2 - 35025*r.
88802
Find the first derivative of -2269*l*w**3 + 39*l*w - 126856*l wrt w.
-6807*l*w**2 + 39*l
Find the second derivative of -1443218*d**3 + 363*d - 112.
-8659308*d
Find the second derivative of -189290*b**2 - 156*b - 71 wrt b.
-378580
Differentiate 200*a*s*z + a*v*z - 4*a*v - 246*a*z + 37*s*v - 3*s*z - 12*v - 2*z - 1 wrt s.
200*a*z + 37*v - 3*z
What is the first derivative of 79*a**3*o**3 + 768338*a**3 + 4177*o**2 wrt o?
237*a**3*o**2 + 8354*o
What is the second derivative of 1857269*m**3 + 1836767*m wrt m?
11143614*m
What is the first derivative of -121890*h**3 - 1941738 wrt h?
-365670*h**2
Find the third derivative of 4*g*p**6 + 23936*g*p**3 - 428*g*p**2 - 4*g + 73*p**2 - p wrt p.
480*g*p**3 + 143616*g
Differentiate -881*t**2 + 27*t + 102587.
-1762*t + 27
Find the third derivative of s*w**4 - 3*s*w**3 + 30*s*w**2 + s*w - 136*s - 286*w**5 + w**3 wrt w.
24*s*w - 18*s - 17160*w**2 + 6
Differentiate 2*s**3 - 26*s**2 - 19664*s - 1049278 with respect to s.
6*s**2 - 52*s - 19664
Find the third derivative of -21*a**4*o - 23*a**3*o**3 - 2*a**3 + 80*a**2*o**2 + 603*o**3 wrt a.
-504*a*o - 138*o**3 - 12
Differentiate 12496*h**4 + 8*h**3 - 317201 with respect to h.
49984*h**3 + 24*h**2
What is the second derivative of -10648*i**2*z - i**2 + 3*i*z - 960*i + 3*z - 1 wrt i?
-21296*z - 2
Find the second derivative of -1474*c**2*j**2 + 15*c**2 + 155*c*j**2 - 3*c + 2*j**2 - 1071*j wrt j.
-2948*c**2 + 310*c + 4
What is the derivative of -3*k*m**2 + 721*k*m + k - 2*m**2 - 3319*m - 2 wrt k?
-3*m**2 + 721*m + 1
What is the second derivative of -53561*q**2 - 214*q + 3?
-107122
What is the second derivative of 22171*l**5 + 120*l + 107?
443420*l**3
Find the second derivative of -235*c**3*m**4 - 179*c**3 - 61*m**5 - 3*m + 30 wrt m.
-2820*c**3*m**2 - 1220*m**3
What is the third derivative of -1262766*i**6 + 2*i**2 + 780284 wrt i?
-151531920*i**3
Find the third derivative of 158*c**3*d*n**2*y + 287*c**3*d*y + 6*c**3*y + 22*c**2*d*n**2 - 3*c**2*d*y + 3*c**2*y + 13*c*n*y + 20*n**2*y wrt c.
948*d*n**2*y + 1722*d*y + 36*y
Differentiate 2*j**2 - 36152*j + 100627.
4*j - 36152
What is the second derivative of 30*p**4 - 5397*p**3 - 61*p + 615 wrt p?
360*p**2 - 32382*p
What is the second derivative of -35232*c**2*s - 2*c**2 - 47622*c*s - 3*s wrt c?
-70464*s - 4
Find the first derivative of -393*d*u - 17*d + 145 wrt u.
-393*d
Differentiate 39*q**3 - 31*q**2 + 43718.
117*q**2 - 62*q
Find the third derivative of 2760*p**5 + 3*p**4*s + p**4 + 91636*p**2*s wrt p.
165600*p**2 + 72*p*s + 24*p
Find the first derivative of 970*g*i*j + 2*g*j + 13*g - 3*i*j - i - 113*j + 1 wrt g.
970*i*j + 2*j + 13
Differentiate -1148*p**3 - 2*p**2 - 2*p - 60541 wrt p.
-3444*p**2 - 4*p - 2
Find the first derivative of -21*a**4 + 12*a**3*o**2 - 36*a*o + 63633*o**2 wrt a.
-84*a**3 + 36*a**2*o**2 - 36*o
What is the derivative of -5*a**4 + 18*a**3 - 1222*a - 466234?
-20*a**3 + 54*a**2 - 1222
Find the second derivative of -g**2*h**2 - 129*g**2*q + 26496*g*h**2*q + 4*g*q - 16*h**2*q - 65*h wrt h.
-2*g**2 + 52992*g*q - 32*q
What is the third derivative of 14*b*m*w**2 - 135*b*w**3 + 8*b*w**2 + 14*b*w + m**2*w**3 + 2*m**2 + 9*m*w**3 + m*w wrt w?
-810*b + 6*m**2 + 54*m
What is the second derivative of 2944209*n**2 + 2*n + 1285007?
5888418
What is the derivative of 45982*h**3 + 47398?
137946*h**2
Find the second derivative of 88*p**2*y**4 + 80*p**2*y**3 - 495*p**2*y + 3*p + y + 2 wrt y.
1056*p**2*y**2 + 480*p**2*y
Find the third derivative of 2*f**6 - 14158*f**5 + 22*f**2 + 4*f - 3.
240*f**3 - 849480*f**2
What is the second derivative of -5049*q**2 - 161456*q wrt q?
-10098
What is the second derivative of 6*i**2*m**3 - 25438*i**2*m - 83*i*m**2 - 1483*m**3 wrt i?
12*m**3 - 50876*m
Differentiate 3358*v**3 + 2*v**2 - 4*v - 782608 with respect to v.
10074*v**2 + 4*v - 4
What is the derivative of 33282*b**3*x**2 - 877474*b**3 + 4*x**3 wrt x?
66564*b**3*x + 12*x**2
Find the first derivative of 735271*u**3 - 1186454 wrt u.
2205813*u**2
Find the third derivative of 553369*r**3 - 232*r**2 - 381*r wrt r.
3320214
What is the second derivative of -293*r**5 + 58*r**4 - 112*r + 10 wrt r?
-5860*r**3 + 696*r**2
Find the second derivative of j*l*v**2 - 2*j*v**2 - j + 39405*l*v**2 + 168*l - v**2 + 16*v wrt v.
2*j*l - 4*j + 78810*l - 2
Differentiate 162780*m - 181884 wrt m.
162780
What is the third derivative of -74*h**4*i - 2*h**4 - 44*h**3*i - 10*h**3 - 2*h**2*i + 9*h**2 + 110*i + 2 wrt h?
-1776*h*i - 48*h - 264*i - 60
What is the second derivative of -35849*i**3 + 21098*i wrt i?
-215094*i
Find the second derivative of -6152*u**3*w**2 - u**3*w + 30*u**2*w - 24*u**2 - 2*u*w**2 - 15*w**2 + 22 wrt w.
-12304*u**3 - 4*u - 30
What is the third derivative of n*q**4 - 363*n*q**3 - 22198*n - 19*q**4 - 7*q**3 - 3*q**2 wrt q?
24*n*q - 2178*n - 456*q - 42
Find the third derivative of -493*h*o**5 + 2*h*o**2 + 52*h*o + 4*h + 9*o**5 - 2*o**3 - 15 wrt o.
-29580*h*o**2 + 540*o**2 - 12
Find the third derivative of -503*n**2*z**3 - 3965*n**2 + 37*z**3 - z**2 wrt z.
-3018*n**2 + 222
Find the second derivative of -39*a**3*d**2 + 180*a**3 - 172*a**2*d - 521*a*d**2 + a + 3*d wrt d.
-78*a**3 - 1042*a
Find the second derivative of 22*a**5 - 178*a**2*w**2 - 17419*a*w**2 + 2*w**2 wrt a.
440*a**3 - 356*w**2
Differentiate -145944*f**2*j*s**2 + 72*f**2*s**2 - 5351*f*s**2 - 2*s**2 with respect to j.
-145944*f**2*s**2
What is the second derivative of -231375*i**4 + 308121*i wrt i?
-2776500*i**2
What is the third derivative of 3*d**5 - 2*d**4 + 2*d**3 - 2*d**2 + 25620 wrt d?
180*d**2 - 48*d + 12
What is the third derivative of 48*j**6 - 3168*j**5 + 958*j**2 + 252 wrt j?
5760*j**3 - 190080*j**2
What is the second derivative of 88*v*y**2 - 1482*v*y + 3*v - 6*y**2 + y - 1 wrt y?
176*v - 12
What is the third derivative of -13*r*v**2*x + 147*r*v*x**4 - 7*r*v*x**2 + 9083*v**2*x**3 - 173*v**2*x**2 wrt x?
3528*r*v*x + 54498*v**2
What is the first derivative of -508970*w**3 - 3786089?
-1526910*w**2
W | 2024-04-19T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/9154 |
After Sundance; On Indigenous Resistance
The Burial
The Burial
In Norogachi in the region of Chihuahua north Mexico, Bikoro spends a journey for decolonial method in assembling the history of Native Indian populations in Mexico. For the past and present situation of the Ramuri tribe, the influence of American intervention, trade, economy and coloniality has re-shaped notions of modernity in the desert populations. Particularly the role of women has been formed and re-shaped over the course of the last decades, with increasing violence and segregation in traditional life, Bikoro investigates the fate associated with the women and cultural genocide of the community.
In her performance stages The Burial influenced by the history of the Native Mexican populations who suffered in the hands of the colonial European powers forced into labor in mines and mills. By the 18th century the Native American populations had been reduced to less than 10% of its original population. For those tribes pushed south into Mexico then remained less than 45% in Mexico. This loss was then consequently followed by sixty million African people, captured by the Europeans and forced into slavery.
The Burial is a commemoration to all the people who lost their lives under inhuman and cruel conditions of slavery and injustice.
The work explores the tangible connective histories between West Africa and Latin America and issues of modern identities. For this edition, El Carrusel developed as a site-specific action commemorating the histories of indigenous peoples of Bogota and their sacred lands, and contemporary politics of Bogota. It focuses on the ley line energy points in the Parque del Independencia, an ancient ritual ground for life and death, astrology and communication. Each ley line energy point is being revisited and a ritual of historical remembering re-enacted connecting the past to the contemporary voice of the young.At one energy point rests an abandoned carousel. To connect the carousel to the story of The Girl Who Fell From The Sky, the artist re-activates the old carousel with the strength and solidarity of the donkey. The donkey, after Bresson's Balthazar, is about our anxieties and desires when faced with a living creature who's completely humble and holy. He evokes eroticism, spirituality and christian mysticism. In a donkey's life we see the same stages as in man's.
The donkey in most cultures is a representation of the people, the proletariat, the enslaved and the stupid. Ironically, the donkey is one of the most intelligent & docile mammals on earth and has been represented throughout cultures as a shamed animal, from being represented as a Jew and stoned to death in cages during Nazi Germany to the enslaved animal of labour.In this action, the donkey re-animates the carousel with the artist because it is the imagination of the child and the dreaming of the people from 'below' that will release the curse and make free and unite peoples. The audience joins in the action by helping turn the carousel and children get free rides on the back of the donkey. As the carousel turns with lights and hanging bananas (hanging men), the hanging bananas slowly fall from the ropes and drop free whilst the Grand Kalle music track 'Independence ChaCha' plays continuously in the background.
"The difficulty is that all art is abstract and suggestive at the same time. You cannot show everything, if you do it is no longer art. Art lies in suggestion and the great difficulty is precisely not to show things. Things must be shown in one angle that evoke all the others at once without showing them." Robert Bresson 1966
After Sundance
„this is love“ – Fausto Grossi Terenzio | 2015The Sun Dance is a ceremony practiced by some indigenous people of America and Canada, primarily those of the plains cultures. After contact with European colonists, and with the formation of Canada and United States, both countries created laws banning ceremonies and even outlawed Indigenous people from speaking their native languages. Those that continued to practice their culture were imprisoned or even killed for doing so. As a result, and in order to preserve Indigenous culture for future generations, most ceremonies went underground and were practiced in secret.Typically, the sun dance is an agonizing ordeal for those who participate. According to the Oklahoma Historical Society, young men dance around a pole to which they are fastened by rawhide thongs pegged through the skin of their chests. Although not all sun dance ceremonies include dancers being ritually pierced, the object of the sun dance is to offer personal sacrifice as a prayer for the benefit of one's family and community and a commemoration to the land and the mothers of the community.This circle or sacred altar is the sincere contribution to the survival of future generations.This performance is a promise, a warning, a legacy to First Nations peoples and their continuing fight against cultural amnesia and cultural genocides of past and modern colonisation & slavery as well as the historical erasure and extermination of diverse Asian diaspora communities and their century-long battles of resistance against violence and racism and to the forcibly evicted African-American community once settled in Hogan’s Alley in the (illegal) city of Vancouver, Canada.
The action describes the daily convictions of peoples in Gabon living in conflict against tribal disputes and political violence. It is about the global family that becomes muted and cannot conversate to each other in a dialogue that embraces differences and mutual exchange. Once you take out the tongues and voices of people, you start to live with shame. The broken glass that have been hit to pieces as a game by the audience are the shadows of peoples. The story brings to attention the murder of 34 miners in South Africa in August 2012 who died no longer for their freedom but braught to their own deaths by lack of free choice by the fear of other men. Skipping over broken glass with the feet bleeding and leaving a trail is the child’s strenght to forgive, to see, to act, to create its own voice amidst the muteness it has been forced to live in. | 2023-10-30T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6855 |
#pragma once
#include "target_func.h"
namespace NCatboostCuda {
template <class TTarget,
ETargetFuncType TargetType = TTarget::TargetType()>
class TPermutationDerCalcer;
class IPermutationDerCalcer {
public:
using TVec = TCudaBuffer<float, NCudaLib::TStripeMapping>;
using TConstVec = TCudaBuffer<const float, NCudaLib::TStripeMapping>;
virtual ~IPermutationDerCalcer() {
}
virtual void ApproximateAt(const TVec& point,
TVec* value,
TVec* der,
TVec* der2,
ui32 stream = 0) const = 0;
virtual TConstVec GetWeights(ui32 streamId) const = 0;
//TODO(noxoomo): maybe we will need to make class and call secondDerRow several times for the best performance
virtual void ComputeValueAndDerivative(const TVec& point,
TVec* value,
TVec* der,
ui32 stream = 0) const = 0;
// virtual ui32 HessianBlockCount() const = 0;
// virtual ui32 HessianBlockSize() const = 0;
//this method computes selected row for all blocks
//der2 will be: der2 for first block; der2 for second block …
virtual void ComputeSecondDerRowLowerTriangleForAllBlocks(const TVec& point,
ui32 row,
TVec* der2,
ui32 stream = 0) const = 0;
virtual ELossFunction GetType() const = 0;
virtual EHessianType GetHessianType() const = 0;
virtual ui32 Dim() const = 0;
};
//for pointwise target we could compute derivatives for any permutation of docs and for leaves estimation it's faster to reorder targets
template <class TTargetFunc>
class TPermutationDerCalcer<TTargetFunc, ETargetFuncType::Pointwise>: public IPermutationDerCalcer, public TMoveOnly {
public:
using TMapping = typename TTargetFunc::TMapping;
template <class T>
using TBuffer = TCudaBuffer<T, TMapping>;
using TVec = TBuffer<float>;
using TConstVec = TBuffer<const float>;
TPermutationDerCalcer(TTargetFunc&& target,
const TBuffer<const ui32>& indices)
: Parent(new TTargetFunc(std::move(target)))
{
Target = TVec::CopyMapping(indices);
Gather(Target, Parent->GetTarget().GetTargets(), indices);
Weights = TVec::CopyMapping(indices);
Gather(Weights, Parent->GetTarget().GetWeights(), indices);
}
TPermutationDerCalcer() = default;
//point[i] is cursor for document indices[i]
//der[i] and der2[i] are derivatives for point[i]
//targets and weights are reordered, so target[i] is target for indices[i]
void ApproximateAt(const TVec& point,
TVec* value,
TVec* der,
TVec* der2,
ui32 stream = 0) const final {
CB_ENSURE(point.GetColumnCount() == 1, "Unimplemented for loss with multiple columns");
Parent->Approximate(Target,
Weights,
point,
value,
der,
0,
der2,
stream);
}
void ComputeValueAndDerivative(const TVec& point,
TVec* value,
TVec* der,
ui32 stream = 0) const final {
Parent->Approximate(Target, Weights, point, value, der, 0, nullptr, stream);
}
void ComputeSecondDerRowLowerTriangleForAllBlocks(const TVec& point,
ui32 row,
TVec* der2,
ui32 stream = 0) const final {
Parent->Approximate(Target, Weights, point, nullptr, nullptr, row, der2, stream);
}
TConstVec GetWeights(ui32 streamId) const final {
Y_UNUSED(streamId);
return Weights.ConstCopyView();
}
ui32 Dim() const final {
return Parent->GetDim();
}
ELossFunction GetType() const final {
return Parent->GetType();
}
EHessianType GetHessianType() const final {
return Parent->GetHessianType();
}
private:
THolder<TTargetFunc> Parent;
TVec Target;
TVec Weights;
};
//der calcer specialization for non-pointwise target (like pairwise/querywise)
//Querywise targets can't compute permutated derivatives directly (cause we have query grouping)
template <class TTarget>
class TPermutationDerCalcer<TTarget, ETargetFuncType::Querywise>: public IPermutationDerCalcer, public TMoveOnly {
public:
using TMapping = typename TTarget::TMapping;
template <class T>
using TBuffer = TCudaBuffer<T, TMapping>;
using TVec = TBuffer<float>;
TPermutationDerCalcer(TTarget&& target,
TBuffer<const ui32>&& indices)
: Parent(new TTarget(std::move(target)))
{
Indices = std::move(indices);
InverseIndices.Reset(Indices.GetMapping());
InversePermutation(Indices, InverseIndices);
}
TPermutationDerCalcer() = default;
void ApproximateAt(const TVec& point,
TVec* value,
TVec* der,
TVec* der2,
ui32 stream = 0) const final {
CB_ENSURE(point.GetColumnCount() == 1, "Unimplemented for loss with multiple columns");
Parent->ApproximateForPermutation(point,
&InverseIndices, /* inverse leaves indices */
value,
der,
0, /* der2 row */
der2,
stream);
}
void ComputeValueAndDerivative(const TVec& point,
TVec* value,
TVec* der,
ui32 stream = 0) const final {
Parent->ApproximateForPermutation(point, &InverseIndices, value, der, 0, nullptr, stream);
}
void ComputeSecondDerRowLowerTriangleForAllBlocks(const TVec& point,
ui32 row,
TVec* der2,
ui32 stream = 0) const final {
CB_ENSURE(row < point.GetColumnCount(), "Error: der2 row is out of bound " << row << ", total " << point.GetColumnCount() << " rows");
Parent->ApproximateForPermutation(point, &InverseIndices, nullptr, nullptr, row, der2, stream);
}
TConstVec GetWeights(ui32 streamId) const final {
TVec tmp;
tmp.Reset(Indices.GetMapping());
Gather(tmp, Parent->GetTarget().GetWeights(), Indices, streamId);
return tmp.ConstCopyView();
}
ui32 Dim() const final {
return Parent->GetDim();
}
ELossFunction GetType() const final {
return Parent->GetType();
}
EHessianType GetHessianType() const final {
return Parent->GetHessianType();
}
private:
THolder<TTarget> Parent;
TBuffer<const ui32> Indices;
TBuffer<ui32> InverseIndices;
};
template <class TTarget>
inline THolder<IPermutationDerCalcer> CreatePermutationDerCalcer(TTarget&& target,
TCudaBuffer<const ui32, typename TTarget::TMapping>&& indices) {
return MakeHolder<TPermutationDerCalcer<TTarget, TTarget::TargetType()>>(std::forward<TTarget>(target),
std::move(indices));
}
}
| 2024-01-05T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5119 |
<?php
class step2InputView extends SmartyView
{
public function execute ()
{
$request = $this->getContext()->getRequest();
$this->setAttribute("url",$request->getAttribute("url"));
$this->setTemplate('step2.tpl');
}
}
?> | 2024-02-04T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6449 |
Team Novak HV Pro Brushless System – Reinvented
Team Novak has just sent word that the HV Pro Brushless ESC has been updated as well as making now an individual item. (So you don’t have to buy the whole kit). They are also shipping a 5.5-turn as well as a 7.5 version. That’s good news if you are in the market for a new ESC system! Check the Team Novak site for details. | 2023-10-20T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/1503 |
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Django package.
#
# Translators:
# Jannis Leidel <jannis@leidel.info>, 2011
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: django-core\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-05-02 16:18+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-04-29 08:30+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: claudep <claude@2xlibre.net>\n"
"Language-Team: Turkish (http://www.transifex.com/projects/p/django/language/"
"tr/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: tr\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
#: tests/base.py:100
msgid "lazy message"
msgstr "tembel mesaj"
| 2024-06-03T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7347 |
<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<PropertyGroup>
<ProjectGuid>{80949812-1024-4503-A5D1-7C2204F40CB0}</ProjectGuid>
<ProjectVersion>18.1</ProjectVersion>
<FrameworkType>VCL</FrameworkType>
<MainSource>DelphiIDEColorizer_DXBerlin.dpr</MainSource>
<Base>True</Base>
<Config Condition="'$(Config)'==''">Debug</Config>
<Platform Condition="'$(Platform)'==''">Win32</Platform>
<TargetedPlatforms>1</TargetedPlatforms>
<AppType>Library</AppType>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Base' or '$(Base)'!=''">
<Base>true</Base>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="('$(Platform)'=='Win32' and '$(Base)'=='true') or '$(Base_Win32)'!=''">
<Base_Win32>true</Base_Win32>
<CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
<Base>true</Base>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="('$(Platform)'=='Win64' and '$(Base)'=='true') or '$(Base_Win64)'!=''">
<Base_Win64>true</Base_Win64>
<CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
<Base>true</Base>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Debug' or '$(Cfg_1)'!=''">
<Cfg_1>true</Cfg_1>
<CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
<Base>true</Base>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="('$(Platform)'=='Win32' and '$(Cfg_1)'=='true') or '$(Cfg_1_Win32)'!=''">
<Cfg_1_Win32>true</Cfg_1_Win32>
<CfgParent>Cfg_1</CfgParent>
<Cfg_1>true</Cfg_1>
<Base>true</Base>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Config)'=='Release' or '$(Cfg_2)'!=''">
<Cfg_2>true</Cfg_2>
<CfgParent>Base</CfgParent>
<Base>true</Base>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Base)'!=''">
<SanitizedProjectName>DelphiIDEColorizer_DXBerlin</SanitizedProjectName>
<DCC_Namespace>System;Xml;Data;Datasnap;Web;Soap;Vcl;Vcl.Imaging;Vcl.Touch;Vcl.Samples;Vcl.Shell;$(DCC_Namespace)</DCC_Namespace>
<GenDll>true</GenDll>
<DCC_DcuOutput>.\$(Platform)\$(Config)</DCC_DcuOutput>
<DCC_ExeOutput>.\</DCC_ExeOutput>
<DCC_E>false</DCC_E>
<DCC_N>false</DCC_N>
<DCC_S>false</DCC_S>
<DCC_F>false</DCC_F>
<DCC_K>false</DCC_K>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Base_Win32)'!=''">
<DCC_UsePackage>rtl;vcl;vclx;fmx;designide;$(DCC_UsePackage)</DCC_UsePackage>
<VerInfo_Keys>CompanyName=;FileDescription=;FileVersion=1.0.0.0;InternalName=;LegalCopyright=;LegalTrademarks=;OriginalFilename=;ProductName=;ProductVersion=1.0.0.0;Comments=</VerInfo_Keys>
<VerInfo_Locale>1033</VerInfo_Locale>
<DCC_Namespace>Winapi;System.Win;Data.Win;Datasnap.Win;Web.Win;Soap.Win;Xml.Win;Bde;$(DCC_Namespace)</DCC_Namespace>
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| 2023-10-17T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3628 |
Reliable technique of preparation of ultrathin sections of tissue infected with mycobacteria.
A technique of preparation of ultrathin sections of liver tissue infected with mycobacteria, concretely of Kupffer cells containing Mycobacterium avium, was described. Satisfactory preservation of the ultrastructure of both liver and mycobacteria was achieved by a modification of sampling, dehydration and Vestopal-embedding procedures. | 2023-12-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8523 |
Iran 'convicts British-Iranian dual national of spying for Israel' Published duration 27 August 2019 Related Topics Aras Amiri case
image copyright AFP image caption Iran has detained a number of dual citizens and foreign nationals in recent years
Iran's judiciary says it has sentenced a British-Iranian dual national to 10 years in prison for spying for Israel's Mossad intelligence agency.
Anousheh Ashouri was also handed a two-year term for illicitly acquiring money and fined $36,600 (£29,850).
An Iranian citizen, Ali Johari, was also jailed for 10 years for allegedly passing information to Mossad.
The UK Foreign Office confirmed it had been supporting the family of a British-Iranian man detained in Iran.
"Our embassy in Tehran continues to request consular access," it added.
"The treatment of all dual nationals detained in Iran is a priority and we raise their cases at the most senior levels. We urge Iran to let them be reunited with their families."
Iran has detained a number of dual citizens and foreign nationals in recent years, many of them on spying charges. They include Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, a British-Iranian project manager for the Thomson Reuters Foundation who was sentenced to five years in prison in 2016.
The Iranian authorities do not recognise dual nationality for Iranian citizens and do not grant consular access for foreign diplomats to visit them in detention.
Iran's judiciary also confirmed on Tuesday that an Iranian woman employed by the British Council had lost her appeal against a 10-year sentence for spying.
Aras Amiri, who had been working for the UK cultural organisation in London, was detained in Iran in March 2018.
media caption 'Iran are using my fiancee as a bargaining chip'
Last week, her fiancé told the BBC that she was being used as a "bargaining chip" by Iran's government. James Tyson said the UK needed to "get on the phone" to Iran and "say this can't happen".
He added that Aras Amiri was being held in the same prison as Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, and that the two women were "close" and "very supportive of each other".
Relations between the UK and Iran have been strained in recent weeks by a row over the seizure of two oil tankers.
On 4 July, an Iranian tanker was seized off the coast of Gibraltar with the help of the Royal Marines on suspicion of breaching EU sanctions on Syria.
The vessel was released on 15 August, but Iran is still holding a British-flagged tanker it seized in the Gulf on 19 July for breaking "international maritime rules".
Correction 27 August 2019: An earlier version of this article identified Anousheh Ashouri as a woman in line with reports from local and international news agencies. | 2024-05-14T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6730 |
The invention relates to a projector apparatus of the type including a light source and an aperture for an object, the image of which is to be projected, the aperture being placed in the ray path between a projection head and the light source and an ellipsoidal mirror being placed to have its focus points at the light source and the projection head, respectively.
A usual type of overhead projector includes a Fresnel mirror forming the projection stage or aperture for large transparencies, a light source and a projection head being situated centrally above the projection stage at the focal point of the Fresnel mirror.
This type of projector has several disadvantages. The Fresnel structure will be visible in the projected image, and there is further a considerable spread of light in the Fresnel structure which can cause a dazzling effect. In addition, the light must pass twice to the picture carrying material, such as a large transparency, thus emphasizing the effects and impurities in the material with the result that colour reproduction will be poor. The transparency should lie flat on the projection stage, since if there is a space between the material and the mirror there will be doubling effects in the projected image. These doubling effects are the reason why it is not possible to replace the Fresnel mirror with a corresponding concave mirror.
At least some of the above mentioned drawbacks could be mitigated or removed with an overhead projector comprising an ellipsoidal mirror, one focus of which coincides with the optical head and the other focus, of which coincides with the light source. Such a projector is known from CH No. 607 652. But the optical head in the known projector is centered on the aperture or stage of the projector. It is true that it has been suggested, in connection with another type of projector (DE-Al No. 3 443 356) with a lens between optical head and light source, to have the optical head and the light source displaced from central position in order to have the projected image moved upwardly, but the result is discouraging, because the colour errors become significant or unacceptable even for small displacements.
An object of the invention is therefore to provide a projector structure allowing placing of the transparency at a planar aperture for projecting an image substantially without distortion onto a screen parallel, or at right angles to the stage, with the projected image displaced in relation to the stage.
In accordance with the mention, a projector apparatus including a light source, a projection head and an aperture for an object, the image of which is to be projected, the aperture being in the ray path between the light source and the projection head, distinguishes over the prior art in that an ellipsoidal mirror is situated in the ray path between the light source and the projection stage aperture; in that one or a first focal point of the ellipsoidal mirror substantially coincides with the light source; and in that the other or a second focal point of the mirror substantially coincides with the projection head. The proper apparatus is characterized in that the projection head is positioned in a plane, which is orthogonal to the aperture and parallel with a tangent to the periphery of the aperture and in that the distance L between said plane and said tangent is substantially determined by the relation EQU 0.ltoreq.L.ltoreq.T/4
where T=the "height" of the aperture.
The surface of the aperture may be oriented substantially horizontally, the projection head being situated at a level above the aperture, the head being equipped with means known per se for deflecting the light into a generally horizontal direction. The projection head advantageously is situated in a plane normal to the aperture plane and containing the rear or forward edge of the aperture, as observed in the generally horizontal projection direction. If the projection head is then situated substantially in a plane constituting a plane normal to the aperture surface and coinciding with the forward edge of the aperture, the deflecting member should be a mirror, since the projector apparatus then functions as a genuine overhead projector, and such that its operator can place a transparency right side up on the aperture surface while he is facing towards the viewers, the image then being projected with a proper orientation for the viewers, on a screen behind the operator. The light source can then be placed in the vicinity of the rear edge of the aperture so that the heat from the light source does not cause discomfort to the operator, and so that the dimension of the ellipsoidal mirror in a direction normal to the aperture plane is minimized. It should also be clear that the light can be deflected in the other direction with a deflecting means in the form of an Amici prism or some other deflecting, image inverting means.
Particularly when the projector apparatus includes deflecting means and the projection stage aperture surface is oriented in a substantially horizontal direction, the apparatus may be arranged for mounting in the vicinity of the ceiling in a room, with the aperture surface substantially parallel to the ceiling surface, the projection head then being at a level just under the aperture surface. It is then possible to arrange that the upper boundary of the projected light is adjacent the ceiling surface. The projection stage aperture may include an image-forming liquid crystal display (LCD) screen so that the apparatus serves the function of a television projector.
It should however be evident that such a television projector may very well be shaped without deflecting means and with the projection stage aperture vertical. The projection lens will then be on a level with the lower border of the aperture.
The aperture can advantageously include a plate of material having light transmission substantially adapted to the intensity distribution of the projection light incident on the aperture such that the light passing the plate has substantially uniform intensity.
The invention has been discussed described above in connection with the use of a single ellipsoidal mirror, placed such that the departing light substantially covers the entire projection stage aperture of the apparatus. It should be clear, however, that instead of using a single ellipsoidal mirror, a plurality of smaller ellipsoidal mirror elements can be placed adjacent each other such that they have their first focal points situated substantially in the projection head, with the second focal points having an associated light source. It will then be clear that a light source can be substantially at the common focal point of several smaller ellipsoidal mirror elements. It will also be understood that such a composite mirror comprising at least two ellipsoidal mirror elements can be given a considerably lesser "height", i.e. dimension in a direction normal to the aperture.
It will be further understood that a projector apparatus in accordance with the invention can readily be arranged for projection with very high light intensity. Optionally, as indicated above, the projector apparatus can also be used as a component in a television projection apparatus with very high light strength. In such a case the light source can optionally be such that its colour can be varied. A method of providing such a light source is to connect light emitting diodes (LED's) of different colours together with the aid of optical fibres, preferably relatively thick plastic fibres. The illumination can then be dynamically adjusted to the momentary colour content of the image for obtaining an increase in the colour range. | 2023-10-18T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8547 |
Combined treatment of Dunning R3327 rat prostatic tumor with the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor PNU 157706 and the antiandrogen bicalutamide.
PNU 157706 [N-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluorophenyl-propyl)-3-oxo-4-aza- 5alpha-androst-1-ene-17beta-carboxamide], a novel, potent and selective dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, was reported to be effective in inhibiting the growth of established tumors in the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic carcinoma model. We investigated the efficacy of treatment with PNU 157706 in combination with the antiandrogen bicalutamide in this prostatic tumor model. Rats with tumor diameters of about 1 cm were treated orally 6 days a week for 9 weeks with PNU 157706 (10 mg/kg per day) alone or in combination with bicalutamide (0.2 and 1 mg kg per day). Animals were killed 24 h after the last treatment, and ventral prostates were removed for testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) determination. PNU 157706 reduced the growth of established tumors by 39%; bicalutamide proved ineffective at 0.2 mg/kg per day, but reduced tumor growth by 45% at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day. The combination of PNU 157706 with both doses of bicalutamide caused an additive tumor growth inhibition (50% and 64%). Castration resulted in marked tumor growth inhibition (72%). Ventral prostate weight was markedly reduced by PNU 157706 (78%) treatment and by bicalutamide (59% and 77%); combined treatment was as effective as castration. Prostatic DHT content was markedly reduced by PNU 157706 (88%), whereas prostatic T increased slightly (60%). Concomitant treatment with bicalutamide antagonized the T increase induced by PNU 157706 and did not modify the already remarkable suppression of DHT. These data show that the inhibitory effect of PNU 157706 and bicalutamide on Dunning prostatic tumor growth is additive, thus suggesting a possible role of PNU 157706 in the therapy of advanced prostate cancer, in combination with antiandrogens, to provide an effective peripheral androgen ablation therapy with minimal side effects. | 2023-10-02T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7075 |
Q:
Decomposition of hyper-rectangles into congruent simplices
Let $(a_1, \ldots, a_d) \in \mathbb{N}_+^d$ be positive integers and the semi-axes of the $d$-dimensional $\ell_1$-ellipse
$$ E_{\bf a} := \{{\bf x} \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^d: \sum_{j=1}^d \frac{x_j}{a_j} \leq 1 \}, $$
which also is a simlex with the $(d+1)$ integer vertices $(0,\ldots,0), (a_1,0,\ldots,0)$, $(0,a_2,0,\ldots, 0), \ldots, (0,\ldots,0,a_d)$ .
Now, $E_{\bf a}$ is contained in $R_{\bf a} := \{{\bf x} \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^d: \frac{x_j}{a_j} \leq 1 \}$, i.e. the multi-dimensional rectangle anchored at ${\bf 0}$ that has side-lengths $a_j$. We can assume that the a_j are ordered, i.e. $a_1 \geq a_2 \geq \ldots \geq a_d \geq 1$.
In the two-dimensional setting $d=2$, we can decompose the rectangle $R_{\bf a}$ into
$$ R_{\bf a} = E_{\bf a} \cup \hat{E}_{\bf a},$$
where
$$\hat{E}_{\bf a} := \{ (a_1 - x_1, a_2 - x_2) | (x_1,x_2) \in E_{\bf a} \}$$
also has integer vertices. Moreover, $E_{\bf a} \cap \hat{E}_{\bf a}$ is a null set and $\hat{E}_{\bf a}$ is congruent to $E_{\bf a}$.
Now comes my question: Is such a construction also possible in the higher dimensional setting, i.e. $d\geq 3$? I suppose (by comparing volumes) one needs at least $d!$ (congruent) copies of $E_{\bf a}$? Unfortunately, I have severe difficulties with spatial visualization and already for $d=3$, I was not able to figure out a valid decomposition of $R_{\bf a}$.
I hope someone can guide me to a solution or tell me the vertices of the $6$? tetrahedrons. Thanks!
A:
For $d = 3$, you can choose the vertices $(0,0,0)$ and $(a_1,a_2,a_3)$ to be common vertices of each tetrahedron, and then choose one vertex that has one non-zero entry, say in the $i$th position ($i=1,2,3$) and then choose one vertex that has one additional non-zero entry, say in the $j$th position where $j \neq i$.
This gives $6 = 3!$ simplexes, just like you suspected, and clearly they are all of the same volume, namely $a_1a_2a_3/3!$ because each is obtained by a permutation matrix multiplied by a shear matrix that has all $1$ on the diagonal and all $1$ above the diagonal, so the transformation matrix has determinant absolute value 1 and hence is volume preserving. Also the 6 simples have disjoint interiors, i.e. they form a valid triangulation.
However I don't believe these simplices are congruent unless you have a cube, i.e. all $a_i$ equal. This is because the 6 side lengths in $L_2$ norm are $|a_i|$,$\sqrt{a_i^2+a_j^2}$,$\sqrt{a_i^2+a_j^2+a_k^2}$,$|a_j|$,$\sqrt{a_j^2+a_k^2}$,$|a_k|$. This is not invariant under permuting the $i,j,k$ assuming the side lengths $a_i,a_j,a_k$ are distinct. I think it may be impossible to insist that the simplices are all congruent and also all have vertices that are vertices of the original box, which is traditionally how a triangulation works (i.e. all simplexes have vertices that are vertices of the original box).
In any event, clearly you can extend this decomposition idea to get equal volume simplexes that all have vertices that are vertices of the box, in any dimension, simply by taking each ordering of axes and then adding the sides in order starting at $0$ and ending at the opposite corner, for each possible permutation of sides. There are $d!$ distinct ways to do this, giving $d!$ equal volume simplices whose interiors are disjoint.
| 2024-01-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8885 |
I've found various resources on the internet that seem to talk about similar problems (for example this question and this forum post, but they seem to be out-of-date (ie. not using ArcGIS 10.1) or not asking quite the same question.
Of course, importing osgeo from a normal non-Arc Python window works fine, and I have compared sys.path and os.environ['PATH'] between the scripts and updated them so that they are the same, and it doesn't seem to fix the problem.
I have heard stories of people getting GDAL to work in the ArcGIS python interface before. A few questions: Which method did you use to install GDAL and are you sure you have the correct windows bindings installed and correctly setup? And have you installed the python bindings to the ArcGIS python install?
–
LoxodromeAug 14 '12 at 12:03
It looks like you have another version (2.7) of Python installed in addition to the version (2.6) installed by ArcGIS 10. Did you install GDAL for 2.6 as well or are you trying to point it to the version installed for 2.7? Is your 2.7 install a 64-bit installation?
–
JasonAug 14 '12 at 13:37
@Robintw there are numerous ways to install GDAL for python. Perhaps you could link me to the executable you used and how you set it up?
–
LoxodromeAug 14 '12 at 19:33
2
I've just managed to solve the question - I managed to miss reading the bit above where @Jason asked if I was using a 64-bit installation of Python 2.7. The answer is that my main Python 2.7 install is 64-bit, but Arc's install is 32-bit, so I needed to install a 32-bit version of GDAL, and now it works fine. Thanks everyone - I'll add my final solution as an answer.
–
robintwAug 15 '12 at 14:18 | 2024-01-24T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5257 |
Q:
Are there special exceptions to the rule that (US) capital gains taxes are owed only when the gain materializes?
Normally capital-gains taxes on equity are only owed when the gain is realized, i.e. when the shares are sold. Does this change (in the US) if the gains are the result of an IPO or if the person realizing the gains is a co-founder of the corporation?
As one specific example, Eduardo Saverin apparently gave up his American citizenship rather than pay taxes.
Why would he have owed taxes? Does the American tax system indeed ask someone to pay capital-gains taxes on shares even if he does not sell them? Or did Saverin intend to sell his shares?
If you have expertise this broad, a quick comparison with other advanced (G7/G8) economies would be nice.
A:
Normally, you don't pay capital gains tax until you actually realize a capital gain. However, there are some exceptions.
The exception that affected Eduardo Saverin is the expatriation tax, or exit tax. If you leave a country and are no longer a tax resident, your former country taxes you on your unrealized capital gains from the period that you were a tax resident of that country. There are several countries that have an expatriation tax, including the United States. Saverin left the U.S. before the Facebook IPO. Saverin was perhaps already planning on leaving the U.S. (he is originally from Brazil and has investments in Asia), so leaving before the IPO limited the amount of capital gains tax he had to pay upon his exit. (Source: Wall Street Journal: So How Much Did He Really Save?)
Another situation that might be considered an exception and affects a lot of us is capital gain distributions inside a mutual fund. When mutual fund managers sell investments inside the fund and realize gains, they have to distribute those gains among all the mutual fund investors. This often takes the form of additional shares of the mutual fund that you are given, and you have to pay capital gains tax on these distributions. As a result, you can invest in a mutual fund, leave your money there and not sell, but have to pay capital gains tax anyway. In fact, you could owe capital gains tax on the distributions even if the value of your mutual fund investment has gone down.
| 2023-09-07T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/7737 |
Frank Baker (physician)
Frank Baker (August 22, 1841 – September 30, 1918) was an American physician and superintendent of the National Zoo in Washington, DC.
Biography
He was born in Pulaski, New York, on August 22, 1841. In 1861, he enlisted into the Union Army, fighting in The Second Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, and Battle of Seven Pines. In 1863, he left the army and became a clerk in Washington DC. There he became friends with Walt Whitman and John Burroughs. After the war, he got his undergraduate degree from George Washington University and his medical degree at Georgetown University.
In 1881, he was involved with the treatment of President James Garfield after he had been shot, and there he met George Kennan and Alexander Graham Bell. In 1883, Baker became a professor of anatomy at Georgetown University, and in 1888 he co-founded the National Geographic Society. In 1889 he was made acting director of the National Zoo, and in 1893 was made official director of the zoo. He retired in 1916, and died on September 30, 1918.
References
Category:1841 births
Category:1918 deaths
Category:National Geographic Society founders
Category:Georgetown University faculty
Category:People from Pulaski, New York
Category:19th-century American physicians | 2023-08-13T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/5123 |
Q:
How to get minor bit turned on?
Let be a an unsigned int:
unsigned int a = 188; // 10111100
Is there a built-in function to get minor bit that is turn on? For example: in a case should return 2because first and second bits are zero's but the third is one.
// 10111100
// ^
// |-- Minor bit turn on
I'm using GCC and C99 standard.
A:
Simple and clean solution:
#include <stdio.h>
int minor_bit(unsigned int x);
int main() {
unsigned int a = 188;
printf("%d\n", minor_bit(a));
return 0;
}
int minor_bit(unsigned int x) {
unsigned int i;
if (x == 0)
return -1;
for (i = 0; !(x & 1U << i); i++);
return i;
}
A:
Yes. Since you're using GCC, you may use the __builtin_ctz family of built-in functions for trailing zero count,
int __builtin_ctz (unsigned int x);
as taken from http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Other-Builtins.html .
For instance,
2 == __builtin_ctz(188)
A word of warning: For the input 0, the result is undefined. Therefore its use may need to be guarded, thus:
int safe_ctz(unsigned int x){
return x ? __builtin_ctz(x) : 32;
}
The advantage of this builtin is that for some targets, GCC turns this to a single instruction, such as BSF on x86.
| 2024-03-16T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/6259 |
Tag Archives for grilled cat food
Fresh Ribeye Steaks on the the Grill is what most people consider Grilling. Most wouldn’t guess they are being cooked on an indoor Grill by Gaggenau.
What is Grilling?
For most people, “Grilling” pertains to the use of an outdoor Grill. However, not all “Grilled” foods are made that way. When you see Grilled Chicken in the Freezer Department at the store, it is unlikely that any of it has seen the Outdoors or a Grill. Similarly, a great number of restaurants have Grilled Chicken and Steak on their Menus for Salads, Sides, Pizzas and Entrees. Many of them use a Grill Pan to achieve the familiar Grill Marks, while others Pan Sear, Broil, or Bake the meat.
Grilled Cat Food is more for making human mouths water, probably not of much consequence to our furry friends.
For better or worse, there are no “BBQ Police” to prevent manufacturers from even offering “Grilled” flavors of pet foods… So it seems that adding any form of Charred or Smoky flavor is enough to call a product “Grilled” nowadays. Of course, many GrillMasters shudder at the thought of this. For me, I shrug it off. Consumers are always free to pick and choose the products they want. If something labeled “Grilled” meets their satisfaction, that is what the marketplace is all about.
This indoor built-in Mesquite Charcoal Grill has been at Musso & Frank Grill in Los Angeles since 1919. It is said to be the oldest working Restaurant Grill in Hollywood.
When you see something labeled Grilled, it usually falls under one of these 10 Most Used Categories or Ways We Think of Grilling:
2. Cooked on a Flat Pan or Griddle– Most popular as the method for making Grilled Cheese and grilling Bacon Wrapped Hot Dogs.
3. Stovetop Grill Pan– The easiest way to get Grill Marks from indoor cooking, but not Outdoor Grilled flavor. An invaluable tool for Food Stylists and Photographers.
4. Oven-Safe Grill Pan or Broiler– These are good ways to get Grill Marks and add authentic Charred flavor to foods.
5. Indoor Countertop Grilling Devices– Probably the most famous is the George Forman Grill, which opened the floodgates to a stockade of similar items. These are said to cook foods with less Fat.
6. Indoor Built-in Gas and Electric Grills– Found in many Restaurants and upscale Home Kitchens, these come close to replicating the flavor or Outdoor Grilling, but not as close as the next one.
7. Indoor Wood and Charcoal Burning Grills– The best way to replicate the flavor of Outdoor Grilling. However, a challenge to get approved in Restaurants for sanitary reasons and concerns about ventilation. While rare to see in Restaurants nowadays, my favorite is the 90+ year old Mesquite Grill, still found today at Musso & Frank Grill in Hollywood, CA.
8. Indoor and Outdoor Wood Burning Ovens– If they can “Grill” food using conventional ovens, these offer the flavor closest to their outdoor cousins with grates.
9. Open Flame and Outdoor Pit Cooking– The oldest form of Grilling that exists. Our ancestors were not quite able to purchase Weber Grills, but managed to find a myriad of ways to cook food over open flame.
10. Homemade, Masonry and Manufactured Grills– What we most think of when we speak of Grilling. They use Charcoal, Wood, Gas, Electricity or Lasers to cook food. Ironically, most “Grilled” food products sold on the market today never come anywhere near an Outdoor Grill.
The DIY Ceramic BBQ Pot Smoker from “The Adventures of TasteeBQ”.
Wouldn’t you love to have been there when, after discovering Fire, the first Caveman decided to try putting some sort of Fruit, Vegetable or Meat on a Grill? Even before the time of known migration, ancestral Pitt Masters from all over the continent managed to find creative ways to cook food. This tradition is kept popular today thanks to Facebook and other Photo sharing websites and platforms where people share homemade Grills from all over the world. They are made out of anything from Patio Furniture to Shopping Carts, and even Porsche automobiles. Photos of the DIY Ceramic BBQ Pot Smoker that I made last year (using flower pots) are still being shared around the world.
Happy Grilling for Labor Day, and all other days you decide to Grill. Until next time, Eat and Be Well.
___________________________________
Thanks for being among the first to visit the new “Basics of BBQ” Series. I am happy to preview it here on the Blog. Some material will be used for a current book project, tentatively called “The BBQ Catering Confidential Cookbook”. A version will also be shared on the California Gold BBQ Rubs Recipes Pages, under the New Owner’s Manual. Stay tuned, next time we will start answering the question-“What’s That Smoking?”.
___________________________________
Mick Brown is a Food Blogger/Purveyor based in Los Angeles, with over 30 years BBQ and Grilling experience. Aside from Caterer and Private Grilling Instructor, his passions are creating Easy Grilling Recipes and searching for the World’s Best Flavors. General Manager of Tastee BQ Grilling Co. and the new California Gold BBQ Rubs. He is also author of web serial blog “The Adventures of Tastee BQ.” Email- Mick@TasteeBQ.com | 2024-05-19T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/2685 |
Header$type=social_icons
The Community has created another humorous TV spot for Constellation Brands’ Victoria beer. Although Victoria stands as Mexico’s oldest...
The Community has created another humorous TV spot for Constellation Brands’ Victoria beer.
Although Victoria stands as Mexico’s oldest beer brand, Constellation Brands recently brought Victoria to the U.S. in 2010. Throughout this time, there had never been any advertising support for the brand. Things changed when Constellation Brands tapped the community to introduce the iconic beer brand to U.S. audiences in 2016.
In its second U.S. marketing campaign for Victoria, the community builds on the “proudly Mexican” ethos it created for the beer brand. The spot, Weather Girl, features a group of friends crowded around a laptop as they watch Mexico’s weather report. Another member of their group, Gregorio (the gringo who loves all things Mexican), enters the room carrying three bottles of Victoria beer and immediately becomes enthralled with the onscreen weather girl, Yanet. A tongue-in-cheek dream sequence ensues, as Gregorio imagines a whirlwind romance with Yanet and even gets a tattoo that says “Yanet te hamo” (instead of “amo”). Gregorio’s friends eventually snap him out of his daydream while he echoes “Mexico really has everything.” | 2023-09-19T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8854 |
The present invention relates to a highly efficient and compact DC conversion apparatus such as a DC/DC converter.
FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a conventional DC conversion apparatus. In the DC conversion apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a synchronous rectifier that includes a low ON-resistance power MOSFET (Field Effect Transistor) and the like is used on a secondary side (output side) of a transformer in order to reduce power losses.
In FIG. 1, a MOSFET switch Q1 is connected to a DC power source Vdc1 via a primary winding 5a (the number of turns: n1) of a transformer T1, and a series circuit of a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 is connected to both ends of the switch Q1. A series circuit of a diode D2 and a capacitor C2 is connected to both ends of the primary winding 5a of the transformer T1, and a resistor R2 is connected to both ends of the capacitor C2. The switch Q1 is turned ON/OFF by PWM control of a control circuit 10.
The primary winding 5a of the transformer T1 and a secondary winding 5b (with a number of turns of n2) of the transformer T1 each have a winding structure such that a common mode voltage is generated mutually, and a MOSFET switch Q3 and a MOSFET switch Q4 are connected in series to both ends of the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T1. One end of the secondary winding 5b (filled circle (∘) side) of the transformer T1 is connected to a gate of the switch Q4, and the other end thereof is connected to a gate of the switch Q3. The switch Q3 is connected to a diode D3 in parallel, and the switch Q4 is connected to a diode D4 in parallel. These devices form a synchronous rectifying circuit. This synchronous rectifying circuit rectifies a voltage (i.e. ON/OFF-controlled pulse voltage) generated at the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T1 in synchronization with ON/OFF operations of the switch Q1, and outputs a DC voltage.
A smoothing reactor Lo and a smoothing capacitor Co are connected in series to both ends of the switch Q3 to form a smoothing circuit. This smoothing circuit smoothes a rectified output of the synchronous rectifying circuit, and outputs a DC output to a load RL.
The control circuit 10 controls the switch Q1 in ON/OFF manner so that the width of an ON-pulse applied to the switch Q1 is narrowed when the output voltage of the load RL reaches or exceeds a reference voltage. That is, when the output voltage of the load RL reaches or exceeds the reference voltage, the width of the ON-pulse applied to the switch Q1 is shortened so as to control the output voltage to a constant voltage.
Operations of the DC conversion apparatus thus configured are explained with reference to a timing chart at light load time shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, a drain-source voltage of the switch Q1 is depicted by Q1v, a drain current of the switch Q1 is depicted by Q1i, a drain current of the switch Q3 is depicted by Q3i, a drain current of the switch Q4 is depicted by Q4i, a drain-source voltage of the switch Q3 is depicted by Q3v, and a gate voltage signal of the switch Q1 is depicted by Q1g.
Operations performed at heavy load time are explained first. When the switch Q1 is turned ON by the gate voltage signal Qg, the current Q1i flows through a path passing along Vdc1, 5a, Q1, and Vdc1. This current Q1i increases linearly as time passes.
At this time, since a voltage is generated also at the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T1, the switch Q4 is turned ON and hence the current Q4i flows clockwise through a path passing along 5b, Lo, Co, Q4, and 5b, so that electric power is supplied to the load RL. The current Q4i increases linearly as time passes, whereupon Lo (Io) 2/2 of energy is stored in the smoothing reactor Lo. A current flowing into the smoothing rector Lo is depicted by Io.
Next, when the switch Q1 is turned OFF, the voltage at the secondary winding 5b of the transformer T1 is reversed, and hence the switch Q4 is turned OFF and the switch Q3 is turned ON. Therefore, the energy stored in the smoothing reactor Lo causes the current Q3i to flow clockwise through a path passing along Lo, Co, Q3, and Lo, so that electric power is supplied continuously to the load RL.
Subsequently, when the switch Q1 is turned ON, the voltage generated at the secondary winding 5b is reversed again, therefore the switch Q4 is turned ON and the switch Q3 is turned OFF, and then the similar operations as described above are performed. This state is called a continuous mode because the current of the smoothing reactor Lo flows continuously in the same direction.
On the other hand, when a load current decreases (in a case of light load), the current of the smoothing reactor Lo flowing therethrough as the switch Q1 is turned OFF (e.g., time t32) becomes zero while the switch Q1 is OFF, but the switch Q3 remains ON. Therefore, the electric charge stored in the smoothing capacitor Co is discharged, and then a current Q3i′ flows counterclockwise through a path passing along Co, Lo, Q3, and Co, so that the energy is stored in the smoothing reactor Lo.
When the switch Q1 is turned ON at time t33 (same as time t31), the switch Q4 is turned ON and the switch Q3 is turned OFF. Therefore, a current Q4i′ flows counterclockwise through a path passing along Lo, 5b, Q4, Co, and Lo from the smoothing reactor Lo. As a result, the energy is finally returned to the DC power source Vdc1 on a primary side (input side) via the primary winding 5a of the transformer T1.
As described above, when a synchronous rectifying circuit is applied to the conventional DC conversion apparatus shown in FIG. 1 or to a switching power supply device described in Patent Document 1, they operate with little loss in a heavy load state in which a current flows continuously through the smoothing reactor Lo.
A related art of the conventional switching power supply device is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-10636. | 2023-08-06T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4453 |
/*
* Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making BK-CI 蓝鲸持续集成平台 available.
*
* Copyright (C) 2019 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company. All rights reserved.
*
* BK-CI 蓝鲸持续集成平台 is licensed under the MIT license.
*
* A copy of the MIT License is included in this file.
*
*
* Terms of the MIT License:
* ---------------------------------------------------
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
* files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
* modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
* NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
package com.tencent.devops.common.service.utils
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
object CookieUtil {
fun getCookieValue(request: HttpServletRequest, name: String): String? {
// cookie数组
val cookies = request.cookies
if (null != cookies) {
for (cookie in cookies) {
if (cookie.name == name) {
return cookie.value
}
}
}
var value: String? = null
// Cookie属性中没有获取到，那么从Headers里面获取
var cookieStr: String? = request.getHeader("Cookie")
if (cookieStr != null) {
// 去掉所有空白字符，不限于空格
cookieStr = cookieStr.replace("\\s*".toRegex(), "")
val cookieArr = cookieStr.split(";".toRegex()).dropLastWhile { it.isEmpty() }.toTypedArray()
for (cookieItem in cookieArr) {
val cookieItemArr = cookieItem.split("=".toRegex()).dropLastWhile { it.isEmpty() }.toTypedArray()
if (cookieItemArr.isNotEmpty() && cookieItemArr[0] == name) {
value = cookieItemArr[1]
break
}
}
}
return value
}
} | 2023-11-05T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3943 |
Governor Northam Blows Up the Narrative With I-81 Upgrade Plan
As the General Assembly prepared to argue about tax itemization, tax refunds, and windfall spending (while finding ways to avoid dealing with CPON reform), Governor Northam changed the subject in dramatic fashion with a proposal to use tolls on I-81 in order to fund upgrades to the interstate (Richmond Times-Dispatch).
Gov. Ralph Northam rolled out a bipartisan legislative proposal Tuesday that would add tolls to Interstate 81 to fund $2.2 billion in improvements to the western Virginia highway plagued by crashes, backups and heavy truck traffic.
Joined by almost a dozen Republican and Democratic lawmakers from the western part of the state, Northam said tolls would provide a dedicated funding stream that I-81 has lacked.
The money would be used to begin funding projects outlined in a Virginia Department of Transportation plan to improve traffic flow on I-81 by adding lanes, widening shoulders and improving curves. The plan also calls for operational upgrades to help get traffic moving again after a crash, such as additional traffic cameras and more signs to warn drivers of blockages.
The planned toll is 17 cents a mile, although it would be lower for regular commuters who use the highway. There would also be an annual fee for smaller cars, as well as some congestion pricing – or as they put it, discounts for low-traffic periods.
I will freely acknowledge my regional ignorance here – outside of a few months in Winchester, I have never lived more than 10 miles west of I-95. Those who do live in the western part of the state can more easily weigh in on how badly needed the proposed improvements would be. Ditto on the appropriate toll level.
I took note of a line in the second paragraph, “Republican and Democratic lawmakers from the western part of the state (one of the lawmakers – and the only one quoted in the article – was Senator Obenshain). This is arguably the first major initiative that doesn’t involve Northern Virginia or Hampton Roads in decades. Moreover, it brings the parties together (or at least their western leaders) just as they were about to go hammer and tongs over what to do with the recent revenue windfall will still roll on – including how to address the state’s tax itemization policy, which erodes expected federal tax cuts for thousands of Virginians by raising their state tax bills.
Those arguments will still happen, but whatever one’s views on taxes or on tolls, this announcement essentially takes the entire narrative on the GA session and explodes it.
Additionally, the Republicans’ plan to castigate Northam as a serial tax-hiker (already weak because of the Governor’s proposal to expand the state Low Income Credit) will likely be overshadowed by a major transportation effort focused on the western part of the state (with few, if any, swing districts that will be the focus of much attention during this election year) and supported by leaders in both parties.
Indeed, the biggest arguments in Richmond might not even be between the parties, but within them. Meaning the party more likely to gain seats in November (and control the legislature in January) will be the one more able to manage their internal disagreements. | 2024-04-29T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/3543 |
+ 260*p + 11. Let w(s) = -5*s - 7. Determine -3*t(g) - 5*w(g).
-2*g - 10
Let n(k) = 1. Let i(j) = -j**2 + 2*j - 1. Let v be (242/(-33) - -8)*6/4. Calculate v*n(y) + i(y).
-y**2 + 2*y
Suppose 7*n - 48 = 3*n. Let o = 7 - n. Let p(c) be the first derivative of 2*c**3/3 + 5*c - 48. Let b(m) = 1. Calculate o*b(i) + p(i).
2*i**2
Let g(t) = -3*t**2 + 3*t + 5. Suppose 3*s = -9, 0*f + 2*f - 9 = 5*s. Let b(y) = -29*y + 22*y**2 - 20*y**2 - 4 + 27*y. What is f*g(z) - 4*b(z)?
z**2 - z + 1
Let d(i) = -5*i**2 + 40*i + 3. Let c(w) = 7*w**2 - 39*w - 1. Determine 2*c(a) + 3*d(a).
-a**2 + 42*a + 7
Let m(i) = 5*i**2 + 21*i + 6. Let k(j) = -6*j**2 - 23*j - 7. Give 6*k(p) + 7*m(p).
-p**2 + 9*p
Let j(f) = 2*f - 782. Let i(r) = -r + 313. What is -12*i(m) - 5*j(m)?
2*m + 154
Let j(u) = u**2 - 907*u. Let f(o) = -2*o**2 + 2720*o. Calculate -3*f(y) - 8*j(y).
-2*y**2 - 904*y
Let q(f) = -5*f + 1. Suppose -8*b + 5*b + 6 = -4*p, -5*b + 27 = -p. Let o(r) = -r**2 + r + 4. Let d be o(3). Let j(y) = -y**3 - 4*y. Determine d*q(m) + p*j(m).
-3*m**3 - 2*m - 2
Let t(k) = -k + 1. Let o(s) = 3*s**3 + 3*s**2 - 1. Determine -o(j) - 4*t(j).
-3*j**3 - 3*j**2 + 4*j - 3
Let z(w) = -10*w**2 - 26*w + 5. Suppose -2*d - u = 19, 2*d - 167*u + 43 = -160*u. Let q(j) = 3*j**2 + 2*j + 3*j - 1 - j**2. Give d*q(h) - 2*z(h).
-2*h**2 - 3*h + 1
Let y(r) = r**2 - 1. Suppose -8*n + 118 = 14. Suppose -2*w - 5*m - n = 0, -16 = w + 5*m - 2. Let t(b) = -2. Give w*y(g) - t(g).
g**2 + 1
Let u be (-3 - -4)*(9 + -9) + -5. Let w(h) = -1 - 2*h**2 + 1 + 2*h**3. Let y(n) = -4*n**3 + 5*n**2. Give u*w(o) - 2*y(o).
-2*o**3
Let m(d) = 14*d**2 + 14*d - 10. Let z(x) = x**2 + x - 1. Suppose 6*k + 16*k + 22 = 0. Calculate k*m(f) + 12*z(f).
-2*f**2 - 2*f - 2
Let n(j) = -j**3 - 184*j**2 + 11*j - 10. Let l(h) = -37*h**2 + 2*h - 2. Determine 11*l(y) - 2*n(y).
2*y**3 - 39*y**2 - 2
Let r(x) = -17*x. Let z(t) = 42*t. Suppose -7 = 5*w - 2*q + 14, 0 = 4*w - 4*q + 12. Determine w*z(s) - 12*r(s).
-6*s
Let o(w) = 6*w**2 + 10*w. Let d(j) = j**2 + 2*j. Let p(g) = 5*d(g) - o(g). Let f(x) = -2*x**2 - 2. Determine f(k) - 3*p(k).
k**2 - 2
Let y(n) = n - 2*n + 3*n - 13 + 0*n. Let x(q) = -3*q + 14. What is -3*x(b) - 4*y(b)?
b + 10
Let q(u) = -5*u**3 + 6*u**2 - 91*u + 7. Let f(w) = -w**3 + 2*w**2 - 30*w + 2. What is 7*f(p) - 2*q(p)?
3*p**3 + 2*p**2 - 28*p
Let s(j) = -1. Let q(r) = -16*r + 1. Calculate q(p) - 4*s(p).
-16*p + 5
Suppose -5*w - 4 = 4*n, 6*w - 7*w + 12 = 4*n. Let t be (10 - 9) + (-2)/(-1). Let b(y) = 6*y + 2. Let v(s) = 5*s + 1. Determine t*b(z) + w*v(z).
-2*z + 2
Let w(o) = o + 2. Let f(x) = 43*x - 10. Determine -f(s) - 4*w(s).
-47*s + 2
Let w(g) be the second derivative of -g**3/2 + 3*g**2/2 - 5*g. Let a(j) = -j + 1. Let k(q) = 5*q - 4. Let o(l) = a(l) - k(l). Determine 3*o(n) - 5*w(n).
-3*n
Let i = -1 - -5. Let r(d) = d**2 + 9 - i*d + 3 - 8. Let q(y) = -y**2 + 11*y - 24. Let z be q(7). Let a(n) = 3*n - 3. Determine z*a(x) + 3*r(x).
3*x**2
Let i(n) = n**2 - 7*n + 3. Let k be i(6). Let v(t) = -7*t**2 + 5*t - 1. Let z(q) = 4*q**2 - 3*q. Suppose 11*a - 5*a = -30. Calculate a*z(u) + k*v(u).
u**2 + 3
Let b(l) = 2*l**2 - 5*l - 3. Let f(v) = -4 + 1 - 18*v**2 - 4*v + 19*v**2. Let r be 1/(0 + -4 + 6)*8. Calculate r*f(p) - 3*b(p).
-2*p**2 - p - 3
Let b(k) = 6*k**2 + k + 9. Let w(z) = -z**2 - 48*z - 509. Let o be w(-16). Let r(l) = -3*l**2 - l - 5. Determine o*b(y) + 5*r(y).
3*y**2 - 2*y + 2
Let j(s) = -3*s**2 + 26*s - 6. Let h(i) = 13*i**2 - 105*i + 28. Give -4*h(z) - 18*j(z).
2*z**2 - 48*z - 4
Suppose 0 = 7*k - 70 + 49. Let v(r) = -2 + 8 - 3. Let x(t) = t - 5. Determine k*x(c) + 5*v(c).
3*c
Let q(n) be the second derivative of -n**3/6 + 2*n**2 - 40*n. Let v(u) = -3*u + 7. Calculate -7*q(s) + 3*v(s).
-2*s - 7
Let j(f) = -6*f**3 + f**2 + 3*f - 3. Let p(u) = 6*u**3 - 2*u + 2. Calculate -2*j(m) - 3*p(m).
-6*m**3 - 2*m**2
Let t(x) = -x**3 - 3*x**2 - 1. Let k(b) = -b**3 + b**2 - b. Let q(g) = 3*g**3 - 13*g**2 + 6*g - 2. Let f(l) = -6*k(l) - q(l). Calculate -4*f(v) - 10*t(v).
-2*v**3 + 2*v**2 + 2
Let k(q) = -3*q**2 + 5*q - 5. Let w(r) = -r**2 + 2*r - 2. Let f(s) = -s**3 - 3*s**2 - 4*s - 17. Let c be f(-4). Let h = c - 17. Determine h*k(g) + 5*w(g).
g**2
Let r(j) = 17*j**3 + 70*j**2 - 17*j - 36. Let p(x) = -4*x**3 - 18*x**2 + 4*x + 8. Give 9*p(q) + 2*r(q).
-2*q**3 - 22*q**2 + 2*q
Let r(c) = -2190*c**2 + 73*c + 73. Let j(u) = -151*u**2 + 5*u + 5. Determine 73*j(g) - 5*r(g).
-73*g**2
Let o(j) = -4*j**2 + 6*j + 209. Let h(f) = 3*f**2 - 5*f - 212. Calculate 5*h(d) + 4*o(d).
-d**2 - d - 224
Let i(h) = -1. Let q(d) = -14*d - 235. Let l be q(-17). Let s(t) = 5*t + 1. Give l*i(f) + s(f).
5*f - 2
Let k(v) = -6*v - 6. Let t(j) = -6*j + 2. Suppose -6*o + 19 = -23. Let x(q) = o*q - 5*q + 5*q - 3. Let g(a) = -5*t(a) - 4*x(a). Determine -8*g(h) - 3*k(h).
2*h + 2
Let z(j) = 10*j**2 - 22. Suppose -5*y - w + 34 = 0, -4*y + w = -0*y - 29. Let p = y + -2. Let b(v) = 0*v**2 + 6*v**2 - v**2 - 7 - 2*v**2. Give p*z(r) - 16*b(r).
2*r**2 + 2
Let h(f) = 50*f + 14. Suppose 0 = -5*o + 3*a - 18, -3*o + 1 - 6 = 4*a. Let x(v) = 10*v + 3. Calculate o*h(q) + 14*x(q).
-10*q
Let p(h) = -21*h - 23. Let o(d) = -52*d - 58. Give 5*o(c) - 12*p(c).
-8*c - 14
Let s(v) = -v. Suppose -84 = -14*c + 12*c. Let l = c - 41. Let a(y) = -5*y - 3. What is l*a(f) - 3*s(f)?
-2*f - 3
Let d(p) = p**2 - 2*p + 2. Let j(k) = 2*k**2 - 3*k + 5. Give -9*d(s) + 4*j(s).
-s**2 + 6*s + 2
Let p(z) = 251*z - 6. Let y(w) = -84*w + 3. What is -4*p(q) - 11*y(q)?
-80*q - 9
Let h = 11 - 8. Let t(c) = -6*c**2 + h - 5 + 3. Let y be t(-1). Let a(k) = k**2 + k + 3. Let r(p) = 2*p**2 + p + 5. What is y*a(l) + 3*r(l)?
l**2 - 2*l
Let q(t) = 2*t + 1. Let j(p) = -2*p - 1. Let b be -1*3*-1 - (-786)/(-131). Let h = -2 + 5. Suppose h*i - i = -4. Determine b*q(a) + i*j(a).
-2*a - 1
Let p(m) = 13*m**2 + 43*m + 26. Let i(u) = -4*u**2 - 15*u - 9. Let g(y) = -17*i(y) - 6*p(y). Let x(w) = 119*w**2 + 35*w + 35. Calculate 35*g(c) + 3*x(c).
7*c**2
Let a(q) = -18*q**3 + 5*q**2 + 8*q. Let z(g) = -9*g**3 + 3*g**2 + 4*g. Determine 3*a(o) - 5*z(o).
-9*o**3 + 4*o
Let l(y) = 3*y + 7. Suppose -3*t = 3*q - 12 - 9, -4*q + 3 = -t. Let a(w) = -w + t + 3*w + 0*w. Let r be 504/108*6/(-4). Give r*a(i) + 5*l(i).
i
Let g(k) = 1 - 1 + 8*k**3 - 5*k**2 - 5*k. Let d(j) = 6*j**3 - 5*j**3 + 9*j + 9*j**2 + j**3 - 5*j**3 - 12*j**3. What is -5*d(w) - 9*g(w)?
3*w**3
Let f(k) = -3*k + 13. Suppose -8*w - 15*w + 46 = 0. Let y(x) = -7*x + 26. What is w*y(u) - 5*f(u)?
u - 13
Let a(b) = -16*b - 1. Let n(d) = 31*d + 2. What is 5*a(g) + 2*n(g)?
-18*g - 1
Let r(c) = 6*c + 5. Let v be (2/3)/(2/(-12)). Suppose -60 = -4*p + 2*o, 3*o - 4*o = -p + 13. Let i(t) = -12*t - 3 + p*t + 7. Give v*i(z) + 3*r(z).
-2*z - 1
Let r(i) = 2*i**3 - i**2 - 3*i. Let p(l) = -l + 6. Let y be p(5). Let w be 19/((-2660)/180) + (-4)/(-14). Let v(x) = -x**3 - x**2. Determine w*r(j) + y*v(j).
-3*j**3 + 3*j
Let o(h) = -14*h**2 - 14*h + 17. Let i(z) = z**2 + 19*z + 22. Let s be i(-18). Let j(k) = -114*k**2 - 5 + 119*k**2 + s*k + k - 1. Determine 17*j(n) + 6*o(n).
n**2 + n
Let h(g) = -7*g - 34. Let k be h(-5). Let v(w) = -w**3 - w. Let r(j) = -3*j**3 - j + 2. Give k*r(f) - 2*v(f).
-f**3 + f + 2
Suppose -982 = -3*m + 158. Let g(x) = m + x - 384 + x. Let l(y) = -4*y + 7. Let n = 0 - 5. What is n*g(a) - 3*l(a)?
2*a - 1
Let d(v) = 4*v - 2*v + 2*v - v - 3 - 6*v**2. Let l(s) = 7*s**2 - 4*s + 4. Let j(z) = 3*z + 1. Let m be ((-2)/(-3))/(6/9). Let p be j(m). Give p*d(t) + 3*l(t).
-3*t**2
Let x = 2 - 8. Let b be (21/x + 3)*-8. Suppose 10 = b*d - 2. Let a(p) = 2*p**3 - 3*p**2 + 7. Let n(z) = -z**3 + 2*z**2 - 4. Determine d*a(c) + 5*n(c).
c**3 + c**2 + 1
Let b = 8 + -4. Let z(o) = 7*o**2 - 7*o + 2. Let p(a) be the second derivative of -a**4/2 + a**3 - a**2 + 84*a + 3. Calculate b*z(d) + 5*p(d).
-2*d**2 + 2*d - 2
Let n(y) = -2*y + 88 - 44 - 42. Let c = 1 - 2. Let h(k) = k. What is c*h(t) - n(t)?
t - 2
Let h(t) = 10*t**2 - 139*t. Let k(n) = 7*n**2 + n. Give -h(x) + k(x).
-3*x**2 + 140*x
Let i(s) = -46*s - 2. Let t(c) = 47*c + 2. Calculate -3*i(v) - 4*t(v).
-50*v - 2
Let s(l) = -2*l. Let b(c) = 7*c + 7*c - 13*c. Suppose -6 = 2*q - 18. What is q*b(y) + 5*s(y)?
-4*y
Let y(k) = 2*k**3 + 3*k**2 - 4*k - 1. Let t(l) = -l**3 - l**2 + l + 1. Let w = 47 + -29. Suppose 2*x - w = -4*x. Determine x*t(r) + y(r).
-r**3 - r + 2
Let | 2024-06-04T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/8999 |
US President Donald Trump’s new Twitter banner shows him and his wife Melania with Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan in the Forbidden City. Photo: Handout | 2024-01-04T01:26:58.646260 | https://example.com/article/4344 |
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